Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2275 52196 31666 2026-07-08T22:36:17Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Botswana Place|image=LobatseCenter.jpg|BotswanaMap={{Location map|Botswana |width = 240 |float = none |lat_deg = -25.20 |lon_deg = 25.68 }}|District=South-east|Population=29,772 (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population and Housing Census 2022:Population of Cities, Town and Villages|url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/population-and-housing-census-2022population-cities-town-and-villages-0|website=Statistics Botswana|access-date=2022-06-07|date=2022-06-03}}</ref>|Elevation=1,188 m (3,898 ft)}}'''Lobatse''' ke toropo mo borwa botlhaba jwa Botswana, dikhilomitara di le masome a supa go tswa borwa jwa toropo kgolo Gaborone,mo twatswaneng e e yang bokone jwa Gaborone. Lobatse o na le batho ba le dikete tse masome a mabedi le boferabongwe le makgolo a le masupa. <ref>{{Citation needed}}</ref>Toropo e, ke kgaolo ya makgotla, gape e na le khansele. ==Ditso== Bangwaketsi ke bone batho ba ntlha go aga mo lefelong le mo Botswana, mo le ileng la felela le agilwe ke Bangwaketsi mo lobakeng lwa dingwaga tse di lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi. Marapo a bogologolo a ntse a teng mo pakeng ya gompieno. Go filhelela ka boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966, ,Botswama e ne e le British Protectorate ya Bechuanaland, e ne e nale mathata ka gore e ne e le lefatshe mo toropong e eneng e le kwantle ga molelwane wa lefatshe. Mafikeng, South Africa ka nako eo e ne e le yone toropo kgolo, godimo ga moo toropokgolo e ne e tshwanetse go nna Lobatse kgotsa Gaborone. Gaborone o ne a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa puso ,fa Lobatse a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa molao. Ka ngwaga wa 1954 barongwa ba development co-operation ba ne ba aga matlhabelo a Lobatse a gompieno a bidiwang B.M.C. (Botswana Meat Commission). Lobatse o pharologanyo ka tsela ya ntlha mo Botswana, e e dirilweng ka 1958. Ka boipuso kgwedi ya lwetse a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966, dikilomithara tse tlhano e ne e le tsela e e nang le sekonotere lefatshe ka bophara.E ne e le tsela e e tswang maemelo a terena a Lobatse go ya kwa kgotla tshekelong e e neng agilwe ka mo go kgetlhegileng ga loeto lwa ga kgosi George VI gape le Queen Elizabeth ba England ka ngwaga wa 1947. == Itsholelo== Kgotla tshekelo e bonwa kwa Lobatse, le tsone diofisi dikgolo tsa lephata la tshekatsheko ya lefatshe gape le sepatela sa balwetse ba tlhalogayo sa Lobatse Mental, se eleng sepatela balwetse ba tlhaloganyo fela mo Botswana. Madirelo ka bontsi a kwa Lobatse, e leng matlhabelo (BMC), ka go rua ka e le konokono mo itsholelong ya Botswana pele ga go lemogwa ga diteemane e le botlhokwa e bo e sala e le bontlha bongwe jo bo mosola jwa ngwao. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111105050852/http://www.flotek.co.bw/ Kakana tse di nosetsang tsa FLO-TEK ], ke kompone e tona e e seng ya puso e e tlhapang. ==Polokelo== == O ka tsibogela == * Boemelo jwa terena mo Botswana == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|25|13|S| 25|40|E|region:BW_type:city|display=title}} {{Botswana largest cities}} [[Karolo:Mafelo aa nang le batho mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-geo-stub}} 92utlo69ecgmw5o0ylmy3ufmpshyw3z 52197 52196 2026-07-08T22:38:22Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Botswana Place|image=LobatseCenter.jpg|BotswanaMap={{Location map|Botswana |width = 240 |float = none |lat_deg = -25.20 |lon_deg = 25.68 }}|District=South-east|Population=29,772 (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population and Housing Census 2022:Population of Cities, Town and Villages|url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/population-and-housing-census-2022population-cities-town-and-villages-0|website=Statistics Botswana|access-date=2022-06-07|date=2022-06-03}}</ref>|Elevation=1,188 m (3,898 ft)}}'''Lobatse''' ke toropo mo borwa botlhaba jwa Botswana, dikhilomitara di le masome a supa go tswa borwa jwa toropo kgolo Gaborone,mo twatswaneng e e yang bokone jwa Gaborone. Lobatse o na le batho ba le dikete tse masome a mabedi le boferabongwe le makgolo a le masupa. <ref>{{Citation needed}}</ref>Toropo e, ke kgaolo ya makgotla, gape e na le khansele. ==Ditso== Bangwaketsi ke bone batho ba ntlha go aga mo lefelong le mo Botswana, mo le ileng la felela le agilwe ke Bangwaketsi mo lobakeng lwa dingwaga tse di lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi. Marapo a bogologolo a ntse a teng mo pakeng ya gompieno. Go filhelela ka boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966, ,Botswama e ne e le British Protectorate ya Bechuanaland, e ne e nale mathata ka gore e ne e le lefatshe mo toropong e eneng e le kwantle ga molelwane wa lefatshe. Mafikeng, South Africa ka nako eo e ne e le yone toropo kgolo, godimo ga moo toropokgolo e ne e tshwanetse go nna Lobatse kgotsa Gaborone. Gaborone o ne a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa puso ,fa Lobatse a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa molao. Ka ngwaga wa 1954 barongwa ba development co-operation ba ne ba aga matlhabelo a Lobatse a gompieno a bidiwang B.M.C. (Botswana Meat Commission). Lobatse o pharologanyo ka tsela ya ntlha mo Botswana, e e dirilweng ka 1958. Ka boipuso kgwedi ya lwetse a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966, dikilomithara tse tlhano e ne e le tsela e e nang le sekonotere lefatshe ka bophara.E ne e le tsela e e tswang maemelo a terena a Lobatse go ya kwa kgotla tshekelong e e neng agilwe ka mo go kgetlhegileng ga loeto lwa ga kgosi George VI gape le Queen Elizabeth ba England ka ngwaga wa 1947. ==Polokelo== == O ka tsibogela == * Boemelo jwa terena mo Botswana == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|25|13|S| 25|40|E|region:BW_type:city|display=title}} {{Botswana largest cities}} [[Karolo:Mafelo aa nang le batho mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-geo-stub}} ipw3uxyan2rxgikuonhgsv48vc4luoj 52204 52197 2026-07-09T07:52:19Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the section "Government and infrastructure" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347441471|Lobatse]]" 52204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Botswana Place|image=LobatseCenter.jpg|BotswanaMap={{Location map|Botswana |width = 240 |float = none |lat_deg = -25.20 |lon_deg = 25.68 }}|District=South-east|Population=29,772 (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population and Housing Census 2022:Population of Cities, Town and Villages|url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/population-and-housing-census-2022population-cities-town-and-villages-0|website=Statistics Botswana|access-date=2022-06-07|date=2022-06-03}}</ref>|Elevation=1,188 m (3,898 ft)}}'''Lobatse''' ke toropo mo borwa botlhaba jwa Botswana, dikhilomitara di le masome a supa go tswa borwa jwa toropo kgolo Gaborone,mo twatswaneng e e yang bokone jwa Gaborone. Lobatse o na le batho ba le dikete tse masome a mabedi le boferabongwe le makgolo a le masupa. <ref>{{Citation needed}}</ref>Toropo e, ke kgaolo ya makgotla, gape e na le khansele. ==Ditso== Bangwaketsi ke bone batho ba ntlha go aga mo lefelong le mo Botswana, mo le ileng la felela le agilwe ke Bangwaketsi mo lobakeng lwa dingwaga tse di lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi. Marapo a bogologolo a ntse a teng mo pakeng ya gompieno. Go filhelela ka boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966, ,Botswama e ne e le British Protectorate ya Bechuanaland, e ne e nale mathata ka gore e ne e le lefatshe mo toropong e eneng e le kwantle ga molelwane wa lefatshe. Mafikeng, South Africa ka nako eo e ne e le yone toropo kgolo, godimo ga moo toropokgolo e ne e tshwanetse go nna Lobatse kgotsa Gaborone. Gaborone o ne a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa puso ,fa Lobatse a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa molao. Ka ngwaga wa 1954 barongwa ba development co-operation ba ne ba aga matlhabelo a Lobatse a gompieno a bidiwang B.M.C. (Botswana Meat Commission). Lobatse o pharologanyo ka tsela ya ntlha mo Botswana, e e dirilweng ka 1958. Ka boipuso kgwedi ya lwetse a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966, dikilomithara tse tlhano e ne e le tsela e e nang le sekonotere lefatshe ka bophara.E ne e le tsela e e tswang maemelo a terena a Lobatse go ya kwa kgotla tshekelong e e neng agilwe ka mo go kgetlhegileng ga loeto lwa ga kgosi George VI gape le Queen Elizabeth ba England ka ngwaga wa 1947. ==Polokelo== == O ka tsibogela == * Boemelo jwa terena mo Botswana == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|25|13|S| 25|40|E|region:BW_type:city|display=title}} {{Botswana largest cities}} [[Karolo:Mafelo aa nang le batho mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-geo-stub}} == Puso le dikago tsa toropo == Sekolo se segolwane sa Lobatse se mo Lobatse. Lephata la dikgolegelo la Botswana (BPS) le tsamaisa kgolegelo ya Lobatse. [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlakgolo ya ditshekelo ya Botswana]] e na le lekalana mo Lobatse. Go na le kokelo ya malwetse a tlhaloganyo e e itsegeng e le [[Sepatela sa Bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo sa Sbrana|Bookelo jwa Malwetse a Tlhaloganyo jwa Sbrana]] . Toropo e gape ke legae la matlhabelo a [[Botswana Meat Commission]] (BMC) a e leng nngwe a madirelo a matona a go dira nama mo Aforika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lobatse {{!}} Botswana {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lobatse |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Lebala la metshameko la Lobatse]] le le nang le bokgoni jwa manno a le dikete di le masome a mabedi ke legae la ditlhopha tsa metshameko tsa mo gae. rml8gwz5lreblasxiuqpmb487c3db8t 52205 52204 2026-07-09T07:54:49Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52205 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Botswana Place|image=LobatseCenter.jpg|BotswanaMap={{Location map|Botswana |width = 240 |float = none |lat_deg = -25.20 |lon_deg = 25.68 }}|District=South-east|Population=29,772 (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population and Housing Census 2022:Population of Cities, Town and Villages|url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/population-and-housing-census-2022population-cities-town-and-villages-0|website=Statistics Botswana|access-date=2022-06-07|date=2022-06-03}}</ref>|Elevation=1,188 m (3,898 ft)}}'''Lobatse''' ke toropo mo borwa botlhaba jwa Botswana, dikhilomitara di le masome a supa go tswa borwa jwa toropo kgolo Gaborone,mo twatswaneng e e yang bokone jwa Gaborone. Lobatse o na le batho ba le dikete tse masome a mabedi le boferabongwe le makgolo a le masupa. <ref>{{Citation needed}}</ref>Toropo e, ke kgaolo ya makgotla, gape e na le khansele. ==Ditso== Bangwaketsi ke bone batho ba ntlha go aga mo lefelong le mo Botswana, mo le ileng la felela le agilwe ke Bangwaketsi mo lobakeng lwa dingwaga tse di lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi. Marapo a bogologolo a ntse a teng mo pakeng ya gompieno. Go filhelela ka boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966, ,Botswama e ne e le British Protectorate ya Bechuanaland, e ne e nale mathata ka gore e ne e le lefatshe mo toropong e eneng e le kwantle ga molelwane wa lefatshe. Mafikeng, South Africa ka nako eo e ne e le yone toropo kgolo, godimo ga moo toropokgolo e ne e tshwanetse go nna Lobatse kgotsa Gaborone. Gaborone o ne a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa puso ,fa Lobatse a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa molao. Ka ngwaga wa 1954 barongwa ba development co-operation ba ne ba aga matlhabelo a Lobatse a gompieno a bidiwang B.M.C. (Botswana Meat Commission). Lobatse o pharologanyo ka tsela ya ntlha mo Botswana, e e dirilweng ka 1958. Ka boipuso kgwedi ya lwetse a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966, dikilomithara tse tlhano e ne e le tsela e e nang le sekonotere lefatshe ka bophara.E ne e le tsela e e tswang maemelo a terena a Lobatse go ya kwa kgotla tshekelong e e neng agilwe ka mo go kgetlhegileng ga loeto lwa ga kgosi George VI gape le Queen Elizabeth ba England ka ngwaga wa 1947. ==Polokelo== == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|25|13|S| 25|40|E|region:BW_type:city|display=title}} {{Botswana largest cities}} [[Karolo:Mafelo aa nang le batho mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-geo-stub}} == Puso le dikago tsa toropo == Sekolo se segolwane sa Lobatse se mo Lobatse. Lephata la dikgolegelo la Botswana (BPS) le tsamaisa kgolegelo ya Lobatse. [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlakgolo ya ditshekelo ya Botswana]] e na le lekalana mo Lobatse. Go na le kokelo ya malwetse a tlhaloganyo e e itsegeng e le [[Sepatela sa Bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo sa Sbrana|Bookelo jwa Malwetse a Tlhaloganyo jwa Sbrana]] . Toropo e gape ke legae la matlhabelo a [[Botswana Meat Commission]] (BMC) a e leng nngwe a madirelo a matona a go dira nama mo Aforika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lobatse {{!}} Botswana {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lobatse |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Lebala la metshameko la Lobatse]] le le nang le bokgoni jwa manno a le dikete di le masome a mabedi ke legae la ditlhopha tsa metshameko tsa mo gae. 9k1m02x4ussvqw2z1n5cuaw4lf6sih5 52206 52205 2026-07-09T07:55:09Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Botswana Place|image=LobatseCenter.jpg|BotswanaMap={{Location map|Botswana |width = 240 |float = none |lat_deg = -25.20 |lon_deg = 25.68 }}|District=South-east|Population=29,772 (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population and Housing Census 2022:Population of Cities, Town and Villages|url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/population-and-housing-census-2022population-cities-town-and-villages-0|website=Statistics Botswana|access-date=2022-06-07|date=2022-06-03}}</ref>|Elevation=1,188 m (3,898 ft)}}'''Lobatse''' ke toropo mo borwa botlhaba jwa Botswana, dikhilomitara di le masome a supa go tswa borwa jwa toropo kgolo Gaborone,mo twatswaneng e e yang bokone jwa Gaborone. Lobatse o na le batho ba le dikete tse masome a mabedi le boferabongwe le makgolo a le masupa. <ref>{{Citation needed}}</ref>Toropo e, ke kgaolo ya makgotla, gape e na le khansele. ==Ditso== Bangwaketsi ke bone batho ba ntlha go aga mo lefelong le mo Botswana, mo le ileng la felela le agilwe ke Bangwaketsi mo lobakeng lwa dingwaga tse di lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi. Marapo a bogologolo a ntse a teng mo pakeng ya gompieno. Go filhelela ka boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966, ,Botswama e ne e le British Protectorate ya Bechuanaland, e ne e nale mathata ka gore e ne e le lefatshe mo toropong e eneng e le kwantle ga molelwane wa lefatshe. Mafikeng, South Africa ka nako eo e ne e le yone toropo kgolo, godimo ga moo toropokgolo e ne e tshwanetse go nna Lobatse kgotsa Gaborone. Gaborone o ne a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa puso ,fa Lobatse a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa molao. Ka ngwaga wa 1954 barongwa ba development co-operation ba ne ba aga matlhabelo a Lobatse a gompieno a bidiwang B.M.C. (Botswana Meat Commission). Lobatse o pharologanyo ka tsela ya ntlha mo Botswana, e e dirilweng ka 1958. Ka boipuso kgwedi ya lwetse a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966, dikilomithara tse tlhano e ne e le tsela e e nang le sekonotere lefatshe ka bophara.E ne e le tsela e e tswang maemelo a terena a Lobatse go ya kwa kgotla tshekelong e e neng agilwe ka mo go kgetlhegileng ga loeto lwa ga kgosi George VI gape le Queen Elizabeth ba England ka ngwaga wa 1947. == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|25|13|S| 25|40|E|region:BW_type:city|display=title}} {{Botswana largest cities}} [[Karolo:Mafelo aa nang le batho mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-geo-stub}} == Puso le dikago tsa toropo == Sekolo se segolwane sa Lobatse se mo Lobatse. Lephata la dikgolegelo la Botswana (BPS) le tsamaisa kgolegelo ya Lobatse. [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlakgolo ya ditshekelo ya Botswana]] e na le lekalana mo Lobatse. Go na le kokelo ya malwetse a tlhaloganyo e e itsegeng e le [[Sepatela sa Bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo sa Sbrana|Bookelo jwa Malwetse a Tlhaloganyo jwa Sbrana]] . Toropo e gape ke legae la matlhabelo a [[Botswana Meat Commission]] (BMC) a e leng nngwe a madirelo a matona a go dira nama mo Aforika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lobatse {{!}} Botswana {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lobatse |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Lebala la metshameko la Lobatse]] le le nang le bokgoni jwa manno a le dikete di le masome a mabedi ke legae la ditlhopha tsa metshameko tsa mo gae. 2ve56ug823b3t92fu8jjx6qu7km73wp 52207 52206 2026-07-09T07:58:20Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the section "Twin Town – Sister City" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347441471|Lobatse]]" 52207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Botswana Place|image=LobatseCenter.jpg|BotswanaMap={{Location map|Botswana |width = 240 |float = none |lat_deg = -25.20 |lon_deg = 25.68 }}|District=South-east|Population=29,772 (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population and Housing Census 2022:Population of Cities, Town and Villages|url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/population-and-housing-census-2022population-cities-town-and-villages-0|website=Statistics Botswana|access-date=2022-06-07|date=2022-06-03}}</ref>|Elevation=1,188 m (3,898 ft)}}'''Lobatse''' ke toropo mo borwa botlhaba jwa Botswana, dikhilomitara di le masome a supa go tswa borwa jwa toropo kgolo Gaborone,mo twatswaneng e e yang bokone jwa Gaborone. Lobatse o na le batho ba le dikete tse masome a mabedi le boferabongwe le makgolo a le masupa. <ref>{{Citation needed}}</ref>Toropo e, ke kgaolo ya makgotla, gape e na le khansele. ==Ditso== Bangwaketsi ke bone batho ba ntlha go aga mo lefelong le mo Botswana, mo le ileng la felela le agilwe ke Bangwaketsi mo lobakeng lwa dingwaga tse di lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi. Marapo a bogologolo a ntse a teng mo pakeng ya gompieno. Go filhelela ka boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966, ,Botswama e ne e le British Protectorate ya Bechuanaland, e ne e nale mathata ka gore e ne e le lefatshe mo toropong e eneng e le kwantle ga molelwane wa lefatshe. Mafikeng, South Africa ka nako eo e ne e le yone toropo kgolo, godimo ga moo toropokgolo e ne e tshwanetse go nna Lobatse kgotsa Gaborone. Gaborone o ne a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa puso ,fa Lobatse a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa molao. Ka ngwaga wa 1954 barongwa ba development co-operation ba ne ba aga matlhabelo a Lobatse a gompieno a bidiwang B.M.C. (Botswana Meat Commission). Lobatse o pharologanyo ka tsela ya ntlha mo Botswana, e e dirilweng ka 1958. Ka boipuso kgwedi ya lwetse a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966, dikilomithara tse tlhano e ne e le tsela e e nang le sekonotere lefatshe ka bophara.E ne e le tsela e e tswang maemelo a terena a Lobatse go ya kwa kgotla tshekelong e e neng agilwe ka mo go kgetlhegileng ga loeto lwa ga kgosi George VI gape le Queen Elizabeth ba England ka ngwaga wa 1947. == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|25|13|S| 25|40|E|region:BW_type:city|display=title}} {{Botswana largest cities}} [[Karolo:Mafelo aa nang le batho mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-geo-stub}} == Puso le dikago tsa toropo == Sekolo se segolwane sa Lobatse se mo Lobatse. Lephata la dikgolegelo la Botswana (BPS) le tsamaisa kgolegelo ya Lobatse. [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlakgolo ya ditshekelo ya Botswana]] e na le lekalana mo Lobatse. Go na le kokelo ya malwetse a tlhaloganyo e e itsegeng e le [[Sepatela sa Bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo sa Sbrana|Bookelo jwa Malwetse a Tlhaloganyo jwa Sbrana]] . Toropo e gape ke legae la matlhabelo a [[Botswana Meat Commission]] (BMC) a e leng nngwe a madirelo a matona a go dira nama mo Aforika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lobatse {{!}} Botswana {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lobatse |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Lebala la metshameko la Lobatse]] le le nang le bokgoni jwa manno a le dikete di le masome a mabedi ke legae la ditlhopha tsa metshameko tsa mo gae. == Toropo ya botsala == Lobatse ke lewelana le toropo ya; mvdn74bya56atkvxjdro1jm3qij01tf 52208 52207 2026-07-09T08:02:32Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the section "Twin Town – Sister City" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347441471|Lobatse]]" 52208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Botswana Place|image=LobatseCenter.jpg|BotswanaMap={{Location map|Botswana |width = 240 |float = none |lat_deg = -25.20 |lon_deg = 25.68 }}|District=South-east|Population=29,772 (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population and Housing Census 2022:Population of Cities, Town and Villages|url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/population-and-housing-census-2022population-cities-town-and-villages-0|website=Statistics Botswana|access-date=2022-06-07|date=2022-06-03}}</ref>|Elevation=1,188 m (3,898 ft)}}'''Lobatse''' ke toropo mo borwa botlhaba jwa Botswana, dikhilomitara di le masome a supa go tswa borwa jwa toropo kgolo Gaborone,mo twatswaneng e e yang bokone jwa Gaborone. Lobatse o na le batho ba le dikete tse masome a mabedi le boferabongwe le makgolo a le masupa. <ref>{{Citation needed}}</ref>Toropo e, ke kgaolo ya makgotla, gape e na le khansele. ==Ditso== Bangwaketsi ke bone batho ba ntlha go aga mo lefelong le mo Botswana, mo le ileng la felela le agilwe ke Bangwaketsi mo lobakeng lwa dingwaga tse di lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi. Marapo a bogologolo a ntse a teng mo pakeng ya gompieno. Go filhelela ka boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966, ,Botswama e ne e le British Protectorate ya Bechuanaland, e ne e nale mathata ka gore e ne e le lefatshe mo toropong e eneng e le kwantle ga molelwane wa lefatshe. Mafikeng, South Africa ka nako eo e ne e le yone toropo kgolo, godimo ga moo toropokgolo e ne e tshwanetse go nna Lobatse kgotsa Gaborone. Gaborone o ne a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa puso ,fa Lobatse a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa molao. Ka ngwaga wa 1954 barongwa ba development co-operation ba ne ba aga matlhabelo a Lobatse a gompieno a bidiwang B.M.C. (Botswana Meat Commission). Lobatse o pharologanyo ka tsela ya ntlha mo Botswana, e e dirilweng ka 1958. Ka boipuso kgwedi ya lwetse a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966, dikilomithara tse tlhano e ne e le tsela e e nang le sekonotere lefatshe ka bophara.E ne e le tsela e e tswang maemelo a terena a Lobatse go ya kwa kgotla tshekelong e e neng agilwe ka mo go kgetlhegileng ga loeto lwa ga kgosi George VI gape le Queen Elizabeth ba England ka ngwaga wa 1947. == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|25|13|S| 25|40|E|region:BW_type:city|display=title}} {{Botswana largest cities}} [[Karolo:Mafelo aa nang le batho mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-geo-stub}} == Puso le dikago tsa toropo == Sekolo se segolwane sa Lobatse se mo Lobatse. Lephata la dikgolegelo la Botswana (BPS) le tsamaisa kgolegelo ya Lobatse. [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlakgolo ya ditshekelo ya Botswana]] e na le lekalana mo Lobatse. Go na le kokelo ya malwetse a tlhaloganyo e e itsegeng e le [[Sepatela sa Bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo sa Sbrana|Bookelo jwa Malwetse a Tlhaloganyo jwa Sbrana]] . Toropo e gape ke legae la matlhabelo a [[Botswana Meat Commission]] (BMC) a e leng nngwe a madirelo a matona a go dira nama mo Aforika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lobatse {{!}} Botswana {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lobatse |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Lebala la metshameko la Lobatse]] le le nang le bokgoni jwa manno a le dikete di le masome a mabedi ke legae la ditlhopha tsa metshameko tsa mo gae. == Toropo ya botsala == Lobatse ke lewelana le toropo ya; == Toropo ya botsala == Lobatse ke lewelana le toropo ya; kr56pibf40x3p3liwvonwmqwz29rtr5 52209 52208 2026-07-09T08:03:06Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Botswana Place|image=LobatseCenter.jpg|BotswanaMap={{Location map|Botswana |width = 240 |float = none |lat_deg = -25.20 |lon_deg = 25.68 }}|District=South-east|Population=29,772 (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population and Housing Census 2022:Population of Cities, Town and Villages|url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/population-and-housing-census-2022population-cities-town-and-villages-0|website=Statistics Botswana|access-date=2022-06-07|date=2022-06-03}}</ref>|Elevation=1,188 m (3,898 ft)}}'''Lobatse''' ke toropo mo borwa botlhaba jwa Botswana, dikhilomitara di le masome a supa go tswa borwa jwa toropo kgolo Gaborone,mo twatswaneng e e yang bokone jwa Gaborone. Lobatse o na le batho ba le dikete tse masome a mabedi le boferabongwe le makgolo a le masupa. <ref>{{Citation needed}}</ref>Toropo e, ke kgaolo ya makgotla, gape e na le khansele. ==Ditso== Bangwaketsi ke bone batho ba ntlha go aga mo lefelong le mo Botswana, mo le ileng la felela le agilwe ke Bangwaketsi mo lobakeng lwa dingwaga tse di lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi. Marapo a bogologolo a ntse a teng mo pakeng ya gompieno. Go filhelela ka boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966, ,Botswama e ne e le British Protectorate ya Bechuanaland, e ne e nale mathata ka gore e ne e le lefatshe mo toropong e eneng e le kwantle ga molelwane wa lefatshe. Mafikeng, South Africa ka nako eo e ne e le yone toropo kgolo, godimo ga moo toropokgolo e ne e tshwanetse go nna Lobatse kgotsa Gaborone. Gaborone o ne a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa puso ,fa Lobatse a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa molao. Ka ngwaga wa 1954 barongwa ba development co-operation ba ne ba aga matlhabelo a Lobatse a gompieno a bidiwang B.M.C. (Botswana Meat Commission). Lobatse o pharologanyo ka tsela ya ntlha mo Botswana, e e dirilweng ka 1958. Ka boipuso kgwedi ya lwetse a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966, dikilomithara tse tlhano e ne e le tsela e e nang le sekonotere lefatshe ka bophara.E ne e le tsela e e tswang maemelo a terena a Lobatse go ya kwa kgotla tshekelong e e neng agilwe ka mo go kgetlhegileng ga loeto lwa ga kgosi George VI gape le Queen Elizabeth ba England ka ngwaga wa 1947. == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|25|13|S| 25|40|E|region:BW_type:city|display=title}} {{Botswana largest cities}} [[Karolo:Mafelo aa nang le batho mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-geo-stub}} == Puso le dikago tsa toropo == Sekolo se segolwane sa Lobatse se mo Lobatse. Lephata la dikgolegelo la Botswana (BPS) le tsamaisa kgolegelo ya Lobatse. [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlakgolo ya ditshekelo ya Botswana]] e na le lekalana mo Lobatse. Go na le kokelo ya malwetse a tlhaloganyo e e itsegeng e le [[Sepatela sa Bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo sa Sbrana|Bookelo jwa Malwetse a Tlhaloganyo jwa Sbrana]] . Toropo e gape ke legae la matlhabelo a [[Botswana Meat Commission]] (BMC) a e leng nngwe a madirelo a matona a go dira nama mo Aforika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lobatse {{!}} Botswana {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lobatse |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Lebala la metshameko la Lobatse]] le le nang le bokgoni jwa manno a le dikete di le masome a mabedi ke legae la ditlhopha tsa metshameko tsa mo gae. == Toropo ya botsala == Lobatse ke lewelana le toropo ya; mvdn74bya56atkvxjdro1jm3qij01tf 52210 52209 2026-07-09T08:04:48Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Botswana Place|image=LobatseCenter.jpg|BotswanaMap={{Location map|Botswana |width = 240 |float = none |lat_deg = -25.20 |lon_deg = 25.68 }}|District=South-east|Population=29,772 (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population and Housing Census 2022:Population of Cities, Town and Villages|url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/population-and-housing-census-2022population-cities-town-and-villages-0|website=Statistics Botswana|access-date=2022-06-07|date=2022-06-03}}</ref>|Elevation=1,188 m (3,898 ft)}}'''Lobatse''' ke toropo mo borwa botlhaba jwa Botswana, dikhilomitara di le masome a supa go tswa borwa jwa toropo kgolo Gaborone,mo twatswaneng e e yang bokone jwa Gaborone. Lobatse o na le batho ba le dikete tse masome a mabedi le boferabongwe le makgolo a le masupa. <ref>{{Citation needed}}</ref>Toropo e, ke kgaolo ya makgotla, gape e na le khansele. ==Ditso== Bangwaketsi ke bone batho ba ntlha go aga mo lefelong le mo Botswana, mo le ileng la felela le agilwe ke Bangwaketsi mo lobakeng lwa dingwaga tse di lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi. Marapo a bogologolo a ntse a teng mo pakeng ya gompieno. Go filhelela ka boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966, ,Botswama e ne e le British Protectorate ya Bechuanaland, e ne e nale mathata ka gore e ne e le lefatshe mo toropong e eneng e le kwantle ga molelwane wa lefatshe. Mafikeng, South Africa ka nako eo e ne e le yone toropo kgolo, godimo ga moo toropokgolo e ne e tshwanetse go nna Lobatse kgotsa Gaborone. Gaborone o ne a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa puso ,fa Lobatse a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa molao. Ka ngwaga wa 1954 barongwa ba development co-operation ba ne ba aga matlhabelo a Lobatse a gompieno a bidiwang B.M.C. (Botswana Meat Commission). Lobatse o pharologanyo ka tsela ya ntlha mo Botswana, e e dirilweng ka 1958. Ka boipuso kgwedi ya lwetse a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966, dikilomithara tse tlhano e ne e le tsela e e nang le sekonotere lefatshe ka bophara.E ne e le tsela e e tswang maemelo a terena a Lobatse go ya kwa kgotla tshekelong e e neng agilwe ka mo go kgetlhegileng ga loeto lwa ga kgosi George VI gape le Queen Elizabeth ba England ka ngwaga wa 1947. == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|25|13|S| 25|40|E|region:BW_type:city|display=title}} {{Botswana largest cities}} [[Karolo:Mafelo aa nang le batho mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-geo-stub}} == Puso le dikago tsa toropo == Sekolo se segolwane sa Lobatse se mo Lobatse. Lephata la dikgolegelo la Botswana (BPS) le tsamaisa kgolegelo ya Lobatse. [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlakgolo ya ditshekelo ya Botswana]] e na le lekalana mo Lobatse. Go na le kokelo ya malwetse a tlhaloganyo e e itsegeng e le [[Sepatela sa Bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo sa Sbrana|Bookelo jwa Malwetse a Tlhaloganyo jwa Sbrana]] . Toropo e gape ke legae la matlhabelo a [[Botswana Meat Commission]] (BMC) a e leng nngwe a madirelo a matona a go dira nama mo Aforika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lobatse {{!}} Botswana {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lobatse |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Lebala la metshameko la Lobatse]] le le nang le bokgoni jwa manno a le dikete di le masome a mabedi ke legae la ditlhopha tsa metshameko tsa mo gae. == Toropo ya botsala == Lobatse ke lewelana le toropo ya; '''•''' 🇳🇦 [[Walvis Bay, Namibia]] axd5lw5eb1qe54xtbdbf16g6878th49 52211 52210 2026-07-09T08:15:28Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Fixed so many typos on existing content 52211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Botswana Place|image=LobatseCenter.jpg|BotswanaMap={{Location map|Botswana |width = 240 |float = none |lat_deg = -25.20 |lon_deg = 25.68 }}|District=South-east|Population=29,772 (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population and Housing Census 2022:Population of Cities, Town and Villages|url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/population-and-housing-census-2022population-cities-town-and-villages-0|website=Statistics Botswana|access-date=2022-06-07|date=2022-06-03}}</ref>|Elevation=1,188 m (3,898 ft)}}'''Lobatse''' ke toropo mo borwa botlhaba jwa Botswana, dikhilomitara di le masome a supa go tswa borwa jwa toropo kgolo Gaborone,mo twatswaneng e e yang bokone jwa Gaborone. Lobatse o na le batho ba le dikete tse masome a mabedi le boferabongwe le makgolo a le masupa. <ref>{{Citation needed}}</ref>Toropo e, ke kgaolo ya makgotla, gape e na le khansele. ==Ditso== Bangwaketse ke bone batho ba ntlha go aga mo lefelong le mo Botswana, mo le ileng la felela le agilwe ke bone Bangwaketse mo lobakeng lwa dingwaga tse di lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi. Marapo a bogologolo a ntse a teng mo pakeng ya gompieno. Go fitlhelela ka boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966, Botswana o ne a le ka fa tlase ga taolo ya Makgoa ( British Protectorate ya Bechuanaland). Mafikeng, South Africa ka nako eo e ne e le yone toropo kgolo, godimo ga moo toropokgolo e ne e tshwanetse go nna Lobatse kgotsa Gaborone. Gaborone o ne a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa puso ,fa Lobatse a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa molao. Ka ngwaga wa 1954 barongwa ba koporase ya ditlhabololo ba ne ba aga matlhabelo a Lobatse a gompieno a bidiwang [[Botswana Meat Commission]] . Lobatse o pharologanyo ka tsela ya ntlha mo Botswana, e e dirilweng ka 1958. Ka boipuso kgwedi ya Lwetse a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966, tsela e e neng e na le sekonotere e ne e le dikholomithara tse tlhano fela lefatshe ka bophara mme e le mo Lobatse.E ne e le tsela e e tswang maemelong a terena a Lobatse go ya kwa kgotla tshekelong e e neng agilwe ka mo go kgethegileng morago ga loeto lwa ga kgosi [[George VI]] gape le [[Queen Elizabeth Mma Kgosi Ya Mosadi|Mmamosadinyana]] ba Enyelane ka ngwaga wa 1947. == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|25|13|S| 25|40|E|region:BW_type:city|display=title}} {{Botswana largest cities}} [[Karolo:Mafelo aa nang le batho mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-geo-stub}} == Puso le dikago tsa toropo == Sekolo se segolwane sa Lobatse se mo Lobatse. Lephata la dikgolegelo la Botswana (BPS) le tsamaisa kgolegelo ya Lobatse. [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlakgolo ya ditshekelo ya Botswana]] e na le lekalana mo Lobatse. Go na le kokelo ya malwetse a tlhaloganyo e e itsegeng e le [[Sepatela sa Bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo sa Sbrana|Bookelo jwa Malwetse a Tlhaloganyo jwa Sbrana]] . Toropo e gape ke legae la matlhabelo a [[Botswana Meat Commission]] (BMC) a e leng nngwe a madirelo a matona a go dira nama mo Aforika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lobatse {{!}} Botswana {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lobatse |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Lebala la metshameko la Lobatse]] le le nang le bokgoni jwa manno a le dikete di le masome a mabedi ke legae la ditlhopha tsa metshameko tsa mo gae. == Toropo ya botsala == Lobatse ke lewelana le toropo ya; '''•''' 🇳🇦 [[Walvis Bay, Namibia]] qn0hqsvz9yjg8t1sq30zsf6vksbmzxj 52212 52211 2026-07-09T08:18:02Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Botswana Place|image=LobatseCenter.jpg|BotswanaMap={{Location map|Botswana |width = 240 |float = none |lat_deg = -25.20 |lon_deg = 25.68 }}|District=South-east|Population=29,772 (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population and Housing Census 2022:Population of Cities, Town and Villages|url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/population-and-housing-census-2022population-cities-town-and-villages-0|website=Statistics Botswana|access-date=2022-06-07|date=2022-06-03}}</ref>|Elevation=1,188 m (3,898 ft)}}'''Lobatse''' ke toropo mo borwa botlhaba jwa Botswana, dikhilomitara di le masome a supa go tswa borwa jwa toropo kgolo Gaborone,mo twatswaneng e e yang bokone jwa Gaborone. Lobatse o na le batho ba le dikete tse masome a mabedi le boferabongwe le makgolo a le masupa. <ref>{{Citation needed}}</ref>Toropo e, ke kgaolo ya makgotla, gape e na le khansele. ==Ditso== Bangwaketse ke bone batho ba ntlha go aga mo lefelong le mo Botswana, mo le ileng la felela le agilwe ke bone Bangwaketse mo lobakeng lwa dingwaga tse di lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi. Marapo a bogologolo a ntse a teng mo pakeng ya gompieno. Go fitlhelela ka boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966, Botswana o ne a le ka fa tlase ga tshireletso le taolo ya Makgoa ( [[British Protectorate of Bechuanaland]] ) Mafikeng, South Africa ka nako eo e ne e le yone toropo kgolo, godimo ga moo toropokgolo e ne e tshwanetse go nna Lobatse kgotsa Gaborone. Gaborone o ne a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa puso ,fa Lobatse a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa molao. Ka ngwaga wa 1954 barongwa ba koporase ya ditlhabololo ba ne ba aga matlhabelo a Lobatse a gompieno a bidiwang [[Botswana Meat Commission]] . Lobatse o pharologanyo ka tsela ya ntlha mo Botswana, e e dirilweng ka 1958. Ka boipuso kgwedi ya Lwetse a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966, tsela e e neng e na le sekonotere e ne e le dikholomithara tse tlhano fela lefatshe ka bophara mme e le mo Lobatse.E ne e le tsela e e tswang maemelong a terena a Lobatse go ya kwa kgotla tshekelong e e neng agilwe ka mo go kgethegileng morago ga loeto lwa ga kgosi [[George VI]] gape le [[Queen Elizabeth Mma Kgosi Ya Mosadi|Mmamosadinyana]] ba Enyelane ka ngwaga wa 1947. == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|25|13|S| 25|40|E|region:BW_type:city|display=title}} {{Botswana largest cities}} [[Karolo:Mafelo aa nang le batho mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-geo-stub}} == Puso le dikago tsa toropo == Sekolo se segolwane sa Lobatse se mo Lobatse. Lephata la dikgolegelo la Botswana (BPS) le tsamaisa kgolegelo ya Lobatse. [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlakgolo ya ditshekelo ya Botswana]] e na le lekalana mo Lobatse. Go na le kokelo ya malwetse a tlhaloganyo e e itsegeng e le [[Sepatela sa Bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo sa Sbrana|Bookelo jwa Malwetse a Tlhaloganyo jwa Sbrana]] . Toropo e gape ke legae la matlhabelo a [[Botswana Meat Commission]] (BMC) a e leng nngwe a madirelo a matona a go dira nama mo Aforika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lobatse {{!}} Botswana {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lobatse |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Lebala la metshameko la Lobatse]] le le nang le bokgoni jwa manno a le dikete di le masome a mabedi ke legae la ditlhopha tsa metshameko tsa mo gae. == Toropo ya botsala == Lobatse ke lewelana le toropo ya; '''•''' 🇳🇦 [[Walvis Bay, Namibia]] lv9nlmal3j5tcjxjqd3lgqgbillqnbu 52213 52212 2026-07-09T08:26:59Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347441471|Lobatse]]" 52213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|official_name=Lobatse|other_name=|native_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=|settlement_type=Toropo|motto=|image_skyline=File:My Home Town from a Hilltop , Lobatse.jpg|imagesize=|image_caption=|image_flag=Flag_of_Lobatse.png|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|image_map1=|mapsize1=|map_caption1=|pushpin_map=Botswana <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->|pushpin_label_position=<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->|pushpin_map_caption=|pushpin_mapsize=|subdivision_type=Lefatshe|subdivision_name=[[Botswana]]|subdivision_type1=[[Dikgaolo tsa Botswana|Kgaolo]]|subdivision_name1=|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=|leader_name=|leader_title1=<!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|established_title=|established_date=|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=|unit_pref=<!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|population_as_of=2022|population_footnotes=<ref name="Statistics Botswana - Census 2022 - Population of cities, towns and villages">{{Cite web |title=Statistics Botswana - Census 2022 - Population of cities, towns and villages |url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Population%20of%20Cities%20Towns%20and%20Villages%20%202022.pdf}}</ref>|population_note=|population_total=29772|population_density_km2=|population_density_sq_mi=|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_density_metro_sq_mi=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=|population_blank1=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=|timezone=GMT +2|utc_offset=|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|25|13|S|25|40|E|region:BW|display=inline}}|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> tags-->|elevation_m=1188|elevation_ft=|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|postal_code=|area_code=|blank_name=[[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]|blank_info=[[Semi-arid climate#Hot semi-arid climates|BSh]]|blank1_name=|blank1_info=|website=|footnotes=}} '''Lobatse''' ke toropo e e kwa borwa botlhaba jwa [[Botswana|lefatshe la Botswana]], dikhilomithara di le masome a supa kwa borwa jwa toropo kgolo [[Gaborone|ya Gaborone]], e mo mogorogorong o o tsamaelang kwa bokone o lebile Gaborone le mo molelwaneng le [[Aforika Borwa|Aferika Borwa]] . Lobatse o na le palo ya batho ba le dikete di le masome a mabedi a le boferabongwe le makgolo a le masupa le masome a le bosupa le bobedi (29 772) go ema ka ngwaga wa 2022. Toropo e ke kgaolo ya tsamaiso, e e nang le lekgotla la toropo. ==Ditso== Bangwaketse ke bone batho ba ntlha go aga mo lefelong le mo Botswana, mo le ileng la felela le agilwe ke bone Bangwaketse mo lobakeng lwa dingwaga tse di lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi. Marapo a bogologolo a ntse a teng mo pakeng ya gompieno. Go fitlhelela ka boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966, Botswana o ne a le ka fa tlase ga tshireletso le taolo ya Makgoa ( [[British Protectorate of Bechuanaland]] ) Mafikeng, South Africa ka nako eo e ne e le yone toropo kgolo, godimo ga moo toropokgolo e ne e tshwanetse go nna Lobatse kgotsa Gaborone. Gaborone o ne a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa puso ,fa Lobatse a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa molao. Ka ngwaga wa 1954 barongwa ba koporase ya ditlhabololo ba ne ba aga matlhabelo a Lobatse a gompieno a bidiwang [[Botswana Meat Commission]] . Lobatse o pharologanyo ka tsela ya ntlha mo Botswana, e e dirilweng ka 1958. Ka boipuso kgwedi ya Lwetse a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966, tsela e e neng e na le sekonotere e ne e le dikholomithara tse tlhano fela lefatshe ka bophara mme e le mo Lobatse.E ne e le tsela e e tswang maemelong a terena a Lobatse go ya kwa kgotla tshekelong e e neng agilwe ka mo go kgethegileng morago ga loeto lwa ga kgosi [[George VI]] gape le [[Queen Elizabeth Mma Kgosi Ya Mosadi|Mmamosadinyana]] ba Enyelane ka ngwaga wa 1947. == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|25|13|S| 25|40|E|region:BW_type:city|display=title}} {{Botswana largest cities}} [[Karolo:Mafelo aa nang le batho mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-geo-stub}} == Puso le dikago tsa toropo == Sekolo se segolwane sa Lobatse se mo Lobatse. Lephata la dikgolegelo la Botswana (BPS) le tsamaisa kgolegelo ya Lobatse. [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlakgolo ya ditshekelo ya Botswana]] e na le lekalana mo Lobatse. Go na le kokelo ya malwetse a tlhaloganyo e e itsegeng e le [[Sepatela sa Bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo sa Sbrana|Bookelo jwa Malwetse a Tlhaloganyo jwa Sbrana]] . Toropo e gape ke legae la matlhabelo a [[Botswana Meat Commission]] (BMC) a e leng nngwe a madirelo a matona a go dira nama mo Aforika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lobatse {{!}} Botswana {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lobatse |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Lebala la metshameko la Lobatse]] le le nang le bokgoni jwa manno a le dikete di le masome a mabedi ke legae la ditlhopha tsa metshameko tsa mo gae. == Toropo ya botsala == Lobatse ke lewelana le toropo ya; '''•''' 🇳🇦 [[Walvis Bay, Namibia]] dl06p0zgn1zpasltnpz24sceokcz1vg 52214 52213 2026-07-09T08:30:07Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the section "See also" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347441471|Lobatse]]" 52214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|official_name=Lobatse|other_name=|native_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=|settlement_type=Toropo|motto=|image_skyline=File:My Home Town from a Hilltop , Lobatse.jpg|imagesize=|image_caption=|image_flag=Flag_of_Lobatse.png|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|image_map1=|mapsize1=|map_caption1=|pushpin_map=Botswana <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->|pushpin_label_position=<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->|pushpin_map_caption=|pushpin_mapsize=|subdivision_type=Lefatshe|subdivision_name=[[Botswana]]|subdivision_type1=[[Dikgaolo tsa Botswana|Kgaolo]]|subdivision_name1=|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=|leader_name=|leader_title1=<!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|established_title=|established_date=|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=|unit_pref=<!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|population_as_of=2022|population_footnotes=<ref name="Statistics Botswana - Census 2022 - Population of cities, towns and villages">{{Cite web |title=Statistics Botswana - Census 2022 - Population of cities, towns and villages |url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Population%20of%20Cities%20Towns%20and%20Villages%20%202022.pdf}}</ref>|population_note=|population_total=29772|population_density_km2=|population_density_sq_mi=|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_density_metro_sq_mi=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=|population_blank1=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=|timezone=GMT +2|utc_offset=|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|25|13|S|25|40|E|region:BW|display=inline}}|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> tags-->|elevation_m=1188|elevation_ft=|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|postal_code=|area_code=|blank_name=[[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]|blank_info=[[Semi-arid climate#Hot semi-arid climates|BSh]]|blank1_name=|blank1_info=|website=|footnotes=}} '''Lobatse''' ke toropo e e kwa borwa botlhaba jwa [[Botswana|lefatshe la Botswana]], dikhilomithara di le masome a supa kwa borwa jwa toropo kgolo [[Gaborone|ya Gaborone]], e mo mogorogorong o o tsamaelang kwa bokone o lebile Gaborone le mo molelwaneng le [[Aforika Borwa|Aferika Borwa]] . Lobatse o na le palo ya batho ba le dikete di le masome a mabedi a le boferabongwe le makgolo a le masupa le masome a le bosupa le bobedi (29 772) go ema ka ngwaga wa 2022. Toropo e ke kgaolo ya tsamaiso, e e nang le lekgotla la toropo. ==Ditso== Bangwaketse ke bone batho ba ntlha go aga mo lefelong le mo Botswana, mo le ileng la felela le agilwe ke bone Bangwaketse mo lobakeng lwa dingwaga tse di lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi. Marapo a bogologolo a ntse a teng mo pakeng ya gompieno. Go fitlhelela ka boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966, Botswana o ne a le ka fa tlase ga tshireletso le taolo ya Makgoa ( [[British Protectorate of Bechuanaland]] ) Mafikeng, South Africa ka nako eo e ne e le yone toropo kgolo, godimo ga moo toropokgolo e ne e tshwanetse go nna Lobatse kgotsa Gaborone. Gaborone o ne a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa puso ,fa Lobatse a tlhopiwa e le setilo sa molao. Ka ngwaga wa 1954 barongwa ba koporase ya ditlhabololo ba ne ba aga matlhabelo a Lobatse a gompieno a bidiwang [[Botswana Meat Commission]] . Lobatse o pharologanyo ka tsela ya ntlha mo Botswana, e e dirilweng ka 1958. Ka boipuso kgwedi ya Lwetse a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966, tsela e e neng e na le sekonotere e ne e le dikholomithara tse tlhano fela lefatshe ka bophara mme e le mo Lobatse.E ne e le tsela e e tswang maemelong a terena a Lobatse go ya kwa kgotla tshekelong e e neng agilwe ka mo go kgethegileng morago ga loeto lwa ga kgosi [[George VI]] gape le [[Queen Elizabeth Mma Kgosi Ya Mosadi|Mmamosadinyana]] ba Enyelane ka ngwaga wa 1947. == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|25|13|S| 25|40|E|region:BW_type:city|display=title}} {{Botswana largest cities}} [[Karolo:Mafelo aa nang le batho mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-geo-stub}} == Puso le dikago tsa toropo == Sekolo se segolwane sa Lobatse se mo Lobatse. Lephata la dikgolegelo la Botswana (BPS) le tsamaisa kgolegelo ya Lobatse. [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana|Kgotlakgolo ya ditshekelo ya Botswana]] e na le lekalana mo Lobatse. Go na le kokelo ya malwetse a tlhaloganyo e e itsegeng e le [[Sepatela sa Bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo sa Sbrana|Bookelo jwa Malwetse a Tlhaloganyo jwa Sbrana]] . Toropo e gape ke legae la matlhabelo a [[Botswana Meat Commission]] (BMC) a e leng nngwe a madirelo a matona a go dira nama mo Aforika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lobatse {{!}} Botswana {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lobatse |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Lebala la metshameko la Lobatse]] le le nang le bokgoni jwa manno a le dikete di le masome a mabedi ke legae la ditlhopha tsa metshameko tsa mo gae. == Toropo ya botsala == Lobatse ke lewelana le toropo ya; '''•''' 🇳🇦 [[Walvis Bay, Namibia]] == Bona gape == * [[Railway stations in Botswana|Maemelo a diterena mo Botswana]] * [[Lobatse Airport|Boemadifofane jwa Lobatse]] * [https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/explore/lobatse https://www.bojanala.co.bw/senka/lobatse] mgvqs6mny3lj16efs18k1jrnjqr2i3m 0 3497 52147 52098 2026-07-08T12:10:07Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the section "Geography" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360475990|Tsodilo]]" 52147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} Tsodilo ke sefikantswe sa UNESCO sa lefatshe ka bophara mo bokone-bophirima jwa Botswana. Go ne ga kwalwa ka ga lone ka ngwaga wa 2001 ntateng ya go nna pharologanyo ga lone mo tumeding le botlhokwa jwa tumelo mo go lone ke batho ba motse, gape le palo ya batho e e tshelegelang teng . Lefelo le le nale mantswe a a tlakilweng a ka nna 4,500 mo lefelong go ka nna dikhilomethara tse di lesome mo teng ga sekaka sa Kalahari. ==Tsa popego ya lefatshe== Go nale dithaba tse nne. E e tona mo go tsone tsotlhe ke ya selekanyo sa 1,400 AMSL gape e le mo botlhaba{{coord|18|46|18|S|21|45|15|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}. E ke ntlha e tona mo Botswana. Dithaba tse ka bone jwa tsone go tlhalosiwa e le ya "Monna", e e tona mo go tsone tsotlhe, ya "Mosadi", ya "Ngwana" gape le e ngwe e e sa itsegeng. Go nale lefelo le le laolesegang la bothibelelo fa gare ga dithaba tse, go nale mantlwana a boiteketso le a botlhapelo. A bapile le botlaki jwa letso la Basarwa le le tumileng fa lefelong , le le bidiwang Laurens van der Post Panel. Lefelo le go iwa kwa o lone j=ka tsela e e itekanetseng e e makgabana e e dikhilomethara tse di masome a mane go tsweng kwa Shakawe. Gape mo lefelong la bothibelelo go nale ntlo ya tshomarelo ya ditso. Gape go nale tsela ya ==Botlhokwa jwa ngwao== Dithaba tse ke tse ditona tsa ngwao le tumelo tsa [[Basarwa|ba letso la Sesarwa]] ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba ke lefelo la mewa ya ba ba tlhokafetseng gape ba bo ba dumela gore mewa e e ka baka dingwe dilo tse di sa siamang fa motho a ka tsoma kgotsa baka leso gaufi le dithaba tse. Basarwa ba dumela gore dithaba ke tsone tsa ntlha go tlholwa. Ka nnete e e papametseng , Basarwa ba tlakile matlapa a ka tshwara dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhano (4500) fa go tshwangtshangwa le dithaba tsa Tsodilo, se se dira gore e nne lefelo le le tumileng lefatshe ka bophara. Basarwa ba dirile botaki le fa go nale ba letso la Bantu ba botshelo jwa bone bo farologanang le jwa Basarwa. Nako e e tsepameng tota ya gore matlapa a takilwe leng ga e itsewe le fa go akanyediwa gore e ka tswa e feta dingwaga tse di makgolokgolo a mabedi. Ba letso la Hambukushu ba dumela gore modimo wa bone ebong, Nyambe, o tsentse letso le leruo la bone mo thabeng ya mosadi. Bosupi jo bo tletseng bo bonwa ka dikgato tse di ipadileng mo matlapeng kwa godimo. (Lefoko ''Tsodilo'' le adimilwe mo lefokona la Hambukushu la 'sorile' le le rayang go fapoga.) Mo bokone-bophirima jwa thaba ya mosadi , sekgelenyana kwa godimo go tsweng kwa tlase go nale moepo yo o tladitsweng ka metsi. Metsi a a dumelwa fa a le boitshepo gape batho ba itlhapisa ka one gore ba nne le masego. Lefelo le boitshepo ke le le bapileng le "thaba ya monna, lentswe le letona,kwa go dumelwang gore mowa wa ntlha o ne wa khubama teng go rapela fa o tlhola lefatshe. Basarwa ba santse ba dumela gore o santse o ka bona dikakanyo sa mowa ntlha' le one mangole mo mantsweng. Thaba e e nyenyane ke 'ngwana'. La bofelo, go ya ka tlhamane, thaba ya bone e ne e le mosadi wa thaba ya bone ya monna, yo o motlogetseng go ya kwa go yo monye. ==Matlapa a a tlakilweng== Go ya ka ba UNESCO, go nale matlapa a le 4500 a a tlakilweng mo dithabeng tsa Tsodilo.Bontsi jwa matlapa a a tlakilweng a Basarwa a bonwa thata mo thabeng ya "Mosadi" e e tumileng thata ka botlaki jwa "ditlhapi", "di tshukudu tse pedi" gape le "Tau" mo botlhaba jwa thaba ya "monna". Go nale matlapa a a tlakilweng , mme ga a amana thata le dithaba tse di mabapi. Go nale dikaedi tse di tsentsweng , mme gone botlaki ga bo bonale sentle fela mokaedi yo o rutegileng o ka kgona go go lemogedisa. Ka go rialo baeng ba tlamiwa go tsaya mokaedi wa mo motseng. Se se tlokafatsa itsholelo ya lefatshe mme ebile go bo go sirelediwa lefelo le. == Kitso ka lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le mantswe a matona a le mane. Le le kwa godimo go a feta le na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Mantswe a mane a a tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> A ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go one go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga mantswe a mabedi a a matona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Ba-San mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. == Kitso ka lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le mantswe a mane a matona. Le le kwa godimo go a feta otlhe le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo thata mo Botswana. Mantswe a mane a a tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta otlhe), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", mmogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> A sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go one go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga mantswe a mabedi a matona, le le nang le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Ba-San mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , e e teeletsweng morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. ==Dipadi tse dingwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] q5tahska77izjmvr7sbayzygtowtovs 52148 52147 2026-07-08T12:11:54Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Removed duplicate info 52148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} Tsodilo ke sefikantswe sa UNESCO sa lefatshe ka bophara mo bokone-bophirima jwa Botswana. Go ne ga kwalwa ka ga lone ka ngwaga wa 2001 ntateng ya go nna pharologanyo ga lone mo tumeding le botlhokwa jwa tumelo mo go lone ke batho ba motse, gape le palo ya batho e e tshelegelang teng . Lefelo le le nale mantswe a a tlakilweng a ka nna 4,500 mo lefelong go ka nna dikhilomethara tse di lesome mo teng ga sekaka sa Kalahari. ==Tsa popego ya lefatshe== Go nale dithaba tse nne. E e tona mo go tsone tsotlhe ke ya selekanyo sa 1,400 AMSL gape e le mo botlhaba{{coord|18|46|18|S|21|45|15|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}. E ke ntlha e tona mo Botswana. Dithaba tse ka bone jwa tsone go tlhalosiwa e le ya "Monna", e e tona mo go tsone tsotlhe, ya "Mosadi", ya "Ngwana" gape le e ngwe e e sa itsegeng. Go nale lefelo le le laolesegang la bothibelelo fa gare ga dithaba tse, go nale mantlwana a boiteketso le a botlhapelo. A bapile le botlaki jwa letso la Basarwa le le tumileng fa lefelong , le le bidiwang Laurens van der Post Panel. Lefelo le go iwa kwa o lone j=ka tsela e e itekanetseng e e makgabana e e dikhilomethara tse di masome a mane go tsweng kwa Shakawe. Gape mo lefelong la bothibelelo go nale ntlo ya tshomarelo ya ditso. Gape go nale tsela ya ==Botlhokwa jwa ngwao== Dithaba tse ke tse ditona tsa ngwao le tumelo tsa [[Basarwa|ba letso la Sesarwa]] ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba ke lefelo la mewa ya ba ba tlhokafetseng gape ba bo ba dumela gore mewa e e ka baka dingwe dilo tse di sa siamang fa motho a ka tsoma kgotsa baka leso gaufi le dithaba tse. Basarwa ba dumela gore dithaba ke tsone tsa ntlha go tlholwa. Ka nnete e e papametseng , Basarwa ba tlakile matlapa a ka tshwara dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhano (4500) fa go tshwangtshangwa le dithaba tsa Tsodilo, se se dira gore e nne lefelo le le tumileng lefatshe ka bophara. Basarwa ba dirile botaki le fa go nale ba letso la Bantu ba botshelo jwa bone bo farologanang le jwa Basarwa. Nako e e tsepameng tota ya gore matlapa a takilwe leng ga e itsewe le fa go akanyediwa gore e ka tswa e feta dingwaga tse di makgolokgolo a mabedi. Ba letso la Hambukushu ba dumela gore modimo wa bone ebong, Nyambe, o tsentse letso le leruo la bone mo thabeng ya mosadi. Bosupi jo bo tletseng bo bonwa ka dikgato tse di ipadileng mo matlapeng kwa godimo. (Lefoko ''Tsodilo'' le adimilwe mo lefokona la Hambukushu la 'sorile' le le rayang go fapoga.) Mo bokone-bophirima jwa thaba ya mosadi , sekgelenyana kwa godimo go tsweng kwa tlase go nale moepo yo o tladitsweng ka metsi. Metsi a a dumelwa fa a le boitshepo gape batho ba itlhapisa ka one gore ba nne le masego. Lefelo le boitshepo ke le le bapileng le "thaba ya monna, lentswe le letona,kwa go dumelwang gore mowa wa ntlha o ne wa khubama teng go rapela fa o tlhola lefatshe. Basarwa ba santse ba dumela gore o santse o ka bona dikakanyo sa mowa ntlha' le one mangole mo mantsweng. Thaba e e nyenyane ke 'ngwana'. La bofelo, go ya ka tlhamane, thaba ya bone e ne e le mosadi wa thaba ya bone ya monna, yo o motlogetseng go ya kwa go yo monye. ==Matlapa a a tlakilweng== Go ya ka ba UNESCO, go nale matlapa a le 4500 a a tlakilweng mo dithabeng tsa Tsodilo.Bontsi jwa matlapa a a tlakilweng a Basarwa a bonwa thata mo thabeng ya "Mosadi" e e tumileng thata ka botlaki jwa "ditlhapi", "di tshukudu tse pedi" gape le "Tau" mo botlhaba jwa thaba ya "monna". Go nale matlapa a a tlakilweng , mme ga a amana thata le dithaba tse di mabapi. Go nale dikaedi tse di tsentsweng , mme gone botlaki ga bo bonale sentle fela mokaedi yo o rutegileng o ka kgona go go lemogedisa. Ka go rialo baeng ba tlamiwa go tsaya mokaedi wa mo motseng. Se se tlokafatsa itsholelo ya lefatshe mme ebile go bo go sirelediwa lefelo le. == Kitso ka lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le mantswe a matona a le mane. Le le kwa godimo go a feta le na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Mantswe a mane a a tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> A ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go one go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga mantswe a mabedi a a matona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Ba-San mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. ==Dipadi tse dingwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] m88lnmbnuab7at2swhlbss3hee2ix2f 52149 52148 2026-07-08T12:12:38Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} Tsodilo ke sefikantswe sa UNESCO sa lefatshe ka bophara mo bokone-bophirima jwa Botswana. Go ne ga kwalwa ka ga lone ka ngwaga wa 2001 ntateng ya go nna pharologanyo ga lone mo tumeding le botlhokwa jwa tumelo mo go lone ke batho ba motse, gape le palo ya batho e e tshelegelang teng . Lefelo le le nale mantswe a a tlakilweng a ka nna 4,500 mo lefelong go ka nna dikhilomethara tse di lesome mo teng ga sekaka sa Kalahari. ==Tsa popego ya lefatshe== Go nale dithaba tse nne. E e tona mo go tsone tsotlhe ke ya selekanyo sa 1,400 AMSL gape e le mo botlhaba{{coord|18|46|18|S|21|45|15|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}. E ke ntlha e tona mo Botswana. Dithaba tse ka bone jwa tsone go tlhalosiwa e le ya "Monna", e e tona mo go tsone tsotlhe, ya "Mosadi", ya "Ngwana" gape le e ngwe e e sa itsegeng. Go nale lefelo le le laolesegang la bothibelelo fa gare ga dithaba tse, go nale mantlwana a boiteketso le a botlhapelo. A bapile le botlaki jwa letso la Basarwa le le tumileng fa lefelong , le le bidiwang Laurens van der Post Panel. Lefelo le go iwa kwa o lone j=ka tsela e e itekanetseng e e makgabana e e dikhilomethara tse di masome a mane go tsweng kwa Shakawe. Gape mo lefelong la bothibelelo go nale ntlo ya tshomarelo ya ditso. Gape go nale tsela ya ==Botlhokwa jwa ngwao== Dithaba tse ke tse ditona tsa ngwao le tumelo tsa [[Basarwa|ba letso la Sesarwa]] ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba ke lefelo la mewa ya ba ba tlhokafetseng gape ba bo ba dumela gore mewa e e ka baka dingwe dilo tse di sa siamang fa motho a ka tsoma kgotsa baka leso gaufi le dithaba tse. Basarwa ba dumela gore dithaba ke tsone tsa ntlha go tlholwa. Ka nnete e e papametseng , Basarwa ba tlakile matlapa a ka tshwara dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhano (4500) fa go tshwangtshangwa le dithaba tsa Tsodilo, se se dira gore e nne lefelo le le tumileng lefatshe ka bophara. Basarwa ba dirile botaki le fa go nale ba letso la Bantu ba botshelo jwa bone bo farologanang le jwa Basarwa. Nako e e tsepameng tota ya gore matlapa a takilwe leng ga e itsewe le fa go akanyediwa gore e ka tswa e feta dingwaga tse di makgolokgolo a mabedi. Ba letso la Hambukushu ba dumela gore modimo wa bone ebong, Nyambe, o tsentse letso le leruo la bone mo thabeng ya mosadi. Bosupi jo bo tletseng bo bonwa ka dikgato tse di ipadileng mo matlapeng kwa godimo. (Lefoko ''Tsodilo'' le adimilwe mo lefokona la Hambukushu la 'sorile' le le rayang go fapoga.) Mo bokone-bophirima jwa thaba ya mosadi , sekgelenyana kwa godimo go tsweng kwa tlase go nale moepo yo o tladitsweng ka metsi. Metsi a a dumelwa fa a le boitshepo gape batho ba itlhapisa ka one gore ba nne le masego. Lefelo le boitshepo ke le le bapileng le "thaba ya monna, lentswe le letona,kwa go dumelwang gore mowa wa ntlha o ne wa khubama teng go rapela fa o tlhola lefatshe. Basarwa ba santse ba dumela gore o santse o ka bona dikakanyo sa mowa ntlha' le one mangole mo mantsweng. Thaba e e nyenyane ke 'ngwana'. La bofelo, go ya ka tlhamane, thaba ya bone e ne e le mosadi wa thaba ya bone ya monna, yo o motlogetseng go ya kwa go yo monye. ==Matlapa a a tlakilweng== Go ya ka ba UNESCO, go nale matlapa a le 4500 a a tlakilweng mo dithabeng tsa Tsodilo.Bontsi jwa matlapa a a tlakilweng a Basarwa a bonwa thata mo thabeng ya "Mosadi" e e tumileng thata ka botlaki jwa "ditlhapi", "di tshukudu tse pedi" gape le "Tau" mo botlhaba jwa thaba ya "monna". Go nale matlapa a a tlakilweng , mme ga a amana thata le dithaba tse di mabapi. Go nale dikaedi tse di tsentsweng , mme gone botlaki ga bo bonale sentle fela mokaedi yo o rutegileng o ka kgona go go lemogedisa. Ka go rialo baeng ba tlamiwa go tsaya mokaedi wa mo motseng. Se se tlokafatsa itsholelo ya lefatshe mme ebile go bo go sirelediwa lefelo le. == Kitso ka popego ya lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le mantswe a matona a le mane. Le le kwa godimo go a feta le na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Mantswe a mane a a tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> A ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go one go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga mantswe a mabedi a a matona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Ba-San mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. ==Dipadi tse dingwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] fn3ks7cppujcs9lbeeiddn6erqqkezg 52150 52149 2026-07-08T12:13:58Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} Tsodilo ke sefikantswe sa UNESCO sa lefatshe ka bophara mo bokone-bophirima jwa Botswana. Go ne ga kwalwa ka ga lone ka ngwaga wa 2001 ntateng ya go nna pharologanyo ga lone mo tumeding le botlhokwa jwa tumelo mo go lone ke batho ba motse, gape le palo ya batho e e tshelegelang teng . Lefelo le le nale mantswe a a tlakilweng a ka nna 4,500 mo lefelong go ka nna dikhilomethara tse di lesome mo teng ga sekaka sa Kalahari. ==Botlhokwa jwa ngwao== Dithaba tse ke tse ditona tsa ngwao le tumelo tsa [[Basarwa|ba letso la Sesarwa]] ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba ke lefelo la mewa ya ba ba tlhokafetseng gape ba bo ba dumela gore mewa e e ka baka dingwe dilo tse di sa siamang fa motho a ka tsoma kgotsa baka leso gaufi le dithaba tse. Basarwa ba dumela gore dithaba ke tsone tsa ntlha go tlholwa. Ka nnete e e papametseng , Basarwa ba tlakile matlapa a ka tshwara dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhano (4500) fa go tshwangtshangwa le dithaba tsa Tsodilo, se se dira gore e nne lefelo le le tumileng lefatshe ka bophara. Basarwa ba dirile botaki le fa go nale ba letso la Bantu ba botshelo jwa bone bo farologanang le jwa Basarwa. Nako e e tsepameng tota ya gore matlapa a takilwe leng ga e itsewe le fa go akanyediwa gore e ka tswa e feta dingwaga tse di makgolokgolo a mabedi. Ba letso la Hambukushu ba dumela gore modimo wa bone ebong, Nyambe, o tsentse letso le leruo la bone mo thabeng ya mosadi. Bosupi jo bo tletseng bo bonwa ka dikgato tse di ipadileng mo matlapeng kwa godimo. (Lefoko ''Tsodilo'' le adimilwe mo lefokona la Hambukushu la 'sorile' le le rayang go fapoga.) Mo bokone-bophirima jwa thaba ya mosadi , sekgelenyana kwa godimo go tsweng kwa tlase go nale moepo yo o tladitsweng ka metsi. Metsi a a dumelwa fa a le boitshepo gape batho ba itlhapisa ka one gore ba nne le masego. Lefelo le boitshepo ke le le bapileng le "thaba ya monna, lentswe le letona,kwa go dumelwang gore mowa wa ntlha o ne wa khubama teng go rapela fa o tlhola lefatshe. Basarwa ba santse ba dumela gore o santse o ka bona dikakanyo sa mowa ntlha' le one mangole mo mantsweng. Thaba e e nyenyane ke 'ngwana'. La bofelo, go ya ka tlhamane, thaba ya bone e ne e le mosadi wa thaba ya bone ya monna, yo o motlogetseng go ya kwa go yo monye. ==Matlapa a a tlakilweng== Go ya ka ba UNESCO, go nale matlapa a le 4500 a a tlakilweng mo dithabeng tsa Tsodilo.Bontsi jwa matlapa a a tlakilweng a Basarwa a bonwa thata mo thabeng ya "Mosadi" e e tumileng thata ka botlaki jwa "ditlhapi", "di tshukudu tse pedi" gape le "Tau" mo botlhaba jwa thaba ya "monna". Go nale matlapa a a tlakilweng , mme ga a amana thata le dithaba tse di mabapi. Go nale dikaedi tse di tsentsweng , mme gone botlaki ga bo bonale sentle fela mokaedi yo o rutegileng o ka kgona go go lemogedisa. Ka go rialo baeng ba tlamiwa go tsaya mokaedi wa mo motseng. Se se tlokafatsa itsholelo ya lefatshe mme ebile go bo go sirelediwa lefelo le. == Kitso ka popego ya lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le mantswe a matona a le mane. Le le kwa godimo go a feta le na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Mantswe a mane a a tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> A ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go one go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga mantswe a mabedi a a matona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Ba-San mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. ==Dipadi tse dingwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] 6w47ujwdiicvqaxhdb0ckkuez8wumhz 52151 52150 2026-07-08T12:18:54Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 /* Kitso ka popego ya lefelo */ 52151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} Tsodilo ke sefikantswe sa UNESCO sa lefatshe ka bophara mo bokone-bophirima jwa Botswana. Go ne ga kwalwa ka ga lone ka ngwaga wa 2001 ntateng ya go nna pharologanyo ga lone mo tumeding le botlhokwa jwa tumelo mo go lone ke batho ba motse, gape le palo ya batho e e tshelegelang teng . Lefelo le le nale mantswe a a tlakilweng a ka nna 4,500 mo lefelong go ka nna dikhilomethara tse di lesome mo teng ga sekaka sa Kalahari. ==Botlhokwa jwa ngwao== Dithaba tse ke tse ditona tsa ngwao le tumelo tsa [[Basarwa|ba letso la Sesarwa]] ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba ke lefelo la mewa ya ba ba tlhokafetseng gape ba bo ba dumela gore mewa e e ka baka dingwe dilo tse di sa siamang fa motho a ka tsoma kgotsa baka leso gaufi le dithaba tse. Basarwa ba dumela gore dithaba ke tsone tsa ntlha go tlholwa. Ka nnete e e papametseng , Basarwa ba tlakile matlapa a ka tshwara dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhano (4500) fa go tshwangtshangwa le dithaba tsa Tsodilo, se se dira gore e nne lefelo le le tumileng lefatshe ka bophara. Basarwa ba dirile botaki le fa go nale ba letso la Bantu ba botshelo jwa bone bo farologanang le jwa Basarwa. Nako e e tsepameng tota ya gore matlapa a takilwe leng ga e itsewe le fa go akanyediwa gore e ka tswa e feta dingwaga tse di makgolokgolo a mabedi. Ba letso la Hambukushu ba dumela gore modimo wa bone ebong, Nyambe, o tsentse letso le leruo la bone mo thabeng ya mosadi. Bosupi jo bo tletseng bo bonwa ka dikgato tse di ipadileng mo matlapeng kwa godimo. (Lefoko ''Tsodilo'' le adimilwe mo lefokona la Hambukushu la 'sorile' le le rayang go fapoga.) Mo bokone-bophirima jwa thaba ya mosadi , sekgelenyana kwa godimo go tsweng kwa tlase go nale moepo yo o tladitsweng ka metsi. Metsi a a dumelwa fa a le boitshepo gape batho ba itlhapisa ka one gore ba nne le masego. Lefelo le boitshepo ke le le bapileng le "thaba ya monna, lentswe le letona,kwa go dumelwang gore mowa wa ntlha o ne wa khubama teng go rapela fa o tlhola lefatshe. Basarwa ba santse ba dumela gore o santse o ka bona dikakanyo sa mowa ntlha' le one mangole mo mantsweng. Thaba e e nyenyane ke 'ngwana'. La bofelo, go ya ka tlhamane, thaba ya bone e ne e le mosadi wa thaba ya bone ya monna, yo o motlogetseng go ya kwa go yo monye. ==Matlapa a a tlakilweng== Go ya ka ba UNESCO, go nale matlapa a le 4500 a a tlakilweng mo dithabeng tsa Tsodilo.Bontsi jwa matlapa a a tlakilweng a Basarwa a bonwa thata mo thabeng ya "Mosadi" e e tumileng thata ka botlaki jwa "ditlhapi", "di tshukudu tse pedi" gape le "Tau" mo botlhaba jwa thaba ya "monna". Go nale matlapa a a tlakilweng , mme ga a amana thata le dithaba tse di mabapi. Go nale dikaedi tse di tsentsweng , mme gone botlaki ga bo bonale sentle fela mokaedi yo o rutegileng o ka kgona go go lemogedisa. Ka go rialo baeng ba tlamiwa go tsaya mokaedi wa mo motseng. Se se tlokafatsa itsholelo ya lefatshe mme ebile go bo go sirelediwa lefelo le. == Kitso ka popego ya lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le dithaba tse ditona di le nne. E e kwa godimo go di feta e na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Dithaba tse nne tse di tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> Di ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go tsone go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga dithaba tse pedi tse di tona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Ba-San mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. ==Dipadi tse dingwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] svt40ep9b0ixqryga131amjqrv99mer 52152 52151 2026-07-08T12:27:35Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the section "__LEAD_SECTION__" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360475990|Tsodilo]]" 52152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} Tsodilo ke sefikantswe sa UNESCO sa lefatshe ka bophara mo bokone-bophirima jwa Botswana. Go ne ga kwalwa ka ga lone ka ngwaga wa 2001 ntateng ya go nna pharologanyo ga lone mo tumeding le botlhokwa jwa tumelo mo go lone ke batho ba motse, gape le palo ya batho e e tshelegelang teng . Lefelo le le nale mantswe a a tlakilweng a ka nna 4,500 mo lefelong go ka nna dikhilomethara tse di lesome mo teng ga sekaka sa Kalahari. '''Dithaba Tsa Tsodilo''' ( {{Langx|tn|Lefelo la Tsodilo}} ) ke Lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe Lotlhe la UNESCO ( WHS ), le le nang le botaki jwa matlapa, mafelo a a sireletsegileng a matlapa, dikhuti le magaga mo [[Botswana]], kwa Borwa jwa Aforika . Le ne la tsenngwa lantlha mo lenaneong la WHS ka 2001 ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa lone jo bo kgethegileng jwa bodumedi le bokao jwa tsa semoya mo bathong ba lefelo le, ga mmogo le kgatiso ya yone e e kgethegileng ya go nna ga batho teng mo dingwageng di le sekete tse dintsi. [[UNESCO]] e akanyetsa gore go na le ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo mantsweng tse di fetang dikete di le nne le makgolo a le matlhano mo lefelong le. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thebe |first=Phenyo |title=Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo Hills |url=https://www.academia.edu/4460523}}</ref> Lefelo le le na le dithaba di le mmalwa tse dikgolo tse di bidiwang Thaba ya Ngwana, Thaba ya Mosadi le Thaba ya Monna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> ==Botlhokwa jwa ngwao== Dithaba tse ke tse ditona tsa ngwao le tumelo tsa [[Basarwa|ba letso la Sesarwa]] ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba ke lefelo la mewa ya ba ba tlhokafetseng gape ba bo ba dumela gore mewa e e ka baka dingwe dilo tse di sa siamang fa motho a ka tsoma kgotsa baka leso gaufi le dithaba tse. Basarwa ba dumela gore dithaba ke tsone tsa ntlha go tlholwa. Ka nnete e e papametseng , Basarwa ba tlakile matlapa a ka tshwara dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhano (4500) fa go tshwangtshangwa le dithaba tsa Tsodilo, se se dira gore e nne lefelo le le tumileng lefatshe ka bophara. Basarwa ba dirile botaki le fa go nale ba letso la Bantu ba botshelo jwa bone bo farologanang le jwa Basarwa. Nako e e tsepameng tota ya gore matlapa a takilwe leng ga e itsewe le fa go akanyediwa gore e ka tswa e feta dingwaga tse di makgolokgolo a mabedi. Ba letso la Hambukushu ba dumela gore modimo wa bone ebong, Nyambe, o tsentse letso le leruo la bone mo thabeng ya mosadi. Bosupi jo bo tletseng bo bonwa ka dikgato tse di ipadileng mo matlapeng kwa godimo. (Lefoko ''Tsodilo'' le adimilwe mo lefokona la Hambukushu la 'sorile' le le rayang go fapoga.) Mo bokone-bophirima jwa thaba ya mosadi , sekgelenyana kwa godimo go tsweng kwa tlase go nale moepo yo o tladitsweng ka metsi. Metsi a a dumelwa fa a le boitshepo gape batho ba itlhapisa ka one gore ba nne le masego. Lefelo le boitshepo ke le le bapileng le "thaba ya monna, lentswe le letona,kwa go dumelwang gore mowa wa ntlha o ne wa khubama teng go rapela fa o tlhola lefatshe. Basarwa ba santse ba dumela gore o santse o ka bona dikakanyo sa mowa ntlha' le one mangole mo mantsweng. Thaba e e nyenyane ke 'ngwana'. La bofelo, go ya ka tlhamane, thaba ya bone e ne e le mosadi wa thaba ya bone ya monna, yo o motlogetseng go ya kwa go yo monye. ==Matlapa a a tlakilweng== Go ya ka ba UNESCO, go nale matlapa a le 4500 a a tlakilweng mo dithabeng tsa Tsodilo.Bontsi jwa matlapa a a tlakilweng a Basarwa a bonwa thata mo thabeng ya "Mosadi" e e tumileng thata ka botlaki jwa "ditlhapi", "di tshukudu tse pedi" gape le "Tau" mo botlhaba jwa thaba ya "monna". Go nale matlapa a a tlakilweng , mme ga a amana thata le dithaba tse di mabapi. Go nale dikaedi tse di tsentsweng , mme gone botlaki ga bo bonale sentle fela mokaedi yo o rutegileng o ka kgona go go lemogedisa. Ka go rialo baeng ba tlamiwa go tsaya mokaedi wa mo motseng. Se se tlokafatsa itsholelo ya lefatshe mme ebile go bo go sirelediwa lefelo le. == Kitso ka popego ya lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le dithaba tse ditona di le nne. E e kwa godimo go di feta e na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Dithaba tse nne tse di tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> Di ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go tsone go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga dithaba tse pedi tse di tona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Ba-San mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. ==Dipadi tse dingwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] bw0p880uyidstzcq6mdiekbcgcgiqy9 52153 52152 2026-07-08T12:31:05Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 /* */ 52153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} '''Dithaba Tsa Tsodilo''' ( {{Langx|tn|Lefelo la Tsodilo}} ) ke Lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe Lotlhe la UNESCO ( WHS ), le le nang le botaki jwa matlapa, mafelo a a sireletsegileng a matlapa, dikhuti le magaga mo [[Botswana]], kwa Borwa jwa Aforika . Le ne la tsenngwa lantlha mo lenaneong la WHS ka 2001 ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa lone jo bo kgethegileng jwa bodumedi le bokao jwa tsa semoya mo bathong ba lefelo le, ga mmogo le kgatiso ya yone e e kgethegileng ya go nna ga batho teng mo dingwageng di le sekete tse dintsi. [[UNESCO]] e akanyetsa gore go na le ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo mantsweng tse di fetang dikete di le nne le makgolo a le matlhano mo lefelong le. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thebe |first=Phenyo |title=Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo Hills |url=https://www.academia.edu/4460523}}</ref> Lefelo le le na le dithaba di le mmalwa tse dikgolo tse di bidiwang Thaba ya Ngwana, Thaba ya Mosadi le Thaba ya Monna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> ==Botlhokwa jwa ngwao== Dithaba tse ke tse ditona tsa ngwao le tumelo tsa [[Basarwa|ba letso la Sesarwa]] ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba ke lefelo la mewa ya ba ba tlhokafetseng gape ba bo ba dumela gore mewa e e ka baka dingwe dilo tse di sa siamang fa motho a ka tsoma kgotsa baka leso gaufi le dithaba tse. Basarwa ba dumela gore dithaba ke tsone tsa ntlha go tlholwa. Ka nnete e e papametseng , Basarwa ba tlakile matlapa a ka tshwara dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhano (4500) fa go tshwangtshangwa le dithaba tsa Tsodilo, se se dira gore e nne lefelo le le tumileng lefatshe ka bophara. Basarwa ba dirile botaki le fa go nale ba letso la Bantu ba botshelo jwa bone bo farologanang le jwa Basarwa. Nako e e tsepameng tota ya gore matlapa a takilwe leng ga e itsewe le fa go akanyediwa gore e ka tswa e feta dingwaga tse di makgolokgolo a mabedi. Ba letso la Hambukushu ba dumela gore modimo wa bone ebong, Nyambe, o tsentse letso le leruo la bone mo thabeng ya mosadi. Bosupi jo bo tletseng bo bonwa ka dikgato tse di ipadileng mo matlapeng kwa godimo. (Lefoko ''Tsodilo'' le adimilwe mo lefokona la Hambukushu la 'sorile' le le rayang go fapoga.) Mo bokone-bophirima jwa thaba ya mosadi , sekgelenyana kwa godimo go tsweng kwa tlase go nale moepo yo o tladitsweng ka metsi. Metsi a a dumelwa fa a le boitshepo gape batho ba itlhapisa ka one gore ba nne le masego. Lefelo le boitshepo ke le le bapileng le "thaba ya monna, lentswe le letona,kwa go dumelwang gore mowa wa ntlha o ne wa khubama teng go rapela fa o tlhola lefatshe. Basarwa ba santse ba dumela gore o santse o ka bona dikakanyo sa mowa ntlha' le one mangole mo mantsweng. Thaba e e nyenyane ke 'ngwana'. La bofelo, go ya ka tlhamane, thaba ya bone e ne e le mosadi wa thaba ya bone ya monna, yo o motlogetseng go ya kwa go yo monye. ==Matlapa a a tlakilweng== Go ya ka ba UNESCO, go nale matlapa a le 4500 a a tlakilweng mo dithabeng tsa Tsodilo.Bontsi jwa matlapa a a tlakilweng a Basarwa a bonwa thata mo thabeng ya "Mosadi" e e tumileng thata ka botlaki jwa "ditlhapi", "di tshukudu tse pedi" gape le "Tau" mo botlhaba jwa thaba ya "monna". Go nale matlapa a a tlakilweng , mme ga a amana thata le dithaba tse di mabapi. Go nale dikaedi tse di tsentsweng , mme gone botlaki ga bo bonale sentle fela mokaedi yo o rutegileng o ka kgona go go lemogedisa. Ka go rialo baeng ba tlamiwa go tsaya mokaedi wa mo motseng. Se se tlokafatsa itsholelo ya lefatshe mme ebile go bo go sirelediwa lefelo le. == Kitso ka popego ya lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le dithaba tse ditona di le nne. E e kwa godimo go di feta e na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Dithaba tse nne tse di tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> Di ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go tsone go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga dithaba tse pedi tse di tona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Ba-San mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. ==Dipadi tse dingwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] q9nmbrs9kp7qrsg2aii16rlfs31sekb 52161 52153 2026-07-08T14:30:11Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the section "Archaeology" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360475990|Tsodilo]]" 52161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} '''Dithaba Tsa Tsodilo''' ( {{Langx|tn|Lefelo la Tsodilo}} ) ke Lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe Lotlhe la UNESCO ( WHS ), le le nang le botaki jwa matlapa, mafelo a a sireletsegileng a matlapa, dikhuti le magaga mo [[Botswana]], kwa Borwa jwa Aforika . Le ne la tsenngwa lantlha mo lenaneong la WHS ka 2001 ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa lone jo bo kgethegileng jwa bodumedi le bokao jwa tsa semoya mo bathong ba lefelo le, ga mmogo le kgatiso ya yone e e kgethegileng ya go nna ga batho teng mo dingwageng di le sekete tse dintsi. [[UNESCO]] e akanyetsa gore go na le ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo mantsweng tse di fetang dikete di le nne le makgolo a le matlhano mo lefelong le. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thebe |first=Phenyo |title=Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo Hills |url=https://www.academia.edu/4460523}}</ref> Lefelo le le na le dithaba di le mmalwa tse dikgolo tse di bidiwang Thaba ya Ngwana, Thaba ya Mosadi le Thaba ya Monna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> ==Botlhokwa jwa ngwao== Dithaba tse ke tse ditona tsa ngwao le tumelo tsa [[Basarwa|ba letso la Sesarwa]] ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba ke lefelo la mewa ya ba ba tlhokafetseng gape ba bo ba dumela gore mewa e e ka baka dingwe dilo tse di sa siamang fa motho a ka tsoma kgotsa baka leso gaufi le dithaba tse. Basarwa ba dumela gore dithaba ke tsone tsa ntlha go tlholwa. Ka nnete e e papametseng , Basarwa ba tlakile matlapa a ka tshwara dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhano (4500) fa go tshwangtshangwa le dithaba tsa Tsodilo, se se dira gore e nne lefelo le le tumileng lefatshe ka bophara. Basarwa ba dirile botaki le fa go nale ba letso la Bantu ba botshelo jwa bone bo farologanang le jwa Basarwa. Nako e e tsepameng tota ya gore matlapa a takilwe leng ga e itsewe le fa go akanyediwa gore e ka tswa e feta dingwaga tse di makgolokgolo a mabedi. Ba letso la Hambukushu ba dumela gore modimo wa bone ebong, Nyambe, o tsentse letso le leruo la bone mo thabeng ya mosadi. Bosupi jo bo tletseng bo bonwa ka dikgato tse di ipadileng mo matlapeng kwa godimo. (Lefoko ''Tsodilo'' le adimilwe mo lefokona la Hambukushu la 'sorile' le le rayang go fapoga.) Mo bokone-bophirima jwa thaba ya mosadi , sekgelenyana kwa godimo go tsweng kwa tlase go nale moepo yo o tladitsweng ka metsi. Metsi a a dumelwa fa a le boitshepo gape batho ba itlhapisa ka one gore ba nne le masego. Lefelo le boitshepo ke le le bapileng le "thaba ya monna, lentswe le letona,kwa go dumelwang gore mowa wa ntlha o ne wa khubama teng go rapela fa o tlhola lefatshe. Basarwa ba santse ba dumela gore o santse o ka bona dikakanyo sa mowa ntlha' le one mangole mo mantsweng. Thaba e e nyenyane ke 'ngwana'. La bofelo, go ya ka tlhamane, thaba ya bone e ne e le mosadi wa thaba ya bone ya monna, yo o motlogetseng go ya kwa go yo monye. ==Matlapa a a tlakilweng== Go ya ka ba UNESCO, go nale matlapa a le 4500 a a tlakilweng mo dithabeng tsa Tsodilo.Bontsi jwa matlapa a a tlakilweng a Basarwa a bonwa thata mo thabeng ya "Mosadi" e e tumileng thata ka botlaki jwa "ditlhapi", "di tshukudu tse pedi" gape le "Tau" mo botlhaba jwa thaba ya "monna". Go nale matlapa a a tlakilweng , mme ga a amana thata le dithaba tse di mabapi. Go nale dikaedi tse di tsentsweng , mme gone botlaki ga bo bonale sentle fela mokaedi yo o rutegileng o ka kgona go go lemogedisa. Ka go rialo baeng ba tlamiwa go tsaya mokaedi wa mo motseng. Se se tlokafatsa itsholelo ya lefatshe mme ebile go bo go sirelediwa lefelo le. == Kitso ka popego ya lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le dithaba tse ditona di le nne. E e kwa godimo go di feta e na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Dithaba tse nne tse di tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> Di ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go tsone go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga dithaba tse pedi tse di tona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Ba-San mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. == Thuto ka matlapa == [[File:Laurens_van_der_Post_Panel.jpg|left|thumb|Phanele ya Laurens van der, 2006]] Batho ba dirisitse mantswe a dithaba tsa Tsodilo go taka le go dira meletlo dingwaga di le diketekete. Palo kakanyetso ya [[UNESCO]] e supa fa dithaba tse di na le mafelo a le makgolo a le matlhano a a ikemetseng ka bongwe a a kayang dingwaga di le diketekete tsa bonno jwa batho. Botaki jwa matlapa mo dithabeng tse bo ile jwa golaganngwa le batsomi ba ba bapalang ba lefelo le. Go dumelwa gore Badimo ba ba [[Basarwa|San]] ba takile dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng kwa Tsodilo, mme gape e ne e le bone ba ba neng ba tla ba nna mo magageng le mo mantsweng. Go na le bosupi jwa gore batho ba Bantu ke beng ne ba ditiro dingwe tsa botaki kwa dithabeng tse. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di ile tsa supiwa gore di ne di le teng dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le bone pele ga gompieno. === Logaga lwa Tshukudu === [[Rhino Cave|Logaga lwa Tshukudu]] lo kwa ntlheng ya Bokone jwa Thaba ya Mosadi mme le na le mabota a mabedi a matona kwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng di leng teng. Setshwantsho sa Tshukudu e Tshweu ( se logaga lo reeletsweng morago ga sone ) se mo leboteng le le kwa bokone, mme se kgaogantswe ke setshwantsho se sengwe sa Thutlwa . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Fa go ne go epiwa bodilo jwa logaga go ne ga fitlhelwa dilo tse dintsi tsa matlapa. Logaga lo ga lo na kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, dilo tsa marapo tse di dirilweng ka diatla, mmopa kgotsa tshipi, fela go ne go na le dikarolwana di le mmalwa tsa kgapetlana ya mongongo tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tsa Motlha wa Letlapa wa Moragonyana . <ref name="rhino" /> [[File:Giraffe_Rock_Art_Painting_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Botaki jwa Thutlwa mo Letlapeng: Dithaba tsa Tsodilo]] Magala a a fitlhetsweng ka nako ya go epa a ile a bewa gore ke a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Aforika, Motlha wa Leje la Moragonyana (LSA), le Motlha wa Leje la Bogare (MSA). Bontsi jwa dilo tsa mantswe tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa kwa LSA di ne di dirilwe ka didirisiwa tsa lefelo le jaaka quartz le jasper. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dilo tsa MSA tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa mo logageng ke dintlha tsa porojekethaele tse di baakantsweng. Dintlha tse di tlwaelesegile go fitlhelwa mo dikgatong tse di farologaneng tsa go dirwa, tse dingwe di tlogetswe di sa felelela mme tse dingwe di feditswe. <ref name="rhino" /> Ditshwantsho tsa Logaga lwa Tshukudu di fitlhelwa thata mo leboteng la Bokone, mme di pentilwe ka mmala o mohibidu kgotsa o mohibidu-wa namune, ntle le tshukudu e e neng e pentilwe ka bosweu. Go dikologa tshukudu le thutlwa go na le ditshwantsho tse di farologaneng, bontsi jwa tsone di le bohibidu, tsa jiomethirikisi. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Mo leboteng le le bapileng le lone, logaga lo na le mesima le dikhuti tse di epilweng mo lentsweng. E ka tswa e epilwe ka go dirisa matlapa a a epang kgotsa matlapa a a silang go tswa mo pakeng ya LSA, a a fitlhetsweng kwa Tsodilo. <ref name="rhino" /> === Ditshwantsho Tse Di Tshweu === [[File:Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|right|thumb|Papiso ya Botaki jwa Mantswe a Mahibidu le a Masweu kwa Tsodilo]] Botaki jwa letlapa jwa mmala o mosweu kwa Tsodilo bo amanngwa le merafe ya Bantu . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRobbinsMurphyCampbellBrook1996">Robbins, Lawrence; Murphy, Michael; Campbell, Alec; Brook, George (1996). "Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''28''': <span class="nowrap">23–</span>45. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980131 40980131].</cite></ref> Bontsi jwa ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di fitlhelwa mo Lefelong la White Paintings le le biditsweng go tsamaelana, le le mo Thabeng ya Monna. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu mo lefelong le la tshireletso, gape.) Ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di supa diphologolo, tsa mo gae le tsa naga, ga mmogo le ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng go tswana le batho. <ref name="wps" /> Ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng jaaka batho gantsi di pentiwa di beile diatla mo dinokeng. Bonnye tsa tsone di supa batho ba palame dipitse, se se kayang gore tse di ne di pentilwe e seng pele ga bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800, fa dipitse di ne di tsisiwa la ntlha mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> Tse di tserweng mo magaleng, kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, disampole tsa marapo le masalela di ne di supa dingwaga go simolola ka MSA go ya go LSA. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le bosupi gape jwa gore lefelo le le ne le dirisiwa ka nako ya ditso: konopo ya nylon le dibaga tsa galase tsa Yuropa di ne tsa fitlhelwa mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo mo mesimeng e e epilweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> ) Masalela a LSA a ne a akaretsa matlapa a a epang le matlapa a go sila, mmogo le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa marapo le matlapa a mannye. Maphatlo a tsa tse di dirilweng ka letsopa, dibaga tsa dikgapetlana tsa mae a ntŝhe le dikgapetlana tsa mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa. <ref name="wps" /> Masalela a tsa MSA a ne akaretsa matlapa a a segang mmogo le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa matlapa. === Ditshwantsho tse di Khibidu === [[File:Animals_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Diphologolo tsa botaki jwa matlapa]] Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di na le botaki jo bontsintsi jwa letlapa le lehibidu; bo ka bonwa mo lefelong lotlhe. Kwa Logageng la Tshukudu, ditshwantsho dingwe tse dikhibidu di lebega di le bogologolo go feta tshukudu e tshweu. Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng tse dikhibidu fa, le go dikologa Tsodilo, di bolelwa gore ke tsa [[Basarwa|batho ba San]] . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> === Lefelo la Depression Rock (lentswe le le kwa tlase) === [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings1.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se sehibidu sa tshukudu]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings4.jpg|right|thumb|Ditshukudu le sebopego se se tshwanang le kgomo]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings5.jpg|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng ka bohibidu jo bo nyeletseng kwa Tsodilo]] Le fitlhelwa ka fa letlhakoreng la bokonebophirima jwa Thaba ya Mosadi, lefelo le le tsere leina la lone go tswa mo dikhuting tse di epilweng mo maboteng a lefelo le. Matshwao a a patilwe ke ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu tse go lebegang e le dikgomo, gammogo le ditshwantsho tsa jiomethiri. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Lefelo le la tshireletso ya matlapa, le le supiwang dinako tsa lone go tswa mo disampoleng tsa magala, go ne ga nniwa lantlha mo go lone mo dingwageng di ka nna bonnye jwa dikete di le masome a le mararo tse di fetileng. <ref name="depression" /> Go epilwe didirisiwa tsa matlapa tsa LSA le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa Motlha wa Tshipi. Dilo tsa letsopa tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tse di kwa teng thata di ne tsa supiwa e le tsa lekgolo la ntlha la dingwaga , mme di amana le dilo tsa bogologolo thata tsa matlapa tse di fitlhetsweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Dikgapetlana tsa manoko a Mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa mo masaleleng a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le dikarolo tse di kwa teng thata, se se dirang gore e nne manoko a mongongo a bogologolo go gaisa a a kileng a bonwa mo go tsotlhe tsa go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. <ref name="depression" /> === Thuto ya tshipi === Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di dirilwe ke mafelo a le mmalwa a go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. Mafelo a le mabedi mo go a, a a itsegeng jaaka [[Divuyu]] le [[Nqoma]], a na le bosupi jwa dilo tsa tshipi tsa Motlha wa Pele wa Tshipi <ref name="metal">{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Duncan |last2=van der Merwe |first2=Nikolaas |date=1994 |title=Early Iron Age Metal Working at the Tsodilo Hills, Northwestern Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=101–115 |bibcode=1994JArSc..21..101M |doi=10.1006/jasc.1994.1011}}</ref> Tse di epolotsweng mo mafelong a mabedi a di ne di na le dikarolwana tsa didirisiwa tsa tshipi, tsotlhe di dirilwe ka tshipi le/kgotsa kopore. Dikarolo tsa makgabisa e ne e le tsa dibaga, , dikeetane le manyena mme didirisiwa di ne di akaretsa di- chesele, di- projectile le metswi ya digai, le magare tota. <ref name="metal" /> Mafelo a mabedi a a tswana ka maranyane a go dira didirisiwa di, mme a na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya go bereka tshipi. Slag le tuyères di lebega di supa gore Divuyu le Nqoma e ka tswa e ne e le mafelo a go nyerolosa tshipi, mme se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafelo a le mmalwa a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Pele mo borwa jwa Afrika a a nang le bosupi jwa go dira tshipi. <ref name="metal" /> ==Dipadi tse dingwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] igg7488irgc2ltf4yoe0c345avuhj1i 52162 52161 2026-07-08T14:31:50Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 /* */ 52162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} '''Dithaba Tsa Tsodilo''' ( {{Langx|tn|Lefelo la Tsodilo}} ) ke Lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe Lotlhe la UNESCO ( WHS ), le le nang le botaki jwa matlapa, mafelo a a sireletsegileng a matlapa, dikhuti le magaga mo [[Botswana]], kwa Borwa jwa Aforika . Le ne la tsenngwa lantlha mo lenaneong la WHS ka 2001 ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa lone jo bo kgethegileng jwa bodumedi le bokao jwa tsa semoya mo bathong ba lefelo le, ga mmogo le kgatiso ya lone e e kgethegileng ya go nna ga batho teng mo dingwageng di le sekete tse dintsi. [[UNESCO]] e akanyetsa gore go na le ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo mantsweng tse di fetang dikete di le nne le makgolo a le matlhano mo lefelong le. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thebe |first=Phenyo |title=Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo Hills |url=https://www.academia.edu/4460523}}</ref> Lefelo le le na le dithaba di le mmalwa tse dikgolo tse di bidiwang Thaba ya Ngwana, Thaba ya Mosadi le Thaba ya Monna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> ==Botlhokwa jwa ngwao== Dithaba tse ke tse ditona tsa ngwao le tumelo tsa [[Basarwa|ba letso la Sesarwa]] ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba ke lefelo la mewa ya ba ba tlhokafetseng gape ba bo ba dumela gore mewa e e ka baka dingwe dilo tse di sa siamang fa motho a ka tsoma kgotsa baka leso gaufi le dithaba tse. Basarwa ba dumela gore dithaba ke tsone tsa ntlha go tlholwa. Ka nnete e e papametseng , Basarwa ba tlakile matlapa a ka tshwara dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhano (4500) fa go tshwangtshangwa le dithaba tsa Tsodilo, se se dira gore e nne lefelo le le tumileng lefatshe ka bophara. Basarwa ba dirile botaki le fa go nale ba letso la Bantu ba botshelo jwa bone bo farologanang le jwa Basarwa. Nako e e tsepameng tota ya gore matlapa a takilwe leng ga e itsewe le fa go akanyediwa gore e ka tswa e feta dingwaga tse di makgolokgolo a mabedi. Ba letso la Hambukushu ba dumela gore modimo wa bone ebong, Nyambe, o tsentse letso le leruo la bone mo thabeng ya mosadi. Bosupi jo bo tletseng bo bonwa ka dikgato tse di ipadileng mo matlapeng kwa godimo. (Lefoko ''Tsodilo'' le adimilwe mo lefokona la Hambukushu la 'sorile' le le rayang go fapoga.) Mo bokone-bophirima jwa thaba ya mosadi , sekgelenyana kwa godimo go tsweng kwa tlase go nale moepo yo o tladitsweng ka metsi. Metsi a a dumelwa fa a le boitshepo gape batho ba itlhapisa ka one gore ba nne le masego. Lefelo le boitshepo ke le le bapileng le "thaba ya monna, lentswe le letona,kwa go dumelwang gore mowa wa ntlha o ne wa khubama teng go rapela fa o tlhola lefatshe. Basarwa ba santse ba dumela gore o santse o ka bona dikakanyo sa mowa ntlha' le one mangole mo mantsweng. Thaba e e nyenyane ke 'ngwana'. La bofelo, go ya ka tlhamane, thaba ya bone e ne e le mosadi wa thaba ya bone ya monna, yo o motlogetseng go ya kwa go yo monye. ==Matlapa a a tlakilweng== Go ya ka ba UNESCO, go nale matlapa a le 4500 a a tlakilweng mo dithabeng tsa Tsodilo.Bontsi jwa matlapa a a tlakilweng a Basarwa a bonwa thata mo thabeng ya "Mosadi" e e tumileng thata ka botlaki jwa "ditlhapi", "di tshukudu tse pedi" gape le "Tau" mo botlhaba jwa thaba ya "monna". Go nale matlapa a a tlakilweng , mme ga a amana thata le dithaba tse di mabapi. Go nale dikaedi tse di tsentsweng , mme gone botlaki ga bo bonale sentle fela mokaedi yo o rutegileng o ka kgona go go lemogedisa. Ka go rialo baeng ba tlamiwa go tsaya mokaedi wa mo motseng. Se se tlokafatsa itsholelo ya lefatshe mme ebile go bo go sirelediwa lefelo le. == Kitso ka popego ya lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le dithaba tse ditona di le nne. E e kwa godimo go di feta e na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Dithaba tse nne tse di tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> Di ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go tsone go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga dithaba tse pedi tse di tona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Ba-San mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. == Thuto ka matlapa == [[File:Laurens_van_der_Post_Panel.jpg|left|thumb|Phanele ya Laurens van der, 2006]] Batho ba dirisitse mantswe a dithaba tsa Tsodilo go taka le go dira meletlo dingwaga di le diketekete. Palo kakanyetso ya [[UNESCO]] e supa fa dithaba tse di na le mafelo a le makgolo a le matlhano a a ikemetseng ka bongwe a a kayang dingwaga di le diketekete tsa bonno jwa batho. Botaki jwa matlapa mo dithabeng tse bo ile jwa golaganngwa le batsomi ba ba bapalang ba lefelo le. Go dumelwa gore Badimo ba ba [[Basarwa|San]] ba takile dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng kwa Tsodilo, mme gape e ne e le bone ba ba neng ba tla ba nna mo magageng le mo mantsweng. Go na le bosupi jwa gore batho ba Bantu ke beng ne ba ditiro dingwe tsa botaki kwa dithabeng tse. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di ile tsa supiwa gore di ne di le teng dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le bone pele ga gompieno. === Logaga lwa Tshukudu === [[Rhino Cave|Logaga lwa Tshukudu]] lo kwa ntlheng ya Bokone jwa Thaba ya Mosadi mme le na le mabota a mabedi a matona kwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng di leng teng. Setshwantsho sa Tshukudu e Tshweu ( se logaga lo reeletsweng morago ga sone ) se mo leboteng le le kwa bokone, mme se kgaogantswe ke setshwantsho se sengwe sa Thutlwa . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Fa go ne go epiwa bodilo jwa logaga go ne ga fitlhelwa dilo tse dintsi tsa matlapa. Logaga lo ga lo na kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, dilo tsa marapo tse di dirilweng ka diatla, mmopa kgotsa tshipi, fela go ne go na le dikarolwana di le mmalwa tsa kgapetlana ya mongongo tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tsa Motlha wa Letlapa wa Moragonyana . <ref name="rhino" /> [[File:Giraffe_Rock_Art_Painting_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Botaki jwa Thutlwa mo Letlapeng: Dithaba tsa Tsodilo]] Magala a a fitlhetsweng ka nako ya go epa a ile a bewa gore ke a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Aforika, Motlha wa Leje la Moragonyana (LSA), le Motlha wa Leje la Bogare (MSA). Bontsi jwa dilo tsa mantswe tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa kwa LSA di ne di dirilwe ka didirisiwa tsa lefelo le jaaka quartz le jasper. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dilo tsa MSA tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa mo logageng ke dintlha tsa porojekethaele tse di baakantsweng. Dintlha tse di tlwaelesegile go fitlhelwa mo dikgatong tse di farologaneng tsa go dirwa, tse dingwe di tlogetswe di sa felelela mme tse dingwe di feditswe. <ref name="rhino" /> Ditshwantsho tsa Logaga lwa Tshukudu di fitlhelwa thata mo leboteng la Bokone, mme di pentilwe ka mmala o mohibidu kgotsa o mohibidu-wa namune, ntle le tshukudu e e neng e pentilwe ka bosweu. Go dikologa tshukudu le thutlwa go na le ditshwantsho tse di farologaneng, bontsi jwa tsone di le bohibidu, tsa jiomethirikisi. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Mo leboteng le le bapileng le lone, logaga lo na le mesima le dikhuti tse di epilweng mo lentsweng. E ka tswa e epilwe ka go dirisa matlapa a a epang kgotsa matlapa a a silang go tswa mo pakeng ya LSA, a a fitlhetsweng kwa Tsodilo. <ref name="rhino" /> === Ditshwantsho Tse Di Tshweu === [[File:Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|right|thumb|Papiso ya Botaki jwa Mantswe a Mahibidu le a Masweu kwa Tsodilo]] Botaki jwa letlapa jwa mmala o mosweu kwa Tsodilo bo amanngwa le merafe ya Bantu . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRobbinsMurphyCampbellBrook1996">Robbins, Lawrence; Murphy, Michael; Campbell, Alec; Brook, George (1996). "Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''28''': <span class="nowrap">23–</span>45. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980131 40980131].</cite></ref> Bontsi jwa ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di fitlhelwa mo Lefelong la White Paintings le le biditsweng go tsamaelana, le le mo Thabeng ya Monna. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu mo lefelong le la tshireletso, gape.) Ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di supa diphologolo, tsa mo gae le tsa naga, ga mmogo le ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng go tswana le batho. <ref name="wps" /> Ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng jaaka batho gantsi di pentiwa di beile diatla mo dinokeng. Bonnye tsa tsone di supa batho ba palame dipitse, se se kayang gore tse di ne di pentilwe e seng pele ga bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800, fa dipitse di ne di tsisiwa la ntlha mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> Tse di tserweng mo magaleng, kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, disampole tsa marapo le masalela di ne di supa dingwaga go simolola ka MSA go ya go LSA. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le bosupi gape jwa gore lefelo le le ne le dirisiwa ka nako ya ditso: konopo ya nylon le dibaga tsa galase tsa Yuropa di ne tsa fitlhelwa mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo mo mesimeng e e epilweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> ) Masalela a LSA a ne a akaretsa matlapa a a epang le matlapa a go sila, mmogo le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa marapo le matlapa a mannye. Maphatlo a tsa tse di dirilweng ka letsopa, dibaga tsa dikgapetlana tsa mae a ntŝhe le dikgapetlana tsa mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa. <ref name="wps" /> Masalela a tsa MSA a ne akaretsa matlapa a a segang mmogo le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa matlapa. === Ditshwantsho tse di Khibidu === [[File:Animals_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Diphologolo tsa botaki jwa matlapa]] Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di na le botaki jo bontsintsi jwa letlapa le lehibidu; bo ka bonwa mo lefelong lotlhe. Kwa Logageng la Tshukudu, ditshwantsho dingwe tse dikhibidu di lebega di le bogologolo go feta tshukudu e tshweu. Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng tse dikhibidu fa, le go dikologa Tsodilo, di bolelwa gore ke tsa [[Basarwa|batho ba San]] . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> === Lefelo la Depression Rock (lentswe le le kwa tlase) === [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings1.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se sehibidu sa tshukudu]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings4.jpg|right|thumb|Ditshukudu le sebopego se se tshwanang le kgomo]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings5.jpg|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng ka bohibidu jo bo nyeletseng kwa Tsodilo]] Le fitlhelwa ka fa letlhakoreng la bokonebophirima jwa Thaba ya Mosadi, lefelo le le tsere leina la lone go tswa mo dikhuting tse di epilweng mo maboteng a lefelo le. Matshwao a a patilwe ke ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu tse go lebegang e le dikgomo, gammogo le ditshwantsho tsa jiomethiri. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Lefelo le la tshireletso ya matlapa, le le supiwang dinako tsa lone go tswa mo disampoleng tsa magala, go ne ga nniwa lantlha mo go lone mo dingwageng di ka nna bonnye jwa dikete di le masome a le mararo tse di fetileng. <ref name="depression" /> Go epilwe didirisiwa tsa matlapa tsa LSA le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa Motlha wa Tshipi. Dilo tsa letsopa tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tse di kwa teng thata di ne tsa supiwa e le tsa lekgolo la ntlha la dingwaga , mme di amana le dilo tsa bogologolo thata tsa matlapa tse di fitlhetsweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Dikgapetlana tsa manoko a Mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa mo masaleleng a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le dikarolo tse di kwa teng thata, se se dirang gore e nne manoko a mongongo a bogologolo go gaisa a a kileng a bonwa mo go tsotlhe tsa go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. <ref name="depression" /> === Thuto ya tshipi === Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di dirilwe ke mafelo a le mmalwa a go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. Mafelo a le mabedi mo go a, a a itsegeng jaaka [[Divuyu]] le [[Nqoma]], a na le bosupi jwa dilo tsa tshipi tsa Motlha wa Pele wa Tshipi <ref name="metal">{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Duncan |last2=van der Merwe |first2=Nikolaas |date=1994 |title=Early Iron Age Metal Working at the Tsodilo Hills, Northwestern Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=101–115 |bibcode=1994JArSc..21..101M |doi=10.1006/jasc.1994.1011}}</ref> Tse di epolotsweng mo mafelong a mabedi a di ne di na le dikarolwana tsa didirisiwa tsa tshipi, tsotlhe di dirilwe ka tshipi le/kgotsa kopore. Dikarolo tsa makgabisa e ne e le tsa dibaga, , dikeetane le manyena mme didirisiwa di ne di akaretsa di- chesele, di- projectile le metswi ya digai, le magare tota. <ref name="metal" /> Mafelo a mabedi a a tswana ka maranyane a go dira didirisiwa di, mme a na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya go bereka tshipi. Slag le tuyères di lebega di supa gore Divuyu le Nqoma e ka tswa e ne e le mafelo a go nyerolosa tshipi, mme se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafelo a le mmalwa a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Pele mo borwa jwa Afrika a a nang le bosupi jwa go dira tshipi. <ref name="metal" /> ==Dipadi tse dingwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] m2886dpy2177bcydk10axc1bs0pu4e1 52163 52162 2026-07-08T14:34:21Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} '''Dithaba Tsa Tsodilo''' ( {{Langx|tn|Lefelo la Tsodilo}} ) ke Lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe Lotlhe la UNESCO ( WHS ), le le nang le botaki jwa matlapa, mafelo a a sireletsegileng a matlapa, dikhuti le magaga mo [[Botswana]], kwa Borwa jwa Aforika . Le ne la tsenngwa lantlha mo lenaneong la WHS ka 2001 ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa lone jo bo kgethegileng jwa bodumedi le bokao jwa tsa semoya mo bathong ba lefelo le, ga mmogo le kgatiso ya lone e e kgethegileng ya go nna ga batho teng mo dingwageng di le sekete tse dintsi. [[UNESCO]] e akanyetsa gore go na le ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo mantsweng tse di fetang dikete di le nne le makgolo a le matlhano mo lefelong le. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thebe |first=Phenyo |title=Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo Hills |url=https://www.academia.edu/4460523}}</ref> Lefelo le le na le dithaba di le mmalwa tse dikgolo tse di bidiwang Thaba ya Ngwana, Thaba ya Mosadi le Thaba ya Monna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> ==Botlhokwa jwa ngwao== Dithaba tse ke tse ditona tsa ngwao le tumelo tsa [[Basarwa|ba letso la Sesarwa]] ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba ke lefelo la mewa ya ba ba tlhokafetseng gape ba bo ba dumela gore mewa e e ka baka dingwe dilo tse di sa siamang fa motho a ka tsoma kgotsa baka leso gaufi le dithaba tse. Basarwa ba dumela gore dithaba ke tsone tsa ntlha go tlholwa. Ka nnete e e papametseng , Basarwa ba tlakile matlapa a ka tshwara dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhano (4500) fa go tshwangtshangwa le dithaba tsa Tsodilo, se se dira gore e nne lefelo le le tumileng lefatshe ka bophara. Basarwa ba dirile botaki le fa go nale ba letso la Bantu ba botshelo jwa bone bo farologanang le jwa Basarwa. Nako e e tsepameng tota ya gore matlapa a takilwe leng ga e itsewe le fa go akanyediwa gore e ka tswa e feta dingwaga tse di makgolokgolo a mabedi. Ba letso la Hambukushu ba dumela gore modimo wa bone ebong, Nyambe, o tsentse letso le leruo la bone mo thabeng ya mosadi. Bosupi jo bo tletseng bo bonwa ka dikgato tse di ipadileng mo matlapeng kwa godimo. (Lefoko ''Tsodilo'' le adimilwe mo lefokona la Hambukushu la 'sorile' le le rayang go fapoga.) Mo bokone-bophirima jwa thaba ya mosadi , sekgelenyana kwa godimo go tsweng kwa tlase go nale moepo yo o tladitsweng ka metsi. Metsi a a dumelwa fa a le boitshepo gape batho ba itlhapisa ka one gore ba nne le masego. Lefelo le boitshepo ke le le bapileng le "thaba ya monna, lentswe le letona,kwa go dumelwang gore mowa wa ntlha o ne wa khubama teng go rapela fa o tlhola lefatshe. Basarwa ba santse ba dumela gore o santse o ka bona dikakanyo sa mowa ntlha' le one mangole mo mantsweng. Thaba e e nyenyane ke 'ngwana'. La bofelo, go ya ka tlhamane, thaba ya bone e ne e le mosadi wa thaba ya bone ya monna, yo o motlogetseng go ya kwa go yo monye. ==Matlapa a a tlakilweng== Go ya ka ba UNESCO, go nale matlapa a le 4500 a a tlakilweng mo dithabeng tsa Tsodilo.Bontsi jwa matlapa a a tlakilweng a Basarwa a bonwa thata mo thabeng ya "Mosadi" e e tumileng thata ka botlaki jwa "ditlhapi", "di tshukudu tse pedi" gape le "Tau" mo botlhaba jwa thaba ya "monna". Go nale matlapa a a tlakilweng , mme ga a amana thata le dithaba tse di mabapi. Go nale dikaedi tse di tsentsweng , mme gone botlaki ga bo bonale sentle fela mokaedi yo o rutegileng o ka kgona go go lemogedisa. Ka go rialo baeng ba tlamiwa go tsaya mokaedi wa mo motseng. Se se tlokafatsa itsholelo ya lefatshe mme ebile go bo go sirelediwa lefelo le. == Kitso ka popego ya lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le dithaba tse ditona di le nne. E e kwa godimo go di feta e na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Dithaba tse nne tse di tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> Di ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go tsone go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga dithaba tse pedi tse di tona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Ba-San mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. == Thuto ka matlapa == [[File:Laurens_van_der_Post_Panel.jpg|left|thumb|Phanele ya Laurens van der, 2006]] Batho ba dirisitse mantswe a dithaba tsa Tsodilo go taka le go dira meletlo dingwaga di le diketekete. Palo kakanyetso ya [[UNESCO]] e supa fa dithaba tse di na le mafelo a le makgolo a le matlhano a a ikemetseng ka bongwe a a kayang dingwaga di le diketekete tsa bonno jwa batho. Botaki jwa matlapa mo dithabeng tse bo ile jwa golaganngwa le batsomi ba ba bapalang ba lefelo le. Go dumelwa gore Badimo ba ba [[Basarwa|San]] ba takile dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng kwa Tsodilo, mme gape e ne e le bone ba ba neng ba tla ba nna mo magageng le mo mantsweng. Go na le bosupi jwa gore batho ba Bantu ke beng ne ba ditiro dingwe tsa botaki kwa dithabeng tse. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di ile tsa supiwa gore di ne di le teng dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le bone pele ga gompieno. === Logaga lwa Tshukudu === [[Rhino Cave|Logaga lwa Tshukudu]] lo kwa ntlheng ya Bokone jwa Thaba ya Mosadi mme le na le mabota a mabedi a matona kwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng di leng teng. Setshwantsho sa Tshukudu e Tshweu ( se logaga lo reeletsweng morago ga sone ) se mo leboteng le le kwa bokone, mme se kgaogantswe ke setshwantsho se sengwe sa Thutlwa . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Fa go ne go epiwa bodilo jwa logaga go ne ga fitlhelwa dilo tse dintsi tsa matlapa. Logaga lo ga lo na kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, dilo tsa marapo tse di dirilweng ka diatla, mmopa kgotsa tshipi, fela go ne go na le dikarolwana di le mmalwa tsa kgapetlana ya mongongo tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tsa Motlha wa Letlapa wa Moragonyana . <ref name="rhino" /> [[File:Giraffe_Rock_Art_Painting_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Botaki jwa Thutlwa mo Letlapeng: Dithaba tsa Tsodilo]] Magala a a fitlhetsweng ka nako ya go epa a ile a bewa gore ke a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Aforika, Motlha wa Leje la Moragonyana (LSA), le Motlha wa Leje la Bogare (MSA). Bontsi jwa dilo tsa mantswe tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa kwa LSA di ne di dirilwe ka didirisiwa tsa lefelo le jaaka quartz le jasper. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dilo tsa MSA tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa mo logageng ke dintlha tsa porojekethaele tse di baakantsweng. Dintlha tse di tlwaelesegile go fitlhelwa mo dikgatong tse di farologaneng tsa go dirwa, tse dingwe di tlogetswe di sa felelela mme tse dingwe di feditswe. <ref name="rhino" /> Ditshwantsho tsa Logaga lwa Tshukudu di fitlhelwa thata mo leboteng la Bokone, mme di pentilwe ka mmala o mohibidu kgotsa o mohibidu-wa namune, ntle le tshukudu e e neng e pentilwe ka bosweu. Go dikologa tshukudu le thutlwa go na le ditshwantsho tse di farologaneng, bontsi jwa tsone di le bohibidu, tsa jiomethirikisi. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Mo leboteng le le bapileng le lone, logaga lo na le mesima le dikhuti tse di epilweng mo lentsweng. E ka tswa e epilwe ka go dirisa matlapa a a epang kgotsa matlapa a a silang go tswa mo pakeng ya LSA, a a fitlhetsweng kwa Tsodilo. <ref name="rhino" /> === Ditshwantsho Tse Di Tshweu === [[File:Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|right|thumb|Papiso ya Botaki jwa Mantswe a Mahibidu le a Masweu kwa Tsodilo]] Botaki jwa letlapa jwa mmala o mosweu kwa Tsodilo bo amanngwa le merafe ya Bantu . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRobbinsMurphyCampbellBrook1996">Robbins, Lawrence; Murphy, Michael; Campbell, Alec; Brook, George (1996). "Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''28''': <span class="nowrap">23–</span>45. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980131 40980131].</cite></ref> Bontsi jwa ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di fitlhelwa mo Lefelong la White Paintings le le biditsweng go tsamaelana, le le mo Thabeng ya Monna. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu mo lefelong le la tshireletso, gape.) Ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di supa diphologolo, tsa mo gae le tsa naga, ga mmogo le ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng go tswana le batho. <ref name="wps" /> Ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng jaaka batho gantsi di pentiwa di beile diatla mo dinokeng. Bonnye tsa tsone di supa batho ba palame dipitse, se se kayang gore tse di ne di pentilwe e seng pele ga bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800, fa dipitse di ne di tsisiwa la ntlha mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> Tse di tserweng mo magaleng, kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, disampole tsa marapo le masalela di ne di supa dingwaga go simolola ka MSA go ya go LSA. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le bosupi gape jwa gore lefelo le le ne le dirisiwa ka nako ya ditso: konopo ya nylon le dibaga tsa galase tsa Yuropa di ne tsa fitlhelwa mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo mo mesimeng e e epilweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> ) Masalela a LSA a ne a akaretsa matlapa a a epang le matlapa a go sila, mmogo le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa marapo le matlapa a mannye. Maphatlo a tsa tse di dirilweng ka letsopa, dibaga tsa dikgapetlana tsa mae a ntŝhe le dikgapetlana tsa mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa. <ref name="wps" /> Masalela a tsa MSA a ne akaretsa matlapa a a segang mmogo le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa matlapa. === Ditshwantsho tse di Khibidu === [[File:Animals_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Diphologolo tsa botaki jwa matlapa]] Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di na le botaki jo bontsintsi jwa letlapa le lehibidu; bo ka bonwa mo lefelong lotlhe. Kwa Logageng la Tshukudu, ditshwantsho dingwe tse dikhibidu di lebega di le bogologolo go feta tshukudu e tshweu. Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng tse dikhibidu fa, le go dikologa Tsodilo, di bolelwa gore ke tsa [[Basarwa|batho ba San]] . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> === Lefelo la Depression Rock (lentswe le le kwa tlase) === [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings1.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se sehibidu sa tshukudu]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings4.jpg|right|thumb|Ditshukudu le sebopego se se tshwanang le kgomo]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings5.jpg|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng ka bohibidu jo bo nyeletseng kwa Tsodilo]] Le fitlhelwa ka fa letlhakoreng la bokonebophirima jwa Thaba ya Mosadi, lefelo le le tsere leina la lone go tswa mo dikhuting tse di epilweng mo maboteng a lefelo le. Matshwao a a patilwe ke ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu tse go lebegang e le dikgomo, gammogo le ditshwantsho tsa jiomethiri. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Lefelo le la tshireletso ya matlapa, le le supiwang dinako tsa lone go tswa mo disampoleng tsa magala, go ne ga nniwa lantlha mo go lone mo dingwageng di ka nna bonnye jwa dikete di le masome a le mararo tse di fetileng. <ref name="depression" /> Go epilwe didirisiwa tsa matlapa tsa LSA le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa Motlha wa Tshipi. Dilo tsa letsopa tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tse di kwa teng thata di ne tsa supiwa e le tsa lekgolo la ntlha la dingwaga , mme di amana le dilo tsa bogologolo thata tsa matlapa tse di fitlhetsweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Dikgapetlana tsa manoko a Mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa mo masaleleng a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le dikarolo tse di kwa teng thata, se se dirang gore e nne manoko a mongongo a bogologolo go gaisa a a kileng a bonwa mo go tsotlhe tsa go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. <ref name="depression" /> === Thuto ya tshipi === Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di dirilwe ke mafelo a le mmalwa a go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. Mafelo a le mabedi mo go a, a a itsegeng jaaka [[Divuyu]] le [[Nqoma]], a na le bosupi jwa dilo tsa tshipi tsa Motlha wa Pele wa Tshipi <ref name="metal">{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Duncan |last2=van der Merwe |first2=Nikolaas |date=1994 |title=Early Iron Age Metal Working at the Tsodilo Hills, Northwestern Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=101–115 |bibcode=1994JArSc..21..101M |doi=10.1006/jasc.1994.1011}}</ref> Tse di epolotsweng mo mafelong a mabedi a di ne di na le dikarolwana tsa didirisiwa tsa tshipi, tsotlhe di dirilwe ka tshipi le/kgotsa kopore. Dikarolo tsa makgabisa e ne e le tsa dibaga, , dikeetane le manyena mme didirisiwa di ne di akaretsa di- chesele, di- projectile le metswi ya digai, le magare tota. <ref name="metal" /> Mafelo a mabedi a a tswana ka maranyane a go dira didirisiwa di, mme a na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya go bereka tshipi. Slag le tuyères di lebega di supa gore Divuyu le Nqoma e ka tswa e ne e le mafelo a go nyerolosa tshipi, mme se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafelo a le mmalwa a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Pele mo borwa jwa Afrika a a nang le bosupi jwa go dira tshipi. <ref name="metal" /> ==Dipadi tse dingwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} ==Ithuthuntsho ye nngwe== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] hnp4qz0rfrlp992w5uyvatnotwjk5xg 52164 52163 2026-07-08T14:38:20Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} '''Dithaba Tsa Tsodilo''' ( {{Langx|tn|Lefelo la Tsodilo}} ) ke Lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe Lotlhe la UNESCO ( WHS ), le le nang le botaki jwa matlapa, mafelo a a sireletsegileng a matlapa, dikhuti le magaga mo [[Botswana]], kwa Borwa jwa Aforika . Le ne la tsenngwa lantlha mo lenaneong la WHS ka 2001 ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa lone jo bo kgethegileng jwa bodumedi le bokao jwa tsa semoya mo bathong ba lefelo le, ga mmogo le kgatiso ya lone e e kgethegileng ya go nna ga batho teng mo dingwageng di le sekete tse dintsi. [[UNESCO]] e akanyetsa gore go na le ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo mantsweng tse di fetang dikete di le nne le makgolo a le matlhano mo lefelong le. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thebe |first=Phenyo |title=Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo Hills |url=https://www.academia.edu/4460523}}</ref> Lefelo le le na le dithaba di le mmalwa tse dikgolo tse di bidiwang Thaba ya Ngwana, Thaba ya Mosadi le Thaba ya Monna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> ==Botlhokwa jwa ngwao== Dithaba tse ke tse ditona tsa ngwao le tumelo tsa [[Basarwa|ba letso la Sesarwa]] ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba ke lefelo la mewa ya ba ba tlhokafetseng gape ba bo ba dumela gore mewa e e ka baka dingwe dilo tse di sa siamang fa motho a ka tsoma kgotsa baka leso gaufi le dithaba tse. Basarwa ba dumela gore dithaba ke tsone tsa ntlha go tlholwa. Ka nnete e e papametseng , Basarwa ba tlakile matlapa a ka tshwara dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhano (4500) fa go tshwangtshangwa le dithaba tsa Tsodilo, se se dira gore e nne lefelo le le tumileng lefatshe ka bophara. Basarwa ba dirile botaki le fa go nale ba letso la Bantu ba botshelo jwa bone bo farologanang le jwa Basarwa. Nako e e tsepameng tota ya gore matlapa a takilwe leng ga e itsewe le fa go akanyediwa gore e ka tswa e feta dingwaga tse di makgolokgolo a mabedi. Ba letso la Hambukushu ba dumela gore modimo wa bone ebong, Nyambe, o tsentse letso le leruo la bone mo thabeng ya mosadi. Bosupi jo bo tletseng bo bonwa ka dikgato tse di ipadileng mo matlapeng kwa godimo. (Lefoko ''Tsodilo'' le adimilwe mo lefokona la Hambukushu la 'sorile' le le rayang go fapoga.) Mo bokone-bophirima jwa thaba ya mosadi , sekgelenyana kwa godimo go tsweng kwa tlase go nale moepo yo o tladitsweng ka metsi. Metsi a a dumelwa fa a le boitshepo gape batho ba itlhapisa ka one gore ba nne le masego. Lefelo le boitshepo ke le le bapileng le "thaba ya monna, lentswe le letona,kwa go dumelwang gore mowa wa ntlha o ne wa khubama teng go rapela fa o tlhola lefatshe. Basarwa ba santse ba dumela gore o santse o ka bona dikakanyo sa mowa ntlha' le one mangole mo mantsweng. Thaba e e nyenyane ke 'ngwana'. La bofelo, go ya ka tlhamane, thaba ya bone e ne e le mosadi wa thaba ya bone ya monna, yo o motlogetseng go ya kwa go yo monye. ==Matlapa a a tlakilweng== Go ya ka ba UNESCO, go nale matlapa a le 4500 a a tlakilweng mo dithabeng tsa Tsodilo.Bontsi jwa matlapa a a tlakilweng a Basarwa a bonwa thata mo thabeng ya "Mosadi" e e tumileng thata ka botlaki jwa "ditlhapi", "di tshukudu tse pedi" gape le "Tau" mo botlhaba jwa thaba ya "monna". Go nale matlapa a a tlakilweng , mme ga a amana thata le dithaba tse di mabapi. Go nale dikaedi tse di tsentsweng , mme gone botlaki ga bo bonale sentle fela mokaedi yo o rutegileng o ka kgona go go lemogedisa. Ka go rialo baeng ba tlamiwa go tsaya mokaedi wa mo motseng. Se se tlokafatsa itsholelo ya lefatshe mme ebile go bo go sirelediwa lefelo le. == Kitso ka popego ya lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le dithaba tse ditona di le nne. E e kwa godimo go di feta e na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Dithaba tse nne tse di tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> Di ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go tsone go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga dithaba tse pedi tse di tona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Ba-San mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. == Thuto ka matlapa == [[File:Laurens_van_der_Post_Panel.jpg|left|thumb|Phanele ya Laurens van der, 2006]] Batho ba dirisitse mantswe a dithaba tsa Tsodilo go taka le go dira meletlo dingwaga di le diketekete. Palo kakanyetso ya [[UNESCO]] e supa fa dithaba tse di na le mafelo a le makgolo a le matlhano a a ikemetseng ka bongwe a a kayang dingwaga di le diketekete tsa bonno jwa batho. Botaki jwa matlapa mo dithabeng tse bo ile jwa golaganngwa le batsomi ba ba bapalang ba lefelo le. Go dumelwa gore Badimo ba ba [[Basarwa|San]] ba takile dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng kwa Tsodilo, mme gape e ne e le bone ba ba neng ba tla ba nna mo magageng le mo mantsweng. Go na le bosupi jwa gore batho ba Bantu ke beng ne ba ditiro dingwe tsa botaki kwa dithabeng tse. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di ile tsa supiwa gore di ne di le teng dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le bone pele ga gompieno. === Logaga lwa Tshukudu === [[Rhino Cave|Logaga lwa Tshukudu]] lo kwa ntlheng ya Bokone jwa Thaba ya Mosadi mme le na le mabota a mabedi a matona kwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng di leng teng. Setshwantsho sa Tshukudu e Tshweu ( se logaga lo reeletsweng morago ga sone ) se mo leboteng le le kwa bokone, mme se kgaogantswe ke setshwantsho se sengwe sa Thutlwa . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Fa go ne go epiwa bodilo jwa logaga go ne ga fitlhelwa dilo tse dintsi tsa matlapa. Logaga lo ga lo na kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, dilo tsa marapo tse di dirilweng ka diatla, mmopa kgotsa tshipi, fela go ne go na le dikarolwana di le mmalwa tsa kgapetlana ya mongongo tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tsa Motlha wa Letlapa wa Moragonyana . <ref name="rhino" /> [[File:Giraffe_Rock_Art_Painting_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Botaki jwa Thutlwa mo Letlapeng: Dithaba tsa Tsodilo]] Magala a a fitlhetsweng ka nako ya go epa a ile a bewa gore ke a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Aforika, Motlha wa Leje la Moragonyana (LSA), le Motlha wa Leje la Bogare (MSA). Bontsi jwa dilo tsa mantswe tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa kwa LSA di ne di dirilwe ka didirisiwa tsa lefelo le jaaka quartz le jasper. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dilo tsa MSA tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa mo logageng ke dintlha tsa porojekethaele tse di baakantsweng. Dintlha tse di tlwaelesegile go fitlhelwa mo dikgatong tse di farologaneng tsa go dirwa, tse dingwe di tlogetswe di sa felelela mme tse dingwe di feditswe. <ref name="rhino" /> Ditshwantsho tsa Logaga lwa Tshukudu di fitlhelwa thata mo leboteng la Bokone, mme di pentilwe ka mmala o mohibidu kgotsa o mohibidu-wa namune, ntle le tshukudu e e neng e pentilwe ka bosweu. Go dikologa tshukudu le thutlwa go na le ditshwantsho tse di farologaneng, bontsi jwa tsone di le bohibidu, tsa jiomethirikisi. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Mo leboteng le le bapileng le lone, logaga lo na le mesima le dikhuti tse di epilweng mo lentsweng. E ka tswa e epilwe ka go dirisa matlapa a a epang kgotsa matlapa a a silang go tswa mo pakeng ya LSA, a a fitlhetsweng kwa Tsodilo. <ref name="rhino" /> === Ditshwantsho Tse Di Tshweu === [[File:Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|right|thumb|Papiso ya Botaki jwa Mantswe a Mahibidu le a Masweu kwa Tsodilo]] Botaki jwa letlapa jwa mmala o mosweu kwa Tsodilo bo amanngwa le merafe ya Bantu . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRobbinsMurphyCampbellBrook1996">Robbins, Lawrence; Murphy, Michael; Campbell, Alec; Brook, George (1996). "Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''28''': <span class="nowrap">23–</span>45. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980131 40980131].</cite></ref> Bontsi jwa ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di fitlhelwa mo Lefelong la White Paintings le le biditsweng go tsamaelana, le le mo Thabeng ya Monna. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu mo lefelong le la tshireletso, gape.) Ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di supa diphologolo, tsa mo gae le tsa naga, ga mmogo le ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng go tswana le batho. <ref name="wps" /> Ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng jaaka batho gantsi di pentiwa di beile diatla mo dinokeng. Bonnye tsa tsone di supa batho ba palame dipitse, se se kayang gore tse di ne di pentilwe e seng pele ga bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800, fa dipitse di ne di tsisiwa la ntlha mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> Tse di tserweng mo magaleng, kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, disampole tsa marapo le masalela di ne di supa dingwaga go simolola ka MSA go ya go LSA. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le bosupi gape jwa gore lefelo le le ne le dirisiwa ka nako ya ditso: konopo ya nylon le dibaga tsa galase tsa Yuropa di ne tsa fitlhelwa mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo mo mesimeng e e epilweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> ) Masalela a LSA a ne a akaretsa matlapa a a epang le matlapa a go sila, mmogo le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa marapo le matlapa a mannye. Maphatlo a tsa tse di dirilweng ka letsopa, dibaga tsa dikgapetlana tsa mae a ntŝhe le dikgapetlana tsa mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa. <ref name="wps" /> Masalela a tsa MSA a ne akaretsa matlapa a a segang mmogo le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa matlapa. === Ditshwantsho tse di Khibidu === [[File:Animals_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Diphologolo tsa botaki jwa matlapa]] Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di na le botaki jo bontsintsi jwa letlapa le lehibidu; bo ka bonwa mo lefelong lotlhe. Kwa Logageng la Tshukudu, ditshwantsho dingwe tse dikhibidu di lebega di le bogologolo go feta tshukudu e tshweu. Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng tse dikhibidu fa, le go dikologa Tsodilo, di bolelwa gore ke tsa [[Basarwa|batho ba San]] . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> === Lefelo la Depression Rock (lentswe le le kwa tlase) === [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings1.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se sehibidu sa tshukudu]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings4.jpg|right|thumb|Ditshukudu le sebopego se se tshwanang le kgomo]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings5.jpg|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng ka bohibidu jo bo nyeletseng kwa Tsodilo]] Le fitlhelwa ka fa letlhakoreng la bokonebophirima jwa Thaba ya Mosadi, lefelo le le tsere leina la lone go tswa mo dikhuting tse di epilweng mo maboteng a lefelo le. Matshwao a a patilwe ke ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu tse go lebegang e le dikgomo, gammogo le ditshwantsho tsa jiomethiri. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Lefelo le la tshireletso ya matlapa, le le supiwang dinako tsa lone go tswa mo disampoleng tsa magala, go ne ga nniwa lantlha mo go lone mo dingwageng di ka nna bonnye jwa dikete di le masome a le mararo tse di fetileng. <ref name="depression" /> Go epilwe didirisiwa tsa matlapa tsa LSA le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa Motlha wa Tshipi. Dilo tsa letsopa tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tse di kwa teng thata di ne tsa supiwa e le tsa lekgolo la ntlha la dingwaga , mme di amana le dilo tsa bogologolo thata tsa matlapa tse di fitlhetsweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Dikgapetlana tsa manoko a Mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa mo masaleleng a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le dikarolo tse di kwa teng thata, se se dirang gore e nne manoko a mongongo a bogologolo go gaisa a a kileng a bonwa mo go tsotlhe tsa go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. <ref name="depression" /> === Thuto ya tshipi === Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di dirilwe ke mafelo a le mmalwa a go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. Mafelo a le mabedi mo go a, a a itsegeng jaaka [[Divuyu]] le [[Nqoma]], a na le bosupi jwa dilo tsa tshipi tsa Motlha wa Pele wa Tshipi <ref name="metal">{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Duncan |last2=van der Merwe |first2=Nikolaas |date=1994 |title=Early Iron Age Metal Working at the Tsodilo Hills, Northwestern Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=101–115 |bibcode=1994JArSc..21..101M |doi=10.1006/jasc.1994.1011}}</ref> Tse di epolotsweng mo mafelong a mabedi a di ne di na le dikarolwana tsa didirisiwa tsa tshipi, tsotlhe di dirilwe ka tshipi le/kgotsa kopore. Dikarolo tsa makgabisa e ne e le tsa dibaga, , dikeetane le manyena mme didirisiwa di ne di akaretsa di- chesele, di- projectile le metswi ya digai, le magare tota. <ref name="metal" /> Mafelo a mabedi a a tswana ka maranyane a go dira didirisiwa di, mme a na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya go bereka tshipi. Slag le tuyères di lebega di supa gore Divuyu le Nqoma e ka tswa e ne e le mafelo a go nyerolosa tshipi, mme se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafelo a le mmalwa a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Pele mo borwa jwa Afrika a a nang le bosupi jwa go dira tshipi. <ref name="metal" /> ==Dipadi tse dingwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} ==Dipadi tse dingwe== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] mt6xwibe4sa7ajrlvstpcmewrc8x46k 52167 52164 2026-07-08T16:35:42Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the section "Cultural significance" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360475990|Tsodilo]]" 52167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} '''Dithaba Tsa Tsodilo''' ( {{Langx|tn|Lefelo la Tsodilo}} ) ke Lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe Lotlhe la UNESCO ( WHS ), le le nang le botaki jwa matlapa, mafelo a a sireletsegileng a matlapa, dikhuti le magaga mo [[Botswana]], kwa Borwa jwa Aforika . Le ne la tsenngwa lantlha mo lenaneong la WHS ka 2001 ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa lone jo bo kgethegileng jwa bodumedi le bokao jwa tsa semoya mo bathong ba lefelo le, ga mmogo le kgatiso ya lone e e kgethegileng ya go nna ga batho teng mo dingwageng di le sekete tse dintsi. [[UNESCO]] e akanyetsa gore go na le ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo mantsweng tse di fetang dikete di le nne le makgolo a le matlhano mo lefelong le. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thebe |first=Phenyo |title=Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo Hills |url=https://www.academia.edu/4460523}}</ref> Lefelo le le na le dithaba di le mmalwa tse dikgolo tse di bidiwang Thaba ya Ngwana, Thaba ya Mosadi le Thaba ya Monna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> ==Botlhokwa jwa ngwao== Dithaba tse ke tse ditona tsa ngwao le tumelo tsa [[Basarwa|ba letso la Sesarwa]] ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba ke lefelo la mewa ya ba ba tlhokafetseng gape ba bo ba dumela gore mewa e e ka baka dingwe dilo tse di sa siamang fa motho a ka tsoma kgotsa baka leso gaufi le dithaba tse. Basarwa ba dumela gore dithaba ke tsone tsa ntlha go tlholwa. Ka nnete e e papametseng , Basarwa ba tlakile matlapa a ka tshwara dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhano (4500) fa go tshwangtshangwa le dithaba tsa Tsodilo, se se dira gore e nne lefelo le le tumileng lefatshe ka bophara. Basarwa ba dirile botaki le fa go nale ba letso la Bantu ba botshelo jwa bone bo farologanang le jwa Basarwa. Nako e e tsepameng tota ya gore matlapa a takilwe leng ga e itsewe le fa go akanyediwa gore e ka tswa e feta dingwaga tse di makgolokgolo a mabedi. Ba letso la Hambukushu ba dumela gore modimo wa bone ebong, Nyambe, o tsentse letso le leruo la bone mo thabeng ya mosadi. Bosupi jo bo tletseng bo bonwa ka dikgato tse di ipadileng mo matlapeng kwa godimo. (Lefoko ''Tsodilo'' le adimilwe mo lefokona la Hambukushu la 'sorile' le le rayang go fapoga.) Mo bokone-bophirima jwa thaba ya mosadi , sekgelenyana kwa godimo go tsweng kwa tlase go nale moepo yo o tladitsweng ka metsi. Metsi a a dumelwa fa a le boitshepo gape batho ba itlhapisa ka one gore ba nne le masego. Lefelo le boitshepo ke le le bapileng le "thaba ya monna, lentswe le letona,kwa go dumelwang gore mowa wa ntlha o ne wa khubama teng go rapela fa o tlhola lefatshe. Basarwa ba santse ba dumela gore o santse o ka bona dikakanyo sa mowa ntlha' le one mangole mo mantsweng. Thaba e e nyenyane ke 'ngwana'. La bofelo, go ya ka tlhamane, thaba ya bone e ne e le mosadi wa thaba ya bone ya monna, yo o motlogetseng go ya kwa go yo monye. ==Matlapa a a tlakilweng== Go ya ka ba UNESCO, go nale matlapa a le 4500 a a tlakilweng mo dithabeng tsa Tsodilo.Bontsi jwa matlapa a a tlakilweng a Basarwa a bonwa thata mo thabeng ya "Mosadi" e e tumileng thata ka botlaki jwa "ditlhapi", "di tshukudu tse pedi" gape le "Tau" mo botlhaba jwa thaba ya "monna". Go nale matlapa a a tlakilweng , mme ga a amana thata le dithaba tse di mabapi. Go nale dikaedi tse di tsentsweng , mme gone botlaki ga bo bonale sentle fela mokaedi yo o rutegileng o ka kgona go go lemogedisa. Ka go rialo baeng ba tlamiwa go tsaya mokaedi wa mo motseng. Se se tlokafatsa itsholelo ya lefatshe mme ebile go bo go sirelediwa lefelo le. == Kitso ka popego ya lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le dithaba tse ditona di le nne. E e kwa godimo go di feta e na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Dithaba tse nne tse di tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> Di ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go tsone go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga dithaba tse pedi tse di tona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Ba-San mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. == Thuto ka matlapa == [[File:Laurens_van_der_Post_Panel.jpg|left|thumb|Phanele ya Laurens van der, 2006]] Batho ba dirisitse mantswe a dithaba tsa Tsodilo go taka le go dira meletlo dingwaga di le diketekete. Palo kakanyetso ya [[UNESCO]] e supa fa dithaba tse di na le mafelo a le makgolo a le matlhano a a ikemetseng ka bongwe a a kayang dingwaga di le diketekete tsa bonno jwa batho. Botaki jwa matlapa mo dithabeng tse bo ile jwa golaganngwa le batsomi ba ba bapalang ba lefelo le. Go dumelwa gore Badimo ba ba [[Basarwa|San]] ba takile dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng kwa Tsodilo, mme gape e ne e le bone ba ba neng ba tla ba nna mo magageng le mo mantsweng. Go na le bosupi jwa gore batho ba Bantu ke beng ne ba ditiro dingwe tsa botaki kwa dithabeng tse. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di ile tsa supiwa gore di ne di le teng dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le bone pele ga gompieno. === Logaga lwa Tshukudu === [[Rhino Cave|Logaga lwa Tshukudu]] lo kwa ntlheng ya Bokone jwa Thaba ya Mosadi mme le na le mabota a mabedi a matona kwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng di leng teng. Setshwantsho sa Tshukudu e Tshweu ( se logaga lo reeletsweng morago ga sone ) se mo leboteng le le kwa bokone, mme se kgaogantswe ke setshwantsho se sengwe sa Thutlwa . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Fa go ne go epiwa bodilo jwa logaga go ne ga fitlhelwa dilo tse dintsi tsa matlapa. Logaga lo ga lo na kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, dilo tsa marapo tse di dirilweng ka diatla, mmopa kgotsa tshipi, fela go ne go na le dikarolwana di le mmalwa tsa kgapetlana ya mongongo tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tsa Motlha wa Letlapa wa Moragonyana . <ref name="rhino" /> [[File:Giraffe_Rock_Art_Painting_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Botaki jwa Thutlwa mo Letlapeng: Dithaba tsa Tsodilo]] Magala a a fitlhetsweng ka nako ya go epa a ile a bewa gore ke a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Aforika, Motlha wa Leje la Moragonyana (LSA), le Motlha wa Leje la Bogare (MSA). Bontsi jwa dilo tsa mantswe tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa kwa LSA di ne di dirilwe ka didirisiwa tsa lefelo le jaaka quartz le jasper. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dilo tsa MSA tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa mo logageng ke dintlha tsa porojekethaele tse di baakantsweng. Dintlha tse di tlwaelesegile go fitlhelwa mo dikgatong tse di farologaneng tsa go dirwa, tse dingwe di tlogetswe di sa felelela mme tse dingwe di feditswe. <ref name="rhino" /> Ditshwantsho tsa Logaga lwa Tshukudu di fitlhelwa thata mo leboteng la Bokone, mme di pentilwe ka mmala o mohibidu kgotsa o mohibidu-wa namune, ntle le tshukudu e e neng e pentilwe ka bosweu. Go dikologa tshukudu le thutlwa go na le ditshwantsho tse di farologaneng, bontsi jwa tsone di le bohibidu, tsa jiomethirikisi. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Mo leboteng le le bapileng le lone, logaga lo na le mesima le dikhuti tse di epilweng mo lentsweng. E ka tswa e epilwe ka go dirisa matlapa a a epang kgotsa matlapa a a silang go tswa mo pakeng ya LSA, a a fitlhetsweng kwa Tsodilo. <ref name="rhino" /> === Ditshwantsho Tse Di Tshweu === [[File:Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|right|thumb|Papiso ya Botaki jwa Mantswe a Mahibidu le a Masweu kwa Tsodilo]] Botaki jwa letlapa jwa mmala o mosweu kwa Tsodilo bo amanngwa le merafe ya Bantu . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRobbinsMurphyCampbellBrook1996">Robbins, Lawrence; Murphy, Michael; Campbell, Alec; Brook, George (1996). "Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''28''': <span class="nowrap">23–</span>45. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980131 40980131].</cite></ref> Bontsi jwa ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di fitlhelwa mo Lefelong la White Paintings le le biditsweng go tsamaelana, le le mo Thabeng ya Monna. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu mo lefelong le la tshireletso, gape.) Ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di supa diphologolo, tsa mo gae le tsa naga, ga mmogo le ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng go tswana le batho. <ref name="wps" /> Ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng jaaka batho gantsi di pentiwa di beile diatla mo dinokeng. Bonnye tsa tsone di supa batho ba palame dipitse, se se kayang gore tse di ne di pentilwe e seng pele ga bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800, fa dipitse di ne di tsisiwa la ntlha mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> Tse di tserweng mo magaleng, kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, disampole tsa marapo le masalela di ne di supa dingwaga go simolola ka MSA go ya go LSA. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le bosupi gape jwa gore lefelo le le ne le dirisiwa ka nako ya ditso: konopo ya nylon le dibaga tsa galase tsa Yuropa di ne tsa fitlhelwa mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo mo mesimeng e e epilweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> ) Masalela a LSA a ne a akaretsa matlapa a a epang le matlapa a go sila, mmogo le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa marapo le matlapa a mannye. Maphatlo a tsa tse di dirilweng ka letsopa, dibaga tsa dikgapetlana tsa mae a ntŝhe le dikgapetlana tsa mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa. <ref name="wps" /> Masalela a tsa MSA a ne akaretsa matlapa a a segang mmogo le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa matlapa. === Ditshwantsho tse di Khibidu === [[File:Animals_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Diphologolo tsa botaki jwa matlapa]] Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di na le botaki jo bontsintsi jwa letlapa le lehibidu; bo ka bonwa mo lefelong lotlhe. Kwa Logageng la Tshukudu, ditshwantsho dingwe tse dikhibidu di lebega di le bogologolo go feta tshukudu e tshweu. Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng tse dikhibidu fa, le go dikologa Tsodilo, di bolelwa gore ke tsa [[Basarwa|batho ba San]] . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> === Lefelo la Depression Rock (lentswe le le kwa tlase) === [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings1.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se sehibidu sa tshukudu]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings4.jpg|right|thumb|Ditshukudu le sebopego se se tshwanang le kgomo]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings5.jpg|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng ka bohibidu jo bo nyeletseng kwa Tsodilo]] Le fitlhelwa ka fa letlhakoreng la bokonebophirima jwa Thaba ya Mosadi, lefelo le le tsere leina la lone go tswa mo dikhuting tse di epilweng mo maboteng a lefelo le. Matshwao a a patilwe ke ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu tse go lebegang e le dikgomo, gammogo le ditshwantsho tsa jiomethiri. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Lefelo le la tshireletso ya matlapa, le le supiwang dinako tsa lone go tswa mo disampoleng tsa magala, go ne ga nniwa lantlha mo go lone mo dingwageng di ka nna bonnye jwa dikete di le masome a le mararo tse di fetileng. <ref name="depression" /> Go epilwe didirisiwa tsa matlapa tsa LSA le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa Motlha wa Tshipi. Dilo tsa letsopa tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tse di kwa teng thata di ne tsa supiwa e le tsa lekgolo la ntlha la dingwaga , mme di amana le dilo tsa bogologolo thata tsa matlapa tse di fitlhetsweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Dikgapetlana tsa manoko a Mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa mo masaleleng a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le dikarolo tse di kwa teng thata, se se dirang gore e nne manoko a mongongo a bogologolo go gaisa a a kileng a bonwa mo go tsotlhe tsa go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. <ref name="depression" /> === Thuto ya tshipi === Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di dirilwe ke mafelo a le mmalwa a go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. Mafelo a le mabedi mo go a, a a itsegeng jaaka [[Divuyu]] le [[Nqoma]], a na le bosupi jwa dilo tsa tshipi tsa Motlha wa Pele wa Tshipi <ref name="metal">{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Duncan |last2=van der Merwe |first2=Nikolaas |date=1994 |title=Early Iron Age Metal Working at the Tsodilo Hills, Northwestern Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=101–115 |bibcode=1994JArSc..21..101M |doi=10.1006/jasc.1994.1011}}</ref> Tse di epolotsweng mo mafelong a mabedi a di ne di na le dikarolwana tsa didirisiwa tsa tshipi, tsotlhe di dirilwe ka tshipi le/kgotsa kopore. Dikarolo tsa makgabisa e ne e le tsa dibaga, , dikeetane le manyena mme didirisiwa di ne di akaretsa di- chesele, di- projectile le metswi ya digai, le magare tota. <ref name="metal" /> Mafelo a mabedi a a tswana ka maranyane a go dira didirisiwa di, mme a na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya go bereka tshipi. Slag le tuyères di lebega di supa gore Divuyu le Nqoma e ka tswa e ne e le mafelo a go nyerolosa tshipi, mme se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafelo a le mmalwa a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Pele mo borwa jwa Afrika a a nang le bosupi jwa go dira tshipi. <ref name="metal" /> == Bokao jwa Ngwao == Dithaba tse di na le bokao jo bogolo jwa ngwao le jwa semoya mo bathong ba Basarwa ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba tse ke lefelo la boikhutso la mewa ya baswi le gore mewa e e tlaa baka matlhotlhapelo le go tlhoka lesego fa mongwe a ka tsoma kgotsa a baka loso gaufi le tsone. Tsodilo gape ke kgang e go ngangisanwang ka yone mabapi le ka fa Basarwa ba kileng ba bo ba tshela ka teng. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sadr |first=Karim |date=1997 |title=Kalahari archaeology and the Bushman debate |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=104–112 |doi=10.1086/204590 |jstor=2744444 |s2cid=144203689}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills,_Botswana.jpg|left|thumb|[[Lefelo la Tsodilo|Tsodilo Hills]] mo Bokone Bophirima jwa Botswana.]] === Ithunthuntso ya setso ka puo === Batho ba le bantsi ba lefelo le go dikologa dithaba tsa Tsodilo ba na le dipolelo tsa dinako tse di fetileng tse di buang ka magaga a mantsi a a takilweng le mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa mo lefelong le. Dithuto tse tsa puo gantsi di bolela ka batho ba Zhu, setlhopha sa [[Basarwa]], ba dirisa mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa go itshireletsa mo dielementeng kgotsa jaaka mafelo a dingwao. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings3.jpg|left|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo letlapeng]] Nngwe ya dipolelo tse e bolela gore batsomi ba ne ba tla mo mafelong a a sireleditsweng mo mantsweng go ikgolaganya le Badimo fa letsomo le ne le sa atlega. Ba ne ba tla bo ba kopa letsomo le le siameng nako e e tlang fa ba tswa. <ref name="oral">{{Cite journal |last=Campbell |first=A.C. |last2=Robbins |first2=L.H. |last3=Murphy |first3=M.L. |date=1994 |title=Oral Traditions and Archaeology of the Tsodilo Hills Male Hill Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=26 |pages=37–54 |jstor=40959180}}</ref> Ka go leboga, fa letsomo le atlegile, batho ba ne ba tla bo ba boela kwa lefelong le la tshireletso mme ba apeela Badimo ba bone. Mo mangweng a mafelo a a neng a bolelwa e le a kampa, ga go na bosupi jo bontsi jwa masalela a molelo. <ref name="oral" /> Mme fela, go na le mafelo a go dirwang ditiro tsa tumelo tse di tshwanang le dithapelo tsa go dira pula. Bagolo ba mo lefelong le ba sa ntse ba gakologelwa ba dirisa mafelo mangwe a a sireletsegileng a matlapa jaaka mafelo a go kampa fa ba sa ntse ba le bana. Lefelo la tshireletso la letlapa la Whites Paintings le ka tswa le ne le dirisiwa jaaka kampa ka paka ya dipula go tloga ka dingwaga di le masome a le bosupa go ya kwa go di le masome a le boferabobedi tse di fetileng. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[Basarwa|Batho ba lefelo le ba Basarwa]] ba dumela gore Tsodilo ke botsalo jwa botshelo jotlhe le botaki koo bo dirilwe ke dikokomane tsa batho ba ntlha. Thuto ka popego ya Tsodilo, ditselana le dikhuti mo lefatsheng di itsege jaaka ditselana le dikgato tsa diphologolo tsa ntlha, di dira tsela ya tsone go ya kwa mosimeng wa ntlha wa metsi <ref name="ritual">{{Cite journal |last=Segadika |first=Phillip |date=2006 |title=Managing Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo |journal=Museum International |volume=58 |issue=1–2 |pages=31–40 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0033.2006.00548.x |s2cid=54755278}}</ref> ). Motswedi wa metsi wa tlholego kwa Tsodilo, gaufi le Thaba ya Mosadi, o dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la go beeletsa metsi le lefelo la ditiro tsa tumelo. O bonwa o le boitshepo, mme o dirisiwa ke batho ba le bantsintsi go iphepafatsa, go fodisa le go sireletsa. <ref name="ritual" /> ==Dipadi tse dingwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} ==Dipadi tse dingwe== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] rtxbke7e7675b3c95cvx2d0gd9hgyue 52168 52167 2026-07-08T16:39:28Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} '''Dithaba Tsa Tsodilo''' ( {{Langx|tn|Lefelo la Tsodilo}} ) ke Lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe Lotlhe la UNESCO ( WHS ), le le nang le botaki jwa matlapa, mafelo a a sireletsegileng a matlapa, dikhuti le magaga mo [[Botswana]], kwa Borwa jwa Aforika . Le ne la tsenngwa lantlha mo lenaneong la WHS ka 2001 ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa lone jo bo kgethegileng jwa bodumedi le bokao jwa tsa semoya mo bathong ba lefelo le, ga mmogo le kgatiso ya lone e e kgethegileng ya go nna ga batho teng mo dingwageng di le sekete tse dintsi. [[UNESCO]] e akanyetsa gore go na le ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo mantsweng tse di fetang dikete di le nne le makgolo a le matlhano mo lefelong le. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thebe |first=Phenyo |title=Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo Hills |url=https://www.academia.edu/4460523}}</ref> Lefelo le le na le dithaba di le mmalwa tse dikgolo tse di bidiwang Thaba ya Ngwana, Thaba ya Mosadi le Thaba ya Monna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> ==Botlhokwa jwa ngwao== Dithaba tse ke tse ditona tsa ngwao le tumelo tsa [[Basarwa|ba letso la Sesarwa]] ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba ke lefelo la mewa ya ba ba tlhokafetseng gape ba bo ba dumela gore mewa e e ka baka dingwe dilo tse di sa siamang fa motho a ka tsoma kgotsa baka leso gaufi le dithaba tse. Basarwa ba dumela gore dithaba ke tsone tsa ntlha go tlholwa. Ka nnete e e papametseng , Basarwa ba tlakile matlapa a ka tshwara dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhano (4500) fa go tshwangtshangwa le dithaba tsa Tsodilo, se se dira gore e nne lefelo le le tumileng lefatshe ka bophara. Basarwa ba dirile botaki le fa go nale ba letso la Bantu ba botshelo jwa bone bo farologanang le jwa Basarwa. Nako e e tsepameng tota ya gore matlapa a takilwe leng ga e itsewe le fa go akanyediwa gore e ka tswa e feta dingwaga tse di makgolokgolo a mabedi. Ba letso la Hambukushu ba dumela gore modimo wa bone ebong, Nyambe, o tsentse letso le leruo la bone mo thabeng ya mosadi. Bosupi jo bo tletseng bo bonwa ka dikgato tse di ipadileng mo matlapeng kwa godimo. (Lefoko ''Tsodilo'' le adimilwe mo lefokona la Hambukushu la 'sorile' le le rayang go fapoga.) Mo bokone-bophirima jwa thaba ya mosadi , sekgelenyana kwa godimo go tsweng kwa tlase go nale moepo yo o tladitsweng ka metsi. Metsi a a dumelwa fa a le boitshepo gape batho ba itlhapisa ka one gore ba nne le masego. Lefelo le boitshepo ke le le bapileng le "thaba ya monna, lentswe le letona,kwa go dumelwang gore mowa wa ntlha o ne wa khubama teng go rapela fa o tlhola lefatshe. Basarwa ba santse ba dumela gore o santse o ka bona dikakanyo sa mowa ntlha' le one mangole mo mantsweng. Thaba e e nyenyane ke 'ngwana'. La bofelo, go ya ka tlhamane, thaba ya bone e ne e le mosadi wa thaba ya bone ya monna, yo o motlogetseng go ya kwa go yo monye. ==Matlapa a a tlakilweng== Go ya ka ba UNESCO, go nale matlapa a le 4500 a a tlakilweng mo dithabeng tsa Tsodilo.Bontsi jwa matlapa a a tlakilweng a Basarwa a bonwa thata mo thabeng ya "Mosadi" e e tumileng thata ka botlaki jwa "ditlhapi", "di tshukudu tse pedi" gape le "Tau" mo botlhaba jwa thaba ya "monna". Go nale matlapa a a tlakilweng , mme ga a amana thata le dithaba tse di mabapi. Go nale dikaedi tse di tsentsweng , mme gone botlaki ga bo bonale sentle fela mokaedi yo o rutegileng o ka kgona go go lemogedisa. Ka go rialo baeng ba tlamiwa go tsaya mokaedi wa mo motseng. Se se tlokafatsa itsholelo ya lefatshe mme ebile go bo go sirelediwa lefelo le. == Kitso ka popego ya lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le dithaba tse ditona di le nne. E e kwa godimo go di feta e na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Dithaba tse nne tse di tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> Di ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go tsone go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga dithaba tse pedi tse di tona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Basarwa mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. == Thuto ka matlapa == [[File:Laurens_van_der_Post_Panel.jpg|left|thumb|Phanele ya Laurens van der, 2006]] Batho ba dirisitse mantswe a dithaba tsa Tsodilo go taka le go dira meletlo dingwaga di le diketekete. Palo kakanyetso ya [[UNESCO]] e supa fa dithaba tse di na le mafelo a le makgolo a le matlhano a a ikemetseng ka bongwe a a kayang dingwaga di le diketekete tsa bonno jwa batho. Botaki jwa matlapa mo dithabeng tse bo ile jwa golaganngwa le batsomi ba ba bapalang ba lefelo le. Go dumelwa gore Badimo ba ba [[Basarwa|San]] ba takile dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng kwa Tsodilo, mme gape e ne e le bone ba ba neng ba tla ba nna mo magageng le mo mantsweng. Go na le bosupi jwa gore batho ba Bantu ke beng ne ba ditiro dingwe tsa botaki kwa dithabeng tse. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di ile tsa supiwa gore di ne di le teng dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le bone pele ga gompieno. === Logaga lwa Tshukudu === [[Rhino Cave|Logaga lwa Tshukudu]] lo kwa ntlheng ya Bokone jwa Thaba ya Mosadi mme le na le mabota a mabedi a matona kwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng di leng teng. Setshwantsho sa Tshukudu e Tshweu ( se logaga lo reeletsweng morago ga sone ) se mo leboteng le le kwa bokone, mme se kgaogantswe ke setshwantsho se sengwe sa Thutlwa . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Fa go ne go epiwa bodilo jwa logaga go ne ga fitlhelwa dilo tse dintsi tsa matlapa. Logaga lo ga lo na kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, dilo tsa marapo tse di dirilweng ka diatla, mmopa kgotsa tshipi, fela go ne go na le dikarolwana di le mmalwa tsa kgapetlana ya mongongo tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tsa Motlha wa Letlapa wa Moragonyana . <ref name="rhino" /> [[File:Giraffe_Rock_Art_Painting_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Botaki jwa Thutlwa mo Letlapeng: Dithaba tsa Tsodilo]] Magala a a fitlhetsweng ka nako ya go epa a ile a bewa gore ke a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Aforika, Motlha wa Leje la Moragonyana (LSA), le Motlha wa Leje la Bogare (MSA). Bontsi jwa dilo tsa mantswe tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa kwa LSA di ne di dirilwe ka didirisiwa tsa lefelo le jaaka quartz le jasper. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dilo tsa MSA tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa mo logageng ke dintlha tsa porojekethaele tse di baakantsweng. Dintlha tse di tlwaelesegile go fitlhelwa mo dikgatong tse di farologaneng tsa go dirwa, tse dingwe di tlogetswe di sa felelela mme tse dingwe di feditswe. <ref name="rhino" /> Ditshwantsho tsa Logaga lwa Tshukudu di fitlhelwa thata mo leboteng la Bokone, mme di pentilwe ka mmala o mohibidu kgotsa o mohibidu-wa namune, ntle le tshukudu e e neng e pentilwe ka bosweu. Go dikologa tshukudu le thutlwa go na le ditshwantsho tse di farologaneng, bontsi jwa tsone di le bohibidu, tsa jiomethirikisi. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Mo leboteng le le bapileng le lone, logaga lo na le mesima le dikhuti tse di epilweng mo lentsweng. E ka tswa e epilwe ka go dirisa matlapa a a epang kgotsa matlapa a a silang go tswa mo pakeng ya LSA, a a fitlhetsweng kwa Tsodilo. <ref name="rhino" /> === Ditshwantsho Tse Di Tshweu === [[File:Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|right|thumb|Papiso ya Botaki jwa Mantswe a Mahibidu le a Masweu kwa Tsodilo]] Botaki jwa letlapa jwa mmala o mosweu kwa Tsodilo bo amanngwa le merafe ya Bantu . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRobbinsMurphyCampbellBrook1996">Robbins, Lawrence; Murphy, Michael; Campbell, Alec; Brook, George (1996). "Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''28''': <span class="nowrap">23–</span>45. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980131 40980131].</cite></ref> Bontsi jwa ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di fitlhelwa mo Lefelong la White Paintings le le biditsweng go tsamaelana, le le mo Thabeng ya Monna. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu mo lefelong le la tshireletso, gape.) Ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di supa diphologolo, tsa mo gae le tsa naga, ga mmogo le ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng go tswana le batho. <ref name="wps" /> Ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng jaaka batho gantsi di pentiwa di beile diatla mo dinokeng. Bonnye tsa tsone di supa batho ba palame dipitse, se se kayang gore tse di ne di pentilwe e seng pele ga bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800, fa dipitse di ne di tsisiwa la ntlha mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> Tse di tserweng mo magaleng, kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, disampole tsa marapo le masalela di ne di supa dingwaga go simolola ka MSA go ya go LSA. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le bosupi gape jwa gore lefelo le le ne le dirisiwa ka nako ya ditso: konopo ya nylon le dibaga tsa galase tsa Yuropa di ne tsa fitlhelwa mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo mo mesimeng e e epilweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> ) Masalela a LSA a ne a akaretsa matlapa a a epang le matlapa a go sila, mmogo le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa marapo le matlapa a mannye. Maphatlo a tsa tse di dirilweng ka letsopa, dibaga tsa dikgapetlana tsa mae a ntŝhe le dikgapetlana tsa mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa. <ref name="wps" /> Masalela a tsa MSA a ne akaretsa matlapa a a segang mmogo le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa matlapa. === Ditshwantsho tse di Khibidu === [[File:Animals_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Diphologolo tsa botaki jwa matlapa]] Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di na le botaki jo bontsintsi jwa letlapa le lehibidu; bo ka bonwa mo lefelong lotlhe. Kwa Logageng la Tshukudu, ditshwantsho dingwe tse dikhibidu di lebega di le bogologolo go feta tshukudu e tshweu. Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng tse dikhibidu fa, le go dikologa Tsodilo, di bolelwa gore ke tsa [[Basarwa|batho ba San]] . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> === Lefelo la Depression Rock (lentswe le le kwa tlase) === [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings1.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se sehibidu sa tshukudu]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings4.jpg|right|thumb|Ditshukudu le sebopego se se tshwanang le kgomo]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings5.jpg|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng ka bohibidu jo bo nyeletseng kwa Tsodilo]] Le fitlhelwa ka fa letlhakoreng la bokonebophirima jwa Thaba ya Mosadi, lefelo le le tsere leina la lone go tswa mo dikhuting tse di epilweng mo maboteng a lefelo le. Matshwao a a patilwe ke ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu tse go lebegang e le dikgomo, gammogo le ditshwantsho tsa jiomethiri. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Lefelo le la tshireletso ya matlapa, le le supiwang dinako tsa lone go tswa mo disampoleng tsa magala, go ne ga nniwa lantlha mo go lone mo dingwageng di ka nna bonnye jwa dikete di le masome a le mararo tse di fetileng. <ref name="depression" /> Go epilwe didirisiwa tsa matlapa tsa LSA le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa Motlha wa Tshipi. Dilo tsa letsopa tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tse di kwa teng thata di ne tsa supiwa e le tsa lekgolo la ntlha la dingwaga , mme di amana le dilo tsa bogologolo thata tsa matlapa tse di fitlhetsweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Dikgapetlana tsa manoko a Mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa mo masaleleng a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le dikarolo tse di kwa teng thata, se se dirang gore e nne manoko a mongongo a bogologolo go gaisa a a kileng a bonwa mo go tsotlhe tsa go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. <ref name="depression" /> === Thuto ya tshipi === Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di dirilwe ke mafelo a le mmalwa a go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. Mafelo a le mabedi mo go a, a a itsegeng jaaka [[Divuyu]] le [[Nqoma]], a na le bosupi jwa dilo tsa tshipi tsa Motlha wa Pele wa Tshipi <ref name="metal">{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Duncan |last2=van der Merwe |first2=Nikolaas |date=1994 |title=Early Iron Age Metal Working at the Tsodilo Hills, Northwestern Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=101–115 |bibcode=1994JArSc..21..101M |doi=10.1006/jasc.1994.1011}}</ref> Tse di epolotsweng mo mafelong a mabedi a di ne di na le dikarolwana tsa didirisiwa tsa tshipi, tsotlhe di dirilwe ka tshipi le/kgotsa kopore. Dikarolo tsa makgabisa e ne e le tsa dibaga, , dikeetane le manyena mme didirisiwa di ne di akaretsa di- chesele, di- projectile le metswi ya digai, le magare tota. <ref name="metal" /> Mafelo a mabedi a a tswana ka maranyane a go dira didirisiwa di, mme a na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya go bereka tshipi. Slag le tuyères di lebega di supa gore Divuyu le Nqoma e ka tswa e ne e le mafelo a go nyerolosa tshipi, mme se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafelo a le mmalwa a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Pele mo borwa jwa Afrika a a nang le bosupi jwa go dira tshipi. <ref name="metal" /> == Bokao jwa Ngwao == Dithaba tse di na le bokao jo bogolo jwa ngwao le jwa semoya mo bathong ba Basarwa ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba tse ke lefelo la boikhutso la mewa ya baswi le gore mewa e e tlaa baka matlhotlhapelo le go tlhoka lesego fa mongwe a ka tsoma kgotsa a baka loso gaufi le tsone. Tsodilo gape ke kgang e go ngangisanwang ka yone mabapi le ka fa Basarwa ba kileng ba bo ba tshela ka teng. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sadr |first=Karim |date=1997 |title=Kalahari archaeology and the Bushman debate |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=104–112 |doi=10.1086/204590 |jstor=2744444 |s2cid=144203689}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills,_Botswana.jpg|left|thumb|[[Lefelo la Tsodilo|Tsodilo Hills]] mo Bokone Bophirima jwa Botswana.]] === Ithunthuntso ya setso ka puo === Batho ba le bantsi ba lefelo le go dikologa dithaba tsa Tsodilo ba na le dipolelo tsa dinako tse di fetileng tse di buang ka magaga a mantsi a a takilweng le mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa mo lefelong le. Dithuto tse tsa puo gantsi di bolela ka batho ba Zhu, setlhopha sa [[Basarwa]], ba dirisa mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa go itshireletsa mo dielementeng kgotsa jaaka mafelo a dingwao. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings3.jpg|left|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo letlapeng]] Nngwe ya dipolelo tse e bolela gore batsomi ba ne ba tla mo mafelong a a sireleditsweng mo mantsweng go ikgolaganya le Badimo fa letsomo le ne le sa atlega. Ba ne ba tla bo ba kopa letsomo le le siameng nako e e tlang fa ba tswa. <ref name="oral">{{Cite journal |last=Campbell |first=A.C. |last2=Robbins |first2=L.H. |last3=Murphy |first3=M.L. |date=1994 |title=Oral Traditions and Archaeology of the Tsodilo Hills Male Hill Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=26 |pages=37–54 |jstor=40959180}}</ref> Ka go leboga, fa letsomo le atlegile, batho ba ne ba tla bo ba boela kwa lefelong le la tshireletso mme ba apeela Badimo ba bone. Mo mangweng a mafelo a a neng a bolelwa e le a kampa, ga go na bosupi jo bontsi jwa masalela a molelo. <ref name="oral" /> Mme fela, go na le mafelo a go dirwang ditiro tsa tumelo tse di tshwanang le dithapelo tsa go dira pula. Bagolo ba mo lefelong le ba sa ntse ba gakologelwa ba dirisa mafelo mangwe a a sireletsegileng a matlapa jaaka mafelo a go kampa fa ba sa ntse ba le bana. Lefelo la tshireletso la letlapa la Whites Paintings le ka tswa le ne le dirisiwa jaaka kampa ka paka ya dipula go tloga ka dingwaga di le masome a le bosupa go ya kwa go di le masome a le boferabobedi tse di fetileng. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[Basarwa|Batho ba lefelo le ba Basarwa]] ba dumela gore Tsodilo ke botsalo jwa botshelo jotlhe le botaki koo bo dirilwe ke dikokomane tsa batho ba ntlha. Thuto ka popego ya Tsodilo, ditselana le dikhuti mo lefatsheng di itsege jaaka ditselana le dikgato tsa diphologolo tsa ntlha, di dira tsela ya tsone go ya kwa mosimeng wa ntlha wa metsi <ref name="ritual">{{Cite journal |last=Segadika |first=Phillip |date=2006 |title=Managing Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo |journal=Museum International |volume=58 |issue=1–2 |pages=31–40 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0033.2006.00548.x |s2cid=54755278}}</ref> ). Motswedi wa metsi wa tlholego kwa Tsodilo, gaufi le Thaba ya Mosadi, o dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la go beeletsa metsi le lefelo la ditiro tsa tumelo. O bonwa o le boitshepo, mme o dirisiwa ke batho ba le bantsintsi go iphepafatsa, go fodisa le go sireletsa. <ref name="ritual" /> ==Dipadi tse dingwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} ==Dipadi tse dingwe== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] enl3z7refbqm4dsddl79mzmh05jixeg 52169 52168 2026-07-08T16:49:55Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} '''Dithaba Tsa Tsodilo''' ( {{Langx|tn|Lefelo la Tsodilo}} ) ke Lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe Lotlhe la UNESCO ( WHS ), le le nang le botaki jwa matlapa, mafelo a a sireletsegileng a matlapa, dikhuti le magaga mo [[Botswana]], kwa Borwa jwa Aforika . Le ne la tsenngwa lantlha mo lenaneong la WHS ka 2001 ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa lone jo bo kgethegileng jwa bodumedi le bokao jwa tsa semoya mo bathong ba lefelo le, ga mmogo le kgatiso ya lone e e kgethegileng ya go nna ga batho teng mo dingwageng di le sekete tse dintsi. [[UNESCO]] e akanyetsa gore go na le ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo mantsweng tse di fetang dikete di le nne le makgolo a le matlhano mo lefelong le. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thebe |first=Phenyo |title=Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo Hills |url=https://www.academia.edu/4460523}}</ref> Lefelo le le na le dithaba di le mmalwa tse dikgolo tse di bidiwang Thaba ya Ngwana, Thaba ya Mosadi le Thaba ya Monna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> ==Botlhokwa jwa ngwao== Dithaba tse ke tse ditona tsa ngwao le tumelo tsa [[Basarwa|ba letso la Sesarwa]] ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba ke lefelo la mewa ya ba ba tlhokafetseng gape ba bo ba dumela gore mewa e e ka baka dingwe dilo tse di sa siamang fa motho a ka tsoma kgotsa baka leso gaufi le dithaba tse. Basarwa ba dumela gore dithaba ke tsone tsa ntlha go tlholwa. Ka nnete e e papametseng , Basarwa ba tlakile matlapa a ka tshwara dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhano (4500) fa go tshwangtshangwa le dithaba tsa Tsodilo, se se dira gore e nne lefelo le le tumileng lefatshe ka bophara. Basarwa ba dirile botaki le fa go nale ba letso la Bantu ba botshelo jwa bone bo farologanang le jwa Basarwa. Nako e e tsepameng tota ya gore matlapa a takilwe leng ga e itsewe le fa go akanyediwa gore e ka tswa e feta dingwaga tse di makgolokgolo a mabedi. Ba letso la Hambukushu ba dumela gore modimo wa bone ebong, Nyambe, o tsentse letso le leruo la bone mo thabeng ya mosadi. Bosupi jo bo tletseng bo bonwa ka dikgato tse di ipadileng mo matlapeng kwa godimo. (Lefoko ''Tsodilo'' le adimilwe mo lefokona la Hambukushu la 'sorile' le le rayang go fapoga.) Mo bokone-bophirima jwa thaba ya mosadi , sekgelenyana kwa godimo go tsweng kwa tlase go nale moepo yo o tladitsweng ka metsi. Metsi a a dumelwa fa a le boitshepo gape batho ba itlhapisa ka one gore ba nne le masego. Lefelo le boitshepo ke le le bapileng le "thaba ya monna, lentswe le letona,kwa go dumelwang gore mowa wa ntlha o ne wa khubama teng go rapela fa o tlhola lefatshe. Basarwa ba santse ba dumela gore o santse o ka bona dikakanyo sa mowa ntlha' le one mangole mo mantsweng. Thaba e e nyenyane ke 'ngwana'. La bofelo, go ya ka tlhamane, thaba ya bone e ne e le mosadi wa thaba ya bone ya monna, yo o motlogetseng go ya kwa go yo monye. ==Matlapa a a tlakilweng== Go ya ka ba UNESCO, go nale matlapa a le 4500 a a tlakilweng mo dithabeng tsa Tsodilo.Bontsi jwa matlapa a a tlakilweng a Basarwa a bonwa thata mo thabeng ya "Mosadi" e e tumileng thata ka botlaki jwa "ditlhapi", "di tshukudu tse pedi" gape le "Tau" mo botlhaba jwa thaba ya "monna". Go nale matlapa a a tlakilweng , mme ga a amana thata le dithaba tse di mabapi. Go nale dikaedi tse di tsentsweng , mme gone botlaki ga bo bonale sentle fela mokaedi yo o rutegileng o ka kgona go go lemogedisa. Ka go rialo baeng ba tlamiwa go tsaya mokaedi wa mo motseng. Se se tlokafatsa itsholelo ya lefatshe mme ebile go bo go sirelediwa lefelo le. == Kitso ka popego ya lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le dithaba tse ditona di le nne. E e kwa godimo go di feta e na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Dithaba tse nne tse di tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> Di ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go tsone go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga dithaba tse pedi tse di tona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Basarwa mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. == Thuto ka matlapa == [[File:Laurens_van_der_Post_Panel.jpg|left|thumb|Phanele ya Laurens van der, 2006]] Batho ba dirisitse mantswe a dithaba tsa Tsodilo go taka le go dira meletlo dingwaga di le diketekete. Palo kakanyetso ya [[UNESCO]] e supa fa dithaba tse di na le mafelo a le makgolo a le matlhano a a ikemetseng ka bongwe a a kayang dingwaga di le diketekete tsa bonno jwa batho. Botaki jwa matlapa mo dithabeng tse bo ile jwa golaganngwa le batsomi ba ba bapalang ba lefelo le. Go dumelwa gore Badimo ba ba [[Basarwa|San]] ba takile dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng kwa Tsodilo, mme gape e ne e le bone ba ba neng ba tla ba nna mo magageng le mo mantsweng. Go na le bosupi jwa gore batho ba Bantu ke beng ne ba ditiro dingwe tsa botaki kwa dithabeng tse. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di ile tsa supiwa gore di ne di le teng dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le bone pele ga gompieno. === Logaga lwa Tshukudu === [[Rhino Cave|Logaga lwa Tshukudu]] lo kwa ntlheng ya Bokone jwa Thaba ya Mosadi mme le na le mabota a mabedi a matona kwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng di leng teng. Setshwantsho sa Tshukudu e Tshweu ( se logaga lo reeletsweng morago ga sone ) se mo leboteng le le kwa bokone, mme se kgaogantswe ke setshwantsho se sengwe sa Thutlwa . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Fa go ne go epiwa bodilo jwa logaga go ne ga fitlhelwa dilo tse dintsi tsa matlapa. Logaga lo ga lo na kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, dilo tsa marapo tse di dirilweng ka diatla, mmopa kgotsa tshipi, fela go ne go na le dikarolwana di le mmalwa tsa kgapetlana ya mongongo tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tsa Motlha wa Letlapa wa Moragonyana . <ref name="rhino" /> [[File:Giraffe_Rock_Art_Painting_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Botaki jwa Thutlwa mo Letlapeng: Dithaba tsa Tsodilo]] Magala a a fitlhetsweng ka nako ya go epa a ile a bewa gore ke a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Aforika, Motlha wa Leje la Moragonyana (LSA), le Motlha wa Leje la Bogare (MSA). Bontsi jwa dilo tsa mantswe tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa kwa LSA di ne di dirilwe ka didirisiwa tsa lefelo le jaaka quartz le jasper. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dilo tsa MSA tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa mo logageng ke dintlha tsa porojekethaele tse di baakantsweng. Dintlha tse di tlwaelesegile go fitlhelwa mo dikgatong tse di farologaneng tsa go dirwa, tse dingwe di tlogetswe di sa felelela mme tse dingwe di feditswe. <ref name="rhino" /> Ditshwantsho tsa Logaga lwa Tshukudu di fitlhelwa thata mo leboteng la Bokone, mme di pentilwe ka mmala o mohibidu kgotsa o mohibidu-wa namune, ntle le tshukudu e e neng e pentilwe ka bosweu. Go dikologa tshukudu le thutlwa go na le ditshwantsho tse di farologaneng, bontsi jwa tsone di le bohibidu, tsa jiomethirikisi. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Mo leboteng le le bapileng le lone, logaga lo na le mesima le dikhuti tse di epilweng mo lentsweng. E ka tswa e epilwe ka go dirisa matlapa a a epang kgotsa matlapa a a silang go tswa mo pakeng ya LSA, a a fitlhetsweng kwa Tsodilo. <ref name="rhino" /> === Ditshwantsho Tse Di Tshweu === [[File:Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|right|thumb|Papiso ya Botaki jwa Mantswe a Mahibidu le a Masweu kwa Tsodilo]] Botaki jwa letlapa jwa mmala o mosweu kwa Tsodilo bo amanngwa le merafe ya Bantu . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRobbinsMurphyCampbellBrook1996">Robbins, Lawrence; Murphy, Michael; Campbell, Alec; Brook, George (1996). "Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''28''': <span class="nowrap">23–</span>45. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980131 40980131].</cite></ref> Bontsi jwa ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di fitlhelwa mo Lefelong la White Paintings le le biditsweng go tsamaelana, le le mo Thabeng ya Monna. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu mo lefelong le la tshireletso, gape.) Ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di supa diphologolo, tsa mo gae le tsa naga, ga mmogo le ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng go tswana le batho. <ref name="wps" /> Ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng jaaka batho gantsi di pentiwa di beile diatla mo dinokeng. Bonnye tsa tsone di supa batho ba palame dipitse, se se kayang gore tse di ne di pentilwe e seng pele ga bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800, fa dipitse di ne di tsisiwa la ntlha mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> Tse di tserweng mo magaleng, kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, disampole tsa marapo le masalela di ne di supa dingwaga go simolola ka MSA go ya go LSA. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le bosupi gape jwa gore lefelo le le ne le dirisiwa ka nako ya ditso: konopo ya nylon le dibaga tsa galase tsa Yuropa di ne tsa fitlhelwa mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo mo mesimeng e e epilweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> ) Masalela a LSA a ne a akaretsa matlapa a a epang le matlapa a go sila, mmogo le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa marapo le matlapa a mannye. Maphatlo a tsa tse di dirilweng ka letsopa, dibaga tsa dikgapetlana tsa mae a ntŝhe le dikgapetlana tsa mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa. <ref name="wps" /> Masalela a tsa MSA a ne akaretsa matlapa a a segang mmogo le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa matlapa. === Ditshwantsho tse di Khibidu === [[File:Animals_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Diphologolo tsa botaki jwa matlapa]] Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di na le botaki jo bontsintsi jwa letlapa le lehibidu; bo ka bonwa mo lefelong lotlhe. Kwa Logageng la Tshukudu, ditshwantsho dingwe tse dikhibidu di lebega di le bogologolo go feta tshukudu e tshweu. Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng tse dikhibidu fa, le go dikologa Tsodilo, di bolelwa gore ke tsa [[Basarwa]] . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> === Lefelo la Depression Rock (lentswe le le kwa tlase) === [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings1.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se sehibidu sa tshukudu]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings4.jpg|right|thumb|Ditshukudu le sebopego se se tshwanang le kgomo]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings5.jpg|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng ka bohibidu jo bo nyeletseng kwa Tsodilo]] Le fitlhelwa ka fa letlhakoreng la bokonebophirima jwa Thaba ya Mosadi, lefelo le le tsere leina la lone go tswa mo dikhuting tse di epilweng mo maboteng a lefelo le. Matshwao a a patilwe ke ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu tse go lebegang e le dikgomo, gammogo le ditshwantsho tsa jiomethiri. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Lefelo le la tshireletso ya matlapa, le le supiwang dinako tsa lone go tswa mo disampoleng tsa magala, go ne ga nniwa lantlha mo go lone mo dingwageng di ka nna bonnye jwa dikete di le masome a le mararo tse di fetileng. <ref name="depression" /> Go epilwe didirisiwa tsa matlapa tsa LSA le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa Motlha wa Tshipi. Dilo tsa letsopa tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tse di kwa teng thata di ne tsa supiwa e le tsa lekgolo la ntlha la dingwaga , mme di amana le dilo tsa bogologolo thata tsa matlapa tse di fitlhetsweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Dikgapetlana tsa manoko a Mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa mo masaleleng a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le dikarolo tse di kwa teng thata, se se dirang gore e nne manoko a mongongo a bogologolo go gaisa a a kileng a bonwa mo go tsotlhe tsa go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. <ref name="depression" /> === Thuto ya tshipi === Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di dirilwe ke mafelo a le mmalwa a go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. Mafelo a le mabedi mo go a, a a itsegeng jaaka [[Divuyu]] le [[Nqoma]], a na le bosupi jwa dilo tsa tshipi tsa Motlha wa Pele wa Tshipi <ref name="metal">{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Duncan |last2=van der Merwe |first2=Nikolaas |date=1994 |title=Early Iron Age Metal Working at the Tsodilo Hills, Northwestern Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=101–115 |bibcode=1994JArSc..21..101M |doi=10.1006/jasc.1994.1011}}</ref> Tse di epolotsweng mo mafelong a mabedi a di ne di na le dikarolwana tsa didirisiwa tsa tshipi, tsotlhe di dirilwe ka tshipi le/kgotsa kopore. Dikarolo tsa makgabisa e ne e le tsa dibaga, , dikeetane le manyena mme didirisiwa di ne di akaretsa di- chesele, di- projectile le metswi ya digai, le magare tota. <ref name="metal" /> Mafelo a mabedi a a tswana ka maranyane a go dira didirisiwa di, mme a na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya go bereka tshipi. Slag le tuyères di lebega di supa gore Divuyu le Nqoma e ka tswa e ne e le mafelo a go nyerolosa tshipi, mme se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafelo a le mmalwa a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Pele mo borwa jwa Afrika a a nang le bosupi jwa go dira tshipi. <ref name="metal" /> == Bokao jwa Ngwao == Dithaba tse di na le bokao jo bogolo jwa ngwao le jwa semoya mo bathong ba Basarwa ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba tse ke lefelo la boikhutso la mewa ya baswi le gore mewa e e tlaa baka matlhotlhapelo le go tlhoka lesego fa mongwe a ka tsoma kgotsa a baka loso gaufi le tsone. Tsodilo gape ke kgang e go ngangisanwang ka yone mabapi le ka fa Basarwa ba kileng ba bo ba tshela ka teng. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sadr |first=Karim |date=1997 |title=Kalahari archaeology and the Bushman debate |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=104–112 |doi=10.1086/204590 |jstor=2744444 |s2cid=144203689}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills,_Botswana.jpg|left|thumb|[[Lefelo la Tsodilo|Tsodilo Hills]] mo Bokone Bophirima jwa Botswana.]] === Ithunthuntso ya setso ka puo === Batho ba le bantsi ba lefelo le go dikologa dithaba tsa Tsodilo ba na le dipolelo tsa dinako tse di fetileng tse di buang ka magaga a mantsi a a takilweng le mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa mo lefelong le. Dithuto tse tsa puo gantsi di bolela ka batho ba Zhu, setlhopha sa [[Basarwa]], ba dirisa mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa go itshireletsa mo dielementeng kgotsa jaaka mafelo a dingwao. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings3.jpg|left|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo letlapeng]] Nngwe ya dipolelo tse e bolela gore batsomi ba ne ba tla mo mafelong a a sireleditsweng mo mantsweng go ikgolaganya le Badimo fa letsomo le ne le sa atlega. Ba ne ba tla bo ba kopa letsomo le le siameng nako e e tlang fa ba tswa. <ref name="oral">{{Cite journal |last=Campbell |first=A.C. |last2=Robbins |first2=L.H. |last3=Murphy |first3=M.L. |date=1994 |title=Oral Traditions and Archaeology of the Tsodilo Hills Male Hill Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=26 |pages=37–54 |jstor=40959180}}</ref> Ka go leboga, fa letsomo le atlegile, batho ba ne ba tla bo ba boela kwa lefelong le la tshireletso mme ba apeela Badimo ba bone. Mo mangweng a mafelo a a neng a bolelwa e le a kampa, ga go na bosupi jo bontsi jwa masalela a molelo. <ref name="oral" /> Mme fela, go na le mafelo a go dirwang ditiro tsa tumelo tse di tshwanang le dithapelo tsa go dira pula. Bagolo ba mo lefelong le ba sa ntse ba gakologelwa ba dirisa mafelo mangwe a a sireletsegileng a matlapa jaaka mafelo a go kampa fa ba sa ntse ba le bana. Lefelo la tshireletso la letlapa la Whites Paintings le ka tswa le ne le dirisiwa jaaka kampa ka paka ya dipula go tloga ka dingwaga di le masome a le bosupa go ya kwa go di le masome a le boferabobedi tse di fetileng. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[Basarwa|Batho ba lefelo le ba Basarwa]] ba dumela gore Tsodilo ke botsalo jwa botshelo jotlhe le botaki koo bo dirilwe ke dikokomane tsa batho ba ntlha. Thuto ka popego ya Tsodilo, ditselana le dikhuti mo lefatsheng di itsege jaaka ditselana le dikgato tsa diphologolo tsa ntlha, di dira tsela ya tsone go ya kwa mosimeng wa ntlha wa metsi <ref name="ritual">{{Cite journal |last=Segadika |first=Phillip |date=2006 |title=Managing Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo |journal=Museum International |volume=58 |issue=1–2 |pages=31–40 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0033.2006.00548.x |s2cid=54755278}}</ref> ). Motswedi wa metsi wa tlholego kwa Tsodilo, gaufi le Thaba ya Mosadi, o dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la go beeletsa metsi le lefelo la ditiro tsa tumelo. O bonwa o le boitshepo, mme o dirisiwa ke batho ba le bantsintsi go iphepafatsa, go fodisa le go sireletsa. <ref name="ritual" /> ==Dipadi tse dingwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} ==Dipadi tse dingwe== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] rypng6b30mcby0gm0tykio4f7f30et8 52170 52169 2026-07-08T16:50:58Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} '''Dithaba Tsa Tsodilo''' ( {{Langx|tn|Lefelo la Tsodilo}} ) ke Lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe Lotlhe la UNESCO ( WHS ), le le nang le botaki jwa matlapa, mafelo a a sireletsegileng a matlapa, dikhuti le magaga mo [[Botswana]], kwa Borwa jwa Aforika . Le ne la tsenngwa lantlha mo lenaneong la WHS ka 2001 ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa lone jo bo kgethegileng jwa bodumedi le bokao jwa tsa semoya mo bathong ba lefelo le, ga mmogo le kgatiso ya lone e e kgethegileng ya go nna ga batho teng mo dingwageng di le sekete tse dintsi. [[UNESCO]] e akanyetsa gore go na le ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo mantsweng tse di fetang dikete di le nne le makgolo a le matlhano mo lefelong le. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thebe |first=Phenyo |title=Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo Hills |url=https://www.academia.edu/4460523}}</ref> Lefelo le le na le dithaba di le mmalwa tse dikgolo tse di bidiwang Thaba ya Ngwana, Thaba ya Mosadi le Thaba ya Monna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> ==Botlhokwa jwa ngwao== Dithaba tse ke tse ditona tsa ngwao le tumelo tsa [[Basarwa|ba letso la Sesarwa]] ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba ke lefelo la mewa ya ba ba tlhokafetseng gape ba bo ba dumela gore mewa e e ka baka dingwe dilo tse di sa siamang fa motho a ka tsoma kgotsa baka leso gaufi le dithaba tse. Basarwa ba dumela gore dithaba ke tsone tsa ntlha go tlholwa. Ka nnete e e papametseng , Basarwa ba tlakile matlapa a ka tshwara dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhano (4500) fa go tshwangtshangwa le dithaba tsa Tsodilo, se se dira gore e nne lefelo le le tumileng lefatshe ka bophara. Basarwa ba dirile botaki le fa go nale ba letso la Bantu ba botshelo jwa bone bo farologanang le jwa Basarwa. Nako e e tsepameng tota ya gore matlapa a takilwe leng ga e itsewe le fa go akanyediwa gore e ka tswa e feta dingwaga tse di makgolokgolo a mabedi. Ba letso la Hambukushu ba dumela gore modimo wa bone ebong, Nyambe, o tsentse letso le leruo la bone mo thabeng ya mosadi. Bosupi jo bo tletseng bo bonwa ka dikgato tse di ipadileng mo matlapeng kwa godimo. (Lefoko ''Tsodilo'' le adimilwe mo lefokona la Hambukushu la 'sorile' le le rayang go fapoga.) Mo bokone-bophirima jwa thaba ya mosadi , sekgelenyana kwa godimo go tsweng kwa tlase go nale moepo yo o tladitsweng ka metsi. Metsi a a dumelwa fa a le boitshepo gape batho ba itlhapisa ka one gore ba nne le masego. Lefelo le boitshepo ke le le bapileng le "thaba ya monna, lentswe le letona,kwa go dumelwang gore mowa wa ntlha o ne wa khubama teng go rapela fa o tlhola lefatshe. Basarwa ba santse ba dumela gore o santse o ka bona dikakanyo sa mowa ntlha' le one mangole mo mantsweng. Thaba e e nyenyane ke 'ngwana'. La bofelo, go ya ka tlhamane, thaba ya bone e ne e le mosadi wa thaba ya bone ya monna, yo o motlogetseng go ya kwa go yo monye. ==Matlapa a a tlakilweng== Go ya ka ba UNESCO, go nale matlapa a le 4500 a a tlakilweng mo dithabeng tsa Tsodilo.Bontsi jwa matlapa a a tlakilweng a Basarwa a bonwa thata mo thabeng ya "Mosadi" e e tumileng thata ka botlaki jwa "ditlhapi", "di tshukudu tse pedi" gape le "Tau" mo botlhaba jwa thaba ya "monna". Go nale matlapa a a tlakilweng , mme ga a amana thata le dithaba tse di mabapi. Go nale dikaedi tse di tsentsweng , mme gone botlaki ga bo bonale sentle fela mokaedi yo o rutegileng o ka kgona go go lemogedisa. Ka go rialo baeng ba tlamiwa go tsaya mokaedi wa mo motseng. Se se tlokafatsa itsholelo ya lefatshe mme ebile go bo go sirelediwa lefelo le. == Kitso ka popego ya lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le dithaba tse ditona di le nne. E e kwa godimo go di feta e na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Dithaba tse nne tse di tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> Di ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go tsone go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga dithaba tse pedi tse di tona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Basarwa mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. == Thuto ka matlapa == [[File:Laurens_van_der_Post_Panel.jpg|left|thumb|Phanele ya Laurens van der, 2006]] Batho ba dirisitse mantswe a dithaba tsa Tsodilo go taka le go dira meletlo dingwaga di le diketekete. Palo kakanyetso ya [[UNESCO]] e supa fa dithaba tse di na le mafelo a le makgolo a le matlhano a a ikemetseng ka bongwe a a kayang dingwaga di le diketekete tsa bonno jwa batho. Botaki jwa matlapa mo dithabeng tse bo ile jwa golaganngwa le batsomi ba ba bapalang ba lefelo le. Go dumelwa gore Badimo ba ba [[Basarwa|San]] ba takile dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng kwa Tsodilo, mme gape e ne e le bone ba ba neng ba tla ba nna mo magageng le mo mantsweng. Go na le bosupi jwa gore batho ba Bantu ke beng ne ba ditiro dingwe tsa botaki kwa dithabeng tse. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di ile tsa supiwa gore di ne di le teng dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le bone pele ga gompieno. === Logaga lwa Tshukudu === [[Rhino Cave|Logaga lwa Tshukudu]] lo kwa ntlheng ya Bokone jwa Thaba ya Mosadi mme le na le mabota a mabedi a matona kwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng di leng teng. Setshwantsho sa Tshukudu e Tshweu ( se logaga lo reeletsweng morago ga sone ) se mo leboteng le le kwa bokone, mme se kgaogantswe ke setshwantsho se sengwe sa Thutlwa . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Fa go ne go epiwa bodilo jwa logaga go ne ga fitlhelwa dilo tse dintsi tsa matlapa. Logaga lo ga lo na kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, dilo tsa marapo tse di dirilweng ka diatla, mmopa kgotsa tshipi, fela go ne go na le dikarolwana di le mmalwa tsa kgapetlana ya mongongo tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tsa Motlha wa Letlapa wa Moragonyana . <ref name="rhino" /> [[File:Giraffe_Rock_Art_Painting_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Botaki jwa Thutlwa mo Letlapeng: Dithaba tsa Tsodilo]] Magala a a fitlhetsweng ka nako ya go epa a ile a bewa gore ke a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Aforika, Motlha wa Leje la Moragonyana (LSA), le Motlha wa Leje la Bogare (MSA). Bontsi jwa dilo tsa mantswe tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa kwa LSA di ne di dirilwe ka didirisiwa tsa lefelo le jaaka quartz le jasper. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dilo tsa MSA tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa mo logageng ke dintlha tsa porojekethaele tse di baakantsweng. Dintlha tse di tlwaelesegile go fitlhelwa mo dikgatong tse di farologaneng tsa go dirwa, tse dingwe di tlogetswe di sa felelela mme tse dingwe di feditswe. <ref name="rhino" /> Ditshwantsho tsa Logaga lwa Tshukudu di fitlhelwa thata mo leboteng la Bokone, mme di pentilwe ka mmala o mohibidu kgotsa o mohibidu-wa namune, ntle le tshukudu e e neng e pentilwe ka bosweu. Go dikologa tshukudu le thutlwa go na le ditshwantsho tse di farologaneng, bontsi jwa tsone di le bohibidu, tsa jiomethirikisi. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Mo leboteng le le bapileng le lone, logaga lo na le mesima le dikhuti tse di epilweng mo lentsweng. E ka tswa e epilwe ka go dirisa matlapa a a epang kgotsa matlapa a a silang go tswa mo pakeng ya LSA, a a fitlhetsweng kwa Tsodilo. <ref name="rhino" /> === Ditshwantsho Tse Di Tshweu === [[File:Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|right|thumb|Papiso ya Botaki jwa Mantswe a Mahibidu le a Masweu kwa Tsodilo]] Botaki jwa letlapa jwa mmala o mosweu kwa Tsodilo bo amanngwa le merafe ya Bantu . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRobbinsMurphyCampbellBrook1996">Robbins, Lawrence; Murphy, Michael; Campbell, Alec; Brook, George (1996). "Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''28''': <span class="nowrap">23–</span>45. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980131 40980131].</cite></ref> Bontsi jwa ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di fitlhelwa mo Lefelong la White Paintings le le biditsweng go tsamaelana, le le mo Thabeng ya Monna. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu mo lefelong le la tshireletso, gape.) Ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di supa diphologolo, tsa mo gae le tsa naga, ga mmogo le ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng go tswana le batho. <ref name="wps" /> Ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng jaaka batho gantsi di pentiwa di beile diatla mo dinokeng. Bonnye tsa tsone di supa batho ba palame dipitse, se se kayang gore tse di ne di pentilwe e seng pele ga bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800, fa dipitse di ne di tsisiwa la ntlha mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> Tse di tserweng mo magaleng, kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, disampole tsa marapo le masalela di ne di supa dingwaga go simolola ka MSA go ya go LSA. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le bosupi gape jwa gore lefelo le le ne le dirisiwa ka nako ya ditso: konopo ya nylon le dibaga tsa galase tsa Yuropa di ne tsa fitlhelwa mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo mo mesimeng e e epilweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> ) Masalela a LSA a ne a akaretsa matlapa a a epang le matlapa a go sila, mmogo le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa marapo le matlapa a mannye. Maphatlo a tsa tse di dirilweng ka letsopa, dibaga tsa dikgapetlana tsa mae a ntŝhe le dikgapetlana tsa mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa. <ref name="wps" /> Masalela a tsa MSA a ne akaretsa matlapa a a segang mmogo le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa matlapa. === Ditshwantsho tse di Khibidu === [[File:Animals_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Diphologolo tsa botaki jwa matlapa]] Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di na le botaki jo bontsintsi jwa letlapa le lehibidu; bo ka bonwa mo lefelong lotlhe. Kwa Logageng la Tshukudu, ditshwantsho dingwe tse dikhibidu di lebega di le bogologolo go feta tshukudu e tshweu. Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng tse dikhibidu fa, le go dikologa Tsodilo, di bolelwa gore ke tsa [[Basarwa]] . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> === Lefelo la Depression Rock (lentswe le le kwa tlase) === [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings1.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se sehibidu sa tshukudu]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings4.jpg|right|thumb|Ditshukudu le sebopego se se tshwanang le kgomo]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings5.jpg|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng ka bohibidu jo bo nyeletseng kwa Tsodilo]] Le fitlhelwa ka fa letlhakoreng la bokonebophirima jwa Thaba ya Mosadi, lefelo le le tsere leina la lone go tswa mo dikhuting tse di epilweng mo maboteng a lefelo le. Matshwao a a patilwe ke ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu tse go lebegang e le dikgomo, gammogo le ditshwantsho tsa jiomethiri. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Lefelo le la tshireletso ya matlapa, le le supiwang dinako tsa lone go tswa mo disampoleng tsa magala, go ne ga nniwa lantlha mo go lone mo dingwageng di ka nna bonnye jwa dikete di le masome a le mararo tse di fetileng. <ref name="depression" /> Go epilwe didirisiwa tsa matlapa tsa LSA le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa Motlha wa Tshipi. Dilo tsa letsopa tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tse di kwa teng thata di ne tsa supiwa e le tsa lekgolo la ntlha la dingwaga , mme di amana le dilo tsa bogologolo thata tsa matlapa tse di fitlhetsweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Dikgapetlana tsa manoko a Mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa mo masaleleng a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le dikarolo tse di kwa teng thata, se se dirang gore e nne manoko a mongongo a bogologolo go gaisa a a kileng a bonwa mo go tsotlhe tsa go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. <ref name="depression" /> === Thuto ya tshipi === Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di dirilwe ke mafelo a le mmalwa a go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. Mafelo a le mabedi mo go a, a a itsegeng jaaka [[Divuyu]] le [[Nqoma]], a na le bosupi jwa dilo tsa tshipi tsa Motlha wa Pele wa Tshipi <ref name="metal">{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Duncan |last2=van der Merwe |first2=Nikolaas |date=1994 |title=Early Iron Age Metal Working at the Tsodilo Hills, Northwestern Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=101–115 |bibcode=1994JArSc..21..101M |doi=10.1006/jasc.1994.1011}}</ref> Tse di epolotsweng mo mafelong a mabedi a di ne di na le dikarolwana tsa didirisiwa tsa tshipi, tsotlhe di dirilwe ka tshipi le/kgotsa kopore. Dikarolo tsa makgabisa e ne e le tsa dibaga, , dikeetane le manyena mme didirisiwa di ne di akaretsa di- chesele, di- projectile le metswi ya digai, le magare tota. <ref name="metal" /> Mafelo a mabedi a a tswana ka maranyane a go dira didirisiwa di, mme a na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya go bereka tshipi. Slag le tuyères di lebega di supa gore Divuyu le Nqoma e ka tswa e ne e le mafelo a go nyerolosa tshipi, mme se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafelo a le mmalwa a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Pele mo borwa jwa Afrika a a nang le bosupi jwa go dira tshipi. <ref name="metal" /> == Bokao jwa Ngwao == Dithaba tse di na le bokao jo bogolo jwa ngwao le jwa semoya mo bathong ba Basarwa ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba tse ke lefelo la boikhutso la mewa ya baswi le gore mewa e e tlaa baka matlhotlhapelo le go tlhoka lesego fa mongwe a ka tsoma kgotsa a baka loso gaufi le tsone. Tsodilo gape ke kgang e go ngangisanwang ka yone mabapi le ka fa Basarwa ba kileng ba bo ba tshela ka teng. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sadr |first=Karim |date=1997 |title=Kalahari archaeology and the Bushman debate |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=104–112 |doi=10.1086/204590 |jstor=2744444 |s2cid=144203689}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills,_Botswana.jpg|left|thumb|[[Lefelo la Tsodilo|Tsodilo Hills]] mo Bokone Bophirima jwa Botswana.]] === Ithunthuntso ya setso ka puo === Batho ba le bantsi ba lefelo le go dikologa dithaba tsa Tsodilo ba na le dipolelo tsa dinako tse di fetileng tse di buang ka magaga a mantsi a a takilweng le mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa mo lefelong le. Dithuto tse tsa puo gantsi di bolela ka batho ba Zhu, setlhopha sa [[Basarwa]], ba dirisa mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa go itshireletsa mo dielementeng kgotsa jaaka mafelo a dingwao. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings3.jpg|left|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo letlapeng]] Nngwe ya dipolelo tse e bolela gore batsomi ba ne ba tla mo mafelong a a sireleditsweng mo mantsweng go ikgolaganya le Badimo fa letsomo le ne le sa atlega. Ba ne ba tla bo ba kopa letsomo le le siameng nako e e tlang fa ba tswa. <ref name="oral">{{Cite journal |last=Campbell |first=A.C. |last2=Robbins |first2=L.H. |last3=Murphy |first3=M.L. |date=1994 |title=Oral Traditions and Archaeology of the Tsodilo Hills Male Hill Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=26 |pages=37–54 |jstor=40959180}}</ref> Ka go leboga, fa letsomo le atlegile, batho ba ne ba tla bo ba boela kwa lefelong le la tshireletso mme ba apeela Badimo ba bone. Mo mangweng a mafelo a a neng a bolelwa e le a kampa, ga go na bosupi jo bontsi jwa masalela a molelo. <ref name="oral" /> Mme fela, go na le mafelo a go dirwang ditiro tsa tumelo tse di tshwanang le dithapelo tsa go dira pula. Bagolo ba mo lefelong le ba sa ntse ba gakologelwa ba dirisa mafelo mangwe a a sireletsegileng a matlapa jaaka mafelo a go kampa fa ba sa ntse ba le bana. Lefelo la tshireletso la letlapa la Whites Paintings le ka tswa le ne le dirisiwa jaaka kampa ka paka ya dipula go tloga ka dingwaga di le masome a le bosupa go ya kwa go di le masome a le boferabobedi tse di fetileng. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[Basarwa|Batho ba lefelo le ba Basarwa]] ba dumela gore Tsodilo ke botsalo jwa botshelo jotlhe le botaki koo bo dirilwe ke dikokomane tsa batho ba ntlha. Thuto ka popego ya Tsodilo, ditselana le dikhuti mo lefatsheng di itsege jaaka ditselana le dikgato tsa diphologolo tsa ntlha, di dira tsela ya tsone go ya kwa mosimeng wa ntlha wa metsi <ref name="ritual">{{Cite journal |last=Segadika |first=Phillip |date=2006 |title=Managing Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo |journal=Museum International |volume=58 |issue=1–2 |pages=31–40 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0033.2006.00548.x |s2cid=54755278}}</ref> ). Motswedi wa metsi wa tlholego kwa Tsodilo, gaufi le Thaba ya Mosadi, o dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la go beeletsa metsi le lefelo la ditiro tsa tumelo. O bonwa o le boitshepo, mme o dirisiwa ke batho ba le bantsintsi go iphepafatsa, go fodisa le go sireletsa. <ref name="ritual" /> ==Kitso ye nngwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} ==Dipadi tse dingwe== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] hbx94wg34q6m49a1kn6b01jk8ownukb 52173 52170 2026-07-08T18:17:57Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} '''Dithaba Tsa Tsodilo''' ( {{Langx|tn|Lefelo la Tsodilo}} ) ke Lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe Lotlhe la UNESCO ( WHS ), le le nang le botaki jwa matlapa, mafelo a a sireletsegileng a matlapa, dikhuti le magaga mo [[Botswana]], kwa Borwa jwa Aforika . Le ne la tsenngwa lantlha mo lenaneong la WHS ka 2001 ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa lone jo bo kgethegileng jwa bodumedi le bokao jwa tsa semoya mo bathong ba lefelo le, ga mmogo le kgatiso ya lone e e kgethegileng ya go nna ga batho teng mo dingwageng di le sekete tse dintsi. [[UNESCO]] e akanyetsa gore go na le ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo mantsweng tse di fetang dikete di le nne le makgolo a le matlhano mo lefelong le. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thebe |first=Phenyo |title=Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo Hills |url=https://www.academia.edu/4460523}}</ref> Lefelo le le na le dithaba di le mmalwa tse dikgolo tse di bidiwang Thaba ya Ngwana, Thaba ya Mosadi le Thaba ya Monna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> ==Botlhokwa jwa ngwao== Dithaba tse ke tse ditona tsa ngwao le tumelo tsa [[Basarwa|ba letso la Sesarwa]] ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba ke lefelo la mewa ya ba ba tlhokafetseng gape ba bo ba dumela gore mewa e e ka baka dingwe dilo tse di sa siamang fa motho a ka tsoma kgotsa baka leso gaufi le dithaba tse. Basarwa ba dumela gore dithaba ke tsone tsa ntlha go tlholwa. Ka nnete e e papametseng , Basarwa ba tlakile matlapa a ka tshwara dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhano (4500) fa go tshwangtshangwa le dithaba tsa Tsodilo, se se dira gore e nne lefelo le le tumileng lefatshe ka bophara. Basarwa ba dirile botaki le fa go nale ba letso la Bantu ba botshelo jwa bone bo farologanang le jwa Basarwa. Nako e e tsepameng tota ya gore matlapa a takilwe leng ga e itsewe le fa go akanyediwa gore e ka tswa e feta dingwaga tse di makgolokgolo a mabedi. Ba letso la Hambukushu ba dumela gore modimo wa bone ebong, Nyambe, o tsentse letso le leruo la bone mo thabeng ya mosadi. Bosupi jo bo tletseng bo bonwa ka dikgato tse di ipadileng mo matlapeng kwa godimo. (Lefoko ''Tsodilo'' le adimilwe mo lefokona la Hambukushu la 'sorile' le le rayang go fapoga.) Mo bokone-bophirima jwa thaba ya mosadi , sekgelenyana kwa godimo go tsweng kwa tlase go nale moepo yo o tladitsweng ka metsi. Metsi a a dumelwa fa a le boitshepo gape batho ba itlhapisa ka one gore ba nne le masego. Lefelo le boitshepo ke le le bapileng le "thaba ya monna, lentswe le letona,kwa go dumelwang gore mowa wa ntlha o ne wa khubama teng go rapela fa o tlhola lefatshe. Basarwa ba santse ba dumela gore o santse o ka bona dikakanyo sa mowa ntlha' le one mangole mo mantsweng. Thaba e e nyenyane ke 'ngwana'. La bofelo, go ya ka tlhamane, thaba ya bone e ne e le mosadi wa thaba ya bone ya monna, yo o motlogetseng go ya kwa go yo monye. ==Matlapa a a tlakilweng== Go ya ka ba UNESCO, go nale matlapa a le 4500 a a tlakilweng mo dithabeng tsa Tsodilo.Bontsi jwa matlapa a a tlakilweng a Basarwa a bonwa thata mo thabeng ya "Mosadi" e e tumileng thata ka botlaki jwa "ditlhapi", "di tshukudu tse pedi" gape le "Tau" mo botlhaba jwa thaba ya "monna". Go nale matlapa a a tlakilweng , mme ga a amana thata le dithaba tse di mabapi. Go nale dikaedi tse di tsentsweng , mme gone botlaki ga bo bonale sentle fela mokaedi yo o rutegileng o ka kgona go go lemogedisa. Ka go rialo baeng ba tlamiwa go tsaya mokaedi wa mo motseng. Se se tlokafatsa itsholelo ya lefatshe mme ebile go bo go sirelediwa lefelo le. == Kitso ka popego ya lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le dithaba tse ditona di le nne. E e kwa godimo go di feta e na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Dithaba tse nne tse di tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> Di ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go tsone go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga dithaba tse pedi tse di tona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Basarwa mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. == Thuto ka matlapa == [[File:Laurens_van_der_Post_Panel.jpg|left|thumb|Phanele ya Laurens van der, 2006]] Batho ba dirisitse mantswe a dithaba tsa Tsodilo go taka le go tshwarela ditiro tsa ditumelo tsa bone dingwaga di le diketekete. Palo kakanyetso ya [[UNESCO]] e supa fa dithaba tse di na le mafelo a le makgolo a le matlhano a a ikemetseng ka bongwe a a kayang dingwaga di le diketekete tsa bonno jwa batho. Botaki jwa matlapa mo dithabeng tse bo ile jwa golaganngwa le batsomi ba ba bapalang ba lefelo le. Go dumelwa gore Badimo ba ba [[Basarwa|San]] ba takile dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng kwa Tsodilo, mme gape e ne e le bone ba ba neng ba tla ba nna mo magageng le mo mantsweng. Go na le bosupi jwa gore batho ba Bantu ke beng ne ba ditiro dingwe tsa botaki kwa dithabeng tse. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di ile tsa supiwa gore di ne di le teng dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le bone pele ga gompieno. === Logaga lwa Tshukudu === [[Rhino Cave|Logaga lwa Tshukudu]] lo kwa ntlheng ya Bokone jwa Thaba ya Mosadi mme le na le mabota a mabedi a matona kwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng di leng teng. Setshwantsho sa Tshukudu e Tshweu ( se logaga lo reeletsweng morago ga sone ) se mo leboteng le le kwa bokone, mme se kgaogantswe ke setshwantsho se sengwe sa Thutlwa . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Fa go ne go epiwa bodilo jwa logaga go ne ga fitlhelwa dilo tse dintsi tsa matlapa. Logaga lo ga lo na kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, dilo tsa marapo tse di dirilweng ka diatla, mmopa kgotsa tshipi, fela go ne go na le dikarolwana di le mmalwa tsa kgapetlana ya mongongo tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tsa Motlha wa Letlapa wa Moragonyana . <ref name="rhino" /> [[File:Giraffe_Rock_Art_Painting_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Botaki jwa Thutlwa mo Letlapeng: Dithaba tsa Tsodilo]] Magala a a fitlhetsweng ka nako ya go epa a ile a bewa gore ke a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Aforika, Motlha wa Leje la Moragonyana (LSA), le Motlha wa Leje la Bogare (MSA). Bontsi jwa dilo tsa mantswe tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa kwa LSA di ne di dirilwe ka didirisiwa tsa lefelo le jaaka quartz le jasper. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dilo tsa MSA tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa mo logageng ke dintlha tsa porojekethaele tse di baakantsweng. Dintlha tse di tlwaelesegile go fitlhelwa mo dikgatong tse di farologaneng tsa go dirwa, tse dingwe di tlogetswe di sa felelela mme tse dingwe di feditswe. <ref name="rhino" /> Ditshwantsho tsa Logaga lwa Tshukudu di fitlhelwa thata mo leboteng la Bokone, mme di pentilwe ka mmala o mohibidu kgotsa o mohibidu-wa namune, ntle le tshukudu e e neng e pentilwe ka bosweu. Go dikologa tshukudu le thutlwa go na le ditshwantsho tse di farologaneng, bontsi jwa tsone di le bohibidu, tsa jiomethirikisi. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Mo leboteng le le bapileng le lone, logaga lo na le mesima le dikhuti tse di epilweng mo lentsweng. E ka tswa e epilwe ka go dirisa matlapa a a epang kgotsa matlapa a a silang go tswa mo pakeng ya LSA, a a fitlhetsweng kwa Tsodilo. <ref name="rhino" /> === Ditshwantsho Tse Di Tshweu === [[File:Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|right|thumb|Papiso ya Botaki jwa Mantswe a Mahibidu le a Masweu kwa Tsodilo]] Botaki jwa letlapa jwa mmala o mosweu kwa Tsodilo bo amanngwa le merafe ya Bantu . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRobbinsMurphyCampbellBrook1996">Robbins, Lawrence; Murphy, Michael; Campbell, Alec; Brook, George (1996). "Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''28''': <span class="nowrap">23–</span>45. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980131 40980131].</cite></ref> Bontsi jwa ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di fitlhelwa mo Lefelong la White Paintings le le biditsweng go tsamaelana, le le mo Thabeng ya Monna. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu mo lefelong le la tshireletso, gape.) Ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di supa diphologolo, tsa mo gae le tsa naga, ga mmogo le ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng go tswana le batho. <ref name="wps" /> Ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng jaaka batho gantsi di pentiwa di beile diatla mo dinokeng. Bonnye tsa tsone di supa batho ba palame dipitse, se se kayang gore tse di ne di pentilwe e seng pele ga bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800, fa dipitse di ne di tsisiwa la ntlha mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> Tse di tserweng mo magaleng, kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, disampole tsa marapo le masalela di ne di supa dingwaga go simolola ka MSA go ya go LSA. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le bosupi gape jwa gore lefelo le le ne le dirisiwa ka nako ya ditso: konopo ya nylon le dibaga tsa galase tsa Yuropa di ne tsa fitlhelwa mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo mo mesimeng e e epilweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> ) Masalela a LSA a ne a akaretsa matlapa a a epang le matlapa a go sila, mmogo le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa marapo le matlapa a mannye. Maphatlo a tsa tse di dirilweng ka letsopa, dibaga tsa dikgapetlana tsa mae a ntŝhe le dikgapetlana tsa mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa. <ref name="wps" /> Masalela a tsa MSA a ne akaretsa matlapa a a segang mmogo le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa matlapa. === Ditshwantsho tse di Khibidu === [[File:Animals_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Diphologolo tsa botaki jwa matlapa]] Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di na le botaki jo bontsintsi jwa letlapa le lehibidu; bo ka bonwa mo lefelong lotlhe. Kwa Logageng la Tshukudu, ditshwantsho dingwe tse dikhibidu di lebega di le bogologolo go feta tshukudu e tshweu. Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng tse dikhibidu fa, le go dikologa Tsodilo, di bolelwa gore ke tsa [[Basarwa]] . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> === Lefelo la Depression Rock (lentswe le le kwa tlase) === [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings1.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se sehibidu sa tshukudu]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings4.jpg|right|thumb|Ditshukudu le sebopego se se tshwanang le kgomo]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings5.jpg|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng ka bohibidu jo bo nyeletseng kwa Tsodilo]] Le fitlhelwa ka fa letlhakoreng la bokonebophirima jwa Thaba ya Mosadi, lefelo le le tsere leina la lone go tswa mo dikhuting tse di epilweng mo maboteng a lefelo le. Matshwao a a patilwe ke ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu tse go lebegang e le dikgomo, gammogo le ditshwantsho tsa jiomethiri. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Lefelo le la tshireletso ya matlapa, le le supiwang dinako tsa lone go tswa mo disampoleng tsa magala, go ne ga nniwa lantlha mo go lone mo dingwageng di ka nna bonnye jwa dikete di le masome a le mararo tse di fetileng. <ref name="depression" /> Go epilwe didirisiwa tsa matlapa tsa LSA le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa Motlha wa Tshipi. Dilo tsa letsopa tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tse di kwa teng thata di ne tsa supiwa e le tsa lekgolo la ntlha la dingwaga , mme di amana le dilo tsa bogologolo thata tsa matlapa tse di fitlhetsweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Dikgapetlana tsa manoko a Mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa mo masaleleng a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le dikarolo tse di kwa teng thata, se se dirang gore e nne manoko a mongongo a bogologolo go gaisa a a kileng a bonwa mo go tsotlhe tsa go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. <ref name="depression" /> === Thuto ya tshipi === Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di dirilwe ke mafelo a le mmalwa a go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. Mafelo a le mabedi mo go a, a a itsegeng jaaka [[Divuyu]] le [[Nqoma]], a na le bosupi jwa dilo tsa tshipi tsa Motlha wa Pele wa Tshipi <ref name="metal">{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Duncan |last2=van der Merwe |first2=Nikolaas |date=1994 |title=Early Iron Age Metal Working at the Tsodilo Hills, Northwestern Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=101–115 |bibcode=1994JArSc..21..101M |doi=10.1006/jasc.1994.1011}}</ref> Tse di epolotsweng mo mafelong a mabedi a di ne di na le dikarolwana tsa didirisiwa tsa tshipi, tsotlhe di dirilwe ka tshipi le/kgotsa kopore. Dikarolo tsa makgabisa e ne e le tsa dibaga, , dikeetane le manyena mme didirisiwa di ne di akaretsa di- chesele, di- projectile le metswi ya digai, le magare tota. <ref name="metal" /> Mafelo a mabedi a a tswana ka maranyane a go dira didirisiwa di, mme a na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya go bereka tshipi. Slag le tuyères di lebega di supa gore Divuyu le Nqoma e ka tswa e ne e le mafelo a go nyerolosa tshipi, mme se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafelo a le mmalwa a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Pele mo borwa jwa Afrika a a nang le bosupi jwa go dira tshipi. <ref name="metal" /> == Bokao jwa Ngwao == Dithaba tse di na le bokao jo bogolo jwa ngwao le jwa semoya mo bathong ba Basarwa ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba tse ke lefelo la boikhutso la mewa ya baswi le gore mewa e e tlaa baka matlhotlhapelo le go tlhoka lesego fa mongwe a ka tsoma kgotsa a baka loso gaufi le tsone. Tsodilo gape ke kgang e go ngangisanwang ka yone mabapi le ka fa Basarwa ba kileng ba bo ba tshela ka teng. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sadr |first=Karim |date=1997 |title=Kalahari archaeology and the Bushman debate |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=104–112 |doi=10.1086/204590 |jstor=2744444 |s2cid=144203689}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills,_Botswana.jpg|left|thumb|[[Lefelo la Tsodilo|Tsodilo Hills]] mo Bokone Bophirima jwa Botswana.]] === Ithunthuntso ya setso ka puo === Batho ba le bantsi ba lefelo le go dikologa dithaba tsa Tsodilo ba na le dipolelo tsa dinako tse di fetileng tse di buang ka magaga a mantsi a a takilweng le mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa mo lefelong le. Dithuto tse tsa puo gantsi di bolela ka batho ba Zhu, setlhopha sa [[Basarwa]], ba dirisa mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa go itshireletsa mo dielementeng kgotsa jaaka mafelo a dingwao. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings3.jpg|left|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo letlapeng]] Nngwe ya dipolelo tse e bolela gore batsomi ba ne ba tla mo mafelong a a sireleditsweng mo mantsweng go ikgolaganya le Badimo fa letsomo le ne le sa atlega. Ba ne ba tla bo ba kopa letsomo le le siameng nako e e tlang fa ba tswa. <ref name="oral">{{Cite journal |last=Campbell |first=A.C. |last2=Robbins |first2=L.H. |last3=Murphy |first3=M.L. |date=1994 |title=Oral Traditions and Archaeology of the Tsodilo Hills Male Hill Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=26 |pages=37–54 |jstor=40959180}}</ref> Ka go leboga, fa letsomo le atlegile, batho ba ne ba tla bo ba boela kwa lefelong le la tshireletso mme ba apeela Badimo ba bone. Mo mangweng a mafelo a a neng a bolelwa e le a kampa, ga go na bosupi jo bontsi jwa masalela a molelo. <ref name="oral" /> Mme fela, go na le mafelo a go dirwang ditiro tsa tumelo tse di tshwanang le dithapelo tsa go dira pula. Bagolo ba mo lefelong le ba sa ntse ba gakologelwa ba dirisa mafelo mangwe a a sireletsegileng a matlapa jaaka mafelo a go kampa fa ba sa ntse ba le bana. Lefelo la tshireletso la letlapa la Whites Paintings le ka tswa le ne le dirisiwa jaaka kampa ka paka ya dipula go tloga ka dingwaga di le masome a le bosupa go ya kwa go di le masome a le boferabobedi tse di fetileng. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[Basarwa|Batho ba lefelo le ba Basarwa]] ba dumela gore Tsodilo ke botsalo jwa botshelo jotlhe le botaki koo bo dirilwe ke dikokomane tsa batho ba ntlha. Thuto ka popego ya Tsodilo, ditselana le dikhuti mo lefatsheng di itsege jaaka ditselana le dikgato tsa diphologolo tsa ntlha, di dira tsela ya tsone go ya kwa mosimeng wa ntlha wa metsi <ref name="ritual">{{Cite journal |last=Segadika |first=Phillip |date=2006 |title=Managing Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo |journal=Museum International |volume=58 |issue=1–2 |pages=31–40 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0033.2006.00548.x |s2cid=54755278}}</ref> ). Motswedi wa metsi wa tlholego kwa Tsodilo, gaufi le Thaba ya Mosadi, o dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la go beeletsa metsi le lefelo la ditiro tsa tumelo. O bonwa o le boitshepo, mme o dirisiwa ke batho ba le bantsintsi go iphepafatsa, go fodisa le go sireletsa. <ref name="ritual" /> ==Kitso ye nngwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} ==Dipadi tse dingwe== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] ghtlzmow965wp2dyopqpm8qmyasm6tx 52174 52173 2026-07-08T18:19:57Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} '''Dithaba Tsa Tsodilo''' ( {{Langx|tn|Lefelo la Tsodilo}} ) ke Lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe Lotlhe la UNESCO ( WHS ), le le nang le botaki jwa matlapa, mafelo a a sireletsegileng a matlapa, dikhuti le magaga mo [[Botswana]], kwa Borwa jwa Aforika . Le ne la tsenngwa lantlha mo lenaneong la WHS ka 2001 ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa lone jo bo kgethegileng jwa bodumedi le bokao jwa tsa semoya mo bathong ba lefelo le, ga mmogo le kgatiso ya lone e e kgethegileng ya go nna ga batho teng mo dingwageng di le sekete tse dintsi. [[UNESCO]] e akanyetsa gore go na le ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo mantsweng tse di fetang dikete di le nne le makgolo a le matlhano mo lefelong le. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thebe |first=Phenyo |title=Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo Hills |url=https://www.academia.edu/4460523}}</ref> Lefelo le le na le dithaba di le mmalwa tse dikgolo tse di bidiwang Thaba ya Ngwana, Thaba ya Mosadi le Thaba ya Monna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> ==Botlhokwa jwa ngwao== Dithaba tse ke tse ditona tsa ngwao le tumelo tsa [[Basarwa|ba letso la Sesarwa]] ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba ke lefelo la mewa ya ba ba tlhokafetseng gape ba bo ba dumela gore mewa e e ka baka dingwe dilo tse di sa siamang fa motho a ka tsoma kgotsa baka leso gaufi le dithaba tse. Basarwa ba dumela gore dithaba ke tsone tsa ntlha go tlholwa. Ka nnete e e papametseng , Basarwa ba tlakile matlapa a ka tshwara dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhano (4500) fa go tshwangtshangwa le dithaba tsa Tsodilo, se se dira gore e nne lefelo le le tumileng lefatshe ka bophara. Basarwa ba dirile botaki le fa go nale ba letso la Bantu ba botshelo jwa bone bo farologanang le jwa Basarwa. Nako e e tsepameng tota ya gore matlapa a takilwe leng ga e itsewe le fa go akanyediwa gore e ka tswa e feta dingwaga tse di makgolokgolo a mabedi. Ba letso la Hambukushu ba dumela gore modimo wa bone ebong, Nyambe, o tsentse letso le leruo la bone mo thabeng ya mosadi. Bosupi jo bo tletseng bo bonwa ka dikgato tse di ipadileng mo matlapeng kwa godimo. (Lefoko ''Tsodilo'' le adimilwe mo lefokona la Hambukushu la 'sorile' le le rayang go fapoga.) Mo bokone-bophirima jwa thaba ya mosadi , sekgelenyana kwa godimo go tsweng kwa tlase go nale moepo yo o tladitsweng ka metsi. Metsi a a dumelwa fa a le boitshepo gape batho ba itlhapisa ka one gore ba nne le masego. Lefelo le boitshepo ke le le bapileng le "thaba ya monna, lentswe le letona,kwa go dumelwang gore mowa wa ntlha o ne wa khubama teng go rapela fa o tlhola lefatshe. Basarwa ba santse ba dumela gore o santse o ka bona dikakanyo sa mowa ntlha' le one mangole mo mantsweng. Thaba e e nyenyane ke 'ngwana'. La bofelo, go ya ka tlhamane, thaba ya bone e ne e le mosadi wa thaba ya bone ya monna, yo o motlogetseng go ya kwa go yo monye. ==Matlapa a a tlakilweng== Go ya ka ba UNESCO, go nale matlapa a le 4500 a a tlakilweng mo dithabeng tsa Tsodilo.Bontsi jwa matlapa a a tlakilweng a Basarwa a bonwa thata mo thabeng ya "Mosadi" e e tumileng thata ka botlaki jwa "ditlhapi", "di tshukudu tse pedi" gape le "Tau" mo botlhaba jwa thaba ya "monna". Go nale matlapa a a tlakilweng , mme ga a amana thata le dithaba tse di mabapi. Go nale dikaedi tse di tsentsweng , mme gone botlaki ga bo bonale sentle fela mokaedi yo o rutegileng o ka kgona go go lemogedisa. Ka go rialo baeng ba tlamiwa go tsaya mokaedi wa mo motseng. Se se tlokafatsa itsholelo ya lefatshe mme ebile go bo go sirelediwa lefelo le. == Kitso ka popego ya lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le dithaba tse ditona di le nne. E e kwa godimo go di feta e na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Dithaba tse nne tse di tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> Di ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go tsone go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga dithaba tse pedi tse di tona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Basarwa mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. == Thuto ka matlapa == [[File:Laurens_van_der_Post_Panel.jpg|left|thumb|Phanele ya Laurens van der, 2006]] Batho ba dirisitse mantswe a dithaba tsa Tsodilo go taka le go tshwarela ditiro tsa ditumelo tsa bone dingwaga di le diketekete. Palo kakanyetso ya [[UNESCO]] e supa fa dithaba tse di na le mafelo a le makgolo a le matlhano a a ikemetseng ka bongwe a a kayang dingwaga di le diketekete tsa bonno jwa batho. Botaki jwa matlapa mo dithabeng tse bo ile jwa golaganngwa le batsomi ba ba bapalang ba lefelo le. Go dumelwa gore Badimo ba ba [[Basarwa]] ba takile dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng kwa Tsodilo, mme gape e ne e le bone ba ba neng ba tla ba nna mo magageng le mo mantsweng. Go na le bosupi jwa gore batho ba Bantu ke beng ba ditiro dingwe tsa botaki kwa dithabeng tse. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di ile tsa supiwa gore di ne di le teng dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le bone pele ga gompieno. === Logaga lwa Tshukudu === [[Rhino Cave|Logaga lwa Tshukudu]] lo kwa ntlheng ya Bokone jwa Thaba ya Mosadi mme le na le mabota a mabedi a matona kwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng di leng teng. Setshwantsho sa Tshukudu e Tshweu ( se logaga lo reeletsweng morago ga sone ) se mo leboteng le le kwa bokone, mme se kgaogantswe ke setshwantsho se sengwe sa Thutlwa . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Fa go ne go epiwa bodilo jwa logaga go ne ga fitlhelwa dilo tse dintsi tsa matlapa. Logaga lo ga lo na kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, dilo tsa marapo tse di dirilweng ka diatla, mmopa kgotsa tshipi, fela go ne go na le dikarolwana di le mmalwa tsa kgapetlana ya mongongo tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tsa Motlha wa Letlapa wa Moragonyana . <ref name="rhino" /> [[File:Giraffe_Rock_Art_Painting_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Botaki jwa Thutlwa mo Letlapeng: Dithaba tsa Tsodilo]] Magala a a fitlhetsweng ka nako ya go epa a ile a bewa gore ke a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Aforika, Motlha wa Leje la Moragonyana (LSA), le Motlha wa Leje la Bogare (MSA). Bontsi jwa dilo tsa mantswe tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa kwa LSA di ne di dirilwe ka didirisiwa tsa lefelo le jaaka quartz le jasper. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dilo tsa MSA tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa mo logageng ke dintlha tsa porojekethaele tse di baakantsweng. Dintlha tse di tlwaelesegile go fitlhelwa mo dikgatong tse di farologaneng tsa go dirwa, tse dingwe di tlogetswe di sa felelela mme tse dingwe di feditswe. <ref name="rhino" /> Ditshwantsho tsa Logaga lwa Tshukudu di fitlhelwa thata mo leboteng la Bokone, mme di pentilwe ka mmala o mohibidu kgotsa o mohibidu-wa namune, ntle le tshukudu e e neng e pentilwe ka bosweu. Go dikologa tshukudu le thutlwa go na le ditshwantsho tse di farologaneng, bontsi jwa tsone di le bohibidu, tsa jiomethirikisi. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Mo leboteng le le bapileng le lone, logaga lo na le mesima le dikhuti tse di epilweng mo lentsweng. E ka tswa e epilwe ka go dirisa matlapa a a epang kgotsa matlapa a a silang go tswa mo pakeng ya LSA, a a fitlhetsweng kwa Tsodilo. <ref name="rhino" /> === Ditshwantsho Tse Di Tshweu === [[File:Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|right|thumb|Papiso ya Botaki jwa Mantswe a Mahibidu le a Masweu kwa Tsodilo]] Botaki jwa letlapa jwa mmala o mosweu kwa Tsodilo bo amanngwa le merafe ya Bantu . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRobbinsMurphyCampbellBrook1996">Robbins, Lawrence; Murphy, Michael; Campbell, Alec; Brook, George (1996). "Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''28''': <span class="nowrap">23–</span>45. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980131 40980131].</cite></ref> Bontsi jwa ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di fitlhelwa mo Lefelong la White Paintings le le biditsweng go tsamaelana, le le mo Thabeng ya Monna. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu mo lefelong le la tshireletso, gape.) Ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di supa diphologolo, tsa mo gae le tsa naga, ga mmogo le ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng go tswana le batho. <ref name="wps" /> Ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng jaaka batho gantsi di pentiwa di beile diatla mo dinokeng. Bonnye tsa tsone di supa batho ba palame dipitse, se se kayang gore tse di ne di pentilwe e seng pele ga bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800, fa dipitse di ne di tsisiwa la ntlha mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> Tse di tserweng mo magaleng, kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, disampole tsa marapo le masalela di ne di supa dingwaga go simolola ka MSA go ya go LSA. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le bosupi gape jwa gore lefelo le le ne le dirisiwa ka nako ya ditso: konopo ya nylon le dibaga tsa galase tsa Yuropa di ne tsa fitlhelwa mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo mo mesimeng e e epilweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> ) Masalela a LSA a ne a akaretsa matlapa a a epang le matlapa a go sila, mmogo le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa marapo le matlapa a mannye. Maphatlo a tsa tse di dirilweng ka letsopa, dibaga tsa dikgapetlana tsa mae a ntŝhe le dikgapetlana tsa mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa. <ref name="wps" /> Masalela a tsa MSA a ne akaretsa matlapa a a segang mmogo le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa matlapa. === Ditshwantsho tse di Khibidu === [[File:Animals_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Diphologolo tsa botaki jwa matlapa]] Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di na le botaki jo bontsintsi jwa letlapa le lehibidu; bo ka bonwa mo lefelong lotlhe. Kwa Logageng la Tshukudu, ditshwantsho dingwe tse dikhibidu di lebega di le bogologolo go feta tshukudu e tshweu. Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng tse dikhibidu fa, le go dikologa Tsodilo, di bolelwa gore ke tsa [[Basarwa]] . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> === Lefelo la Depression Rock (lentswe le le kwa tlase) === [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings1.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se sehibidu sa tshukudu]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings4.jpg|right|thumb|Ditshukudu le sebopego se se tshwanang le kgomo]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings5.jpg|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng ka bohibidu jo bo nyeletseng kwa Tsodilo]] Le fitlhelwa ka fa letlhakoreng la bokonebophirima jwa Thaba ya Mosadi, lefelo le le tsere leina la lone go tswa mo dikhuting tse di epilweng mo maboteng a lefelo le. Matshwao a a patilwe ke ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu tse go lebegang e le dikgomo, gammogo le ditshwantsho tsa jiomethiri. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Lefelo le la tshireletso ya matlapa, le le supiwang dinako tsa lone go tswa mo disampoleng tsa magala, go ne ga nniwa lantlha mo go lone mo dingwageng di ka nna bonnye jwa dikete di le masome a le mararo tse di fetileng. <ref name="depression" /> Go epilwe didirisiwa tsa matlapa tsa LSA le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa Motlha wa Tshipi. Dilo tsa letsopa tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tse di kwa teng thata di ne tsa supiwa e le tsa lekgolo la ntlha la dingwaga , mme di amana le dilo tsa bogologolo thata tsa matlapa tse di fitlhetsweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Dikgapetlana tsa manoko a Mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa mo masaleleng a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le dikarolo tse di kwa teng thata, se se dirang gore e nne manoko a mongongo a bogologolo go gaisa a a kileng a bonwa mo go tsotlhe tsa go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. <ref name="depression" /> === Thuto ya tshipi === Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di dirilwe ke mafelo a le mmalwa a go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. Mafelo a le mabedi mo go a, a a itsegeng jaaka [[Divuyu]] le [[Nqoma]], a na le bosupi jwa dilo tsa tshipi tsa Motlha wa Pele wa Tshipi <ref name="metal">{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Duncan |last2=van der Merwe |first2=Nikolaas |date=1994 |title=Early Iron Age Metal Working at the Tsodilo Hills, Northwestern Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=101–115 |bibcode=1994JArSc..21..101M |doi=10.1006/jasc.1994.1011}}</ref> Tse di epolotsweng mo mafelong a mabedi a di ne di na le dikarolwana tsa didirisiwa tsa tshipi, tsotlhe di dirilwe ka tshipi le/kgotsa kopore. Dikarolo tsa makgabisa e ne e le tsa dibaga, , dikeetane le manyena mme didirisiwa di ne di akaretsa di- chesele, di- projectile le metswi ya digai, le magare tota. <ref name="metal" /> Mafelo a mabedi a a tswana ka maranyane a go dira didirisiwa di, mme a na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya go bereka tshipi. Slag le tuyères di lebega di supa gore Divuyu le Nqoma e ka tswa e ne e le mafelo a go nyerolosa tshipi, mme se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafelo a le mmalwa a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Pele mo borwa jwa Afrika a a nang le bosupi jwa go dira tshipi. <ref name="metal" /> == Bokao jwa Ngwao == Dithaba tse di na le bokao jo bogolo jwa ngwao le jwa semoya mo bathong ba Basarwa ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba tse ke lefelo la boikhutso la mewa ya baswi le gore mewa e e tlaa baka matlhotlhapelo le go tlhoka lesego fa mongwe a ka tsoma kgotsa a baka loso gaufi le tsone. Tsodilo gape ke kgang e go ngangisanwang ka yone mabapi le ka fa Basarwa ba kileng ba bo ba tshela ka teng. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sadr |first=Karim |date=1997 |title=Kalahari archaeology and the Bushman debate |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=104–112 |doi=10.1086/204590 |jstor=2744444 |s2cid=144203689}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills,_Botswana.jpg|left|thumb|[[Lefelo la Tsodilo|Tsodilo Hills]] mo Bokone Bophirima jwa Botswana.]] === Ithunthuntso ya setso ka puo === Batho ba le bantsi ba lefelo le go dikologa dithaba tsa Tsodilo ba na le dipolelo tsa dinako tse di fetileng tse di buang ka magaga a mantsi a a takilweng le mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa mo lefelong le. Dithuto tse tsa puo gantsi di bolela ka batho ba Zhu, setlhopha sa [[Basarwa]], ba dirisa mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa go itshireletsa mo dielementeng kgotsa jaaka mafelo a dingwao. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings3.jpg|left|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo letlapeng]] Nngwe ya dipolelo tse e bolela gore batsomi ba ne ba tla mo mafelong a a sireleditsweng mo mantsweng go ikgolaganya le Badimo fa letsomo le ne le sa atlega. Ba ne ba tla bo ba kopa letsomo le le siameng nako e e tlang fa ba tswa. <ref name="oral">{{Cite journal |last=Campbell |first=A.C. |last2=Robbins |first2=L.H. |last3=Murphy |first3=M.L. |date=1994 |title=Oral Traditions and Archaeology of the Tsodilo Hills Male Hill Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=26 |pages=37–54 |jstor=40959180}}</ref> Ka go leboga, fa letsomo le atlegile, batho ba ne ba tla bo ba boela kwa lefelong le la tshireletso mme ba apeela Badimo ba bone. Mo mangweng a mafelo a a neng a bolelwa e le a kampa, ga go na bosupi jo bontsi jwa masalela a molelo. <ref name="oral" /> Mme fela, go na le mafelo a go dirwang ditiro tsa tumelo tse di tshwanang le dithapelo tsa go dira pula. Bagolo ba mo lefelong le ba sa ntse ba gakologelwa ba dirisa mafelo mangwe a a sireletsegileng a matlapa jaaka mafelo a go kampa fa ba sa ntse ba le bana. Lefelo la tshireletso la letlapa la Whites Paintings le ka tswa le ne le dirisiwa jaaka kampa ka paka ya dipula go tloga ka dingwaga di le masome a le bosupa go ya kwa go di le masome a le boferabobedi tse di fetileng. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[Basarwa|Batho ba lefelo le ba Basarwa]] ba dumela gore Tsodilo ke botsalo jwa botshelo jotlhe le botaki koo bo dirilwe ke dikokomane tsa batho ba ntlha. Thuto ka popego ya Tsodilo, ditselana le dikhuti mo lefatsheng di itsege jaaka ditselana le dikgato tsa diphologolo tsa ntlha, di dira tsela ya tsone go ya kwa mosimeng wa ntlha wa metsi <ref name="ritual">{{Cite journal |last=Segadika |first=Phillip |date=2006 |title=Managing Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo |journal=Museum International |volume=58 |issue=1–2 |pages=31–40 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0033.2006.00548.x |s2cid=54755278}}</ref> ). Motswedi wa metsi wa tlholego kwa Tsodilo, gaufi le Thaba ya Mosadi, o dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la go beeletsa metsi le lefelo la ditiro tsa tumelo. O bonwa o le boitshepo, mme o dirisiwa ke batho ba le bantsintsi go iphepafatsa, go fodisa le go sireletsa. <ref name="ritual" /> ==Kitso ye nngwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} ==Dipadi tse dingwe== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] 0pr0naseyo7688gn0g66p4p3zf74ja7 52175 52174 2026-07-08T18:25:41Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} '''Dithaba Tsa Tsodilo''' ( {{Langx|tn|Lefelo la Tsodilo}} ) ke Lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe Lotlhe la UNESCO ( WHS ), le le nang le botaki jwa matlapa, mafelo a a sireletsegileng a matlapa, dikhuti le magaga mo [[Botswana]], kwa Borwa jwa Aforika . Le ne la tsenngwa lantlha mo lenaneong la WHS ka 2001 ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa lone jo bo kgethegileng jwa bodumedi le bokao jwa tsa semoya mo bathong ba lefelo le, ga mmogo le kgatiso ya lone e e kgethegileng ya go nna ga batho teng mo dingwageng di le sekete tse dintsi. [[UNESCO]] e akanyetsa gore go na le ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo mantsweng tse di fetang dikete di le nne le makgolo a le matlhano mo lefelong le. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thebe |first=Phenyo |title=Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo Hills |url=https://www.academia.edu/4460523}}</ref> Lefelo le le na le dithaba di le mmalwa tse dikgolo tse di bidiwang Thaba ya Ngwana, Thaba ya Mosadi le Thaba ya Monna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> ==Botlhokwa jwa ngwao== Dithaba tse ke tse ditona tsa ngwao le tumelo tsa [[Basarwa|ba letso la Sesarwa]] ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba ke lefelo la mewa ya ba ba tlhokafetseng gape ba bo ba dumela gore mewa e e ka baka dingwe dilo tse di sa siamang fa motho a ka tsoma kgotsa baka leso gaufi le dithaba tse. Basarwa ba dumela gore dithaba ke tsone tsa ntlha go tlholwa. Ka nnete e e papametseng , Basarwa ba tlakile matlapa a ka tshwara dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhano (4500) fa go tshwangtshangwa le dithaba tsa Tsodilo, se se dira gore e nne lefelo le le tumileng lefatshe ka bophara. Basarwa ba dirile botaki le fa go nale ba letso la Bantu ba botshelo jwa bone bo farologanang le jwa Basarwa. Nako e e tsepameng tota ya gore matlapa a takilwe leng ga e itsewe le fa go akanyediwa gore e ka tswa e feta dingwaga tse di makgolokgolo a mabedi. Ba letso la Hambukushu ba dumela gore modimo wa bone ebong, Nyambe, o tsentse letso le leruo la bone mo thabeng ya mosadi. Bosupi jo bo tletseng bo bonwa ka dikgato tse di ipadileng mo matlapeng kwa godimo. (Lefoko ''Tsodilo'' le adimilwe mo lefokona la Hambukushu la 'sorile' le le rayang go fapoga.) Mo bokone-bophirima jwa thaba ya mosadi , sekgelenyana kwa godimo go tsweng kwa tlase go nale moepo yo o tladitsweng ka metsi. Metsi a a dumelwa fa a le boitshepo gape batho ba itlhapisa ka one gore ba nne le masego. Lefelo le boitshepo ke le le bapileng le "thaba ya monna, lentswe le letona,kwa go dumelwang gore mowa wa ntlha o ne wa khubama teng go rapela fa o tlhola lefatshe. Basarwa ba santse ba dumela gore o santse o ka bona dikakanyo sa mowa ntlha' le one mangole mo mantsweng. Thaba e e nyenyane ke 'ngwana'. La bofelo, go ya ka tlhamane, thaba ya bone e ne e le mosadi wa thaba ya bone ya monna, yo o motlogetseng go ya kwa go yo monye. == Kitso ka popego ya lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le dithaba tse ditona di le nne. E e kwa godimo go di feta e na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Dithaba tse nne tse di tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> Di ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go tsone go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga dithaba tse pedi tse di tona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Basarwa mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. == Thuto ka matlapa == [[File:Laurens_van_der_Post_Panel.jpg|left|thumb|Phanele ya Laurens van der, 2006]] Batho ba dirisitse mantswe a dithaba tsa Tsodilo go taka le go tshwarela ditiro tsa ditumelo tsa bone dingwaga di le diketekete. Palo kakanyetso ya [[UNESCO]] e supa fa dithaba tse di na le mafelo a le makgolo a le matlhano a a ikemetseng ka bongwe a a kayang dingwaga di le diketekete tsa bonno jwa batho. Botaki jwa matlapa mo dithabeng tse bo ile jwa golaganngwa le batsomi ba ba bapalang ba lefelo le. Go dumelwa gore Badimo ba ba [[Basarwa]] ba takile dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng kwa Tsodilo, mme gape e ne e le bone ba ba neng ba tla ba nna mo magageng le mo mantsweng. Go na le bosupi jwa gore batho ba Bantu ke beng ba ditiro dingwe tsa botaki kwa dithabeng tse. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di ile tsa supiwa gore di ne di le teng dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le bone pele ga gompieno. === Logaga lwa Tshukudu === [[Rhino Cave|Logaga lwa Tshukudu]] lo kwa ntlheng ya Bokone jwa Thaba ya Mosadi mme le na le mabota a mabedi a matona kwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng di leng teng. Setshwantsho sa Tshukudu e Tshweu ( se logaga lo reeletsweng morago ga sone ) se mo leboteng le le kwa bokone, mme se kgaogantswe ke setshwantsho se sengwe sa Thutlwa . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Fa go ne go epiwa bodilo jwa logaga go ne ga fitlhelwa dilo tse dintsi tsa matlapa. Logaga lo ga lo na kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, dilo tsa marapo tse di dirilweng ka diatla, mmopa kgotsa tshipi, fela go ne go na le dikarolwana di le mmalwa tsa kgapetlana ya mongongo tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tsa Motlha wa Letlapa wa Moragonyana . <ref name="rhino" /> [[File:Giraffe_Rock_Art_Painting_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Botaki jwa Thutlwa mo Letlapeng: Dithaba tsa Tsodilo]] Magala a a fitlhetsweng ka nako ya go epa a ile a bewa gore ke a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Aforika, Motlha wa Leje la Moragonyana (LSA), le Motlha wa Leje la Bogare (MSA). Bontsi jwa dilo tsa mantswe tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa kwa LSA di ne di dirilwe ka didirisiwa tsa lefelo le jaaka quartz le jasper. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dilo tsa MSA tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa mo logageng ke dintlha tsa porojekethaele tse di baakantsweng. Dintlha tse di tlwaelesegile go fitlhelwa mo dikgatong tse di farologaneng tsa go dirwa, tse dingwe di tlogetswe di sa felelela mme tse dingwe di feditswe. <ref name="rhino" /> Ditshwantsho tsa Logaga lwa Tshukudu di fitlhelwa thata mo leboteng la Bokone, mme di pentilwe ka mmala o mohibidu kgotsa o mohibidu-wa namune, ntle le tshukudu e e neng e pentilwe ka bosweu. Go dikologa tshukudu le thutlwa go na le ditshwantsho tse di farologaneng, bontsi jwa tsone di le bohibidu, tsa jiomethirikisi. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Mo leboteng le le bapileng le lone, logaga lo na le mesima le dikhuti tse di epilweng mo lentsweng. E ka tswa e epilwe ka go dirisa matlapa a a epang kgotsa matlapa a a silang go tswa mo pakeng ya LSA, a a fitlhetsweng kwa Tsodilo. <ref name="rhino" /> === Ditshwantsho Tse Di Tshweu === [[File:Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|right|thumb|Papiso ya Botaki jwa Mantswe a Mahibidu le a Masweu kwa Tsodilo]] Botaki jwa letlapa jwa mmala o mosweu kwa Tsodilo bo amanngwa le merafe ya Bantu . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRobbinsMurphyCampbellBrook1996">Robbins, Lawrence; Murphy, Michael; Campbell, Alec; Brook, George (1996). "Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''28''': <span class="nowrap">23–</span>45. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980131 40980131].</cite></ref> Bontsi jwa ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di fitlhelwa mo Lefelong la White Paintings le le biditsweng go tsamaelana, le le mo Thabeng ya Monna. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu mo lefelong le la tshireletso, gape.) Ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di supa diphologolo, tsa mo gae le tsa naga, ga mmogo le ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng go tswana le batho. <ref name="wps" /> Ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng jaaka batho gantsi di pentiwa di beile diatla mo dinokeng. Bonnye tsa tsone di supa batho ba palame dipitse, se se kayang gore tse di ne di pentilwe e seng pele ga bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800, fa dipitse di ne di tsisiwa la ntlha mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> Tse di tserweng mo magaleng, kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, disampole tsa marapo le masalela di ne di supa dingwaga go simolola ka MSA go ya go LSA. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le bosupi gape jwa gore lefelo le le ne le dirisiwa ka nako ya ditso: konopo ya nylon le dibaga tsa galase tsa Yuropa di ne tsa fitlhelwa mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo mo mesimeng e e epilweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> ) Masalela a LSA a ne a akaretsa matlapa a a epang le matlapa a go sila, mmogo le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa marapo le matlapa a mannye. Maphatlo a tsa tse di dirilweng ka letsopa, dibaga tsa dikgapetlana tsa mae a ntŝhe le dikgapetlana tsa mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa. <ref name="wps" /> Masalela a tsa MSA a ne akaretsa matlapa a a segang mmogo le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa matlapa. === Ditshwantsho tse di Khibidu === [[File:Animals_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Diphologolo tsa botaki jwa matlapa]] Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di na le botaki jo bontsintsi jwa letlapa le lehibidu; bo ka bonwa mo lefelong lotlhe. Kwa Logageng la Tshukudu, ditshwantsho dingwe tse dikhibidu di lebega di le bogologolo go feta tshukudu e tshweu. Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng tse dikhibidu fa, le go dikologa Tsodilo, di bolelwa gore ke tsa [[Basarwa]] . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> === Lefelo la Depression Rock (lentswe le le kwa tlase) === [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings1.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se sehibidu sa tshukudu]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings4.jpg|right|thumb|Ditshukudu le sebopego se se tshwanang le kgomo]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings5.jpg|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng ka bohibidu jo bo nyeletseng kwa Tsodilo]] Le fitlhelwa ka fa letlhakoreng la bokonebophirima jwa Thaba ya Mosadi, lefelo le le tsere leina la lone go tswa mo dikhuting tse di epilweng mo maboteng a lefelo le. Matshwao a a patilwe ke ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu tse go lebegang e le dikgomo, gammogo le ditshwantsho tsa jiomethiri. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Lefelo le la tshireletso ya matlapa, le le supiwang dinako tsa lone go tswa mo disampoleng tsa magala, go ne ga nniwa lantlha mo go lone mo dingwageng di ka nna bonnye jwa dikete di le masome a le mararo tse di fetileng. <ref name="depression" /> Go epilwe didirisiwa tsa matlapa tsa LSA le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa Motlha wa Tshipi. Dilo tsa letsopa tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tse di kwa teng thata di ne tsa supiwa e le tsa lekgolo la ntlha la dingwaga , mme di amana le dilo tsa bogologolo thata tsa matlapa tse di fitlhetsweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Dikgapetlana tsa manoko a Mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa mo masaleleng a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le dikarolo tse di kwa teng thata, se se dirang gore e nne manoko a mongongo a bogologolo go gaisa a a kileng a bonwa mo go tsotlhe tsa go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. <ref name="depression" /> === Thuto ya tshipi === Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di dirilwe ke mafelo a le mmalwa a go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. Mafelo a le mabedi mo go a, a a itsegeng jaaka [[Divuyu]] le [[Nqoma]], a na le bosupi jwa dilo tsa tshipi tsa Motlha wa Pele wa Tshipi <ref name="metal">{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Duncan |last2=van der Merwe |first2=Nikolaas |date=1994 |title=Early Iron Age Metal Working at the Tsodilo Hills, Northwestern Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=101–115 |bibcode=1994JArSc..21..101M |doi=10.1006/jasc.1994.1011}}</ref> Tse di epolotsweng mo mafelong a mabedi a di ne di na le dikarolwana tsa didirisiwa tsa tshipi, tsotlhe di dirilwe ka tshipi le/kgotsa kopore. Dikarolo tsa makgabisa e ne e le tsa dibaga, , dikeetane le manyena mme didirisiwa di ne di akaretsa di- chesele, di- projectile le metswi ya digai, le magare tota. <ref name="metal" /> Mafelo a mabedi a a tswana ka maranyane a go dira didirisiwa di, mme a na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya go bereka tshipi. Slag le tuyères di lebega di supa gore Divuyu le Nqoma e ka tswa e ne e le mafelo a go nyerolosa tshipi, mme se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafelo a le mmalwa a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Pele mo borwa jwa Afrika a a nang le bosupi jwa go dira tshipi. <ref name="metal" /> == Bokao jwa Ngwao == Dithaba tse di na le bokao jo bogolo jwa ngwao le jwa semoya mo bathong ba Basarwa ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba tse ke lefelo la boikhutso la mewa ya baswi le gore mewa e e tlaa baka matlhotlhapelo le go tlhoka lesego fa mongwe a ka tsoma kgotsa a baka loso gaufi le tsone. Tsodilo gape ke kgang e go ngangisanwang ka yone mabapi le ka fa Basarwa ba kileng ba bo ba tshela ka teng. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sadr |first=Karim |date=1997 |title=Kalahari archaeology and the Bushman debate |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=104–112 |doi=10.1086/204590 |jstor=2744444 |s2cid=144203689}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills,_Botswana.jpg|left|thumb|[[Lefelo la Tsodilo|Tsodilo Hills]] mo Bokone Bophirima jwa Botswana.]] === Ithunthuntso ya setso ka puo === Batho ba le bantsi ba lefelo le go dikologa dithaba tsa Tsodilo ba na le dipolelo tsa dinako tse di fetileng tse di buang ka magaga a mantsi a a takilweng le mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa mo lefelong le. Dithuto tse tsa puo gantsi di bolela ka batho ba Zhu, setlhopha sa [[Basarwa]], ba dirisa mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa go itshireletsa mo dielementeng kgotsa jaaka mafelo a dingwao. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings3.jpg|left|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo letlapeng]] Nngwe ya dipolelo tse e bolela gore batsomi ba ne ba tla mo mafelong a a sireleditsweng mo mantsweng go ikgolaganya le Badimo fa letsomo le ne le sa atlega. Ba ne ba tla bo ba kopa letsomo le le siameng nako e e tlang fa ba tswa. <ref name="oral">{{Cite journal |last=Campbell |first=A.C. |last2=Robbins |first2=L.H. |last3=Murphy |first3=M.L. |date=1994 |title=Oral Traditions and Archaeology of the Tsodilo Hills Male Hill Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=26 |pages=37–54 |jstor=40959180}}</ref> Ka go leboga, fa letsomo le atlegile, batho ba ne ba tla bo ba boela kwa lefelong le la tshireletso mme ba apeela Badimo ba bone. Mo mangweng a mafelo a a neng a bolelwa e le a kampa, ga go na bosupi jo bontsi jwa masalela a molelo. <ref name="oral" /> Mme fela, go na le mafelo a go dirwang ditiro tsa tumelo tse di tshwanang le dithapelo tsa go dira pula. Bagolo ba mo lefelong le ba sa ntse ba gakologelwa ba dirisa mafelo mangwe a a sireletsegileng a matlapa jaaka mafelo a go kampa fa ba sa ntse ba le bana. Lefelo la tshireletso la letlapa la Whites Paintings le ka tswa le ne le dirisiwa jaaka kampa ka paka ya dipula go tloga ka dingwaga di le masome a le bosupa go ya kwa go di le masome a le boferabobedi tse di fetileng. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[Basarwa|Batho ba lefelo le ba Basarwa]] ba dumela gore Tsodilo ke botsalo jwa botshelo jotlhe le botaki koo bo dirilwe ke dikokomane tsa batho ba ntlha. Thuto ka popego ya Tsodilo, ditselana le dikhuti mo lefatsheng di itsege jaaka ditselana le dikgato tsa diphologolo tsa ntlha, di dira tsela ya tsone go ya kwa mosimeng wa ntlha wa metsi <ref name="ritual">{{Cite journal |last=Segadika |first=Phillip |date=2006 |title=Managing Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo |journal=Museum International |volume=58 |issue=1–2 |pages=31–40 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0033.2006.00548.x |s2cid=54755278}}</ref> ). Motswedi wa metsi wa tlholego kwa Tsodilo, gaufi le Thaba ya Mosadi, o dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la go beeletsa metsi le lefelo la ditiro tsa tumelo. O bonwa o le boitshepo, mme o dirisiwa ke batho ba le bantsintsi go iphepafatsa, go fodisa le go sireletsa. <ref name="ritual" /> ==Kitso ye nngwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} ==Dipadi tse dingwe== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] opnzpmrnlae12rkxi403nkqgmg4qeyz 52176 52175 2026-07-08T18:27:56Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} '''Dithaba Tsa Tsodilo''' ( {{Langx|tn|Lefelo la Tsodilo}} ) ke Lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe Lotlhe la UNESCO ( WHS ), le le nang le botaki jwa matlapa, mafelo a a sireletsegileng a matlapa, dikhuti le magaga mo [[Botswana]], kwa Borwa jwa Aforika . Le ne la tsenngwa lantlha mo lenaneong la WHS ka 2001 ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa lone jo bo kgethegileng jwa bodumedi le bokao jwa tsa semoya mo bathong ba lefelo le, ga mmogo le kgatiso ya lone e e kgethegileng ya go nna ga batho teng mo dingwageng di le sekete tse dintsi. [[UNESCO]] e akanyetsa gore go na le ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo mantsweng tse di fetang dikete di le nne le makgolo a le matlhano mo lefelong le. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thebe |first=Phenyo |title=Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo Hills |url=https://www.academia.edu/4460523}}</ref> Lefelo le le na le dithaba di le mmalwa tse dikgolo tse di bidiwang Thaba ya Ngwana, Thaba ya Mosadi le Thaba ya Monna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> == Kitso ka popego ya lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le dithaba tse ditona di le nne. E e kwa godimo go di feta e na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Dithaba tse nne tse di tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> Di ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go tsone go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga dithaba tse pedi tse di tona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Basarwa mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. == Thuto ka matlapa == [[File:Laurens_van_der_Post_Panel.jpg|left|thumb|Phanele ya Laurens van der, 2006]] Batho ba dirisitse mantswe a dithaba tsa Tsodilo go taka le go tshwarela ditiro tsa ditumelo tsa bone dingwaga di le diketekete. Palo kakanyetso ya [[UNESCO]] e supa fa dithaba tse di na le mafelo a le makgolo a le matlhano a a ikemetseng ka bongwe a a kayang dingwaga di le diketekete tsa bonno jwa batho. Botaki jwa matlapa mo dithabeng tse bo ile jwa golaganngwa le batsomi ba ba bapalang ba lefelo le. Go dumelwa gore Badimo ba ba [[Basarwa]] ba takile dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng kwa Tsodilo, mme gape e ne e le bone ba ba neng ba tla ba nna mo magageng le mo mantsweng. Go na le bosupi jwa gore batho ba Bantu ke beng ba ditiro dingwe tsa botaki kwa dithabeng tse. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di ile tsa supiwa gore di ne di le teng dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le bone pele ga gompieno. === Logaga lwa Tshukudu === [[Rhino Cave|Logaga lwa Tshukudu]] lo kwa ntlheng ya Bokone jwa Thaba ya Mosadi mme le na le mabota a mabedi a matona kwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng di leng teng. Setshwantsho sa Tshukudu e Tshweu ( se logaga lo reeletsweng morago ga sone ) se mo leboteng le le kwa bokone, mme se kgaogantswe ke setshwantsho se sengwe sa Thutlwa . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Fa go ne go epiwa bodilo jwa logaga go ne ga fitlhelwa dilo tse dintsi tsa matlapa. Logaga lo ga lo na kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, dilo tsa marapo tse di dirilweng ka diatla, mmopa kgotsa tshipi, fela go ne go na le dikarolwana di le mmalwa tsa kgapetlana ya mongongo tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tsa Motlha wa Letlapa wa Moragonyana . <ref name="rhino" /> [[File:Giraffe_Rock_Art_Painting_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Botaki jwa Thutlwa mo Letlapeng: Dithaba tsa Tsodilo]] Magala a a fitlhetsweng ka nako ya go epa a ile a bewa gore ke a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Aforika, Motlha wa Leje la Moragonyana (LSA), le Motlha wa Leje la Bogare (MSA). Bontsi jwa dilo tsa mantswe tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa kwa LSA di ne di dirilwe ka didirisiwa tsa lefelo le jaaka quartz le jasper. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dilo tsa MSA tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa mo logageng ke dintlha tsa porojekethaele tse di baakantsweng. Dintlha tse di tlwaelesegile go fitlhelwa mo dikgatong tse di farologaneng tsa go dirwa, tse dingwe di tlogetswe di sa felelela mme tse dingwe di feditswe. <ref name="rhino" /> Ditshwantsho tsa Logaga lwa Tshukudu di fitlhelwa thata mo leboteng la Bokone, mme di pentilwe ka mmala o mohibidu kgotsa o mohibidu-wa namune, ntle le tshukudu e e neng e pentilwe ka bosweu. Go dikologa tshukudu le thutlwa go na le ditshwantsho tse di farologaneng, bontsi jwa tsone di le bohibidu, tsa jiomethirikisi. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Mo leboteng le le bapileng le lone, logaga lo na le mesima le dikhuti tse di epilweng mo lentsweng. E ka tswa e epilwe ka go dirisa matlapa a a epang kgotsa matlapa a a silang go tswa mo pakeng ya LSA, a a fitlhetsweng kwa Tsodilo. <ref name="rhino" /> === Ditshwantsho Tse Di Tshweu === [[File:Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|right|thumb|Papiso ya Botaki jwa Mantswe a Mahibidu le a Masweu kwa Tsodilo]] Botaki jwa letlapa jwa mmala o mosweu kwa Tsodilo bo amanngwa le merafe ya Bantu . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRobbinsMurphyCampbellBrook1996">Robbins, Lawrence; Murphy, Michael; Campbell, Alec; Brook, George (1996). "Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''28''': <span class="nowrap">23–</span>45. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980131 40980131].</cite></ref> Bontsi jwa ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di fitlhelwa mo Lefelong la White Paintings le le biditsweng go tsamaelana, le le mo Thabeng ya Monna. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu mo lefelong le la tshireletso, gape.) Ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di supa diphologolo, tsa mo gae le tsa naga, ga mmogo le ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng go tswana le batho. <ref name="wps" /> Ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng jaaka batho gantsi di pentiwa di beile diatla mo dinokeng. Bonnye tsa tsone di supa batho ba palame dipitse, se se kayang gore tse di ne di pentilwe e seng pele ga bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800, fa dipitse di ne di tsisiwa la ntlha mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> Tse di tserweng mo magaleng, kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, disampole tsa marapo le masalela di ne di supa dingwaga go simolola ka MSA go ya go LSA. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le bosupi gape jwa gore lefelo le le ne le dirisiwa ka nako ya ditso: konopo ya nylon le dibaga tsa galase tsa Yuropa di ne tsa fitlhelwa mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo mo mesimeng e e epilweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> ) Masalela a LSA a ne a akaretsa matlapa a a epang le matlapa a go sila, mmogo le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa marapo le matlapa a mannye. Maphatlo a tsa tse di dirilweng ka letsopa, dibaga tsa dikgapetlana tsa mae a ntŝhe le dikgapetlana tsa mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa. <ref name="wps" /> Masalela a tsa MSA a ne akaretsa matlapa a a segang mmogo le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa matlapa. === Ditshwantsho tse di Khibidu === [[File:Animals_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Diphologolo tsa botaki jwa matlapa]] Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di na le botaki jo bontsintsi jwa letlapa le lehibidu; bo ka bonwa mo lefelong lotlhe. Kwa Logageng la Tshukudu, ditshwantsho dingwe tse dikhibidu di lebega di le bogologolo go feta tshukudu e tshweu. Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng tse dikhibidu fa, le go dikologa Tsodilo, di bolelwa gore ke tsa [[Basarwa]] . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> === Lefelo la Depression Rock (lentswe le le kwa tlase) === [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings1.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se sehibidu sa tshukudu]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings4.jpg|right|thumb|Ditshukudu le sebopego se se tshwanang le kgomo]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings5.jpg|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng ka bohibidu jo bo nyeletseng kwa Tsodilo]] Le fitlhelwa ka fa letlhakoreng la bokonebophirima jwa Thaba ya Mosadi, lefelo le le tsere leina la lone go tswa mo dikhuting tse di epilweng mo maboteng a lefelo le. Matshwao a a patilwe ke ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu tse go lebegang e le dikgomo, gammogo le ditshwantsho tsa jiomethiri. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Lefelo le la tshireletso ya matlapa, le le supiwang dinako tsa lone go tswa mo disampoleng tsa magala, go ne ga nniwa lantlha mo go lone mo dingwageng di ka nna bonnye jwa dikete di le masome a le mararo tse di fetileng. <ref name="depression" /> Go epilwe didirisiwa tsa matlapa tsa LSA le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa Motlha wa Tshipi. Dilo tsa letsopa tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tse di kwa teng thata di ne tsa supiwa e le tsa lekgolo la ntlha la dingwaga , mme di amana le dilo tsa bogologolo thata tsa matlapa tse di fitlhetsweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Dikgapetlana tsa manoko a Mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa mo masaleleng a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le dikarolo tse di kwa teng thata, se se dirang gore e nne manoko a mongongo a bogologolo go gaisa a a kileng a bonwa mo go tsotlhe tsa go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. <ref name="depression" /> === Thuto ya tshipi === Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di dirilwe ke mafelo a le mmalwa a go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. Mafelo a le mabedi mo go a, a a itsegeng jaaka [[Divuyu]] le [[Nqoma]], a na le bosupi jwa dilo tsa tshipi tsa Motlha wa Pele wa Tshipi <ref name="metal">{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Duncan |last2=van der Merwe |first2=Nikolaas |date=1994 |title=Early Iron Age Metal Working at the Tsodilo Hills, Northwestern Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=101–115 |bibcode=1994JArSc..21..101M |doi=10.1006/jasc.1994.1011}}</ref> Tse di epolotsweng mo mafelong a mabedi a di ne di na le dikarolwana tsa didirisiwa tsa tshipi, tsotlhe di dirilwe ka tshipi le/kgotsa kopore. Dikarolo tsa makgabisa e ne e le tsa dibaga, , dikeetane le manyena mme didirisiwa di ne di akaretsa di- chesele, di- projectile le metswi ya digai, le magare tota. <ref name="metal" /> Mafelo a mabedi a a tswana ka maranyane a go dira didirisiwa di, mme a na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya go bereka tshipi. Slag le tuyères di lebega di supa gore Divuyu le Nqoma e ka tswa e ne e le mafelo a go nyerolosa tshipi, mme se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafelo a le mmalwa a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Pele mo borwa jwa Afrika a a nang le bosupi jwa go dira tshipi. <ref name="metal" /> == Bokao jwa Ngwao == Dithaba tse di na le bokao jo bogolo jwa ngwao le jwa semoya mo bathong ba Basarwa ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba tse ke lefelo la boikhutso la mewa ya baswi le gore mewa e e tlaa baka matlhotlhapelo le go tlhoka lesego fa mongwe a ka tsoma kgotsa a baka loso gaufi le tsone. Tsodilo gape ke kgang e go ngangisanwang ka yone mabapi le ka fa Basarwa ba kileng ba bo ba tshela ka teng. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sadr |first=Karim |date=1997 |title=Kalahari archaeology and the Bushman debate |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=104–112 |doi=10.1086/204590 |jstor=2744444 |s2cid=144203689}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills,_Botswana.jpg|left|thumb|[[Lefelo la Tsodilo|Tsodilo Hills]] mo Bokone Bophirima jwa Botswana.]] === Ithunthuntso ya setso ka puo === Batho ba le bantsi ba lefelo le go dikologa dithaba tsa Tsodilo ba na le dipolelo tsa dinako tse di fetileng tse di buang ka magaga a mantsi a a takilweng le mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa mo lefelong le. Dithuto tse tsa puo gantsi di bolela ka batho ba Zhu, setlhopha sa [[Basarwa]], ba dirisa mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa go itshireletsa mo dielementeng kgotsa jaaka mafelo a dingwao. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings3.jpg|left|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo letlapeng]] Nngwe ya dipolelo tse e bolela gore batsomi ba ne ba tla mo mafelong a a sireleditsweng mo mantsweng go ikgolaganya le Badimo fa letsomo le ne le sa atlega. Ba ne ba tla bo ba kopa letsomo le le siameng nako e e tlang fa ba tswa. <ref name="oral">{{Cite journal |last=Campbell |first=A.C. |last2=Robbins |first2=L.H. |last3=Murphy |first3=M.L. |date=1994 |title=Oral Traditions and Archaeology of the Tsodilo Hills Male Hill Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=26 |pages=37–54 |jstor=40959180}}</ref> Ka go leboga, fa letsomo le atlegile, batho ba ne ba tla bo ba boela kwa lefelong le la tshireletso mme ba apeela Badimo ba bone. Mo mangweng a mafelo a a neng a bolelwa e le a kampa, ga go na bosupi jo bontsi jwa masalela a molelo. <ref name="oral" /> Mme fela, go na le mafelo a go dirwang ditiro tsa tumelo tse di tshwanang le dithapelo tsa go dira pula. Bagolo ba mo lefelong le ba sa ntse ba gakologelwa ba dirisa mafelo mangwe a a sireletsegileng a matlapa jaaka mafelo a go kampa fa ba sa ntse ba le bana. Lefelo la tshireletso la letlapa la Whites Paintings le ka tswa le ne le dirisiwa jaaka kampa ka paka ya dipula go tloga ka dingwaga di le masome a le bosupa go ya kwa go di le masome a le boferabobedi tse di fetileng. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[Basarwa|Batho ba lefelo le ba Basarwa]] ba dumela gore Tsodilo ke botsalo jwa botshelo jotlhe le botaki koo bo dirilwe ke dikokomane tsa batho ba ntlha. Thuto ka popego ya Tsodilo, ditselana le dikhuti mo lefatsheng di itsege jaaka ditselana le dikgato tsa diphologolo tsa ntlha, di dira tsela ya tsone go ya kwa mosimeng wa ntlha wa metsi <ref name="ritual">{{Cite journal |last=Segadika |first=Phillip |date=2006 |title=Managing Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo |journal=Museum International |volume=58 |issue=1–2 |pages=31–40 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0033.2006.00548.x |s2cid=54755278}}</ref> ). Motswedi wa metsi wa tlholego kwa Tsodilo, gaufi le Thaba ya Mosadi, o dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la go beeletsa metsi le lefelo la ditiro tsa tumelo. O bonwa o le boitshepo, mme o dirisiwa ke batho ba le bantsintsi go iphepafatsa, go fodisa le go sireletsa. <ref name="ritual" /> ==Kitso ye nngwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} ==Dipadi tse dingwe== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] r0kfs7rimm9jzxpzm4ap2mmvor06ptq 52177 52176 2026-07-08T18:28:44Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} '''Dithaba Tsa Tsodilo''' ( {{Langx|tn|Lefelo la Tsodilo}} ) ke Lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe Lotlhe la [[UNESCO]]( WHS ), le le nang le botaki jwa matlapa, mafelo a a sireletsegileng a matlapa, dikhuti le magaga mo [[Botswana]], kwa Borwa jwa Aforika . Le ne la tsenngwa lantlha mo lenaneong la WHS ka 2001 ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa lone jo bo kgethegileng jwa bodumedi le bokao jwa tsa semoya mo bathong ba lefelo le, ga mmogo le kgatiso ya lone e e kgethegileng ya go nna ga batho teng mo dingwageng di le sekete tse dintsi. [[UNESCO]] e akanyetsa gore go na le ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo mantsweng tse di fetang dikete di le nne le makgolo a le matlhano mo lefelong le. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thebe |first=Phenyo |title=Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo Hills |url=https://www.academia.edu/4460523}}</ref> Lefelo le le na le dithaba di le mmalwa tse dikgolo tse di bidiwang Thaba ya Ngwana, Thaba ya Mosadi le Thaba ya Monna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> == Kitso ka popego ya lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le dithaba tse ditona di le nne. E e kwa godimo go di feta e na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Dithaba tse nne tse di tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> Di ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go tsone go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga dithaba tse pedi tse di tona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Basarwa mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. == Thuto ka matlapa == [[File:Laurens_van_der_Post_Panel.jpg|left|thumb|Phanele ya Laurens van der, 2006]] Batho ba dirisitse mantswe a dithaba tsa Tsodilo go taka le go tshwarela ditiro tsa ditumelo tsa bone dingwaga di le diketekete. Palo kakanyetso ya [[UNESCO]] e supa fa dithaba tse di na le mafelo a le makgolo a le matlhano a a ikemetseng ka bongwe a a kayang dingwaga di le diketekete tsa bonno jwa batho. Botaki jwa matlapa mo dithabeng tse bo ile jwa golaganngwa le batsomi ba ba bapalang ba lefelo le. Go dumelwa gore Badimo ba ba [[Basarwa]] ba takile dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng kwa Tsodilo, mme gape e ne e le bone ba ba neng ba tla ba nna mo magageng le mo mantsweng. Go na le bosupi jwa gore batho ba Bantu ke beng ba ditiro dingwe tsa botaki kwa dithabeng tse. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di ile tsa supiwa gore di ne di le teng dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le bone pele ga gompieno. === Logaga lwa Tshukudu === [[Rhino Cave|Logaga lwa Tshukudu]] lo kwa ntlheng ya Bokone jwa Thaba ya Mosadi mme le na le mabota a mabedi a matona kwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng di leng teng. Setshwantsho sa Tshukudu e Tshweu ( se logaga lo reeletsweng morago ga sone ) se mo leboteng le le kwa bokone, mme se kgaogantswe ke setshwantsho se sengwe sa Thutlwa . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Fa go ne go epiwa bodilo jwa logaga go ne ga fitlhelwa dilo tse dintsi tsa matlapa. Logaga lo ga lo na kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, dilo tsa marapo tse di dirilweng ka diatla, mmopa kgotsa tshipi, fela go ne go na le dikarolwana di le mmalwa tsa kgapetlana ya mongongo tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tsa Motlha wa Letlapa wa Moragonyana . <ref name="rhino" /> [[File:Giraffe_Rock_Art_Painting_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Botaki jwa Thutlwa mo Letlapeng: Dithaba tsa Tsodilo]] Magala a a fitlhetsweng ka nako ya go epa a ile a bewa gore ke a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Aforika, Motlha wa Leje la Moragonyana (LSA), le Motlha wa Leje la Bogare (MSA). Bontsi jwa dilo tsa mantswe tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa kwa LSA di ne di dirilwe ka didirisiwa tsa lefelo le jaaka quartz le jasper. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dilo tsa MSA tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa mo logageng ke dintlha tsa porojekethaele tse di baakantsweng. Dintlha tse di tlwaelesegile go fitlhelwa mo dikgatong tse di farologaneng tsa go dirwa, tse dingwe di tlogetswe di sa felelela mme tse dingwe di feditswe. <ref name="rhino" /> Ditshwantsho tsa Logaga lwa Tshukudu di fitlhelwa thata mo leboteng la Bokone, mme di pentilwe ka mmala o mohibidu kgotsa o mohibidu-wa namune, ntle le tshukudu e e neng e pentilwe ka bosweu. Go dikologa tshukudu le thutlwa go na le ditshwantsho tse di farologaneng, bontsi jwa tsone di le bohibidu, tsa jiomethirikisi. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Mo leboteng le le bapileng le lone, logaga lo na le mesima le dikhuti tse di epilweng mo lentsweng. E ka tswa e epilwe ka go dirisa matlapa a a epang kgotsa matlapa a a silang go tswa mo pakeng ya LSA, a a fitlhetsweng kwa Tsodilo. <ref name="rhino" /> === Ditshwantsho Tse Di Tshweu === [[File:Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|right|thumb|Papiso ya Botaki jwa Mantswe a Mahibidu le a Masweu kwa Tsodilo]] Botaki jwa letlapa jwa mmala o mosweu kwa Tsodilo bo amanngwa le merafe ya Bantu . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRobbinsMurphyCampbellBrook1996">Robbins, Lawrence; Murphy, Michael; Campbell, Alec; Brook, George (1996). "Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''28''': <span class="nowrap">23–</span>45. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980131 40980131].</cite></ref> Bontsi jwa ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di fitlhelwa mo Lefelong la White Paintings le le biditsweng go tsamaelana, le le mo Thabeng ya Monna. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu mo lefelong le la tshireletso, gape.) Ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di supa diphologolo, tsa mo gae le tsa naga, ga mmogo le ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng go tswana le batho. <ref name="wps" /> Ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng jaaka batho gantsi di pentiwa di beile diatla mo dinokeng. Bonnye tsa tsone di supa batho ba palame dipitse, se se kayang gore tse di ne di pentilwe e seng pele ga bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800, fa dipitse di ne di tsisiwa la ntlha mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> Tse di tserweng mo magaleng, kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, disampole tsa marapo le masalela di ne di supa dingwaga go simolola ka MSA go ya go LSA. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le bosupi gape jwa gore lefelo le le ne le dirisiwa ka nako ya ditso: konopo ya nylon le dibaga tsa galase tsa Yuropa di ne tsa fitlhelwa mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo mo mesimeng e e epilweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> ) Masalela a LSA a ne a akaretsa matlapa a a epang le matlapa a go sila, mmogo le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa marapo le matlapa a mannye. Maphatlo a tsa tse di dirilweng ka letsopa, dibaga tsa dikgapetlana tsa mae a ntŝhe le dikgapetlana tsa mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa. <ref name="wps" /> Masalela a tsa MSA a ne akaretsa matlapa a a segang mmogo le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa matlapa. === Ditshwantsho tse di Khibidu === [[File:Animals_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Diphologolo tsa botaki jwa matlapa]] Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di na le botaki jo bontsintsi jwa letlapa le lehibidu; bo ka bonwa mo lefelong lotlhe. Kwa Logageng la Tshukudu, ditshwantsho dingwe tse dikhibidu di lebega di le bogologolo go feta tshukudu e tshweu. Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng tse dikhibidu fa, le go dikologa Tsodilo, di bolelwa gore ke tsa [[Basarwa]] . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> === Lefelo la Depression Rock (lentswe le le kwa tlase) === [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings1.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se sehibidu sa tshukudu]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings4.jpg|right|thumb|Ditshukudu le sebopego se se tshwanang le kgomo]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings5.jpg|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng ka bohibidu jo bo nyeletseng kwa Tsodilo]] Le fitlhelwa ka fa letlhakoreng la bokonebophirima jwa Thaba ya Mosadi, lefelo le le tsere leina la lone go tswa mo dikhuting tse di epilweng mo maboteng a lefelo le. Matshwao a a patilwe ke ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu tse go lebegang e le dikgomo, gammogo le ditshwantsho tsa jiomethiri. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Lefelo le la tshireletso ya matlapa, le le supiwang dinako tsa lone go tswa mo disampoleng tsa magala, go ne ga nniwa lantlha mo go lone mo dingwageng di ka nna bonnye jwa dikete di le masome a le mararo tse di fetileng. <ref name="depression" /> Go epilwe didirisiwa tsa matlapa tsa LSA le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa Motlha wa Tshipi. Dilo tsa letsopa tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tse di kwa teng thata di ne tsa supiwa e le tsa lekgolo la ntlha la dingwaga , mme di amana le dilo tsa bogologolo thata tsa matlapa tse di fitlhetsweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Dikgapetlana tsa manoko a Mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa mo masaleleng a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le dikarolo tse di kwa teng thata, se se dirang gore e nne manoko a mongongo a bogologolo go gaisa a a kileng a bonwa mo go tsotlhe tsa go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. <ref name="depression" /> === Thuto ya tshipi === Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di dirilwe ke mafelo a le mmalwa a go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. Mafelo a le mabedi mo go a, a a itsegeng jaaka [[Divuyu]] le [[Nqoma]], a na le bosupi jwa dilo tsa tshipi tsa Motlha wa Pele wa Tshipi <ref name="metal">{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Duncan |last2=van der Merwe |first2=Nikolaas |date=1994 |title=Early Iron Age Metal Working at the Tsodilo Hills, Northwestern Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=101–115 |bibcode=1994JArSc..21..101M |doi=10.1006/jasc.1994.1011}}</ref> Tse di epolotsweng mo mafelong a mabedi a di ne di na le dikarolwana tsa didirisiwa tsa tshipi, tsotlhe di dirilwe ka tshipi le/kgotsa kopore. Dikarolo tsa makgabisa e ne e le tsa dibaga, , dikeetane le manyena mme didirisiwa di ne di akaretsa di- chesele, di- projectile le metswi ya digai, le magare tota. <ref name="metal" /> Mafelo a mabedi a a tswana ka maranyane a go dira didirisiwa di, mme a na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya go bereka tshipi. Slag le tuyères di lebega di supa gore Divuyu le Nqoma e ka tswa e ne e le mafelo a go nyerolosa tshipi, mme se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafelo a le mmalwa a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Pele mo borwa jwa Afrika a a nang le bosupi jwa go dira tshipi. <ref name="metal" /> == Bokao jwa Ngwao == Dithaba tse di na le bokao jo bogolo jwa ngwao le jwa semoya mo bathong ba Basarwa ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba tse ke lefelo la boikhutso la mewa ya baswi le gore mewa e e tlaa baka matlhotlhapelo le go tlhoka lesego fa mongwe a ka tsoma kgotsa a baka loso gaufi le tsone. Tsodilo gape ke kgang e go ngangisanwang ka yone mabapi le ka fa Basarwa ba kileng ba bo ba tshela ka teng. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sadr |first=Karim |date=1997 |title=Kalahari archaeology and the Bushman debate |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=104–112 |doi=10.1086/204590 |jstor=2744444 |s2cid=144203689}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills,_Botswana.jpg|left|thumb|[[Lefelo la Tsodilo|Tsodilo Hills]] mo Bokone Bophirima jwa Botswana.]] === Ithunthuntso ya setso ka puo === Batho ba le bantsi ba lefelo le go dikologa dithaba tsa Tsodilo ba na le dipolelo tsa dinako tse di fetileng tse di buang ka magaga a mantsi a a takilweng le mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa mo lefelong le. Dithuto tse tsa puo gantsi di bolela ka batho ba Zhu, setlhopha sa [[Basarwa]], ba dirisa mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa go itshireletsa mo dielementeng kgotsa jaaka mafelo a dingwao. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings3.jpg|left|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo letlapeng]] Nngwe ya dipolelo tse e bolela gore batsomi ba ne ba tla mo mafelong a a sireleditsweng mo mantsweng go ikgolaganya le Badimo fa letsomo le ne le sa atlega. Ba ne ba tla bo ba kopa letsomo le le siameng nako e e tlang fa ba tswa. <ref name="oral">{{Cite journal |last=Campbell |first=A.C. |last2=Robbins |first2=L.H. |last3=Murphy |first3=M.L. |date=1994 |title=Oral Traditions and Archaeology of the Tsodilo Hills Male Hill Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=26 |pages=37–54 |jstor=40959180}}</ref> Ka go leboga, fa letsomo le atlegile, batho ba ne ba tla bo ba boela kwa lefelong le la tshireletso mme ba apeela Badimo ba bone. Mo mangweng a mafelo a a neng a bolelwa e le a kampa, ga go na bosupi jo bontsi jwa masalela a molelo. <ref name="oral" /> Mme fela, go na le mafelo a go dirwang ditiro tsa tumelo tse di tshwanang le dithapelo tsa go dira pula. Bagolo ba mo lefelong le ba sa ntse ba gakologelwa ba dirisa mafelo mangwe a a sireletsegileng a matlapa jaaka mafelo a go kampa fa ba sa ntse ba le bana. Lefelo la tshireletso la letlapa la Whites Paintings le ka tswa le ne le dirisiwa jaaka kampa ka paka ya dipula go tloga ka dingwaga di le masome a le bosupa go ya kwa go di le masome a le boferabobedi tse di fetileng. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[Basarwa|Batho ba lefelo le ba Basarwa]] ba dumela gore Tsodilo ke botsalo jwa botshelo jotlhe le botaki koo bo dirilwe ke dikokomane tsa batho ba ntlha. Thuto ka popego ya Tsodilo, ditselana le dikhuti mo lefatsheng di itsege jaaka ditselana le dikgato tsa diphologolo tsa ntlha, di dira tsela ya tsone go ya kwa mosimeng wa ntlha wa metsi <ref name="ritual">{{Cite journal |last=Segadika |first=Phillip |date=2006 |title=Managing Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo |journal=Museum International |volume=58 |issue=1–2 |pages=31–40 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0033.2006.00548.x |s2cid=54755278}}</ref> ). Motswedi wa metsi wa tlholego kwa Tsodilo, gaufi le Thaba ya Mosadi, o dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la go beeletsa metsi le lefelo la ditiro tsa tumelo. O bonwa o le boitshepo, mme o dirisiwa ke batho ba le bantsintsi go iphepafatsa, go fodisa le go sireletsa. <ref name="ritual" /> ==Kitso ye nngwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} ==Dipadi tse dingwe== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] fliqr4x3rygrw4kmjcbsvlhbx1ccnxn 52180 52177 2026-07-08T19:04:34Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the section "Claim of earliest known ritual" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360475990|Tsodilo]]" 52180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} '''Dithaba Tsa Tsodilo''' ( {{Langx|tn|Lefelo la Tsodilo}} ) ke Lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe Lotlhe la [[UNESCO]]( WHS ), le le nang le botaki jwa matlapa, mafelo a a sireletsegileng a matlapa, dikhuti le magaga mo [[Botswana]], kwa Borwa jwa Aforika . Le ne la tsenngwa lantlha mo lenaneong la WHS ka 2001 ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa lone jo bo kgethegileng jwa bodumedi le bokao jwa tsa semoya mo bathong ba lefelo le, ga mmogo le kgatiso ya lone e e kgethegileng ya go nna ga batho teng mo dingwageng di le sekete tse dintsi. [[UNESCO]] e akanyetsa gore go na le ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo mantsweng tse di fetang dikete di le nne le makgolo a le matlhano mo lefelong le. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thebe |first=Phenyo |title=Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo Hills |url=https://www.academia.edu/4460523}}</ref> Lefelo le le na le dithaba di le mmalwa tse dikgolo tse di bidiwang Thaba ya Ngwana, Thaba ya Mosadi le Thaba ya Monna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> == Kitso ka popego ya lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le dithaba tse ditona di le nne. E e kwa godimo go di feta e na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Dithaba tse nne tse di tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> Di ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go tsone go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga dithaba tse pedi tse di tona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Basarwa mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. == Thuto ka matlapa == [[File:Laurens_van_der_Post_Panel.jpg|left|thumb|Phanele ya Laurens van der, 2006]] Batho ba dirisitse mantswe a dithaba tsa Tsodilo go taka le go tshwarela ditiro tsa ditumelo tsa bone dingwaga di le diketekete. Palo kakanyetso ya [[UNESCO]] e supa fa dithaba tse di na le mafelo a le makgolo a le matlhano a a ikemetseng ka bongwe a a kayang dingwaga di le diketekete tsa bonno jwa batho. Botaki jwa matlapa mo dithabeng tse bo ile jwa golaganngwa le batsomi ba ba bapalang ba lefelo le. Go dumelwa gore Badimo ba ba [[Basarwa]] ba takile dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng kwa Tsodilo, mme gape e ne e le bone ba ba neng ba tla ba nna mo magageng le mo mantsweng. Go na le bosupi jwa gore batho ba Bantu ke beng ba ditiro dingwe tsa botaki kwa dithabeng tse. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di ile tsa supiwa gore di ne di le teng dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le bone pele ga gompieno. === Logaga lwa Tshukudu === [[Rhino Cave|Logaga lwa Tshukudu]] lo kwa ntlheng ya Bokone jwa Thaba ya Mosadi mme le na le mabota a mabedi a matona kwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng di leng teng. Setshwantsho sa Tshukudu e Tshweu ( se logaga lo reeletsweng morago ga sone ) se mo leboteng le le kwa bokone, mme se kgaogantswe ke setshwantsho se sengwe sa Thutlwa . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Fa go ne go epiwa bodilo jwa logaga go ne ga fitlhelwa dilo tse dintsi tsa matlapa. Logaga lo ga lo na kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, dilo tsa marapo tse di dirilweng ka diatla, mmopa kgotsa tshipi, fela go ne go na le dikarolwana di le mmalwa tsa kgapetlana ya mongongo tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tsa Motlha wa Letlapa wa Moragonyana . <ref name="rhino" /> [[File:Giraffe_Rock_Art_Painting_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Botaki jwa Thutlwa mo Letlapeng: Dithaba tsa Tsodilo]] Magala a a fitlhetsweng ka nako ya go epa a ile a bewa gore ke a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Aforika, Motlha wa Leje la Moragonyana (LSA), le Motlha wa Leje la Bogare (MSA). Bontsi jwa dilo tsa mantswe tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa kwa LSA di ne di dirilwe ka didirisiwa tsa lefelo le jaaka quartz le jasper. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dilo tsa MSA tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa mo logageng ke dintlha tsa porojekethaele tse di baakantsweng. Dintlha tse di tlwaelesegile go fitlhelwa mo dikgatong tse di farologaneng tsa go dirwa, tse dingwe di tlogetswe di sa felelela mme tse dingwe di feditswe. <ref name="rhino" /> Ditshwantsho tsa Logaga lwa Tshukudu di fitlhelwa thata mo leboteng la Bokone, mme di pentilwe ka mmala o mohibidu kgotsa o mohibidu-wa namune, ntle le tshukudu e e neng e pentilwe ka bosweu. Go dikologa tshukudu le thutlwa go na le ditshwantsho tse di farologaneng, bontsi jwa tsone di le bohibidu, tsa jiomethirikisi. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Mo leboteng le le bapileng le lone, logaga lo na le mesima le dikhuti tse di epilweng mo lentsweng. E ka tswa e epilwe ka go dirisa matlapa a a epang kgotsa matlapa a a silang go tswa mo pakeng ya LSA, a a fitlhetsweng kwa Tsodilo. <ref name="rhino" /> === Ditshwantsho Tse Di Tshweu === [[File:Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|right|thumb|Papiso ya Botaki jwa Mantswe a Mahibidu le a Masweu kwa Tsodilo]] Botaki jwa letlapa jwa mmala o mosweu kwa Tsodilo bo amanngwa le merafe ya Bantu . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRobbinsMurphyCampbellBrook1996">Robbins, Lawrence; Murphy, Michael; Campbell, Alec; Brook, George (1996). "Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''28''': <span class="nowrap">23–</span>45. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980131 40980131].</cite></ref> Bontsi jwa ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di fitlhelwa mo Lefelong la White Paintings le le biditsweng go tsamaelana, le le mo Thabeng ya Monna. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu mo lefelong le la tshireletso, gape.) Ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di supa diphologolo, tsa mo gae le tsa naga, ga mmogo le ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng go tswana le batho. <ref name="wps" /> Ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng jaaka batho gantsi di pentiwa di beile diatla mo dinokeng. Bonnye tsa tsone di supa batho ba palame dipitse, se se kayang gore tse di ne di pentilwe e seng pele ga bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800, fa dipitse di ne di tsisiwa la ntlha mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> Tse di tserweng mo magaleng, kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, disampole tsa marapo le masalela di ne di supa dingwaga go simolola ka MSA go ya go LSA. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le bosupi gape jwa gore lefelo le le ne le dirisiwa ka nako ya ditso: konopo ya nylon le dibaga tsa galase tsa Yuropa di ne tsa fitlhelwa mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo mo mesimeng e e epilweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> ) Masalela a LSA a ne a akaretsa matlapa a a epang le matlapa a go sila, mmogo le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa marapo le matlapa a mannye. Maphatlo a tsa tse di dirilweng ka letsopa, dibaga tsa dikgapetlana tsa mae a ntŝhe le dikgapetlana tsa mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa. <ref name="wps" /> Masalela a tsa MSA a ne akaretsa matlapa a a segang mmogo le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa matlapa. === Ditshwantsho tse di Khibidu === [[File:Animals_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Diphologolo tsa botaki jwa matlapa]] Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di na le botaki jo bontsintsi jwa letlapa le lehibidu; bo ka bonwa mo lefelong lotlhe. Kwa Logageng la Tshukudu, ditshwantsho dingwe tse dikhibidu di lebega di le bogologolo go feta tshukudu e tshweu. Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng tse dikhibidu fa, le go dikologa Tsodilo, di bolelwa gore ke tsa [[Basarwa]] . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> === Lefelo la Depression Rock (lentswe le le kwa tlase) === [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings1.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se sehibidu sa tshukudu]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings4.jpg|right|thumb|Ditshukudu le sebopego se se tshwanang le kgomo]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings5.jpg|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng ka bohibidu jo bo nyeletseng kwa Tsodilo]] Le fitlhelwa ka fa letlhakoreng la bokonebophirima jwa Thaba ya Mosadi, lefelo le le tsere leina la lone go tswa mo dikhuting tse di epilweng mo maboteng a lefelo le. Matshwao a a patilwe ke ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu tse go lebegang e le dikgomo, gammogo le ditshwantsho tsa jiomethiri. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Lefelo le la tshireletso ya matlapa, le le supiwang dinako tsa lone go tswa mo disampoleng tsa magala, go ne ga nniwa lantlha mo go lone mo dingwageng di ka nna bonnye jwa dikete di le masome a le mararo tse di fetileng. <ref name="depression" /> Go epilwe didirisiwa tsa matlapa tsa LSA le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa Motlha wa Tshipi. Dilo tsa letsopa tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tse di kwa teng thata di ne tsa supiwa e le tsa lekgolo la ntlha la dingwaga , mme di amana le dilo tsa bogologolo thata tsa matlapa tse di fitlhetsweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Dikgapetlana tsa manoko a Mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa mo masaleleng a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le dikarolo tse di kwa teng thata, se se dirang gore e nne manoko a mongongo a bogologolo go gaisa a a kileng a bonwa mo go tsotlhe tsa go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. <ref name="depression" /> === Thuto ya tshipi === Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di dirilwe ke mafelo a le mmalwa a go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. Mafelo a le mabedi mo go a, a a itsegeng jaaka [[Divuyu]] le [[Nqoma]], a na le bosupi jwa dilo tsa tshipi tsa Motlha wa Pele wa Tshipi <ref name="metal">{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Duncan |last2=van der Merwe |first2=Nikolaas |date=1994 |title=Early Iron Age Metal Working at the Tsodilo Hills, Northwestern Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=101–115 |bibcode=1994JArSc..21..101M |doi=10.1006/jasc.1994.1011}}</ref> Tse di epolotsweng mo mafelong a mabedi a di ne di na le dikarolwana tsa didirisiwa tsa tshipi, tsotlhe di dirilwe ka tshipi le/kgotsa kopore. Dikarolo tsa makgabisa e ne e le tsa dibaga, , dikeetane le manyena mme didirisiwa di ne di akaretsa di- chesele, di- projectile le metswi ya digai, le magare tota. <ref name="metal" /> Mafelo a mabedi a a tswana ka maranyane a go dira didirisiwa di, mme a na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya go bereka tshipi. Slag le tuyères di lebega di supa gore Divuyu le Nqoma e ka tswa e ne e le mafelo a go nyerolosa tshipi, mme se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafelo a le mmalwa a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Pele mo borwa jwa Afrika a a nang le bosupi jwa go dira tshipi. <ref name="metal" /> == Bokao jwa Ngwao == Dithaba tse di na le bokao jo bogolo jwa ngwao le jwa semoya mo bathong ba Basarwa ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba tse ke lefelo la boikhutso la mewa ya baswi le gore mewa e e tlaa baka matlhotlhapelo le go tlhoka lesego fa mongwe a ka tsoma kgotsa a baka loso gaufi le tsone. Tsodilo gape ke kgang e go ngangisanwang ka yone mabapi le ka fa Basarwa ba kileng ba bo ba tshela ka teng. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sadr |first=Karim |date=1997 |title=Kalahari archaeology and the Bushman debate |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=104–112 |doi=10.1086/204590 |jstor=2744444 |s2cid=144203689}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills,_Botswana.jpg|left|thumb|[[Lefelo la Tsodilo|Tsodilo Hills]] mo Bokone Bophirima jwa Botswana.]] === Ithunthuntso ya setso ka puo === Batho ba le bantsi ba lefelo le go dikologa dithaba tsa Tsodilo ba na le dipolelo tsa dinako tse di fetileng tse di buang ka magaga a mantsi a a takilweng le mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa mo lefelong le. Dithuto tse tsa puo gantsi di bolela ka batho ba Zhu, setlhopha sa [[Basarwa]], ba dirisa mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa go itshireletsa mo dielementeng kgotsa jaaka mafelo a dingwao. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings3.jpg|left|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo letlapeng]] Nngwe ya dipolelo tse e bolela gore batsomi ba ne ba tla mo mafelong a a sireleditsweng mo mantsweng go ikgolaganya le Badimo fa letsomo le ne le sa atlega. Ba ne ba tla bo ba kopa letsomo le le siameng nako e e tlang fa ba tswa. <ref name="oral">{{Cite journal |last=Campbell |first=A.C. |last2=Robbins |first2=L.H. |last3=Murphy |first3=M.L. |date=1994 |title=Oral Traditions and Archaeology of the Tsodilo Hills Male Hill Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=26 |pages=37–54 |jstor=40959180}}</ref> Ka go leboga, fa letsomo le atlegile, batho ba ne ba tla bo ba boela kwa lefelong le la tshireletso mme ba apeela Badimo ba bone. Mo mangweng a mafelo a a neng a bolelwa e le a kampa, ga go na bosupi jo bontsi jwa masalela a molelo. <ref name="oral" /> Mme fela, go na le mafelo a go dirwang ditiro tsa tumelo tse di tshwanang le dithapelo tsa go dira pula. Bagolo ba mo lefelong le ba sa ntse ba gakologelwa ba dirisa mafelo mangwe a a sireletsegileng a matlapa jaaka mafelo a go kampa fa ba sa ntse ba le bana. Lefelo la tshireletso la letlapa la Whites Paintings le ka tswa le ne le dirisiwa jaaka kampa ka paka ya dipula go tloga ka dingwaga di le masome a le bosupa go ya kwa go di le masome a le boferabobedi tse di fetileng. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[Basarwa|Batho ba lefelo le ba Basarwa]] ba dumela gore Tsodilo ke botsalo jwa botshelo jotlhe le botaki koo bo dirilwe ke dikokomane tsa batho ba ntlha. Thuto ka popego ya Tsodilo, ditselana le dikhuti mo lefatsheng di itsege jaaka ditselana le dikgato tsa diphologolo tsa ntlha, di dira tsela ya tsone go ya kwa mosimeng wa ntlha wa metsi <ref name="ritual">{{Cite journal |last=Segadika |first=Phillip |date=2006 |title=Managing Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo |journal=Museum International |volume=58 |issue=1–2 |pages=31–40 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0033.2006.00548.x |s2cid=54755278}}</ref> ). Motswedi wa metsi wa tlholego kwa Tsodilo, gaufi le Thaba ya Mosadi, o dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la go beeletsa metsi le lefelo la ditiro tsa tumelo. O bonwa o le boitshepo, mme o dirisiwa ke batho ba le bantsintsi go iphepafatsa, go fodisa le go sireletsa. <ref name="ritual" /> ==Kitso ye nngwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Mola wa makwalo== {{Reflist}} == Polelo ya tiro ya tumelo ya ntlha == [[File:The_Tsodilo_Penguin.jpg|right|thumb|Nonyane ya metsi ya Tsodilo, setshwantsho se se takilweng se se tshwanang le nonyane]] Ka 2006 lefelo le le bidiwang [[Rhino Cave|Logaga la Tshukudu]] le ne la itsege thata mo metsweding ya dikgang fa Sheila Coulson wa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Oslo a ne a bolela gore go bonwe didirisiwa tse di dirilweng ka diatla tse di nang le dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a le supa le lentswe le le tshwanang le tlhogo ya tlhware le le supang go tshwarwa ga tiro ya tumelo ya ntlha e e itsiweng ya batho. O ne a nonotsha tlhaloso ya gagwe ya gore lefelo le ke le go tshwarelwang ditiro tsa tumelo mo go lone a lebile diphologolo tse dingwe tse di tshwantshitsweng: "Mo logageng, re fitlhela fela diphologolo tse tharo tse di botlhokwa thata mo bathong ba Basarwa; tlhware, tlou, le thutlwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=World's Oldest Ritual Discovered -- Worshipped The Python 70,000 Years Ago |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/11/061130081347.htm |publisher=ScienceDaily.com}}</ref> Fa e sa le foo bangwe ba baithutamatlapa le ba ba neng ba amega mo dipatlisisong tsa ntlha tsa lefelo le ka 1995 le 1996 ba ne ba botsolosa ditlhaloso tse. Ba supa fa dikgang tse (tse di itsegeng ke baithutamatlapa jaaka di-cupule) tse di tlhalosiwang ke Coulson gore ga se tsotlhe tse di simolotseng ka nako e le nngwe le gore "bontsi jwa dikhuti di santse di le boteng fa tse dingwe di khurumeditswe ke patina e e bokete."" Mafelo a mangwe a a gaufi (a a fetang masome a mabedi) le one a na le dikhuti mme ga a supe diphologolo. Marang a radiocarbon le a thermoluminescence a Motlha wa Bogare wa Letlapa a lefelo le ga a tshegetse palo ya dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a le supa, se se akantshang gore ke a dingwaga tse di gautswane. Fa ba buisana ka setshwantsho se se takilweng, baithutamatlapa ba re setshwantsho se se tlhalosiwang jaaka tlou ke tshukudu, gore setshwantsho se sehibidu sa thutlwa ga se sa bogologolo go feta 400 AD le gore setshwantsho se sesweu sa tshukudu ke sa bosheng, le gore baitseanape ba botaki jwa matlapa ba dumela gore ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu le tse ditshweu ke tsa ditlhopha tse di farologaneng. Ba kaya tlhaloso ya ga Coulson jaaka ponelopele ya ditumelo tsa segompieno go ya kwa nakong e e fetileng mme ba bitsa tlhaloso ya ga Coulson kgang e e kopantsweng e e "tsietsang thata". Ba araba polelo ya ga Coulson ya gore tse ke tsone fela ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo logageng ka go bolela gore o itlhokomolositse ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu tsa jometeri tse di fitlhetsweng mo leboteng la logaga. Ba boa gape ba buisana ka dintlha tse di fisitsweng tsa Motlha wa Letlapa wa Bogare, ba bolela gore ga go na sepe se se sa tlwaelegang mo go diriseng dilo tse e seng tsa lefelo le. Ba kgaphela thoko kgang ya gore ga go a fitlhelwa didirisiwa dipe tse di tlwaelegileng mo lefelong le, ba bolelagore di- scraper tse dintsi tse di fitlhelwang ke didirisiwa tse di tlwaelegileng le gore go na le bosupi jwa gore go ne go dirwa didirisiwa mo lefelong le. Fa ba buisana ka ‘phaposi ya sephiri’, ba supa go tlhoka bosupi jwa gore dingaka tsa Basarwa di dirisa diphaposi mo magageng kgotsa gore e e dirisitswe ka tsela e e ntseng jalo. <ref name="Robbins et al">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence H. |last2=AlecC. Campbell |last3=George A. Brook |last4=Michael L. Murphy |date=June 2007 |title=World's Oldest Ritual Site? The "Python Cave" at Tsodilo Hills World Heritage Site, Botswana |url=http://cohesion.rice.edu/CentersAndInst/SAFA/emplibrary/Robbins.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=NYAME AKUMA, the Bulletin of the Society of Africanist Archaeologists |issue=67 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928023109/http://cohesion.rice.edu/CentersAndInst/SAFA/emplibrary/Robbins.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2011 |access-date=1 December 2010}}</ref> ==Dipadi tse dingwe== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] o1ocy9b8sboatvzi7bpeldznako7a5f 52181 52180 2026-07-08T19:06:22Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox World Heritage Site | WHS = Tsodilo | Image = [[Image:Tsodilo rock paintings 1.jpg|200px]] | State Party = [[Botswana]] | Type = Cultural | Criteria = i, iii, vi | ID = 1021 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Africa|Africa]] | Year = 2001 | Session = 25th | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021 }} '''Dithaba Tsa Tsodilo''' ( {{Langx|tn|Lefelo la Tsodilo}} ) ke Lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe Lotlhe la [[UNESCO]]( WHS ), le le nang le botaki jwa matlapa, mafelo a a sireletsegileng a matlapa, dikhuti le magaga mo [[Botswana]], kwa Borwa jwa Aforika . Le ne la tsenngwa lantlha mo lenaneong la WHS ka 2001 ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa lone jo bo kgethegileng jwa bodumedi le bokao jwa tsa semoya mo bathong ba lefelo le, ga mmogo le kgatiso ya lone e e kgethegileng ya go nna ga batho teng mo dingwageng di le sekete tse dintsi. [[UNESCO]] e akanyetsa gore go na le ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo mantsweng tse di fetang dikete di le nne le makgolo a le matlhano mo lefelong le. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thebe |first=Phenyo |title=Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo Hills |url=https://www.academia.edu/4460523}}</ref> Lefelo le le na le dithaba di le mmalwa tse dikgolo tse di bidiwang Thaba ya Ngwana, Thaba ya Mosadi le Thaba ya Monna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> == Kitso ka popego ya lefelo == [[File:Botswana_map.png|left|thumb|193x193px|Moalo wa lefatshe la Botswana]] Go na le dithaba tse ditona di le nne. E e kwa godimo go di feta e na le dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a le mane AMSL, e leng nngwe ya dintlha tse di kwa godimo mo Botswana. Dithaba tse nne tse di tlwaelesegile ka go tlhalosiwa jaaka la "Monna" (le le kwa godimo go a feta), "Mosadi", "Ngwana", gammogo le tlhojana e e senang leina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Staurset |first=Sigrid |title=Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana |url=https://www.academia.edu/6144421}}</ref> Di ka nna sekgala sa dikholomithara di le masome a le mane go tswa kwa [[Shakawe]] mme go ka gorogiwa kwa go tsone go dirisiwa tsela ya mmu e e nang le maemo a a siameng. Go na le lefelo la go kampa le le nang le bookamedi fa gare ga dithaba tse pedi tse di tona, le na le matlhapelo le matlwana a boithomelo. Le gaufi le ditshwantsho tse di tumileng thata tsa Basarwa mo lefelong le, e leng phanele ya ga Laurens van der Post , le teeletswe morago ga mokwadi wa MoAforikaborwa yo o neng a tlhalosa ditshwantsho tse la ntlha mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1958 ''ya The Lost World of the Kalahari'' . Go na le Ntlo ya ditso e e potlana le lebala la difofane gaufi le lefelo le la go kampa. == Thuto ka matlapa == [[File:Laurens_van_der_Post_Panel.jpg|left|thumb|Phanele ya Laurens van der, 2006]] Batho ba dirisitse mantswe a dithaba tsa Tsodilo go taka le go tshwarela ditiro tsa ditumelo tsa bone dingwaga di le diketekete. Palo kakanyetso ya [[UNESCO]] e supa fa dithaba tse di na le mafelo a le makgolo a le matlhano a a ikemetseng ka bongwe a a kayang dingwaga di le diketekete tsa bonno jwa batho. Botaki jwa matlapa mo dithabeng tse bo ile jwa golaganngwa le batsomi ba ba bapalang ba lefelo le. Go dumelwa gore Badimo ba ba [[Basarwa]] ba takile dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng kwa Tsodilo, mme gape e ne e le bone ba ba neng ba tla ba nna mo magageng le mo mantsweng. Go na le bosupi jwa gore batho ba Bantu ke beng ba ditiro dingwe tsa botaki kwa dithabeng tse. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dingwe tsa ditshwantsho tse di ile tsa supiwa gore di ne di le teng dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le bone pele ga gompieno. === Logaga lwa Tshukudu === [[Rhino Cave|Logaga lwa Tshukudu]] lo kwa ntlheng ya Bokone jwa Thaba ya Mosadi mme le na le mabota a mabedi a matona kwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng di leng teng. Setshwantsho sa Tshukudu e Tshweu ( se logaga lo reeletsweng morago ga sone ) se mo leboteng le le kwa bokone, mme se kgaogantswe ke setshwantsho se sengwe sa Thutlwa . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Fa go ne go epiwa bodilo jwa logaga go ne ga fitlhelwa dilo tse dintsi tsa matlapa. Logaga lo ga lo na kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, dilo tsa marapo tse di dirilweng ka diatla, mmopa kgotsa tshipi, fela go ne go na le dikarolwana di le mmalwa tsa kgapetlana ya mongongo tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tsa Motlha wa Letlapa wa Moragonyana . <ref name="rhino" /> [[File:Giraffe_Rock_Art_Painting_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Botaki jwa Thutlwa mo Letlapeng: Dithaba tsa Tsodilo]] Magala a a fitlhetsweng ka nako ya go epa a ile a bewa gore ke a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Aforika, Motlha wa Leje la Moragonyana (LSA), le Motlha wa Leje la Bogare (MSA). Bontsi jwa dilo tsa mantswe tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa kwa LSA di ne di dirilwe ka didirisiwa tsa lefelo le jaaka quartz le jasper. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Dilo tsa MSA tse di dirilweng ka diatla go tswa mo logageng ke dintlha tsa porojekethaele tse di baakantsweng. Dintlha tse di tlwaelesegile go fitlhelwa mo dikgatong tse di farologaneng tsa go dirwa, tse dingwe di tlogetswe di sa felelela mme tse dingwe di feditswe. <ref name="rhino" /> Ditshwantsho tsa Logaga lwa Tshukudu di fitlhelwa thata mo leboteng la Bokone, mme di pentilwe ka mmala o mohibidu kgotsa o mohibidu-wa namune, ntle le tshukudu e e neng e pentilwe ka bosweu. Go dikologa tshukudu le thutlwa go na le ditshwantsho tse di farologaneng, bontsi jwa tsone di le bohibidu, tsa jiomethirikisi. <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> Mo leboteng le le bapileng le lone, logaga lo na le mesima le dikhuti tse di epilweng mo lentsweng. E ka tswa e epilwe ka go dirisa matlapa a a epang kgotsa matlapa a a silang go tswa mo pakeng ya LSA, a a fitlhetsweng kwa Tsodilo. <ref name="rhino" /> === Ditshwantsho Tse Di Tshweu === [[File:Red_and_White_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|right|thumb|Papiso ya Botaki jwa Mantswe a Mahibidu le a Masweu kwa Tsodilo]] Botaki jwa letlapa jwa mmala o mosweu kwa Tsodilo bo amanngwa le merafe ya Bantu . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRobbinsMurphyCampbellBrook1996">Robbins, Lawrence; Murphy, Michael; Campbell, Alec; Brook, George (1996). "Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''28''': <span class="nowrap">23–</span>45. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980131 40980131].</cite></ref> Bontsi jwa ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di fitlhelwa mo Lefelong la White Paintings le le biditsweng go tsamaelana, le le mo Thabeng ya Monna. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu mo lefelong le la tshireletso, gape.) Ditshwantsho tse ditshweu di supa diphologolo, tsa mo gae le tsa naga, ga mmogo le ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng go tswana le batho. <ref name="wps" /> Ditshwantsho tse di bopegileng jaaka batho gantsi di pentiwa di beile diatla mo dinokeng. Bonnye tsa tsone di supa batho ba palame dipitse, se se kayang gore tse di ne di pentilwe e seng pele ga bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800, fa dipitse di ne di tsisiwa la ntlha mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> Tse di tserweng mo magaleng, kgapetlana ya lee la ntŝhe, disampole tsa marapo le masalela di ne di supa dingwaga go simolola ka MSA go ya go LSA. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> (Go na le bosupi gape jwa gore lefelo le le ne le dirisiwa ka nako ya ditso: konopo ya nylon le dibaga tsa galase tsa Yuropa di ne tsa fitlhelwa mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo mo mesimeng e e epilweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="wps" /> ) Masalela a LSA a ne a akaretsa matlapa a a epang le matlapa a go sila, mmogo le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa marapo le matlapa a mannye. Maphatlo a tsa tse di dirilweng ka letsopa, dibaga tsa dikgapetlana tsa mae a ntŝhe le dikgapetlana tsa mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa. <ref name="wps" /> Masalela a tsa MSA a ne akaretsa matlapa a a segang mmogo le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa matlapa. === Ditshwantsho tse di Khibidu === [[File:Animals_Rock_Art_Tsodilo.jpg|thumb|Diphologolo tsa botaki jwa matlapa]] Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di na le botaki jo bontsintsi jwa letlapa le lehibidu; bo ka bonwa mo lefelong lotlhe. Kwa Logageng la Tshukudu, ditshwantsho dingwe tse dikhibidu di lebega di le bogologolo go feta tshukudu e tshweu. Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng tse dikhibidu fa, le go dikologa Tsodilo, di bolelwa gore ke tsa [[Basarwa]] . <ref name="rhino">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence |last2=Murphy |first2=Michael |last3=Campbell |first3=Alec |last4=Brook |first4=George |date=1996 |title=Excavations at the Tsodilo Hills Rhino Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=28 |pages=23–45 |jstor=40980131}}</ref> === Lefelo la Depression Rock (lentswe le le kwa tlase) === [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings1.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se sehibidu sa tshukudu]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings4.jpg|right|thumb|Ditshukudu le sebopego se se tshwanang le kgomo]] [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings5.jpg|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng ka bohibidu jo bo nyeletseng kwa Tsodilo]] Le fitlhelwa ka fa letlhakoreng la bokonebophirima jwa Thaba ya Mosadi, lefelo le le tsere leina la lone go tswa mo dikhuting tse di epilweng mo maboteng a lefelo le. Matshwao a a patilwe ke ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu tse go lebegang e le dikgomo, gammogo le ditshwantsho tsa jiomethiri. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Lefelo le la tshireletso ya matlapa, le le supiwang dinako tsa lone go tswa mo disampoleng tsa magala, go ne ga nniwa lantlha mo go lone mo dingwageng di ka nna bonnye jwa dikete di le masome a le mararo tse di fetileng. <ref name="depression" /> Go epilwe didirisiwa tsa matlapa tsa LSA le dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla tsa Motlha wa Tshipi. Dilo tsa letsopa tse di fitlhetsweng mo dikarolong tse di kwa teng thata di ne tsa supiwa e le tsa lekgolo la ntlha la dingwaga , mme di amana le dilo tsa bogologolo thata tsa matlapa tse di fitlhetsweng mo lefelong le. <ref name="depression">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Campbell |first2=A.C. |date=1989 |title=The Depression Rock Shelter Site, Tsodilo Hills |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |pages=1–3}}</ref> Dikgapetlana tsa manoko a Mongongo le tsone di ne tsa bonwa mo masaleleng a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le dikarolo tse di kwa teng thata, se se dirang gore e nne manoko a mongongo a bogologolo go gaisa a a kileng a bonwa mo go tsotlhe tsa go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. <ref name="depression" /> === Thuto ya tshipi === Dithaba tsa Tsodilo di dirilwe ke mafelo a le mmalwa a go epiwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo. Mafelo a le mabedi mo go a, a a itsegeng jaaka [[Divuyu]] le [[Nqoma]], a na le bosupi jwa dilo tsa tshipi tsa Motlha wa Pele wa Tshipi <ref name="metal">{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Duncan |last2=van der Merwe |first2=Nikolaas |date=1994 |title=Early Iron Age Metal Working at the Tsodilo Hills, Northwestern Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=101–115 |bibcode=1994JArSc..21..101M |doi=10.1006/jasc.1994.1011}}</ref> Tse di epolotsweng mo mafelong a mabedi a di ne di na le dikarolwana tsa didirisiwa tsa tshipi, tsotlhe di dirilwe ka tshipi le/kgotsa kopore. Dikarolo tsa makgabisa e ne e le tsa dibaga, , dikeetane le manyena mme didirisiwa di ne di akaretsa di- chesele, di- projectile le metswi ya digai, le magare tota. <ref name="metal" /> Mafelo a mabedi a a tswana ka maranyane a go dira didirisiwa di, mme a na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya go bereka tshipi. Slag le tuyères di lebega di supa gore Divuyu le Nqoma e ka tswa e ne e le mafelo a go nyerolosa tshipi, mme se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafelo a le mmalwa a Motlha wa Tshipi wa Pele mo borwa jwa Afrika a a nang le bosupi jwa go dira tshipi. <ref name="metal" /> == Bokao jwa Ngwao == Dithaba tse di na le bokao jo bogolo jwa ngwao le jwa semoya mo bathong ba Basarwa ba Kalahari. Ba dumela gore dithaba tse ke lefelo la boikhutso la mewa ya baswi le gore mewa e e tlaa baka matlhotlhapelo le go tlhoka lesego fa mongwe a ka tsoma kgotsa a baka loso gaufi le tsone. Tsodilo gape ke kgang e go ngangisanwang ka yone mabapi le ka fa Basarwa ba kileng ba bo ba tshela ka teng. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sadr |first=Karim |date=1997 |title=Kalahari archaeology and the Bushman debate |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=104–112 |doi=10.1086/204590 |jstor=2744444 |s2cid=144203689}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills,_Botswana.jpg|left|thumb|[[Lefelo la Tsodilo|Tsodilo Hills]] mo Bokone Bophirima jwa Botswana.]] === Ithunthuntso ya setso ka puo === Batho ba le bantsi ba lefelo le go dikologa dithaba tsa Tsodilo ba na le dipolelo tsa dinako tse di fetileng tse di buang ka magaga a mantsi a a takilweng le mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa mo lefelong le. Dithuto tse tsa puo gantsi di bolela ka batho ba Zhu, setlhopha sa [[Basarwa]], ba dirisa mafelo a tshireletso a matlapa go itshireletsa mo dielementeng kgotsa jaaka mafelo a dingwao. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[File:Tsodilo_Hills_rock_paintings3.jpg|left|thumb|Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo letlapeng]] Nngwe ya dipolelo tse e bolela gore batsomi ba ne ba tla mo mafelong a a sireleditsweng mo mantsweng go ikgolaganya le Badimo fa letsomo le ne le sa atlega. Ba ne ba tla bo ba kopa letsomo le le siameng nako e e tlang fa ba tswa. <ref name="oral">{{Cite journal |last=Campbell |first=A.C. |last2=Robbins |first2=L.H. |last3=Murphy |first3=M.L. |date=1994 |title=Oral Traditions and Archaeology of the Tsodilo Hills Male Hill Cave |journal=Botswana Notes and Records |volume=26 |pages=37–54 |jstor=40959180}}</ref> Ka go leboga, fa letsomo le atlegile, batho ba ne ba tla bo ba boela kwa lefelong le la tshireletso mme ba apeela Badimo ba bone. Mo mangweng a mafelo a a neng a bolelwa e le a kampa, ga go na bosupi jo bontsi jwa masalela a molelo. <ref name="oral" /> Mme fela, go na le mafelo a go dirwang ditiro tsa tumelo tse di tshwanang le dithapelo tsa go dira pula. Bagolo ba mo lefelong le ba sa ntse ba gakologelwa ba dirisa mafelo mangwe a a sireletsegileng a matlapa jaaka mafelo a go kampa fa ba sa ntse ba le bana. Lefelo la tshireletso la letlapa la Whites Paintings le ka tswa le ne le dirisiwa jaaka kampa ka paka ya dipula go tloga ka dingwaga di le masome a le bosupa go ya kwa go di le masome a le boferabobedi tse di fetileng. <ref name="wps">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=L.H. |last2=Murphy |first2=M.L. |last3=Brook |first3=G.A. |last4=Ivester |first4=A.H. |last5=Campbell |first5=A.C |last6=Klein |first6=R.G. |last7=Milo |first7=R.G. |last8=Stewart |first8=K.M. |last9=Downey |first9=W.S. |last10=Stevens |first10=N.J. |date=2000 |title=Archaeology, Palaeoenvironment, and Chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Deser, Botswana |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1085–1113 |bibcode=2000JArSc..27.1085R |doi=10.1006/jasc.2000.0597}}</ref> [[Basarwa|Batho ba lefelo le ba Basarwa]] ba dumela gore Tsodilo ke botsalo jwa botshelo jotlhe le botaki koo bo dirilwe ke dikokomane tsa batho ba ntlha. Thuto ka popego ya Tsodilo, ditselana le dikhuti mo lefatsheng di itsege jaaka ditselana le dikgato tsa diphologolo tsa ntlha, di dira tsela ya tsone go ya kwa mosimeng wa ntlha wa metsi <ref name="ritual">{{Cite journal |last=Segadika |first=Phillip |date=2006 |title=Managing Intangible Heritage at Tsodilo |journal=Museum International |volume=58 |issue=1–2 |pages=31–40 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0033.2006.00548.x |s2cid=54755278}}</ref> ). Motswedi wa metsi wa tlholego kwa Tsodilo, gaufi le Thaba ya Mosadi, o dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la go beeletsa metsi le lefelo la ditiro tsa tumelo. O bonwa o le boitshepo, mme o dirisiwa ke batho ba le bantsintsi go iphepafatsa, go fodisa le go sireletsa. <ref name="ritual" /> ==Kitso ye nngwe== * Ursula Erasmus (1992) ''Bushman Culture'' , published by Excalibur, 315 pp ISBN 1856341917 * C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0''Makgadikgadi'' , The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham] * Luis Pancorbo (2000) "Al fin las colinas de Tsodilo" en "Tiempo de África". Pp. 280-286. Laertes, Barcelona. ISBN 84-7584-438-3 * Sheila Coulson, Sigrid Staurset, and Nick Walker (2011) "Ritualized Behavior in the Middle Stone Age: Evidence from Rhino Cave, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana" [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722155949/http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/contents_dynamic.asp?volume=2011 PaleoAnthropology 2011]:18-61 ==Dikwalo== {{Reflist}} == Polelo ya tiro ya tumelo ya ntlha == [[File:The_Tsodilo_Penguin.jpg|right|thumb|Nonyane ya metsi ya Tsodilo, setshwantsho se se takilweng se se tshwanang le nonyane]] Ka 2006 lefelo le le bidiwang [[Rhino Cave|Logaga la Tshukudu]] le ne la itsege thata mo metsweding ya dikgang fa Sheila Coulson wa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Oslo a ne a bolela gore go bonwe didirisiwa tse di dirilweng ka diatla tse di nang le dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a le supa le lentswe le le tshwanang le tlhogo ya tlhware le le supang go tshwarwa ga tiro ya tumelo ya ntlha e e itsiweng ya batho. O ne a nonotsha tlhaloso ya gagwe ya gore lefelo le ke le go tshwarelwang ditiro tsa tumelo mo go lone a lebile diphologolo tse dingwe tse di tshwantshitsweng: "Mo logageng, re fitlhela fela diphologolo tse tharo tse di botlhokwa thata mo bathong ba Basarwa; tlhware, tlou, le thutlwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=World's Oldest Ritual Discovered -- Worshipped The Python 70,000 Years Ago |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/11/061130081347.htm |publisher=ScienceDaily.com}}</ref> Fa e sa le foo bangwe ba baithutamatlapa le ba ba neng ba amega mo dipatlisisong tsa ntlha tsa lefelo le ka 1995 le 1996 ba ne ba botsolosa ditlhaloso tse. Ba supa fa dikgang tse (tse di itsegeng ke baithutamatlapa jaaka di-cupule) tse di tlhalosiwang ke Coulson gore ga se tsotlhe tse di simolotseng ka nako e le nngwe le gore "bontsi jwa dikhuti di santse di le boteng fa tse dingwe di khurumeditswe ke patina e e bokete."" Mafelo a mangwe a a gaufi (a a fetang masome a mabedi) le one a na le dikhuti mme ga a supe diphologolo. Marang a radiocarbon le a thermoluminescence a Motlha wa Bogare wa Letlapa a lefelo le ga a tshegetse palo ya dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a le supa, se se akantshang gore ke a dingwaga tse di gautswane. Fa ba buisana ka setshwantsho se se takilweng, baithutamatlapa ba re setshwantsho se se tlhalosiwang jaaka tlou ke tshukudu, gore setshwantsho se sehibidu sa thutlwa ga se sa bogologolo go feta 400 AD le gore setshwantsho se sesweu sa tshukudu ke sa bosheng, le gore baitseanape ba botaki jwa matlapa ba dumela gore ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu le tse ditshweu ke tsa ditlhopha tse di farologaneng. Ba kaya tlhaloso ya ga Coulson jaaka ponelopele ya ditumelo tsa segompieno go ya kwa nakong e e fetileng mme ba bitsa tlhaloso ya ga Coulson kgang e e kopantsweng e e "tsietsang thata". Ba araba polelo ya ga Coulson ya gore tse ke tsone fela ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo logageng ka go bolela gore o itlhokomolositse ditshwantsho tse dikhibidu tsa jometeri tse di fitlhetsweng mo leboteng la logaga. Ba boa gape ba buisana ka dintlha tse di fisitsweng tsa Motlha wa Letlapa wa Bogare, ba bolela gore ga go na sepe se se sa tlwaelegang mo go diriseng dilo tse e seng tsa lefelo le. Ba kgaphela thoko kgang ya gore ga go a fitlhelwa didirisiwa dipe tse di tlwaelegileng mo lefelong le, ba bolelagore di- scraper tse dintsi tse di fitlhelwang ke didirisiwa tse di tlwaelegileng le gore go na le bosupi jwa gore go ne go dirwa didirisiwa mo lefelong le. Fa ba buisana ka ‘phaposi ya sephiri’, ba supa go tlhoka bosupi jwa gore dingaka tsa Basarwa di dirisa diphaposi mo magageng kgotsa gore e e dirisitswe ka tsela e e ntseng jalo. <ref name="Robbins et al">{{Cite journal |last=Robbins |first=Lawrence H. |last2=AlecC. Campbell |last3=George A. Brook |last4=Michael L. Murphy |date=June 2007 |title=World's Oldest Ritual Site? The "Python Cave" at Tsodilo Hills World Heritage Site, Botswana |url=http://cohesion.rice.edu/CentersAndInst/SAFA/emplibrary/Robbins.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=NYAME AKUMA, the Bulletin of the Society of Africanist Archaeologists |issue=67 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928023109/http://cohesion.rice.edu/CentersAndInst/SAFA/emplibrary/Robbins.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2011 |access-date=1 December 2010}}</ref> ==Dipadi tse dingwe== *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1021/ Tsodilo - Lefelo la ngwao boswa ya lefatshe ka bophara UNESCO] [[Category:Lefelo la dilo tsa tlholego mo Botswana]] [[Category:Kgaolo ya bokone-bophirima (Botswana)]] [[Category:Mafelo a ngwao boswa mo Botswana]] [[Category:Ditso tsa ntlha mo Aferika]] [[Category:Mafelo a a kileng a bo a nale batho mo Botswana]] [[Category:Botlaki jwa matlapa mo Aferika]] tqz0dcd8a93jly30whcsr3xgcs6m9jj 0 8799 52188 31558 2026-07-08T19:46:58Z Botshelo Dire 12943 ke ranotse tsebe e.#wikipidea25bw 52188 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bechuanaland''' e ne e le lefatshe mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] le le neng le le mo tshireletsong le tlhokomelo ya lefatshe la [[:en:United_Kingdom|United Kingdom]] go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1885 kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le malatsi a le masome a mararo le bongwe. Le ne la fetoga go nna [[Botswana|Republic of Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa 1966 kgwedi ya Lwetse e le malatsi a le masome a mararo, dingwaga dingwaga dile thataro morago ganphathi ya sepolotiki ya Bechunaland Democratic Party e sena go tlhomamisiwa ke Rre Seretse Khama == Ditso == Morongwa wa lotso lwa [[:en:Scottish_people|Scottish]] [[John Mackenzie (missionary)|John Mackenzie]] o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1835 a tlhokafala ka 1899, o a neng a tsena kereke ya [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]] (LMS),<ref>McKenna, Amy (2023). [https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Mackenzie "John Mackenzie British Missionary".] ''Britannica''. Retrieved 28/09/2023</ref> a nna kwa motseng wa [[Shoshong]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1862 go tsena ka wa 1876, o ne a dumela gore [[Bangwato]] le ma [[Aferika|Aforika]] a mangwe ba a neng a bereka le bone ba ne ba tshosediwa ke batho ba ba itsege e le ba lotso lwa Seburu go tswa kwa borwa. O ne a bolotsa letsholo la go simolodisa lefatshe la Bechuanaland mo tlhokomelong ya [[:en:United_Kingdom|Britain.]]<ref>Northcott, Cecil (1972). [https://www.historytoday.com/archive/john-mackenzie-and-southern-africa "John Mackenzie and Southern Africa".] ''History Today''. Retrieved 28-09-2023</ref> Mo lokwalong lwa gagwe lwa ''Austral Africa: losing it or Ruling it'', Mackenzie o ranola ditiragalo tse di bakileng go simolodisiwa ga lefatshe le la tshireletso. Ka thotloetso ya ga Mackenzie, ka ngwaga wa 1885 kgwedi ya Firikgong, palamente ya Britain e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go romela setlhopha sa masole kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] ba ya go gatelela bolaodi jwa Britain mo lefelong leo. [[:en:Charles_Warren|Sir Charles Warren]] o ne a etelela pele sesole sa batho ba le dikete di le nne go tswa kwa [[Cape Town|Cape Town.]] Morago ga go diragatsa ditumalano le magosi a mafatshe a Aforika a le mmalwa, Warren o ne a bolela fa tshireletso ya lefatshe e simologa ka ngwaga wa 1885 kwegi ya Mopitlo.<ref>Former deputy attorney-general Tendekani Malebeswa paints a different picture: "The imposition of a protectorate in 1885 by the British was a purely unilateral act to secure their own interests, and it was not in direct response to any request made by any person in what later became Bechuanaland Protectorate. On the contrary, evidence shows that Chiefs Bathoen I of Bangwaketse and Sechele I of Bakwena were sceptical about the protection, whilst Chief Khama III of Bangwato was most receptive to the idea (Morton and Ramsay). ... Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006)." (from T. E. Malebeswa (2020): ''Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects'')</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse gone mo ngwageng o o, lefatshe la [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] kwa borwa jwa noka ya [[Noka ya Molopo|Molopo]] le ne la tsewa ke puso ya bokolone ya [[:en:British_Bechuanaland|British Bechuanaland]]. Mackenzie o ne a na le Warren , mme lokwalo lwa Austral Africa lo fa tlhaloso ya ditiragalo tse.<ref>Mackenzie, John (1887)[https://web.archive.org/web/20180412145903/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2525/ . ''Austral Africa: Losing It or Ruling It; Being Incidents and Experiences in Bechuanaland, Cape Colony, and England''.] London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. Archived from the [https://www.loc.gov/collections/world-digital-library/about-this-collection/ original] on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2014 &#x2013; via World Digital Library.</ref> Bechuanaland o ne a raya "lefatshe la Batswana" mme le ne la kgaogangwa gabedi. Kwa bokone go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le lefatshe la Bechanaland fa kwa borwa go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le kolone ya British Bechuanaland. British Bechuanaland o ne a tsenngwa mo koloneng ya [[:en:Cape_Colony|Cape Colony]] ka ngwaga wa 1895 mme janong ke bontlha bongwe jwa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff, eds. (1987). ''The Birth of Botswana: A history of the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1910 to 1966''. Gaborone, Botswana: Longman Botswana. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-00584-6|<bdi>978-0-582-00584-6</bdi>.]]</ref> Bokone jwa lefatshe e bong Bechuanaland Protectorate, bo ne bo le botona jwa 225,000 miles le palo ya batho ya dikete di le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le makgolo a supa, masome a supa le borataro. Lefelo leo le ne le nniwa ke merafe e metona ya Batswana e le meraro: [[Bangwato]], [[:en:Koena_tribe|Bakwena]] le [[:en:Bangwaketse|Bangwaketse]], ga mmogo le merafe e mebotlana jaaka [[:en:Balete_people|Balete]] le [[Bakgatla]]. Ba bangwe ba ba neng ba nna foo e ne e le ditlogolwana tsa ba ba simolotseng go nna foo e bong [[Basarwa]] le [[:en:Makalaka|Bakalaka]] ba ba neng ba gapetswe lefatshe ke Batswana ka nako ya fa go fudugelwa kwa borwa.<ref>Peters (1947), p. 1</ref> Puso ya Britain e ne e solofetse go neela lefatshe la [[:en:Company_rule_in_Rhodesia|Rhodesia]] kgotsa Aforika Borwa tsamaiso ya lefatshe, mme baganetsi ba Batswana ba tsaya tshetswo ya go sala mo tlhokomelong ya molao wa Britain go fitlhelela leaftshe le tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966. Bechuanaland Protectorate e ne lefatshe le le sireleditsweng le ikemetse e seng le le ka fa tlase ga puso ya lefatshe le lengwe. Kwa tshimologong baeteledipele ba Batswana ba ne ba neetswe nonofo mme tsamaiso ya lefatshe e neetswe sepodisi go sireletsa melelwane kgatlhanong le mafatshe a mangwe a [[:en:Europe|Europe]] a a neng a ka tsaya lefatshe a le busa. Ka ngwaga wa 1891, Motsheganong a le malatsi a ferabongwe, puso ya Britain e ne ya neela tsamaiso ya lefatshe [[:en:List_of_high_commissioners_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_South_Africa|High Commissioner for South Africa]], o a neng a simolola go tlhopha babusi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>{{harvnb|Morton|Ramsay|1987|page=needed}}</ref> Lefatshe le ne le tsamaisiwa go tswa kwa Mafikeng, se e ne e se tlwaelesego gore toropokgolo ya lefatshe e nne kwa ntle ga lefatshe leo. Kgaolo ya Mafikeng e ne e bidiwa 'The Imperial Reserve'. == Motswedi == fhvz10h4u8mxk6ywb304kq8f6wn0uqt 52192 52188 2026-07-08T20:27:39Z Botshelo Dire 12943 ke ranotse tsebe e.#wikipidea25bw 52192 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bechuanaland''' e ne e le lefatshe mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] le le neng le le mo tshireletsong le tlhokomelo ya lefatshe la [[:en:United_Kingdom|United Kingdom]] go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1885 kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le malatsi a le masome a mararo le bongwe. Le ne la fetoga go nna [[Botswana|Republic of Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa 1966 kgwedi ya Lwetse e le malatsi a le masome a mararo, dingwaga dile thataro morago ga phathi ya sepolotiki ya Bechunaland Democratic Party e sena go tlhomamisiwa ke Rre Seretse Khama == Ditso == Morongwa wa lotso lwa [[:en:Scottish_people|Scottish]] [[John Mackenzie (missionary)|John Mackenzie]] o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1835 a tlhokafala ka 1899, o a neng a tsena kereke ya [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]] (LMS),<ref>McKenna, Amy (2023). [https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Mackenzie "John Mackenzie British Missionary".] ''Britannica''. Retrieved 28/09/2023</ref> a nna kwa motseng wa [[Shoshong]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1862 go tsena ka wa 1876, o ne a dumela gore [[Bangwato]] le ma [[Aferika|Aforika]] a mangwe ba a neng a bereka le bone ba ne ba tshosediwa ke batho ba ba itsege e le ba lotso lwa Seburu go tswa kwa borwa. O ne a bolotsa letsholo la go simolodisa lefatshe la Bechuanaland mo tlhokomelong ya [[:en:United_Kingdom|Britain.]]<ref>Northcott, Cecil (1972). [https://www.historytoday.com/archive/john-mackenzie-and-southern-africa "John Mackenzie and Southern Africa".] ''History Today''. Retrieved 28-09-2023</ref> Mo lokwalong lwa gagwe lwa ''Austral Africa: losing it or Ruling it'', Mackenzie o ranola ditiragalo tse di bakileng go simolodisiwa ga lefatshe le la tshireletso. Ka thotloetso ya ga Mackenzie, ka ngwaga wa 1885 kgwedi ya Firikgong, palamente ya Britain e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go romela setlhopha sa masole kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] ba ya go gatelela bolaodi jwa Britain mo lefelong leo. [[:en:Charles_Warren|Sir Charles Warren]] o ne a etelela pele sesole sa batho ba le dikete di le nne go tswa kwa [[Cape Town|Cape Town.]] Morago ga go diragatsa ditumalano le magosi a mafatshe a Aforika a le mmalwa, Warren o ne a bolela fa tshireletso ya lefatshe e simologa ka ngwaga wa 1885 kwegi ya Mopitlo.<ref>Former deputy attorney-general Tendekani Malebeswa paints a different picture: "The imposition of a protectorate in 1885 by the British was a purely unilateral act to secure their own interests, and it was not in direct response to any request made by any person in what later became Bechuanaland Protectorate. On the contrary, evidence shows that Chiefs Bathoen I of Bangwaketse and Sechele I of Bakwena were sceptical about the protection, whilst Chief Khama III of Bangwato was most receptive to the idea (Morton and Ramsay). ... Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006)." (from T. E. Malebeswa (2020): ''Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects'')</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse gone mo ngwageng o o, lefatshe la [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] kwa borwa jwa noka ya [[Noka ya Molopo|Molopo]] le ne la tsewa ke puso ya bokolone ya [[:en:British_Bechuanaland|British Bechuanaland]]. Mackenzie o ne a na le Warren , mme lokwalo lwa Austral Africa lo fa tlhaloso ya ditiragalo tse.<ref>Mackenzie, John (1887)[https://web.archive.org/web/20180412145903/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2525/ . ''Austral Africa: Losing It or Ruling It; Being Incidents and Experiences in Bechuanaland, Cape Colony, and England''.] London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. Archived from the [https://www.loc.gov/collections/world-digital-library/about-this-collection/ original] on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2014 &#x2013; via World Digital Library.</ref> Bechuanaland o ne a raya "lefatshe la Batswana" mme le ne la kgaogangwa gabedi. Kwa bokone go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le lefatshe la Bechanaland fa kwa borwa go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le kolone ya British Bechuanaland. British Bechuanaland o ne a tsenngwa mo koloneng ya [[:en:Cape_Colony|Cape Colony]] ka ngwaga wa 1895 mme janong ke bontlha bongwe jwa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff, eds. (1987). ''The Birth of Botswana: A history of the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1910 to 1966''. Gaborone, Botswana: Longman Botswana. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-00584-6|<bdi>978-0-582-00584-6</bdi>.]]</ref> Bokone jwa lefatshe e bong Bechuanaland Protectorate, bo ne bo le botona jwa 225,000 miles le palo ya batho ya dikete di le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le makgolo a supa, masome a supa le borataro. Lefelo leo le ne le nniwa ke merafe e metona ya Batswana e le meraro: [[Bangwato]], [[:en:Koena_tribe|Bakwena]] le [[:en:Bangwaketse|Bangwaketse]], ga mmogo le merafe e mebotlana jaaka [[:en:Balete_people|Balete]] le [[Bakgatla]]. Ba bangwe ba ba neng ba nna foo e ne e le ditlogolwana tsa ba ba simolotseng go nna foo e bong [[Basarwa]] le [[:en:Makalaka|Bakalaka]] ba ba neng ba gapetswe lefatshe ke Batswana ka nako ya fa go fudugelwa kwa borwa.<ref>Peters (1947), p. 1</ref> Puso ya Britain e ne e solofetse go neela lefatshe la [[:en:Company_rule_in_Rhodesia|Rhodesia]] kgotsa Aforika Borwa tsamaiso ya lefatshe, mme baganetsi ba Batswana ba tsaya tshetswo ya go sala mo tlhokomelong ya molao wa Britain go fitlhelela leaftshe le tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966. Bechuanaland Protectorate e ne lefatshe le le sireleditsweng le ikemetse e seng le le ka fa tlase ga puso ya lefatshe le lengwe. Kwa tshimologong baeteledipele ba Batswana ba ne ba neetswe nonofo mme tsamaiso ya lefatshe e neetswe sepodisi go sireletsa melelwane kgatlhanong le mafatshe a mangwe a [[:en:Europe|Europe]] a a neng a ka tsaya lefatshe a le busa. Ka ngwaga wa 1891, Motsheganong a le malatsi a ferabongwe, puso ya Britain e ne ya neela tsamaiso ya lefatshe [[:en:List_of_high_commissioners_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_South_Africa|High Commissioner for South Africa]], o a neng a simolola go tlhopha babusi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>{{harvnb|Morton|Ramsay|1987|page=needed}}</ref> Lefatshe le ne le tsamaisiwa go tswa kwa Mafikeng, seo se ne se tsala seemo se se sa tlwaelegang gore toropokgolo ya lefatshe e nne kwa ntle ga lefatshe leo. Kgaolo ya Mafikeng(gotswa ka 1980 ene e tsentswe mo [[Bophuthatswana]] Mfikeng, ka 2010 ya nna [[Mahikeng|Mahikieng]]) e ne e bidiwa 'The Imperial Reserve'. Ka 1885, ha Bechunalnd a bolelwa jaaka kgaolo e e sireleditsweng, one a tshwaragane le bokone ka ditekanyo tsa mola tsa equator ka [[22° south]].Molelwane wa bokone wa lefelo le le sireleditsweng on wa okediwa ke Ba-Boritshe go ya kwa bokone go akaretsa Ngamilang, eka nako eo e neng e buswa ke Ba-Tawana ka ngwaga wa 1890, kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele masome a mararo. == Motswedi == rg15elpjo4fxkf0bv474jagh9elxe9h 52193 52192 2026-07-08T20:37:55Z Botshelo Dire 12943 ke ranotse tsebe e.#wikipidea25bw 52193 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bechuanaland''' e ne e le lefatshe mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] le le neng le le mo tshireletsong le tlhokomelo ya lefatshe la [[:en:United_Kingdom|United Kingdom]] go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1885 kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le malatsi a le masome a mararo le bongwe. Le ne la fetoga go nna [[Botswana|Republic of Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa 1966 kgwedi ya Lwetse e le malatsi a le masome a mararo, dingwaga dile thataro morago ga phathi ya sepolotiki ya Bechunaland Democratic Party e sena go tlhomamisiwa ke Rre Seretse Khama == Ditso == Morongwa wa lotso lwa [[:en:Scottish_people|Scottish]] [[John Mackenzie (missionary)|John Mackenzie]] o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1835 a tlhokafala ka 1899, o a neng a tsena kereke ya [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]] (LMS),<ref>McKenna, Amy (2023). [https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Mackenzie "John Mackenzie British Missionary".] ''Britannica''. Retrieved 28/09/2023</ref> a nna kwa motseng wa [[Shoshong]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1862 go tsena ka wa 1876, o ne a dumela gore [[Bangwato]] le ma [[Aferika|Aforika]] a mangwe ba a neng a bereka le bone ba ne ba tshosediwa ke batho ba ba itsege e le ba lotso lwa Seburu go tswa kwa borwa. O ne a bolotsa letsholo la go simolodisa lefatshe la Bechuanaland mo tlhokomelong ya [[:en:United_Kingdom|Britain.]]<ref>Northcott, Cecil (1972). [https://www.historytoday.com/archive/john-mackenzie-and-southern-africa "John Mackenzie and Southern Africa".] ''History Today''. Retrieved 28-09-2023</ref> Mo lokwalong lwa gagwe lwa ''Austral Africa: losing it or Ruling it'', Mackenzie o ranola ditiragalo tse di bakileng go simolodisiwa ga lefatshe le la tshireletso. Ka thotloetso ya ga Mackenzie, ka ngwaga wa 1885 kgwedi ya Firikgong, palamente ya Britain e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go romela setlhopha sa masole kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] ba ya go gatelela bolaodi jwa Britain mo lefelong leo. [[:en:Charles_Warren|Sir Charles Warren]] o ne a etelela pele sesole sa batho ba le dikete di le nne go tswa kwa [[Cape Town|Cape Town.]] Morago ga go diragatsa ditumalano le magosi a mafatshe a Aforika a le mmalwa, Warren o ne a bolela fa tshireletso ya lefatshe e simologa ka ngwaga wa 1885 kwegi ya Mopitlo.<ref>Former deputy attorney-general Tendekani Malebeswa paints a different picture: "The imposition of a protectorate in 1885 by the British was a purely unilateral act to secure their own interests, and it was not in direct response to any request made by any person in what later became Bechuanaland Protectorate. On the contrary, evidence shows that Chiefs Bathoen I of Bangwaketse and Sechele I of Bakwena were sceptical about the protection, whilst Chief Khama III of Bangwato was most receptive to the idea (Morton and Ramsay). ... Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006)." (from T. E. Malebeswa (2020): ''Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects'')</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse gone mo ngwageng o o, lefatshe la [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] kwa borwa jwa noka ya [[Noka ya Molopo|Molopo]] le ne la tsewa ke puso ya bokolone ya [[:en:British_Bechuanaland|British Bechuanaland]]. Mackenzie o ne a na le Warren , mme lokwalo lwa Austral Africa lo fa tlhaloso ya ditiragalo tse.<ref>Mackenzie, John (1887)[https://web.archive.org/web/20180412145903/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2525/ . ''Austral Africa: Losing It or Ruling It; Being Incidents and Experiences in Bechuanaland, Cape Colony, and England''.] London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. Archived from the [https://www.loc.gov/collections/world-digital-library/about-this-collection/ original] on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2014 &#x2013; via World Digital Library.</ref> Bechuanaland o ne a raya "lefatshe la Batswana" mme le ne la kgaogangwa gabedi. Kwa bokone go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le lefatshe la Bechanaland fa kwa borwa go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le kolone ya British Bechuanaland. British Bechuanaland o ne a tsenngwa mo koloneng ya [[:en:Cape_Colony|Cape Colony]] ka ngwaga wa 1895 mme janong ke bontlha bongwe jwa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff, eds. (1987). ''The Birth of Botswana: A history of the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1910 to 1966''. Gaborone, Botswana: Longman Botswana. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-00584-6|<bdi>978-0-582-00584-6</bdi>.]]</ref> Bokone jwa lefatshe e bong Bechuanaland Protectorate, bo ne bo le botona jwa 225,000 miles le palo ya batho ya dikete di le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le makgolo a supa, masome a supa le borataro. Lefelo leo le ne le nniwa ke merafe e metona ya Batswana e le meraro: [[Bangwato]], [[:en:Koena_tribe|Bakwena]] le [[:en:Bangwaketse|Bangwaketse]], ga mmogo le merafe e mebotlana jaaka [[:en:Balete_people|Balete]] le [[Bakgatla]]. Ba bangwe ba ba neng ba nna foo e ne e le ditlogolwana tsa ba ba simolotseng go nna foo e bong [[Basarwa]] le [[:en:Makalaka|Bakalaka]] ba ba neng ba gapetswe lefatshe ke Batswana ka nako ya fa go fudugelwa kwa borwa.<ref>Peters (1947), p. 1</ref> Puso ya Britain e ne e solofetse go neela lefatshe la [[:en:Company_rule_in_Rhodesia|Rhodesia]] kgotsa Aforika Borwa tsamaiso ya lefatshe, mme baganetsi ba Batswana ba tsaya tshetswo ya go sala mo tlhokomelong ya molao wa Britain go fitlhelela leaftshe le tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966. Bechuanaland Protectorate e ne lefatshe le le sireleditsweng le ikemetse e seng le le ka fa tlase ga puso ya lefatshe le lengwe. Kwa tshimologong baeteledipele ba Batswana ba ne ba neetswe nonofo mme tsamaiso ya lefatshe e neetswe sepodisi go sireletsa melelwane kgatlhanong le mafatshe a mangwe a [[:en:Europe|Europe]] a a neng a ka tsaya lefatshe a le busa. Ka ngwaga wa 1891, Motsheganong a le malatsi a ferabongwe, puso ya Britain e ne ya neela tsamaiso ya lefatshe [[:en:List_of_high_commissioners_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_South_Africa|High Commissioner for South Africa]], o a neng a simolola go tlhopha babusi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>{{harvnb|Morton|Ramsay|1987|page=needed}}</ref> Lefatshe le ne le tsamaisiwa go tswa kwa Mafikeng, seo se ne se tsala seemo se se sa tlwaelegang gore toropokgolo ya lefatshe e nne kwa ntle ga lefatshe leo. Kgaolo ya Mafikeng(gotswa ka 1980 ene e tsentswe mo [[Bophuthatswana]] Mfikeng, ka 2010 ya nna [[Mahikeng|Mahikieng]]) e ne e bidiwa 'The Imperial Reserve'. Ka 1885, ha Bechunalnd a bolelwa jaaka kgaolo e e sireleditsweng, one a tshwaragane le bokone ka ditekanyo tsa mola tsa equator ka [[22° south]].Molelwane wa bokone wa lefelo le le sireleditsweng on wa okediwa ke Ba-Boritshe go ya kwa bokone go akaretsa Ngamilang, eka nako eo e neng e buswa ke Ba-Tawana ka ngwaga wa 1890, kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele masome a mararo. Kgang eo, ene ya amogelwa semmuso ke lefatshe la Jeremane le le latelang ka karolo ya Boraro ya Tumalano ya Heligoland-Zanzibar, e e neng ya tlhomamisa molelwane wa bophirima wa lefelo la itshireletso la Britain la Bechunalnd le la Jeeremane la Itshireletso la Aforika Borwa-Bophirima gape le go bopa kgaolo ya Caprivi e e setseng e amogetswe ke Namibia ya segompieno == Motswedi == dk97ycofeqedyhxmos5nbgdlufbb7g0 52195 52193 2026-07-08T22:15:20Z Botshelo Dire 12943 ke ranotse tsebe e.#wikipidea25bw 52195 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bechuanaland''' e ne e le lefatshe mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] le le neng le le mo tshireletsong le tlhokomelo ya lefatshe la [[:en:United_Kingdom|United Kingdom]] go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1885 kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le malatsi a le masome a mararo le bongwe. Le ne la fetoga go nna [[Botswana|Republic of Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa 1966 kgwedi ya Lwetse e le malatsi a le masome a mararo, dingwaga dile thataro morago ga phathi ya sepolotiki ya Bechunaland Democratic Party e sena go tlhomamisiwa ke Rre Seretse Khama == Ditso == Morongwa wa lotso lwa [[:en:Scottish_people|Scottish]] [[John Mackenzie (missionary)|John Mackenzie]] o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1835 a tlhokafala ka 1899, o a neng a tsena kereke ya [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]] (LMS),<ref>McKenna, Amy (2023). [https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Mackenzie "John Mackenzie British Missionary".] ''Britannica''. Retrieved 28/09/2023</ref> a nna kwa motseng wa [[Shoshong]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1862 go tsena ka wa 1876, o ne a dumela gore [[Bangwato]] le ma [[Aferika|Aforika]] a mangwe ba a neng a bereka le bone ba ne ba tshosediwa ke batho ba ba itsege e le ba lotso lwa Seburu go tswa kwa borwa. O ne a bolotsa letsholo la go simolodisa lefatshe la Bechuanaland mo tlhokomelong ya [[:en:United_Kingdom|Britain.]]<ref>Northcott, Cecil (1972). [https://www.historytoday.com/archive/john-mackenzie-and-southern-africa "John Mackenzie and Southern Africa".] ''History Today''. Retrieved 28-09-2023</ref> Mo lokwalong lwa gagwe lwa ''Austral Africa: losing it or Ruling it'', Mackenzie o ranola ditiragalo tse di bakileng go simolodisiwa ga lefatshe le la tshireletso. Ka thotloetso ya ga Mackenzie, ka ngwaga wa 1885 kgwedi ya Firikgong, palamente ya Britain e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go romela setlhopha sa masole kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] ba ya go gatelela bolaodi jwa Britain mo lefelong leo. [[:en:Charles_Warren|Sir Charles Warren]] o ne a etelela pele sesole sa batho ba le dikete di le nne go tswa kwa [[Cape Town|Cape Town.]] Morago ga go diragatsa ditumalano le magosi a mafatshe a Aforika a le mmalwa, Warren o ne a bolela fa tshireletso ya lefatshe e simologa ka ngwaga wa 1885 kwegi ya Mopitlo.<ref>Former deputy attorney-general Tendekani Malebeswa paints a different picture: "The imposition of a protectorate in 1885 by the British was a purely unilateral act to secure their own interests, and it was not in direct response to any request made by any person in what later became Bechuanaland Protectorate. On the contrary, evidence shows that Chiefs Bathoen I of Bangwaketse and Sechele I of Bakwena were sceptical about the protection, whilst Chief Khama III of Bangwato was most receptive to the idea (Morton and Ramsay). ... Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006)." (from T. E. Malebeswa (2020): ''Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects'')</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse gone mo ngwageng o o, lefatshe la [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] kwa borwa jwa noka ya [[Noka ya Molopo|Molopo]] le ne la tsewa ke puso ya bokolone ya [[:en:British_Bechuanaland|British Bechuanaland]]. Mackenzie o ne a na le Warren , mme lokwalo lwa Austral Africa lo fa tlhaloso ya ditiragalo tse.<ref>Mackenzie, John (1887)[https://web.archive.org/web/20180412145903/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2525/ . ''Austral Africa: Losing It or Ruling It; Being Incidents and Experiences in Bechuanaland, Cape Colony, and England''.] London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. Archived from the [https://www.loc.gov/collections/world-digital-library/about-this-collection/ original] on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2014 &#x2013; via World Digital Library.</ref> Bechuanaland o ne a raya "lefatshe la Batswana" mme le ne la kgaogangwa gabedi. Kwa bokone go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le lefatshe la Bechanaland fa kwa borwa go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le kolone ya British Bechuanaland. British Bechuanaland o ne a tsenngwa mo koloneng ya [[:en:Cape_Colony|Cape Colony]] ka ngwaga wa 1895 mme janong ke bontlha bongwe jwa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff, eds. (1987). ''The Birth of Botswana: A history of the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1910 to 1966''. Gaborone, Botswana: Longman Botswana. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-00584-6|<bdi>978-0-582-00584-6</bdi>.]]</ref> Bokone jwa lefatshe e bong Bechuanaland Protectorate, bo ne bo le botona jwa 225,000 miles le palo ya batho ya dikete di le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le makgolo a supa, masome a supa le borataro. Lefelo leo le ne le nniwa ke merafe e metona ya Batswana e le meraro: [[Bangwato]], [[:en:Koena_tribe|Bakwena]] le [[:en:Bangwaketse|Bangwaketse]], ga mmogo le merafe e mebotlana jaaka [[:en:Balete_people|Balete]] le [[Bakgatla]]. Ba bangwe ba ba neng ba nna foo e ne e le ditlogolwana tsa ba ba simolotseng go nna foo e bong [[Basarwa]] le [[:en:Makalaka|Bakalaka]] ba ba neng ba gapetswe lefatshe ke Batswana ka nako ya fa go fudugelwa kwa borwa.<ref>Peters (1947), p. 1</ref> Puso ya Britain e ne e solofetse go neela lefatshe la [[:en:Company_rule_in_Rhodesia|Rhodesia]] kgotsa Aforika Borwa tsamaiso ya lefatshe, mme baganetsi ba Batswana ba tsaya tshetswo ya go sala mo tlhokomelong ya molao wa Britain go fitlhelela leaftshe le tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966. Bechuanaland Protectorate e ne lefatshe le le sireleditsweng le ikemetse e seng le le ka fa tlase ga puso ya lefatshe le lengwe. Kwa tshimologong baeteledipele ba Batswana ba ne ba neetswe nonofo mme tsamaiso ya lefatshe e neetswe sepodisi go sireletsa melelwane kgatlhanong le mafatshe a mangwe a [[:en:Europe|Europe]] a a neng a ka tsaya lefatshe a le busa. Ka ngwaga wa 1891, Motsheganong a le malatsi a ferabongwe, puso ya Britain e ne ya neela tsamaiso ya lefatshe [[:en:List_of_high_commissioners_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_South_Africa|High Commissioner for South Africa]], o a neng a simolola go tlhopha babusi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>{{harvnb|Morton|Ramsay|1987|page=needed}}</ref> Lefatshe le ne le tsamaisiwa go tswa kwa Mafikeng, seo se ne se tsala seemo se se sa tlwaelegang gore toropokgolo ya lefatshe e nne kwa ntle ga lefatshe leo. Kgaolo ya Mafikeng(gotswa ka 1980 ene e tsentswe mo [[Bophuthatswana]] Mfikeng, ka 2010 ya nna [[Mahikeng|Mahikieng]]) e ne e bidiwa 'The Imperial Reserve'. Ka 1885, ha Bechunalnd a bolelwa jaaka kgaolo e e sireleditsweng, one a tshwaragane le bokone ka ditekanyo tsa mola tsa equator ka [[22° south]].Molelwane wa bokone wa lefelo le le sireleditsweng on wa okediwa ke Ba-Boritshe go ya kwa bokone go akaretsa Ngamilang, eka nako eo e neng e buswa ke Ba-Tawana ka ngwaga wa 1890, kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele masome a mararo. Kgang eo, ene ya amogelwa semmuso ke lefatshe la Jeremane le le latelang ka karolo ya Boraro ya Tumalano ya Heligoland-Zanzibar, e e neng ya tlhomamisa molelwane wa bophirima wa lefelo la itshireletso la Britain la Bechunalnd le la Jeeremane la Itshireletso la Aforika Borwa-Bophirima gape le go bopa kgaolo ya Caprivi e e setseng e amogetswe ke Namibia ya segompieno. Kwa Borwa- bophirima jwa Aforika, lefelo le le laolwang ke Jeremane le tlhaloswa jana: # kwa borwa go kgaolwa ke mola o simologang kwa molomong wa Noka ya Orange o bo o ya ntlheng ya bokone jwa yone fo fitlha e kopana le mola wa bogare wa boleele wa ditekanyo ts equator wa 20 kwa botlhaba. # kotlase le ene kwa botlhabanng ka mola o o simololang kwa lefelong le le builweng pele o bo o latela bogareng jwa mola wa ntlha ya botlhabanng jwa masome a bobedi go ya kwa o kopanang le mola wa ntlha ya borwa ta bo 22°. Mola o o tswa foo o latela tekanyo e bophara jwa lefatshe goya botlhabeng go fitha o kgatlhana le mola o boleele jwa lefatshe wa degre tse di masome a mabedi le bongwe (21) botlhaba, o bo o o latela mola o wa boleele oya kwa bokone go fitlha o kgatlhana le mola wa bophara jwa lefatshee wa digre tse lesome le boferabobedi(18), mme o tsamae le mola o bophara go ya kwa botlhabeng go fitlha o kgatlhana le noka ya Chobe. == Motswedi == 5dncktfau09ds07d5lfbavb1fwyw4z0 52198 52195 2026-07-08T22:59:23Z Botshelo Dire 12943 ke ranotse tsebe e.#wikipidea25bw 52198 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bechuanaland''' e ne e le lefatshe mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] le le neng le le mo tshireletsong le tlhokomelo ya lefatshe la [[:en:United_Kingdom|United Kingdom]] go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1885 kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le malatsi a le masome a mararo le bongwe. Le ne la fetoga go nna [[Botswana|Republic of Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa 1966 kgwedi ya Lwetse e le malatsi a le masome a mararo, dingwaga dile thataro morago ga phathi ya sepolotiki ya Bechunaland Democratic Party e sena go tlhomamisiwa ke Rre Seretse Khama == Ditso == Morongwa wa lotso lwa [[:en:Scottish_people|Scottish]] [[John Mackenzie (missionary)|John Mackenzie]] o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1835 a tlhokafala ka 1899, o a neng a tsena kereke ya [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]] (LMS),<ref>McKenna, Amy (2023). [https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Mackenzie "John Mackenzie British Missionary".] ''Britannica''. Retrieved 28/09/2023</ref> a nna kwa motseng wa [[Shoshong]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1862 go tsena ka wa 1876, o ne a dumela gore [[Bangwato]] le ma [[Aferika|Aforika]] a mangwe ba a neng a bereka le bone ba ne ba tshosediwa ke batho ba ba itsege e le ba lotso lwa Seburu go tswa kwa borwa. O ne a bolotsa letsholo la go simolodisa lefatshe la Bechuanaland mo tlhokomelong ya [[:en:United_Kingdom|Britain.]]<ref>Northcott, Cecil (1972). [https://www.historytoday.com/archive/john-mackenzie-and-southern-africa "John Mackenzie and Southern Africa".] ''History Today''. Retrieved 28-09-2023</ref> Mo lokwalong lwa gagwe lwa ''Austral Africa: losing it or Ruling it'', Mackenzie o ranola ditiragalo tse di bakileng go simolodisiwa ga lefatshe le la tshireletso. Ka thotloetso ya ga Mackenzie, ka ngwaga wa 1885 kgwedi ya Firikgong, palamente ya Britain e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go romela setlhopha sa masole kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] ba ya go gatelela bolaodi jwa Britain mo lefelong leo. [[:en:Charles_Warren|Sir Charles Warren]] o ne a etelela pele sesole sa batho ba le dikete di le nne go tswa kwa [[Cape Town|Cape Town.]] Morago ga go diragatsa ditumalano le magosi a mafatshe a Aforika a le mmalwa, Warren o ne a bolela fa tshireletso ya lefatshe e simologa ka ngwaga wa 1885 kwegi ya Mopitlo.<ref>Former deputy attorney-general Tendekani Malebeswa paints a different picture: "The imposition of a protectorate in 1885 by the British was a purely unilateral act to secure their own interests, and it was not in direct response to any request made by any person in what later became Bechuanaland Protectorate. On the contrary, evidence shows that Chiefs Bathoen I of Bangwaketse and Sechele I of Bakwena were sceptical about the protection, whilst Chief Khama III of Bangwato was most receptive to the idea (Morton and Ramsay). ... Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006)." (from T. E. Malebeswa (2020): ''Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects'')</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse gone mo ngwageng o o, lefatshe la [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] kwa borwa jwa noka ya [[Noka ya Molopo|Molopo]] le ne la tsewa ke puso ya bokolone ya [[:en:British_Bechuanaland|British Bechuanaland]]. Mackenzie o ne a na le Warren , mme lokwalo lwa Austral Africa lo fa tlhaloso ya ditiragalo tse.<ref>Mackenzie, John (1887)[https://web.archive.org/web/20180412145903/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2525/ . ''Austral Africa: Losing It or Ruling It; Being Incidents and Experiences in Bechuanaland, Cape Colony, and England''.] London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. Archived from the [https://www.loc.gov/collections/world-digital-library/about-this-collection/ original] on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2014 &#x2013; via World Digital Library.</ref> Bechuanaland o ne a raya "lefatshe la Batswana" mme le ne la kgaogangwa gabedi. Kwa bokone go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le lefatshe la Bechanaland fa kwa borwa go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le kolone ya British Bechuanaland. British Bechuanaland o ne a tsenngwa mo koloneng ya [[:en:Cape_Colony|Cape Colony]] ka ngwaga wa 1895 mme janong ke bontlha bongwe jwa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff, eds. (1987). ''The Birth of Botswana: A history of the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1910 to 1966''. Gaborone, Botswana: Longman Botswana. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-00584-6|<bdi>978-0-582-00584-6</bdi>.]]</ref> Bokone jwa lefatshe e bong Bechuanaland Protectorate, bo ne bo le botona jwa 225,000 miles le palo ya batho ya dikete di le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le makgolo a supa, masome a supa le borataro. Lefelo leo le ne le nniwa ke merafe e metona ya Batswana e le meraro: [[Bangwato]], [[:en:Koena_tribe|Bakwena]] le [[:en:Bangwaketse|Bangwaketse]], ga mmogo le merafe e mebotlana jaaka [[:en:Balete_people|Balete]] le [[Bakgatla]]. Ba bangwe ba ba neng ba nna foo e ne e le ditlogolwana tsa ba ba simolotseng go nna foo e bong [[Basarwa]] le [[:en:Makalaka|Bakalaka]] ba ba neng ba gapetswe lefatshe ke Batswana ka nako ya fa go fudugelwa kwa borwa.<ref>Peters (1947), p. 1</ref> Puso ya Britain e ne e solofetse go neela lefatshe la [[:en:Company_rule_in_Rhodesia|Rhodesia]] kgotsa Aforika Borwa tsamaiso ya lefatshe, mme baganetsi ba Batswana ba tsaya tshetswo ya go sala mo tlhokomelong ya molao wa Britain go fitlhelela leaftshe le tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966. Bechuanaland Protectorate e ne lefatshe le le sireleditsweng le ikemetse e seng le le ka fa tlase ga puso ya lefatshe le lengwe. Kwa tshimologong baeteledipele ba Batswana ba ne ba neetswe nonofo mme tsamaiso ya lefatshe e neetswe sepodisi go sireletsa melelwane kgatlhanong le mafatshe a mangwe a [[:en:Europe|Europe]] a a neng a ka tsaya lefatshe a le busa. Ka ngwaga wa 1891, Motsheganong a le malatsi a ferabongwe, puso ya Britain e ne ya neela tsamaiso ya lefatshe [[:en:List_of_high_commissioners_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_South_Africa|High Commissioner for South Africa]], o a neng a simolola go tlhopha babusi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>{{harvnb|Morton|Ramsay|1987|page=needed}}</ref> Lefatshe le ne le tsamaisiwa go tswa kwa Mafikeng, seo se ne se tsala seemo se se sa tlwaelegang gore toropokgolo ya lefatshe e nne kwa ntle ga lefatshe leo. Kgaolo ya Mafikeng(gotswa ka 1980 ene e tsentswe mo [[Bophuthatswana]] Mfikeng, ka 2010 ya nna [[Mahikeng|Mahikieng]]) e ne e bidiwa 'The Imperial Reserve'. Ka 1885, ha Bechunalnd a bolelwa jaaka kgaolo e e sireleditsweng, one a tshwaragane le bokone ka ditekanyo tsa mola tsa equator ka [[22° south]].Molelwane wa bokone wa lefelo le le sireleditsweng on wa okediwa ke Ba-Boritshe go ya kwa bokone go akaretsa Ngamilang, eka nako eo e neng e buswa ke Ba-Tawana ka ngwaga wa 1890, kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele masome a mararo. Kgang eo, ene ya amogelwa semmuso ke lefatshe la Jeremane le le latelang ka karolo ya Boraro ya Tumalano ya Heligoland-Zanzibar, e e neng ya tlhomamisa molelwane wa bophirima wa lefelo la itshireletso la Britain la Bechunalnd le la Jeeremane la Itshireletso la Aforika Borwa-Bophirima gape le go bopa kgaolo ya Caprivi e e setseng e amogetswe ke Namibia ya segompieno. Kwa Borwa- bophirima jwa Aforika, lefelo le le laolwang ke Jeremane le tlhaloswa jana: # kwa borwa go kgaolwa ke mola o simologang kwa molomong wa Noka ya Orange o bo o ya ntlheng ya bokone jwa yone fo fitlha e kopana le mola wa bogare wa boleele wa ditekanyo ts equator wa 20 kwa botlhaba. # kotlase le ene kwa botlhabanng ka mola o o simololang kwa lefelong le le builweng pele o bo o latela bogareng jwa mola wa ntlha ya botlhabanng jwa masome a bobedi go ya kwa o kopanang le mola wa ntlha ya borwa ta bo 22°. Mola o o tswa foo o latela tekanyo e bophara jwa lefatshe goya botlhabeng go fitha o kgatlhana le mola o boleele jwa lefatshe wa degre tse di masome a mabedi le bongwe (21) botlhaba, o bo o o latela mola o wa boleele oya kwa bokone go fitlha o kgatlhana le mola wa bophara jwa lefatshee wa digre tse lesome le boferabobedi(18), mme o tsamae le mola o bophara go ya kwa botlhabeng go fitlha o kgatlhana le Noka ya Chobe.Go tswa fano e welela ko tlase go fitlha e kopana le noka ya Zambezi ko e felang teng . Go tlhaloganysesa gore tumalano e , efa lefatshe la Jeremane tetla ya go tsena ka kgololesego go tswa mo kgaolong ye e sireleditswng (protectorate) go ya kwa Zambezi ka mokgwa wa mola wa lefatshe o o seng kwa tlase ga dikilimetara dile masome a mararo le bobedi (2omiles) ka bophara ntlha nngwe le nngwe. Mafelo a a laolwang ke Great Britain a kgoreleditswe ka fa bophirima le bokone-bophirima ke mola o o builweng pele, mme a akaretsa letsha la Ngami. Badiredi ba puso yaga Mmamosadinyana ba gorogile mo kgaolong ya Ngamiland mo ngwageng wa 1894 Molao wa Tati Concessions Land Act wa Ferikgong a tlhola masome a mabedi le motso ka ngwaga wa 1911 one wa fetisetsa lefelo le lesha la botlhaba kwa tshireletsong. Go tswa fa noka ya Shashe e simolgang teng goya kwa thulanong ya yone le dinoka tsa Tati le Ramokgwebana , go ya ka Noka ya Ramokgwebana go ya kwa e simologang teng, mme go tswa foo go latela mogopo wa metsi wa dinoka tseo. Kgaolo eno e kile yabo ele ya Matebeleland. Ka 1895, ba (British South Africa Company) ba ne ba leka go tsaya kgaolo eno, mme dikgosi tsa Botswana e bong Bathoen 1, Khama lll le Sebele l bane ba ya kwa Lontone go ka ngongorega mme ba atlega go thibela BSAC. Kgaolo eno gompieno ke yone kgaolo ya Bokone-Botlhaba ya Botswana. Go feta moo, lefelo la borwa jwa Bechunaland lene la amiwa thata ke bolwetsejwa leruarua jwa Aforika (bolwane) jwa dingwaga tsa 1890, jo bo neng jwa senya itsholelo ya lefatshe ka nakwana. == Polotiki == == Motswedi == n9eigi0f5z2pio6edi5t9tapy03qo79 52199 52198 2026-07-08T23:02:24Z Botshelo Dire 12943 ke ranotse tsebe e.#wikipidea25bw 52199 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bechuanaland''' e ne e le lefatshe mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] le le neng le le mo tshireletsong le tlhokomelo ya lefatshe la [[:en:United_Kingdom|United Kingdom]] go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1885 kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le malatsi a le masome a mararo le bongwe. Le ne la fetoga go nna [[Botswana|Republic of Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa 1966 kgwedi ya Lwetse e le malatsi a le masome a mararo, dingwaga dile thataro morago ga phathi ya sepolotiki ya Bechunaland Democratic Party e sena go tlhomamisiwa ke Rre Seretse Khama == Ditso == Morongwa wa lotso lwa [[:en:Scottish_people|Scottish]] [[John Mackenzie (missionary)|John Mackenzie]] o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1835 a tlhokafala ka 1899, o a neng a tsena kereke ya [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]] (LMS),<ref>McKenna, Amy (2023). [https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Mackenzie "John Mackenzie British Missionary".] ''Britannica''. Retrieved 28/09/2023</ref> a nna kwa motseng wa [[Shoshong]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1862 go tsena ka wa 1876, o ne a dumela gore [[Bangwato]] le ma [[Aferika|Aforika]] a mangwe ba a neng a bereka le bone ba ne ba tshosediwa ke batho ba ba itsege e le ba lotso lwa Seburu go tswa kwa borwa. O ne a bolotsa letsholo la go simolodisa lefatshe la Bechuanaland mo tlhokomelong ya [[:en:United_Kingdom|Britain.]]<ref>Northcott, Cecil (1972). [https://www.historytoday.com/archive/john-mackenzie-and-southern-africa "John Mackenzie and Southern Africa".] ''History Today''. Retrieved 28-09-2023</ref> Mo lokwalong lwa gagwe lwa ''Austral Africa: losing it or Ruling it'', Mackenzie o ranola ditiragalo tse di bakileng go simolodisiwa ga lefatshe le la tshireletso. Ka thotloetso ya ga Mackenzie, ka ngwaga wa 1885 kgwedi ya Firikgong, palamente ya Britain e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go romela setlhopha sa masole kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] ba ya go gatelela bolaodi jwa Britain mo lefelong leo. [[:en:Charles_Warren|Sir Charles Warren]] o ne a etelela pele sesole sa batho ba le dikete di le nne go tswa kwa [[Cape Town|Cape Town.]] Morago ga go diragatsa ditumalano le magosi a mafatshe a Aforika a le mmalwa, Warren o ne a bolela fa tshireletso ya lefatshe e simologa ka ngwaga wa 1885 kwegi ya Mopitlo.<ref>Former deputy attorney-general Tendekani Malebeswa paints a different picture: "The imposition of a protectorate in 1885 by the British was a purely unilateral act to secure their own interests, and it was not in direct response to any request made by any person in what later became Bechuanaland Protectorate. On the contrary, evidence shows that Chiefs Bathoen I of Bangwaketse and Sechele I of Bakwena were sceptical about the protection, whilst Chief Khama III of Bangwato was most receptive to the idea (Morton and Ramsay). ... Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006)." (from T. E. Malebeswa (2020): ''Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects'')</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse gone mo ngwageng o o, lefatshe la [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] kwa borwa jwa noka ya [[Noka ya Molopo|Molopo]] le ne la tsewa ke puso ya bokolone ya [[:en:British_Bechuanaland|British Bechuanaland]]. Mackenzie o ne a na le Warren , mme lokwalo lwa Austral Africa lo fa tlhaloso ya ditiragalo tse.<ref>Mackenzie, John (1887)[https://web.archive.org/web/20180412145903/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2525/ . ''Austral Africa: Losing It or Ruling It; Being Incidents and Experiences in Bechuanaland, Cape Colony, and England''.] London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. Archived from the [https://www.loc.gov/collections/world-digital-library/about-this-collection/ original] on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2014 &#x2013; via World Digital Library.</ref> Bechuanaland o ne a raya "lefatshe la Batswana" mme le ne la kgaogangwa gabedi. Kwa bokone go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le lefatshe la Bechanaland fa kwa borwa go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le kolone ya British Bechuanaland. British Bechuanaland o ne a tsenngwa mo koloneng ya [[:en:Cape_Colony|Cape Colony]] ka ngwaga wa 1895 mme janong ke bontlha bongwe jwa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff, eds. (1987). ''The Birth of Botswana: A history of the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1910 to 1966''. Gaborone, Botswana: Longman Botswana. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-00584-6|<bdi>978-0-582-00584-6</bdi>.]]</ref> Bokone jwa lefatshe e bong Bechuanaland Protectorate, bo ne bo le botona jwa 225,000 miles le palo ya batho ya dikete di le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le makgolo a supa, masome a supa le borataro. Lefelo leo le ne le nniwa ke merafe e metona ya Batswana e le meraro: [[Bangwato]], [[:en:Koena_tribe|Bakwena]] le [[:en:Bangwaketse|Bangwaketse]], ga mmogo le merafe e mebotlana jaaka [[:en:Balete_people|Balete]] le [[Bakgatla]]. Ba bangwe ba ba neng ba nna foo e ne e le ditlogolwana tsa ba ba simolotseng go nna foo e bong [[Basarwa]] le [[:en:Makalaka|Bakalaka]] ba ba neng ba gapetswe lefatshe ke Batswana ka nako ya fa go fudugelwa kwa borwa.<ref>Peters (1947), p. 1</ref> Puso ya Britain e ne e solofetse go neela lefatshe la [[:en:Company_rule_in_Rhodesia|Rhodesia]] kgotsa Aforika Borwa tsamaiso ya lefatshe, mme baganetsi ba Batswana ba tsaya tshetswo ya go sala mo tlhokomelong ya molao wa Britain go fitlhelela leaftshe le tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966. Bechuanaland Protectorate e ne lefatshe le le sireleditsweng le ikemetse e seng le le ka fa tlase ga puso ya lefatshe le lengwe. Kwa tshimologong baeteledipele ba Batswana ba ne ba neetswe nonofo mme tsamaiso ya lefatshe e neetswe sepodisi go sireletsa melelwane kgatlhanong le mafatshe a mangwe a [[:en:Europe|Europe]] a a neng a ka tsaya lefatshe a le busa. Ka ngwaga wa 1891, Motsheganong a le malatsi a ferabongwe, puso ya Britain e ne ya neela tsamaiso ya lefatshe [[:en:List_of_high_commissioners_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_South_Africa|High Commissioner for South Africa]], o a neng a simolola go tlhopha babusi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>{{harvnb|Morton|Ramsay|1987|page=needed}}</ref> Lefatshe le ne le tsamaisiwa go tswa kwa Mafikeng, seo se ne se tsala seemo se se sa tlwaelegang gore toropokgolo ya lefatshe e nne kwa ntle ga lefatshe leo. Kgaolo ya Mafikeng(gotswa ka 1980 ene e tsentswe mo [[Bophuthatswana]] Mfikeng, ka 2010 ya nna [[Mahikeng|Mahikieng]]) e ne e bidiwa 'The Imperial Reserve'. Ka 1885, ha Bechunalnd a bolelwa jaaka kgaolo e e sireleditsweng, one a tshwaragane le bokone ka ditekanyo tsa mola tsa equator ka [[22° south]].Molelwane wa bokone wa lefelo le le sireleditsweng on wa okediwa ke Ba-Boritshe go ya kwa bokone go akaretsa Ngamilang, eka nako eo e neng e buswa ke Ba-Tawana ka ngwaga wa 1890, kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele masome a mararo. Kgang eo, ene ya amogelwa semmuso ke lefatshe la Jeremane le le latelang ka karolo ya Boraro ya Tumalano ya Heligoland-Zanzibar, e e neng ya tlhomamisa molelwane wa bophirima wa lefelo la itshireletso la Britain la Bechunalnd le la Jeeremane la Itshireletso la Aforika Borwa-Bophirima gape le go bopa kgaolo ya Caprivi e e setseng e amogetswe ke Namibia ya segompieno. Kwa Borwa- bophirima jwa Aforika, lefelo le le laolwang ke Jeremane le tlhaloswa jana: # kwa borwa go kgaolwa ke mola o simologang kwa molomong wa Noka ya Orange o bo o ya ntlheng ya bokone jwa yone fo fitlha e kopana le mola wa bogare wa boleele wa ditekanyo ts equator wa 20 kwa botlhaba. # kotlase le ene kwa botlhabanng ka mola o o simololang kwa lefelong le le builweng pele o bo o latela bogareng jwa mola wa ntlha ya botlhabanng jwa masome a bobedi go ya kwa o kopanang le mola wa ntlha ya borwa ta bo 22°. Mola o o tswa foo o latela tekanyo e bophara jwa lefatshe goya botlhabeng go fitha o kgatlhana le mola o boleele jwa lefatshe wa degre tse di masome a mabedi le bongwe (21) botlhaba, o bo o o latela mola o wa boleele oya kwa bokone go fitlha o kgatlhana le mola wa bophara jwa lefatshee wa digre tse lesome le boferabobedi(18), mme o tsamae le mola o bophara go ya kwa botlhabeng go fitlha o kgatlhana le Noka ya Chobe.Go tswa fano e welela ko tlase go fitlha e kopana le noka ya Zambezi ko e felang teng . Go tlhaloganysesa gore tumalano e , efa lefatshe la Jeremane tetla ya go tsena ka kgololesego go tswa mo kgaolong ye e sireleditswng (protectorate) go ya kwa Zambezi ka mokgwa wa mola wa lefatshe o o seng kwa tlase ga dikilimetara dile masome a mararo le bobedi (2omiles) ka bophara ntlha nngwe le nngwe. Mafelo a a laolwang ke Great Britain a kgoreleditswe ka fa bophirima le bokone-bophirima ke mola o o builweng pele, mme a akaretsa letsha la Ngami. Badiredi ba puso yaga Mmamosadinyana ba gorogile mo kgaolong ya Ngamiland mo ngwageng wa 1894 Molao wa Tati Concessions Land Act wa Ferikgong a tlhola masome a mabedi le motso ka ngwaga wa 1911 one wa fetisetsa lefelo le lesha la botlhaba kwa tshireletsong. Go tswa fa noka ya Shashe e simolgang teng goya kwa thulanong ya yone le dinoka tsa Tati le Ramokgwebana , go ya ka Noka ya Ramokgwebana go ya kwa e simologang teng, mme go tswa foo go latela mogopo wa metsi wa dinoka tseo. Kgaolo eno e kile yabo ele ya Matebeleland. Ka 1895, ba (British South Africa Company) ba ne ba leka go tsaya kgaolo eno, mme dikgosi tsa Botswana e bong Bathoen 1, Khama lll le Sebele l bane ba ya kwa Lontone go ka ngongorega mme ba atlega go thibela BSAC. Kgaolo eno gompieno ke yone kgaolo ya Bokone-Botlhaba ya Botswana. Go feta moo, lefelo la borwa jwa Bechunaland lene la amiwa thata ke bolwetsejwa leruarua jwa Aforika (bolwane) jwa dingwaga tsa 1890, jo bo neng jwa senya itsholelo ya lefatshe ka nakwana. == Polotiki == Go tlhankolwa ga lfelo la tshireletso == Motswedi == q65y0iov5iyvuqvtzyepsb5gjkfk8em 52216 52199 2026-07-09T10:13:47Z Lucrucia98 12161 52216 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bechuanaland''' e ne e le lefatshe mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] le le neng le le mo tshireletsong le tlhokomelo ya lefatshe la [[:en:United_Kingdom|United Kingdom]] go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robobobedi le masome a robaboedi le botlhao (1885) kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le malatsi a le masome a mararo le bongwe. Le ne la fetoga go nna [[Botswana|Republic of Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabogwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966) kgwedi ya Lwetse e le malatsi a le masome a mararo, dingwaga dile thataro morago ga phathi ya sepolotiki ya Bechunaland Democratic Party e sena go tlhomamisiwa ke Rre Seretse Khama == Ditso == Morongwa wa lotso lwa [[:en:Scottish_people|Scottish]] [[John Mackenzie (missionary)|John Mackenzie]] o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mararo le botlhano (1835) a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1899), o a neng a tsena kereke ya [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]] (LMS),<ref>McKenna, Amy (2023). [https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Mackenzie "John Mackenzie British Missionary".] ''Britannica''. Retrieved 28/09/2023</ref> a nna kwa motseng wa [[Shoshong]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro le bobedi (1862) go tsena ka wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le borataro (1876), o ne a dumela gore [[Bangwato]] le ma [[Aferika|Aforika]] a mangwe ba a neng a bereka le bone ba ne ba tshosediwa ke batho ba ba itsege e le ba lotso lwa Seburu go tswa kwa borwa. O ne a bolotsa letsholo la go simolodisa lefatshe la Bechuanaland mo tlhokomelong ya [[:en:United_Kingdom|Britain.]]<ref>Northcott, Cecil (1972). [https://www.historytoday.com/archive/john-mackenzie-and-southern-africa "John Mackenzie and Southern Africa".] ''History Today''. Retrieved 28-09-2023</ref> Mo lokwalong lwa gagwe lwa ''Austral Africa: losing it or Ruling it'', Mackenzie o ranola ditiragalo tse di bakileng go simolodisiwa ga lefatshe le la tshireletso. Ka thotloetso ya ga Mackenzie, ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885) kgwedi ya Ferikgong, palamente ya Britain e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go romela setlhopha sa masole kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] ba ya go gatelela bolaodi jwa Britain mo lefelong leo. [[:en:Charles_Warren|Sir Charles Warren]] o ne a etelela pele sesole sa batho ba le dikete di le nne go tswa kwa [[Cape Town|Cape Town.]] Morago ga go diragatsa ditumalano le magosi a mafatshe a Aforika a le mmalwa, Warren o ne a bolela fa tshireletso ya lefatshe e simologa ka ngwaga wa 1885 kwegi ya Mopitlo.<ref>Former deputy attorney-general Tendekani Malebeswa paints a different picture: "The imposition of a protectorate in 1885 by the British was a purely unilateral act to secure their own interests, and it was not in direct response to any request made by any person in what later became Bechuanaland Protectorate. On the contrary, evidence shows that Chiefs Bathoen I of Bangwaketse and Sechele I of Bakwena were sceptical about the protection, whilst Chief Khama III of Bangwato was most receptive to the idea (Morton and Ramsay). ... Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006)." (from T. E. Malebeswa (2020): ''Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects'')</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse gone mo ngwageng o o, lefatshe la [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] kwa borwa jwa noka ya [[Noka ya Molopo|Molopo]] le ne la tsewa ke puso ya bokolone ya [[:en:British_Bechuanaland|British Bechuanaland]]. Mackenzie o ne a na le Warren , mme lokwalo lwa Austral Africa lo fa tlhaloso ya ditiragalo tse.<ref>Mackenzie, John (1887)[https://web.archive.org/web/20180412145903/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2525/ . ''Austral Africa: Losing It or Ruling It; Being Incidents and Experiences in Bechuanaland, Cape Colony, and England''.] London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. Archived from the [https://www.loc.gov/collections/world-digital-library/about-this-collection/ original] on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2014 &#x2013; via World Digital Library.</ref> Bechuanaland o ne a raya "lefatshe la Batswana" mme le ne la kgaogangwa gabedi. Kwa bokone go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le lefatshe la Bechanaland fa kwa borwa go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le kolone ya British Bechuanaland. British Bechuanaland o ne a tsenngwa mo koloneng ya [[:en:Cape_Colony|Cape Colony]] ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1895) mme janong ke bontlha bongwe jwa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff, eds. (1987). ''The Birth of Botswana: A history of the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1910 to 1966''. Gaborone, Botswana: Longman Botswana. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-00584-6|<bdi>978-0-582-00584-6</bdi>.]]</ref> Bokone jwa lefatshe e bong Bechuanaland Protectorate, bo ne bo le botona jwa 225,000 miles le palo ya batho ya dikete di le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le makgolo a supa, masome a supa le borataro. Lefelo leo le ne le nniwa ke merafe e metona ya Batswana e le meraro: [[Bangwato]], [[:en:Koena_tribe|Bakwena]] le [[:en:Bangwaketse|Bangwaketse]], ga mmogo le merafe e mebotlana jaaka [[:en:Balete_people|Balete]] le [[Bakgatla]]. Ba bangwe ba ba neng ba nna foo e ne e le ditlogolwana tsa ba ba simolotseng go nna foo e bong [[Basarwa]] le [[:en:Makalaka|Bakalaka]] ba ba neng ba gapetswe lefatshe ke Batswana ka nako ya fa go fudugelwa kwa borwa.<ref>Peters (1947), p. 1</ref> Puso ya Britain e ne e solofetse go neela lefatshe la [[:en:Company_rule_in_Rhodesia|Rhodesia]] kgotsa Aforika Borwa tsamaiso ya lefatshe, mme baganetsi ba Batswana ba tsaya tshetswo ya go sala mo tlhokomelong ya molao wa Britain go fitlhelela leaftshe le tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966). Bechuanaland Protectorate e ne lefatshe le le sireleditsweng le ikemetse e seng le le ka fa tlase ga puso ya lefatshe le lengwe. Kwa tshimologong baeteledipele ba Batswana ba ne ba neetswe nonofo mme tsamaiso ya lefatshe e neetswe sepodisi go sireletsa melelwane kgatlhanong le mafatshe a mangwe a [[:en:Europe|Europe]] a a neng a ka tsaya lefatshe a le busa. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1891), ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong a le malatsi a ferabongwe, puso ya Britain e ne ya neela tsamaiso ya lefatshe [[:en:List_of_high_commissioners_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_South_Africa|High Commissioner for South Africa]], o a neng a simolola go tlhopha babusi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>{{harvnb|Morton|Ramsay|1987|page=needed}}</ref> Lefatshe le ne le tsamaisiwa go tswa kwa Mafikeng, seo se ne se tsala seemo se se sa tlwaelegang gore toropokgolo ya lefatshe e nne kwa ntle ga lefatshe leo. Kgaolo ya Mafikeng(gotswa ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980) ene e tsentswe mo [[Bophuthatswana]] Mfikeng, ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010) ya nna [[Mahikeng|Mahikieng]]) e ne e bidiwa 'The Imperial Reserve'. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885), ha Bechunalnd a bolelwa jaaka kgaolo e e sireleditsweng, one a tshwaragane le bokone ka ditekanyo tsa mola tsa equator ka [[22° south]].Molelwane wa bokone wa lefelo le le sireleditsweng on wa okediwa ke Ba-Boritshe go ya kwa bokone go akaretsa Ngamilang, eka nako eo e neng e buswa ke Ba-Tawana ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890), kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele masome a mararo. Kgang eo, ene ya amogelwa semmuso ke lefatshe la Jeremane le le latelang ka karolo ya Boraro ya Tumalano ya Heligoland-Zanzibar, e e neng ya tlhomamisa molelwane wa bophirima wa lefelo la itshireletso la Britain la Bechunalnd le la Jeeremane la Itshireletso la Aforika Borwa-Bophirima gape le go bopa kgaolo ya Caprivi e e setseng e amogetswe ke Namibia ya segompieno. Kwa Borwa- bophirima jwa Aforika, lefelo le le laolwang ke Jeremane le tlhaloswa jana: # kwa borwa go kgaolwa ke mola o simologang kwa molomong wa Noka ya Orange o bo o ya ntlheng ya bokone jwa yone fo fitlha e kopana le mola wa bogare wa boleele wa ditekanyo ts equator wa masome a mabedi kwa botlhaba. # kotlase le ene kwa botlhabanng ka mola o o simololang kwa lefelong le le builweng pele o bo o latela bogareng jwa mola wa ntlha ya botlhabanng jwa masome a bobedi go ya kwa o kopanang le mola wa ntlha ya borwa ta bo 22°. Mola o o tswa foo o latela tekanyo e bophara jwa lefatshe goya botlhabeng go fitha o kgatlhana le mola o boleele jwa lefatshe wa degre tse di masome a mabedi le bongwe (21) botlhaba, o bo o o latela mola o wa boleele oya kwa bokone go fitlha o kgatlhana le mola wa bophara jwa lefatshee wa digre tse lesome le boferabobedi(18), mme o tsamae le mola o bophara go ya kwa botlhabeng go fitlha o kgatlhana le Noka ya Chobe.Go tswa fano e welela ko tlase go fitlha e kopana le noka ya Zambezi ko e felang teng . Go tlhaloganysesa gore tumalano e , efa lefatshe la Jeremane tetla ya go tsena ka kgololesego go tswa mo kgaolong ye e sireleditswng (protectorate) go ya kwa Zambezi ka mokgwa wa mola wa lefatshe o o seng kwa tlase ga dikilimetara dile masome a mararo le bobedi (2omiles) ka bophara ntlha nngwe le nngwe. Mafelo a a laolwang ke Great Britain a kgoreleditswe ka fa bophirima le bokone-bophirima ke mola o o builweng pele, mme a akaretsa letsha la Ngami. Badiredi ba puso yaga Mmamosadinyana ba gorogile mo kgaolong ya Ngamiland mo ngwageng wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bone (1894) Molao wa Tati Concessions Land Act wa Ferikgong a tlhola masome a mabedi le motso ka ngwaga wa sekete, makolo a robabongwe le lesome le motso (1911) one wa fetisetsa lefelo le lesha la botlhaba kwa tshireletsong. Go tswa fa noka ya Shashe e simolgang teng goya kwa thulanong ya yone le dinoka tsa Tati le Ramokgwebana , go ya ka Noka ya Ramokgwebana go ya kwa e simologang teng, mme go tswa foo go latela mogopo wa metsi wa dinoka tseo. Kgaolo eno e kile yabo ele ya Matebeleland. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1895), ba (British South Africa Company) ba ne ba leka go tsaya kgaolo eno, mme dikgosi tsa Botswana e bong Bathoen 1, Khama lll le Sebele l bane ba ya kwa Lontone go ka ngongorega mme ba atlega go thibela BSAC. Kgaolo eno gompieno ke yone kgaolo ya Bokone-Botlhaba ya Botswana. Go feta moo, lefelo la borwa jwa Bechunaland lene la amiwa thata ke bolwetsejwa leruarua jwa Aforika (bolwane) jwa dingwaga tsa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890), jo bo neng jwa senya itsholelo ya lefatshe ka nakwana. == Polotiki == Go tlhankolwa ga lfelo la tshireletso == Motswedi == 9gwrvcooovn85ko7bh7rtblw54qz7f8 52219 52216 2026-07-09T10:57:12Z Botshelo Dire 12943 ke ranotse tsebe e.#wikipidea25bw 52219 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bechuanaland''' e ne e le lefatshe mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] le le neng le le mo tshireletsong le tlhokomelo ya lefatshe la [[:en:United_Kingdom|United Kingdom]] go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robobobedi le masome a robaboedi le botlhao (1885) kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le malatsi a le masome a mararo le bongwe. Le ne la fetoga go nna [[Botswana|Republic of Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabogwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966) kgwedi ya Lwetse e le malatsi a le masome a mararo, dingwaga dile thataro morago ga phathi ya sepolotiki ya Bechunaland Democratic Party e sena go tlhomamisiwa ke Rre Seretse Khama == Ditso == Morongwa wa lotso lwa [[:en:Scottish_people|Scottish]] [[John Mackenzie (missionary)|John Mackenzie]] o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mararo le botlhano (1835) a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1899), o a neng a tsena kereke ya [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]] (LMS),<ref>McKenna, Amy (2023). [https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Mackenzie "John Mackenzie British Missionary".] ''Britannica''. Retrieved 28/09/2023</ref> a nna kwa motseng wa [[Shoshong]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro le bobedi (1862) go tsena ka wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le borataro (1876), o ne a dumela gore [[Bangwato]] le ma [[Aferika|Aforika]] a mangwe ba a neng a bereka le bone ba ne ba tshosediwa ke batho ba ba itsege e le ba lotso lwa Seburu go tswa kwa borwa. O ne a bolotsa letsholo la go simolodisa lefatshe la Bechuanaland mo tlhokomelong ya [[:en:United_Kingdom|Britain.]]<ref>Northcott, Cecil (1972). [https://www.historytoday.com/archive/john-mackenzie-and-southern-africa "John Mackenzie and Southern Africa".] ''History Today''. Retrieved 28-09-2023</ref> Mo lokwalong lwa gagwe lwa ''Austral Africa: losing it or Ruling it'', Mackenzie o ranola ditiragalo tse di bakileng go simolodisiwa ga lefatshe le la tshireletso. Ka thotloetso ya ga Mackenzie, ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885) kgwedi ya Ferikgong, palamente ya Britain e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go romela setlhopha sa masole kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] ba ya go gatelela bolaodi jwa Britain mo lefelong leo. [[:en:Charles_Warren|Sir Charles Warren]] o ne a etelela pele sesole sa batho ba le dikete di le nne go tswa kwa [[Cape Town|Cape Town.]] Morago ga go diragatsa ditumalano le magosi a mafatshe a Aforika a le mmalwa, Warren o ne a bolela fa tshireletso ya lefatshe e simologa ka ngwaga wa 1885 kwegi ya Mopitlo.<ref>Former deputy attorney-general Tendekani Malebeswa paints a different picture: "The imposition of a protectorate in 1885 by the British was a purely unilateral act to secure their own interests, and it was not in direct response to any request made by any person in what later became Bechuanaland Protectorate. On the contrary, evidence shows that Chiefs Bathoen I of Bangwaketse and Sechele I of Bakwena were sceptical about the protection, whilst Chief Khama III of Bangwato was most receptive to the idea (Morton and Ramsay). ... Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006)." (from T. E. Malebeswa (2020): ''Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects'')</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse gone mo ngwageng o o, lefatshe la [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] kwa borwa jwa noka ya [[Noka ya Molopo|Molopo]] le ne la tsewa ke puso ya bokolone ya [[:en:British_Bechuanaland|British Bechuanaland]]. Mackenzie o ne a na le Warren , mme lokwalo lwa Austral Africa lo fa tlhaloso ya ditiragalo tse.<ref>Mackenzie, John (1887)[https://web.archive.org/web/20180412145903/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2525/ . ''Austral Africa: Losing It or Ruling It; Being Incidents and Experiences in Bechuanaland, Cape Colony, and England''.] London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. Archived from the [https://www.loc.gov/collections/world-digital-library/about-this-collection/ original] on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2014 &#x2013; via World Digital Library.</ref> Bechuanaland o ne a raya "lefatshe la Batswana" mme le ne la kgaogangwa gabedi. Kwa bokone go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le lefatshe la Bechanaland fa kwa borwa go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le kolone ya British Bechuanaland. British Bechuanaland o ne a tsenngwa mo koloneng ya [[:en:Cape_Colony|Cape Colony]] ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1895) mme janong ke bontlha bongwe jwa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff, eds. (1987). ''The Birth of Botswana: A history of the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1910 to 1966''. Gaborone, Botswana: Longman Botswana. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-00584-6|<bdi>978-0-582-00584-6</bdi>.]]</ref> Bokone jwa lefatshe e bong Bechuanaland Protectorate, bo ne bo le botona jwa 225,000 miles le palo ya batho ya dikete di le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le makgolo a supa, masome a supa le borataro. Lefelo leo le ne le nniwa ke merafe e metona ya Batswana e le meraro: [[Bangwato]], [[:en:Koena_tribe|Bakwena]] le [[:en:Bangwaketse|Bangwaketse]], ga mmogo le merafe e mebotlana jaaka [[:en:Balete_people|Balete]] le [[Bakgatla]]. Ba bangwe ba ba neng ba nna foo e ne e le ditlogolwana tsa ba ba simolotseng go nna foo e bong [[Basarwa]] le [[:en:Makalaka|Bakalaka]] ba ba neng ba gapetswe lefatshe ke Batswana ka nako ya fa go fudugelwa kwa borwa.<ref>Peters (1947), p. 1</ref> Puso ya Britain e ne e solofetse go neela lefatshe la [[:en:Company_rule_in_Rhodesia|Rhodesia]] kgotsa Aforika Borwa tsamaiso ya lefatshe, mme baganetsi ba Batswana ba tsaya tshetswo ya go sala mo tlhokomelong ya molao wa Britain go fitlhelela leaftshe le tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966). Bechuanaland Protectorate e ne lefatshe le le sireleditsweng le ikemetse e seng le le ka fa tlase ga puso ya lefatshe le lengwe. Kwa tshimologong baeteledipele ba Batswana ba ne ba neetswe nonofo mme tsamaiso ya lefatshe e neetswe sepodisi go sireletsa melelwane kgatlhanong le mafatshe a mangwe a [[:en:Europe|Europe]] a a neng a ka tsaya lefatshe a le busa. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1891), ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong a le malatsi a ferabongwe, puso ya Britain e ne ya neela tsamaiso ya lefatshe [[:en:List_of_high_commissioners_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_South_Africa|High Commissioner for South Africa]], o a neng a simolola go tlhopha babusi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>{{harvnb|Morton|Ramsay|1987|page=needed}}</ref> Lefatshe le ne le tsamaisiwa go tswa kwa Mafikeng, seo se ne se tsala seemo se se sa tlwaelegang gore toropokgolo ya lefatshe e nne kwa ntle ga lefatshe leo. Kgaolo ya Mafikeng(gotswa ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980) ene e tsentswe mo [[Bophuthatswana]] Mfikeng, ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010) ya nna [[Mahikeng|Mahikieng]]) e ne e bidiwa 'The Imperial Reserve'. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885), ha Bechunalnd a bolelwa jaaka kgaolo e e sireleditsweng, one a tshwaragane le bokone ka ditekanyo tsa mola tsa equator ka [[22° south]].Molelwane wa bokone wa lefelo le le sireleditsweng on wa okediwa ke Ba-Boritshe go ya kwa bokone go akaretsa Ngamilang, eka nako eo e neng e buswa ke Ba-Tawana ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890), kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele masome a mararo. Kgang eo, ene ya amogelwa semmuso ke lefatshe la Jeremane le le latelang ka karolo ya Boraro ya Tumalano ya Heligoland-Zanzibar, e e neng ya tlhomamisa molelwane wa bophirima wa lefelo la itshireletso la Britain la Bechunalnd le la Jeeremane la Itshireletso la Aforika Borwa-Bophirima gape le go bopa kgaolo ya Caprivi e e setseng e amogetswe ke Namibia ya segompieno. Kwa Borwa- bophirima jwa Aforika, lefelo le le laolwang ke Jeremane le tlhaloswa jana: # kwa borwa go kgaolwa ke mola o simologang kwa molomong wa Noka ya Orange o bo o ya ntlheng ya bokone jwa yone fo fitlha e kopana le mola wa bogare wa boleele wa ditekanyo ts equator wa masome a mabedi kwa botlhaba. # kotlase le ene kwa botlhabanng ka mola o o simololang kwa lefelong le le builweng pele o bo o latela bogareng jwa mola wa ntlha ya botlhabanng jwa masome a bobedi go ya kwa o kopanang le mola wa ntlha ya borwa ta bo 22°. Mola o o tswa foo o latela tekanyo e bophara jwa lefatshe goya botlhabeng go fitha o kgatlhana le mola o boleele jwa lefatshe wa degre tse di masome a mabedi le bongwe (21) botlhaba, o bo o o latela mola o wa boleele oya kwa bokone go fitlha o kgatlhana le mola wa bophara jwa lefatshee wa digre tse lesome le boferabobedi(18), mme o tsamae le mola o bophara go ya kwa botlhabeng go fitlha o kgatlhana le Noka ya Chobe.Go tswa fano e welela ko tlase go fitlha e kopana le noka ya Zambezi ko e felang teng . Go tlhaloganysesa gore tumalano e , efa lefatshe la Jeremane tetla ya go tsena ka kgololesego go tswa mo kgaolong ye e sireleditswng (protectorate) go ya kwa Zambezi ka mokgwa wa mola wa lefatshe o o seng kwa tlase ga dikilimetara dile masome a mararo le bobedi (2omiles) ka bophara ntlha nngwe le nngwe. Mafelo a a laolwang ke Great Britain a kgoreleditswe ka fa bophirima le bokone-bophirima ke mola o o builweng pele, mme a akaretsa letsha la Ngami. Badiredi ba puso yaga Mmamosadinyana ba gorogile mo kgaolong ya Ngamiland mo ngwageng wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bone (1894) Molao wa Tati Concessions Land Act wa Ferikgong a tlhola masome a mabedi le motso ka ngwaga wa sekete, makolo a robabongwe le lesome le motso (1911) one wa fetisetsa lefelo le lesha la botlhaba kwa tshireletsong. Go tswa fa noka ya Shashe e simolgang teng goya kwa thulanong ya yone le dinoka tsa Tati le Ramokgwebana , go ya ka Noka ya Ramokgwebana go ya kwa e simologang teng, mme go tswa foo go latela mogopo wa metsi wa dinoka tseo. Kgaolo eno e kile yabo ele ya Matebeleland. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1895), ba (British South Africa Company) ba ne ba leka go tsaya kgaolo eno, mme dikgosi tsa Botswana e bong Bathoen 1, Khama lll le Sebele l bane ba ya kwa Lontone go ka ngongorega mme ba atlega go thibela BSAC. Kgaolo eno gompieno ke yone kgaolo ya Bokone-Botlhaba ya Botswana. Go feta moo, lefelo la borwa jwa Bechunaland lene la amiwa thata ke bolwetsejwa leruarua jwa Aforika (bolwane) jwa dingwaga tsa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890), jo bo neng jwa senya itsholelo ya lefatshe ka nakwana. == Polotiki == Kitsiso ya tshireletso e e neng e bolelwa ke kgaolo ye ntsha ya puso yaga Mmamosadinyana Bechunaland Protectoraye ( eleng Botswana) kwa borwa, di ne di diretswe segolo bogolo go thibela mafatshe a Jeremane, Portugal , le Maburu go atolosa madbelo a bone. Motswedi 5jfu60belart1qymjb8vtykiydkjgbe 0 10653 52194 40630 2026-07-08T21:20:14Z Jefunky 12955 52194 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Plate celebrating the abolition of slavery in the British Empire, 19th century-.jpg|thumb|"Go Ditsala tsa Kgololesego ya Bantsho", setshwantsho se se gabilweng se se ketekang go fedisiwa ga bokgoba mo Pusong ya Borithane ka 1833]] '''Go gololwa ga West Indies wa Borithane''' go kaya go fedisiwa ga bokgoba mo dikoloning tsa Borithane kwa West Indies ka dingwaga tsa bo 1830. Puso ya Borithane e ne ya fetisa [[Molao wa go Fedisa Bokgoba wa 1833]], o o neng wa golola batho botlhe ba ba neng ba le makgoba kwa British West Indies. Morago ga kgololosego, go ne ga tlhongwa thulaganyo ya go ithuta tiro, fa Maaforika a a golotsweng a neng a tlhokwa ke dikopano tse di farologaneng tsa bokolone go tswelela go direla beng ba bona ba pele mo pakeng ya dingwaga di le nne go ya go di le thataro go ananya ka dijo. Tsamaiso ya go ithuta tiro e ne ya fedisiwa ke dikopano tse di farologaneng tsa bokolone ka 1838, morago ga kgatelelo go tswa mo setshabeng sa Borithane, go wetsa thulaganyo ya kgololosego. Tse e ne e le dikgato tse di tserweng ke balemi ba Borithane ba India Bophirima go rarabolola tlhaelo ya tlamelo ya badiri ba ba neng ba dirisiwa botlhaswa e e neng ya tlholwa ke kgololo ya Maaforika a a dirilweng makgoba ka 1838. == Mokgatlho o o kgatlhanong le bokgoba le melao ya kgololosego == Mabaka a bodumedi, a itsholelo le a loago a ne a dira gore Borithane e fedise bokgoba mo mmusomogolong otlhe wa bone. Go ralala dikoloni tsotlhe tsa Yuropa kwa Caribbean, batho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba dira ditsogologo, go emisa tiro le mefuta e mengwe ya letsatsi le letsatsi ya go gana e e neng ya gogela balaodi ba bokolone, ba ba neng ba tlhoafaletse go tlhola kagiso le go boloka go itshetlela ga itsholelo mo dikoloning, go akanyetsa go dira molao wa go fedisa.<ref>Claudius K. Fergus, ''Revolutionary Emancipation: Slavery and Abolitionism in the British West Indies'' (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2013), 170.</ref> [[Phetogo ya Haiti]] kwa koloning ya Fora ya Saint-Domingue, e leng tsogologo e e neng ya atlega thata jwa makgoba kwa Amerika, e ne ya dira gore Borithane e nne le maikutlo a a tseneletseng ka diphelelo tse di ka nnang teng tsa botsuolodi. Mo godimo ga ditsogologo tsa makgoba, dikolo tsa kakanyo le boefangele tsa Sedimo di ne tsa dira gore maloko a setshaba sa Borithane sa belaele boitsholo jwa bokgoba le kgwebo ya makgoba mme mo lekgolong la bolesome le boferabobedi le la bolesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga go ne ga nna le go tlhatloga ga dikhuduego tsa go fedisa bokgoba. Batho ba bodumedi ba ne ba nna le seabe se segolo mo ntweng ya bodumedi kgatlhanong le bokgoba. Mekgatlho e le kgatlhanong le bokgoba jaaka Mokgatlho wa Borithane le Mafatshe a Sele o o Kgatlhanong le Bokgoba (BFASS) e ne ya anamisa dipampitshana ka ga bosetlhogo le go tlhoka setho ga bokgoba, mme go ne ga romelwa digangisano tse di nang le ditshaeno di le dikete di le makgolokgolo kwa Palamenteng ya Borithane, tse bontsi jwa tsone di neng di tswa kwa mekgatlhong ya basadi.<ref>Richard Huzzey, ''Freedom Burning : Anti-Slavery and Empire in Victorian Britain'' (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2012), 7.</ref><ref>[[:en:Marika_Sherwood|Marika Sherwood]], ''After Abolition: Britain and the Slave Trade Since 1807'' (London: I.B. Tauris, 2007), 147.</ref> Ka kakaretso, banna le basadi bao ba ne ba tsenya bokgoba mo dipolotiking mme ba gatelela puso ya Borithane gore e bo fedise. Ditiragalo tsa bokapitale le tsone di ne tsa dira gore batho ba gololesege. Bakanoki bangwe, go akaretsa le raditso wa Trinidad Eric Williams, ba ile ba bolela gore fa bokapitale bo ne bo tlhaga, bokgoba bo ne bo sa tlhole bo na le dipoelo, mme ka jalo go ne ga oketsega tshegetso ya go fedisiwa ga bokgoba go simolola kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la bolesome le boferabobedi la dingwaga.<ref>Williams, Eric (1944). ''Capitalism & Slavery''. London: Deutsch.</ref> Batho ba Borithane ba ba neng ba batla go fedisa kgwebo ya makgoba ba ne ba bona katlego e e seng kana ka sepe mo maitekong a bone fa puso e ne e fetisa [[Molao wa Kgwebisano ya Makgoba wa 1807]], o o neng o fedisa kgwebo ya makgoba. Fa molao ono o sena go fetisiwa, batlhabolodi ba ba ne ba tswelela ba gatelela gore bokgoba ka bojone bo fedisiwe. Puso ya Borithane e ne ya fedisa bokgoba semmuso mo dikoloning tsa yone ka go fetisa [[Molao wa go Fedisa Bokgoba wa 1833]]. Molao o o ne wa simolola go dira ka Phatwe 1834 o ka one batho botlhe ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba mo Mmusong wa Borithane ba neng ba tsewa ba gololesegile go ya ka molao wa Borithane. Morago ga dingangisano tse ditelele le tse di bogale kwa Borithane, puso e ne ya dumela go duela balemi ba India Bophirima ka ntlha ya go tlogela go nna makgoba go ya kwa tirong e e gololesegileng, ya aba £20 wa didikadike go dira tiro eo.<ref>Steven Hahn, "Class and State in Postemancipation Societies: Southern Planters in Comparative Perspective", ''The American Historical Review'' 95, no. 1 (1990): 84.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, batho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba sa duelwe. Tota e bile, Molao wa Phediso o ne wa fetola makgoba go nna "baithuti ba tiro", ntle le mo dikgetseng tsa Antigua le Bermuda kwa dipuso tsa bokolone di neng tsa gana go ruta tiro mme tsa golola batho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ka botlalo ka 1834.<ref>James Latimer, "The Apprenticeship System in the British West Indies." ''The Journal of Negro Education'' 33, no. 1 (1964): 52.</ref> == Boswa == Mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bolesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga, dingwaga fela morago ga kgololesego, itsholelo ya Caribbean e ne ya simolola go palelwa ka ntlha ya go wela tlase ga ditlhwatlhwa tsa sukiri mme balemi ba ba jalang mo dikgaolong jaaka Jamaica ba ne ba bona masimo a bone a tswalwa. Kwa Jamaica, ka 1865 go tlhagisiwa ga sukiri go ne go le halofo ya se e neng e le sone ka 1834. Diphetogo tseo tsa mebaraka di ne tsa dira gore batho ba le bantsi ba tlhoke tiro, makgetho a a kwa godimo le dituelo tse di kwa tlase le go oketsa lehuma. Maemo a botshelo mo ditlhaketlhakeng a ne a palelwa ke go tokafala thata mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di latelang.<ref>Sheller, "Acting as Free Men" (2005), 84.</ref> == Metswedi == he8s9bbmnq35pan7hsd43hslnxmoghy 0 10964 52183 52089 2026-07-08T19:26:18Z Botshelo Dire 12943 ke ranotse tsebe e. #wikipideasetswana25 52183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Bessie Head|birth_name=Bessie Amelia Emery Head|birth_date={{Birth date|df=y|1937|7|6}}|birth_place=[[Pietermaritzburg]], [[Natal (province)|Natal]], {{awrap|Union of South Africa}}|death_date={{Death date and age|df=y|1986|4|17|1937|7|6}}<ref name="Britannica: Bessie Emery Head, South African novelist" />|death_place=[[Serowe]], Botswana|occupation=Mokwadi|citizenship={{ubl|South Africa (until 1964)|Botswana (from 1979)}}|notable works={{ubl|''[[When Rain Clouds Gather]]'' (1968)|''[[Maru (novel)|Maru]]'' (1971)|''[[A Question of Power]]'' (1973)}}}} '''Bessie Amelia Emery Head''' (Phukwi a le garataro 1937 – Moranang a le lesome le bosupa 1986) e ne ele mokwadi wa letso la [[Aforika Borwa]]. E re ntswa a ne a tholega ko [[Aforika Borwa|Africa Borwa]] o ne a tsewa ele mokwadi wa tlhwatlhwa wa [[Botswana]]. O kwadile dibuka tsa go roba sogo, le tse dikhutshwane ga mmogo le tsa botshelo jwa gagwe tse di tletseng semoya le go tlhatlhanya.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bessie-Emery-Head</ref> Dibuka tsa gagwe tse di itsegeng di akaretsa ''[[When Rain Clouds Gather]]'' (1968), ''[[Maru]]'' (1971) le ''[[A Question of Power]]'' (1973). == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Bessie Amelia Emery o tsholetswe kwa [[Pietermaritzburg]], [[Union of South Africa]], ke ngwana wa mosadi wa mosweu le monna wa motho montsho ka nako eo dikamano tsa semorafe di neng di sa letlelelwe mo Aforka Borwa.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Head#cite_note-womenwriting-2</ref> Mmaagwe Bessie, Fiona Emery, go tswa mo lwapeng le le humileng la Aforika Borwa,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Head#cite_note-3</ref> o ne a nna dingwaga di le mmalwa kwa bookelong jwa malwetse a tlhaloganyo morago ga loso lwa ngwana wa gagwe wa ntlha, mosimane yo o neng a bidiwa Gerald Emery, yo o neng a tlhokafala morago ga dibeke di le robabobedi a tshotswe.O ne a le kwa kokelong e kgolo ya malwetse a tlhaloganyo kwa Pietemaritzburg fa a ne a tshola Bessie. Le fa a ne a sa letlelelwa go tshola ngwana,<ref name=":0" /> o ne a naya morwadie leina la gagwe. Rraagwe ga a itsewe. Lesea Bessie le ne la bewa la ntlha le batsadi ba basweu ba ba mo godisitseng ka kakanyo ya gore ke mosweu. Dibeke di le mmalwa moragonyana, batsadi bano ba ne ba lemoga gore o na le mmala mme ba mmusetsa kwa balaoding. Morago ga moo o ne a bewa le lelapa la merafe e e tlhakaneng kgotsa ya [["mmala"]], ba ga Heathcote, mo lefelong le le humanegileng le eseng la basweu kwa Pietermaritzburg. Fano, o ne a gola le mme yo o neng a mo godisa mo go gagametseng, e bong Nelly Heathcote, mme one a tsena Kereke ya Roma ya lefelo leo le sekolo sese sebotlana. Ga a ise a ko a lemoge sentle gore e ne e se Mo-Heathcote. O ne a itumelela bongwana jo bo batlang jo bo tlwaelesegile jwa nako ya gagwe le lefelo la gagwe, kwa ntle ga gore mmaagwe yo o mo godisitseng o ne a sa utlwane le go rata dibuka ga gagwe.<ref name=":1">Gillian Eilersen (1995). ''Bessie Head: Thunder Behind Her Ears: her life and writing''. Wits University Press. p. 9–18. ISBN 978-0-435-08984-9. OCLC 802874023. Wikidata Q112683813.</ref> Fa Bessie a le dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi, fa a sena go fetsa dingwaga di le nne tsa thuto ya sekolo se sebotlana, balaodi ba ne ba mo fudusetsa kwa [[Legaeng la Basetsana ba Mmala la St. Monica]], sekolo sa Anglican se se nang le matlo a borobalo kwa [[Durban]]. Kwa tshimologong, Bessie o ne a leka go tshaba le go boela gae. Moragonyana, o ne a simolola go lemoga khumo ya dibuka le kitso e sekolo seo se neng se e naya. Kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa gagwe wa bobedi, o ne a itshokela kutlobotlhoko e kgolo ya ntlha mo botshelong jwa gagwe. Balaodi ba ne ba mmolelela ka tshoganyetso gore ke morwadia mosadi mongwe wa mosweu, e seng Nelly Heathcote, le gore ga a kitla a letlelewa go boela kwa legaeng la gagwe la pele ka malatsi a boikhutso a Keresemose. Mosha yono o ne a utlwile botlhoko thata mme a ikgogela morago.<ref name=":1" /> Dingwaga di le pedi moragonyana, kwa bokhutlong jwa 1953, Bessie o ne a fenya ditlhatlhobo tsa gagwe tsa [[Setlankana sa Junior]]. O ne a tswelela go dira [[Setlankana sa Katiso ya Barutabana]] sa dingwaga di le pedi kwa kholetšheng e e fa gaufi, fa a ntse a nna kwa St. Monica. La bofelo, kwa tshimologong ya 1956, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya bolela gore ke mogolo; o ne a newa setlankana sa nakwana sa go ruta; mme a amogela tiro ya go nna morutabana kwa sekolong se se botlana sa mmala kwa Durban.<ref>Mary Ellen Snodgrass, [https://books.google.com/books?id=LXyyYs2cRDcC&dq=bessie+amelia+emery+head&pg=PT141 "Head, Bessie (Bessie Amelia Emery Head)"], ''Encyclopedia of the Literature of Empire'', Infobase Publishing, 2010, pp. 131–132.</ref> Ka nako eno o ne a nna le botsala jo bogolo le badiri ba le mmalwa ba basweu ba St. Monica, mmogo le maloko a le mmalwa a [[setšhaba sa "Maindia"]], mme kgatlhego ya gagwe mo ditumelong tse e seng tsa Bokeresete e ne ya atlega, segolobogolo Bohindu.hyrhrhyt Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, o ne a na le kgolagano e e seng kalo fela le [[bontsi jwa "bantsho" jwa Aforika]] kwa Natal, ba e neng e le [[Mazulu]] ka bontsi. Mo bogareng jwa 1958, a lapisitswe ke ditiro tsa gagwe tsa letsatsi le letsatsi le go lora ka dilo tse dikgolo, Head o ne a tlogela tiro ya gagwe. O ne a nna le moletlo wa letsatsi la matsalo a dingwaga tse masome mabedi le motso le ditsala tsa gagwe tsa bogologolo, morago ga moo a palama terena go ya kwa [[Cape Town]], kwa a neng a ikaeletse go nna mmega dikgang gone.<ref name=":1" /> === Cape Town le Johannesburg === Batho ba Aforika Borwa ba ba neng ba le kwa ditoropong ba e seng basweu ba ne ba simolola go fuduega ka fa tlase ga melao e e neng e ntse e thibela le go feta ya tlhaolele. Dikuranta le dimakasine di le mmalwa tsa mmaraka wa batho ba le bantsi di ne di setse di thusa ka dilo tse ba di ratang, mme mo go tsone ''Drum'' ya beke le beke e ne e le yone e e neng e tumile thata. Head o ne a batla tiro go na le moo mo kgatisong ya kgaitsadie ''Drum'', e leng ''Golden City Post'' e e neng e tswa beke le beke. O ne a bereka koo mo e ka nnang ngwaga, a faela dikgang tsa kgotlatshekelo le ditiro tse dingwe tse dinnye tse di neng di newa batho ba ba sa tswang go simolola mo phaposing ya dikgang. O ne a kwala ka leina la gagwe la mmatota, Bessie Amelia Emery.<ref name=":2">[http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/bessie-amelia-head-sa-novelist-dies "Bessie Amelia Head, SA novelist dies"], South African History Online, 17 April 1986.</ref> Le fa ka nako eo Cape Town e ne e le bogolo jo bo tshwanang le jwa Durban, e ne e le mefutafuta thata e bile e raraane, e na le ditso tse ditelele thata. E ne e le motsemogolo wa sepolotiki wa lefatshe e bile ke yone, e le legae la [[Palamente]] ya yone. Kwa Pietermaritzburg le kwa Durban, Bessie o ne a ntse a le leloko la setlhopha se sennye sa batho ba ba seng bantsi, e leng [[Ba-Colored (ba merafe e e tlhakaneng) ba ba buang Seesemane]]. Kwa Cape Town ka tshoganetso o ne a nna leloko la setlhopha se segolo sa merafe ya selegae — Coloured — mme e le se se neng se bua [[Seburu]] mo botshelong jwa sone jwa letsatsi le letsatsi. Le fa a ne a sa ke a phuthologa mo puong eno e e neng e tswa mo [[baagi ba ntlha ba MaDutch]] ba Cape Town, go ise go ye kae o ne a kgona go tshela. Se a neng a fitlhela se le thata go se amogela e ne e le dikgaogano tse di neng di le teng mo setšhabeng seo ka mmala wa letlalo le maemo a itsholelo. O ne a le montsho thata go ka tsenela batho ba maemo, ka jalo o ne a rata go kopana le badiri le batho ba maemo a a kwa tlase mo [[Kgaolong ya Borataro]], morafe o mogolo wa Bammala o o neng o nna kwa letlhakoreng la bophirima la [[Table Mountain]], e seng kgakala le bogare. Fa gare ga tiro ya gagwe le marobalo a gagwe kwa Kgaolong ya Borataro, mosha yoo yo o sa tswang go goroga kwa kgaolong o ne a simolola ka bonako go dirisa mofuta le lebelo la toropo e kgolo. Gape o ne a lemoga ka kelotlhoko dikgotlhang tse dintsi tsa ka fa gare ga Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":1" /> Ka 1959, Head o ne a fudugela kwa Johannesburg go ya go dira kwa ''Home Post'', e leng kgatiso e nngwe e e neng e le kgaitsadie ''Drum''; o ne a newa padi ya gagwe le tuelo e e tlhomameng. Fano o ne a kopana le bakwadi ba ba itsegeng thata ba ba jaaka [[Lewis Nkosi]], [[Can Themba]] le [[Dennis Brutus]], mme a lekeletsa go kwala ga gagwe ka nosi. Mme maitemogelo a gagwe a a neng a fetola botshelo jwa gagwe ka nako eo e ne e le gore o ne a kopana le dikwalo tsa sepolotiki tsa bosetšhaba jwa bantsho, segolobogolo tsa ba-[[Bo-Aforika-Jotlhe|Pan-Africanist]] [[George Padmore]] le [[Robert Sobukwe]]. Nngwe ya dibuka tsa ga Padmore "e ne ya nnaya letlalo le lesha le botshelo jo bosha jo bo neng bo sa amogelesege gotlhelele mo maemong a a kwa tlase koo," o ne a kwala jalo moragonyana.<ref>Bessie Head, in ''South African Review of Books'', 1990, p. 12.</ref> O ne a kopana le Sobukwe mme a mo fitlhela a le teng thata ka namana. Gape o ne a kopana le diopedi tsa jazz le jazz, mme a rata [[Abdullah Ibrahim]] yo mmotlana ka bonako, yo ka nako eo a neng a itsege jaaka Dollar Brand, yo o neng a etelela pele setlhopha se se kwa pele sa jazz mo nageng.<ref name=":1" /> Setho le sepolotiki di ne tsa thunya mo tshimologong ya 1960. Head o ne a tsenelela [[Kokoano ya Pan-Africanist]] (PAC) ya ga Sobukwe dibeke di le mmalwa pele ga lekoko leo le etelela pele boipelaetso jwa bontsi jo bo neng bo tla bolaya kwa [[Soweto]], Sharpeville, le kwa metsesetoropong e mengwe ya batho bantsho. [[Polao ya Sharpeville]] e ne ya latela, mme ya tsosa diphetogo tse di botlhokwa tsa sepolotiki le tsa loago mo Aforika Borwa. Makoko a sepolotiki a batho bantsho a ne a thibelwa mme diketekete tsa balweladitshwanelo tsa tshwarwa. Head o ne a dira ka bokhutshwane go tshegetsa magolegwa a PAC pele ga a tshwarwa ka boene mo tiragalong e e maswe ya go tshwarisiwa ke bangwe ka boene mo gare ga batlhomogi ba PAC. Le fa gone kgabagare ditatofatso tse a neng a di latofadiwa di ne tsa kgaolwa, go ise go ye kae o ne a tshwenyega thata mo maikutlong mme a leka go ipolaya. Morago ga go robadiwa kwa kokelong ka nakwana, o ne a boela kwa Cape Town, a robegile mowa ka nakwana mme a swabisitswe ke dipolotiki.<ref name=":1" /> Mo e ka nnang ka 1969, Head le ene o ne a simolola go nna le matshwao a bolwetse jwa go fetofetoga maikutlo le bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo.<ref name=":3">Puchner, Martin. ''The Norton Anthology of World Literature''. 4th edn, F, W.W. Norton & Company, 2013.</ref> Morago ga ngwaga wa go ikgogela morago, Head o ne a tlhagelela gape mo ditlhopheng tsa batlhalefi le ba sepolotiki ba Cape Town, a kopanela le batlhalefi ba merafe e mentsi ya [[Liberal Party]] mmogo le batlhotlheletsi ba PAC. O ne a simolola go goga motsoko le go nwa. Ka Phukwi 1961, o ne a kopana le Harold Head, lekawana la Mmala le le neng le bua sentle go tswa kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]] le le neng le na le dikgatlhego tse dintsi tsa tlhaloganyo tse di tshwanang le tsa gagwe. Dibeke di le thataro morago ga foo ba ne ba nyalana, mme ka Motsheganong a le lesome le botlhano ka 1962 ngwana wa bone a le esi, Howard Rex Head, o ne a tsholwa.<ref name=":2" /> Lesea le ne le tshwailwe ke bolwetse jo bonnye (jo ka nako eo bo neng bo sa lemogiwe) jwa phetelo ya bojalwa kwa leseeng, jo bo neng bo tla mo ama botshelo jwa gagwe jotlhe.<ref>Accone, Darryl (17 May 2019). [https://mg.co.za/article/2019-05-17-00-heads-journalism-eclipsed/ "Head's journalism eclipsed"]. ''[[:en:Mail&Guardian|Mail&Guardian]]''.</ref> Bobedi jwa ga Harold le Bessie ba ne ba kwala dipadi ka nako eo, gantsi ba ne ba kwalela ''The New African'', e leng makasine o o simololang wa kgwedi le kgwedi o o neng o gatisiwa kwa Motsekapa. Bessie o ne a kwala gape buka ya drama, ''The Cardinals'', e e neng ya se ka ya gatisiwa ka dingwaga di le masome mararo. Mme boora-Head ba ne ba humanegile mme lenyalo la bone le ne le tlhotlhorega. Howard o ne a itshupa e le lesea le le sa nyenyeng. Ka kgobego marapo e kgolo Bessie o ne a tswa kwa Cape Town kwa bokhutlong jwa 1963 go ya go nna le matsalaagwe gaufi le Pretoria, a tsamaya le Howard. Fa botsalano joo le jone bo thubega, Head o ne a lapile. O ne a kopa tiro ya borutabana kwa lefatsheng le le mabapi la [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]] (e jaanong e bidiwang [[Botswana]]) mme a amogelwa. Le mororo a ne a sa kgone go bona pasa ya mosepele, tsala nngwe ya gagwe e ne ya mo thusa go bona tetla ya go tswa ka tsela e le nngwe fela. Go ela kwa bokhutlong jwa Mopitlo 1964, ene le morwawe ba ne ba palama terena ba ya kwa bokone. Head ga a ise a ke a tlhole a bona Aforika Borwa gape.<ref name=":1" /> === Botswana === Ka ngwaga wa 1964, a tlogela botshelo jwa gagwe kwa Aforika Borwa, o ne a fudugela le morwawe yo monnye kwa [[Botswana]] (ka nako eo e ne e santse e le [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]]) a batla botshabelo,<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/biography/Bessie-Emery-Head "Bessie Emery Head"], ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> ka a ne a amega thata mo [[Bo-Aforika-Jotlhe|dipolotiking tsa Pan-Africa]]. Go ne go tla tsaya dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano gore Head a bone [[boagedi jwa Botswana]]. Head o ne a nna kwa [[Serowe]],<ref name=":4">Lewis, Desiree (2003). "Bessie Head". In Margaret J. Daymond; Dorothy Driver; Sheila Meintjes (eds.). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=MXJfTLB4XvcC Women Writing Africa: The Southern Region]''. Feminist Press at CUNY. p. 290. ISBN 9781558614079. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> e leng "motse" o mogolo go gaisa wa Botswana (i.e., mafelo a setso go na le ditoropo tsa baagi). Serowe e ne e tumile ka bobedi ka botlhokwa jwa yone mo ditsong, jaaka motsemogolo wa morafe wa [[Bangwato|Bamangwato]], le ka sekolo sa tekeletso sa [[Sekolo Sa Swaneng Hill|Swaneng]] sa ga [[Patrick van Rensburg]]. [[Kgosi e kgolo]] ya Bamangwato e e neng e tlositswe mo setilong, [[Seretse Khama|Sir Seretse Khama]], e ne e tla tloga e nna tautona wa ntlha wa Botswana yo o ipusang.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/making_history/makhist10_prog7e.shtml "Making History | Sir Seretse Khama - first President of Botswana"]. ''[[:en:BBC_Radio_4|BBC Radio 4]]''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> Loso lwa gagwe la tshoganetso kwa Serowe ka 1986 (a le dingwaga di le 48) ka ntlha ya [[bolwetse jwa sebete]] lo ne lwa tla fela ka nako ya fa a ne a simolola go amogelwa jaaka mokwadi mme ebile a ne a sa tlhole a humanegile thata..<ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/head-bessie-introduction "Head, Bessie: Introduction | Encyclopedia.com"]. ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/south-african-literature-biographies/bessie-head "Bessie Head | Encyclopedia.com"]. ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Go kwala == Bontsi jwa dibuka tsa ga Bessie Head di ka ga [[Serowe]], go akaretsa le dipadi tsa ''[[When Rain Clouds Gather]]'' (1968), ''[[Maru]]'' (1971), le ''[[A Question of Power]]'' (1973).<ref name=":4" /> Boraro jo gape ke ka gagagwe; ''When Rain Clouds Gather'' e ikaegile ka maitemogelo a gagwe a go nna mo polaseng ya tlhabololo, ''Maru'' e akaretsa maitemogelo a gagwe a go tsewa e le yo o kwa tlase ka lotso, mme ''A Question of Power'' e dirisa tlhaloganyo ya gagwe ya gore go ne go ntse jang go itemogela kgatelelo e e tseneletseng ya tlhaloganyo.<ref name=":4" /> Head o ne a gatisa gape dikgankhutshwe di le mmalwa, go akaretsa le kokoanyo ya ''The Collector of Treasures'' (1977).<ref name=":4" /> O ne a gatisa buka e e buang ka ditiragalo tsa Serowe, motse o a neng a thibelela mo go one, e bidiwa ''Serowe: Village of the Rainwind.'' Padi ya gagwe ya bofelo, ''A Bewitched Crossroad'' (1984), ke ya ditso, e e kwadilweng mo Botswana wa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le boferabongwe. O ne a kwadile gape kgang ya baporofeti ba babedi, yo mongwe a humile mme yo mongwe a tshela ka bohumanegi e e bidiwang "Jacob: The Faith-Healing Priest".<ref>Head, Bessie (1992). ''[https://uct.worldcat.org/title/collector-of-treasures-and-other-botswana-village-tales/oclc/27760535 The collector of treasures: and other Botswana village tales]''. Oxford: Heinemann International Literature and Textbooks. ISBN 9780435909819. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/27760535 27760535].</ref> Tiro ya gagwe e akareditswe mo bukeng ya 1992 ya ''[[Daughters of Africa]]'', e e rulagantsweng ke [[Margaret Busby]].<ref>Magwood, Michele (5 July 2019). [https://www.wantedonline.co.za/voices/2019-07-05-new-daughters-of-africa-is-a-powerful-collection-of-writing-by-women-from-the-continent/ "'New Daughters of Africa' is a powerful collection of writing by women from the continent"]. ''Wanted''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> Tiro ya ga Head e ne e lebile botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi jwa batho ba ba tlwaelesegileng le seabe sa bone mo dikgaratlhong tse dikgolo tsa sepolotiki tsa Aforika. Gantsi dikgopolo tsa bodumedi di ne di tlhagelela thata, jaaka mo bukeng ya ''A Question of Power''. Head o ne a godisiwa kwa tshimologong e le Mokeresete; le fa go ntse jalo, moragonyana o ne a tlhotlhelediwa ke [[Hinduism|Bohindu]] (jo a neng a bo bona ka setšhaba sa Baindia sa Aforika Borwa).<ref>Smith, Lauren (1999). "Christ as Creole: Hybridity and the Revision of Colonial Imagery in the Works of Bessie Head". ''English in Africa''. '''26''' (1): 61–80. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0376-8902 0376-8902]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40238875 40238875].</ref> Bontsi jwa dikwalo tsa gagwe di diragetse fa a ne a le kwa botshabelo kwa Botswana, a dule mo Aforika Borwa ka 1964. Se se sa akarediweng ke padi ya ''The Cardinals'' (e e gatisitsweng morago ga loso lwa gagwe ka 1993), e e diragetseng mo Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":4" /> Ka ditsela dingwe, Head o ne a nna motho yo o tswang kwa ntle mo lefatsheng le a neng a le itlhophetshe, mme bangwe ba lemoga gore o ne a na le kamano nngwe ya lorato le letlhoo le lone. O ne a lwantshana le bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo mme a nna le tiragalo e kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ka 1969, e e neng ya dira gore a robadiwe ka lobaka lo lo rileng kwa Kokelong ya Tlhaloganyo kwa [[Lobatse]]. ''A Question of Power'', e Bessie Head a neng a e tsaya e le "e e batlang e le ya botshelo jwa gagwe" e ne ya kwalwa morago ga tiragalo eo.<ref>Davis, Caroline (16 April 2018). [https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/650b7d67-3696-48f3-8bae-e62330ce564c/1 "A Question of Power: Bessie Head and her Publishers"]. ''Journal of Southern African Studies''. '''44''' (3): 491–506. doi:10.1080/03057070.2018.1445354. ISSN 0305-7070. S2CID 149759698.</ref> === Ditlhotlheletso === Bontsi jwa tiro ya ga Head e ne e tlhotlheleditswe ke [[Mahatma Gandhi]], mme o ne a re ga a ise "ke ke bale sepe se se tsositseng maikutlo a me jaaka dipolelo tsa sepolotiki tsa ga Gandhi".<ref name=":3" /> Head o ne a tlhotlhelediwa thata ke Gandhi le tsela e a neng a tlhalosa dikgang tsa ga jaanong tsa sepolotiki ka tsela e e utlwalang sentle ka yone. Fa a bala dipampiri tsa gagwe, Head o ne a gakgamadiwa ke tiro mme a fitlhelela tshwetso ya gore Gandhi o tshwanetse a bo e le "Modimo jaaka motho".<ref name=":3" /> == Ditlotla le dietsele == Ka 1977, Head o ne a tsenelela Lenaneo la Boditšhabatšhaba la go Kwala la [[Yunibesithi ya Iowa]], le go lalediwang fela palo e e tlhophilweng ya bakwadi go tswa kwa lefatsheng lotlhe.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Golden, Audrey (30 December 2016). [https://blog.bookstellyouwhy.com/bessie-head-at-the-international-writing-program "Bessie Head's Experience at the International Writing Program"].</ref> Ka 2003, morago ga loso lwa gagwe o ne a abelwa Sekgele sa Aforika Borwa sa [[Order of Ikhamanga]] ka Gauta ka ntlha ya "seabe sa gagwe se se kgethegileng mo dikwalong le mo kgaratlhong ya phetogo ya loago, kgololesego le kagiso."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927050140/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/orders_list.asp?show=172 "Profile of Bessie Head"]. S A National Orders. Archived from [http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/orders_list.asp?show=172 the original] on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> Sekolo sa Werda kwa Durban, Aforika Borwa, se se neng se itsege jaaka Sekolo sa Basetsana sa St Monica.<ref>[https://sthp.saha.org.za/memorial/bessie_head.htm "Bessie Head, Struggle for identity"]. ''Sunday Times Heritage Project''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Boswa == Ka 2007, go ne ga tlhongwa Trust ya Boswa ya Bessie Head, mmogo le [[Dietsele tsa Dikwalo tsa Bessie Head]].<ref>[http://thuto.org/bhead/html/awards/awards.htm Bessie Head Literature Awards].</ref> Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2007 [[Motlobo o mogolo wa dibuka wa Mmasepala wa Msunduzi]] kwa [[Pietermaritzburg]] e ne ya bidiwa Motlobo wa dibuka wa Bessie Head go mo tlotla.<ref>[http://www.msunduzi.gov.za/site/library "Msunduzi Municipal Library Services"], Pietermaritzburg.</ref> Dipampiri tsa ga Bessie Head di bolokilwe kwa [[Motlobong wa ditso wa Segopotso sa Khama III]] kwa Serowe.<ref>[http://thuto.org/bhead/html/museum/museum.htm "Museum publishes Catalogue of the Bessie Head Papers"], Bessie Head Heritage Trust.</ref> == Tse dingwe == {{Botswana-stub}} == Metswedi == lxfqxqaq5l42q5i2hh0ye6sp2ole79r 52185 52183 2026-07-08T19:37:54Z Botshelo Dire 12943 ke ranotse tsbe e. wikipidea25setswana 52185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Bessie Head|birth_name=Bessie Amelia Emery Head|birth_date={{Birth date|df=y|1937|7|6}}|birth_place=[[Pietermaritzburg]], [[Natal (province)|Natal]], {{awrap|Union of South Africa}}|death_date={{Death date and age|df=y|1986|4|17|1937|7|6}}<ref name="Britannica: Bessie Emery Head, South African novelist" />|death_place=[[Serowe]], Botswana|occupation=Mokwadi|citizenship={{ubl|South Africa (until 1964)|Botswana (from 1979)}}|notable works={{ubl|''[[When Rain Clouds Gather]]'' (1968)|''[[Maru (novel)|Maru]]'' (1971)|''[[A Question of Power]]'' (1973)}}}} '''Bessie Amelia Emery Head''' (Phukwi a le garataro 1937 – Moranang a le lesome le bosupa 1986) e ne ele mokwadi wa letso la [[Aforika Borwa]]. E re ntswa a ne a tholega ko [[Aforika Borwa|Africa Borwa]] o ne a tsewa ele mokwadi wa tlhwatlhwa wa [[Botswana]]. O kwadile dibuka tsa go roba sogo, le tse dikhutshwane ga mmogo le tsa botshelo jwa gagwe tse di tletseng semoya le go tlhatlhanya.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bessie-Emery-Head</ref> Dibuka tsa gagwe tse di itsegeng di akaretsa ''[[When Rain Clouds Gather]]'' (1968), ''[[Maru]]'' (1971) le ''[[A Question of Power]]'' (1973). == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Bessie Amelia Emery o tsholetswe kwa [[Pietermaritzburg]], [[Union of South Africa]], ke ngwana wa mosadi wa mosweu le monna wa motho montsho ka nako eo dikamano tsa semorafe di neng di sa letlelelwe mo Aforka Borwa.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Head#cite_note-womenwriting-2</ref> Mmaagwe Bessie, Fiona Emery, go tswa mo lwapeng le le humileng la Aforika Borwa,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Head#cite_note-3</ref> o ne a nna dingwaga di le mmalwa kwa bookelong jwa malwetse a tlhaloganyo morago ga loso lwa ngwana wa gagwe wa ntlha, mosimane yo o neng a bidiwa Gerald Emery, yo o neng a tlhokafala morago ga dibeke di le robabobedi a tshotswe.O ne a le kwa kokelong e kgolo ya malwetse a tlhaloganyo kwa Pietemaritzburg fa a ne a tshola Bessie. Le fa a ne a sa letlelelwa go tshola ngwana,<ref name=":0" /> o ne a naya morwadie leina la gagwe. Rraagwe ga a itsewe. Lesea Bessie le ne la bewa la ntlha le batsadi ba basweu ba ba mo godisitseng ka kakanyo ya gore ke mosweu. Dibeke di le mmalwa moragonyana, batsadi bano ba ne ba lemoga gore o na le mmala mme ba mmusetsa kwa balaoding. Morago ga moo o ne a bewa le lelapa la merafe e e tlhakaneng kgotsa ya [["mmala"]], ba ga Heathcote, mo lefelong le le humanegileng le eseng la basweu kwa Pietermaritzburg. Fano, o ne a gola le mme yo o neng a mo godisa mo go gagametseng, e bong Nelly Heathcote, mme one a tsena Kereke ya Roma ya lefelo leo le sekolo sese sebotlana. Ga a ise a ko a lemoge sentle gore e ne e se Mo-Heathcote. O ne a itumelela bongwana jo bo batlang jo bo tlwaelesegile jwa nako ya gagwe le lefelo la gagwe, kwa ntle ga gore mmaagwe yo o mo godisitseng o ne a sa utlwane le go rata dibuka ga gagwe.<ref name=":1">Gillian Eilersen (1995). ''Bessie Head: Thunder Behind Her Ears: her life and writing''. Wits University Press. p. 9–18. ISBN 978-0-435-08984-9. OCLC 802874023. Wikidata Q112683813.</ref> Fa Bessie a le dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi, fa a sena go fetsa dingwaga di le nne tsa thuto ya sekolo se sebotlana, balaodi ba ne ba mo fudusetsa kwa [[Legaeng la Basetsana ba Mmala la St. Monica]], sekolo sa Anglican se se nang le matlo a borobalo kwa [[Durban]]. Kwa tshimologong, Bessie o ne a leka go tshaba le go boela gae. Moragonyana, o ne a simolola go lemoga khumo ya dibuka le kitso e sekolo seo se neng se e naya. Kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa gagwe wa bobedi, o ne a itshokela kutlobotlhoko e kgolo ya ntlha mo botshelong jwa gagwe. Balaodi ba ne ba mmolelela ka tshoganyetso gore ke morwadia mosadi mongwe wa mosweu, e seng Nelly Heathcote, le gore ga a kitla a letlelewa go boela kwa legaeng la gagwe la pele ka malatsi a boikhutso a Keresemose. Mosha yono o ne a utlwile botlhoko thata mme a ikgogela morago.<ref name=":1" /> Dingwaga di le pedi moragonyana, kwa bokhutlong jwa 1953, Bessie o ne a fenya ditlhatlhobo tsa gagwe tsa [[Setlankana sa Junior]]. O ne a tswelela go dira [[Setlankana sa Katiso ya Barutabana]] sa dingwaga di le pedi kwa kholetšheng e e fa gaufi, fa a ntse a nna kwa St. Monica. La bofelo, kwa tshimologong ya 1956, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya bolela gore ke mogolo; o ne a newa setlankana sa nakwana sa go ruta; mme a amogela tiro ya go nna morutabana kwa sekolong se se botlana sa mmala kwa Durban.<ref>Mary Ellen Snodgrass, [https://books.google.com/books?id=LXyyYs2cRDcC&dq=bessie+amelia+emery+head&pg=PT141 "Head, Bessie (Bessie Amelia Emery Head)"], ''Encyclopedia of the Literature of Empire'', Infobase Publishing, 2010, pp. 131–132.</ref> Ka nako eno o ne a nna le botsala jo bogolo le badiri ba le mmalwa ba basweu ba St. Monica, mmogo le maloko a le mmalwa a [[setšhaba sa "Maindia"]], mme kgatlhego ya gagwe mo ditumelong tse e seng tsa Bokeresete e ne ya atlega, segolobogolo Bohindu.hyrhrhyt Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, o ne a na le kgolagano e e seng kalo fela le [[bontsi jwa "bantsho" jwa Aforika]] kwa Natal, ba e neng e le [[Mazulu]] ka bontsi. Mo bogareng jwa 1958, a lapisitswe ke ditiro tsa gagwe tsa letsatsi le letsatsi le go lora ka dilo tse dikgolo, Head o ne a tlogela tiro ya gagwe. O ne a nna le moletlo wa letsatsi la matsalo a dingwaga tse masome mabedi le motso le ditsala tsa gagwe tsa bogologolo, morago ga moo a palama terena go ya kwa [[Cape Town]], kwa a neng a ikaeletse go nna mmega dikgang gone.<ref name=":1" /> === Cape Town le Johannesburg === Batho ba Aforika Borwa ba ba neng ba le kwa ditoropong ba e seng basweu ba ne ba simolola go fuduega ka fa tlase ga melao e e neng e ntse e thibela le go feta ya tlhaolele. Dikuranta le dimakasine di le mmalwa tsa mmaraka wa batho ba le bantsi di ne di setse di thusa ka dilo tse ba di ratang, mme mo go tsone ''Drum'' ya beke le beke e ne e le yone e e neng e tumile thata. Head o ne a batla tiro go na le moo mo kgatisong ya kgaitsadie ''Drum'', e leng ''Golden City Post'' e e neng e tswa beke le beke. O ne a bereka koo mo e ka nnang ngwaga, a faela dikgang tsa kgotlatshekelo le ditiro tse dingwe tse dinnye tse di neng di newa batho ba ba sa tswang go simolola mo phaposing ya dikgang. O ne a kwala ka leina la gagwe la mmatota, Bessie Amelia Emery.<ref name=":2">[http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/bessie-amelia-head-sa-novelist-dies "Bessie Amelia Head, SA novelist dies"], South African History Online, 17 April 1986.</ref> Le fa ka nako eo Cape Town e ne e le bogolo jo bo tshwanang le jwa Durban, e ne e le mefutafuta thata e bile e raraane, e na le ditso tse ditelele thata. E ne e le motsemogolo wa sepolotiki wa lefatshe e bile ke yone, e le legae la [[Palamente]] ya yone. Kwa Pietermaritzburg le kwa Durban, Bessie o ne a ntse a le leloko la setlhopha se sennye sa batho ba ba seng bantsi, e leng [[Ba-Colored (ba merafe e e tlhakaneng) ba ba buang Seesemane]]. Kwa Cape Town ka tshoganetso o ne a nna leloko la setlhopha se segolo sa merafe ya selegae — Coloured — mme e le se se neng se bua [[Seburu]] mo botshelong jwa sone jwa letsatsi le letsatsi. Le fa a ne a sa ke a phuthologa mo puong eno e e neng e tswa mo [[baagi ba ntlha ba MaDutch]] ba Cape Town, go ise go ye kae o ne a kgona go tshela. Se a neng a fitlhela se le thata go se amogela e ne e le dikgaogano tse di neng di le teng mo setšhabeng seo ka mmala wa letlalo le maemo a itsholelo. O ne a le montsho thata go ka tsenela batho ba maemo, ka jalo o ne a rata go kopana le badiri le batho ba maemo a a kwa tlase mo [[Kgaolong ya Borataro]], morafe o mogolo wa Bammala o o neng o nna kwa letlhakoreng la bophirima la [[Table Mountain]], e seng kgakala le bogare. Fa gare ga tiro ya gagwe le marobalo a gagwe kwa Kgaolong ya Borataro, mosha yoo yo o sa tswang go goroga kwa kgaolong o ne a simolola ka bonako go dirisa mofuta le lebelo la toropo e kgolo. Gape o ne a lemoga ka kelotlhoko dikgotlhang tse dintsi tsa ka fa gare ga Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":1" /> Ka 1959, Head o ne a fudugela kwa Johannesburg go ya go dira kwa ''Home Post'', e leng kgatiso e nngwe e e neng e le kgaitsadie ''Drum''; o ne a newa padi ya gagwe le tuelo e e tlhomameng. Fano o ne a kopana le bakwadi ba ba itsegeng thata ba ba jaaka [[Lewis Nkosi]], [[Can Themba]] le [[Dennis Brutus]], mme a lekeletsa go kwala ga gagwe ka nosi. Mme maitemogelo a gagwe a a neng a fetola botshelo jwa gagwe ka nako eo e ne e le gore o ne a kopana le dikwalo tsa sepolotiki tsa bosetšhaba jwa bantsho, segolobogolo tsa ba-[[Bo-Aforika-Jotlhe|Pan-Africanist]] [[George Padmore]] le [[Robert Sobukwe]]. Nngwe ya dibuka tsa ga Padmore "e ne ya nnaya letlalo le lesha le botshelo jo bosha jo bo neng bo sa amogelesege gotlhelele mo maemong a a kwa tlase koo," o ne a kwala jalo moragonyana.<ref>Bessie Head, in ''South African Review of Books'', 1990, p. 12.</ref> O ne a kopana le Sobukwe mme a mo fitlhela a le teng thata ka namana. Gape o ne a kopana le diopedi tsa jazz le jazz, mme a rata [[Abdullah Ibrahim]] yo mmotlana ka bonako, yo ka nako eo a neng a itsege jaaka Dollar Brand, yo o neng a etelela pele setlhopha se se kwa pele sa jazz mo nageng.<ref name=":1" /> Setho le sepolotiki di ne tsa thunya mo tshimologong ya 1960. Head o ne a tsenelela [[Kokoano ya Pan-Africanist]] (PAC) ya ga Sobukwe dibeke di le mmalwa pele ga lekoko leo le etelela pele boipelaetso jwa bontsi jo bo neng bo tla bolaya kwa [[Soweto]], Sharpeville, le kwa metsesetoropong e mengwe ya batho bantsho. [[Polao ya Sharpeville]] e ne ya latela, mme ya tsosa diphetogo tse di botlhokwa tsa sepolotiki le tsa loago mo Aforika Borwa. Makoko a sepolotiki a batho bantsho a ne a thibelwa mme diketekete tsa balweladitshwanelo tsa tshwarwa. Head o ne a dira ka bokhutshwane go tshegetsa magolegwa a PAC pele ga a tshwarwa ka boene mo tiragalong e e maswe ya go tshwarisiwa ke bangwe ka boene mo gare ga batlhomogi ba PAC. Le fa gone kgabagare ditatofatso tse a neng a di latofadiwa di ne tsa kgaolwa, go ise go ye kae o ne a tshwenyega thata mo maikutlong mme a leka go ipolaya. Morago ga go robadiwa kwa kokelong ka nakwana, o ne a boela kwa Cape Town, a robegile mowa ka nakwana mme a swabisitswe ke dipolotiki.<ref name=":1" /> Mo e ka nnang ka 1969, Head le ene o ne a simolola go nna le matshwao a bolwetse jwa go fetofetoga maikutlo le bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo.<ref name=":3">Puchner, Martin. ''The Norton Anthology of World Literature''. 4th edn, F, W.W. Norton & Company, 2013.</ref> Morago ga ngwaga wa go ikgogela morago, Head o ne a tlhagelela gape mo ditlhopheng tsa batlhalefi le ba sepolotiki ba Cape Town, a kopanela le batlhalefi ba merafe e mentsi ya [[Liberal Party]] mmogo le batlhotlheletsi ba PAC. O ne a simolola go goga motsoko le go nwa bojalwa. Ka Phukwi 1961, o ne a kopana le Harold Head, lekawana la Mmala le le neng le bua sentle go tswa kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]] le le neng le na le dikgatlhego tse dintsi tsa tlhaloganyo tse di tshwanang le tsa gagwe. Dibeke di le thataro morago ga foo ba ne ba nyalana, mme ka Motsheganong a le lesome le botlhano ka 1962 ngwana wa bone a le esi, Howard Rex Head, o ne a tsholwa.<ref name=":2" /> Lesea le ne le tshwailwe ke bolwetse jo bonnye (jo ka nako eo bo neng bo sa lemogiwe) jwa phetelo ya bojalwa kwa leseeng, jo bo neng bo tla mo ama botshelo jwa gagwe jotlhe.<ref>Accone, Darryl (17 May 2019). [https://mg.co.za/article/2019-05-17-00-heads-journalism-eclipsed/ "Head's journalism eclipsed"]. ''[[:en:Mail&Guardian|Mail&Guardian]]''.</ref> Bobedi jwa ga Harold le Bessie ba ne ba kwala dipadi ka nako eo, gantsi ba ne ba kwalela ''The New African'', e leng makasine o o simololang wa kgwedi le kgwedi o o neng o gatisiwa kwa Motsekapa. Bessie o ne a kwala gape buka ya drama, ''The Cardinals'', e e neng ya se ka ya gatisiwa ka dingwaga di le masome mararo. Mme boora-Head ba ne ba humanegile mme lenyalo la bone le ne le tlhotlhorega. Howard o ne a itshupa e le lesea le le sa nyenyeng. Ka kgobego marapo e kgolo Bessie o ne a tswa kwa Cape Town kwa bokhutlong jwa 1963 go ya go nna le matsalaagwe gaufi le Pretoria, a tsamaya le Howard. Fa botsalano joo le jone bo thubega, Head o ne a lapile. O ne a kopa tiro ya borutabana kwa lefatsheng le le mabapi la [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]] (e jaanong e bidiwang [[Botswana]]) mme a amogelwa. Le mororo a ne a sa kgone go bona pasa ya mosepele, tsala nngwe ya gagwe e ne ya mo thusa go bona tetla ya go tswa ka tsela e le nngwe fela. Go ela kwa bokhutlong jwa Mopitlo 1964, ene le morwawe ba ne ba palama terena ba ya kwa bokone. Head ga a ise a ke a tlhole a bona Aforika Borwa gape.<ref name=":1" /> === Botswana === Ka ngwaga wa 1964, a tlogela botshelo jwa gagwe kwa Aforika Borwa, o ne a fudugela le morwawe yo monnye kwa [[Botswana]] (ka nako eo e ne e santse e le [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]]) a batla botshabelo,<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/biography/Bessie-Emery-Head "Bessie Emery Head"], ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> ka a ne a amega thata mo [[Bo-Aforika-Jotlhe|dipolotiking tsa Pan-Africa]]. Go ne go tla tsaya dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano gore Head a bone [[boagedi jwa Botswana]]. Head o ne a nna kwa [[Serowe]],<ref name=":4">Lewis, Desiree (2003). "Bessie Head". In Margaret J. Daymond; Dorothy Driver; Sheila Meintjes (eds.). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=MXJfTLB4XvcC Women Writing Africa: The Southern Region]''. Feminist Press at CUNY. p. 290. ISBN 9781558614079. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> e leng "motse" o mogolo go gaisa wa Botswana (i.e., mafelo a setso go na le ditoropo tsa baagi). Serowe e ne e tumile ka bobedi ka botlhokwa jwa yone mo ditsong, jaaka motsemogolo wa morafe wa [[Bangwato|Bamangwato]], le ka sekolo sa tekeletso sa [[Sekolo Sa Swaneng Hill|Swaneng]] sa ga [[Patrick van Rensburg]]. [[Kgosi e kgolo]] ya Bamangwato e e neng e tlositswe mo setilong, [[Seretse Khama|Sir Seretse Khama]], e ne e tla tloga e nna tautona wa ntlha wa Botswana yo o ipusang.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/making_history/makhist10_prog7e.shtml "Making History | Sir Seretse Khama - first President of Botswana"]. ''[[:en:BBC_Radio_4|BBC Radio 4]]''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> Loso lwa gagwe la tshoganetso kwa Serowe ka 1986 (a le dingwaga di le 48) ka ntlha ya [[bolwetse jwa sebete]] lo ne lwa tla fela ka nako ya fa a ne a simolola go amogelwa jaaka mokwadi mme ebile a ne a sa tlhole a humanegile thata..<ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/head-bessie-introduction "Head, Bessie: Introduction | Encyclopedia.com"]. ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/south-african-literature-biographies/bessie-head "Bessie Head | Encyclopedia.com"]. ''www.encyclopedia.com''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Go kwala == Bontsi jwa dibuka tsa ga Bessie Head di ka ga [[Serowe]], go akaretsa le dipadi tsa ''[[When Rain Clouds Gather]]'' (1968), ''[[Maru]]'' (1971), le ''[[A Question of Power]]'' (1973).<ref name=":4" /> Boraro jo gape ke ka gagagwe; ''When Rain Clouds Gather'' e ikaegile ka maitemogelo a gagwe a go nna mo polaseng ya tlhabololo, ''Maru'' e akaretsa maitemogelo a gagwe a go tsewa e le yo o kwa tlase ka lotso, mme ''A Question of Power'' e dirisa tlhaloganyo ya gagwe ya gore go ne go ntse jang go itemogela kgatelelo e e tseneletseng ya tlhaloganyo.<ref name=":4" /> Head o ne a gatisa gape dikgankhutshwe di le mmalwa, go akaretsa le kokoanyo ya ''The Collector of Treasures'' (1977).<ref name=":4" /> O ne a gatisa buka e e buang ka ditiragalo tsa Serowe, motse o a neng a thibelela mo go one, e bidiwa ''Serowe: Village of the Rainwind.'' Padi ya gagwe ya bofelo, ''A Bewitched Crossroad'' (1984), ke ya ditso, e e kwadilweng mo Botswana wa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le boferabongwe. O ne a kwadile gape kgang ya baporofeti ba babedi, yo mongwe a humile mme yo mongwe a tshela ka bohumanegi e e bidiwang "Jacob: The Faith-Healing Priest".<ref>Head, Bessie (1992). ''[https://uct.worldcat.org/title/collector-of-treasures-and-other-botswana-village-tales/oclc/27760535 The collector of treasures: and other Botswana village tales]''. Oxford: Heinemann International Literature and Textbooks. ISBN 9780435909819. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/27760535 27760535].</ref> Tiro ya gagwe e akareditswe mo bukeng ya 1992 ya ''[[Daughters of Africa]]'', e e rulagantsweng ke [[Margaret Busby]].<ref>Magwood, Michele (5 July 2019). [https://www.wantedonline.co.za/voices/2019-07-05-new-daughters-of-africa-is-a-powerful-collection-of-writing-by-women-from-the-continent/ "'New Daughters of Africa' is a powerful collection of writing by women from the continent"]. ''Wanted''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> Tiro ya ga Head e ne e lebile botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi jwa batho ba ba tlwaelesegileng le seabe sa bone mo dikgaratlhong tse dikgolo tsa sepolotiki tsa Aforika. Gantsi dikgopolo tsa bodumedi di ne di tlhagelela thata, jaaka mo bukeng ya ''A Question of Power''. Head o ne a godisiwa kwa tshimologong e le Mokeresete; le fa go ntse jalo, moragonyana o ne a tlhotlhelediwa ke [[Hinduism|Bohindu]] (jo a neng a bo bona ka setšhaba sa Baindia sa Aforika Borwa).<ref>Smith, Lauren (1999). "Christ as Creole: Hybridity and the Revision of Colonial Imagery in the Works of Bessie Head". ''English in Africa''. '''26''' (1): 61–80. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0376-8902 0376-8902]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40238875 40238875].</ref> Bontsi jwa dikwalo tsa gagwe di diragetse fa a ne a le kwa botshabelo kwa Botswana, a dule mo Aforika Borwa ka 1964. Se se sa akarediweng ke padi ya ''The Cardinals'' (e e gatisitsweng morago ga loso lwa gagwe ka 1993), e e diragetseng mo Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":4" /> Ka ditsela dingwe, Head o ne a nna motho yo o tswang kwa ntle mo lefatsheng le a neng a le itlhophetshe, mme bangwe ba lemoga gore o ne a na le kamano nngwe ya lorato le letlhoo le lone. O ne a lwantshana le bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo mme a nna le tiragalo e kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ka 1969, e e neng ya dira gore a robadiwe ka lobaka lo lo rileng kwa Kokelong ya Tlhaloganyo kwa [[Lobatse]]. ''A Question of Power'', e Bessie Head a neng a e tsaya e le "e e batlang e le ya botshelo jwa gagwe" e ne ya kwalwa morago ga tiragalo eo.<ref>Davis, Caroline (16 April 2018). [https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/650b7d67-3696-48f3-8bae-e62330ce564c/1 "A Question of Power: Bessie Head and her Publishers"]. ''Journal of Southern African Studies''. '''44''' (3): 491–506. doi:10.1080/03057070.2018.1445354. ISSN 0305-7070. S2CID 149759698.</ref> === Ditlhotlheletso === Bontsi jwa tiro ya ga Head e ne e tlhotlheleditswe ke [[Mahatma Gandhi]], mme o ne a re "ga a ise ake a bale sepe se se tsositseng maikutlo a me jaaka dipolelo tsa sepolotiki tsa ga Gandhi".<ref name=":3" /> Head o ne a tlhotlhelediwa thata ke Gandhi le tsela e a neng a tlhalosa dikgang tsa ga jaanong tsa sepolotiki ka tsela e e utlwalang sentle ka yone. Fa a bala dipampiri tsa gagwe, Head o ne a gakgamadiwa ke tiro mme a fitlhelela tshwetso ya gore Gandhi o tshwanetse a bo e le "Modimo jaaka motho".<ref name=":3" /> == Ditlotla le dietsele == Ka 1977, Head o ne a tsenelela Lenaneo la Boditšhabatšhaba la go Kwala la [[Yunibesithi ya Iowa]], le go lalediwang fela palo e e tlhophilweng ya bakwadi go tswa kwa lefatsheng lotlhe.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Golden, Audrey (30 December 2016). [https://blog.bookstellyouwhy.com/bessie-head-at-the-international-writing-program "Bessie Head's Experience at the International Writing Program"].</ref> Ka 2003, morago ga loso lwa gagwe o ne a abelwa Sekgele sa Aforika Borwa sa [[Order of Ikhamanga]] ka Gauta ka ntlha ya "seabe sa gagwe se se kgethegileng mo dikwalong le mo kgaratlhong ya phetogo ya loago, kgololesego le kagiso."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927050140/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/orders_list.asp?show=172 "Profile of Bessie Head"]. S A National Orders. Archived from [http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/orders_list.asp?show=172 the original] on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> Sekolo sa Werda kwa Durban, Aforika Borwa, se se neng se itsege jaaka Sekolo sa Basetsana sa St Monica.<ref>[https://sthp.saha.org.za/memorial/bessie_head.htm "Bessie Head, Struggle for identity"]. ''Sunday Times Heritage Project''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Boswa == Ka 2007, go ne ga tlhongwa Trust ya Boswa ya Bessie Head, mmogo le [[Dietsele tsa Dikwalo tsa Bessie Head]].<ref>[http://thuto.org/bhead/html/awards/awards.htm Bessie Head Literature Awards].</ref> Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2007 [[Motlobo o mogolo wa dibuka wa Mmasepala wa Msunduzi]] kwa [[Pietermaritzburg]] e ne ya bidiwa Motlobo wa dibuka wa Bessie Head go mo tlotla.<ref>[http://www.msunduzi.gov.za/site/library "Msunduzi Municipal Library Services"], Pietermaritzburg.</ref> Dipampiri tsa ga Bessie Head di bolokilwe kwa [[Motlobong wa ditso wa Segopotso sa Khama III]] kwa Serowe.<ref>[http://thuto.org/bhead/html/museum/museum.htm "Museum publishes Catalogue of the Bessie Head Papers"], Bessie Head Heritage Trust.</ref> == Tse dingwe == {{Botswana-stub}} == Metswedi == 4itx2imjnkvook3t1asqm61mqm6mbjl 0 12930 52203 48405 2026-07-09T07:36:10Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe ya When Rain Clouds Gather #Setswana Knowledge Activation 52203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book|name=When Rain Clouds Gather|italic title=When Rain Clouds Gather|image_caption=Pati ya kgatiso ya ntlha|author=[[Bessie Head]]|language=SeEsemane|country=United Kingdom|genre=Padi|publisher=[[Victor Gollancz]]|pub_date={{date and age|1968}}|followed_by=[[Maru (padi)|Maru]]|image=When Rain Clouds Gather cover.png|isbn=0435909614|oclc=251800534}} '''''When Rain Clouds Gather''''' ke lokwalo la padi la ntlha ka ga Bessie Head, mokwadi wa [[:en:Botswana|Motswana]]-ka-[[:en:South_Africans|MoAforika Borwa]], e gatisitswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabbongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi.<ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/when-rain-clouds-gather "When Rain Clouds Gather | Encyclopedia.com"]. ''www.encyclopedia.com''.</ref><ref>[https://freduagyeman.blogspot.com/2013/07/28-when-rain-clouds-gather-by-bessie.html "248. When Rain Clouds Gather by Bessie Head*"]. ''ImageNations''. 12 July 2013.</ref><ref>Accone, Darryl (6 July 2021). [https://www.news24.com/news24/books/news/why-bessie-head-wrote-20210706 "Why Bessie Head wrote"]. ''[[:en:News24_(website)|News24]].''</ref> A sa bolo go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bone, Head o kwadile lokwalo lo a le mo botshabelong mo Botswana, a tla a e fetsa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa.<ref>Jagne, Siga Fatima; Parekh, Pushpa Naidu (12 November 2012). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3iibMu0Qjs8C&dq=%22When+Rain+Clouds+Gather%22+1968&pg=PA208 Postcolonial African Writers: A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook]''. Routledge. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781136593970|9781136593970]]</bdi> – via Google Books.</ref> E gatisitswe la ntlha mo Lontone ke [[:en:Victor_Gollancz|Victor Gollancz]] ya gatisiswa gape ke [[:en:Heinemann_(publisher)|William Heinemann]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bobedi, fa mo Amerika gone e gatisitswe ke ba [[:en:Heinemann_(publisher)|Simon & Schuster]].<ref name=":0">Head, Bessie (22 April 1968). [https://openpublishing.psu.edu/utopia/content/when-rain-clouds-gather "When Rain Clouds Gather"]. ''openpublishing.psu.edu''.</ref> == Neelano ya ditiragalo == Makhaya o siela kwa Botswana go tswa kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] ka nako ya puso ya tlhaolele. Kwa motseng wa Golema Mmidi o kopana le Gilbert, monna wa lekgoa o o lekang go ntshafatsa ditsela tse temo e diriiwang ka tsone. Ba kopanya ditlhogo go dira lefelo le batho ba berekang sentle mmogo, mme kgosi wa motse o kgatlhanong le se.<ref name=":0" /> == Kamogelo == David P. Bargueno o kwadile gore buka e e gatelela dikgang tsa tsholofelo le boitlhobogo, e supa lorato e le selo se se ka fenyang mathata ape, se e le kakanyo e e seong mo tirong ya ga Head ya ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le boraro ya ''A question of Powe''r, e e kwadilweng morago ga gore a nne le go tshwenyega thata mo maikutlong.<ref>[[:en:Abiola_Irele|Irele, Abiola]] (22 April 2010). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=hF_xjFL6_NEC&dq=%22When+Rain+Clouds+Gather%22+1968&pg=PA438&redir_esc=y ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of African Thought''.] Oxford University Press. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533473-9|978-0-19-533473-9]]</bdi> &#x2013; via Google Books.</ref> Helen Oyeyemi o kwadile ka When Rain Clouds Gather le Head a re "banna ba gagwe [ ] ba na le go itemoga mo go tseneletseng, ba na le maikutlo a basadi, se se ba tomola kwa godimo ga seelo sa banna ba bangwe, ba Head a ne a ngongorega gore banna ba Aforika ka setso ba ngotlilwe go nna jalo.<ref>Head, Bessie (2 September 2010). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=vX6yQ-1W3j0C&dq=%22Head+complained+African+men+were%22&pg=PT6&redir_esc=y When Rain Clouds Gather And Maru]''. Little, Brown Book Group. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780748125685|9780748125685]]</bdi> &#x2013; via Google Books.</ref> Fa a kwala mo Open Cultural Studies ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabongwe, Gerd Bayer a re When Rain Clouds Gather e ne e bua ka polotiki ya dingwaga di le makgolo a a le masome mabedi. Go golagana ga baanelwa bangwe ba ka tsela nngwe ba tlolang molao go ntsha mogopolo wa gore dikakanyo le ngwao di baka dikgogakgono tsa lefelo.<ref>Bayer, Gerd (1 January 2019). [https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/culture-2019-0038/html "When Earth Matters: Bessie Head's When Rain Clouds Gather"]. ''Open Cultural Studies''. '''3''' (1): 448–455. doi:[https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/culture-2019-0038/html 10.1515/culture-2019-0038]. S2CID&nbsp;[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/12f3459d865ed3748dec63bd787e3ba49624a44c 198490260] &#x2013; via www.degruyter.com.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bobedi, When Rain Clouds Gather e ne e akareditswe mo Big Jubilee Read, motseletsele wa dibuka di le masome a supa ka bakwadi ba mafatshe a selekanye ba ba neng ba di kwadile go ipelela dingwaga tsa ga Mma Mosadinyana di le masome a supa a ntse a le mo pusong.<ref>Sherwood, Harriet (18 April 2022). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/apr/18/the-god-of-small-things-to-shuggie-bain-the-queens-jubilee-book-list "The God of Small Things to Shuggie Bain: the Queen's jubilee book list"]. [[:en:The_Guardian|''The Guardian''.]] London.</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/2ql9w3GrkPVp9jvb3Rhm3sj/the-big-jubilee-read-1962-1971 "BBC Arts - BBC Arts - The Big Jubilee Read: Books from 1962 to 1971"]. ''BBC''. 17 April 2022.</ref> Buka e inolwa mo porojekeng ya ''When Rain Clouds Gather: Black South African Women Artists'', ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a mane go tsena ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi, e rulagantswe ke Portia Malatje le Nontokobelo Ntombela.<ref>Moloi, Nkgopoleng (October 2022). [https://www.artforum.com/events/when-rain-clouds-gather-black-south-african-women-artists-1940-2000-250375/ "'When Rain Clouds Gather: Black South African Women Artists, 1940–2000".] ''Artforum''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref> == Metswedi == j456b89wwrevy0mvu8ozxhs9j5r7jdy 0 14294 52220 52085 2026-07-09T11:26:35Z Kaone03 12936 52220 wikitext text/x-wiki Phitlhelelo e e bulegileng ke setlhopha sa melawana le mefuta e e farologaneng ya dilo tse di tlwaelesegileng tse di phatlaladitsweng tse di nang le [[:en:Copyright|ditshwanelo tsa go gatisiwa]] tse di fiwang babadi ntle le tuelo ya go di fitlhelela kgotsa dikgoreletsi tse dingwe. [<nowiki/>[[:en:Open_access#cite_note-suber_overview-1|1]]] Ka go bulelwa mo go tlhalositsweng ka tlhomamo (go ya ka tlhaloso ya 2001), kgotsa go bulelwa mahala, dikgoreletsi tsa go kopolola kgotsa go dirisa gape di a fokodiwa kgotsa go tlosiwa ka go dirisa [[:en:Open_license|teseletso e e bulegileng]] ya ditshwanelo , e e laolang tiriso pele ga kanamiso ya tiro. [<nowiki/>[[:en:Open_access#cite_note-suber_overview-1|1]]] [[Setshwantsho:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg|class=skin-invert-image|thumb|Letshwao la phitlhelelo e e bulegileng, le le simolotsweng ke [[:en:Public_Library_of_Science|Laeborari ya Botlhe ya Saense]]]]Mogopolo o tsepameng wa mokgatlho wa phitlhelelo e e bulegileng e ntse e le mo dibukeng tsa patlisiso tse di [[:en:Peer_review|sekasekilweng ke balekane,]] mme segolo thata mo [[:en:Academic journal|dibukeng tsa thuto.]] [ 2] Seno ke ka gore: * dikanamiso tse di ntseng jalo di [[:en:Academic_journal_publishing_reform|ile tsa nna]] le [[:en:Serials_crisis|mathata a go gatisiwa ga ditlhogo tsa dikgang]], go na le [[:en:Newspaper|makwalodikgang]], [[:en:Magazine|dimakasine]] le [[:en:Fiction_writing|dibuka tsa ditlhamane]]. Pharologano e kgolo magareng ga ditlhopha tse pedi tse ke go [[:en:Demand_elasticity|tlhoka go nna le nonofo]]: fa kharikhulamo ya dibuka tsa Sekgoa e ka ema boemong jwa buka ya [[:en:Harry_Potter_and_the_Philosopher's_Stone|Harry Potter le Philosopher's Stone]] ka sengwe se se ka bonwang ke botlhe, jaaka [[:en:Gulliver's_Travels|A Voyage to Lilliput]], [[:en:Physician|ngaka]] ya [[:en:Emergency_room|kamore ya tshoganyetso]] e e alafang molwetse yo o tshwerweng ke botlhole jwa [[:en:Urushiol|urushiol]] jo bo tshosetsang botshelo jwa gagwe ga e ka ke ya ema boemong jwa setlhogo sa bosheng mme ena le [[:en:File:Paywall_Example.svg|dituelo]] tse di sekasekilweng ka kgang eno[<nowiki/>[[:en:Open_access#cite_note-3|3]]] ka setlhogo sa dingwaga tse masome a le borobabongwe se se sa tlholeng se na le tshwanelo ya go gatisa[<nowiki/>[[:en:Open_access#cite_note-4|4]]] se se neng sa gasiwa pele ga go tlhamiwa ga [[:en:Prednisone|molemo o o gatelelang masole a mmele o o fokotsang botlhoko]] ka ngwaga wa 1954. * Bakwadi ba dipampiri tsa patlisiso ga ba duelwe ka tsela epe, ka jalo ga ba latlhegelwe ke madi fa ba tlogela go gatisa ka mokgwa o o duelang mme ba gatisa ka mokgwa o o bulegileng, segolobogolo fa ba dirisa metswedi ya tshedimosetso ya diamond open access. * tlhotlhwa ya go gatisa ka eleketeroniki, e e ntseng e le yone tsela e kgolo ya go anamisa ditlhogo tsa dimakasine fa e sa le ka ngwaga wa 2000, e kwa tlase thata fa e bapisiwa le tlhotlhwa ya go gatisa le go anamisa ka pampiri, e e sa ntseng e ratiwa ke babadi ba le bantsi ba dibuka tsa ditlhamane. Fa e le gore makwalopaka a a sa bulelwang batho botlhe a duelela ditshenyegelo tsa go gatisa ka go duela madi a a rileng a a jaaka go ikwadisa, dilaesense tsa mafelo kgotsa go duela madi a go leba, makwalopaka a a bulelwang batho botlhe one a na le mekgwa ya go duelela ditshenyegelo e e sa tlhokeng gore mmadi a duelele go bala se se mo makwalopakeng, go na le moo a ikaegile ka dituelo tsa mokwadi kgotsa ka madi a puso, ka ditshiamelo le ka go tshegediwa ka madi. Go fitlhelela go go bulegileng go ka dirisiwa mo mefuteng yotlhe ya dipholo tsa patlisiso tse di gatisitsweng, go akaretsa ditlhogo tsa makwalodikgang a borutegi tse di sekasekilweng ke balekane le tse di sa sekasekwang ke balekane, dipampiri tsa dikhonferense, dithesis,[5] dikgaolo tsa dibuka,[1] dimonografi,[6] dipegelo tsa patlisiso le ditshwantsho.[ 7] ocd0z3pqze53ywt77i09kh3slnlvf64 0 14298 52154 52087 2026-07-08T12:43:01Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #wikipedia25BW 52154 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Woolworths''' ( semmuso '''Woolworths Holdings Limited''', mme ka puo ya tlwaelo e itsege jaaka '''Woolies''' ) ke kompone ya thekiso ya Aforikaborwa e e dirang mo dinageng di le dintsi , e e naleng ntlokgolo ya yone kwa [[Cape Town]] . E tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa 1931, kompone e ke ya [[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo a dikarolo tse di farologaneng]] a manobonobo a Aforikaborwa le [[:en:Grocery_store|ketane ya dilwana tsa mo gae ya]] Woolworths, morekisi wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Country Road]], le ketane ya [[:en:Pet_store|mabentlele a magolo go gaisa otlhe a diruiwa tsa]] mo gae mo Aforikaborwa, e e leng [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] . <ref name="In battle for pets, Shoprite is catching Woolies fast">{{Cite web |last=Moneyweb |date=30 September 2025 |title=In battle for pets, Shoprite is catching Woolies fast |url=https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/in-battle-for-pets-shoprite-is-catching-woolies-fast/ |access-date=5 October 2025 |publisher=Moneyweb}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2025, setlhopha seno se thapa batho ba ka nna dikete di le masome a mararo le bobedi. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2024 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/whlfy24.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Karolo ya Aforika Borwa ya Woolworths e akaretsa kgwebo ya [[:en:Luxury_goods|dithoto tsa manobonobo]], go akaretsa le mokgwa wa diaparo, dithoto tsa mo gae, le didirisiwa tsa bontle. Mabenkele a a ikemetseng a dijo le "mafelo a go emela go reka dijo" tse di gokeletsweng mo mafelong a thekiso ya lookwane tsa [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] di mo mafelong a toropokgolo go ralala Aforika Borwa. Karolo e kgolo ya setlhopha, Woolworths Financial Services (WFS), e fa bareki dikarata tsa mabentlele, dikarata tsa sekoloto, dikadimo tse di dikologang le tshoreletso ya diruiwa tsa mo gae. Mo ngwageng wa yona wa matlole wa 2024, WFS e ne e na le karolo ya bone ya lotseno lwa Woolworths. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2025, Woolworths e na le palogotlhe ya mafelo a le sekete le makgolo a matlhano le masome a le borobabone le bongwe . Kompone e tsamaisa mabentlele a dijo a le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro le borataro le mabentlele a magolo a le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano mo Aforika Borwa, mmogo le palogotlhe ya mabentlele a le masome a borobabongwe le bosupa mo mabentleleng a yone a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] le mabentlele a le masome a brobabongwe le boraro go ralala Aforika yotlhe. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Kompone gape e tsamaisa mabentlele a [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] a le lekgolo le masome a borobabobedi le mabentlele a Country Road a makgolo a thataro le masome a mararo (nasome a borobabobedi le borobabobedi a mo Aforika Borwa, mme a setseng a le ko Australasia). Ka kakaretso, go tloga ka ngwaga wa yone wa madi wa 2025, Woolworths e na le lefelo la kgwebisano le le akaretsang selekanyo sa boleele jwa dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete di le makgolo a le borobabobedi le masome a mararo le bobedi (dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete dile sekete di le borobarobedi le makgolo a borobabongwe le masome a marataro). <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf "Annual Financial Statements, 2025"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings. September 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Karolo ya masome a le borobabobedi le borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya mabentlele a Woolworths a mo Aforika, mme karolo ya lesome le bongwe le bongwe mo lekgolong e e setseng e kwa Australia. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf "Integrated Annual Report, 2024"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Woolworths gape e na le WCafe, e leng ketane ya mabentlele a kofi a ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi a di farologaneng ka bogolo  – go tswa mo mafelong a bojelo a a nang le tirelo e e tletseng, a go nniwang fa fatshe, go ya kwa dibareng tsa kofi tse di nang le lefelo la go duela tsa tsone tse di kopantsweng mo mabentleleng a Woolworths, go ya kwa mafelong a mannye [[:en:Barista|a modiri wa kofi]] kwa ntle ga mabentlele a a rileng a dijo. Mabentlele a a kofi gape a thusa go tsamaisa ditaelo tsa dijo tsa borotho. WCafe ke letshwao le le itsegeng thata mo teng ga lefelo la kgwebo la matlo a kofi a Aforika Borwa mme le gareng ga tse di nang le palo e e kwa godimo ya mabentlele. <ref name="WCafe">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=WCafe |url=https://www.woolworths.co.za/cat/_/N-pjgm5f |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Woolworths}}</ref> <ref name="New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town">{{Cite web |last=Leigh Champanis-King |date=20 August 2024 |title=New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town |url=https://www.eatout.co.za/article/new-wcafe-opens-palmyra-junction-cape-town/ |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Eat Out}}</ref> == Ditaragalo tsa bogologolo == [[File:Woolworths_first_store_in_The_Royal_Hotel,_Plein_Street.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la ntlha la Woolworths, mo lefelong la bojelo le le maphatsiphatsi la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya The Royal, kwa motseng wa Cape Town]] E tlhomilwe ke [[:en:Max_Sonnenberg|Max Sonnenberg]], Woolworths e ne ya bula dikgoro tsa yone la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1931 mo Mmileng wa Plein, [[Cape Town|motse wa Cape Town]], mo lefelong la bojelo la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya Royal e e sa tswang go tswalwa. Katlego ya yone ya ntlha e ne ya dira gore go bulwe mabentlele a mangwe a mabedi mo kgaolong ya Cape. <ref name="News24History">{{Cite news|title=6 great South African businesses older than the rand|url=https://www.news24.com/brandstory/partner-content/6-great-south-african-businesses-older-than-the-rand-20210217|date=17 February 2021|access-date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Go ise go ye kae go ne ga bonala sentle gore kgwebo e ntšha eno e na le bokgoni jwa go atologa mo nageng yotlhe, le fa kwa tshimologong go tlhoka madi go ne go kgoreletsa tsholofelo eno. Tsala ya ga Sonnenberg, Elie Susman, o ne a tlamela ka matlole a a tlhokegang go atolosa go tsena mo [[Transvaal|kgaolo ya Transvaal]] mme morago ga moo a nna molekane wa gagwe wa kgwebo. <ref name="BusinessTechSusman">{{Cite web |title=From a 1930s dining hall to one of the biggest household names in South Africa |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/791272/from-a-1930s-dining-hall-to-one-of-the-biggest-household-names-in-south-africa/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=BusinessTech}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Florist_and_Fresh_Produce_Sections_of_the_Woolworths_Food_Emporium_in_Durbanville,_Cape_Town.jpg|thumb|Dikarolo tsa barekisi ba dithunya le dijo tsa dijalo tse di itekanetseng tsa Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Tlhopho ya leina e simolotse mo botsalanong jwa ga Sonnenberg le moromedi wa Lontone le mothusi wa matlole, Percy (P.R.) Lewis. Lewis e ne e le mokaedi wa Mabentlele a Diketane a kwa Australasia (ACS), e leng ntlo ya dikepe le ya madi kwa Lontone e e neng ya tlhongwa go direla kgwebo ya Australia e e neng e gola ka bonako e e neng ya tlhongwa ke W.T. Christmas. <ref name="SAResearcherNaming">{{Cite web |title=The Woolworths South Africa story |url=https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=South African Researcher}}</ref> <ref>"The Woolworths South Africa story". ''South African Researcher''. Retrieved 10 January 2026</ref>Batho ba ba romelang dithoto kwa Lontone ba ne ba tlhola ba thusa ka madi le go tlhopha dithoto tse di sa bonweng, tse morago ga moo di neng di romelwa kwa bareking ba bone. Ka kompone ya Amerika (e jaanong e sa tlholeng e le teng) ya F.W. Woolworth Company e ne e sena kgatlhego ya go gweba kwa Australia, "Rre" Christmas – jaaka a ne a itsege – o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe e ntšhwa. Lewis o ne a akantsha Sonnenberg gore ACS e ka tlaleletsa pampiri ya ya ga "Rre" Christmas le go romela selekanyo se se fokoditsweng sa sengwe le sengwe se se latelanang go tswa kwa Australia go ya kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ "The Woolworths South Africa story]". ''South African Researcher''. Retrieved 10 January 2026.</ref> Go ya ka se, Sonnenberg o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe. Dingwaga di le pedi moragonyana, kgotlatshekelo ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya atlhola gore go ne go tlhomilwe bopelonomi jo bo lekaneng go kgaola taelo e e neng e tlisitswe ke morekisi wa lefatshe la America kgatlhanong le tiriso ya leina leo.[[Susman, David (2004). An African Shopkeeper. Cape Town: Fernwood Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-874950-78-3.|[11]]] [[Setshwantsho:Pasta Section of the Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Karolo ya dijo ya Italy le ya Mexico ya Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Ka ngwaga wa 1998, Woolworths e ne ya nna le karolo ya taolo mo morekising wa diaparo wa Australia [[Country Road|wa Country Road]] . Le fa go ntse jalo, kompone e ne ya palelwa ke go tsaya Country Road e [[Private|se ya setšhaba]] ka ntlha ya go gana ga ga [[Solomon Lew]] go rekisa seabe sa gagwe sa dikarolo di le lesome le motso le masome a marataro le bosupa mo go lekgolong mo kgwebong. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Simon |date=1999-11-26 |title=$80m debt load sinks Sportsgirl |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/80m-debt-load-sinks-sportsgirl-19991126-k92ri |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=[[Australian Financial Review]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Treadgold |first=Tim |date=1999-07-09 |title=Out of South Africa |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/out-of-south-africa-19990709-kb4yn |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Australian Financial Review |language=en}}</ref> Woolworths e ne ya nna mong ka botlalo wa Country Road ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa 2014 fa e ne e reka seabe sa ga Lew ka didolara di le dikete tse 200 tsa Amerika.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Verrender|date=2014-06-24|title=Woolworths' offer to buy Lew out of Country Road raises questions|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-24/woolworths-offer-to-buy-lew-out-of-country-road-raises-questions/5547308|accessdate=2024-02-17}}</ref> <ref>Greenblat, Eli (25 July 2014). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/solomon-lew-accepts-country-road-offer-ending-17-year-battle-20140725-zwyys.html "Solomon Lew accepts Country Road offer, ending 17 year battle".] [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, lebentlele la Woolworths e ne ya reka kgwebo ya mabentlele a magolo ya Australia e bong [[:en:David_Jones_(department_store)|David Jones]] ka diranta di le dikete di le pedi ntlha nngwe tsa Astralia. David Jones o ne a rekisediwa setlamo sa sephiri sa [[:en:Anchorage_Capital_Partners|Anchorage Capital Partners]] ka Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2023.<ref>Koehn, Emma (19 December 2022). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/storied-history-david-jones-gets-new-owners-just-in-time-for-christmas-20221219-p5c7df.html "'Storied history': David Jones gets new owners just in time for Christmas"]. [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la Dijo la Woolworths kwa [[Durbanville]], [[Kapa Bophirima|Western Cape]]]] Ka Mopitlo mo ngwageng ya 2025 , Woolworths e ne ya simolola tirisanommogo ya yone ya Woolies After Dark le [[:en:Uber_Eats|Uber Eats]]. Go bonala kwa maemelong a dijo a tlhopilweng a Woolworths mo mafelong a leokwane a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]], tirelo e e ile ya dira gore go isiwe dithoto ko malapeng go fitlhela bosigogare, go feta dioura dipe tse di tlwaelesegileng tsa lebentlele la morekisi ope.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/article/woolies-after-dark-is-now-available-through-uber-eats-258567a "Woolies After Dark is now available through Uber Eats"]. Bizcommunity.com. 11 March 2025. Retrieved 29 October 2025.</ref> jxi4uo6jpch1htlvnx93lfomwsa1e4u 52158 52154 2026-07-08T13:54:02Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #wikipedia25bw 52158 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Woolworths''' ( semmuso '''Woolworths Holdings Limited''', mme ka puo ya tlwaelo e itsege jaaka '''Woolies''' ) ke kompone ya thekiso ya Aforikaborwa e e dirang mo dinageng di le dintsi , e e naleng ntlokgolo ya yone kwa [[Cape Town]] . E tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa 1931, kompone e ke ya [[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo a dikarolo tse di farologaneng]] a manobonobo a Aforikaborwa le [[:en:Grocery_store|ketane ya dilwana tsa mo gae ya]] Woolworths, morekisi wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Country Road]], le ketane ya [[:en:Pet_store|mabentlele a magolo go gaisa otlhe a diruiwa tsa]] mo gae mo Aforikaborwa, e e leng [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] . <ref name="In battle for pets, Shoprite is catching Woolies fast">{{Cite web |last=Moneyweb |date=30 September 2025 |title=In battle for pets, Shoprite is catching Woolies fast |url=https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/in-battle-for-pets-shoprite-is-catching-woolies-fast/ |access-date=5 October 2025 |publisher=Moneyweb}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2025, setlhopha seno se thapa batho ba ka nna dikete di le masome a mararo le bobedi. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2024 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/whlfy24.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Karolo ya Aforika Borwa ya Woolworths e akaretsa kgwebo ya [[:en:Luxury_goods|dithoto tsa manobonobo]], go akaretsa le mokgwa wa diaparo, dithoto tsa mo gae, le didirisiwa tsa bontle. Mabenkele a a ikemetseng a dijo le "mafelo a go emela go reka dijo" tse di gokeletsweng mo mafelong a thekiso ya lookwane tsa [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] di mo mafelong a toropokgolo go ralala Aforika Borwa. Karolo e kgolo ya setlhopha, Woolworths Financial Services (WFS), e fa bareki dikarata tsa mabentlele, dikarata tsa sekoloto, dikadimo tse di dikologang le tshoreletso ya diruiwa tsa mo gae. Mo ngwageng wa yona wa matlole wa 2024, WFS e ne e na le karolo ya bone ya lotseno lwa Woolworths. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2025, Woolworths e na le palogotlhe ya mafelo a le sekete le makgolo a matlhano le masome a le borobabone le bongwe . Kompone e tsamaisa mabentlele a dijo a le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro le borataro le mabentlele a magolo a le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano mo Aforika Borwa, mmogo le palogotlhe ya mabentlele a le masome a borobabongwe le bosupa mo mabentleleng a yone a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] le mabentlele a le masome a brobabongwe le boraro go ralala Aforika yotlhe. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Kompone gape e tsamaisa mabentlele a [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] a le lekgolo le masome a borobabobedi le mabentlele a Country Road a makgolo a thataro le masome a mararo (nasome a borobabobedi le borobabobedi a mo Aforika Borwa, mme a setseng a le ko Australasia). Ka kakaretso, go tloga ka ngwaga wa yone wa madi wa 2025, Woolworths e na le lefelo la kgwebisano le le akaretsang selekanyo sa boleele jwa dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete di le makgolo a le borobabobedi le masome a mararo le bobedi (dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete dile sekete di le borobarobedi le makgolo a borobabongwe le masome a marataro). <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf "Annual Financial Statements, 2025"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings. September 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Karolo ya masome a le borobabobedi le borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya mabentlele a Woolworths a mo Aforika, mme karolo ya lesome le bongwe le bongwe mo lekgolong e e setseng e kwa Australia. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf "Integrated Annual Report, 2024"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Woolworths gape e na le WCafe, e leng ketane ya mabentlele a kofi a ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi a di farologaneng ka bogolo  – go tswa mo mafelong a bojelo a a nang le tirelo e e tletseng, a go nniwang fa fatshe, go ya kwa dibareng tsa kofi tse di nang le lefelo la go duela tsa tsone tse di kopantsweng mo mabentleleng a Woolworths, go ya kwa mafelong a mannye [[:en:Barista|a modiri wa kofi]] kwa ntle ga mabentlele a a rileng a dijo. Mabentlele a a kofi gape a thusa go tsamaisa ditaelo tsa dijo tsa borotho. WCafe ke letshwao le le itsegeng thata mo teng ga lefelo la kgwebo la matlo a kofi a Aforika Borwa mme le gareng ga tse di nang le palo e e kwa godimo ya mabentlele. <ref name="WCafe">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=WCafe |url=https://www.woolworths.co.za/cat/_/N-pjgm5f |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Woolworths}}</ref> <ref name="New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town">{{Cite web |last=Leigh Champanis-King |date=20 August 2024 |title=New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town |url=https://www.eatout.co.za/article/new-wcafe-opens-palmyra-junction-cape-town/ |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Eat Out}}</ref> == Ditaragalo tsa bogologolo == [[File:Woolworths_first_store_in_The_Royal_Hotel,_Plein_Street.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la ntlha la Woolworths, mo lefelong la bojelo le le maphatsiphatsi la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya The Royal, kwa motseng wa Cape Town]] E tlhomilwe ke [[:en:Max_Sonnenberg|Max Sonnenberg]], Woolworths e ne ya bula dikgoro tsa yone la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1931 mo Mmileng wa Plein, [[Cape Town|motse wa Cape Town]], mo lefelong la bojelo la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya Royal e e sa tswang go tswalwa. Katlego ya yone ya ntlha e ne ya dira gore go bulwe mabentlele a mangwe a mabedi mo kgaolong ya Cape. <ref name="News24History">{{Cite news|title=6 great South African businesses older than the rand|url=https://www.news24.com/brandstory/partner-content/6-great-south-african-businesses-older-than-the-rand-20210217|date=17 February 2021|access-date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Go ise go ye kae go ne ga bonala sentle gore kgwebo e ntšha eno e na le bokgoni jwa go atologa mo nageng yotlhe, le fa kwa tshimologong go tlhoka madi go ne go kgoreletsa tsholofelo eno. Tsala ya ga Sonnenberg, Elie Susman, o ne a tlamela ka matlole a a tlhokegang go atolosa go tsena mo [[:en:Transvaal_(province)|kgaolo ya Transvaal]] mme morago ga moo a nna molekane wa gagwe wa kgwebo. <ref name="BusinessTechSusman">{{Cite web |title=From a 1930s dining hall to one of the biggest household names in South Africa |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/791272/from-a-1930s-dining-hall-to-one-of-the-biggest-household-names-in-south-africa/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=BusinessTech}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Florist_and_Fresh_Produce_Sections_of_the_Woolworths_Food_Emporium_in_Durbanville,_Cape_Town.jpg|thumb|Dikarolo tsa barekisi ba dithunya le dijo tsa dijalo tse di itekanetseng tsa Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Tlhopho ya leina e simolotse mo botsalanong jwa ga Sonnenberg le moromedi wa Lontone le mothusi wa matlole, Percy (P.R.) Lewis. Lewis e ne e le mokaedi wa Mabentlele a Diketane a kwa Australasia (ACS), e leng ntlo ya dikepe le ya madi kwa Lontone e e neng ya tlhongwa go direla kgwebo ya Australia e e neng e gola ka bonako e e neng ya tlhongwa ke W.T. Christmas. <ref name="SAResearcherNaming">{{Cite web |title=The Woolworths South Africa story |url=https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=South African Researcher}}</ref> Batho ba ba romelang dithoto kwa Lontone ba ne ba tlhola ba thusa ka madi le go tlhopha dithoto tse di sa bonweng, tse morago ga moo di neng di romelwa kwa bareking ba bone. Ka kompone ya Amerika (e jaanong e sa tlholeng e le teng) ya F.W. Woolworth Company e ne e sena kgatlhego ya go gweba kwa Australia, "Rre" Christmas – jaaka a ne a itsege – o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe e ntšhwa. Lewis o ne a akantsha Sonnenberg gore ACS e ka tlaleletsa pampiri ya ya ga "Rre" Christmas le go romela selekanyo se se fokoditsweng sa sengwe le sengwe se se latelanang go tswa kwa Australia go ya kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ "The Woolworths South Africa story]". ''South African Researcher''. Retrieved 10 January 2026.</ref> Go ya ka se, Sonnenberg o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe. Dingwaga di le pedi moragonyana, kgotlatshekelo ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya atlhola gore go ne go tlhomilwe bopelonomi jo bo lekaneng go kgaola taelo e e neng e tlisitswe ke morekisi wa lefatshe la America kgatlhanong le tiriso ya leina leo.<ref>Susman, David (2004). ''An African Shopkeeper''. Cape Town: Fernwood Press. p.&#x20;27. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-874950-78-3|978-1-874950-78-3]]</bdi>.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Pasta Section of the Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Karolo ya dijo ya Italy le ya Mexico ya Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Ka ngwaga wa 1998, Woolworths e ne ya nna le karolo ya taolo mo morekising wa diaparo wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_(retailer)|Country Road]] . Le fa go ntse jalo, kompone e ne ya palelwa ke go tsaya Country Road e [[:en:Private_limited_company|se ya setšhaba]] ka ntlha ya go gana ga ga [[:en:Solomon_Lew|Solomon Lew]] go rekisa seabe sa gagwe sa dikarolo di le lesome le motso le masome a marataro le bosupa mo go lekgolong mo kgwebong. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Simon |date=1999-11-26 |title=$80m debt load sinks Sportsgirl |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/80m-debt-load-sinks-sportsgirl-19991126-k92ri |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=[[Australian Financial Review]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Treadgold |first=Tim |date=1999-07-09 |title=Out of South Africa |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/out-of-south-africa-19990709-kb4yn |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Australian Financial Review |language=en}}</ref> Woolworths e ne ya nna mong ka botlalo wa Country Road ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa 2014 fa e ne e reka seabe sa ga Lew ka didolara di le dikete tse 200 tsa Amerika.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Verrender|date=2014-06-24|title=Woolworths' offer to buy Lew out of Country Road raises questions|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-24/woolworths-offer-to-buy-lew-out-of-country-road-raises-questions/5547308|accessdate=2024-02-17}}</ref> <ref>Greenblat, Eli (25 July 2014). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/solomon-lew-accepts-country-road-offer-ending-17-year-battle-20140725-zwyys.html "Solomon Lew accepts Country Road offer, ending 17 year battle".] [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, lebentlele la Woolworths e ne ya reka kgwebo ya mabentlele a magolo ya Australia e bong [[:en:David_Jones_(department_store)|David Jones]] ka diranta di le dikete di le pedi ntlha nngwe tsa Astralia. David Jones o ne a rekisediwa setlamo sa sephiri sa [[:en:Anchorage_Capital_Partners|Anchorage Capital Partners]] ka Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2023.<ref>Koehn, Emma (19 December 2022). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/storied-history-david-jones-gets-new-owners-just-in-time-for-christmas-20221219-p5c7df.html "'Storied history': David Jones gets new owners just in time for Christmas"]. [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la Dijo la Woolworths kwa [[Durbanville]], [[Kapa Bophirima|Western Cape]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2025 , Woolworths e ne ya simolola tirisanommogo ya yone ya Woolies After Dark le [[:en:Uber_Eats|Uber Eats]]. Go bonala kwa maemelong a dijo a tlhopilweng a Woolworths mo mafelong a leokwane a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]], tirelo e e ile ya dira gore go isiwe dithoto ko malapeng go fitlhela bosigogare, go feta dioura dipe tse di tlwaelesegileng tsa lebentlele la morekisi ope.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/article/woolies-after-dark-is-now-available-through-uber-eats-258567a "Woolies After Dark is now available through Uber Eats"]. Bizcommunity.com. 11 March 2025. Retrieved 29 October 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Entrance to Woolworths Food Store and Cafe in Claremont, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths le WCafe e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo lefelong la mabentlele la Palmyra Junction, kwa [[Claremont, Cape Town|Claremont]], [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi 2025, Woolies e ne ya bula sebopego se sešwa sa lebentlele – Lebenkele la Dijo la Woolworths – le le nang le lefelo la ntlha kwa [[:en:Durbanville|Durbanville]], kwa [[:en:Western_Cape|Western Cape]]. Lebentlele le e ne ya nna lone le le sa tswang go dirwa [[:en:Flagship|le legolo le le emelang komponi]] . Lebentlele le ga le le legolo fela go feta lebentlele le le tlwaelesegileng la dijo tsa Woolworths mme gape le agilwe ka mokgwa o o neelang bareki maitemogelo a a kgetegileng fa ba reka. Thulaganyo e sa tswang go dirwa e akaretsa mafelo a a kgethegileng a a akaretsang lefelo la [[:en:Florist|morekisi wa dithunya]], lefelo la tirelo le le nang le go apaya ka tlhamalalo fa pele ga bareki, morekisi wa ditlhapi, karolo ya dimonamone, mafelo a dijo a Italy le Mexico, le karolo ya mofine ya WCellar.<ref>capeetc (7 July 2025). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/woolworths-opens-first-of-its-kind-food-emporium-in-cape-town/ "Woolworths opens first-of-its-kind Food Emporium in Cape Town"]. Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 11 September 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2026, Woolworths e ne ya itsise gore e ne e leka go itlhatlhoba kwa lebentleleng la yone kwa [[:en:Foreshore,_Cape_Town|Foreshore]], kwa [[:en:Cape_Town|Capetown]]. Morekisi o ne a ikaeletse go bona gore a lefelo la go duela ka bonako e le nngwe fela e ka thusa go fokotsa mela ya nako ya dijo tsa motshegare. Mmueledi wa Woolworths o buile gore teko ya teng ga ena go go ntsha maemo a [[:en:Cashier|baduedisi]] le gore babereki bape ba ab amegang ba tla fiwa katiso e nngwe gape abo ba abelwa maemo a mangwe gape mo lebentleleng.<ref>Angelica Rhoda (21 February 2026). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/shopping/woolworths-pilots-self-service-checkout-cape-town/ "Woolworths pilots self-service checkout in Cape Town".] Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Kgato e e ne ya latela teko ya dikolotsana tse di botlhale tsa go reka ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2025 ke morekisi yo o gaisanang wa [[:en:Checkers_(supermarket_chain)|Checkers]].<ref>Terri-Ann Brouwers (21 August 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/checkers-trials-sas-first-smart-trolley-with-built-in-checkout/ "Checkers trials SA's first smart trolley with built-in checkout".] Moneyweb. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> 4kmjxbobmew4y0hriz0pfbey52da99q 52159 52158 2026-07-08T14:08:50Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #wikipedi25bw 52159 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Woolworths''' ( semmuso '''Woolworths Holdings Limited''', mme ka puo ya tlwaelo e itsege jaaka '''Woolies''' ) ke kompone ya thekiso ya Aforikaborwa e e dirang mo dinageng di le dintsi , e e naleng ntlokgolo ya yone kwa [[Cape Town]] . E tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa 1931, kompone e ke ya [[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo a dikarolo tse di farologaneng]] a manobonobo a Aforikaborwa le [[:en:Grocery_store|ketane ya dilwana tsa mo gae ya]] Woolworths, morekisi wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Country Road]], le ketane ya [[:en:Pet_store|mabentlele a magolo go gaisa otlhe a diruiwa tsa]] mo gae mo Aforikaborwa, e e leng [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]].<ref>Moneyweb (30 September 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/in-battle-for-pets-shoprite-is-catching-woolies-fast/ "In battle for pets, Shoprite is catching Woolies fast". Moneyweb.] Retrieved 5 October 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka 2025, setlhopha seno se thapa batho ba ka nna dikete di le masome a mararo le bobedi. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2024 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/whlfy24.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Karolo ya Aforika Borwa ya Woolworths e akaretsa kgwebo ya [[:en:Luxury_goods|dithoto tsa manobonobo]], go akaretsa le mokgwa wa diaparo, dithoto tsa mo gae, le didirisiwa tsa bontle. Mabenkele a a ikemetseng a dijo le "mafelo a go emela go reka dijo" tse di gokeletsweng mo mafelong a thekiso ya lookwane tsa [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] di mo mafelong a toropokgolo go ralala Aforika Borwa. Karolo e kgolo ya setlhopha, Woolworths Financial Services (WFS), e fa bareki dikarata tsa mabentlele, dikarata tsa sekoloto, dikadimo tse di dikologang le tshoreletso ya diruiwa tsa mo gae. Mo ngwageng wa yona wa matlole wa 2024, WFS e ne e na le karolo ya bone ya lotseno lwa Woolworths. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2025, Woolworths e na le palogotlhe ya mafelo a le sekete le makgolo a matlhano le masome a le borobabone le bongwe . Kompone e tsamaisa mabentlele a dijo a le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro le borataro le mabentlele a magolo a le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano mo Aforika Borwa, mmogo le palogotlhe ya mabentlele a le masome a borobabongwe le bosupa mo mabentleleng a yone a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] le mabentlele a le masome a brobabongwe le boraro go ralala Aforika yotlhe. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Kompone gape e tsamaisa mabentlele a [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] a le lekgolo le masome a borobabobedi le mabentlele a Country Road a makgolo a thataro le masome a mararo (nasome a borobabobedi le borobabobedi a mo Aforika Borwa, mme a setseng a le ko Australasia). Ka kakaretso, go tloga ka ngwaga wa yone wa madi wa 2025, Woolworths e na le lefelo la kgwebisano le le akaretsang selekanyo sa boleele jwa dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete di le makgolo a le borobabobedi le masome a mararo le bobedi (dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete dile sekete di le borobarobedi le makgolo a borobabongwe le masome a marataro). <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf "Annual Financial Statements, 2025"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings. September 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Karolo ya masome a le borobabobedi le borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya mabentlele a Woolworths a mo Aforika, mme karolo ya lesome le bongwe le bongwe mo lekgolong e e setseng e kwa Australia. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf "Integrated Annual Report, 2024"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Woolworths gape e na le WCafe, e leng ketane ya mabentlele a kofi a ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi a di farologaneng ka bogolo  – go tswa mo mafelong a bojelo a a nang le tirelo e e tletseng, a go nniwang fa fatshe, go ya kwa dibareng tsa kofi tse di nang le lefelo la go duela tsa tsone tse di kopantsweng mo mabentleleng a Woolworths, go ya kwa mafelong a mannye [[:en:Barista|a modiri wa kofi]] kwa ntle ga mabentlele a a rileng a dijo. Mabentlele a a kofi gape a thusa go tsamaisa ditaelo tsa dijo tsa borotho. WCafe ke letshwao le le itsegeng thata mo teng ga lefelo la kgwebo la matlo a kofi a Aforika Borwa mme le gareng ga tse di nang le palo e e kwa godimo ya mabentlele. <ref name="WCafe">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=WCafe |url=https://www.woolworths.co.za/cat/_/N-pjgm5f |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Woolworths}}</ref> <ref name="New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town">{{Cite web |last=Leigh Champanis-King |date=20 August 2024 |title=New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town |url=https://www.eatout.co.za/article/new-wcafe-opens-palmyra-junction-cape-town/ |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Eat Out}}</ref> == Ditaragalo tsa bogologolo == [[File:Woolworths_first_store_in_The_Royal_Hotel,_Plein_Street.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la ntlha la Woolworths, mo lefelong la bojelo le le maphatsiphatsi la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya The Royal, kwa motseng wa Cape Town]] E tlhomilwe ke [[:en:Max_Sonnenberg|Max Sonnenberg]], Woolworths e ne ya bula dikgoro tsa yone la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1931 mo Mmileng wa Plein, [[Cape Town|motse wa Cape Town]], mo lefelong la bojelo la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya Royal e e sa tswang go tswalwa. Katlego ya yone ya ntlha e ne ya dira gore go bulwe mabentlele a mangwe a mabedi mo kgaolong ya Cape. <ref name="News24History">{{Cite news|title=6 great South African businesses older than the rand|url=https://www.news24.com/brandstory/partner-content/6-great-south-african-businesses-older-than-the-rand-20210217|date=17 February 2021|access-date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Go ise go ye kae go ne ga bonala sentle gore kgwebo e ntšha eno e na le bokgoni jwa go atologa mo nageng yotlhe, le fa kwa tshimologong go tlhoka madi go ne go kgoreletsa tsholofelo eno. Tsala ya ga Sonnenberg, Elie Susman, o ne a tlamela ka matlole a a tlhokegang go atolosa go tsena mo [[:en:Transvaal_(province)|kgaolo ya Transvaal]] mme morago ga moo a nna molekane wa gagwe wa kgwebo. <ref name="BusinessTechSusman">{{Cite web |title=From a 1930s dining hall to one of the biggest household names in South Africa |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/791272/from-a-1930s-dining-hall-to-one-of-the-biggest-household-names-in-south-africa/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=BusinessTech}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Florist_and_Fresh_Produce_Sections_of_the_Woolworths_Food_Emporium_in_Durbanville,_Cape_Town.jpg|thumb|Dikarolo tsa barekisi ba dithunya le dijo tsa dijalo tse di itekanetseng tsa Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Tlhopho ya leina e simolotse mo botsalanong jwa ga Sonnenberg le moromedi wa Lontone le mothusi wa matlole, Percy (P.R.) Lewis. Lewis e ne e le mokaedi wa Mabentlele a Diketane a kwa Australasia (ACS), e leng ntlo ya dikepe le ya madi kwa Lontone e e neng ya tlhongwa go direla kgwebo ya Australia e e neng e gola ka bonako e e neng ya tlhongwa ke W.T. Christmas. <ref name="SAResearcherNaming">{{Cite web |title=The Woolworths South Africa story |url=https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=South African Researcher}}</ref> Batho ba ba romelang dithoto kwa Lontone ba ne ba tlhola ba thusa ka madi le go tlhopha dithoto tse di sa bonweng, tse morago ga moo di neng di romelwa kwa bareking ba bone. Ka kompone ya Amerika (e jaanong e sa tlholeng e le teng) ya F.W. Woolworth Company e ne e sena kgatlhego ya go gweba kwa Australia, "Rre" Christmas – jaaka a ne a itsege – o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe e ntšhwa. Lewis o ne a akantsha Sonnenberg gore ACS e ka tlaleletsa pampiri ya ya ga "Rre" Christmas le go romela selekanyo se se fokoditsweng sa sengwe le sengwe se se latelanang go tswa kwa Australia go ya kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ "The Woolworths South Africa story]". ''South African Researcher''. Retrieved 10 January 2026.</ref> Go ya ka se, Sonnenberg o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe. Dingwaga di le pedi moragonyana, kgotlatshekelo ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya atlhola gore go ne go tlhomilwe bopelonomi jo bo lekaneng go kgaola taelo e e neng e tlisitswe ke morekisi wa lefatshe la America kgatlhanong le tiriso ya leina leo.<ref>Susman, David (2004). ''An African Shopkeeper''. Cape Town: Fernwood Press. p.&#x20;27. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-874950-78-3|978-1-874950-78-3]]</bdi>.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Pasta Section of the Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Karolo ya dijo ya Italy le ya Mexico ya Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Ka ngwaga wa 1998, Woolworths e ne ya nna le karolo ya taolo mo morekising wa diaparo wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_(retailer)|Country Road]] . Le fa go ntse jalo, kompone e ne ya palelwa ke go tsaya Country Road e [[:en:Private_limited_company|se ya setšhaba]] ka ntlha ya go gana ga ga [[:en:Solomon_Lew|Solomon Lew]] go rekisa seabe sa gagwe sa dikarolo di le lesome le motso le masome a marataro le bosupa mo go lekgolong mo kgwebong. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Simon |date=1999-11-26 |title=$80m debt load sinks Sportsgirl |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/80m-debt-load-sinks-sportsgirl-19991126-k92ri |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=[[Australian Financial Review]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Treadgold |first=Tim |date=1999-07-09 |title=Out of South Africa |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/out-of-south-africa-19990709-kb4yn |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Australian Financial Review |language=en}}</ref> Woolworths e ne ya nna mong ka botlalo wa Country Road ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa 2014 fa e ne e reka seabe sa ga Lew ka didolara di le dikete tse 200 tsa Amerika.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Verrender|date=2014-06-24|title=Woolworths' offer to buy Lew out of Country Road raises questions|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-24/woolworths-offer-to-buy-lew-out-of-country-road-raises-questions/5547308|accessdate=2024-02-17}}</ref> <ref>Greenblat, Eli (25 July 2014). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/solomon-lew-accepts-country-road-offer-ending-17-year-battle-20140725-zwyys.html "Solomon Lew accepts Country Road offer, ending 17 year battle".] [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, lebentlele la Woolworths e ne ya reka kgwebo ya mabentlele a magolo ya Australia e bong [[:en:David_Jones_(department_store)|David Jones]] ka diranta di le dikete di le pedi ntlha nngwe tsa Astralia. David Jones o ne a rekisediwa setlamo sa sephiri sa [[:en:Anchorage_Capital_Partners|Anchorage Capital Partners]] ka Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2023.<ref>Koehn, Emma (19 December 2022). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/storied-history-david-jones-gets-new-owners-just-in-time-for-christmas-20221219-p5c7df.html "'Storied history': David Jones gets new owners just in time for Christmas"]. [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la Dijo la Woolworths kwa [[Durbanville]], [[Kapa Bophirima|Western Cape]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2025 , Woolworths e ne ya simolola tirisanommogo ya yone ya Woolies After Dark le [[:en:Uber_Eats|Uber Eats]]. Go bonala kwa maemelong a dijo a tlhopilweng a Woolworths mo mafelong a leokwane a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]], tirelo e e ile ya dira gore go isiwe dithoto ko malapeng go fitlhela bosigogare, go feta dioura dipe tse di tlwaelesegileng tsa lebentlele la morekisi ope.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/article/woolies-after-dark-is-now-available-through-uber-eats-258567a "Woolies After Dark is now available through Uber Eats"]. Bizcommunity.com. 11 March 2025. Retrieved 29 October 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Entrance to Woolworths Food Store and Cafe in Claremont, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths le WCafe e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo lefelong la mabentlele la Palmyra Junction, kwa [[Claremont, Cape Town|Claremont]], [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi 2025, Woolies e ne ya bula sebopego se sešwa sa lebentlele – Lebenkele la Dijo la Woolworths – le le nang le lefelo la ntlha kwa [[:en:Durbanville|Durbanville]], kwa [[:en:Western_Cape|Western Cape]]. Lebentlele le e ne ya nna lone le le sa tswang go dirwa [[:en:Flagship|le legolo le le emelang komponi]] . Lebentlele le ga le le legolo fela go feta lebentlele le le tlwaelesegileng la dijo tsa Woolworths mme gape le agilwe ka mokgwa o o neelang bareki maitemogelo a a kgetegileng fa ba reka. Thulaganyo e sa tswang go dirwa e akaretsa mafelo a a kgethegileng a a akaretsang lefelo la [[:en:Florist|morekisi wa dithunya]], lefelo la tirelo le le nang le go apaya ka tlhamalalo fa pele ga bareki, morekisi wa ditlhapi, karolo ya dimonamone, mafelo a dijo a Italy le Mexico, le karolo ya mofine ya WCellar.<ref>capeetc (7 July 2025). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/woolworths-opens-first-of-its-kind-food-emporium-in-cape-town/ "Woolworths opens first-of-its-kind Food Emporium in Cape Town"]. Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 11 September 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2026, Woolworths e ne ya itsise gore e ne e leka go itlhatlhoba kwa lebentleleng la yone kwa [[:en:Foreshore,_Cape_Town|Foreshore]], kwa [[:en:Cape_Town|Capetown]]. Morekisi o ne a ikaeletse go bona gore a lefelo la go duela ka bonako e le nngwe fela e ka thusa go fokotsa mela ya nako ya dijo tsa motshegare. Mmueledi wa Woolworths o buile gore teko ya teng ga ena go go ntsha maemo a [[:en:Cashier|baduedisi]] le gore babereki bape ba ab amegang ba tla fiwa katiso e nngwe gape abo ba abelwa maemo a mangwe gape mo lebentleleng.<ref>Angelica Rhoda (21 February 2026). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/shopping/woolworths-pilots-self-service-checkout-cape-town/ "Woolworths pilots self-service checkout in Cape Town".] Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Kgato e e ne ya latela teko ya dikolotsana tse di botlhale tsa go reka ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2025 ke morekisi yo o gaisanang wa [[:en:Checkers_(supermarket_chain)|Checkers]].<ref>Terri-Ann Brouwers (21 August 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/checkers-trials-sas-first-smart-trolley-with-built-in-checkout/ "Checkers trials SA's first smart trolley with built-in checkout".] Moneyweb. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2026, go ne ga itsisiwe fa Roy Bagattini a tla rola tiro jaaka mokhuduthamaga wa Woolworths kwa mafelong a Lwetse 2026, morago ga dingwaga di feta thataro mo maemong ao. O tla latelelwa ke mokhuduthamaga wa jaanong wa lephata la Dijo la Woolworths, Sam Ngumeni. <ref>Nick Wilson (12 March 2026). [https://www.news24.com/business/companies/woolworths-has-a-new-ceo-as-bagattini-retires-20260312-0505 "Woolworths has a new CEO as Bagattini retires"]. news24. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref>Gape ka Mopitlo, Woolworths e ne ya gapa In2Food, e e leng moabi wa nako e telele wa dijo tsa yone tsa maemo a a kwa godimo.<ref>Dludla, Nqobile (17 March 2026). [https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africas-woolworths-acquires-longtime-supplier-in2food-2026-03-17/ "South Africa's Woolworths buys longtime supplier in2food"]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved 19 March 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2026, go begilwe gore Woolworths e dirisana mmogo le setlhopha sa [[:en:Takealot_Group|Takealot]] mo ditirelong tsa bobolokelo le kabo, tsa Woolworths Online. Setlhopha se gape se ne se dirisa setlamo sa Takealot sa go isa dilwana Rre D, go isa dilwana go tswa kwa [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] e e leng ya Woolworths.<ref>Luke Fraser (30 June 2026). [https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/864995/takealot-delivering-woolworths-products-in-south-africa/ "Takealot Group delivering Woolworths products in South Africa"]. BusinessTech. Retrieved 3 July 2026.</ref> dku3es7f3bgvvzheswzn74msn7b2th8 52165 52159 2026-07-08T14:43:09Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke fetotse tsebe e #wikipedi25bw 52165 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Woolworths''' ( semmuso '''Woolworths Holdings Limited''', mme ka puo ya tlwaelo e itsege jaaka '''Woolies''' ) ke kompone ya thekiso ya Aforikaborwa e e dirang mo dinageng di le dintsi , e e naleng ntlokgolo ya yone kwa [[Cape Town]] . E tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa 1931, kompone e ke ya [[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo a dikarolo tse di farologaneng]] a manobonobo a Aforikaborwa le [[:en:Grocery_store|ketane ya dilwana tsa mo gae ya]] Woolworths, morekisi wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Country Road]], le ketane ya [[:en:Pet_store|mabentlele a magolo go gaisa otlhe a diruiwa tsa]] mo gae mo Aforikaborwa, e e leng [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]].<ref>Moneyweb (30 September 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/in-battle-for-pets-shoprite-is-catching-woolies-fast/ "In battle for pets, Shoprite is catching Woolies fast". Moneyweb.] Retrieved 5 October 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka 2025, setlhopha seno se thapa batho ba ka nna dikete di le masome a mararo le bobedi. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2024 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/whlfy24.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Karolo ya Aforika Borwa ya Woolworths e akaretsa kgwebo ya [[:en:Luxury_goods|dithoto tsa manobonobo]], go akaretsa le mokgwa wa diaparo, dithoto tsa mo gae, le didirisiwa tsa bontle. Mabenkele a a ikemetseng a dijo le "mafelo a go emela go reka dijo" tse di gokeletsweng mo mafelong a thekiso ya lookwane tsa [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] di mo mafelong a toropokgolo go ralala Aforika Borwa. Karolo e kgolo ya setlhopha, Woolworths Financial Services (WFS), e fa bareki dikarata tsa mabentlele, dikarata tsa sekoloto, dikadimo tse di dikologang le tshoreletso ya diruiwa tsa mo gae. Mo ngwageng wa yona wa matlole wa 2024, WFS e ne e na le karolo ya bone ya lotseno lwa Woolworths. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2025, Woolworths e na le palogotlhe ya mafelo a le sekete le makgolo a matlhano le masome a le borobabone le bongwe . Kompone e tsamaisa mabentlele a dijo a le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro le borataro le mabentlele a magolo a le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano mo Aforika Borwa, mmogo le palogotlhe ya mabentlele a le masome a borobabongwe le bosupa mo mabentleleng a yone a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] le mabentlele a le masome a brobabongwe le boraro go ralala Aforika yotlhe. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Kompone gape e tsamaisa mabentlele a [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] a le lekgolo le masome a borobabobedi le mabentlele a Country Road a makgolo a thataro le masome a mararo (nasome a borobabobedi le borobabobedi a mo Aforika Borwa, mme a setseng a le ko Australasia). Ka kakaretso, go tloga ka ngwaga wa yone wa madi wa 2025, Woolworths e na le lefelo la kgwebisano le le akaretsang selekanyo sa boleele jwa dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete di le makgolo a le borobabobedi le masome a mararo le bobedi (dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete dile sekete di le borobarobedi le makgolo a borobabongwe le masome a marataro). <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf "Annual Financial Statements, 2025"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings. September 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Karolo ya masome a le borobabobedi le borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya mabentlele a Woolworths a mo Aforika, mme karolo ya lesome le bongwe le bongwe mo lekgolong e e setseng e kwa Australia. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf "Integrated Annual Report, 2024"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Woolworths gape e na le WCafe, e leng ketane ya mabentlele a kofi a ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi a di farologaneng ka bogolo  – go tswa mo mafelong a bojelo a a nang le tirelo e e tletseng, a go nniwang fa fatshe, go ya kwa dibareng tsa kofi tse di nang le lefelo la go duela tsa tsone tse di kopantsweng mo mabentleleng a Woolworths, go ya kwa mafelong a mannye [[:en:Barista|a modiri wa kofi]] kwa ntle ga mabentlele a a rileng a dijo. Mabentlele a a kofi gape a thusa go tsamaisa ditaelo tsa dijo tsa borotho. WCafe ke letshwao le le itsegeng thata mo teng ga lefelo la kgwebo la matlo a kofi a Aforika Borwa mme le gareng ga tse di nang le palo e e kwa godimo ya mabentlele. <ref name="WCafe">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=WCafe |url=https://www.woolworths.co.za/cat/_/N-pjgm5f |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Woolworths}}</ref> <ref name="New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town">{{Cite web |last=Leigh Champanis-King |date=20 August 2024 |title=New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town |url=https://www.eatout.co.za/article/new-wcafe-opens-palmyra-junction-cape-town/ |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Eat Out}}</ref> == Ditaragalo tsa bogologolo == [[File:Woolworths_first_store_in_The_Royal_Hotel,_Plein_Street.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la ntlha la Woolworths, mo lefelong la bojelo le le maphatsiphatsi la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya The Royal, kwa motseng wa Cape Town]] E tlhomilwe ke [[:en:Max_Sonnenberg|Max Sonnenberg]], Woolworths e ne ya bula dikgoro tsa yone la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1931 mo Mmileng wa Plein, [[Cape Town|motse wa Cape Town]], mo lefelong la bojelo la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya Royal e e sa tswang go tswalwa. Katlego ya yone ya ntlha e ne ya dira gore go bulwe mabentlele a mangwe a mabedi mo kgaolong ya Cape. <ref name="News24History">{{Cite news|title=6 great South African businesses older than the rand|url=https://www.news24.com/brandstory/partner-content/6-great-south-african-businesses-older-than-the-rand-20210217|date=17 February 2021|access-date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Go ise go ye kae go ne ga bonala sentle gore kgwebo e ntšha eno e na le bokgoni jwa go atologa mo nageng yotlhe, le fa kwa tshimologong go tlhoka madi go ne go kgoreletsa tsholofelo eno. Tsala ya ga Sonnenberg, Elie Susman, o ne a tlamela ka matlole a a tlhokegang go atolosa go tsena mo [[:en:Transvaal_(province)|kgaolo ya Transvaal]] mme morago ga moo a nna molekane wa gagwe wa kgwebo. <ref name="BusinessTechSusman">{{Cite web |title=From a 1930s dining hall to one of the biggest household names in South Africa |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/791272/from-a-1930s-dining-hall-to-one-of-the-biggest-household-names-in-south-africa/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=BusinessTech}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Florist_and_Fresh_Produce_Sections_of_the_Woolworths_Food_Emporium_in_Durbanville,_Cape_Town.jpg|thumb|Dikarolo tsa barekisi ba dithunya le dijo tsa dijalo tse di itekanetseng tsa Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Tlhopho ya leina e simolotse mo botsalanong jwa ga Sonnenberg le moromedi wa Lontone le mothusi wa matlole, Percy (P.R.) Lewis. Lewis e ne e le mokaedi wa Mabentlele a Diketane a kwa Australasia (ACS), e leng ntlo ya dikepe le ya madi kwa Lontone e e neng ya tlhongwa go direla kgwebo ya Australia e e neng e gola ka bonako e e neng ya tlhongwa ke W.T. Christmas. <ref name="SAResearcherNaming">{{Cite web |title=The Woolworths South Africa story |url=https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=South African Researcher}}</ref> Batho ba ba romelang dithoto kwa Lontone ba ne ba tlhola ba thusa ka madi le go tlhopha dithoto tse di sa bonweng, tse morago ga moo di neng di romelwa kwa bareking ba bone. Ka kompone ya Amerika (e jaanong e sa tlholeng e le teng) ya F.W. Woolworth Company e ne e sena kgatlhego ya go gweba kwa Australia, "Rre" Christmas – jaaka a ne a itsege – o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe e ntšhwa. Lewis o ne a akantsha Sonnenberg gore ACS e ka tlaleletsa pampiri ya ya ga "Rre" Christmas le go romela selekanyo se se fokoditsweng sa sengwe le sengwe se se latelanang go tswa kwa Australia go ya kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ "The Woolworths South Africa story]". ''South African Researcher''. Retrieved 10 January 2026.</ref> Go ya ka se, Sonnenberg o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe. Dingwaga di le pedi moragonyana, kgotlatshekelo ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya atlhola gore go ne go tlhomilwe bopelonomi jo bo lekaneng go kgaola taelo e e neng e tlisitswe ke morekisi wa lefatshe la America kgatlhanong le tiriso ya leina leo.<ref>Susman, David (2004). ''An African Shopkeeper''. Cape Town: Fernwood Press. p.&#x20;27. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-874950-78-3|978-1-874950-78-3]]</bdi>.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Pasta Section of the Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Karolo ya dijo ya Italy le ya Mexico ya Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Ka ngwaga wa 1998, Woolworths e ne ya nna le karolo ya taolo mo morekising wa diaparo wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_(retailer)|Country Road]] . Le fa go ntse jalo, kompone e ne ya palelwa ke go tsaya Country Road e [[:en:Private_limited_company|se ya setšhaba]] ka ntlha ya go gana ga ga [[:en:Solomon_Lew|Solomon Lew]] go rekisa seabe sa gagwe sa dikarolo di le lesome le motso le masome a marataro le bosupa mo go lekgolong mo kgwebong. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Simon |date=1999-11-26 |title=$80m debt load sinks Sportsgirl |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/80m-debt-load-sinks-sportsgirl-19991126-k92ri |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=[[Australian Financial Review]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Treadgold |first=Tim |date=1999-07-09 |title=Out of South Africa |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/out-of-south-africa-19990709-kb4yn |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Australian Financial Review |language=en}}</ref> Woolworths e ne ya nna mong ka botlalo wa Country Road ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa 2014 fa e ne e reka seabe sa ga Lew ka didolara di le dikete tse 200 tsa Amerika.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Verrender|date=2014-06-24|title=Woolworths' offer to buy Lew out of Country Road raises questions|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-24/woolworths-offer-to-buy-lew-out-of-country-road-raises-questions/5547308|accessdate=2024-02-17}}</ref> <ref>Greenblat, Eli (25 July 2014). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/solomon-lew-accepts-country-road-offer-ending-17-year-battle-20140725-zwyys.html "Solomon Lew accepts Country Road offer, ending 17 year battle".] [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, lebentlele la Woolworths e ne ya reka kgwebo ya mabentlele a magolo ya Australia e bong [[:en:David_Jones_(department_store)|David Jones]] ka diranta di le dikete di le pedi ntlha nngwe tsa Astralia. David Jones o ne a rekisediwa setlamo sa sephiri sa [[:en:Anchorage_Capital_Partners|Anchorage Capital Partners]] ka Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2023.<ref>Koehn, Emma (19 December 2022). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/storied-history-david-jones-gets-new-owners-just-in-time-for-christmas-20221219-p5c7df.html "'Storied history': David Jones gets new owners just in time for Christmas"]. [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la Dijo la Woolworths kwa [[Durbanville]], [[Kapa Bophirima|Western Cape]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2025 , Woolworths e ne ya simolola tirisanommogo ya yone ya Woolies After Dark le [[:en:Uber_Eats|Uber Eats]]. Go bonala kwa maemelong a dijo a tlhopilweng a Woolworths mo mafelong a leokwane a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]], tirelo e e ile ya dira gore go isiwe dithoto ko malapeng go fitlhela bosigogare, go feta dioura dipe tse di tlwaelesegileng tsa lebentlele la morekisi ope.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/article/woolies-after-dark-is-now-available-through-uber-eats-258567a "Woolies After Dark is now available through Uber Eats"]. Bizcommunity.com. 11 March 2025. Retrieved 29 October 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Entrance to Woolworths Food Store and Cafe in Claremont, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths le WCafe e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo lefelong la mabentlele la Palmyra Junction, kwa [[Claremont, Cape Town|Claremont]], [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi 2025, Woolies e ne ya bula sebopego se sešwa sa lebentlele – Lebenkele la Dijo la Woolworths – le le nang le lefelo la ntlha kwa [[:en:Durbanville|Durbanville]], kwa [[:en:Western_Cape|Western Cape]]. Lebentlele le e ne ya nna lone le le sa tswang go dirwa [[:en:Flagship|le legolo le le emelang komponi]] . Lebentlele le ga le le legolo fela go feta lebentlele le le tlwaelesegileng la dijo tsa Woolworths mme gape le agilwe ka mokgwa o o neelang bareki maitemogelo a a kgetegileng fa ba reka. Thulaganyo e sa tswang go dirwa e akaretsa mafelo a a kgethegileng a a akaretsang lefelo la [[:en:Florist|morekisi wa dithunya]], lefelo la tirelo le le nang le go apaya ka tlhamalalo fa pele ga bareki, morekisi wa ditlhapi, karolo ya dimonamone, mafelo a dijo a Italy le Mexico, le karolo ya mofine ya WCellar.<ref>capeetc (7 July 2025). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/woolworths-opens-first-of-its-kind-food-emporium-in-cape-town/ "Woolworths opens first-of-its-kind Food Emporium in Cape Town"]. Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 11 September 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2026, Woolworths e ne ya itsise gore e ne e leka go itlhatlhoba kwa lebentleleng la yone kwa [[:en:Foreshore,_Cape_Town|Foreshore]], kwa [[:en:Cape_Town|Capetown]]. Morekisi o ne a ikaeletse go bona gore a lefelo la go duela ka bonako e le nngwe fela e ka thusa go fokotsa mela ya nako ya dijo tsa motshegare. Mmueledi wa Woolworths o buile gore teko ya teng ga ena go go ntsha maemo a [[:en:Cashier|baduedisi]] le gore babereki bape ba ab amegang ba tla fiwa katiso e nngwe gape abo ba abelwa maemo a mangwe gape mo lebentleleng.<ref>Angelica Rhoda (21 February 2026). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/shopping/woolworths-pilots-self-service-checkout-cape-town/ "Woolworths pilots self-service checkout in Cape Town".] Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Kgato e e ne ya latela teko ya dikolotsana tse di botlhale tsa go reka ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2025 ke morekisi yo o gaisanang wa [[:en:Checkers_(supermarket_chain)|Checkers]].<ref>Terri-Ann Brouwers (21 August 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/checkers-trials-sas-first-smart-trolley-with-built-in-checkout/ "Checkers trials SA's first smart trolley with built-in checkout".] Moneyweb. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2026, go ne ga itsisiwe fa Roy Bagattini a tla rola tiro jaaka mokhuduthamaga wa Woolworths kwa mafelong a Lwetse 2026, morago ga dingwaga di feta thataro mo maemong ao. O tla latelelwa ke mokhuduthamaga wa jaanong wa lephata la Dijo la Woolworths, Sam Ngumeni. <ref>Nick Wilson (12 March 2026). [https://www.news24.com/business/companies/woolworths-has-a-new-ceo-as-bagattini-retires-20260312-0505 "Woolworths has a new CEO as Bagattini retires"]. news24. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref>Gape ka Mopitlo, Woolworths e ne ya gapa In2Food, e e leng moabi wa nako e telele wa dijo tsa yone tsa maemo a a kwa godimo.<ref>Dludla, Nqobile (17 March 2026). [https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africas-woolworths-acquires-longtime-supplier-in2food-2026-03-17/ "South Africa's Woolworths buys longtime supplier in2food"]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved 19 March 2026.</ref> * Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2026, go begilwe gore Woolworths e dirisana mmogo le setlhopha sa [[:en:Takealot_Group|Takealot]] mo ditirelong tsa bobolokelo le kabo, tsa Woolworths Online. Setlhopha se gape se ne se dirisa setlamo sa Takealot sa go isa dilwana Rre D, go isa dilwana go tswa kwa [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] e e leng ya Woolworths.<ref>Luke Fraser (30 June 2026). [https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/864995/takealot-delivering-woolworths-products-in-south-africa/ "Takealot Group delivering Woolworths products in South Africa"]. BusinessTech. Retrieved 3 July 2026.</ref> == Ditiro == [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Store Entrance in 3Arts Village, Plumstead, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths le WCafe e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo lefelong la mabentlele la Palmyra Junction, kwa [[Claremont, Cape Town|Claremont]], [[Cape Town]]]] Woolies e na le mefuta ya mabentlele a farologaneng, go akaretsa: <ref name=":0">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/overview/whl/ "The WHL Group".] Woolworths. Retrieved 11 September 2025.</ref> * Woolworths ([[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo]] a a nang le dijo, diaparo le didirisiwa tsa mo gae) * Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths (mabenkele a magolo a [[:en:Grocery|dijo tsa ko lapeng]]) * Dijo tsa Woolworths (mabenkele a magareng a korosari) * Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths (mabenkele a mannye a korosari) * WCafé ([[:en:Coffeehouse|matlo a kofi]]) * [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Diruiwa tsa mo gae tse di feletseng]] ([[:en:Pet_store|mabenkele a diruiwa tsa mo gae)]] Kompone eo gape e tsamaisa Ditirelo tsa madi tsa Woolworths, mmogo le [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Setlhopha sa Ditsela tsa Naga .]]<ref name=":0" /> 6ovlww9v46yp8qi7g459t2qrdbmj58w 52166 52165 2026-07-08T15:04:17Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #wikipedia25bw 52166 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Woolworths''' ( semmuso '''Woolworths Holdings Limited''', mme ka puo ya tlwaelo e itsege jaaka '''Woolies''' ) ke kompone ya thekiso ya Aforikaborwa e e dirang mo dinageng di le dintsi , e e naleng ntlokgolo ya yone kwa [[Cape Town]] . E tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa 1931, kompone e ke ya [[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo a dikarolo tse di farologaneng]] a manobonobo a Aforikaborwa le [[:en:Grocery_store|ketane ya dilwana tsa mo gae ya]] Woolworths, morekisi wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Country Road]], le ketane ya [[:en:Pet_store|mabentlele a magolo go gaisa otlhe a diruiwa tsa]] mo gae mo Aforikaborwa, e e leng [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]].<ref>Moneyweb (30 September 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/in-battle-for-pets-shoprite-is-catching-woolies-fast/ "In battle for pets, Shoprite is catching Woolies fast". Moneyweb.] Retrieved 5 October 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka 2025, setlhopha seno se thapa batho ba ka nna dikete di le masome a mararo le bobedi. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2024 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/whlfy24.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Karolo ya Aforika Borwa ya Woolworths e akaretsa kgwebo ya [[:en:Luxury_goods|dithoto tsa manobonobo]], go akaretsa le mokgwa wa diaparo, dithoto tsa mo gae, le didirisiwa tsa bontle. Mabenkele a a ikemetseng a dijo le "mafelo a go emela go reka dijo" tse di gokeletsweng mo mafelong a thekiso ya lookwane tsa [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] di mo mafelong a toropokgolo go ralala Aforika Borwa. Karolo e kgolo ya setlhopha, Woolworths Financial Services (WFS), e fa bareki dikarata tsa mabentlele, dikarata tsa sekoloto, dikadimo tse di dikologang le tshoreletso ya diruiwa tsa mo gae. Mo ngwageng wa yona wa matlole wa 2024, WFS e ne e na le karolo ya bone ya lotseno lwa Woolworths. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2025, Woolworths e na le palogotlhe ya mafelo a le sekete le makgolo a matlhano le masome a le borobabone le bongwe . Kompone e tsamaisa mabentlele a dijo a le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro le borataro le mabentlele a magolo a le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano mo Aforika Borwa, mmogo le palogotlhe ya mabentlele a le masome a borobabongwe le bosupa mo mabentleleng a yone a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] le mabentlele a le masome a brobabongwe le boraro go ralala Aforika yotlhe. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Kompone gape e tsamaisa mabentlele a [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] a le lekgolo le masome a borobabobedi le mabentlele a Country Road a makgolo a thataro le masome a mararo (nasome a borobabobedi le borobabobedi a mo Aforika Borwa, mme a setseng a le ko Australasia). Ka kakaretso, go tloga ka ngwaga wa yone wa madi wa 2025, Woolworths e na le lefelo la kgwebisano le le akaretsang selekanyo sa boleele jwa dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete di le makgolo a le borobabobedi le masome a mararo le bobedi (dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete dile sekete di le borobarobedi le makgolo a borobabongwe le masome a marataro). <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf "Annual Financial Statements, 2025"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings. September 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Karolo ya masome a le borobabobedi le borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya mabentlele a Woolworths a mo Aforika, mme karolo ya lesome le bongwe le bongwe mo lekgolong e e setseng e kwa Australia. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf "Integrated Annual Report, 2024"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Woolworths gape e na le WCafe, e leng ketane ya mabentlele a kofi a ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi a di farologaneng ka bogolo  – go tswa mo mafelong a bojelo a a nang le tirelo e e tletseng, a go nniwang fa fatshe, go ya kwa dibareng tsa kofi tse di nang le lefelo la go duela tsa tsone tse di kopantsweng mo mabentleleng a Woolworths, go ya kwa mafelong a mannye [[:en:Barista|a modiri wa kofi]] kwa ntle ga mabentlele a a rileng a dijo. Mabentlele a a kofi gape a thusa go tsamaisa ditaelo tsa dijo tsa borotho. WCafe ke letshwao le le itsegeng thata mo teng ga lefelo la kgwebo la matlo a kofi a Aforika Borwa mme le gareng ga tse di nang le palo e e kwa godimo ya mabentlele. <ref name="WCafe">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=WCafe |url=https://www.woolworths.co.za/cat/_/N-pjgm5f |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Woolworths}}</ref> <ref name="New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town">{{Cite web |last=Leigh Champanis-King |date=20 August 2024 |title=New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town |url=https://www.eatout.co.za/article/new-wcafe-opens-palmyra-junction-cape-town/ |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Eat Out}}</ref> == Ditaragalo tsa bogologolo == [[File:Woolworths_first_store_in_The_Royal_Hotel,_Plein_Street.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la ntlha la Woolworths, mo lefelong la bojelo le le maphatsiphatsi la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya The Royal, kwa motseng wa Cape Town]] E tlhomilwe ke [[:en:Max_Sonnenberg|Max Sonnenberg]], Woolworths e ne ya bula dikgoro tsa yone la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1931 mo Mmileng wa Plein, [[Cape Town|motse wa Cape Town]], mo lefelong la bojelo la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya Royal e e sa tswang go tswalwa. Katlego ya yone ya ntlha e ne ya dira gore go bulwe mabentlele a mangwe a mabedi mo kgaolong ya Cape. <ref name="News24History">{{Cite news|title=6 great South African businesses older than the rand|url=https://www.news24.com/brandstory/partner-content/6-great-south-african-businesses-older-than-the-rand-20210217|date=17 February 2021|access-date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Go ise go ye kae go ne ga bonala sentle gore kgwebo e ntšha eno e na le bokgoni jwa go atologa mo nageng yotlhe, le fa kwa tshimologong go tlhoka madi go ne go kgoreletsa tsholofelo eno. Tsala ya ga Sonnenberg, Elie Susman, o ne a tlamela ka matlole a a tlhokegang go atolosa go tsena mo [[:en:Transvaal_(province)|kgaolo ya Transvaal]] mme morago ga moo a nna molekane wa gagwe wa kgwebo. <ref name="BusinessTechSusman">{{Cite web |title=From a 1930s dining hall to one of the biggest household names in South Africa |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/791272/from-a-1930s-dining-hall-to-one-of-the-biggest-household-names-in-south-africa/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=BusinessTech}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Florist_and_Fresh_Produce_Sections_of_the_Woolworths_Food_Emporium_in_Durbanville,_Cape_Town.jpg|thumb|Dikarolo tsa barekisi ba dithunya le dijo tsa dijalo tse di itekanetseng tsa Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Tlhopho ya leina e simolotse mo botsalanong jwa ga Sonnenberg le moromedi wa Lontone le mothusi wa matlole, Percy (P.R.) Lewis. Lewis e ne e le mokaedi wa Mabentlele a Diketane a kwa Australasia (ACS), e leng ntlo ya dikepe le ya madi kwa Lontone e e neng ya tlhongwa go direla kgwebo ya Australia e e neng e gola ka bonako e e neng ya tlhongwa ke W.T. Christmas. <ref name="SAResearcherNaming">{{Cite web |title=The Woolworths South Africa story |url=https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=South African Researcher}}</ref> Batho ba ba romelang dithoto kwa Lontone ba ne ba tlhola ba thusa ka madi le go tlhopha dithoto tse di sa bonweng, tse morago ga moo di neng di romelwa kwa bareking ba bone. Ka kompone ya Amerika (e jaanong e sa tlholeng e le teng) ya F.W. Woolworth Company e ne e sena kgatlhego ya go gweba kwa Australia, "Rre" Christmas – jaaka a ne a itsege – o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe e ntšhwa. Lewis o ne a akantsha Sonnenberg gore ACS e ka tlaleletsa pampiri ya ya ga "Rre" Christmas le go romela selekanyo se se fokoditsweng sa sengwe le sengwe se se latelanang go tswa kwa Australia go ya kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ "The Woolworths South Africa story]". ''South African Researcher''. Retrieved 10 January 2026.</ref> Go ya ka se, Sonnenberg o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe. Dingwaga di le pedi moragonyana, kgotlatshekelo ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya atlhola gore go ne go tlhomilwe bopelonomi jo bo lekaneng go kgaola taelo e e neng e tlisitswe ke morekisi wa lefatshe la America kgatlhanong le tiriso ya leina leo.<ref>Susman, David (2004). ''An African Shopkeeper''. Cape Town: Fernwood Press. p.&#x20;27. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-874950-78-3|978-1-874950-78-3]]</bdi>.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Pasta Section of the Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Karolo ya dijo ya Italy le ya Mexico ya Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Ka ngwaga wa 1998, Woolworths e ne ya nna le karolo ya taolo mo morekising wa diaparo wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_(retailer)|Country Road]] . Le fa go ntse jalo, kompone e ne ya palelwa ke go tsaya Country Road e [[:en:Private_limited_company|se ya setšhaba]] ka ntlha ya go gana ga ga [[:en:Solomon_Lew|Solomon Lew]] go rekisa seabe sa gagwe sa dikarolo di le lesome le motso le masome a marataro le bosupa mo go lekgolong mo kgwebong. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Simon |date=1999-11-26 |title=$80m debt load sinks Sportsgirl |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/80m-debt-load-sinks-sportsgirl-19991126-k92ri |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=[[Australian Financial Review]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Treadgold |first=Tim |date=1999-07-09 |title=Out of South Africa |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/out-of-south-africa-19990709-kb4yn |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Australian Financial Review |language=en}}</ref> Woolworths e ne ya nna mong ka botlalo wa Country Road ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa 2014 fa e ne e reka seabe sa ga Lew ka didolara di le dikete tse 200 tsa Amerika.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Verrender|date=2014-06-24|title=Woolworths' offer to buy Lew out of Country Road raises questions|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-24/woolworths-offer-to-buy-lew-out-of-country-road-raises-questions/5547308|accessdate=2024-02-17}}</ref> <ref>Greenblat, Eli (25 July 2014). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/solomon-lew-accepts-country-road-offer-ending-17-year-battle-20140725-zwyys.html "Solomon Lew accepts Country Road offer, ending 17 year battle".] [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, lebentlele la Woolworths e ne ya reka kgwebo ya mabentlele a magolo ya Australia e bong [[:en:David_Jones_(department_store)|David Jones]] ka diranta di le dikete di le pedi ntlha nngwe tsa Astralia. David Jones o ne a rekisediwa setlamo sa sephiri sa [[:en:Anchorage_Capital_Partners|Anchorage Capital Partners]] ka Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2023.<ref>Koehn, Emma (19 December 2022). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/storied-history-david-jones-gets-new-owners-just-in-time-for-christmas-20221219-p5c7df.html "'Storied history': David Jones gets new owners just in time for Christmas"]. [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la Dijo la Woolworths kwa [[Durbanville]], [[Kapa Bophirima|Western Cape]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2025 , Woolworths e ne ya simolola tirisanommogo ya yone ya Woolies After Dark le [[:en:Uber_Eats|Uber Eats]]. Go bonala kwa maemelong a dijo a tlhopilweng a Woolworths mo mafelong a leokwane a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]], tirelo e e ile ya dira gore go isiwe dithoto ko malapeng go fitlhela bosigogare, go feta dioura dipe tse di tlwaelesegileng tsa lebentlele la morekisi ope.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/article/woolies-after-dark-is-now-available-through-uber-eats-258567a "Woolies After Dark is now available through Uber Eats"]. Bizcommunity.com. 11 March 2025. Retrieved 29 October 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Entrance to Woolworths Food Store and Cafe in Claremont, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths le WCafe e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo lefelong la mabentlele la Palmyra Junction, kwa [[Claremont, Cape Town|Claremont]], [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi 2025, Woolies e ne ya bula sebopego se sešwa sa lebentlele – Lebenkele la Dijo la Woolworths – le le nang le lefelo la ntlha kwa [[:en:Durbanville|Durbanville]], kwa [[:en:Western_Cape|Western Cape]]. Lebentlele le e ne ya nna lone le le sa tswang go dirwa [[:en:Flagship|le legolo le le emelang komponi]] . Lebentlele le ga le le legolo fela go feta lebentlele le le tlwaelesegileng la dijo tsa Woolworths mme gape le agilwe ka mokgwa o o neelang bareki maitemogelo a a kgetegileng fa ba reka. Thulaganyo e sa tswang go dirwa e akaretsa mafelo a a kgethegileng a a akaretsang lefelo la [[:en:Florist|morekisi wa dithunya]], lefelo la tirelo le le nang le go apaya ka tlhamalalo fa pele ga bareki, morekisi wa ditlhapi, karolo ya dimonamone, mafelo a dijo a Italy le Mexico, le karolo ya mofine ya WCellar.<ref>capeetc (7 July 2025). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/woolworths-opens-first-of-its-kind-food-emporium-in-cape-town/ "Woolworths opens first-of-its-kind Food Emporium in Cape Town"]. Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 11 September 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2026, Woolworths e ne ya itsise gore e ne e leka go itlhatlhoba kwa lebentleleng la yone kwa [[:en:Foreshore,_Cape_Town|Foreshore]], kwa [[:en:Cape_Town|Capetown]]. Morekisi o ne a ikaeletse go bona gore a lefelo la go duela ka bonako e le nngwe fela e ka thusa go fokotsa mela ya nako ya dijo tsa motshegare. Mmueledi wa Woolworths o buile gore teko ya teng ga ena go go ntsha maemo a [[:en:Cashier|baduedisi]] le gore babereki bape ba ab amegang ba tla fiwa katiso e nngwe gape abo ba abelwa maemo a mangwe gape mo lebentleleng.<ref>Angelica Rhoda (21 February 2026). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/shopping/woolworths-pilots-self-service-checkout-cape-town/ "Woolworths pilots self-service checkout in Cape Town".] Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Kgato e e ne ya latela teko ya dikolotsana tse di botlhale tsa go reka ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2025 ke morekisi yo o gaisanang wa [[:en:Checkers_(supermarket_chain)|Checkers]].<ref>Terri-Ann Brouwers (21 August 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/checkers-trials-sas-first-smart-trolley-with-built-in-checkout/ "Checkers trials SA's first smart trolley with built-in checkout".] Moneyweb. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2026, go ne ga itsisiwe fa Roy Bagattini a tla rola tiro jaaka mokhuduthamaga wa Woolworths kwa mafelong a Lwetse 2026, morago ga dingwaga di feta thataro mo maemong ao. O tla latelelwa ke mokhuduthamaga wa jaanong wa lephata la Dijo la Woolworths, Sam Ngumeni. <ref>Nick Wilson (12 March 2026). [https://www.news24.com/business/companies/woolworths-has-a-new-ceo-as-bagattini-retires-20260312-0505 "Woolworths has a new CEO as Bagattini retires"]. news24. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref>Gape ka Mopitlo, Woolworths e ne ya gapa In2Food, e e leng moabi wa nako e telele wa dijo tsa yone tsa maemo a a kwa godimo.<ref>Dludla, Nqobile (17 March 2026). [https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africas-woolworths-acquires-longtime-supplier-in2food-2026-03-17/ "South Africa's Woolworths buys longtime supplier in2food"]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved 19 March 2026.</ref> * Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2026, go begilwe gore Woolworths e dirisana mmogo le setlhopha sa [[:en:Takealot_Group|Takealot]] mo ditirelong tsa bobolokelo le kabo, tsa Woolworths Online. Setlhopha se gape se ne se dirisa setlamo sa Takealot sa go isa dilwana Rre D, go isa dilwana go tswa kwa [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] e e leng ya Woolworths.<ref>Luke Fraser (30 June 2026). [https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/864995/takealot-delivering-woolworths-products-in-south-africa/ "Takealot Group delivering Woolworths products in South Africa"]. BusinessTech. Retrieved 3 July 2026.</ref> == Ditiro == [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Store Entrance in 3Arts Village, Plumstead, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths le WCafe e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo lefelong la mabentlele la Palmyra Junction, kwa [[Claremont, Cape Town|Claremont]], [[Cape Town]]]] Woolies e na le mefuta ya mabentlele a farologaneng, go akaretsa: <ref name=":0">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/overview/whl/ "The WHL Group".] Woolworths. Retrieved 11 September 2025.</ref> * Woolworths ([[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo]] a a nang le dijo, diaparo le didirisiwa tsa mo gae) * Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths (mabenkele a magolo a [[:en:Grocery|dijo tsa ko lapeng]]) * Dijo tsa Woolworths (mabenkele a magareng a korosari) * Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths (mabenkele a mannye a korosari) * WCafé ([[:en:Coffeehouse|matlo a kofi]]) * [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Diruiwa tsa mo gae tse di feletseng]] ([[:en:Pet_store|mabenkele a diruiwa tsa mo gae)]] Kompone eo gape e tsamaisa Ditirelo tsa madi tsa Woolworths, mmogo le [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Setlhopha sa Ditsela tsa Naga .]]<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food, Main St. JHB.jpg|thumb|Dijo tsa Woolworths, Mmila o Mogolo wa JHB]] == Letshwaokgebo == Kompone e e rekisa dilwana le mekgabisa le ka fa tlase ga matshwaokgwebo a mmalwa, e akaretsang Studio W, RE:, le Kgatiso, e ntse gape e emetse matshwaokgwebo a sehlopha sa Australia, go akaretsa le Country Road, [[:en:Witchery_(company)|Witchery]], le Trenery.<ref name=":0" /> dxxihugp6ypdkodosgvxtuvy5x8j8ob 52171 52166 2026-07-08T16:55:21Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #wikipedia25bw 52171 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Woolworths''' ( semmuso '''Woolworths Holdings Limited''', mme ka puo ya tlwaelo e itsege jaaka '''Woolies''' ) ke kompone ya thekiso ya Aforikaborwa e e dirang mo dinageng di le dintsi , e e naleng ntlokgolo ya yone kwa [[Cape Town]] . E tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa 1931, kompone e ke ya [[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo a dikarolo tse di farologaneng]] a manobonobo a Aforikaborwa le [[:en:Grocery_store|ketane ya dilwana tsa mo gae ya]] Woolworths, morekisi wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Country Road]], le ketane ya [[:en:Pet_store|mabentlele a magolo go gaisa otlhe a diruiwa tsa]] mo gae mo Aforikaborwa, e e leng [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]].<ref>Moneyweb (30 September 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/in-battle-for-pets-shoprite-is-catching-woolies-fast/ "In battle for pets, Shoprite is catching Woolies fast". Moneyweb.] Retrieved 5 October 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka 2025, setlhopha seno se thapa batho ba ka nna dikete di le masome a mararo le bobedi. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2024 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/whlfy24.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Karolo ya Aforika Borwa ya Woolworths e akaretsa kgwebo ya [[:en:Luxury_goods|dithoto tsa manobonobo]], go akaretsa le mokgwa wa diaparo, dithoto tsa mo gae, le didirisiwa tsa bontle. Mabenkele a a ikemetseng a dijo le "mafelo a go emela go reka dijo" tse di gokeletsweng mo mafelong a thekiso ya lookwane tsa [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] di mo mafelong a toropokgolo go ralala Aforika Borwa. Karolo e kgolo ya setlhopha, Woolworths Financial Services (WFS), e fa bareki dikarata tsa mabentlele, dikarata tsa sekoloto, dikadimo tse di dikologang le tshoreletso ya diruiwa tsa mo gae. Mo ngwageng wa yona wa matlole wa 2024, WFS e ne e na le karolo ya bone ya lotseno lwa Woolworths. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2025, Woolworths e na le palogotlhe ya mafelo a le sekete le makgolo a matlhano le masome a le borobabone le bongwe . Kompone e tsamaisa mabentlele a dijo a le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro le borataro le mabentlele a magolo a le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano mo Aforika Borwa, mmogo le palogotlhe ya mabentlele a le masome a borobabongwe le bosupa mo mabentleleng a yone a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] le mabentlele a le masome a brobabongwe le boraro go ralala Aforika yotlhe. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Kompone gape e tsamaisa mabentlele a [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] a le lekgolo le masome a borobabobedi le mabentlele a Country Road a makgolo a thataro le masome a mararo (nasome a borobabobedi le borobabobedi a mo Aforika Borwa, mme a setseng a le ko Australasia). Ka kakaretso, go tloga ka ngwaga wa yone wa madi wa 2025, Woolworths e na le lefelo la kgwebisano le le akaretsang selekanyo sa boleele jwa dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete di le makgolo a le borobabobedi le masome a mararo le bobedi (dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete dile sekete di le borobarobedi le makgolo a borobabongwe le masome a marataro). <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf "Annual Financial Statements, 2025"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings. September 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Karolo ya masome a le borobabobedi le borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya mabentlele a Woolworths a mo Aforika, mme karolo ya lesome le bongwe le bongwe mo lekgolong e e setseng e kwa Australia. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf "Integrated Annual Report, 2024"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Woolworths gape e na le WCafe, e leng ketane ya mabentlele a kofi a ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi a di farologaneng ka bogolo  – go tswa mo mafelong a bojelo a a nang le tirelo e e tletseng, a go nniwang fa fatshe, go ya kwa dibareng tsa kofi tse di nang le lefelo la go duela tsa tsone tse di kopantsweng mo mabentleleng a Woolworths, go ya kwa mafelong a mannye [[:en:Barista|a modiri wa kofi]] kwa ntle ga mabentlele a a rileng a dijo. Mabentlele a a kofi gape a thusa go tsamaisa ditaelo tsa dijo tsa borotho. WCafe ke letshwao le le itsegeng thata mo teng ga lefelo la kgwebo la matlo a kofi a Aforika Borwa mme le gareng ga tse di nang le palo e e kwa godimo ya mabentlele. <ref name="WCafe">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=WCafe |url=https://www.woolworths.co.za/cat/_/N-pjgm5f |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Woolworths}}</ref> <ref name="New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town">{{Cite web |last=Leigh Champanis-King |date=20 August 2024 |title=New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town |url=https://www.eatout.co.za/article/new-wcafe-opens-palmyra-junction-cape-town/ |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Eat Out}}</ref> == Ditaragalo tsa bogologolo == [[File:Woolworths_first_store_in_The_Royal_Hotel,_Plein_Street.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la ntlha la Woolworths, mo lefelong la bojelo le le maphatsiphatsi la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya The Royal, kwa motseng wa Cape Town]] E tlhomilwe ke [[:en:Max_Sonnenberg|Max Sonnenberg]], Woolworths e ne ya bula dikgoro tsa yone la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1931 mo Mmileng wa Plein, [[Cape Town|motse wa Cape Town]], mo lefelong la bojelo la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya Royal e e sa tswang go tswalwa. Katlego ya yone ya ntlha e ne ya dira gore go bulwe mabentlele a mangwe a mabedi mo kgaolong ya Cape. <ref name="News24History">{{Cite news|title=6 great South African businesses older than the rand|url=https://www.news24.com/brandstory/partner-content/6-great-south-african-businesses-older-than-the-rand-20210217|date=17 February 2021|access-date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Go ise go ye kae go ne ga bonala sentle gore kgwebo e ntšha eno e na le bokgoni jwa go atologa mo nageng yotlhe, le fa kwa tshimologong go tlhoka madi go ne go kgoreletsa tsholofelo eno. Tsala ya ga Sonnenberg, Elie Susman, o ne a tlamela ka matlole a a tlhokegang go atolosa go tsena mo [[:en:Transvaal_(province)|kgaolo ya Transvaal]] mme morago ga moo a nna molekane wa gagwe wa kgwebo. <ref name="BusinessTechSusman">{{Cite web |title=From a 1930s dining hall to one of the biggest household names in South Africa |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/791272/from-a-1930s-dining-hall-to-one-of-the-biggest-household-names-in-south-africa/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=BusinessTech}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Florist_and_Fresh_Produce_Sections_of_the_Woolworths_Food_Emporium_in_Durbanville,_Cape_Town.jpg|thumb|Dikarolo tsa barekisi ba dithunya le dijo tsa dijalo tse di itekanetseng tsa Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Tlhopho ya leina e simolotse mo botsalanong jwa ga Sonnenberg le moromedi wa Lontone le mothusi wa matlole, Percy (P.R.) Lewis. Lewis e ne e le mokaedi wa Mabentlele a Diketane a kwa Australasia (ACS), e leng ntlo ya dikepe le ya madi kwa Lontone e e neng ya tlhongwa go direla kgwebo ya Australia e e neng e gola ka bonako e e neng ya tlhongwa ke W.T. Christmas. <ref name="SAResearcherNaming">{{Cite web |title=The Woolworths South Africa story |url=https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=South African Researcher}}</ref> Batho ba ba romelang dithoto kwa Lontone ba ne ba tlhola ba thusa ka madi le go tlhopha dithoto tse di sa bonweng, tse morago ga moo di neng di romelwa kwa bareking ba bone. Ka kompone ya Amerika (e jaanong e sa tlholeng e le teng) ya F.W. Woolworth Company e ne e sena kgatlhego ya go gweba kwa Australia, "Rre" Christmas – jaaka a ne a itsege – o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe e ntšhwa. Lewis o ne a akantsha Sonnenberg gore ACS e ka tlaleletsa pampiri ya ya ga "Rre" Christmas le go romela selekanyo se se fokoditsweng sa sengwe le sengwe se se latelanang go tswa kwa Australia go ya kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ "The Woolworths South Africa story]". ''South African Researcher''. Retrieved 10 January 2026.</ref> Go ya ka se, Sonnenberg o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe. Dingwaga di le pedi moragonyana, kgotlatshekelo ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya atlhola gore go ne go tlhomilwe bopelonomi jo bo lekaneng go kgaola taelo e e neng e tlisitswe ke morekisi wa lefatshe la America kgatlhanong le tiriso ya leina leo.<ref>Susman, David (2004). ''An African Shopkeeper''. Cape Town: Fernwood Press. p.&#x20;27. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-874950-78-3|978-1-874950-78-3]]</bdi>.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Pasta Section of the Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Karolo ya dijo ya Italy le ya Mexico ya Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Ka ngwaga wa 1998, Woolworths e ne ya nna le karolo ya taolo mo morekising wa diaparo wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_(retailer)|Country Road]] . Le fa go ntse jalo, kompone e ne ya palelwa ke go tsaya Country Road e [[:en:Private_limited_company|se ya setšhaba]] ka ntlha ya go gana ga ga [[:en:Solomon_Lew|Solomon Lew]] go rekisa seabe sa gagwe sa dikarolo di le lesome le motso le masome a marataro le bosupa mo go lekgolong mo kgwebong. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Simon |date=1999-11-26 |title=$80m debt load sinks Sportsgirl |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/80m-debt-load-sinks-sportsgirl-19991126-k92ri |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=[[Australian Financial Review]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Treadgold |first=Tim |date=1999-07-09 |title=Out of South Africa |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/out-of-south-africa-19990709-kb4yn |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Australian Financial Review |language=en}}</ref> Woolworths e ne ya nna mong ka botlalo wa Country Road ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa 2014 fa e ne e reka seabe sa ga Lew ka didolara di le dikete tse 200 tsa Amerika.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Verrender|date=2014-06-24|title=Woolworths' offer to buy Lew out of Country Road raises questions|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-24/woolworths-offer-to-buy-lew-out-of-country-road-raises-questions/5547308|accessdate=2024-02-17}}</ref> <ref>Greenblat, Eli (25 July 2014). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/solomon-lew-accepts-country-road-offer-ending-17-year-battle-20140725-zwyys.html "Solomon Lew accepts Country Road offer, ending 17 year battle".] [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, lebentlele la Woolworths e ne ya reka kgwebo ya mabentlele a magolo ya Australia e bong [[:en:David_Jones_(department_store)|David Jones]] ka diranta di le dikete di le pedi ntlha nngwe tsa Astralia. David Jones o ne a rekisediwa setlamo sa sephiri sa [[:en:Anchorage_Capital_Partners|Anchorage Capital Partners]] ka Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2023.<ref>Koehn, Emma (19 December 2022). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/storied-history-david-jones-gets-new-owners-just-in-time-for-christmas-20221219-p5c7df.html "'Storied history': David Jones gets new owners just in time for Christmas"]. [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la Dijo la Woolworths kwa [[Durbanville]], [[Kapa Bophirima|Western Cape]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2025 , Woolworths e ne ya simolola tirisanommogo ya yone ya Woolies After Dark le [[:en:Uber_Eats|Uber Eats]]. Go bonala kwa maemelong a dijo a tlhopilweng a Woolworths mo mafelong a leokwane a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]], tirelo e e ile ya dira gore go isiwe dithoto ko malapeng go fitlhela bosigogare, go feta dioura dipe tse di tlwaelesegileng tsa lebentlele la morekisi ope.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/article/woolies-after-dark-is-now-available-through-uber-eats-258567a "Woolies After Dark is now available through Uber Eats"]. Bizcommunity.com. 11 March 2025. Retrieved 29 October 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Entrance to Woolworths Food Store and Cafe in Claremont, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths le WCafe e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo lefelong la mabentlele la Palmyra Junction, kwa [[Claremont, Cape Town|Claremont]], [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi 2025, Woolies e ne ya bula sebopego se sešwa sa lebentlele – Lebenkele la Dijo la Woolworths – le le nang le lefelo la ntlha kwa [[:en:Durbanville|Durbanville]], kwa [[:en:Western_Cape|Western Cape]]. Lebentlele le e ne ya nna lone le le sa tswang go dirwa [[:en:Flagship|le legolo le le emelang komponi]] . Lebentlele le ga le le legolo fela go feta lebentlele le le tlwaelesegileng la dijo tsa Woolworths mme gape le agilwe ka mokgwa o o neelang bareki maitemogelo a a kgetegileng fa ba reka. Thulaganyo e sa tswang go dirwa e akaretsa mafelo a a kgethegileng a a akaretsang lefelo la [[:en:Florist|morekisi wa dithunya]], lefelo la tirelo le le nang le go apaya ka tlhamalalo fa pele ga bareki, morekisi wa ditlhapi, karolo ya dimonamone, mafelo a dijo a Italy le Mexico, le karolo ya mofine ya WCellar.<ref>capeetc (7 July 2025). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/woolworths-opens-first-of-its-kind-food-emporium-in-cape-town/ "Woolworths opens first-of-its-kind Food Emporium in Cape Town"]. Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 11 September 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2026, Woolworths e ne ya itsise gore e ne e leka go itlhatlhoba kwa lebentleleng la yone kwa [[:en:Foreshore,_Cape_Town|Foreshore]], kwa [[:en:Cape_Town|Capetown]]. Morekisi o ne a ikaeletse go bona gore a lefelo la go duela ka bonako e le nngwe fela e ka thusa go fokotsa mela ya nako ya dijo tsa motshegare. Mmueledi wa Woolworths o buile gore teko ya teng ga ena go go ntsha maemo a [[:en:Cashier|baduedisi]] le gore babereki bape ba ab amegang ba tla fiwa katiso e nngwe gape abo ba abelwa maemo a mangwe gape mo lebentleleng.<ref>Angelica Rhoda (21 February 2026). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/shopping/woolworths-pilots-self-service-checkout-cape-town/ "Woolworths pilots self-service checkout in Cape Town".] Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Kgato e e ne ya latela teko ya dikolotsana tse di botlhale tsa go reka ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2025 ke morekisi yo o gaisanang wa [[:en:Checkers_(supermarket_chain)|Checkers]].<ref>Terri-Ann Brouwers (21 August 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/checkers-trials-sas-first-smart-trolley-with-built-in-checkout/ "Checkers trials SA's first smart trolley with built-in checkout".] Moneyweb. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2026, go ne ga itsisiwe fa Roy Bagattini a tla rola tiro jaaka mokhuduthamaga wa Woolworths kwa mafelong a Lwetse 2026, morago ga dingwaga di feta thataro mo maemong ao. O tla latelelwa ke mokhuduthamaga wa jaanong wa lephata la Dijo la Woolworths, Sam Ngumeni. <ref>Nick Wilson (12 March 2026). [https://www.news24.com/business/companies/woolworths-has-a-new-ceo-as-bagattini-retires-20260312-0505 "Woolworths has a new CEO as Bagattini retires"]. news24. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref>Gape ka Mopitlo, Woolworths e ne ya gapa In2Food, e e leng moabi wa nako e telele wa dijo tsa yone tsa maemo a a kwa godimo.<ref>Dludla, Nqobile (17 March 2026). [https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africas-woolworths-acquires-longtime-supplier-in2food-2026-03-17/ "South Africa's Woolworths buys longtime supplier in2food"]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved 19 March 2026.</ref> * Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2026, go begilwe gore Woolworths e dirisana mmogo le setlhopha sa [[:en:Takealot_Group|Takealot]] mo ditirelong tsa bobolokelo le kabo, tsa Woolworths Online. Setlhopha se gape se ne se dirisa setlamo sa Takealot sa go isa dilwana Rre D, go isa dilwana go tswa kwa [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] e e leng ya Woolworths.<ref>Luke Fraser (30 June 2026). [https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/864995/takealot-delivering-woolworths-products-in-south-africa/ "Takealot Group delivering Woolworths products in South Africa"]. BusinessTech. Retrieved 3 July 2026.</ref> == Ditiro == [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Store Entrance in 3Arts Village, Plumstead, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths le WCafe e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo lefelong la mabentlele la Palmyra Junction, kwa [[Claremont, Cape Town|Claremont]], [[Cape Town]]]] Woolies e na le mefuta ya mabentlele a farologaneng, go akaretsa: <ref name=":0">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/overview/whl/ "The WHL Group".] Woolworths. Retrieved 11 September 2025.</ref> * Woolworths ([[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo]] a a nang le dijo, diaparo le didirisiwa tsa mo gae) * Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths (mabenkele a magolo a [[:en:Grocery|dijo tsa ko lapeng]]) * Dijo tsa Woolworths (mabenkele a magareng a korosari) * Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths (mabenkele a mannye a korosari) * WCafé ([[:en:Coffeehouse|matlo a kofi]]) * [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Diruiwa tsa mo gae tse di feletseng]] ([[:en:Pet_store|mabenkele a diruiwa tsa mo gae)]] Kompone eo gape e tsamaisa Ditirelo tsa madi tsa Woolworths, mmogo le [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Setlhopha sa Ditsela tsa Naga .]]<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food, Main St. JHB.jpg|thumb|Dijo tsa Woolworths, Mmila o Mogolo wa JHB]] == Letshwaokgebo == Kompone e e rekisa dilwana le mekgabisa le ka fa tlase ga matshwaokgwebo a mmalwa, e akaretsang Studio W, RE:, le Kgatiso, e ntse gape e emetse matshwaokgwebo a sehlopha sa Australia, go akaretsa le Country Road, [[:en:Witchery_(company)|Witchery]], le Trenery.<ref name=":0" /> == Tsa koporase le ngwao == === Mosepele o molemo wa kgwebo === Go tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 2007, kgwebo ya Good Business Journey e ne ipeela seelo se se hapegileng sa go itsetsepela ga setšhaba sa kompone.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/356/145471.html "Woolworths sets Good Business Journey goals for 2020"]. ''www.bizcommunity.com''. Retrieved 31 July 2020.</ref> Gape e ikaelela go netefatsa mokgwa o o tlhomameng wa go bua ka dintlha tsa go itsetsepela go ralala thulaganyo ya yone ya tlamelo ya lefatshe lotlhe, jaaka nngwe ya keletso e e boletsweng ya Woolworths ya go nna morekisi yo o itsetsepetseng go gaisa botlhe mo karolong ya borwa jwa lefatshe.<ref>[https://www.marketscreener.com/WOOLWORTHS-HOLDINGS-LIMIT-1413424/pdf/666225/Woolworths%20Holdings%20Limite_Annual-Report.pdf "Woolworths Holdings Limited Annual Report"] (PDF). ''marketscreener.com''. Retrieved 31 January 2020.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2016, kompone e ne ya tlhagisa mekgele ya yone ya GBJ 2020, e e neng e akaretsa go kopanya thulaganyo e mo dikgwebong tsa setlhopha tsa Australia – tse jaanong di dirang selekanyo karolo ya lekgolo e feta masome a mane tsa thekiso.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/356/145471.html "Woolworths sets Good Business Journey goals for 2020"]. Bizcommunity.com.</ref><ref>[https://www.fin24.com/Company/Woolworths-Holdings-Ltd "Company Snapshot"]. Fin24.</ref> fo21fwiz89xazz9e3dfi5bf8z0c6j0f 52172 52171 2026-07-08T17:19:05Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #wikipedia25bw 52172 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Woolworths''' ( semmuso '''Woolworths Holdings Limited''', mme ka puo ya tlwaelo e itsege jaaka '''Woolies''' ) ke kompone ya thekiso ya Aforikaborwa e e dirang mo dinageng di le dintsi , e e naleng ntlokgolo ya yone kwa [[Cape Town]] . E tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa 1931, kompone e ke ya [[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo a dikarolo tse di farologaneng]] a manobonobo a Aforikaborwa le [[:en:Grocery_store|ketane ya dilwana tsa mo gae ya]] Woolworths, morekisi wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Country Road]], le ketane ya [[:en:Pet_store|mabentlele a magolo go gaisa otlhe a diruiwa tsa]] mo gae mo Aforikaborwa, e e leng [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]].<ref>Moneyweb (30 September 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/in-battle-for-pets-shoprite-is-catching-woolies-fast/ "In battle for pets, Shoprite is catching Woolies fast". Moneyweb.] Retrieved 5 October 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka 2025, setlhopha seno se thapa batho ba ka nna dikete di le masome a mararo le bobedi. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2024 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/whlfy24.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Karolo ya Aforika Borwa ya Woolworths e akaretsa kgwebo ya [[:en:Luxury_goods|dithoto tsa manobonobo]], go akaretsa le mokgwa wa diaparo, dithoto tsa mo gae, le didirisiwa tsa bontle. Mabenkele a a ikemetseng a dijo le "mafelo a go emela go reka dijo" tse di gokeletsweng mo mafelong a thekiso ya lookwane tsa [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] di mo mafelong a toropokgolo go ralala Aforika Borwa. Karolo e kgolo ya setlhopha, Woolworths Financial Services (WFS), e fa bareki dikarata tsa mabentlele, dikarata tsa sekoloto, dikadimo tse di dikologang le tshoreletso ya diruiwa tsa mo gae. Mo ngwageng wa yona wa matlole wa 2024, WFS e ne e na le karolo ya bone ya lotseno lwa Woolworths. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2025, Woolworths e na le palogotlhe ya mafelo a le sekete le makgolo a matlhano le masome a le borobabone le bongwe . Kompone e tsamaisa mabentlele a dijo a le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro le borataro le mabentlele a magolo a le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano mo Aforika Borwa, mmogo le palogotlhe ya mabentlele a le masome a borobabongwe le bosupa mo mabentleleng a yone a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] le mabentlele a le masome a brobabongwe le boraro go ralala Aforika yotlhe. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Kompone gape e tsamaisa mabentlele a [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] a le lekgolo le masome a borobabobedi le mabentlele a Country Road a makgolo a thataro le masome a mararo (nasome a borobabobedi le borobabobedi a mo Aforika Borwa, mme a setseng a le ko Australasia). Ka kakaretso, go tloga ka ngwaga wa yone wa madi wa 2025, Woolworths e na le lefelo la kgwebisano le le akaretsang selekanyo sa boleele jwa dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete di le makgolo a le borobabobedi le masome a mararo le bobedi (dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete dile sekete di le borobarobedi le makgolo a borobabongwe le masome a marataro). <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf "Annual Financial Statements, 2025"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings. September 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Karolo ya masome a le borobabobedi le borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya mabentlele a Woolworths a mo Aforika, mme karolo ya lesome le bongwe le bongwe mo lekgolong e e setseng e kwa Australia. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf "Integrated Annual Report, 2024"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Woolworths gape e na le WCafe, e leng ketane ya mabentlele a kofi a ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi a di farologaneng ka bogolo  – go tswa mo mafelong a bojelo a a nang le tirelo e e tletseng, a go nniwang fa fatshe, go ya kwa dibareng tsa kofi tse di nang le lefelo la go duela tsa tsone tse di kopantsweng mo mabentleleng a Woolworths, go ya kwa mafelong a mannye [[:en:Barista|a modiri wa kofi]] kwa ntle ga mabentlele a a rileng a dijo. Mabentlele a a kofi gape a thusa go tsamaisa ditaelo tsa dijo tsa borotho. WCafe ke letshwao le le itsegeng thata mo teng ga lefelo la kgwebo la matlo a kofi a Aforika Borwa mme le gareng ga tse di nang le palo e e kwa godimo ya mabentlele. <ref name="WCafe">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=WCafe |url=https://www.woolworths.co.za/cat/_/N-pjgm5f |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Woolworths}}</ref> <ref name="New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town">{{Cite web |last=Leigh Champanis-King |date=20 August 2024 |title=New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town |url=https://www.eatout.co.za/article/new-wcafe-opens-palmyra-junction-cape-town/ |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Eat Out}}</ref> == Ditaragalo tsa bogologolo == [[File:Woolworths_first_store_in_The_Royal_Hotel,_Plein_Street.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la ntlha la Woolworths, mo lefelong la bojelo le le maphatsiphatsi la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya The Royal, kwa motseng wa Cape Town]] E tlhomilwe ke [[:en:Max_Sonnenberg|Max Sonnenberg]], Woolworths e ne ya bula dikgoro tsa yone la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1931 mo Mmileng wa Plein, [[Cape Town|motse wa Cape Town]], mo lefelong la bojelo la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya Royal e e sa tswang go tswalwa. Katlego ya yone ya ntlha e ne ya dira gore go bulwe mabentlele a mangwe a mabedi mo kgaolong ya Cape. <ref name="News24History">{{Cite news|title=6 great South African businesses older than the rand|url=https://www.news24.com/brandstory/partner-content/6-great-south-african-businesses-older-than-the-rand-20210217|date=17 February 2021|access-date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Go ise go ye kae go ne ga bonala sentle gore kgwebo e ntšha eno e na le bokgoni jwa go atologa mo nageng yotlhe, le fa kwa tshimologong go tlhoka madi go ne go kgoreletsa tsholofelo eno. Tsala ya ga Sonnenberg, Elie Susman, o ne a tlamela ka matlole a a tlhokegang go atolosa go tsena mo [[:en:Transvaal_(province)|kgaolo ya Transvaal]] mme morago ga moo a nna molekane wa gagwe wa kgwebo. <ref name="BusinessTechSusman">{{Cite web |title=From a 1930s dining hall to one of the biggest household names in South Africa |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/791272/from-a-1930s-dining-hall-to-one-of-the-biggest-household-names-in-south-africa/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=BusinessTech}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Florist_and_Fresh_Produce_Sections_of_the_Woolworths_Food_Emporium_in_Durbanville,_Cape_Town.jpg|thumb|Dikarolo tsa barekisi ba dithunya le dijo tsa dijalo tse di itekanetseng tsa Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Tlhopho ya leina e simolotse mo botsalanong jwa ga Sonnenberg le moromedi wa Lontone le mothusi wa matlole, Percy (P.R.) Lewis. Lewis e ne e le mokaedi wa Mabentlele a Diketane a kwa Australasia (ACS), e leng ntlo ya dikepe le ya madi kwa Lontone e e neng ya tlhongwa go direla kgwebo ya Australia e e neng e gola ka bonako e e neng ya tlhongwa ke W.T. Christmas. <ref name="SAResearcherNaming">{{Cite web |title=The Woolworths South Africa story |url=https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=South African Researcher}}</ref> Batho ba ba romelang dithoto kwa Lontone ba ne ba tlhola ba thusa ka madi le go tlhopha dithoto tse di sa bonweng, tse morago ga moo di neng di romelwa kwa bareking ba bone. Ka kompone ya Amerika (e jaanong e sa tlholeng e le teng) ya F.W. Woolworth Company e ne e sena kgatlhego ya go gweba kwa Australia, "Rre" Christmas – jaaka a ne a itsege – o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe e ntšhwa. Lewis o ne a akantsha Sonnenberg gore ACS e ka tlaleletsa pampiri ya ya ga "Rre" Christmas le go romela selekanyo se se fokoditsweng sa sengwe le sengwe se se latelanang go tswa kwa Australia go ya kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ "The Woolworths South Africa story]". ''South African Researcher''. Retrieved 10 January 2026.</ref> Go ya ka se, Sonnenberg o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe. Dingwaga di le pedi moragonyana, kgotlatshekelo ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya atlhola gore go ne go tlhomilwe bopelonomi jo bo lekaneng go kgaola taelo e e neng e tlisitswe ke morekisi wa lefatshe la America kgatlhanong le tiriso ya leina leo.<ref>Susman, David (2004). ''An African Shopkeeper''. Cape Town: Fernwood Press. p.&#x20;27. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-874950-78-3|978-1-874950-78-3]]</bdi>.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Pasta Section of the Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Karolo ya dijo ya Italy le ya Mexico ya Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Ka ngwaga wa 1998, Woolworths e ne ya nna le karolo ya taolo mo morekising wa diaparo wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_(retailer)|Country Road]] . Le fa go ntse jalo, kompone e ne ya palelwa ke go tsaya Country Road e [[:en:Private_limited_company|se ya setšhaba]] ka ntlha ya go gana ga ga [[:en:Solomon_Lew|Solomon Lew]] go rekisa seabe sa gagwe sa dikarolo di le lesome le motso le masome a marataro le bosupa mo go lekgolong mo kgwebong. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Simon |date=1999-11-26 |title=$80m debt load sinks Sportsgirl |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/80m-debt-load-sinks-sportsgirl-19991126-k92ri |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=[[Australian Financial Review]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Treadgold |first=Tim |date=1999-07-09 |title=Out of South Africa |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/out-of-south-africa-19990709-kb4yn |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Australian Financial Review |language=en}}</ref> Woolworths e ne ya nna mong ka botlalo wa Country Road ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa 2014 fa e ne e reka seabe sa ga Lew ka didolara di le dikete tse 200 tsa Amerika.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Verrender|date=2014-06-24|title=Woolworths' offer to buy Lew out of Country Road raises questions|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-24/woolworths-offer-to-buy-lew-out-of-country-road-raises-questions/5547308|accessdate=2024-02-17}}</ref> <ref>Greenblat, Eli (25 July 2014). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/solomon-lew-accepts-country-road-offer-ending-17-year-battle-20140725-zwyys.html "Solomon Lew accepts Country Road offer, ending 17 year battle".] [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, lebentlele la Woolworths e ne ya reka kgwebo ya mabentlele a magolo ya Australia e bong [[:en:David_Jones_(department_store)|David Jones]] ka diranta di le dikete di le pedi ntlha nngwe tsa Astralia. David Jones o ne a rekisediwa setlamo sa sephiri sa [[:en:Anchorage_Capital_Partners|Anchorage Capital Partners]] ka Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2023.<ref>Koehn, Emma (19 December 2022). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/storied-history-david-jones-gets-new-owners-just-in-time-for-christmas-20221219-p5c7df.html "'Storied history': David Jones gets new owners just in time for Christmas"]. [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la Dijo la Woolworths kwa [[Durbanville]], [[Kapa Bophirima|Western Cape]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2025 , Woolworths e ne ya simolola tirisanommogo ya yone ya Woolies After Dark le [[:en:Uber_Eats|Uber Eats]]. Go bonala kwa maemelong a dijo a tlhopilweng a Woolworths mo mafelong a leokwane a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]], tirelo e e ile ya dira gore go isiwe dithoto ko malapeng go fitlhela bosigogare, go feta dioura dipe tse di tlwaelesegileng tsa lebentlele la morekisi ope.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/article/woolies-after-dark-is-now-available-through-uber-eats-258567a "Woolies After Dark is now available through Uber Eats"]. Bizcommunity.com. 11 March 2025. Retrieved 29 October 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Entrance to Woolworths Food Store and Cafe in Claremont, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths le WCafe e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo lefelong la mabentlele la Palmyra Junction, kwa [[Claremont, Cape Town|Claremont]], [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi 2025, Woolies e ne ya bula sebopego se sešwa sa lebentlele – Lebenkele la Dijo la Woolworths – le le nang le lefelo la ntlha kwa [[:en:Durbanville|Durbanville]], kwa [[:en:Western_Cape|Western Cape]]. Lebentlele le e ne ya nna lone le le sa tswang go dirwa [[:en:Flagship|le legolo le le emelang komponi]] . Lebentlele le ga le le legolo fela go feta lebentlele le le tlwaelesegileng la dijo tsa Woolworths mme gape le agilwe ka mokgwa o o neelang bareki maitemogelo a a kgetegileng fa ba reka. Thulaganyo e sa tswang go dirwa e akaretsa mafelo a a kgethegileng a a akaretsang lefelo la [[:en:Florist|morekisi wa dithunya]], lefelo la tirelo le le nang le go apaya ka tlhamalalo fa pele ga bareki, morekisi wa ditlhapi, karolo ya dimonamone, mafelo a dijo a Italy le Mexico, le karolo ya mofine ya WCellar.<ref>capeetc (7 July 2025). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/woolworths-opens-first-of-its-kind-food-emporium-in-cape-town/ "Woolworths opens first-of-its-kind Food Emporium in Cape Town"]. Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 11 September 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2026, Woolworths e ne ya itsise gore e ne e leka go itlhatlhoba kwa lebentleleng la yone kwa [[:en:Foreshore,_Cape_Town|Foreshore]], kwa [[:en:Cape_Town|Capetown]]. Morekisi o ne a ikaeletse go bona gore a lefelo la go duela ka bonako e le nngwe fela e ka thusa go fokotsa mela ya nako ya dijo tsa motshegare. Mmueledi wa Woolworths o buile gore teko ya teng ga ena go go ntsha maemo a [[:en:Cashier|baduedisi]] le gore babereki bape ba ab amegang ba tla fiwa katiso e nngwe gape abo ba abelwa maemo a mangwe gape mo lebentleleng.<ref>Angelica Rhoda (21 February 2026). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/shopping/woolworths-pilots-self-service-checkout-cape-town/ "Woolworths pilots self-service checkout in Cape Town".] Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Kgato e e ne ya latela teko ya dikolotsana tse di botlhale tsa go reka ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2025 ke morekisi yo o gaisanang wa [[:en:Checkers_(supermarket_chain)|Checkers]].<ref>Terri-Ann Brouwers (21 August 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/checkers-trials-sas-first-smart-trolley-with-built-in-checkout/ "Checkers trials SA's first smart trolley with built-in checkout".] Moneyweb. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2026, go ne ga itsisiwe fa Roy Bagattini a tla rola tiro jaaka mokhuduthamaga wa Woolworths kwa mafelong a Lwetse 2026, morago ga dingwaga di feta thataro mo maemong ao. O tla latelelwa ke mokhuduthamaga wa jaanong wa lephata la Dijo la Woolworths, Sam Ngumeni. <ref>Nick Wilson (12 March 2026). [https://www.news24.com/business/companies/woolworths-has-a-new-ceo-as-bagattini-retires-20260312-0505 "Woolworths has a new CEO as Bagattini retires"]. news24. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref>Gape ka Mopitlo, Woolworths e ne ya gapa In2Food, e e leng moabi wa nako e telele wa dijo tsa yone tsa maemo a a kwa godimo.<ref>Dludla, Nqobile (17 March 2026). [https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africas-woolworths-acquires-longtime-supplier-in2food-2026-03-17/ "South Africa's Woolworths buys longtime supplier in2food"]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved 19 March 2026.</ref> * Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2026, go begilwe gore Woolworths e dirisana mmogo le setlhopha sa [[:en:Takealot_Group|Takealot]] mo ditirelong tsa bobolokelo le kabo, tsa Woolworths Online. Setlhopha se gape se ne se dirisa setlamo sa Takealot sa go isa dilwana Rre D, go isa dilwana go tswa kwa [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] e e leng ya Woolworths.<ref>Luke Fraser (30 June 2026). [https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/864995/takealot-delivering-woolworths-products-in-south-africa/ "Takealot Group delivering Woolworths products in South Africa"]. BusinessTech. Retrieved 3 July 2026.</ref> == Ditiro == [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Store Entrance in 3Arts Village, Plumstead, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths le WCafe e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo lefelong la mabentlele la Palmyra Junction, kwa [[Claremont, Cape Town|Claremont]], [[Cape Town]]]] Woolies e na le mefuta ya mabentlele a farologaneng, go akaretsa: <ref name=":0">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/overview/whl/ "The WHL Group".] Woolworths. Retrieved 11 September 2025.</ref> * Woolworths ([[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo]] a a nang le dijo, diaparo le didirisiwa tsa mo gae) * Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths (mabenkele a magolo a [[:en:Grocery|dijo tsa ko lapeng]]) * Dijo tsa Woolworths (mabenkele a magareng a korosari) * Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths (mabenkele a mannye a korosari) * WCafé ([[:en:Coffeehouse|matlo a kofi]]) * [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Diruiwa tsa mo gae tse di feletseng]] ([[:en:Pet_store|mabenkele a diruiwa tsa mo gae)]] Kompone eo gape e tsamaisa Ditirelo tsa madi tsa Woolworths, mmogo le [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Setlhopha sa Ditsela tsa Naga .]]<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food, Main St. JHB.jpg|thumb|Dijo tsa Woolworths, Mmila o Mogolo wa JHB]] == Letshwaokgebo == Kompone e e rekisa dilwana le mekgabisa le ka fa tlase ga matshwaokgwebo a mmalwa, e akaretsang Studio W, RE:, le Kgatiso, e ntse gape e emetse matshwaokgwebo a sehlopha sa Australia, go akaretsa le Country Road, [[:en:Witchery_(company)|Witchery]], le Trenery.<ref name=":0" /> == Tsa koporase le ngwao == [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Distribution Center in Milnerton, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Lefelo la phatlalatso la Woolworths kwa Milnerton, Cape Town]] === Mosepele o molemo wa kgwebo === Go tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 2007, kgwebo ya Good Business Journey e ne ipeela seelo se se hapegileng sa go itsetsepela ga setšhaba sa kompone.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/356/145471.html "Woolworths sets Good Business Journey goals for 2020"]. ''www.bizcommunity.com''. Retrieved 31 July 2020.</ref> Gape e ikaelela go netefatsa mokgwa o o tlhomameng wa go bua ka dintlha tsa go itsetsepela go ralala thulaganyo ya yone ya tlamelo ya lefatshe lotlhe, jaaka nngwe ya keletso e e boletsweng ya Woolworths ya go nna morekisi yo o itsetsepetseng go gaisa botlhe mo karolong ya borwa jwa lefatshe.<ref>[https://www.marketscreener.com/WOOLWORTHS-HOLDINGS-LIMIT-1413424/pdf/666225/Woolworths%20Holdings%20Limite_Annual-Report.pdf "Woolworths Holdings Limited Annual Report"] (PDF). ''marketscreener.com''. Retrieved 31 January 2020.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2016, kompone e ne ya tlhagisa mekgele ya yone ya GBJ 2020, e e neng e akaretsa go kopanya thulaganyo e mo dikgwebong tsa setlhopha tsa Australia – tse jaanong di dirang selekanyo karolo ya lekgolo e feta masome a mane tsa thekiso.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/356/145471.html "Woolworths sets Good Business Journey goals for 2020"]. Bizcommunity.com.</ref><ref>[https://www.fin24.com/Company/Woolworths-Holdings-Ltd "Company Snapshot"]. Fin24.</ref> Maitlamo a Setlhopha sa WHL a GBJ 2020 a akaretsa go tsenya letsogo go feta [[:en:South_African_rand|R]]3.5 bilione mo baaging go ralala setlhopha mo dingwageng di le tlhano tse di latelang; go boloka dilitara tse dikete di le makgolo a le matlhano tsa metsi mo pakeng e e tshwanang; go fokotsa tlhotlheletso ya maatla a kompone ka sephatlo ka 2020 le go fitlhelela lekgolo mo lekgolong tsa maatla a a phepa ka ngwaga wa 2030; go tsweledisa go batla dithoto tsotlhe tsa botlhokwa ka maikarabelo ka 2020; le go netefatsa gore [[:en:Private_label|setlhagisiwa sengwe le sengwe sa letswhao la kompone]] se se rekisiwang se akaretsa bogolo nonofo e nngwe ya go itsetsepela ka ngwaga wa 2020. <ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/356/145471.html "Woolworths sets Good Business Journey goals for 2020".] Bizcommunity.com.</ref> i9kcrw4d10xyly0ofdajlf0m3v9fijl 52184 52172 2026-07-08T19:28:26Z Lucrucia98 12161 52184 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Woolworths''' ( semmuso '''Woolworths Holdings Limited''', mme ka puo ya tlwaelo e itsege jaaka '''Woolies''' ) ke kompone ya thekiso ya Aforikaborwa e e dirang mo dinageng di le dintsi , e e naleng ntlokgolo ya yone kwa [[Cape Town]] . E tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bongwe (1931), kompone e ke ya [[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo a dikarolo tse di farologaneng]] a manobonobo a Aforikaborwa le [[:en:Grocery_store|ketane ya dilwana tsa mo gae ya]] Woolworths, morekisi wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Country Road]], le ketane ya [[:en:Pet_store|mabentlele a magolo go gaisa otlhe a diruiwa tsa]] mo gae mo Aforikaborwa, e e leng [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]].<ref>Moneyweb (30 September 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/in-battle-for-pets-shoprite-is-catching-woolies-fast/ "In battle for pets, Shoprite is catching Woolies fast". Moneyweb.] Retrieved 5 October 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhana (2025), setlhopha seno se thapa batho ba ka nna dikete di le masome a mararo le bobedi. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2024 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/whlfy24.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Karolo ya Aforika Borwa ya Woolworths e akaretsa kgwebo ya [[:en:Luxury_goods|dithoto tsa manobonobo]], go akaretsa le mokgwa wa diaparo, dithoto tsa mo gae, le didirisiwa tsa bontle. Mabenkele a a ikemetseng a dijo le "mafelo a go emela go reka dijo" tse di gokeletsweng mo mafelong a thekiso ya lookwane tsa [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] di mo mafelong a toropokgolo go ralala Aforika Borwa. Karolo e kgolo ya setlhopha, Woolworths Financial Services (WFS), e fa bareki dikarata tsa mabentlele, dikarata tsa sekoloto, dikadimo tse di dikologang le tshoreletso ya diruiwa tsa mo gae. Mo ngwageng wa yona wa matlole wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), WFS e ne e na le karolo ya bone ya lotseno lwa Woolworths. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), Woolworths e na le palogotlhe ya mafelo a le sekete le makgolo a matlhano le masome a le borobabone le bongwe . Kompone e tsamaisa mabentlele a dijo a le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro le borataro le mabentlele a magolo a le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano mo Aforika Borwa, mmogo le palogotlhe ya mabentlele a le masome a borobabongwe le bosupa mo mabentleleng a yone a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] le mabentlele a le masome a brobabongwe le boraro go ralala Aforika yotlhe. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Kompone gape e tsamaisa mabentlele a [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] a le lekgolo le masome a borobabobedi le mabentlele a Country Road a makgolo a thataro le masome a mararo (nasome a borobabobedi le borobabobedi a mo Aforika Borwa, mme a setseng a le ko Australasia). Ka kakaretso, go tloga ka ngwaga wa yone wa madi wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), Woolworths e na le lefelo la kgwebisano le le akaretsang selekanyo sa boleele jwa dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete di le makgolo a le borobabobedi le masome a mararo le bobedi (dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete dile sekete di le borobarobedi le makgolo a borobabongwe le masome a marataro). <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf "Annual Financial Statements, 2025"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings. September 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Karolo ya masome a le borobabobedi le borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya mabentlele a Woolworths a mo Aforika, mme karolo ya lesome le bongwe le bongwe mo lekgolong e e setseng e kwa Australia. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf "Integrated Annual Report, 2024"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Woolworths gape e na le WCafe, e leng ketane ya mabentlele a kofi a ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi a di farologaneng ka bogolo  – go tswa mo mafelong a bojelo a a nang le tirelo e e tletseng, a go nniwang fa fatshe, go ya kwa dibareng tsa kofi tse di nang le lefelo la go duela tsa tsone tse di kopantsweng mo mabentleleng a Woolworths, go ya kwa mafelong a mannye [[:en:Barista|a modiri wa kofi]] kwa ntle ga mabentlele a a rileng a dijo. Mabentlele a a kofi gape a thusa go tsamaisa ditaelo tsa dijo tsa borotho. WCafe ke letshwao le le itsegeng thata mo teng ga lefelo la kgwebo la matlo a kofi a Aforika Borwa mme le gareng ga tse di nang le palo e e kwa godimo ya mabentlele. <ref name="WCafe">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=WCafe |url=https://www.woolworths.co.za/cat/_/N-pjgm5f |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Woolworths}}</ref> <ref name="New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town">{{Cite web |last=Leigh Champanis-King |date=20 August 2024 |title=New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town |url=https://www.eatout.co.za/article/new-wcafe-opens-palmyra-junction-cape-town/ |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Eat Out}}</ref> == Ditaragalo tsa bogologolo == [[File:Woolworths_first_store_in_The_Royal_Hotel,_Plein_Street.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la ntlha la Woolworths, mo lefelong la bojelo le le maphatsiphatsi la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya The Royal, kwa motseng wa Cape Town]] E tlhomilwe ke [[:en:Max_Sonnenberg|Max Sonnenberg]], Woolworths e ne ya bula dikgoro tsa yone la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1931 mo Mmileng wa Plein, [[Cape Town|motse wa Cape Town]], mo lefelong la bojelo la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya Royal e e sa tswang go tswalwa. Katlego ya yone ya ntlha e ne ya dira gore go bulwe mabentlele a mangwe a mabedi mo kgaolong ya Cape. <ref name="News24History">{{Cite news|title=6 great South African businesses older than the rand|url=https://www.news24.com/brandstory/partner-content/6-great-south-african-businesses-older-than-the-rand-20210217|date=17 February 2021|access-date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Go ise go ye kae go ne ga bonala sentle gore kgwebo e ntšha eno e na le bokgoni jwa go atologa mo nageng yotlhe, le fa kwa tshimologong go tlhoka madi go ne go kgoreletsa tsholofelo eno. Tsala ya ga Sonnenberg, Elie Susman, o ne a tlamela ka matlole a a tlhokegang go atolosa go tsena mo [[:en:Transvaal_(province)|kgaolo ya Transvaal]] mme morago ga moo a nna molekane wa gagwe wa kgwebo. <ref name="BusinessTechSusman">{{Cite web |title=From a 1930s dining hall to one of the biggest household names in South Africa |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/791272/from-a-1930s-dining-hall-to-one-of-the-biggest-household-names-in-south-africa/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=BusinessTech}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Florist_and_Fresh_Produce_Sections_of_the_Woolworths_Food_Emporium_in_Durbanville,_Cape_Town.jpg|thumb|Dikarolo tsa barekisi ba dithunya le dijo tsa dijalo tse di itekanetseng tsa Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Tlhopho ya leina e simolotse mo botsalanong jwa ga Sonnenberg le moromedi wa Lontone le mothusi wa matlole, Percy (P.R.) Lewis. Lewis e ne e le mokaedi wa Mabentlele a Diketane a kwa Australasia (ACS), e leng ntlo ya dikepe le ya madi kwa Lontone e e neng ya tlhongwa go direla kgwebo ya Australia e e neng e gola ka bonako e e neng ya tlhongwa ke W.T. Christmas. <ref name="SAResearcherNaming">{{Cite web |title=The Woolworths South Africa story |url=https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=South African Researcher}}</ref> Batho ba ba romelang dithoto kwa Lontone ba ne ba tlhola ba thusa ka madi le go tlhopha dithoto tse di sa bonweng, tse morago ga moo di neng di romelwa kwa bareking ba bone. Ka kompone ya Amerika (e jaanong e sa tlholeng e le teng) ya F.W. Woolworth Company e ne e sena kgatlhego ya go gweba kwa Australia, "Rre" Christmas – jaaka a ne a itsege – o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe e ntšhwa. Lewis o ne a akantsha Sonnenberg gore ACS e ka tlaleletsa pampiri ya ya ga "Rre" Christmas le go romela selekanyo se se fokoditsweng sa sengwe le sengwe se se latelanang go tswa kwa Australia go ya kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ "The Woolworths South Africa story]". ''South African Researcher''. Retrieved 10 January 2026.</ref> Go ya ka se, Sonnenberg o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe. Dingwaga di le pedi moragonyana, kgotlatshekelo ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya atlhola gore go ne go tlhomilwe bopelonomi jo bo lekaneng go kgaola taelo e e neng e tlisitswe ke morekisi wa lefatshe la America kgatlhanong le tiriso ya leina leo.<ref>Susman, David (2004). ''An African Shopkeeper''. Cape Town: Fernwood Press. p.&#x20;27. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-874950-78-3|978-1-874950-78-3]]</bdi>.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Pasta Section of the Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Karolo ya dijo ya Italy le ya Mexico ya Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Ka ngwaga wa 1998, Woolworths e ne ya nna le karolo ya taolo mo morekising wa diaparo wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_(retailer)|Country Road]] . Le fa go ntse jalo, kompone e ne ya palelwa ke go tsaya Country Road e [[:en:Private_limited_company|se ya setšhaba]] ka ntlha ya go gana ga ga [[:en:Solomon_Lew|Solomon Lew]] go rekisa seabe sa gagwe sa dikarolo di le lesome le motso le masome a marataro le bosupa mo go lekgolong mo kgwebong. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Simon |date=1999-11-26 |title=$80m debt load sinks Sportsgirl |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/80m-debt-load-sinks-sportsgirl-19991126-k92ri |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=[[Australian Financial Review]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Treadgold |first=Tim |date=1999-07-09 |title=Out of South Africa |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/out-of-south-africa-19990709-kb4yn |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Australian Financial Review |language=en}}</ref> Woolworths e ne ya nna mong ka botlalo wa Country Road ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa 2014 fa e ne e reka seabe sa ga Lew ka didolara di le dikete tse 200 tsa Amerika.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Verrender|date=2014-06-24|title=Woolworths' offer to buy Lew out of Country Road raises questions|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-24/woolworths-offer-to-buy-lew-out-of-country-road-raises-questions/5547308|accessdate=2024-02-17}}</ref> <ref>Greenblat, Eli (25 July 2014). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/solomon-lew-accepts-country-road-offer-ending-17-year-battle-20140725-zwyys.html "Solomon Lew accepts Country Road offer, ending 17 year battle".] [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, lebentlele la Woolworths e ne ya reka kgwebo ya mabentlele a magolo ya Australia e bong [[:en:David_Jones_(department_store)|David Jones]] ka diranta di le dikete di le pedi ntlha nngwe tsa Astralia. David Jones o ne a rekisediwa setlamo sa sephiri sa [[:en:Anchorage_Capital_Partners|Anchorage Capital Partners]] ka Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2023.<ref>Koehn, Emma (19 December 2022). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/storied-history-david-jones-gets-new-owners-just-in-time-for-christmas-20221219-p5c7df.html "'Storied history': David Jones gets new owners just in time for Christmas"]. [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la Dijo la Woolworths kwa [[Durbanville]], [[Kapa Bophirima|Western Cape]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2025 , Woolworths e ne ya simolola tirisanommogo ya yone ya Woolies After Dark le [[:en:Uber_Eats|Uber Eats]]. Go bonala kwa maemelong a dijo a tlhopilweng a Woolworths mo mafelong a leokwane a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]], tirelo e e ile ya dira gore go isiwe dithoto ko malapeng go fitlhela bosigogare, go feta dioura dipe tse di tlwaelesegileng tsa lebentlele la morekisi ope.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/article/woolies-after-dark-is-now-available-through-uber-eats-258567a "Woolies After Dark is now available through Uber Eats"]. Bizcommunity.com. 11 March 2025. Retrieved 29 October 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Entrance to Woolworths Food Store and Cafe in Claremont, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths le WCafe e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo lefelong la mabentlele la Palmyra Junction, kwa [[Claremont, Cape Town|Claremont]], [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi 2025, Woolies e ne ya bula sebopego se sešwa sa lebentlele – Lebenkele la Dijo la Woolworths – le le nang le lefelo la ntlha kwa [[:en:Durbanville|Durbanville]], kwa [[:en:Western_Cape|Western Cape]]. Lebentlele le e ne ya nna lone le le sa tswang go dirwa [[:en:Flagship|le legolo le le emelang komponi]] . Lebentlele le ga le le legolo fela go feta lebentlele le le tlwaelesegileng la dijo tsa Woolworths mme gape le agilwe ka mokgwa o o neelang bareki maitemogelo a a kgetegileng fa ba reka. Thulaganyo e sa tswang go dirwa e akaretsa mafelo a a kgethegileng a a akaretsang lefelo la [[:en:Florist|morekisi wa dithunya]], lefelo la tirelo le le nang le go apaya ka tlhamalalo fa pele ga bareki, morekisi wa ditlhapi, karolo ya dimonamone, mafelo a dijo a Italy le Mexico, le karolo ya mofine ya WCellar.<ref>capeetc (7 July 2025). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/woolworths-opens-first-of-its-kind-food-emporium-in-cape-town/ "Woolworths opens first-of-its-kind Food Emporium in Cape Town"]. Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 11 September 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2026, Woolworths e ne ya itsise gore e ne e leka go itlhatlhoba kwa lebentleleng la yone kwa [[:en:Foreshore,_Cape_Town|Foreshore]], kwa [[:en:Cape_Town|Capetown]]. Morekisi o ne a ikaeletse go bona gore a lefelo la go duela ka bonako e le nngwe fela e ka thusa go fokotsa mela ya nako ya dijo tsa motshegare. Mmueledi wa Woolworths o buile gore teko ya teng ga ena go go ntsha maemo a [[:en:Cashier|baduedisi]] le gore babereki bape ba ab amegang ba tla fiwa katiso e nngwe gape abo ba abelwa maemo a mangwe gape mo lebentleleng.<ref>Angelica Rhoda (21 February 2026). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/shopping/woolworths-pilots-self-service-checkout-cape-town/ "Woolworths pilots self-service checkout in Cape Town".] Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Kgato e e ne ya latela teko ya dikolotsana tse di botlhale tsa go reka ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2025 ke morekisi yo o gaisanang wa [[:en:Checkers_(supermarket_chain)|Checkers]].<ref>Terri-Ann Brouwers (21 August 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/checkers-trials-sas-first-smart-trolley-with-built-in-checkout/ "Checkers trials SA's first smart trolley with built-in checkout".] Moneyweb. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2026, go ne ga itsisiwe fa Roy Bagattini a tla rola tiro jaaka mokhuduthamaga wa Woolworths kwa mafelong a Lwetse 2026, morago ga dingwaga di feta thataro mo maemong ao. O tla latelelwa ke mokhuduthamaga wa jaanong wa lephata la Dijo la Woolworths, Sam Ngumeni. <ref>Nick Wilson (12 March 2026). [https://www.news24.com/business/companies/woolworths-has-a-new-ceo-as-bagattini-retires-20260312-0505 "Woolworths has a new CEO as Bagattini retires"]. news24. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref>Gape ka Mopitlo, Woolworths e ne ya gapa In2Food, e e leng moabi wa nako e telele wa dijo tsa yone tsa maemo a a kwa godimo.<ref>Dludla, Nqobile (17 March 2026). [https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africas-woolworths-acquires-longtime-supplier-in2food-2026-03-17/ "South Africa's Woolworths buys longtime supplier in2food"]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved 19 March 2026.</ref> * Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2026, go begilwe gore Woolworths e dirisana mmogo le setlhopha sa [[:en:Takealot_Group|Takealot]] mo ditirelong tsa bobolokelo le kabo, tsa Woolworths Online. Setlhopha se gape se ne se dirisa setlamo sa Takealot sa go isa dilwana Rre D, go isa dilwana go tswa kwa [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] e e leng ya Woolworths.<ref>Luke Fraser (30 June 2026). [https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/864995/takealot-delivering-woolworths-products-in-south-africa/ "Takealot Group delivering Woolworths products in South Africa"]. BusinessTech. Retrieved 3 July 2026.</ref> == Ditiro == [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Store Entrance in 3Arts Village, Plumstead, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths le WCafe e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo lefelong la mabentlele la Palmyra Junction, kwa [[Claremont, Cape Town|Claremont]], [[Cape Town]]]] Woolies e na le mefuta ya mabentlele a farologaneng, go akaretsa: <ref name=":0">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/overview/whl/ "The WHL Group".] Woolworths. Retrieved 11 September 2025.</ref> * Woolworths ([[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo]] a a nang le dijo, diaparo le didirisiwa tsa mo gae) * Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths (mabenkele a magolo a [[:en:Grocery|dijo tsa ko lapeng]]) * Dijo tsa Woolworths (mabenkele a magareng a korosari) * Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths (mabenkele a mannye a korosari) * WCafé ([[:en:Coffeehouse|matlo a kofi]]) * [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Diruiwa tsa mo gae tse di feletseng]] ([[:en:Pet_store|mabenkele a diruiwa tsa mo gae)]] Kompone eo gape e tsamaisa Ditirelo tsa madi tsa Woolworths, mmogo le [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Setlhopha sa Ditsela tsa Naga .]]<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food, Main St. JHB.jpg|thumb|Dijo tsa Woolworths, Mmila o Mogolo wa JHB]] == Letshwaokgebo == Kompone e e rekisa dilwana le mekgabisa le ka fa tlase ga matshwaokgwebo a mmalwa, e akaretsang Studio W, RE:, le Kgatiso, e ntse gape e emetse matshwaokgwebo a sehlopha sa Australia, go akaretsa le Country Road, [[:en:Witchery_(company)|Witchery]], le Trenery.<ref name=":0" /> == Tsa koporase le ngwao == [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Distribution Center in Milnerton, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Lefelo la phatlalatso la Woolworths kwa Milnerton, Cape Town]] === Mosepele o molemo wa kgwebo === Go tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 2007, kgwebo ya Good Business Journey e ne ipeela seelo se se hapegileng sa go itsetsepela ga setšhaba sa kompone.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/356/145471.html "Woolworths sets Good Business Journey goals for 2020"]. ''www.bizcommunity.com''. Retrieved 31 July 2020.</ref> Gape e ikaelela go netefatsa mokgwa o o tlhomameng wa go bua ka dintlha tsa go itsetsepela go ralala thulaganyo ya yone ya tlamelo ya lefatshe lotlhe, jaaka nngwe ya keletso e e boletsweng ya Woolworths ya go nna morekisi yo o itsetsepetseng go gaisa botlhe mo karolong ya borwa jwa lefatshe.<ref>[https://www.marketscreener.com/WOOLWORTHS-HOLDINGS-LIMIT-1413424/pdf/666225/Woolworths%20Holdings%20Limite_Annual-Report.pdf "Woolworths Holdings Limited Annual Report"] (PDF). ''marketscreener.com''. Retrieved 31 January 2020.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2016, kompone e ne ya tlhagisa mekgele ya yone ya GBJ 2020, e e neng e akaretsa go kopanya thulaganyo e mo dikgwebong tsa setlhopha tsa Australia – tse jaanong di dirang selekanyo karolo ya lekgolo e feta masome a mane tsa thekiso.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/356/145471.html "Woolworths sets Good Business Journey goals for 2020"]. Bizcommunity.com.</ref><ref>[https://www.fin24.com/Company/Woolworths-Holdings-Ltd "Company Snapshot"]. Fin24.</ref> Maitlamo a Setlhopha sa WHL a GBJ 2020 a akaretsa go tsenya letsogo go feta [[:en:South_African_rand|R]]3.5 bilione mo baaging go ralala setlhopha mo dingwageng di le tlhano tse di latelang; go boloka dilitara tse dikete di le makgolo a le matlhano tsa metsi mo pakeng e e tshwanang; go fokotsa tlhotlheletso ya maatla a kompone ka sephatlo ka 2020 le go fitlhelela lekgolo mo lekgolong tsa maatla a a phepa ka ngwaga wa 2030; go tsweledisa go batla dithoto tsotlhe tsa botlhokwa ka maikarabelo ka 2020; le go netefatsa gore [[:en:Private_label|setlhagisiwa sengwe le sengwe sa letswhao la kompone]] se se rekisiwang se akaretsa bogolo nonofo e nngwe ya go itsetsepela ka ngwaga wa 2020. <ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/356/145471.html "Woolworths sets Good Business Journey goals for 2020".] Bizcommunity.com.</ref> c7qbux2qmwz7q257m5aa82sjiy0y1hl 0 14329 52155 2026-07-08T13:03:23Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Ditso tsa Bajuta mo Botswana #Setswana Knowledge Activation 52155 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ditso tsa Bajuta''' mo [[Botswana]] di disha ebile di remeletse mo toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. Bajuta ka bontsi mo Botswana ke batho ba Isiraele le ba [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref>[https://www.jta.org/archive/around-the-jewish-world-in-botswana-african-jews-ask-leader-to-be-vigilant-against-terror "Around the Jewish World in Botswana, African Jews Ask Leader to Be Vigilant Against Terror".] [[:en:Jewish_Telegraphic_Agency|Jewish Telegraphic Agency]]. 20 March 2015. Retrieved 08 July 2026</ref> == Ditso == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mararo le boraro, fa bo-Nazi bo ya magoletsa kwa Yuropa, bagogi ba dikolone mo mafatsheng a Botswana, [[Aforika Borwa]] le Great Britain ba ne ba leka go fudusa batshabi ba Bajuta mo Botswana go dirisa letseno la bone la madi le boitseanape jwa bone jwa temothuo go thusa go tokafatsa itsholelo ya kgaolo e e neng e reketla. Le fa go ntse jalo, go tlhagoga ga ntwa ya bobedi ya mafatshe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mararo le borobabongwe go ne ga fedisa maiteko a ka ponyo ya leitlho.<ref>Makgala, Christian John. [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA052550590_201 "Bid to Settle Jewish Refugees from Nazi-Germany in Botswana, 1938-1939"]. ''journals.co.za''. African Journals. Retrieved 08 July 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bone, Bajuta mo Botswana ba ne ba kwala molaomotheo gape ba tlhama komiti ya bone ya ntlha. Rabbi [[Moshe Silberhaft]], moeteledipele wa African Jewish Congress, o ne a tsaya loeto lo lo faphegileng go ya Gaborone go tsaya karolo mo bokopanong jo go neng ga dumalanwa go bitsa batho bao setshaba sa Bajuta ba Botswana.<ref>African Jewish Congress. [https://www.africanjewishcongress.com/botswana3.htm "Botswana: A Safe Haven for Jews".] ''africanjewishcongress.com''. African Jewish Congress. Retrieved 08 July 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro, setshaba sa Bajuta mo Botswana se ne sa gwetlha baeteledipele ba mo gae go nna podimatseba kgatlhanong le botsuolodi, se se tsamaelana le maemo a ga tautona Festus Mogae a go sa utlwane le borukutlhi. Lenaneo le, le enngwe nokeng ke African Jewish Congress, e e thusang Bajuta ba mo Botswana mo go tshegetseng itsela tsa tshireletsego mo nakong e lefatshe le tshwenyegileng ka matshosetsi a go nna kgatlhanong le Bajuta le a a amanang le borukutlhi.<ref>[https://www.jta.org/archive/around-the-jewish-world-in-botswana-african-jews-ask-leader-to-be-vigilant-against-terror "Around the Jewish World in Botswana, African Jews Ask Leader to Be Vigilant Against Terror".] ''Jewish Telegraphic Agency''. 11 December 2003.</ref><ref>[https://www.africanjewishcongress.com/botswana2.htm "Botswana"]. African Jewish Congress.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi, Bajuta ba ba akanyediwang ba ka nna masome mabedi le motso go tsena ba le lekgolo, ba ne ba nna mo Botswana, bontsi fa e se botlhe, ba nna mo Gaborone. Bontsi jwa bone ke Bajuta ba Isiraele ba baberekang mo mehameng ya temothuo, kgwebo le madirelo.<ref>[https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/about/communities/BW "Community in Botswana"]. World Jewish Congress. Retrieved 08 July 2026</ref> == Tsa sedumedi == Ga go na disinagoge mo Botswana. Ka malatsi a boitapoloso a sedumedi e ka dinako tsa thapelo, African Jewish Congress le lekgotla la kwa Aforika Borwa la baeteledipele ba Bajuta ba thusa Bajuta ba ba etileng.<ref>Waronker, Jay. [https://www.africansynagogues.org/html/locations.html "LOCATING THE BUILDINGS AND JEWISH COMMUNITIES]". AfricanSynagogues.org. Retrieved 08 July 2026</ref> Ditirelo tsa sedumedi tsa Shabbat le malatsi a boitapoloso a Bajuta a tshwarelwa kwa malwapeng go jewa dijo tsa Kosher.<ref>Doctrow, Jamie. [https://jewishlouisville.org/teen-topics-february-21-2014/ "Doctrow Finds Religious Connection in the Last Likely Place"]. ''jewishlouisville.org''. Jewish Louisville Community. Retrieved 08 July 2026</ref> Bajuta mo Botswana ba bolokiwa mo mabitleng a eseng a Bajuta, ka ga go na mabitla a Bajuta mo lefatsheng leo. Dijo tsa kosher di isiwa kwa go bone ke lekgotla la baeteledipele ba Bajuta kwa Aforika Borwa. == Botsalano jwa mafatshe a Botswana le Israel == Mafatshe a Botswana le Israel a simolotse go nna le tirisano mmogo ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bobedi.<ref>Jacqueline, Kalley; Schoeman, Elna (1999). ''Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events''. p.&nbsp;124.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la ntshafatsa botsalano jwa sepolotiki le Israel ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro.<ref>[https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-that-recognize-israel "Countries that Recognize Israel 2024".] ''World Population Review''. Retrieved 08 July 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi, dikompone tsa batho ba Israel di le thataro di ne tsa thapa Batswana ba feta sekete go sega le go rethefatsa diteemane.<ref>Motsamai, Mmoniemang (24 February 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130512011750/http://www.ibotswana.co.bw/news/local/item/11871-israel-north-korea-present-credentials.html "Israel, North Korea present credentials"]. ''Botswana Daily News''. Archived from [http://www.ibotswana.co.bw/news/local/item/11871-israel-north-korea-present-credentials.html the original] on 12 May 2013.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi sekolo se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa Ben Gurion Univesrity (BGU) se ne sa dumalana go tlhama sekolo se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro se sesha se bidiwa [[Botswana International University of Science and Technology]]. BGU e tlaa okamela thuto le go aga seelo sa bosekaseki kwa sekolong seo. Baithuti ba ba tswang Botswana ba tlaa lalediwa go ya Israel go fetsa dithuto tsa bone pele ga ba boela gae go nna babereki ba sekolo seo. Go ya ka moemedi wa Israel mo Botswana Dan Shaham: "baithuti bangwe ba ka nna makgolo a mabedi le botlhano ba tlaa tlhophiwa go simolola dithuto tsa bone mo dikgweing tse di tlang. Baithuti ba bangwe ba tlaa okediwa fa nako e ntse e tsamaya, go fitlhelela e nna sekolo sa ithutelo ditiro sa nnete.<ref>[https://www.israeliconsulatela.org/404 Ben Gurion University, Botswana Branch] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310040614/http://www.israeliconsulatela.org/index.php/en/latest-news/item/ben-gurion-university-botswana-branch|date=March 10, 2013}} Official Website of the Israeli Consulate in Los Angeles, December 24, 2012</ref> Ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le motso, kokelwana ya Baruch Padeh Medical Center e ne ya romela dingaka tsa ma Iseraele go thusa Botswana ka nako ya segajaja sa [[COVID-19]]. Dingaka tse di ne tsa tshwaragana le [[sepatela sa Sir Ketumile Masire]] mo Gaborone.<ref>Jaffe-Hoffman, Maayan. [https://www.jpost.com/health-science/israels-baruch-padeh-sends-medical-delegation-to-botswana-africa-667249 "Israel's Baruch Padeh sends medical delegation to Botswana, Africa]". ''jpost.com''. The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 08 July 2026</ref><ref>[https://jewishvirtuallibrary.org/botswana-virtual-jewish-history-tour "Botswana Virtual Jewish History Tour"]. [[:en:Jewish_Virtual_Library|Jewish Virtual Library.]] Retrieved 08 July 2026</ref> Ka Seetebosigo ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le motso, Ofra Farhi ke ene moeme wa Israel mo [[Botswana]], [[Namibia]], [[Zambia]] le [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>Harkov, Lahav (June 20, 2021). [https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/cabinet-approves-36-new-ambassadors-to-posts-around-the-world-671527 "Meet the 36 new ambassadors approved to new posts around the world"]. Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 08 July 2026</ref> == Batho ba tlotla == * Benjamin Steinberg, morui wa dikgomo wa Motswana gape e le mopolotiki e ne e le motshwara madi wa ntlha wa phathi ya Botswana Democratic Party, gape e le motho mosweu wa ntlha go nna mopalamente mo Botswana ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le botlhano. == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Kgololesego ya ditumelo mo Botswana]] == Metswedi == niiw1fp0aypwvs0i4yxogl0kx4dfqit 0 14330 52156 2026-07-08T13:23:41Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Lefelo la Motlakase la Orapa 52156 wikitext text/x-wiki Lefelo la Motlakase la Orapa ke lefelo le le tlhagisang motlakase se se kwa toropong ya moepo ya Orapa kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Botswana mo Kgaolong ya Bogare. <ref>[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&aid=587&dir=2011/October/Monday10/ "Mmegi Online :: Orapa power plant to be finally launched"]. ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 29 September 2018.</ref>E agilwe ka fa gare ga lefelo le le ageletsweng ka legora la taemane la Debswana Diamond Company Ltd Orapa mme e le ya Puso ya Botswana e e laetseng Botswana Power Corporation go laola, go tsamaisa le go tlhokomela lefelo leno. == Se se diragetseng == Kago ya semela e simolotse fa Botswana e ne e simolola go nna le dikgwetlho tsa tlamelo ya motlakase go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tsepe pedi le bosupa fa patlego ya motlakase mo nageng e ne e simolola go feta bokgoni jwa go tlhagisa motlakase wa kgaolo e e neng ya dira gore Botswana Power Corporation e pateletse gore e duele lekgetho la motlakase ka dinako tse di rileng. <ref>[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&aid=5796&dir=2010/October/Friday22 Developers of Orapa's 90MW push for 60 % cost reduction]</ref>Semela se e ne e le karabo ya nakwana ya ditlhokego tsa motlakase wa intaseteri ya meepo pele ga tlhabololo ya diteišene tsa motlakase tsa Mmamabula le Morupule B. Lefelo le go agilweng madirelo ano mo go lone le gaufi le lefelo le le fetlhang motlakase le le golaganyang madirelo ano le motlakase wa setšhaba mme le ne le diretswe go dirisa gase ya tlholego kgotsa disele e le leokwane. E ne ya tsenngwa mo tirisong ka go dirisa disele le phetogo e e rulagantsweng go ya gase ya tlholego fa go agiwa ga mogala wa gase go tswa mo masimong a gase a a gaufi go sena go wediwa le go tsenngwa mo tirisong. <ref>[http://www.sundaystandard.info/kalahari-energy-convert-diesel-orapa-power-plant-cbm-operation Kalahari Energy to convert diesel Orapa Power Plant to CBM operation]</ref> == Dintlha tse di rileng == Semela se na le diterena tsa gase tsa 45MW GE LM6000 Sprint Simple Cycle tse di dirisang disele. <ref>[http://www.sundaystandard.info/bpc-gets-orapa-90mw-power-station "BPC gets Orapa 90MW Power Station | Sunday Standard".] ''www.sundaystandard.info''. Retrieved 29 September 2018.</ref>Maatla a a tlhagisitsweng a fetisetswa kwa gridi ya bosetšhaba ka Orapa Substation e e golagantsweng ka tiriso ya mela e mebedi e mekhutshwane ya 132kV ya motlakase. == Metswedi == 3rwt8jms90xtpg1bbc1felowp0cisfk 0 14331 52157 2026-07-08T13:50:38Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Lephata la mesepele le ditlhaeletsanyo #Setswana Knowledge Activation 52157 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lephata la mesepele le ditlhaeletsanyo''' ke lephata la puso mo [[Botswana]]. == Ditso == Pele le ne le bidiwa lephata la pereko le mesepele (Botswana).<ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/common_up/dailynews/dailynews_pdf/14-11-2024_07-49-10_1731563350_dailynews_pdf.pdf Ministry of Transport and Public Works] Retrieved 08 July 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2024, morago ga phetogo ya puso,<ref>[https://democracyinafrica.org/botswanas-peaceful-power-shift-is-the-era-of-one-party-dominance-over/Botswana%E2%80%99s Peaceful Power Shift: Is the era of one-party dominance over?] Retrieved 08 July 2026</ref> lephata le ne la kgaoganngwa gabedi, mohama wa mesepele o ne wa kopanngwa le wa dikago go dira lephata la mesepele le dikago, fa mohama wa ditlhaeletsanyo le wa botlhami go dira lephata la ditlhaeletsanyo le botlhami.<ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/common_up/dailynews/dailynews_pdf/14-11-2024_07-49-10_1731563350_dailynews_pdf.pdf Government renames Ministries] Retrieved 08 July 2026</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Lephata la madi (Botswana)]] == Metswedi == pcrankyj9s7r3zjsn2zdiop7k81dbnk 0 14332 52160 2026-07-08T14:11:51Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Lephata la madi (Botswana) #Setswana Knowledge Activation 52160 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lephata la madi''' ke lephata la [[puso ya Botswana]] le le tlhamang melao ya tsa madi le itsholelo gape le okametse ditsamaiso tsa puso tsa madi. Mo kgweding ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro, tona wa lephata le ke [[Ndaba Gaolathe]].<ref>[http://www.finance.gov.bw/ "Ministry of Finance Botswana".]</ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/botswana-replaces-finance-minister-with-immediate-effect-statement-2021-04-17/ "Botswana replaces finance minister with immediate effect - statement".] ''Reuters''. 17 April 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2026</ref> == Matona a gompieno le a a fetileng == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Leina !Ngwaga !Motswedi |- |[[Benjamin Thema]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le botlhano go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro |<ref name=":0">[https://www.finance.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=102 "About Us - Ministry of Finance".] ''www.finance.gov.bw''. Retrieved 8 July 2026.</ref> |- |[[Motlatsi Segokgo]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa |<ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.c092755342 "The Commonwealth yearbook / Foreign and Commonwealth Office 1968"]. ''HathiTrust''.</ref> |- |[[Quett Masire]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, maksolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi |<ref name=":0" /> |- |[[James G Haskins|James G. Haskins]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa |<ref name=":0" /> |- |[[Quett Masire]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le motso go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi |<ref name=":0" /> |- |[[Peter Mmusi]] |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe |<ref name=":0" /> |- |[[Festus Mogae]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi |<ref name=":0" /> |- |[[Ponatshego Kedikilwe]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabobongwe |<ref name=":0" /> |- |[[Baledzi Gaolathe]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabobongwe go tsena ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe |<ref name=":0" /> |- |[[Kenneth Matambo]] |Ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe go tsena ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabongwe |<ref name=":0" /> |- |[[Thapelo Matsheka]] |Ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabongwe go tsena ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le motso |<ref name=":0" /> |- |[[Peggy Serame]] |Ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le motso go tsena ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone |<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/botswana-replaces-finance-minister-with-immediate-effect-statement-2021-04-17/ "Botswana replaces finance minister with immediate effect - statement".] ''Reuters''. 17 April 2021.</ref> |- |[[Ndaba Gaolathe]] |Ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone go tsena gompieno | |} == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Puso ya Botswana]] * [[Lephata la mesepele le ditlhaeletsanyo (Botswana)|Lephata la mesepele le ditlhaeletsanyo]] == Metswedi == 1rawhvsciokbj6phlorbfmpuga5kxw0 0 14333 52178 2026-07-08T18:39:42Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Mokaragana 52178 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mokaragana''' ke lenaneo la thelebišene le le tshamekang mmino o o tshamekiwang ka thelebišene le le gasiwang mo [[Botswana Television]] (BTV), e leng moanedi wa bosetšhaba wa [[Botswana]]. Ke nngwe ya dipontsho tsa boitlosobodutu tsa selegae tsa BTV mme e gasiwa ka Matlhatso maitseboa. Go farologana le mananeo a dibidio tsa mmino, Mokaragana e na le dipontsho tsa baopedi ba selegae tse di rekotilweng fa pele ga bareetsi ba ba tshelang, e leng se se dirang gore e nne yone tsela ya konokono ya gore baopedi ba Botswana ba fitlhelele babogedi ba thelebišene ya bosetšhaba. Sesupo sa BTV se romelwa ka sathalaete go ralala dinaga di le mmalwa tsa borwa jwa Afrika, go akaretsa Afrika Borwa, Namibia, Zambia, Lesotho, le Zimbabwe, e leng se se dirang gore lenaneo leno le fitlhelele kwa mafelong a mangwe go feta mo Botswana. <ref name=":0">[https://www.thegazette.news/entertainment/mokaragana-botswana-entertainment-setback-says-bomu/ "Mokaragana: Botswana entertainment setback — says BOMU"]. Botswana Gazette. 27 May 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">Modirwa Kekwaletswe (20 April 2018). [https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/music-broadcast-media-botswana "Music broadcast media in Botswana".] Music In Africa. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> == Sebopego == Mokaragana ke moletlo wa mmino o o tshegediwang ka madi o mo go one baopedi ba lefelo leo ba tshamekang mo seraleng sa studio. Thulaganyo ya lenaneo le e gatelela go tshameka mmino o o tshamekiwang ka tlhamalalo go na le go tshameka bidio ya mmino, e e farologanyang le mananeo a mangwe a mmino a BTV a a jaaka [[Flava Dome.]] Pontsho eno e ile ya ngoka kemonokeng ya dikhampani tsa mo lefelong leo le tsa mo kgaolong. Batshegetsi ba akareditse Blue Crystal Sugar, Orange Botswana, le Golden Fruit.<ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2">[https://allafrica.com/stories/200607311499.html "New Look for BTV Mokaragana, And More"]. AllAfrica / Mmegi. 31 July 2006. Retrieved 22 March 2026</ref> == Ditso == Mokaragana e ne e le nngwe ya mananeo a boitlosobodutu a ntlha mo BTV morago ga go simololwa ga seteishene ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi (2000). Mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo dikete tse pedi (2000) e ne e setse e le nngwe ya mananeo a a tumileng thata mo seteisheneng, e na le babogedi ba le bantsi kwa gae le kwa dithulaganyong tsa go rekota. Katlego ya yone e ne ya ngoka kemonokeng e e tsweletseng ya dikgwebo, mme lenaneo le ne la nna lefelo le le eletsegang la go tshameka mo go lone la baopedi ba Botswana ba ba batlang go tlhagelela mo nageng le mo kgaolong.<ref name=":0" /> Mo bogareng jwa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006), BTV e ne ya fetola Mokaragana, ya emisetsa Miso Mmereki yo o neng a ntse a le teng ka lobaka lo loleele; yo o neng a itsege jaaka Mega-V, yo o neng a tshwere lenaneo le dingwaga tse di fetang tlhano. Mmereki o ne a kile a nna mmadi wa dikgang tsa Radio Botswana English mme a nna mongwe wa batho ba ba itsegeng thata mo BTV. Phetogo e e tlhodile kganetso go tswa mo bathong le go tswa mo batlameding: batlamedi ba lenaneo, ba ba neng ba na le konteraka ya nako e telele le lenaneo, ba ne ba supa fa ba rata gore Mmereki a tswelele, mme ba ne ba mo tsenyeletsa mo matsholong a papatso ya dikumo tsa bona.<ref name=":2" /> Morulaganyi Joel Ntsoro Keitumile moragonyana o ne a nna moamogedi yo o tumileng thata mo hisetoring ya Mokaragana. Keitumile, yo kwa tshimologong a neng a tsenela BTV a neela lenaneo la Sontaga la efangele, o ne a tlisiwa jaaka moemedi wa Mokaragana mme morago ga moo a nna moamogedi wa yone wa konokono, a isa lenaneo le kwa go se Botswana Youth Magazine e neng ya se tlhalosa jaaka "ditlhako tse di tshosang".<ref>[https://www.botswanayouth.com/btvs-best-presenters-of-all-time/ "BTV's Best Presenters Of All Time"]. Botswana Youth Magazine. 20 November 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro(2013), ditshenyegelo tsa go dira lenaneo di ne di fokotsegile mme le thulaganyo ya lone e ne e sa fetoga, mme seno se ne sa dira gore Mokgatlho wa Mmino wa Botswana (BOMU) o kope batsamaisi ba BTV gore ba sekaseke thulaganyo eno. Mokwaledi-Kakaretso wa BOMU, Pagson Ntsie o dumetse gore lenaneo le santse le le botlhokwa mo go tlhagiseng batho go ralala melelwane fa a ntse a kopa gore go tokafadiwe boleng jwa tlhagiso le maemo a ba ba tlhagisang. Moragonyana go ne ga nna le Girlie "Wa Di Body", yo o neng a tsamaisa thulaganyo eo ka Matlhatso maitseboa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://news.thevoicebw.com/celeb-edition-with-girly-wa-di-body/ "Celeb edition with Girly "Wa di body"".] The Voice Botswana. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> == Botlhokwa == Mokaragana o nopolwa mmogo le Flava Dome le Pula Power jaaka nngwe ya dijanaga tse tharo tsa BTV tsa go rotloetsa mmino o o tumileng mo babogeding ba setšhaba. Music In Africa e lemogile Mokaragana le Flava Dome jaaka dithupana tsa thelebišene tse di botlhokwa tse ka tsona dipina tse di tshamekiwang ka tlhamalalo di fitlhelelang babogedi ba mmino wa Botswana, di di farologanya le diphadišano tsa ditalente jaaka My African Dream (MAD) le My Star3.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[[:en:Botswana_Television|"Botswana Television".]] Wikipedia. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == k8g0av0kxfivzew5h7ofw0mpxa0m4dj 0 14334 52179 2026-07-08T19:03:50Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Flava Dome 52179 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Flava Dome''' ke lenaneo la mmino le boithabiso le le tlhagelelang mo [[Botswana Television]] (BTV), e leng moanedi wa bosetšhaba wa Botswana. Ke e nngwe ya mananeo a BTV a boitlosobodutu jwa selegae mmogo le Mokaragana le Pula Power, ka mananeo a le mararo a a kopaneng a supiwa jaaka dijanaga tsa BTV tsa go rotloetsa mmino o o tumileng go babogedi ba naga ka bophara. <ref name=":0">Modirwa Kekwaletswe (20 April 2018). [https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/music-broadcast-media-botswana "Music broadcast media in Botswana".] Music In Africa. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref><ref>[[:en:Botswana_Television|"Botswana Television".]] Wikipedia. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> == Sebopego == Flava Dome e gasiwa ka Labotlhano bosigo ka nako e e kwa godimo mo BTV. Lenaneo le na le dibidio tsa mmino, dipontsho tsa baopedi ba selegae le ba kgaolo, le dikarolo tsa boitlosobodutu tse di eteletsweng pele ke ba ba tlhagisang. DJ mongwe yo o nnang koo ke karolo ya batshameki ba ba tlwaelegileng mmogo le ba babedi ba ba tlhagisang.<ref>[https://www.botswanayouth.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-sadie-dikgaka/ "10 Things You Didn't Know About Sadie Dikgaka"]. Botswana Youth Magazine. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> == Babega dikgang == Motshameko ono o ne o na le batho ba ba neng ba bidiwa Mosa le Edgar. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013) ba ne ba tlhatlhamiwa ke Loungo Andre Pitse, yo o itsegeng jaaka KingBee, le Sadi Dikgaka (leina le le tletseng Boipelo Sadi Dikgaka), yo o neng a tsamaisa mmogo dingwaga di le tlhano. Lenaneo le ne la dirwa ka nako eo ke Kefilwe Leero.<ref name=":1">[https://www.botswanayouth.com/kingbee-is-leaving-flava-dome/ "KingBee Is Leaving Flava Dome!".] Botswana Youth Magazine. Retrieved 22 March 2026</ref> KingBee o ne a itsise ka go tlogela lenaneo ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), a tlhalosa fa a eletsa go gola mo botshelong le mo tirong go feta mo lenaneong. Kgang ya gagwe ya bofelo e ne ya gasiwa ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e le masome a mabedi le borataro ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018).<ref name=":1" /> [[Sadi Dikgaka]] o ne a tswelela jaaka motshwaramotsamaisi morago ga go tswa.<ref>[https://thevoicebw.com/scare-flava-domes-sadie-may-never-return/ "Scare as Flava Dome's Sadie may never return".] The Voice Botswana. 22 January 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> == Botlhokwa == Flava Dome e nna e umakiwa mo metsweding ya dikgang ya Botswana jaaka lefelo le le botlhokwa le ka lone bataki ba lefelo leo ba fitlhelelang babogedi ba thelebišene ya bosetšhaba. Dibini di le mmalwa di buile ka go tlhagelela mo lenaneong e le ditiragalo tse di botlhokwa, mme lenane le le dirisitswe jaaka modiri wa diporofaele tsa setshaba wa pele wa bataki ba ba dirang mo madirelong a mmino wa Botswana.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/47258 "Lizibo Francistown Valentine's show"]. Daily News (Botswana). Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == 0c0svqpz21vnt6zw3cyiv3jqercc2h2 0 14335 52182 2026-07-08T19:21:03Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Sadi Dikgaka 52182 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boipelo Sadi Dikgaka''', ke moanelwa mo setshwantsong sa motshikinyego wa Motswana, mogasi wa metswedi ya dikgang, le rakgwebo. O itsege thata ka go nna motshwaredi wa [[Flava Dome]], lenaneo la mmino le boitloso bodutu le le neng le gasiwa mo Botswana Television (BTV), le a neng a le tlhagisa mmogo le Loungo "King Bee" Pitse.<ref name=":0">[https://thevoicebw.com/scare-flava-domes-sadie-may-never-return/ "Scare as Flava Dome's Sadie may never return".] The Voice Botswana. 22 January 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> Leina la gagwe la Sadi le tswa mo lefokong la Setswana mosadi, le le rayang mosadi.<ref name=":1">[https://www.botswanayouth.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-sadie-dikgaka/ "10 Things You Didn't Know About Sadie Dikgaka"]. Botswana Youth Magazine. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Dikgaka o tswa kwa Molepolole mme o goletse kwa Palapye. O itlhalosa a le motlotlo ka ngwao ya gagwe ya Setswana, a tlhalosa tiragalo ya setso sa Dithubaruba jaaka nngwe ya ditiragalo tse a di ratang thata. E ne e le ngwana yo o ditlhong yo o neng a rata go tshameka ka nako ya fa a ne a le kwa sekolong sa poraemari. Lelapa la gagwe le ne le na le mmino o o nonofileng: mmemogolo wa gagwe o ne a opela mo khwaereng ya kereke mme bokgaitsadie ba ne ba nna le seabe mo dikwaereng tsa sekolo sa Sontaga.<ref name=":1" /> O ne a bona seabe sa gagwe sa go nna moanelwa mogolo mo Flava Dome morago ga go araba papatso ya go thapiwa e e neng ya gasiwa ka nako ya lenaneo ka bolone, mme a kgatlhisa setlhopha sa batlhophi.<ref name=":1" /> == Tiro ya botshelo jotlhe == === Setshwantsong sa motshikinyego === Dikgaka e ne ya nna mongwe wa difatlhego tse di itsegeng thata mo Botswana boitlosobodutung ka seabe sa gagwe mo Flava Dome, lenaneo la mmino la BTV. Lenaneo le le gasiwa ka nako e e kwa godimo mme le na le dipontsho tsa bataki ba selegae le ba kgaolo. Modulasetulo wa gagwe Loungo Pitse o tlhalositswe mo kgatisong ya dikgang jaaka molekane wa gagwe wa ka metlha mo sekirining.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">Bakang Segokgo (27 January 2022). [https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/65133 "SA Influencer to grace Gabs Power Circle event".] Daily News (Botswana). Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> === Go tshameka ka tlhamalalo === Ka kgwedi ya Moranang wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019) Dikgaka o ne a tshameka A Night With Sadi kwa Moletlong wa Maitisong kwa Gaborone, e leng tiragatso ya gagwe a le esi e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke Tefo Paya e mo go yone a neng a supa bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa go opela le go kwala maboko fa pele ga bareetsi ba ba neng ba le teng. Mmegi o tlhalositse lenaneo le jaaka Dikgaka a itshupa e le seopedi se se fetang thelebišene, a kile a bo a tshameka mo seraleng le moopedi wa dipina tsa di-Kalanga, Lizibo. <ref>Mompati Tlhankane (29 April 2019). [https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/tv-celeb-dikgaka-flashes-hidden-gifts/news "TV Celeb Dikgaka Flashes Hidden Gifts".] Mmegi Online. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> === Kgwebo le metswedi ya dikgang === Go tlaleletsa mo tirong ya gagwe ya thelebišene, Dikgaka o itiretse leina jaaka motho yo o nang le tlhotlheletso mo metsweding ya tshedimosetso ya loago le go nna rakgwebo. O ne a le mo gare ga setlhopha sa basadi ba Botswana ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso ba ba neng ba tlhagisiwa kwa tiragalong ya Gabs Power Circle ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022), e leng tiragalo ya botshelo e e neng ya kopanya batho ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso ba selegae le molekane wa gagwe wa mo Aforika Borwa Faith Nketsi.<ref name=":2" />O ntse a tshwaragane le ditiro tsa go tshola baeng kwa ditiragalong tse di akaretsang Express Yourself Fashion Gala (2024) <ref>[https://weekendpost.co.bw/strut-your-stuff-at-the-fashion-gala/ Strut Your Stuff at the Fashion Gala!".] Weekend Post. December 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == qjst9avn7j6qcz1i94aao3glxlnia53 0 14336 52186 2026-07-08T19:38:35Z Mothusi Sekhomba 9433 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359747512|Limkokwing University of Creative Technology]]" 52186 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Sekolo se Segolwane sa Limkokwing sa Ithutelo tiro''' (se gape se bidiwang '''Limkokwing''' kgotsa '''LUCT''' ) ke '''Sekolo se Segolwane sa Limkokwing sa Ithutelo tiro''' se se nang le seabe go ralala Aforika, Europe le Asia. 7d4usduyxgmca063guq0ol8fvzykrl1 0 14337 52187 2026-07-08T19:39:28Z Mothusi Sekhomba 9433 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359747512|Limkokwing University of Creative Technology]]" 52187 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Sekolo se Segolwane sa Limkokwing sa Ithutelo tiro''' (se gape se bidiwang '''Limkokwing''' kgotsa '''LUCT''' ) ke '''Sekolo se Segolwane sa Limkokwing sa Ithutelo tiro''' se se nang le seabe go ralala Aforika, Europe le Asia.. lbe4nqdttcmip5tf7kp1dpo1whvoaup 0 14338 52189 2026-07-08T19:53:58Z Mothusi Sekhomba 9433 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359484480|Checkers (supermarket chain)]]" 52189 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Checkers''' ke lebentlele la marekisetso le le kafa tlase ga kompone ya Shoprite mo [[Aforika Borwa|Aforikaborwa]]. E tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa1956 ke Norman Hertz Herber, <ref name="About Us"></ref> mme ebile e aname go ralala [[Aforika Borwa|Aforikaborwa]].<ref name="About Us">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=About Us |url=https://www.checkers.co.za/about-us |access-date=5 May 2025 |publisher=Checkers}}</ref> r3bakr5bme1t0saxynusila293ggyyo 0 14339 52190 2026-07-08T19:55:40Z Mothusi Sekhomba 9433 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359484480|Checkers (supermarket chain)]]" 52190 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Checkers''' ke lebentlele la marekisetso le le kafa tlase ga kompone ya Shoprite mo [[Aforika Borwa|Aforikaborwa]]. E tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa1956 ke Norman Hertz Herber, <ref name="About Us"></ref> mme ebile e aname go ralala [[Aforika Borwa|Aforikaborwa]].<ref name="About Us">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=About Us |url=https://www.checkers.co.za/about-us |access-date=5 May 2025 |publisher=Checkers}}</ref> r3bakr5bme1t0saxynusila293ggyyo 0 14340 52191 2026-07-08T20:12:24Z Mothusi Sekhomba 9433 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1253014302|Prostitution in Botswana]]" 52191 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boaka mo Botswana''' ga bo kgatlhanong le molao, mme melao e e tshwanang le ya kgopakgopetsano ya setšhaba, go tsamayatsamaya, go tsamayatsamaya le ditaelo tsa bodumedi tse di amogelwang ke puso di dirisiwa go sekisa diaka . <ref name="spl">{{Cite web |title=Sex Work Law - Countries |url=http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw/countries |access-date=5 January 2018 |website=Sexuality, Poverty and Law |language=en}}</ref> bq128tbgw0cxlpedasuypj1udkujujp 0 14341 52200 2026-07-09T05:51:44Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Mmino wa Dikhwaere 52200 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dikhwaere''' (singular: khwaere) ke mmino wa setso wa Setswana le mofuta wa go bina o o dirisiwang kwa Botswana. E akaretsa setlhopha se se tshamekang le dipina tse di amanang le meletlo ya setšhaba, segolobogolo ka nako ya meletlo. Mofuta ono wa mmino o amanngwa thata le kgaolo ya Kgatleng le dikarolo tse dingwe tsa borwa jwa naga, koo dikhwaere di ileng tsa tshameka ka kgaisano ka dikokomana di le dintsi. Mmino wa Dikopelo wa Bakgatla ba Kgafela, wa setso sa Bakgatla ba Kgafela, o amogetswe ke [[UNESCO]] jaaka karolo ya ngwao-boswa ya setso e e sa tshwaregeng.<ref name=":0">Boago Molwane (1 August 2018). [https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/44373 "Okanyatsa Dikhwaere challenge bigger better"]. Daily News (Botswana). Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> == Tlhaloso ya mafoko le mareo == Lefoko khwaere ke lefoko le le adimilweng mo puong ya Setswana, le le tswang mo lefokong la Seesemane choir. Sebopego sa bontsi, dikhwaere, e dira jaaka lereo la kakaretso la setlhopha sa go opela le go bina le mofuta wa mmino ka boone.<ref name=":1">Mothusi Phuthego (30 August 2013). [https://www.mmegi.bw/features/dikhwaere-in-botswana-an-enduring-cultural-practice/news "Dikhwaere in Botswana: an enduring cultural practice".] Mmegi Online. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> Go na le mareo a mabedi a Setswana a dikhwaere: medikano le dikopelo. Medikano gape e ka kaya boitlosobodutu jwa maitseboa jo bo akaretsang go opela le go bina jo bo dirwang ke basha morago ga ditiro tsa bone tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, e ka tswa e le mo ditlhopheng tsa batho ba bong bo le bongwe kgotsa tse di kopaneng.<ref name=":1" /> Dikopelo e ranolwa ka tlhamalalo jaaka "ditiro tsa go opela". Lereo la Dikopelo Folk Music of Bakgatla ba Kgafela le dirisiwa ka tlhamalalo mo bokaelong jwa leina la ngwaoboswa ya setšhaba sa Bakgatla ba Kgafela. <ref name=":0" /> == Dikarolo tsa yone == === Mokgwa wa go diragatsa === Setlhopha sa dikhwaere; se se bidiwang khwaere, se opela kopanyo ya go opela ka khwaere le go bina ka tsela e e rulagantsweng. Motshameko o o tlhalosang maikutlo ke karolo e e tlhalosang ya mofuta ono: motshameko o o tsamaisanang le one o lebeletswe go tsamaisana le maikutlo a pina, go simolola ka motshameko o o tshosang le o o matlhagatlhaga go tlhalosa moletlo kgotsa boipelo, go ya go motshameko o o roromang ka bonolo o o bontshang tlotlomalo.<ref name=":2">Eric Raphuti (18 May 2015). [https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/20142 "Dikhwaere part of culture"]. Daily News (Botswana). Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref>Bareetsi ba dikhwaere tse di tshelang ka tlwaelo ba tshwara dithobane jaaka karolo ya go nna le seabe ga setšhaba.<ref>[https://thevoicebw.com/dr-vom-steals-the-show-at-son-of-the-soil "Dr Vom steals the show at son of the soil".] The Voice Botswana. 5 March 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> === Ditema tsa mantswe === Ditema tsa mmino wa dikhwaere di tlhaloganngwa go supa temogo ya baagi go maemo a loago, a sepolotiki le a ikonomi a a leng teng ka nako nngwe le nngwe. Dipina tsa kgaisano gantsi di tlhamiwa go ya ka setlhogo se se rileng, se se ka nnang sa bua ka dikgang tsa botshelo jwa setšhaba, dikgang tsa setšhaba, kgotsa ditiragalo tse di anameng tsa lefatshe. Go tsibogela kgang eno go tsewa e le tsela e moopedi a neng a bontsha ka teng gore o na le kitso ka dilo tsa loago.<ref name=":2" /> === Maemo a dipaka le a lefelo === Ditiragalo tsa Dikhwaere di tlhagelela thata ka nako ya moletlo; segolo thata ka letsatsi la Keresemose, Letsatsi la Lebokoso, le Letsatsi la Ngwaga o Mosha, fa ditšhaba ka tlwaelo di kopana go keteka moletlo wa setšhaba. Lefelo la tlwaelo la go tshameka dikhwaere ke kwa masimong (mafelo a dipolase), jaaka setlha sa moletlo se tsamaelana le setlha sa selemo sa go lema kwa Botswana. Mofuta ono o tlhomame thata kwa dikarolong tse di kwa borwa tsa naga, mme kgaolo ya Kgatleng e na le ditlhopha tse dintsi tsa baopedi ba ba tlhagafetseng le ditiragalo tsa kgaisano. <ref name=":1" /><ref>Pako Lebanna (27 December 2025). [https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/89507 "Choirs bring festive cheer".] Daily News (Botswana). Retrieved 22 March 2026</ref> == Dikgaisano == === Kgaisano ya Botaki ya Letsatsi la Tautona === Fa e sa le go tlhomiwa ga Kgaisano ya Botaki ya Letsatsi la Tautona, dikhwaere e nnile kgaisano e e nang le maduo a madi. Go farologana le ditlhopha tse dingwe mo kgaisanong; jaaka diletswa tsa setso le dipina, ditlhopha tsa dikhwaere di patelesega go tlhama dipina tsa kgaisano ya bone ka tlhamalalo mo melelwaneng ya setlhogo sa ngwaga le ngwaga sa kgaisano. Kgaisano eno e ne ya tlotlomadiwa ka go oketsa kitso ya setšhaba ka dikhwaere jaaka mokgwa wa go bontsha setso o o kgonang go tlisa dipoelo tsa ikonomi. <ref name=":2" /> Bafenyi ba ba tumileng ba nako e e fetileng ba akaretsa Mahusane Choir ya [[Kang]], e e fentseng makgaolakgang a Dikgaisano tsa Botaki tsa Letsatsi laTautona ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013). Pina e e fentseng ya ga Mahusane e ne e bua ka bokgoni jwa botaki jwa go tlhola ditiro le go fokotsa go ikaega ka thuso ya puso.<ref name=":2" /> === Kgwetlho ya Okanyatsa Dikhwaere === [[The Okanyatsa Dikhwaere Challenge]] ke kgaisano e e ikemetseng e e tshwarwang kwa kgaolong ya Kgatleng. Kgaisano e e simolotswe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016) ke Okanyatsa Choir, e simolotse ka dikhwaere tse pedi tse di tsayang karolo ka moputso wa P1,800 mme ya gola go akaretsa dikhwaere di le tlhano kgotsa go feta ka palogotlhe ya moputso wa P15,000 ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018). Dikopelo tse di tsereng karolo mo kgatisong ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018) di ne di akaretsa Sedibelo, London, Badiragatsi, Bodiakhudu, le Makgatlheng, tsotlhe go tswa kwa Kgaolong ya Kgatleng. Badiragatsi gape a itsiwe jaaka Marema ka Chaka; o fentse kgaisano ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018) mme a amogela sefoka se se kokobalang le P5,000. Tiragalo e e ne ya ngoka go nna le seabe ga mmatlisisi go tswa kwa [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana]] Lefapha la Archaeology yo thomo ya gagwe e neng e akaretsa go kwala ditiragalo tsa dikhwaere jaaka karolo ya patlisiso e e tsweletseng le maiteko a go tlhatlhoba ngwao-boswa.<ref name=":0" /> == Go amogelwa ke UNESCO le maemo a boswa == Mmino wa Dikopelo Folk wa Bakgatla ba Kgafela, setso sa dikhwaere se se amanang le setšhaba sa Bakgatla ba Kgafela, se amogetswe jaaka karolo ya ngwao-boswa ya setso e e sa tshwaregeng ke [[UNESCO]].<ref name=":0" /> Komiti ya Bosetšhaba ya Ngwao-Boswa ya Setso e lemogile gore dikhwaere ke karolo ya ditiro tsa botsweretshi go ya ka Tumalano ya [[UNESCO]] ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003) ya go Sireletsa Ngwao-Boswa ya Setso. Baitse ba lemogile kgotlhang magareng ga go somarela ngwao-boswa le go dira kgwebo ka yone: jaaka dikhwaere di ne di ngoka kemonokeng ya dikgwebo le kgatlhego ya bojanala, ditlhotlhwa tsa go tsena mo ditiragalong dingwe di ne tsa tlhatloga ka tsela e e neng e kgoreletsa setšhaba go tsena, mme seno se ka nna sa koafatsa maemo a ngwao e fetisediwang mo go one go tswa kokomaneng go ya kokomaneng.<ref>Ketshepile More (3 December 2023). [https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/76802 "Safeguard, celebrate cultural heritage".] Daily News (Botswana). Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> == Mekgwa ya segompieno == Kwa ntle ga dikgaisano, dikhwaere di tshameka kwa meletlong ya setso le kwa meletlong ya setšhaba go ralala Botswana. Moletlo wa Setso wa Madikwe kwa Sikwane, Kgatleng; o o kwadisitsweng mo khalendareng ya ditiragalo tsa Mokgatlho wa Bojanala wa Botswana, ka gale o ne o na le dikhwaere jaaka karolo ya botlhokwa. Moletlo o, o reeletswe ka Noka ya Madikwe e e tsamayang go bapa le molelwane wa [[Botswana]] le Aforika Borwa kwa botlhaba jwa naga, o baya dikhwaere mo lenaneong le le atolositsweng le le ketekang setso sa metse ya noka ya Bakgatla ba Kgafela.<ref name=":3">Ketshepile More (25 April 2023). [https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/72735 "Madikwe Cultural Festival celebrates river villages".] Daily News (Botswana). Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> == Baopedi ba ba itsegeng == [[Dr Vom]] (Kangangwani Mogocha) o tsewa jaaka motaki yo o itsegeng thata wa segompieno mo mofuteng wa dikhwaere. Pina ya gagwe wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007) e e reng "Tsaya Thobane" e ne ya nna e e tlwaelegileng mo metshamekong ya bosetšhaba le mo ditiragalong tsa setso, mme ya nna pina ya bosetšhaba e e seng ya semmuso mo Botswana. Ditiragalo tse dingwe tse di tumileng tsa mmino wa setso tse di amanang le dikhwaere di akaretsa Moologa, Mmaratwa le Matlotla.<ref name=":3" /> == Metswedi == byywonotp5vqro68mhg3kn9xb9nipjt 0 14342 52201 2026-07-09T05:51:59Z Kentsem 12953 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1503301|Meningitis]] to:tn #mdwikicx 52201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Meningitis|synonym=|image=Meninges-en.svg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=Meninges of the [[central nervous system]]: [[dura mater]], [[arachnoid mater]], and [[pia mater]].|pronounce=|specialty=[[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]], [[neurology]]|symptoms=[[Fever]], [[headache]], [[neck stiffness]]<ref name=CDC2014B/>|complications=[[Deafness]], [[epilepsy]], [[hydrocephalus]], [[cognitive deficit]]s<ref name=Lancet/><ref name=NEJM/>|onset=|duration=|types=|causes=Viral, bacterial, other<ref name=Ginsberg/>|risks=|diagnosis=[[Lumbar puncture]]<ref name=CDC2014B/>|differential=[[Encephalitis]], [[brain tumor]], [[lupus]], [[Lyme disease]], [[seizures]], [[neuroleptic malignant syndrome]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0-323-07699-9|page=Chapter M|edition=2nd}}</ref> [[naegleriasis]]<ref name="MMWR2008">{{cite journal | title = Primary amebic meningoencephalitis – Arizona, Florida, and Texas, 2007 | journal = MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report | volume = 57 | issue = 21 | pages = 573–27 | date = May 2008 | pmid = 18509301 | url = https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5721a1.htm | author1 = Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) | access-date = 26 July 2020 | archive-date = 2 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200402060714/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5721a1.htm | url-status = live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402060714/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5721a1.htm |date=2 April 2020 }}</ref>|prevention=[[Vaccination]]<ref name=Lancet/>|treatment=|medication=[[Antibiotic|Antibiotics]], [[antivirals]], [[steroids]]<ref name=CDC2014B/><ref name=CDC2016Vir/><ref name=IDSA/>|prognosis=|frequency=8.7 million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre/>|deaths=379,000 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De/>|named after=}} '''Meningitis''' ka kakaretso ke go ruruga mo go tseneletseng ga dimela tse di apesang boboko le lerapo la mokwatla, tse di itsegeng di bidiwameninges.<ref name="Lancet">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Sáez-Llorens X, McCracken GH|title=Bacterial meningitis in children|journal=Lancet|volume=361|issue=9375|pages=2139–48|date=June 2003|pmid=12826449|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13693-8}}</ref> Dikai tsedi tlwaelesegileng thata ke letshoroma, go opiwa ke tlhogo, le go gagamala ga molala.<ref name="CDC2014B" /> Dikai tse dingwe di akaretsa go tsietsega kgotsa go sa tshwara sentle, go kgwa, le go sa kgona go nna mo lesedingkgotsa medumo e e kwa godimo.<ref name="CDC2014B" /> Bana ba bannye Gantsi ba supa fela dikai tsedi sa itlhaloseng, jaaka go sa tseega sentle mo mmeleng, go otsela kgotsa go sa a ja sentle. Fa go na le morokologo, go ka supa gore go nale sengwe se se bakang meningitis; sekai, meningitis e e bakiwang ke dibakateria tsa meningococcal e ka patiwa ke sekai sa morokologo.<ref name="Lancet" /><ref name="NEJM">{{Cite journal|vauthors=van de Beek D, de Gans J, Tunkel AR, Wijdicks EF|title=Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=354|issue=1|pages=44–53|date=January 2006|pmid=16394301|doi=10.1056/NEJMra052116}}</ref> Boruruga jo bo ka nna jwa bakwa ke go tsenwa ke megare, dibakateria, kgotsa ditshedinyana tse dingwe, mme gose kalo ke melemo mengwe . Meningitis e ka nna kotsi mo botshelong ka ntlha ya go bo boruruga jo e le gaufi le boboko le lerapo la mokwatla; ka jalo, seemo se se kaiwa ele satshoganyetso..<ref name="Lancet" /> Go phunya mo lethekeng, mo go tsenngwang lemao mo moseleng wa lerapo la mokwatla go tsaya sampole ya seeledi sa boboko jwa lerapo la mokwatla (CSF), go ka tlhatlhoba kgotsa ga kgaphela meningitis kwa thoko.<ref name="IDSA" /> Mefuta e mengwe ya bolwetse jwa meningitis e ka thibelwa ka go tiriso ya mokento ya meningococcal, mumps, pneumococcal, le ya mekento ya Hib.<ref name="Lancet" /> Go neela batho dibolayamegare ba ba nang le mefuta e e rileng ya meningitis le gone go ka nna mosola. Kalafi ya ntlha ya meningitis e e tseneletseng e akaretsa go neela dibolayamegare mme ka dinako tse dingwe melemo e e lwantshang megare.<ref name="CDC2014B" /> Corticosteroid eka dirisiwa gape go thibela mathata a a bakiwang ke borurugo feteletseng.<ref name="NEJM" /> Meningitis e kgona go baka ditlamorago tse di tlhwaafetseng tsedi tsayang lebaka lele telele jaaka go sa utlwa sentle, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, kgotsa cognitive deficits, segolobogolo fa go sa alafiwe ka bonako.<ref name="Lancet" /><ref name="NEJM" /> Ka 2015, meningitis e ne ya tlhagelela mo bathong ba ka nna didikadike di le 8,7 lefatshe ka bophara.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|last=GBD 2015 Disease Injury Incidence Prevalence Collaborators}}</ref> Seno se ne sa felela ka dintsho di le 379 000—palo e e kwa tlase go tswa go dintsho di le 464 000 ka 1990.<ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|date=October 2016|pmid=27733281|pmc=5388903|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|last=GBD 2015 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators}}</ref> Ka kalafi e e maleba borai jwa loso mo megareng ya meningitis e kwa tlase ga 15%. Go runya ga megare ya meningitis go diragala magareng ga Sedimonthole le Seetebosigo ngwaga le ngwaga mo borwa jwa Aferika wa Sahara e e bidiwang lebanta la meningitis.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Go ka runya mo go nnye mo mafelong a mangwe a lefatshe. Lefoko meningitis le tswa mo go la Segerika μῆνιγξ ''meninx'', "letha", le medical suffix''-itis'', "boruruga".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Mosby's pocket dictionary of medicine, nursing & health professions|date=2010|publisher=Mosby/Elsevier|location=St. Louis|isbn=978-0-323-06604-4|page=traumatic meningitis|edition=6th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_QGaoiFCIDMC&pg=PT4755|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910145715/https://books.google.com/books?id=_QGaoiFCIDMC&pg=PT4755|archive-date=10 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dmh%3Dnigc|vauthors=Liddell HG, Scott R|chapter=μῆνιγξ|title=A Greek-English Lexicon|location=Oxford|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=1940|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108025517/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dmh%3Dnigc|archive-date=8 November 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] novfy6hedkyst2f191j80rna132ozs4 0 14343 52202 2026-07-09T07:16:10Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Dr Vom 52202 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dr Vom''', leina la gagwe la nnete ke Kangangwani Mogocha (o belegwe ka 1977), ke moopedi wa Setswana le mokwadi wa dipina go tswa kwa [[Tati Siding]] mo Kgaolong ya Bokone Botlhaba jwa Botswana. O tsejwa ka bophara e le motho yo o di gogang kwa pele mo go direng mmino wa setso wa Setswana wa Dikhwaere, mme o itsege thata ka pina ya gagwe ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007) "Tsaya Thobane", e e fitlheletseng maemo a pina ya bosetšhaba e e seng ya semmuso kwa ditiragalong tsa metshameko le tsa setso go ralala Botswana.<ref name=":0">Nnasaretha Kgamanyane (1 April 2022). [https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/thobane-national-anthem-personified/news "Thobane: National anthem personified"]. Mmegi Online. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Kangangwani Mogocha o belegwe ka ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa e bosupa (1977) kwa Dakwi mo Kgaolong ya Bokone Botlhaba, kgaolo e e sa amaneng le mmino wa Dikhwaere. O goletse kwa Tati Siding. Le fa a ne a tswa kwa Bokone-Botlhaba, mmino wa gagwe o ne wa amanngwa thata le setso sa bogare jwa Botswana mo bareetsi ba le bantsi ba neng ba akanya gore o tswa kwa mafelong a a jaaka Kgatleng, Molepolole, kgotsa Sefhophe.<ref name=":0" /> == Tiro == === Afropop le direkoto tsa bogologolo === Mogocha o simolotse tiro ya gagwe jaaka moopedi wa mmino wa Afropop, a ntsha mmino ka leina la sethaleng la Vomit. Direkoto tsa gagwe tsa pele di ne di akaretsa pina "Matshediso", e e neng ya mo tlisetsa go tshameka mo radiong ya bosetšhaba. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006) o ne a ipitsa gape Dr Vom, a bolela phatlalatsa gore o batla leina le lesha go bontsha gore ke motho wa botaki.<ref name=":1">[https://allafrica.com/stories/200612200130.html "&#x5B;Interview with Dr Vom&#x5D;".] AllAfrica. 20 December 2006. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> Mo e ka nnang ka nako e e tshwanang o ne a tlhalosa mokgwa wa gagwe o o ntseng o fetoga wa go kwala dipina, a tlhalosa gore o ne a setse a akanya thata ka diteng tsa dipina tsa gagwe le ka tsela e a di tlhagisang ka yone mo bathong. <ref name=":1" />Dikhwaere le Tsaya Thobane Le fa Dr Vom a ne a na le balatedi jaaka motaki wa Afropop, go retologela ga gagwe kwa go Dikhwaere; mofuta wa setso o o neng o simologile mo setsong sa Setswana, o o neng o tshamekiwa ka dithobane mme o amanngwa le moletlo wa setšhaba, o ne wa mo tlisetsa tlotlo e e nnetseng ruri. Pina ya gagwe ya gwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007) "Tsaya Thobane", e e tsereng ditshwantsho tsa molao wa setso le tshwaragano ya morafe, ka bonako e ne ya nna karolo ya ditiragalo tsa bosetšhaba tsa metshameko. Pina e ne ya amanngwa thata le setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa kgwele ya dinao sa Botswana, e leng Zebras, ka balatedi ba e opela mo metshamekong. <ref name=":2">Portia Mlilo (5 March 2020). [https://thevoicebw.com/dr-vom-steals-the-show-at-son-of-the-soil/ "Dr Vom steals the show at son of the soil".] The Voice Botswana. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> Pina ena e na le moetsi wa mmino wa setso Ditiro Leero, eo Dr Vom a mo fileng tlotla e kgolo ya go bopa, a bolela gore Leero o ne a se ke a amogela kamogelo ya setšhaba e e tshwanang le ya gagwe.<ref name=":2" /> 3] == Tirisanommogo ya Rangers Marena == Tshebedisano ya nako e telele ya bokgabane pakeng tsa Dr Vom le Rangers Marena Choir e tswang Artesia e qadile ka dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007), ha mekga e mmedi e ne e kopana Lepatlelong la Naha la Gaborone nakong ya papadi ya bolo ya maoto pakeng tsa Mochudi Centre Chiefs le Township Rollers. Tirisanommogo eno e ne ya bopa tsela e Dr. Vom a neng a tla rekota ka yone moragonyana. Kwayere e ne ya nna le seabe ka bobedi mo go direng mmino le go o tlhama: pina ya "Tshaba Di Maketse" e kwadilwe ke Rangers Marena. Bidio ya mmino ya "Tsaya Thobane" e ne ya thunngwa kwa Artesia le khwaere.<ref name=":3">Fikile Kwapa (21 March 2017). [https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/34873 "Dr Vom Rangers Marena collaborate in new album".] Daily News (Botswana). Retrieved 22 March 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa(2017) botsalano joo bo ne bo setse bo tsere dingwaga di le lesome. Ngaka Vom o tlhalositse kamano ya bone e le e e agilweng ka tshepo, boikanyego, le boineelo jo bo kopanetsweng, mme a bolela gore ene le Rangers Marena ba ne ba gana dikopo tsa tirisanommogo tsa kwa ntle gore ba kgone go e boloka.<ref name=":3" /> == Dintlha tse di botlhokwa tsa mmino == Dr Vom o ne a golola tiro ya gagwe ka dialbamo di le dintsi, ka kopanyo ya Vomit vs Diparo e e nang le "Tsaya Thobane". Alebamo ya gagwe ya borobedi, Tlhabano, e e neng e dirilwe mmogo le Rangers Marena Choir, e ne ya itsisiwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017) mme e ne e akaretsa pina ya setlhogo, pina e e buang ka tlotlo ya bana mo batsading ba bone, mmogo le pina e le nngwe "Mi Nigga Wasup", e e kopantseng mafoko a Seesimane le dikarolo tsa mmino wa setso. <ref name=":3" />Mo e ka nnang ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso (2011), Dr Vom o ne a simolola go ithuta mmino wa gospel, le fa a ne a tswelela go tshameka mmino wa Dikhwaere.<ref>[https://musicofafrica.substack.com/p/pick-of-the-week-dr-vom-botswana "Pick of the Week – Dr. Vom (Botswana)".] Music of Africa. 20 July 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> == Go tshameka ka tlhamalalo == Ngaka Vom o itsege ka bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa go laola ditiragalo go ralala Botswana go sa kgathalesege gore a kwa tshimologong o ne a rulaganyeditswe go nna teng. Kwa moletlong wa 50T050 kwa Gaborone ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2016), moletlo wa ngwaga wa bo masome a matlhao wa boipuso jwa Botswana, o ne a bonwa kwa morago ga serala ke motsamaisi wa thulaganyo Zenzele Hirschfield mme a tlisiwa mo seraleng ntle le go tlhagelela mo lenaneong la kwa tshimologong. Boidiidi jwa batho bo ne jwa opela pina ya "Tsaya Thobane", morago ga moo Mokhomišenara wa Kgaolo ya Gaborone o ne a kopa gore go opelwe gape mme a etelela setlhopha sa batlakopanong pele mo mosepeleng wa dikilometara di le tlhano fa ba ntse ba opela pina eno.<ref>Sharon Mathala (26 May 2016). [https://www.mmegi.bw/ampArticle/88808 "Dr Vom Steals Limelight At 50T050 Show"]. Mmegi Online. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> Ditiragalo tse di tshwanang le tseo di ne tsa begiwa kwa Botswana Land Board & Local Authorities & Health Workers Union (BLLAHWU) Heritage Night kwa Boipuso Hall ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019),<ref>Goitsemodimo Kaelo (23 May 2019)[https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/dr-vom-lights-up-bllahwu-heritage-night/news-106991 . "Dr Vom Lights Up BLLAHWU Heritage Night".] Mmegi Online. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref>kwa Son of the Soil cultural event kwa Staywell Gardens kwa Rasesa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020),<ref name=":2" />le kwa Hika La Ngwanyana Cultural Festival ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), koo babogedi ba neng ba goroga ba tshwere dithobane le dikala ba lebeletse go tshameka ga pina.<ref>Nnasaretha Kgamanyane (22 April 2024). [https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/dr-vom-steals-the-show-at-hika-la-ngwanyana/news "Dr Vom steals the show at Hika La Ngwanyana"]. Mmegi Online. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == lk09l8g5hfu30brw3g4k4p6cgm2pvz4 0 14344 52215 2026-07-09T09:11:36Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Seromamoya sa Botswana sa RB1 52215 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Seromamoya sa Botswana'''- abbr RB1 ke seteishene sa radio mo Botswana se se tsamaisiwang ke Puso ya Botswana mo Toropokgolo ya Gaborone. Seteishene sa radio se neela dikgang, dikgang tsa segompieo ka ga lefatshe la Botswana, ngwao ya Botswana, thuto mme gape se neela balatedi ba sone boitlosobodutu.Seromamoya sa Botswana sa RB1s e simolotse go gasa ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabogwe le masome a marataro le botlhano (1965) mme ka nako eo e ne e bidiwa '''Radio Bechuanaland''' pele ga naga e ikemela. <ref>[https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/radio-botswana-rb1 "Radio Bechuanaland".] ''Music Africa''. 5 September 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2017</ref>Ka nako ya fa e ne e bidiwa Radio Bechuanaland, seteishene se ne sa thusiwa ka go fetisa makhubu go tswa kwa Mafikeng Veterinary, mme se ne se thusa lefapha ka tlhaeletsano e e akaretsang sediko sa dikilometara di le masome a mabedi . Tirisanommogo magareng ga ngaka ya diphologolo ya Mafikeng le radio ya Bechuanaland e ne e le go gasa lenaneo la temo.<ref>DIT. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180813133958/http://www.dib.gov.bw/ "partnership between radio Bechuanaland and Mafikeng veterinary"]. ''Department of information broadcasting Botswana''. Information Botswana. Archived from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 17 August 2017.</ref> Radio Bechuanaland go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabogwe le masome a marataro le bosupa (1967) e ne e le mo moyeng ka selekanyo sa dimetara di le masome a robabongwe bosigo bongwe le bongwe. Seteishene se bidiwa Seroma mowa sa Botswana ka puo ya Setswana. == Nako ya kgaso == Radio Botswana e sa ntse e gasa malatsi a le supa ka beke jaaka media wa batho ba le bantsi ka diura di le lesome le borobabobedi ka letsatsi ka Setswana le Sekgoa. <ref>Zaffiro, James J. (James Joseph) (2000). [https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/at.2000.0023 "Broadcasting Reform and Democratization in Botswana".] ''Africa Today''. '''47''' (1): 87–102. doi:10.1353/at.2000.0023. ISSN&#x20;1527-1978.</ref> === Podcasting === Radio Botswana e teng gape ka mokgwa wa podcast mo akhaontong ya seteišene. == Ditso tsa Radio Bechuanaland == Ditshupo tsa ntlha tsa radio di ne tsa amogelwa kwa Bechuanaland ka gwaga wa Sekete , makgolo a robaongwe le masome mararo le bosupa (1927). Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le borobabobedi ka ngwaga Sekete , makgolo a robaongwe le masome mararo le bone (1934), Motlhankedi wa Tshireletso wa Bechuanaland o ne a kopa gore go atolosiwe ditlamelo go ya kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa kolone.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20211203100243/https://ccms.ukzn.ac.za/Files/articles/PhD_theses/sethunya%20mosime%20-%20botswana%20television.pdf "Botswana Television (BTV) Negotiating Control and Cultural Production in a Globalising Context: A Political Economy of Media State Ownership in Africa"] (PDF). ''University of Kwa-Zulu Natal''. March 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2023.</ref> Radio Bechuanaland e simolotse go gasa diura di le 24 (24/7) ka ngwaga wa Sekete , makgolo a robaongwe le masome marataro le botlhano (1965) jaaka mogasi wa ntlha mo Botswana. Radio Bechuanaland e ne ya tlhamiwa ka thuso ya moagi wa Afrika Borwa yo gape e neng e le motlhankedi wa sepodisi wa radio ka nako eo ka leina la Peter Nel. Radio Bechuanaland e ne e direla baagi mme e ne e gasa ka maatla a 500 watts.<ref>[http://britishempire.co.uk/article/radiobechuanaland.htm "British Empire (Radio Bechuanaland history)"]. ''British Empire''. Retrieved 16 August 2017.</ref>Seteishene seno se ne sa simolola go gasa ka 3356 kHz. Radio Bechuanaland e simolotse go dira mo seteišeneng sa mapodisi se se kwa toropong e nnye e e bidiwang [[Lobatse]]. <ref>Mokopakgosi, Brian T.; Zaffiro, James J. (1994). [https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220770 "From Police Network to Station of the Nation: A Political History of Broadcasting in Botswana, 1927--1991".] ''The International Journal of African Historical Studies''. '''27''' (3): 643. doi:10.2307/220770. ISSN&#x20;0361-7882. JSTOR&#x20;220770.</ref>Maikaelelo magolo a seteišene seno e ne e le go atametsa batho kwa tshedimosetsong ka ga naga ya bone e nnye (botaki, setso le boitlosobodutu). === Sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borobabobedi (1968) === Radio Bechuanaland e ne ya nna karolo ya Lefapha la Merero ya Selegae la Botswana kwa ofising ya moporesidente e moragonyana e neng ya bopa lefapha le le neng le bidiwa Information services. Ka nako ya puso ya tlhaolele mo Afrika Borwa, mananeo a Radio Botswana a ne a amogelwa mo mafelong a mantsi a go buiwang Setswana mo nageng eo.<ref name=":0" /> === Sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome supa le borobabobedi (1978) === Radio Bechuanaland e tsene semmuso mo ditirelong tsa tshedimosetso le kgaso Botswana === Mananeo a Radio Bechuanaland ka ngwaga wa Sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome1966 === Thulaganyo ya Phatwe === Sontaga === * 5:30hrs go ya go 6:00hrs ---------------> Dikopo tsa bookelo * 6:00 go ya go 6:10 - Dikgang tsa [[BBC]] * 6:10hrs go ya go 6:15hrs ---------------> Thulaganyo ya go gwanta * 6:15 go ya go 6:30 - Mmino wa Botlhe * 6:30hrs go ya go 07:00hrs --------------> Tirelo ya kereke * Seemo sa Bosa === Mosupologo === * 3:34hrs go ya go 4:00hrs ---------------> Dikgang tsa kgwele ya dinao * 4:00 go ya go 4:10 [[- Dikgang Tsa BBC]] * 4:10hrs go ya go 4:20hrs ---------------> Dikgang tsa Sekgoa * 4:20hrs to 4:30hrs ---------------> Dikgang tsa Setswana * 4:40hrs go ya go 4:45hrs - Makasine wa Basadi * 4:45hrs go ya go 7:15hrs ---------------> Dikgang tsa beke * Seemo sa bosa === Labobedi === * 3:30 go ya go 4:00 Dikopo * 4:00 go ya go 4:30 - [[BBC News]] * 4:30hrs go ya go 4:40hrs ----------------> Dikgang tsa Sekgoa * 4:40hrs to 4:50hrs - Dikgang tsa Setswana * 4:50hrs go ya go 7:45hrs Dipina tsa mo gae * 7: 45hrs go ya go 7: 50hrs ---------------> A re ithuteng jalo * Seemo sa bosa === Laboraro === * 3:30hrs to 4:00hrs ----------------> Thuto ka mawatle * 4:00 go ya go 4:10 - [[Dikgang Tsa BBC]] * 4:10hrs go ya go 4:20hrs ----------------> Dikgang tsa Sekgoa * 4:20hrs to 4:30hrs ----------------> Dikgang tsa Setswana * 4:30 go ya go 7:00 - Mmino wa bogologolo * 7:00hrs go ya go 7:15hrs ----------------> Thulaganyo e e Kgethegileng go tswa kwa moseja * Seemo sa bosa === Labone === * 3:30hrs to 4:00hrs ----------------> Thuto ka mawatle * 4:00 go ya go 4:10 - Dikgang Tsa BBC * 4:10hrs go ya go 4:20hrs ----------------> Dikgang tsa Sekgoa * 4:20hrs to 4:30hrs ----------------> Dikgang tsa Setswana * 4:30 go ya go 7:00 Mmino wa tlelasiki * 7:00hrs go ya go 7:15hrs ----------------> Thulaganyo e e Kgethegileng go tswa kwa moseja * Seemo sa bosa === Labotlhano === * 3:30hrs go ya go 4:00hrs ----------------> Moletlo/Meletso * 4:00 go ya go 4:10 - Dikgang Tsa BBC * 4:10hrs go ya go 4:20hrs ----------------> Dikgang tsa Sekgoa * 4:20hrs to 4:30hrs ----------------> Dikgang tsa Setswana * 4:30hrs go ya go 7:15hrs ----------------> Go bitsa balemirui botlhe/Piletso ya balemi * 7:15hrs to 7:25hrs ----------------> Bua ka tlhabololo ya setšhaba/Polelo ka tsa loago * Seemo sa bosa === Matlhatso === * 3:30hrs ----------------> Inola * 4:00hrs ------------------> Dikgang * 4:14hrs - Dikopo * 4:30hrs go ya go 7:00hrs ----------------> Kakwano le kakoo === Badiri ba Radio Bechuanaland ka Sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome marataro le borataro (1966) === * [[Rre. Bernard Palmer]]: Mogakolodi wa Kgaso * [[Ian Kennedy]]: Moenjiniri yo Mogolo * [[Lucas Kgang]]: Moanamisi * [[Joshua Chelenyane]]: Moanamisi * [[Gabriel Nyammbe]]: Morulaganyi * [[Douglas Moiketsi]] * [[Noel Pilane]]: Moanamisi Dingaan Mochila motlhankedi wa kgaso == Go gasa mo Bechuanaland == [[Setshwantsho:Broadcasting in Bechuanaland.jpg|thumb|Go nopola Bernard Palmer]] === Makgetlo === [[Lobatse|Lobatse:]] [[Gaborone|Gaborone:]] RB1- 89.9FM RB2- 103.00FM [[Mahalapye|Mahalapye:]] [[Serowe|Serowe:]] [[Palapye]]: [[Selebi-Phikwe|Selibe Phikwe:]] [[Francistown|Francistown:]] [[Maun|Maun:]] == Metswedi == 9piufmaasq2yt6kdcoz61x4funt8i11 0 14345 52217 2026-07-09T10:50:07Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Botsogo mo Botswana #Setswana Knowledge Activation 52217 wikitext text/x-wiki Tsamaiso ya '''botsogo mo Botswana''' e ntse e tokafatsa le go atolosa mafaratlhatlha a yone gore e kgone go fitlhelelwa motlhofo. Maemo a lefatshe jaaka lefatshe le le nang le letseno le le kwa godimo fa gare, a dirile gore lefatshe le kgone go dira kgatelopele mo go tlameleng bontsi jwa batho ba Botswana ka tlhokomelo ya botsogo. Bontsi jwa banni ba Botswana ba ba didikadike di le pedi le dikete di le tharo jaanong ba nna mo sekgelengb sa dikhilomithara di le tlhano go tswa kwa kokelong kgotsa kokelwana ya botsogo.<ref name=":0">[https://www.unicef.org/botswana/health-and-nutrition "Health and nutrition".] ''www.unicef.org''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Ka ntlha ya se, go tlhokafala ga masea le bomme ka nako ya pelegi go ile kwa tlase.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana "Africa :: Botswana — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency"]. ''www.cia.gov''. Archived from [https://www.cia.gov/stories/story/spotlighting-the-world-factbook-as-we-bid-a-fond-farewell/ the original] on January 9, 2021. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Go tokafala ga mafaratlhatlha a botsogo mo lefatsheng le gape go bontshistwe ka koketsego ya palo ya boleele jwa botshelo go tswa kwa nako ya fa ngwana a belegwa, e ka nna bana bolthe ba ba belegelwang mo dikokelong.<ref name=":0" /> Go kgona go tlamelwa ka tsa botsogo ga go a fedisa mathata otlhe a lefatshe a botsogo, jaaka mafatshe a mantsi go kagbaganya [[Aferika|Aforika]], lefatshe la [[Botswana]] le santse le itemogela dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa bolwetsi jwa HIV/AIDS le malwetsi a mangwe a a tshelanwang. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le boraro, 25% ya banni ba Botswana e ne e amilwe ke mogare wa HIV/AIDS.<ref name=":2">[https://www.beintheknow.org/understanding-hiv-epidemic/data "HIV and Aids in Botswana".] ''Avert''. AVERT International HIV & Aids Charity. 2020-04-23. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana gape le na le dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa tlhaelo dikotla mo baneng ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano mo go bakileng matshwenyego a mangwe a botsogo a tshwana le letshololo le go tlhoka go gola sentle.<ref name=":3">[https://globalnutritionreport.org/resources/nutrition-profiles/ "Botswana Nutrition Profile".] ''Global Nutrition Report''. 2020-02-17. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> == Mafaratlhatlha a botsogo == Lefatshe la Botswana le neela banni botlhe ba Botswana tlhokomelo ya botsogo ka mafaratlhatlha a botsogo a puso, mafaratlhatlha a botsogo a a ikemetseng le one a teng. Puso e okametse 98% ya dikokelo tsa botsogo. Tlhokomelo ya botsogo mo Botswana, e neelwa ka mokgwa o o kgaogantsweng ka tlhokomelo ya botsogo<ref>''Healthcare management''. Kieran Walshe, Judith Smith (Third&nbsp;ed.). London. 2016. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-335-26352-3|978-0-335-26352-3]]</bdi>. OCLC&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/961878358 961878358.]</ref><ref>''Association of medicine and psychiatry primary care psychiatry''. Robert M. McCarron (Second&nbsp;ed.). Philadelphia. 2019. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4963-4921-7|978-1-4963-4921-7]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/1088810484 1088810484.]</ref> ya motheo e le yone tsamaiso kgolo ya botsogo. Lefatshe la Botswana le na le mafaratlhatlha a tseneletseng a botsogo (dipatela, dikokelo, dikokelwana, le tse di tsamayang) mo dikgaolong tse di masome mabedi le bosupa. Fa godimo ga dikokelo di le lekgolo le bone tse di nang le malao, di le lekgolo masome a robabongwe le botlhano tse di senang malao, dikokelwana di le makgolo a mararo, masome a mararo le borobabobedi le tse di tsamayang di le makgolo a robabobedi, masome a mane le bone, ditirelo tsa botsogo jwa motheo mo Botswana di amantswe le ditirelo tse dingwe tsa sepatela, di neelwa mo dikarolong tsa balwetsi ba ba sa robadiwang.<ref name=":4">[http://www.statsbots.org.bw/health "Health".] ''Statistics Botswana''. 2016-05-09. Retrieved 2026-09-07.</ref> Ke ka ditsamaiso tse gore a bo ditirelo tsa go thibela, go rotloetsa le go fodisa le tlhokomelo di neelwang. Go tla go itekodisa, banni ba Botswana ba lopiwa madi a a kanang ka dipula tse tlhano, kwa ntle ga ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano kgotsa tse di fetileng masome a marataro le botlhano, ba bone ba lekodisiwang go sa lopiwe sepe. Mafaratlhatlha a dipatela tsa puso a rulagantswe fa gare ga dipatela tsa motheo, tse di berekang jaaka dipatela tsa malwetsi otlhe, di na le ditsompelo tsa go alafa malwetsi a a farologaneng le matshosetsi a botsogo, dipatela tsa dikgaolo, tse di nang le malao a mantsi di na le di tlamelo tsa go alafa malwetsi a a masisi, le dipatela tse go romelwang batho ke dingaka tse dingwe kwa go tsone, tse di nang le ditlamo tsa go alafa malwetsi a a rileng. Go na le dipatela tse di ikemetseng di le pedi mo lefatsheng leo. Puso e dulelela kalafi ya balwetsi ba ba romelwang kwa mafatsheng a sele go bona kalafi.<ref>''The State of Nursing and Nursing Education in Africa: A Country-by-country Review'', [[:en:Sigma_Theta_Tau|Sigma Theta Tau]] (2012)</ref><ref>[http://www.moh.gov.bw/hospitals1.html "Ministry Of Health & Wellness, Botswana".] ''www.moh.gov.bw''.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140803005024/http://www.aho.afro.who.int/profiles_information/index.php/Botswana:The_Health_System "Botswana:The Health System - AHO".] ''www.aho.afro.who.int''. Archived from [https://aho.afro.who.int/profiles_information/index.php/Botswana:The_Health_System the original] on August 3, 2014.</ref> == Ditlamelo tsa botsogo == === Ditshenyegelo tsa botsogo === Ditshenyegelo tsotlhe tsa Botswana mo botsogong ke 5.4% ya dipoelo kgotsa di dolara di le makgolo a robabobedi, masome a supa le motso motho a le mongwe.<ref name=":4" /> Mo dingwageng tse tlhano ste di fitileng, lekgotla la UNICEF le akanyetsa fa puso e abetse 11% wa kabo ya madi yotlhe mo ditirelong tsa botsogo.<ref name=":0" /> Mo patlisisong e e dirilweng ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro ke porojeke ya molao wa botsogo, go lemogilwe f puso ya Botswana e duela 5% ya madi otlhe a a dirisetswang tsa botsogo mo lefatsheng leo. Bontsi jwa madi ao a tswa mo dipoelong tsa ditswammung mo go rayang gore puso e ne e sa tlhoke go ntsha madi a lekgetho mo go tsa botsogo. 39% wa madi a botsogo o ne a tswa mo dikomponeng le batho ba ba ikemetseng, ba ba abang madi ba dira 7 % fela.<ref>[https://www.healthpolicyproject.com/pubs/7887/Botswana_HFP.pdf "Health Financing Profile, Botswana"] (PDF). ''Health Policy Project''. May 2016. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Mo ditsong, bontsi jwa madi a botsogo kwa Botswana bo ne bo tswa mo bathong ba ba abang madi e le maiteko a mafatshefatshe a go emisa go anama ga HIV/AIDS mo Aforika. Mo dingwageng tsa mo bosheng, madi a, a fokotsegile ka maiteko a mafatshefatshe a go fedisa go anama ga HIV/AIDS a fokotsegile, lefatshe la Botswana le okeditse dipoelo tsa lone. Lenaneo la ga tautona la potlako la go imolola AIDS (PEPFAR) le fokoditse madi a le a abang go tswa kwa didikadikeng di le masome a robabongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome go ya kwa didikadikeng tsa di dolara di le masome a mane ka nwgaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro, madi a ne a fokodiwa gape go nna di dolara di le didikadike di le makgolo a mararo le botlhano ka seelo se se beilweng sa go tsweledisa go fokotsa seelo ka didikadike di lelesome ka ngwaga.<ref>Cooke, Jennifer (2012-11-30). [https://www.csis.org/analysis/competing-pressures-us-pepfar-botswana "Competing Pressures for U.S. PEPFAR in Botswana"]. ''Center For Strategic and International Studies''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> == Babereki == [[Setshwantsho:Princess Marina Hospital - Administration Building.jpg|thumb|Sepatela sa Princess Marina]] Dingaka tsa Botswana ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro di ne di le 0.37 mo bathong ba le sekete.<ref name=":1" /> === Batlamedi ba botsogo mo maranyaneng === * Khansele ya Botswana ya batho ba ba tlamelang mo go tsa botsogo ga e na batho ba tlamelang mo go tsa botsogo mo maranyaneng * Medpages: go senka batho ba botsogo ka tatelano le kgaolo go letla go batla batho ba botsogo ka leina kgotsa ka se ba itebagantseng le sone mo go tsa botsogo == Dipatela == Lefatshe la Botswana le na dipatela di le masome mabedi le borataro go anama lefatshe tse di leng bontlha jwa mafaratlhatlha a a kgaogantsweng gararo a okametswe ke lepghata la botsogo. Mafaratlhatlha a ntlha a na le dipatela di le lesome le borataro kwa magaeng tse sengwe le sengwe sa tsone se tlamelang batho ba palo e e sa feteng dikete di le lesome. Sepatela sengwe le sengwe se na le malao a le masome mabedi go tsena a le masome a supa. Mafaratlhatlha a bobedi a na le dipatela tsa kgaolo di le supa kwa magaeng a magolwane le ditoropo. Di na le malao a ka nna masome a supa le motso go tsena a le makgolo a mabedi, le masome a matlhano. Mafaratlhatlha a boraro a na le dipatela tse dingaak di romelang balwetsi kwa go tsone di le tharo tse di lebaganang le malwetsi a a faphegileng.<ref>Seitio-Kgokgwe, Onalenna; Gauld, Robin DC; Hill, Philip C; Barnett, Pauline (2014-09-13). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4181967 "Assessing performance of Botswana's public hospital system: the use of the World Health Organization Health System Performance Assessment Framework".] ''International Journal of Health Policy and Management''. '''3''' (4): 179–189. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2883_607.html 10.15171/ijhpm.2014.85.] [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:2322-5939 2322-5939]. [[:en:PubMed_Central#PMCID|PMC]]&nbsp;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4181967/ 4181967]. [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25279380/ 25279380.]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome, dipatela tsa Botswana di ne di na le malao a le 1.8 mo bathong ba le sekete.<ref name=":1" /> == Seemo sa botsogo == === Boleele jwa botshelo === Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi, boleele jwa botshelo go simolola ka nako ya pelegi kwa Botswana e ne e le dingwaga di le masome a marataro le bone mo go borre le masome a marataro le borobabobedi mo go bomme.<ref name=":4" /> Kgonagalo ya go tlhokafala o le ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le tlhano ke masome a mararo le borataro mo dipeleging di le sekete tsa bana ba ba tshedileng. Go ya ka UNICEF, dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa dipelegi tsa kwa dipateleng le palo e e kwa godimo ya dintsho tsa bana di supa tlhaelo ya tlhokomelo ya maemo a a kwa godimo ya bomma bana le masea fa ba tswa mo sepatela.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">[https://data.unicef.org/country/bwa/ "Botswana (BWA) - Demographics, Health & Infant Mortality".] ''UNICEF DATA''. Retrieved 2026-07-09.</ref> Kgonagalo ya go tlhokafala o le dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano go tsena dingwaga di le masome a marataro e ne e le makgolo a mabedi, masome a robabongwe le bone mo go borre ba le sekete le makgolo a mabedi le borobabobedi mo go bomme ba le sekete.<ref name=":4" /> === Seelo sa pelegi === Seelo sa pelegi mo Botswana e ne e le dipelegi di le masome a mabedi mo bathong ba le sekete ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le masome a mabedi, se se dira gore e nne lefatshe la masome a supa le bobedi ka tsholo mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref name=":1" /> === Botsogo jwa bomme le masea === Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi, didikadike di le 0.5 (26%) ya Botswana, e ne e akanyediwa fa didikadike di le pedi tsa batho ba Botswana e le bomme ba dingwaga tsa pelegi; ka jalo seelo sa tsholo e ne e le 2.6 ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi.<ref>[https://www.unfpa.org/sowmy "State of the World's Midwifery 2014 | UNFPA - United Nations Population Fund"]. ''www.unfpa.org''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Seelo sa dintsho tsa bomme ka nako ya pelegi kwa Botswana e ne e le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano; se se tshwantshiwa le palo e o gabedi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe, fa seelo sa dintsho tsa bomme ka nako ya pelegi e neng e le makgolo a mabedi, masome a mane le boraro.<ref>[https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/sdg-target-3-1-maternal-mortality#B "Maternal mortality country profiles".] ''World Health Organization''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe go stena dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano, go ne go na le phokotsego ya 47% ya dintsho tsa bomme ka nako ya pelegi, se ke palo e ekwa tlase ka 75% wa seelo se se neng se beilwe. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano, Botswana o ne a le mo maemong a masome a matlhano le botlhano mo mafatshenga le lekgolo, masome a robabongwe le boraro mo lefatsheng ka bophara, ka seelo sa go tlhokafala ga bana; go ne go na le dintsho di ka nna masome a mane le bone mo baneng ba le sekete ba ba tshedileng ka nako ya pelegi (palo e, e lekana le bana ba le dikete pedi ba ba tlhokafalang ba le dingwaga di le kwa tlase ga botlhano).<ref name=":5" /> Le ntswa e le kwa godimo, se e ne e le tokafalo go tswa kwa ngwageng wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe - fa seelo sa dintsho tsa bana e ne e le masome a matlhano le bone. Dipalo tsa UNICEF tsa mo bosheng di supa fa seelo sa Botswana sa dintsho tsa bana ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga Botswana jaanong e le masome a mararo le borataro. Le ntswa seelo sa dintsho tsa bana mo Botswana se le kwa godimo, se kwa tlase ga mafatshe ka bontsi mo Aforika, se se raya gore go itekanela ga bana go kwa godimo mo Botswana go gaisa bonts jwa mafatshe mo Aforika. Botswana ke lefatshe le le nang le dipoelo tse di kwa godimo fa gare le na le palo e potlana ya batho. Palo ya dintsho tsa masea mo Botswana le yone e ile kwa tlase mo dingwageng di le lesome le botlhano; ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe seelo sa dintsho tsa masea e ne ele masome a mane le bobedi, palo e e fokotsegile go nna masome a mararo le botlhano ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano. Kakanyetso ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le masome a mabedi ya CIA World Factbook e lemogile fa palo ya dintsho tsa pelegi mo Botswana e le 28.6 mo bathong ba le sekete. Masea a basimane a tlhokafala ka seelo sa 29.2 mo seketeng ba basetsana ba le 24.4 mo seketeng. Lefatshe la Botswana le mo maemong a masome a marataro le borataro mo lefatsheng ka bophara go ya ka CIA World Factbook.<ref name=":1" /> === Go thibela pelegi === Go ya UNFPA, 52.8% ya bomme ba ne ba dirisa dithibedi tsa pelegi tsa sesha ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro.<ref>[https://botswana.unfpa.org/en/news/botswana-introduces-contraceptive-implants "UNFPA Botswana | Botswana introduces contraceptive implants".] ''botswana.unfpa.org''. 5 September 2016. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> == Mathata a a tlwaelesegileng a botsogo == === Letshololo mo baneng ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano === Letshololo le tlhalosiwa e le go ntsha boloko jwa setho jo bo repileng gararo kgotsa go feta ka letsatsi (kgotsa go ya go itlhoma kgapetsa kgapetsa mo go sa tlwaelesegang).<ref>[https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease "Diarrhoeal disease".] ''www.who.int''. Retrieved 2026-07-09.</ref> Batho ba ba tshwaeditsweng ka letshololo ba itemogela mantle a a metsi gararo ka letsatso kgotsa gangwe le gape go gaisa jaaka go tlwaelesegile mo bathong ba ba sa amegang.<ref name=":6">Wardlaw, Tessa; Salama, Peter; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Chopra, Mickey; Mason, Elizabeth (March 2010). "Diarrhoea: why children are still dying and what can be done". ''The Lancet''. '''375''' (9718): 870–872. doi:[https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673609617980 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61798-0]. ISSN[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0140-6736 &nbsp;0140-6736.] PMID&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19833382/ 19833382]. S2CID&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29645246 29645246].</ref> Gompieno, letshololo e santse e le lengwe la mabaka a magolo a a bakang dintsho le malwetse mo lefatsheng ka bophara,<ref>Pr??ss-??st??n, Annette; Corval??n, Carlos (January 2007). [https://www.ovid.com/jnls/epidem/abstract/10.1097/01.ede.0000239647.26389.80~how-much-disease-burden-can-be-prevented-by-environmental?redirectionsource=fulltextview "How Much Disease Burden can be Prevented by Environmental Interventions?".] ''Epidemiology''. '''18''' (1): 167–178. doi:[https://www.ovid.com/jnls/epidem/abstract/10.1097/01.ede.0000239647.26389.80~how-much-disease-burden-can-be-prevented-by-environmental?redirectionsource=fulltextview 10.1097/01.ede.0000239647.26389.80]. ISSN&nbsp;1044-3983. PMID&nbsp;16971860. S2CID&nbsp;[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/022cae94d61ea2ca59c1014a11a49c1cae8abcf4 33669179.]</ref> fa godimo ga foo, le supiwa fa e le lebaka la bobedi la dintsho mo baneng ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano, morago ga pneumonia, se se dira gore le bake dintsho tse di fetang tse di bakiwang ke HIV, mmokwane le malaria di kopantswe mo setlhopheng sa dingwaga tse.<ref>Fischer Walker, Christa L.; Aryee, Martin J.; Boschi-Pinto, Cynthia; Black, Robert E. (2012-01-03). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3250411/ "Estimating Diarrhea Mortality among Young Children in Low and Middle Income Countries"]. ''PLOS ONE''. '''7''' (1) e29151. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...729151F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029151. ISSN&nbsp;1932-6203. PMC&nbsp;3250411. PMID&nbsp;22235266.</ref> Lekgotla la [[World Health Organisation]] (WHO) le akanyeditse fa bana ba ka nna didikadike di robabongwe ba ba ka fa talse ga dingwaga steo ba tlhokafala ngwaga le ngwaga,<ref name=":6" /> mo go bone ba le didikadike di le nne e le ka ntlha ya letshololo, ba le didikadike di le pedi le dikete tse pedi e le malwetsi a a amanang le lesthololo, bontsi jwa bana ba bannye ba tswa mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologang.<ref>Arvelo, Wences; Kim, Andrea; Creek, Tracy; Legwaila, Ketumetse; Puhr, Nancy; Johnston, Stephanie; Masunge, Japhter; Davis, Margarett; Mintz, Eric; Bowen, Anna (November 2010). [https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1201971210024574 "Case–control study to determine risk factors for diarrhea among children during a large outbreak in a country with a high prevalence of HIV infection".] ''International Journal of Infectious Diseases''. '''14''' (11): e1002–e1007. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2010.06.014. ISSN&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1201-9712 1201-9712]. PMID&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20932791/ 20932791.]</ref> Tlhotlheletso ya letshololo mo lefatsheng lotlhe e masisi thata go kgabaganya Aforika, ka ntlha ya go nna kwa godimo ga HIV.<ref name=":7">Popoola, Tosin; Mchunu, Gugu (May 2015). "Application of PRECEDE-PROCEED model to tackle problems identified with diarrhoea burden among under-5s in Botswana". ''International Journal of Nursing Practice''. '''21''': 67–70. doi:[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijn.12328 10.1111/ijn.12328]. ISSN&nbsp;1322-7114. PMID&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26125574/ 26125574.]</ref> Thibelo ya letshololo mo kgaolong e, ke kgwetlho mo botsogong ka metswedi ya yone e e mentsi, jaaka go amusa ga bomme ba ba nang le mogare wa HIV, go tlhoka go itshetlela ga phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, le go tlhoka go baakanya bophepa jwa setshaba, se se supa bolthokwa jwa go tlhaloganya mokgwa wa bolwetse le methale ya go rarabolola bothata jo. Dipatlisiso di supa fa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro go tsena dikete pedi le lesome le motso go ne go na le bana ba ba amilweng ke letshololo ba le dikete di le lekgolo, masome a supa le motso, makgolo a mabedi, masome a robabobedi mo Botswana, mme ga baka dintsho tsa bana ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano<ref name=":7" /> ba le sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mabedi. Maduo a, a magolo ka batho botlhe mo Botswana ba feta didkadike di le pedi fela,<ref name=":7" /> gape lefatshe leo le na le palo e e kwa godimo ya batho ba ba amilweng ke mogare wa HIV lefatshe ka bophara, ba akanyediwa go na 17% ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi.<ref>Alexander, KA; Blackburn, JK (2013-08-26). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3765974/ "Overcoming barriers in evaluating outbreaks of diarrheal disease in resource poor settings: assessment of recurrent outbreaks in Chobe District, Botswana"]. ''BMC Public Health''. '''13''' (1): 775. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-775. ISSN&nbsp;1471-2458. PMC&nbsp;3765974. PMID&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23971427/ 23971427].</ref> Seemo se, se beile ba ba amegileng ka fa mosing wa go tsenwa ke malwetsi a a tshelanwang le letshololo. === HIV/AIDS === 20.3% ya bagolo ba Botswana ba ba dingwaga di lesome le botlhano go tsena dingwaga tse di masome a mane le borobabongwe ba na le mogare wa [[HIV/AIDS mo Botswana|HIV/AIDS]]. Se ke phokotsego mo 25% ya palo ya batho ba Botswana ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le boraro. Lefatshe la Botswana le mo maemong a bone a dipalo ste dintsi tsa HIV mo lefatsheng ka bophara, le sala morago la [[Aforika Borwa]], [[Lesotho]] le [[Eswatini]].<ref name=":2" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi, lefatshe la Botswana le ne le na le batho ba le dikete di robabobedi, makgolo a matlhano ba ba tsenweng ke bolwetsi mo bosheng, le dintsho di le dikete di le nne le makgolo a robabobedi tse di bakilwengke HIV/AIDS, e le kwelo tlase mo palong e e kwa godimo ya dikete di le lesome le borobabobedi tsa dintsho ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bobedi.<ref name=":2" /> === Kalafi e e sa duelelweng ya di-antiretroviral === Lefatshe la Botswana e ne e le lone la ntlha go kgabaganya [[Aferika|Aforika]] go neela batho ba ba fitlhetsweng ka mogare wa HIV/AIDS kalafi ya mafala ya di antiretroviral.<ref name=":1" /> Ka jalo, ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi, 85% ya bagolo le 38% ya bana ba ba tshelang ka mogare wa HIV/AIDS ba ne ba le mo kalafing e.<ref name=":2" /> === Go tlhoka tekatekano mo go bomme === Bomme ba tswa kgakala ba amiwa ke HIV/AIDS go fetisa borre kwa Botswana. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro, palo ya bomme ba ba amilweng ke HIV/AIDS e ne e le 26.3%. Borre ba dingwaga tseo ba ba amilweng ke HIV/AIDS ba ne ba le 17.6%.<ref name=":2" /> Go tlhakanela dikobo ba santse ba le bannye, go patelediwa go nyalwa le kgokgontsho ya bong, di dirile gore bomme mo Botswana ba aramele mosi wa HIV/AIDS. Puso ya Botswana e dirile maiteko a go rarabolola go tlhoka tekatekano mo ka go oketsa ditirelo tsa bomme ba ba botlana, go beeletsa mo itsholelong ya go nonotsha bomme le mananeo a go thibela HIV a basetsana.<ref name=":2" /> === Dikakanyetso tsa HIV/AIDS ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi === Motswedi:<ref>[https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/botswana "Botswana"]. ''www.unaids.org''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> * Bagolo le bana ba ba tshelang ka mogare wa HIV: dikete di le makgolo a mararo le masome a supa * Bagolo ba ba dingwaga di lesome le botlhano go tsena dingwaga di le masome a mane le borobabongwe: 20.3 * Bagolo ba ba dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano le go feta ba ba tshelang ka HIV: dikete di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano * Bomme ba ba dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano le go feta ba ba tshelang ka mogare wa HIV: dikete di le lekgolo le masome a matlhano * Bana ba ba kwa tlase ga ngwaga go tsena ba dingwaga tse di lesome le bone ba ba tshelang ka mogare wa HIV: dikete di le lesome le bone * Dintsho tse di bakiwang ke AIDS: dikete di le nne, le makgolo a robabobedi * Masiela ka ntlha ya AIDS ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga bongwe go tsena dingwaga di le lesome le bosupa: dikete di le masome a marataro le botlhano === Malaria === Go na le borai jo bontsi jwa [[malaria]] kwa bokone jwa Botswana, dikgaolo di tshwana le makgadikgadi a Okavango, go tswa ka Ngwanatsele go tsena Seetebosigo. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le boraro go ne go na le batho ba le makgolo a mane, masome a matlhano le borataro ba ba begilweng fa ba tsenwe ke bolwetsi joo; go ne go na le dintsho di supa mo go ba ba tlhomamisitsweng le ba ba belaelwang ba tsenwe ke malaria.<ref>[https://www.who.int/data/gho/legacy?lang=en "GHO | By country | Botswana - statistics summary (2002 - present)". ''WHO''.] Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> === Tlhaelo ya dikotla === Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa, 11.2% ya bana ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano mo Botswana ba ne ba tlhaela dikotla, e le palo ee oketsegileng go tswa kwa go 10.1% wa ngwaga wa dikete pedi. Ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya dikotla, 31.4% ya bana ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga bolthano ga ba gole sentle.<ref name=":3" /> UNICEF e akanyetsa fa ngwana a le mongwe mo go ba le batlhano a amusiwa ka lebele mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse thataro, 46% fela ya bana ba neelwa dijo gape ba amuiswa lebele ba le dikgwedi di le thataro go tsena di robabongwe. Mabaka a, a na le seabe mo palong e e kwa godimo ya go tlhoka go gola sentle le palo e e kwa goidmo ya dintsho tsa bana mo Botswana ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro, 18.9% ya palo ya batho mo Botswana ba ne ba le bakima mo go feteletseng, ka jalo lefatshe la nna mo maemong a lekgolo, lesome le bone a bokima mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref name=":1" /> === Kgotlholo e tona === Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe, palo ya dintsho tse di bakiwang ke kgotlholo e tona e ne e le masome a robabongwe le bosupa mo bathong ba lemdikete di le lekgolo. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano, palo ya dintsho tse di bakilweng ke kgotlholo e tona e ne e fokotsegile ka 76% go nna dintsho di le masome mabedi le bobedi mo bathong ba le dikete di le lekgolo; se se raya gore lefatshe la Botswana le fitlheletse nngwe ya dielo tsa borataro tsa Millenium Development.<ref>WHO (2015)</ref> === Segajaja sa Coronavirus (COVID-19) === Lefatshe la Botswana le nnile le batho ba le bararo ba ntlha go tlhomamisiwa fa ba na le mogare wa COVID-19 ka Mopitlo a le masome a mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le masome a mabedi, le loso lo le lengwe ka Mopitlo a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi.<ref>[https://iol.co.za/news/south-africa/botswana-registers-first-covid-19-cases-as-three-people-test-positive-45797335/ "Botswana registers first Covid-19 cases as three people test positive".] ''www.iol.co.za''. Retrieved 2026-07-09.</ref> Fa le tsibogela go anama ga mogare wa COVID-19, lefatshe la Botswana le ne la tswala melelwane yotlhe ya lone, beng gae fela e ne e le bone ba letlelelwang go tswa le go tsena. Beng gae ba ba neng ba tswa kwa mafatsheng a a nang le borai jo bo kwa godimo ba ne ba tsenngwa mo serubing ke puso malatsi a le lesome le bone kwa mafelong a a tlhomamisitsweng ke puso.<ref>[http://www.botswana.se/News/COVID-19-PRESS-RELEASE "Republic of Botswana ♦ Embassy in Stockholm, Sweden ♦".] ''www.botswana.se''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Puso e ne ya dira seemo sa tshoganyetso go simolola ka Moranang a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi go fitlhelela ba utlwa gape.<ref>[https://bw.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ "COVID-19 Information"]. ''U.S. Embassy in Botswana''. 2020-04-01. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> [[Mokgweetsi Masisi|Tautona Masisi]] o ne a bitsa seemo sa tshoganyetso sa dikgwedi tse thataro fa lefatshe le lebanwe ke go tlhagoga ga COVID-19. Ka Moranang a le malatsi a robabobedi ngwag wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi, matona a puso le mapalamente ba ne ba amega fa ba kopana le mmereki wa botsogo o o tsenweng ke mogare o wa COVID-19 fa a ba tlhatlhoela COVID-19. Ka jalo badira molao ba akaretsa tautona Masisi, ba ne ba tsena mo serubing.<ref>Mguni, Mbongeni (April 9, 2020). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-09/botswana-places-cabinet-parliament-in-quarantine-over-virus "Botswana Places Cabinet, Parliament in Quarantine Over Virus".] ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref> Ka Motsheganong a robabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi puso e ne ya simolola go fokotsa dikiletso tsa metsamao.<ref>[https://www.africanews.com/2020/07/03/botswana-president-in-self-isolation-after-namibia-trip// "Botswana coronavirus: road transport resumes, regulations gazetted".] ''Africa News''. 2020-05-10. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> == Go tshwaya diphoso == Le ntswa lefatshe la Botswana le na le babereki ba bantsi ba botsogo mo kgaolong nngwe le nngwe, bontsi ba kwa ditoropong. Lefatshe gape le itemogela palo e e kwa godimo ya ditiro tsa botsogo mo dikgaolong tse dintsi tsa lone. Lefatshe la Botswana le reteletswe ke go tshegetsa babereki ba botsogo ba ba ithutetseng tiro kwa mafatsheng a sele, selo se, se nnile le seabe mo palong e e kwa dimo ya ditiro.<ref name=":8">Nkomazana, Oathokwa (2014-11-21). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4564932/ "Human resources for health in Botswana: The results of in-country database and reports analysis".] ''African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine''. '''6''' (1): E1-8. doi:10.4102/phcfm.v6i1.716. PMC&nbsp;4564932. PMID&nbsp;26245420.</ref><ref name=":9">Nkomazana, Oathokwa (2015-08-18). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4564932/ "Stakeholders' Perceptions on Shortage of Healthcare Workers in Primary Healthcare in Botswana: Focus Group Discussions"]. ''African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine''. '''6''' (1): E1-8. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1035846N. doi:10.4102/phcfm.v6i1.716. PMC&nbsp;4564932. PMID&nbsp;26245420.</ref> Patlisiso ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bone ya babereki mo Botswana, e supile fa lefatshe le tshwanetse go simolola go kgatlha le go tshegetsa bareki ba botsogo ba mafatshe a sele fa le tsweletse ka go rotloetsa mananeo a thuto mo gae.<ref name=":8" /> Go itsa go tlhoka tekatekano mo ditirelong tsa botsogo, puso e tshwanetse go phatlalatsa babereki ka tsela e e tlaa thibang diphatlha tsa tiro.<ref name=":9" /> Patlisiso ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro e lemogile fa go ne go na le kamano gareng ga mooki le ngaka, le palo ya dintsho le go latedisa molwetsi. Ba ne ba lemoga fa go oketsa dingaka go na babedi eseng e nngwe mo bathong ba le dikete di le lesome go ka fokotsa kgonagalo ya loso ka 27%. Tharabololo e ba e beileng pele ke go anamisa babereki ba botsogo le lefatshe ka tekatekano, mo go tlaa fokotsang kgonagalo ya dintsho, fa puso e rarabolola bothata jo e nang le bone mo go tshegetseng babereki ba ba tswang kwa ntle le go tokafatsa mananeo a thuto mo gae.<ref>Mansoor, Farahani (2016-08-04). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4974006/ "Impact of Health System Inputs on Health Outcome: A Multilevel Longitudinal Analysis of Botswana National Antiretroviral Program (2002-2013)"]. ''PLOS ONE''. '''11''' (8) e0160206. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1160206F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160206. PMC&nbsp;4974006. PMID&nbsp;27490477.</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[HIV/AIDS mo Botswana]] * [[Dipatela mo Botswana]] * [[Segajaja sa Covid-19 mo Botswana|Segajaja sa COVID-19 mo Botswana]] * [[World Health Organisation|World Health Organization]] == Metswedi == pv9j4kahz04qhz2fcwlv0rvi48he2tn 0 14346 52218 2026-07-09T10:51:30Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Tumelo ya Hinduism mo Botswana 52218 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bohindu''' ke bodumedi jwa batho ba le mmalwa bo bo dirisiwang ke 0.3% ya baagi ba Botswana.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220623215550/https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Population%20%26%20Housing%20Census%20Dissemination%20analytical%20report%20.pdf "POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS 2011 ANALYTICAL REPORT"] (PDF). ''www.statsbots.org.bw''. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-06-23.</ref> Mokgwa wa Sehindu mo [[Botswana]] o tsepamisitswe mo [[Gaborone]] le [[Selebi-Phikwe]] le mo tikologong ya teng. Setšhaba sa Bahindu se simolotse go nna teng mo masimologong a lekgolo la bo masome a mabedi la dingwaga fa go ne go simololwa go fuduga batho go tswa kwa India go ya kwa Botswana. Bontsi jwa Bahindu ba kwa Botswana ba tswa kwa India. == Dipalopalo tsa batho == Dipalopalo tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le motso (2001) tsa kwa Botswana di ne di bontsha gore go na le Bahindu ba ka nna 3.000. Maloko a morafe wa Mahindu a ne a fopholetsa gore dipalo tseno di ne di le kwa tlase thata ga dipalo tsa bone<ref>[https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71287.htm "International Religious Freedom Report 2006 Botswana".] Archived from the original on 2022-08-07. Retrieved 2022-08-07.</ref>. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso (2011) palo ya batho e ne ya supa gore go na le Mahindu a le dikete tse tharo le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano le boraro mo Botswana. Mo go bano, ba le 3230 ga se bafaladi mme ba le lekgolo le masome a mabedi le boraro ke bafaladi. BoHindu bo ne bo dira 0.3% ya palogotlhe ya batho ba Botswana ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le motso (2001) e e santseng e sa fetoge mo palong ya batho ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso (2011).<ref name=":0" />Mahindu e ne e le 0.3% ya batho ba e seng bafaladi le 0.1% ya bafaladi.<ref name=":0" /> == Ditempele == [[Setshwantsho:Hindu temple gaborone01.jpg|thumb|Tempele ya Hindu ISKCON kwa Gaborone]] Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016), go na le ditempele di le tlhano tsa Mahindu kwa Botswana, go akaretsa Tempele ya Sai le Tempele ya ISKCON kwa Gaborone.<ref>[https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Botswana_15_01_2016.pdf "India - Botswana Relations"] (PDF). ''Ministry of External Affairs''. January 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2016</ref> Fa setšhaba se ntse se gola, go ne ga nna le mekgatlho e le mentsi ya setšhaba e e neng e tlhomilwe mo kgaolong eo. Go setse go na le tempele ya Sehindu kwa Gaborone, le e nngwe kwa [[Selebi-Phikwe]]. Gape go agilwe le gurudwara mo motsemogolong. Go dirilwe dithulaganyo tsa go aga tempele ya Swaminarayan, Sai Baba Centre, Tempele ya Venkateswara le ISKCON Centre kwa mafelong a a farologaneng kwa Botswana.<ref>[http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter8.pdf Indian Diaspora] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206063957/http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter8.pdf|date=2012-02-06}}</ref> Ditempele tse dikgolo tsa Mahindu kwa Botswana ke tse di latelang: * ISKCON (Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Krishna Consciousness), Gaborone * Tempele ya Shiva-Vishnu, Selebi-Phikwe * Holo ya Bahindu, Gaborone * Tempele ya Sri Balaji, Block 8, Gaborone === ISKCON BOTSWANA Krishna Balaram Mandir, Gaborone === Tempele ya ISKCON Botswana e kwa Gaborone West Phase 2, go bapa le Sekolo sa Motheo sa Baobab. Ke tempele e ntle ya mmala wa namune le bosetlha e e gogetseng batho ba le bantsi go tswa kwa dikarolong tsotlhe tsa naga go tla go bona tiro ya yone e ntle ya botaki e e ka bonwang kwa ntle mme segolobogolo mo teng. Ke legae la ga Sri Sri Kirishna le Balarama. == Holo ya Bahindu, Gaborone == Holo ya Bahindu e e kwa Gaborone e kafa morago ga seteishene sa peterole sa "Caltex", se se mo lefelong le le bapileng le "Maru-a-Pula Robots" (dithekesi tsa pharakano). Meletlo yotlhe e megolo ya Sehindu (Maha Shivaratri, Rama Navami, Dussehra, Diwali jj.) e ketekwa mo tempeleng eno. Fa o tsena mo Holong ya Bahindu, go na le 'Tempele ya Navagraha' e e nang le medimo ya dipolanete tse borobabongwe . Go bapa le yone, go na le 'Tempele ya Morena Shiva' e e nang le 'Shiva Lingam' mo gare, e e dikologilweng mo matlhakoreng ke medingwana ya Morena Subrahmanya, Modimogadi Mmaagwe Parvati, le Morena Ganesha. Mo teng ga lebota la Tempele ya ga Shiva, go na le logaga lo lonnye, lo lo nang le modingwana wa ga Lord Shiva, Mmè Parvati, le Lord Baby Ganesh le Lord Baby Subrahmanya ba ba mo diropeng tsa bone. Gape go na le 'Nandi' e e lebileng Shiva Lingam. Mo teng ga yone go na le holo e kgolo e tempele eno e bidiwang ka yone. Mo ditulong tseno, go na le medingwana ya ga Morena Rama, Mmè Sita, Lakshmana le Morena Hanuman. Gape go na le modingwana wa ga Lord Shiva. === Tempele ya Sri Balaji, Block 8, Gaborone === Mokgatlho wa Botswana Hindu Charities Trust o ne wa aga tempele ya Sri Balaji kwa Gaborone ka mokgwa wa bogologolo wa go aga wa Dravidian. Tempele eno ke ya mofuta wa yone fela mo kgaolong ya Borwa jwa Aforika mme e setse e le selo se se gogelang batho kwa Gaborone, morago ga gore batho ba e rate ka ntlha ya bontle jwa yone jwa dikago le jwa ditshwantsho tsa yone. Tempele eno e ne ya agiwa ka madi a a fetang R2 crore. Tempele eno e na le mafelo a a boitshepo a le lesome a go nnang Morena Balaji le balekane ba gagwe e bong Sridevi le Bhudevi jaaka modimo yo o busang, Morena Ganesha, Morena Anjaneya (Hanuman), Morena Shiva, Mata Vaishnodevi, Morena Ayyapa, Morena Muruga le Navagrahas. Mulavar Vigrahas le Utsav Murthies tsotlhe di ne di tswa kwa India. Dikgoro tsa Maha Mandap le tsa Rajagopuram di ne di tswa kwa Kerala. Dikgoro tsa Maha Mandap di na le ditshwantsho tse di tswang kwa Krishna Leela fa dikgoro tsa Raja Gopuram di na le ditshwantsho tsa Dasa Avathars. == Metswedi == 0dghtc7qqupp5bci8iitj27f0t3rtn6 0 14347 52221 2026-07-09T11:46:11Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Dipatela mo Botswana #Setswana Knowledge Activation 52221 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Districts of Botswana (image map).svg|thumb|[[Dikgaolo tsa Botswana]]]] [[Setshwantsho:Princess Marina Hospital - Administration Building.jpg|thumb|[[Sepatela sa Princess Marina]]]] Tse ke '''dipatela tse di mo Botswana'''. Go na le mafelo a kalafi a le makgolo a marataro, masome a mabedi le bone mo [[Botswana]], a akaretsa dipatela tsa batho botlhe di le masome mabedi le borataro.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190422034044/https://www.who.int/malaria/areas/surveillance/public-sector-health-facilities-ss-africa/en/ "A spatial database of health facilities managed by the public health sector in sub-Saharan Africa".] ''World Health Organization''. 11 February 2019. Archived from [https://www.who.int/malaria/areas/surveillance/public-sector-health-facilities-ss-africa/en/ the original] on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref><ref>Seitio-Kgokgwe, O.; Gauld, R. D.; Hill, P. C.; Barnett, P. (2014). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4181967/ "Assessing performance of Botswana's public hospital system: the use of the World Health Organization Health System Performance Assessment Framework".] ''International Journal of Health Policy and Management''. '''3''' (4): 179–189. doi:[https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2883_607.html 10.15171/ijhpm.2014.85]. [[:en:PubMed_Central#PMCID|PMC]]&nbsp;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4181967/ 4181967]. [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMID&nbsp;]][https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25279380/ 25279380.]</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana le ne le na le palo ya kakanyetso ya didkadike di le pedi, makgolo a mararo, masome a matlhano le bobedi ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le masome a mabedi.<ref>[https://population.un.org/wpp/ "Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: Data Query Tool".] ''un.org''. Retrieved 09 July 2026.</ref> Mafaratlhatlha a ntlha a dipatela tsa batho botlhe ke tse di kwa magaeng tse di tlamelang batho ba sa fete dikete di le lesome. Sepatela sengwe le sengwe se na le malao a le masome mabedi go tsena a le masome a supa. Mafaratlhatlha a bobedi ke a dipatela tsa batho botlhe tse di mo dikgaolong di le supa, di kwa metseng e megolwane le ditoropo. Di na le malao a le fa gare ga masome a supa le motso le makgolo a mabedi, le masome a matlhano. Mafaratlhatlha a boraro a dipatela tsa batho botlhe ke dipatela tse dingaka di romelang balwetsi kwa go tsone tse tharo tse di lebaganang le malwetsi a a faphegileng.<ref>Seitio-Kgokgwe, Onalenna; Gauld, Robin DC; Hill, Philip C; Barnett, Pauline (13 September 2014). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4181967/ "Assessing performance of Botswana's public hospital system: the use of the World Health Organization Health System Performance Assessment Framework"]. ''International Journal of Health Policy and Management''. '''3''' (4): 179–189. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2014.85. ISSN&nbsp;2322-5939. PMC&nbsp;4181967. PMID&nbsp;25279380.</ref><ref>[https://www.moh.gov.bw/hospitals1.html "Hospitals".] ''Botswana Ministry of Health''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref> == Kgaolo ya Borwa-Botlhaba == Dipatela le dikokelo tse di mo ditoropokgolo tse tharo kwa kgaolong e e kwa borwa-botlhaba di akaretsa: [[Gaborone]] * Avenue Medical Center<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20211203222406/https://bw.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/local-resources-of-u-s-citizens/doctors/ "Botswana Medical Facilities"]. ''US Embassy, Botswana''. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref> * Capital Medica; Center<ref name=":1" /> * Gaoborone Children Care Clinic<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">Google Maps</ref> * Life Gaborone Private Hospital<ref name=":3">[https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/botswana-list-of-medical-facilities/botswana-list-of-medical-facilities "Botswana, List of medical facilities".] ''UK Government''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref> * Independence Surgery Molefi Close<ref name=":1" /> * Karong Clinics<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> * LenMed Health Bokamoso Private Hospital<ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/hospital-records-first-case-triplets "LenMed Hospital"]. Archived from the original on 7 May 2013. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref><ref name=":4">[https://www.localbotswana.com/category/Hospitals "Best Hospitals in Botswana"]. ''Botswana Local''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref><ref name=":3" /> * Medical Center (Gaborone, Botswana)<ref name=":1" /> * The Medical Clinic<ref name=":1" /> * Middlestar Clinic<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> * [[Sepatela sa Princess Marina]]<ref name=":5">[https://cohsasa.co.za/institution-type/public-hospitals "Hospitals in Botswana"]. ''COHSASA''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>Princess Marina Hospital improvements – [http://www.velavke.co.za/projects.htm?action=view-item&id=860 VelaVKE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229125740/http://www.velavke.co.za/projects.htm?action=view-item&id=860|date=29 December 2010}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6">[https://www.moh.gov.bw/Publications/tollfree%20numbers.pdf "Toll free numbers for MOH hospitals"] (PDF). ''Botswana Ministry of Health''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref><ref name=":1" /> * [[Sepatela sa Sidilega]]<ref name=":3" /> * [[Sepatela sa Sir Ketumile Masire]]<ref>Gaonyadiwe G. Mokone; Maikutlo Kebaetse; et&nbsp;al. (August 2014). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4116079/ "Establishing A New Medical School: Botswana's Experience"]. ''Acad. Med''. '''89''' (8 0): 83–87. doi:[https://academic.oup.com/academicmedicine/article/89/Supplement_1/S83/8351162 10.1097/ACM.0000000000000329]. PMC&nbsp;4116079. PMID&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25072587/ 25072587.]</ref><ref name=":3" /> [[Lobatse]] * [[Sepatela sa Athlone]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> * [[Sepatela sa Bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo sa Sbrana|Sepatela sa bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo sa Sbrana]] <ref>[https://www.electives.net/hospital/3481/preview "District Hospitals".] Archived from the original on 7 May 2013. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /> * Supra Sight Hospital<ref name=":4" /> [[Ramotswa]] * [[Sepatela sa Bamalete Lutheran]]<ref name=":0" /> == Kgaolo ya Bokone-Botlhaba == Dipatela tse di kwa kgaolong ya Bokone-Botlhaba di akaretsa: * Riverside Hospital, [[Francistown]]<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> * Francistown Academic Hospital<ref name=":3" /> * [[Sepatela sa Nyangabgwe]], Francistown<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> * Gweta Primary Hospital, [[Gweta]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /> * [[Sepatela sa Masunga|Sepatela sa Masunga,]] [[Masunga]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /> * Tutume Primary Hospital, [[Tutume]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /> == Kgaolo ya legare == Dipatela tse di latelang di mo kgaolong ya legare: * Bobonong Primary Hospital, [[Bobonong]]<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> * Letlhakane Primary Hospital, [[Letlhakane]]<ref name=":6" /> * [[Sepatela sa Mahalapye]], [[Mahalapye]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> * Mmadinare Primary Hospital, [[Mmadinare]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /> * Orapa Hospital, [[Orapa]]<ref>[https://www.google.co.bw/maps/place/Orapa+Hospital/@-21.3320807,25.3656109,15z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x65c3d1659047f9b9!8m2!3d-21.3320807!4d25.3656109 "Orapa Hospital"]. ''Google Maps''.</ref> * [[Sepatela sa Palapye]], [[Palapye]]<ref name=":3" /><ref>[https://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/ "Establishment of Mahalapye District Hospital".] ''Government of Botswana''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> * Rakops Primary Hospital, [[Rakops]]<ref name=":6" /> * Sefhare Primary Hospital, [[Sefhare]]<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /> * [[Sepatela sa puso sa Selibe Phikwe]], [[Selebi-Phikwe|Selibe Phikwe]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> * [[Sepatela sa Sekgoma]], [[Serowe]]<ref name=":3" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111020194025/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/ "Establishment of Sekgoma Memorial Hospital".] Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> == Ngamiland (kgaolo ya Bokone-Bophirima) == Dipatela tse di kwa kgaolong ya Bokone-Bophirima (kwa go bidiwang Ngamiland gape) di akaretsa: * Doctors Inn, [[Maun]] * [[Sepatela sa Letsholathebe II]], Maun<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":4" /><ref>[https://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/ "CMO Letsholathebe Hospital".] ''Botswana Ministry of Health''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref> * [[Sepatela sa Maun]], Maun<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /> * Maun Private Hospital, Maun<ref name=":4" /> * Prime Health Medical Center<ref name=":3" /> * Gumare Primary Hospital, [[Gumare]]<ref name=":6" /> == Kgaolo ya borwa == Go na le dipatela di le tharo mo borwa: * [[Sepatela sa Good Hope]], [[Good Hope]] [[Botswana]]<ref name=":3" /><ref>[https://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments112/ "Mmadinare Primary Hospital".] ''Botswana Ministry of Health''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> * Debswana Jwaneng Mine Hospital, [[Toropo ya Jwaneng|Jwaneng]]<ref name=":3" /> * [[Kanye Seventh-day Adventist Hospital]], [[Kanye]]<ref name=":3" /><ref>[https://bettingbotswana.com/ "No condoms to singles"]. ''The MidweekSun''. 3 December 2018. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Dikgaolo tsa Chobe le Ghanzi == Dipatela tse di latelang di mo kgaolong ya Chobe le Ghanzi. * Kasane Primary Hospital, [[Kgaolo ya Chobe]]<ref name=":6" /> * Gantsi Primary Hospital, [[kgaolo ya Ghanzi]]<ref name=":6" /> == Kgaolo ya Kgatleng == Go na le sepatela se le sengwe kwa kgaolong ya Kgatleng: * [[Sepatela sa Deborah Retief Memorial]], [[Mochudi]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> == Kgaolo ya Kgalagadi == Go na le dipatela di le pedi kwa kgaolong ya Kgalagadi: * [[Hukuntsi]] Primary Hospital<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /> * [[Tsabong]] Primary Hospital<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> == Kgaolo ya Kweneng == [[Setshwantsho:Scottish Livingstone Hospital 228.jpg|thumb|Sepatela sa Scottish Livingstone kwa [[Molepolole]]]] Go na le dipatela di le pedi kwa Kweneng: * [[Sepatela sa Scottish Livingstone]], [[Molepolole]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":1" /> * Thamaga primary Hospital, [[Thamaga]]<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Dikgaolo tsa Botswana]] * [[Botsogo mo Botswana]] == Metswedi == qq9iju33p6y4ygrvmsk8ixjtdidusxq 0 14348 52222 2026-07-09T11:56:53Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya sepatela sa puso sa Selibe Phikwe #Setswana Knowledge Activation 52222 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sepatela sa puso sa Selibe Phikwe''' ke sepatela sa kgaolo se se okametsweng ke puso se se kwa [[Selebi-Phikwe|Selibe Phikwe]], kwa e leng toropo ya moepo kwa kgaolong ya legare la [[Botswana]]. E ne e na le palo ya batho ba le dikete di le masome a mane le borobabongwe, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a mane le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le motso, palo e gompieno go akanyediwang e oketsegile go nna dikete di le masome a matlhano le bobedi.<ref>[http://www.laws.gov.bw/ Laws of Botswana], Ministry of Local Government {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090718061659/http://www.mlg.gov.bw/|date=2009-07-18}}</ref> == Ditso == Sepatela sa puso sa Selibe Phikwe ke lefelo la puso la botsogo le le butsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa.<ref>[https://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/ "Establishment of Selebi Phikwe Government Hospital"]. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref> Lefelo le le kwa kgaolong ya legare la [[Botswana]] kwa toropong e e bidiwang Selibe Phikwe. Sepatela sa puso sa Selibe Phiwke se okeditse palo ya malao a sone go tswa kwa go masome a marataro le botlhano go nna lekgolo le masome a mabedi. Porojeke e ya go se atolosa, e e begilweng ke pampiri ya dikgang ya Daily News, e ne e na le madi a didikadike di le masome a mane. == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Lephata la botsogo la Botswana]] == Metswedi == c5oh9kscbi34jop04hew0ofnydroeqw