Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Wikipedia 0 2077 52296 42697 2026-07-10T10:33:18Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the section "History" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361864839|Wikipedia]]" 52296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | name = Wikipedia | logo = [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-tn.svg|250px]] | logo_caption = Sekano sa [[Wikipedia]] | screenshot = Wikipedia Portal Screenshot (2022).svg{{!}}border | screenshot_alt = Wikipedia portal showing the different languages sorted by article count | collapsible = yes | caption = Tebego ya tsebe ya konokono ya Wikipedia ka komputara | type = [[Maranyane a encyclopedia]] | language_count = {{NUMBEROF|languages|Wikipedia}} | country_of_origin = United States | owner = {{Unbulleted list|[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|}} | authors = {{Unbulleted list|[[Jimmy Wales]]|[[Larry Sanger]]}} | url = {{URL|https://www.wikipedia.org/|wikipedia.org}} | commercial = Nyaa | registration = Wa ithopela | num_users = [[List of Wikipedias#Statistics totals|>{{formatnum:{{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ACTIVEUSERS|totalactive.wikipedia}}}}}}]] active editors<ref> To be considered [[Special:ActiveUsers|active]], a user must make at least one edit or other action in a given month.</ref><br />[[list of Wikipedias#Statistics totals|>{{formatnum:{{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|USERS|totalactive.wikipedia}}}}}}]] registered users | launch_date = {{Start date and age|mf=yes|p=yes|br=yes|2001|1|15}} | current_status = Active | content_license = {{Nowrap|[[Creative Commons license|CC Attribution / Share-Alike]] 3.0}}<br />Most text is also dual-licensed under [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]]; media licensing varies | programming_language = [[LAMP (software bundle)|LAMP]] platform<ref name="roadchap">{{cite web |url=https://rogchap.com/2011/09/06/top-40-website-programming-languages/ |title= Top 40 Website Programming Languages |website= rogchap.com |author= Chapman, Roger |date= September 6, 2011 |access-date= September 6, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922015103/https://rogchap.com/2011/09/06/top-40-website-programming-languages/ |archive-date= September 22, 2013}}</ref> | oclc = 52075003 }} '''Wikipedia''' ke [[Ensaetlolopedia|ensaeklopidia]] ya mahala. E botlhokwa e le tota go dirisediwa go ka tlaleletsa dithuto. E fitlhelelwa ke mongwe le mongwe. Motho o ka dirisa mosokela thekeng (cellphone) kgotsa mogola-kgolagano (internet) go ka fitlhela kitso ya seo sengwe. ==Metswedi== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Wikipedia]] == Ditso == Go ne ga lekeletswa diensaetlolopedia tse di farologaneng tsa tirisanommogo tsa mo mafaratlhatlheng (inthanete) pele ga go simololwa ga Wikipedia, mme tsotlhe tsa atlega fela e seng mo go kalo kalo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Garber |first=Megan |date=October 12, 2011 |title=The contribution conundrum: Why did Wikipedia succeed while other encyclopedias failed? |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2011/10/the-contribution-conundrum-why-did-wikipedia-succeed-while-other-encyclopedias-failed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114540/https://www.niemanlab.org/2011/10/the-contribution-conundrum-why-did-wikipedia-succeed-while-other-encyclopedias-failed/ |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=June 5, 2016 |website=Nieman Lab}}</ref> Wikipedia e simolotse e le lenaneo le le tlaleletsang Nupedia, e leng thulaganyo ya mahala ya mafaratlhatlha a inthanete ya ensaetlolopedia ya puo ya Sekgoa e makwalo a yone a neng a kwalwa ke baitseanape le go sekasekwa ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo e e tlhomameng. <ref name="KockJungSyn2016">{{Cite journal |last=Kock |first=Ned |author-link=Ned Kock |last2=Jung |first2=Yusun |last3=Syn |first3=Thant |date=2016 |title=Wikipedia and e-Collaboration Research: Opportunities and Challenges |url=https://cits.tamiu.edu/kock/pubs/journals/2016JournalIJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration/Kock_etal_2016_IJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[International Journal of e-Collaboration]] |publisher=IGI Global |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.4018/IJeC.2016040101 |issn=1548-3681 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927001627/https://cits.tamiu.edu/kock/pubs/journals/2016JournalIJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration/Kock_etal_2016_IJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration.pdf |archive-date=September 27, 2016}}</ref> E tlhomilwe ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a le boferabongwe, ngwaga wa 2000, e le ya Bomis, e leng kompone ya web portal . Batho ba bagolo ba yone e ne e le Mookamedi-mogolo wa Bomis e bong Jimmy Wales le Larry Sanger, morulaganyi-mogolo wa Nupedia mme moragonyana wa Wikipedia. Nupedia e neilwe teseletso lantlha ka fa tlase ga teseletso ya yone ya Diteng tse di Buletsweng tsa Nupedia. Pele ga Wikipedia e tlhongwa, Nupedia e ne ya fetogela kwa Teseletso ya Dikwalo ya Mahala ya GNU se se rotloediwa ke Richard Stallman . Gantsi Wales o fiwa tlotla gore o ne a kgona go tlhalosa ka botlalo maikano a go dira ensaetlolopedia e makwalo a yone a kgonang go kwalwa le go baakangwa ke setshaba , fa Sanger ene a bokelwa go tswa ka leano la go dirisa wiki go fitlhelela maikano ao. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-15 |title=Tech Rewind: How Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia came to be |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/health-and-fitness/article/tech-rewind--how-wikipedia--the-free-encyclopedia-came-to-be-15915177 |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome, ngwaga wa 2001, Sanger o ne a ntsha mogopolo mo dithomelong tsa Nupedia go tlhama wiki gore e bereke go "thusa" lenaneo la Nupedia. <ref name="nupedia feeder from WP 1" group="W">{{Cite news|last=Sanger|first=Larry|date=January 10, 2001|title=Let's Make a Wiki|url=https://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html|access-date=December 26, 2008|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> === Tshimololo le kgolo === Wikipedia e simolodisitswe ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001, (ka dinako tse dingwe le bidiwa "Letsatsi la Wikipedia"), {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=7}} e le kgatiso e le nngwe ya puo ya Sekgoa e e nang le leina la kgolagano ya ''www.wikipedia.com'', mme le ne la bolelwa ke Sanger mo dithomelong tsa Nupedia. Leina le, le le duleng ka Sanger go thibela tshenyo epe e e ka nnang teng mo leineng la Nupedia, <ref>{{Cite news|last=Larry Sanger|author-link=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> le simolotse mo motswakong wa mafoko ''wiki'' le ''encyclopedia'' . Wales o boletse gore kgopolo ya Wikipedia e ne ya tlhotlhelediwa ke dikgopolo tsa thulaganyo e e sa rulaganngwang e e neng e amana le Friedrich Hayek le [[Austrian School|Sekolo sa tsa itsholelo sa kwa Austria]] morago ga gore moitseanape wa tsa itsholelo yo o ratang kgololesego e bong Mark Thornton a supe megopolo ye . <ref>{{Cite news|date=2009-04-15|title=Wikipedia's Model Follows Hayek - WSJ|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123976347774119699}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mangu-Ward |first=Katherine |date=2007-05-30 |title=Wikipedia and Beyond |url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ |archive-date=July 25, 2021 |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Reason.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Segolobogolo, Wales o ne ya tlhotlhelediwa ke polelo ya ga Hayek ya Tiriso ya Kitso mo Setšhabeng e e neng e bolela gore e ne e le "konokono" mo mogopolong wa gagwe ka ga "kafa a ka laolang lenaneo la Wikipedia ka teng". <ref name=":0" /> Molao wa tsamaiso ya yone o o botlhokwa wa " pono e e sa tseyeng letlhakore " o ne wa simolola mo ngwageng wa yone wa ntlha . {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=29}}Mme fela, go ne go na le melao e mmalwa, mme e ne e bereka e sa laolwe ke Nupedia. Bomis kwa tshimologong e ne e ikaeletse gore e nne kgwebo e e dirang dipoelo. <ref name="Seth-Finkelstein">{{Cite news|date=September 25, 2008|title=Read me first: Wikipedia isn't about human potential, whatever Wales says|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/sep/25/wikipedia.internet|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> Wikipedia e ne ya bona bakwadi/batlatsi ba ntlha go tswa mo Nupedia, dipego tsa ''Slashdot'', le go dira dikgolagano tsa enjene ya patlo ya webo. Dikgatiso tsa puo di ne tsa tlhamiwa go simolola ka Mopitlo 2001, mme palo yotlhe ya tse di ne di dirisiwang di le lekgolo le masome a le marataro le bongwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2004. Nupedia le Wikipedia di ne tsa nna mmogo go fitlhela disefara tsa Nupedia di emisetswa ruri ka 2003, mme dikwalo tsa yone di ne tsa tsenngwa mo Wikipedia. Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e fetile letshwao la dikwalo tse di didikadike di le pedi (2 million) ka Lwetse a le malatsi a le boferabongwe, ngwaga wa 2007, mme se se ne sa e dira gore e nne ensaetlolopedia e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe tse di kileng tsa kokoanngwa, e feta ''Ensaetlolopedia ya Yongle'' e e neng ya dirwa kwa China ka nako ya puso ya ga Ming ka 1408, e e neng e tshwere rekoto ya teng dingwaga di ka nna makgolo a le marataro. Ka ntlha ya go tshaba papatso ya dikgwebo le go tlhoka taolo, badirisi ba Wikipedia ya Sepanishe ba ne ba tswa mo Wikipedia go tlhama {{Lang|es|[[Enciclopedia Libre]]}} ka Tlhakole 2002. <ref name="EL fears and start 1" group="W">{{Cite web |title=[long] Enciclopedia Libre: msg#00008 |url=https://osdir.com/ml/science.linguistics.wikipedia.international/2003-03/msg00008.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006065927/https://osdir.com/ml/science.linguistics.wikipedia.international/2003-03/msg00008.html |archive-date=October 6, 2008 |access-date=December 26, 2008 |website=Osdir}}</ref> Morago ga moo Wales o ne a ntsha kitsiso ya gore Wikipedia ga e kitla e bontsha dikgang tsa ipapatso mme ya fetola kgolagano ya dikhomphiutha go tswa go ''wikipedia.com'' go ya go ''wikipedia.org'' . <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Vibber |first=Brion |date=August 16, 2002 |title=Brion VIBBER at pobox.com |url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-August/003982.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620071550/https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-August/003982.html |archive-date=June 20, 2014 |access-date=December 8, 2020 |website=[[Wikimedia]]}}</ref> Morago ga paka ya ntlha ya kgolo e e kwa godimo, <ref name="wikisym slowing growth 1" /> go lebega selekanyo sa kgolo ya Wikipedia ya Sekgoa go ya ka dipalo tsa dikwalo tse disha le tsa bakwadi e ne ya tsholetsega thata go bapa le ngwaga wa 2007 o simolola. <ref name="guardian WP user peak 1">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia approaches its limits|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/aug/12/wikipedia-deletionist-inclusionist|access-date=March 31, 2010}}</ref> Kgatiso e e ne ya fitlhelela dikwalo di le didikadike di le tharo ka Phatwe 2009. Dikwalo di ka nna sekete le makgolo a le boferabobedi di ne di tsenngwa mo ensaetlolopedia ye ka letsatsi ka ngwaga wa 2006; ka 2013 palogare eo e ne e tsamaela makgolo a le boferabobedi. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Wikipedia)) |author-link=Special:History/Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia extended growth |title=Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia extended growth |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Modelling_Wikipedia_extended_growth |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826234512/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Modelling_Wikipedia%27s_growth |archive-date=August 26, 2011 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Setlhopha kwa Lekalaneng la Dipatlisiso la Palo Alto se ne sa amanya go fokotsega mo ga kgolo le "go oketsega ga kgokagano le ditshenyegelo tse di kwa godimo, go se akarediwe batho ba basha mo lenaneong, le go gana diphetogo tse disha". Ba bangwe ba ne ba akantsha gore kgolo e ne ya fokotsega ka gonne dikwalo tse di ka bidiwang " [[wiktionary:low-hanging fruit|tse di motlhofo thata]] "— tsa ditlhogo tse di tshwanelwang ke go nna dikwalo—di ne di setse di tlhamilwe le go agiwa thata. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Cohen|author-link=Noam Cohen|title=Wikipedia&nbsp;– Exploring Fact City|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/29/weekinreview/29cohen.html}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele 2009, mmatlisisi mongwe kwa Sekolong sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Rey Juan Carlos kwa Madrid, kwa Spain, o ne a fitlhela gore Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne e latlhegetswe ke bakwadi/batlatsi ba le dikete di le masome a mane le boferabongwe mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse tharo tsa 2009; fa e bapisiwa, e ne e latlhegetswe ke bakwadi ba le dikete di le nne le makgolo a le boferabongwe fela mo pakeng e e tshwanang ka 2008. <ref name="guardian editors leaving 1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/nov/26/wikipedia-losing-disgruntled-editors|title=Wikipedia falling victim to a war of words|work=The Guardian|location=London|first=Jenny|last=Kleeman|date=November 26, 2009|access-date=December 13, 2016}}</ref> ''Pego ya The Wall Street'' e ne ya umaka melao e e farologaneng e e dirisiwang mo go direng dikwalo le dikganetsano tse di amanang le diteng tsa one gareng ga mabaka a a dirang gore go nne le tlwaelo ya kgang ye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fowler |first=Geoffrey A. |last2=Angwin |first2=Julia |date=November 27, 2009 |title=Volunteers Log Off as Wikipedia Ages |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125893981183759969 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204041034/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125893981183759969 |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> Wales o ne a ganetsa dikgang tse ka 2009, a ganela dikgang tsa phokotsego le go belaela mokgwa wa patlisiso eo. <ref name="telegraph Wales WP not losing editors 1">{{Cite news|last=Barnett|first=Emma|date=November 26, 2009|title=Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales denies site is 'losing' thousands of volunteer editors|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/6660646/Wikipedias-Jimmy-Wales-denies-site-is-losing-thousands-of-volunteer-editors.html|access-date=March 31, 2010}}</ref> Morago ga dingwaga di le pedi, ka 2011, o ne a amogela gore go nnile le phokotsego e nnye, a lemoga phokotsego go tswa go "bakwadi ba ba fetang dikete di le masome a mararo le borataro go le sekae" ka Seetebosigo 2010 go ya go ba le dikete di le masome a mararo le botlhano le makgolo a le boferabobedi ka Seetebosigo 2011. Mo go yone potsolotso eo, o ne a bolela gape gore palo ya bakwadi e ne e "tlhomame e bile e tswelelela pele". <ref name="wiki-women">{{Cite news|last=Rawlinson|first=Kevin|date=August 8, 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks women to balance its 'geeky' editors|newspaper=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/wikipedia-seeks-women-to-balance-its-geeky-editors-2333605.html|access-date=April 5, 2012}}</ref> Setlhogo sa lekwalo la 2013 la ''MIT Technology Review'', "Go wela tlase ga Wikipedia", se ne sa belaela polelo e, sa bega gore fa e sale ka 2007 Wikipedia e ne e latlhegetswe ke nngwetharong ya bakwadi ba yone ba ba ithaopileng, mme sa akantsha gore ba ba setseng ba ne ba tlhomile mogopolo thata mo dintlheng tse dinnye. <ref name="Simonite-2013">{{Cite journal |last=Simonite |first=Tom |date=October 22, 2013 |title=The Decline of Wikipedia |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ |url-status=live |journal=[[MIT Technology Review]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731083716/https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ |archive-date=July 31, 2022 |access-date=November 30, 2013}}</ref> Ka Phukwi 2012, ''The Atlantic'' e ne ya bega gore palo ya batsamaisi le yone e ne e fokotsega. <ref name="Meyer-2012">{{Cite news|last=Meyer|first=Robinson|date=July 16, 2012|title=3 Charts That Show How Wikipedia Is Running Out of Admins|work=The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/07/3-charts-that-show-how-wikipedia-is-running-out-of-admins/259829|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatseele 2013, bukana ya ditshwantsho ya ''New York'' e ne ya bolela jaana, "Wikipedia, webosaete ya borataro e e dirisiwang thata, e lebagane le mathata a tsamaiso ya one." Palo ya bakwadi ba esaentlolopedia ya Sekgoa ba ba e dirisang gangwe le gape fa e sa le ka nako eo e ntse e tlhomame morago ga nako e telele ya go wela tlase. <ref>{{Cite news|last=F.|first=G.|date=May 5, 2013|title=Who really runs Wikipedia?|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2013/05/05/who-really-runs-wikipedia|access-date=November 26, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mandiberg |first=Michael |date=February 23, 2020 |title=Mapping Wikipedia |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/02/where-wikipedias-editors-are-where-they-arent-and-why/605023/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115131524/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/02/where-wikipedias-editors-are-where-they-arent-and-why/605023 |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |access-date=November 26, 2021 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa 2014, Subodh Varma yo o neng a begela ''The Economic Times'' o ne a supa gore ga se fela gore kgolo ya Wikipedia e ne e eme, e ne e "latlhegetswe ke palo ya dipono tsa dikwalo di ka nna lesome mo lekgolong ngogola. Go nnile le phokotsego ye e ka nnang dikadikadike di le dikete tse pedi (2 billion) fa gare ga Sedimonthole 2012 le Sedimonthole 2013. Diphetolelo tsa yone tse di ratiwang thata ke tsone tse di eteletseng pele mo tsebeng: dipono tsa dikwalo tsa Wikipedia ya Sekgoa di fokotsegile ka lesome le bobedi mo lekgolong (12%), tsa mofuta wa Sejeremane di fokotsegile ka lesome le bosupa mo lekgolong (17%) mme tsa mofuta wa Sejapane di fokotsegile ka boferabongwe mo lekgolong (9%)." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{Cite news|last=Varma|first=Subodh|date=January 20, 2014|title=Google eating into Wikipedia page views?|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/29094246.cms|access-date=February 10, 2014}}</ref> Varma o ne a tlatsa a re, "Le fa baokamedi ba Wikipedia ba akanya gore se se ka tswa se bakilwe ke diphoso tsa go tsaa dipalo, baitseanape ba bangwe ba akanya gore lenaneo la Google la Knowledge Graphs le le simolotsweng ngogola le ka tswa le ne le tsaya badirisi ba Wikipedia." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com" /> Fa go ikgolagangwa le ene, Clay Shirky, morutintshi-mmogo kwa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa New York le modiri ka ene kwa Lekalana la Setšhaba le mafaratlhatlha a Inthanete la Berkman Klein la Harvard o ne a bolela gore o belaela gore bontsi jwa go fokotsega ga go lebelewa ga ditsebe go bakilwe ke Dikerafo tsa Kitso, a bolela jaana, "Fa o ka kgona go bona karabo ya potso ya gago mo tsebeng ya patlo, ga o tlhoke go [tobetsa] go ya pele." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com" /> Kwa bokhutlong jwa Sedimonthole 2016, Wikipedia e ne ya fiwa maemo a botlhano mo webosaeteng e e itseweng thata mo lefatsheng lotlhe ka bophara. <ref name="Alexa">{{Cite web |title=Alexa Top 500 Global Sites |url=https://www.alexa.com/topsites |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203120227/https://www.alexa.com/topsites |archive-date=February 3, 2021 |access-date=December 28, 2016 |website=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Go ema ka Firikgong 2023, go setse go nopotswe dikwalo di le dikete di le masome a matlhano le botlhano le makgolo a le bosupa le masome a le boferabongwe le bongwe (55 791) tsa Wikipedia ya Sekgoa makgetho a le dikete di le masome a le boferabongwe le bobedi le makgolo a le mararo (92 300 ) mo dibukaneng tsa barutegi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Citations of Wikipedia as an Online Resource |url=https://exaly.com/online-resource/146983/en.wikipedia.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104134042/https://exaly.com/online-resource/146983/en.wikipedia.org |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |access-date=November 4, 2022 |publisher=exaly}}</ref> tse go tswa mo go tsone tiriso ya dikitso tsa dikhomphiutha e neng e le tsebe e e nopotsweng thata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Citations of Cloud Computing |url=https://exaly.com/online-document/8348259/articles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104134042/https://exaly.com/online-document/8348259/articles/ |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |access-date=November 4, 2022 |publisher=exaly}}</ref> === Dithulaganyo tse di berekang le yone === Wikipedia e tlhamile mananeo a le mmalwa a a berekang le ensaetlolopedia, tse gape e leng diwiki tse di tsamaisiwang ke [[Wikimedia Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] . [[Wikimedia Foundation|Mananeo a mangwe a Wikimedia]] a a akaretsa Wiktionary, lenaneo la bukana ya ithunthuntso mafoko e e neng ya simololwa ka Sedimonthole 2002, Wikiquote, kokoanyo ya dinopolo tse di tlhamilweng beke morago ga gore Wikimedia e simololwe, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Woods |first=Dan |year=2007 |title=Wikis for dummies |last2=Theony |first2=Peter |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn=978-1-118-05066-8 |edition=1st |location=Hoboken, NJ |page=58 |chapter=3: The Thousand Problem-Solving Faces of Wikis |oclc=1300481129 |ol=5741003W}}</ref> Wikibooks, kokoanyo ya dibukathuto tsa mahala tse di kwadilweng ka tirisanommogo, <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Meta-Wiki)) |author-link=m:Special:History/Talk:Science Hypertextbook project |title=Talk:Science Hypertextbook project |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=153077 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319183224/http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=153077 |archive-date=March 19, 2023 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> [[Wikimedia Commons]] . e e neng e diretswe metswedi ya dikgang ya kitso e e gololesegileng, Wikinews, ya bobegadikgang jo bo dirisanang mmogo, le Wikiversity, lenaneo la go tlhama didirisiwa tsa go ithuta tsa mahala le go tlamela ka ditiro tsa go ithuta ka inthanete. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Wikiversity)) |author-link=v:Special:History/Wikiversity:History of Wikiversity |title=Wikiversity:History of Wikiversity |url=https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:History_of_Wikiversity |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724204635/https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:History_of_Wikiversity |archive-date=July 24, 2015 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Wikiversity |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Lenaneo le lengwe la Wikipedia, Wikispecies, le nankolola mefuta ya ditshedi tsotlhe, mme ga e a bulegela go ka tlaletswa ke setšhaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=February 18, 2005 |title=NET News: Calling All Taxonomists |journal=Science |volume=307 |issue=5712 |page=1021 |doi=10.1126/science.307.5712.1021a |s2cid=220095354 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ka 2012, Wikivoyage, e leng kaedi ya mesepele e e ka tlaleletswang, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Luyt |first=Brendan |date=January 1, 2020 |title=A new kind of travel guide or more of the same? Wikivoyage and Cambodia |journal=Online Information Review |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=356–371 |doi=10.1108/OIR-03-2020-0104}}</ref> le Wikidata, e leng motheo wa kitso o o ka tlaleletswang le one, di ne tsa simololwa. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Matthew |date=March 30, 2012 |title=The Wikipedia data revolution |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2012/03/30/the-wikipedia-data-revolution/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114634/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2012/03/30/the-wikipedia-data-revolution/ |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Diff |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> === Diphitlhelelo === [[File:List_of_Wikipedia_articles_by_language_-_March_2024.svg|thumb|[[Cartogram]] showing number of articles in the top 88 Wikipedias ({{as of|2024|3|lc=y|post=).}} The size of the circles for Wikipedias that have less than a million articles is fixed and not proportional to the size of the Wikipedia. The smallest Wikipedia that made the cutoff is the [[Haitian Creole]] Wikipedia with 69K articles.{{efn|As of April 2026, the [[Haitian Creole]] Wikipedia, with 72K articles, is in 91st place when ranked by number of articles.}}<br /> The languages are roughly grouped by region: <br />{{hlist|{{legend0|#4C0099|[[Northern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CC0000|[[Southern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CCCC00|[[Eastern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CC6600|[[Middle East]]}}|{{legend0|#4C9900|[[East Asia]]}}|{{legend0|#00CDFF|[[Indian subcontinent]]}}|{{legend0|#660000|[[Sub-Saharan Africa]]}}|{{legend0|#808080|[[Central Asia]]}}|{{legend0|#6600CC|[[Caribbean]]}}}} ]] Ka Firikgong 2007, Wikipedia e ne ya nna nngwe ya diwebosaete tse di lesome tse di tumileng thata kwa Amerika, go ya ka Comscore Networks. <ref name="Comscore-2007">{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2007 |title=New Year's Resolutions Reflected in January U.S. Web Traffic |url=https://ir.comscore.com/static-files/45b068e1-1cee-412a-b48f-21ec34e7b59d |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819190445/https://ir.comscore.com/static-files/45b068e1-1cee-412a-b48f-21ec34e7b59d |archive-date=August 19, 2021 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[Comscore]] |page=3 |format=PDF}}</ref> Ka badirisi ba yone ba ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le masome a mane le bobedi le dikete di le makgolo a le boferabongwe (42.9), e ne ya nna mo maemong a boferabongwe, e feta ''The New York Times'' (maemo a lesome) le Apple (maemo a lesome le bongwe). <ref name="Comscore-2007" /> Se se ne sa tshwaya koketsego e e bonalang go feta Firikgong 2006, fa Wikipedia e ne e le mo maemong a bomasome a le mararo le boraro, ka badirisi ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le lesome le boferabobedi le dikete di le makgolo a le mararo ka (18.3 million). Ka 2014, e ne ya amogela dipono tsa ditsebe di le didikadike di le dikete tse di boferabobedi (8 billion) kgwedi le kgwedi. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report&nbsp;– Wikipedia Page Views Per Country |url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm |archive-date=October 20, 2011 |access-date=March 8, 2015 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Ka Tlhakole a le malatsi ae boferabongwe, 2014, ''The New York Times'' e ne ya bega gore Wikipedia e ne e na le &nbsp;dipono tsa ditsebe di le dikadikadike di le dikete tse dilesome le boferabobedi (18 billion) le badirisi ba ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le makgolo a le matlhano (500 million) ka kgwedi, "go ya ka ditekanyetso tsa comScore". <ref name="small screen">{{Cite news|last=Cohen|first=Noam|author-link=Noam Cohen|date=February 9, 2014|title=Wikipedia vs. the Small Screen|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/10/technology/wikipedia-vs-the-small-screen.html?_r=0|access-date=January 22, 2023}}</ref> Go ema ka Mopitlo 2023, e ne le mo maemong a borataro ka go tuma go ya kaSimilarweb.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Similarweb |title=Top Websites Ranking – Most Visited Websites In The World |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210041116/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |archive-date=February 10, 2022 |access-date=March 4, 2023 |website=[[Similarweb]]}}</ref> Jeff Loveland le Joseph Reagle ba nganga gore, mo tsamaisong, Wikipedia e latela mokgwa wa tsela e e telele wa diensaetlolopedia tsa ditso tse di kokoantseng ditokafatso ka bonya ka bonya ka " go kokoanya ga stigmergy ". <ref name="sagepub WP and encyclopedic production 1">{{Cite journal |last=Loveland |first=Jeff |last2=Reagle |first2=Joseph |date=January 15, 2013 |title=Wikipedia and encyclopedic production |journal=New Media & Society |volume=15 |issue=8 |page=1294 |doi=10.1177/1461444812470428 |issn=1461-4448 |s2cid=27886998}}</ref> <ref name="theatlantic WP actually a reversion 1">{{Cite web |last=Rosen |first=Rebecca J. |date=January 30, 2013 |title=What If the Great Wikipedia 'Revolution' Was Actually a Reversion? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/what-if-the-great-wikipedia-revolution-was-actually-a-reversion/272697 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229051117/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/what-if-the-great-wikipedia-revolution-was-actually-a-reversion/272697/ |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |access-date=February 9, 2013 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome le boferabobedi, ngwaga wa 2012, Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne ya nna le seabe mo motseletseleng wa ditshupetso tse di rulagantsweng kgatlhanong le melao e mebedi e e neng e tshitshintswe kwa Lekgotlaneng la United States — Molao wa go Emisa go Utswa bodiratsi/dikwalo mo mafaratlhatlheng (SOPA) le Molao wa PROTECT IP (PIPA)—ka go fifatsa ditsebe tsa yone dioura di le masome a mabedi le bone . <ref name="LA Times Jan 19">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia: SOPA protest led eight million to look up reps in Congress|url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2012/01/wikipedia-sopa-blackout-congressional-representatives.html|access-date=March 6, 2012}}</ref> Batho ba feta didikadike di le lekgolo le le lengwe le masome a mabedi ba bone tsebe e e neng e tlhalosa go fifafatsa moo e e neng e tsere maemo a diteng tsa ensaetlolopedia nakwana e e seng ya sennela ruri. <ref name="BBC WP blackout protest 1">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia joins blackout protest at US anti-piracy moves|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-16590585|access-date=January 19, 2012}}</ref> <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=SOPA/Blackoutpage |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/SOPA/Blackoutpage |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622185443/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/SOPA/Blackoutpage |archive-date=June 22, 2018 |access-date=January 19, 2012 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Ka Firikgong 2013, 274301 Wikipedia, e leng asteroid, e ne ya bidiwa ka Wikipedia; <ref>{{Cite news|last=Workman|first=Robert|date=January 5, 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|work=[[Space.com]]|url=https://www.space.com/19643-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> ka Phalane 2014, Wikipedia e ne ya tlotlomatswa ka ''Sefikantswe sa Wikipedia'' ; <ref>{{Cite news|last=Katz|first=Leslie|date=October 27, 2014|title=A Wikipedia monument? It's true (we're pretty sure)|work=[[CNET]]|url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/a-wikipedia-monument-its-true-were-pretty-sure/|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> mme, ka Phukwi 2015, ditshutiso tsa Wikipedia di le lekgolo le le lengwe le borataro (106) mo go tse di dikete di le bosupa le makgolo a le mane le masome a le bosupa le boraro (7 473) tse di nang le ditsebe di le makgolo a le masupa 700 di ne tsa nna teng e le Wikipedia e e Gatisitsweng . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sawers |first=Paul |date=June 18, 2015 |title=You can soon buy a 7,471-volume printed version of Wikipedia for $500,000 |url=https://venturebeat.com/business/you-can-soon-buy-a-7471-volume-printed-version-of-wikipedia-for-500000/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017154940/https://venturebeat.com/business/you-can-soon-buy-a-7471-volume-printed-version-of-wikipedia-for-500000/ |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |access-date=January 24, 2023 |website=VentureBeat}}</ref> Ka Moranang 2019, sefofane sa Iseraele se se fologang mo ngweding, Beresheet, se ne sa wela mo godimo ga [[Ngwedi]] se tshotse dikhophi tsa dikwalo tsa Wikipedia ya sekgoa tsotlhe di gateletswe mo dipoleiting tse ditshesane tsa nikele; baitseanape ba re go ka direga gore dipoleiti tse di ne tsa seka tsa amega fa tiragalo e ya go wa ga sefofane e diragala. <ref name="WRD-20190805">{{Cite news|last=Oberhaus|first=Daniel|date=August 5, 2019|title=A Crashed Israeli Lunar Lander Spilled Tardigrades On The Moon|work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|url=https://www.wired.com/story/a-crashed-israeli-lunar-lander-spilled-tardigrades-on-the-moon/|access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="VOX-20190806">{{Cite news|last=Resnick|first=Brian|title=Tardigrades, the toughest animals on Earth, have crash-landed on the moon&nbsp;– The tardigrade conquest of the solar system has begun.|url=https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/8/6/20756844/tardigrade-moon-beresheet-arch-mission|date=August 6, 2019|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> Ka Seetebosigo 2019, baitseanape ba maranyane ba ne ba bega gore 16 GB otlhe wa dikwalo tse di tswang mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa o tsentswe mo DNA ya maitirelo . <ref name="CNET-20190629">{{Cite news|last=Shankland|first=Stephen|date=June 29, 2019|title=Startup packs all 16&nbsp;GB of Wikipedia onto DNA strands to demonstrate new storage tech&nbsp;– Biological molecules will last a lot longer than the latest computer storage technology, Catalog believes.|work=[[CNET]]|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/startup-packs-all-16gb-wikipedia-onto-dna-strands-demonstrate-new-storage-tech/|access-date=August 15, 2023}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le lesome le boferabobedi, 2023, Wikipedia e ne ya simolodisa webosaete e ntšha e e baakantsweng , e e bidiwang " Vector 2022 ". <ref name="Pearl-2023">{{Cite web |last=Pearl |first=Mike |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Yes, Wikipedia looks weird. Don't freak out. |url=https://mashable.com/article/new-wikipedia-redesign |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120012235/https://mashable.com/article/new-wikipedia-redesign |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[Mashable]]}}</ref> <ref name="Tech Desk-2023">{{Cite web |last=Tech Desk |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Wikipedia gets a facelift after 10 years: A look at new interface and features |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/wikipedia-gets-a-facelift-after-10-years-a-look-at-new-interface-and-features/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119054103/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/wikipedia-gets-a-facelift-after-10-years-a-look-at-new-interface-and-features/ |archive-date=January 19, 2023 |access-date=January 22, 2023 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> E ne e na le tsebe ya lenaneo e e tlhamilweng sesha, e sutisetsa tafole ya diteng kafa molemeng go e dira baara e e kafa thoko, le diphetogo di le dintsi fa go tobediwang teng go tlhopha tse o batlang go di dirisa jaaka sedirisiwa sa go tlhopha puo. <ref name="Tech Desk-2023" /> <ref group="W">{{Cite news|date=January 18, 2023|title=Wikipedia Gets a Fresh New Look: First Desktop Update in a Decade Puts Usability at the Forefront|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-a-fresh-new-look-first-desktop-update-in-a-decade-puts-usability-at-the-forefront/|access-date=January 22, 2023}}</ref> Ntšhafatso e e ne ya amogela tsibogo e e sa siamang kwa tshimologong, segolobogolo fa bakwadi botlhe ba Wikipedia ya Seswahili ba ne ba tlhopha go busetsa diphetogo morago. <ref name="Pearl-2023" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rauwerda |first=Annie |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Wikipedia's Redesign Is Barely Noticeable. That's the Point. |url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120005241/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Slate Magazine}}</ref> Bobedi jo, Sanger le Wales ba ne tsenelela dipotsolotso tse di phatlalatsa kwa bokhutlong jwa 2025 ka ga dikakanyo tsa bone ka ga maemo le seemo sa Wikipedia, go fitlha go felela fa dingwageng tsa one tse di masome a mabedi le botlhano e ntse e le mo tirisong ka Firikgong a le lesome le botlhano, ngwaga wa 2026; Wales o ne a tlhagelela mo thulaganyong ya dikgang tsa PBS mo lenaneong la GZERO World e e neng e botsolodiwa ke Ian Bremmer mme Sanger o ne a tlhagelela mo Dikgannyeng tsa Fox, e e neng e botsolodiwa ke Ashley Rindsberg . Buka ya ga Wales ya ''Melao e e Supa ya go Ikanyega'' e ne ya gatisiwa ke Penguin Random House ka Phalane 2025 . E ne ya tlhalosiwa ke mogatisi jaaka "kakanyo e e tseneletseng ka ga mathata a lefatshe a go ikanyega le kitso" e le buka e e kanokang "melao ya go tshepana" e e letleletseng kgolo le katlego ya Wikipedia. <ref name="Penguin">{{Cite web |title=The Seven Rules of Trust |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/734278/the-seven-rules-of-trust-by-jimmy-wales-with-dan-gardner/ |access-date=22 October 2025 |website=[[Penguin Random House]] |language=en}}</ref> === Ditlamorago tsa maranyane a botlhale jwa maiterelo (generative AI ) mo dipalong tsa dipono tsa ditsebe tsa Wikipedia === Fa e sa le ka Firikgong 2024, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o begile koketsego ya sephatlo mo lekgolong ya tiriso tsa dibandwith go tswa mo go bapaleng diteng tsa bobegakgang mo mananeong a one otlhe. Go ya ka mokgatlho yo, kgolo e e amana le mananeo a a iperekisang ka boone, kgotsa di-bot tsa " scraper ", tse di kokoanyang ditshutiso tsa kitso mo ditsebeng tsa Wikimedia gore di dirisiwe mo go katiseng didirisiwa tse ditona tsa puo le ditiro tse di amanang le tsone. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weaver |first=Tanya |date=2025-04-04 |title=AI scraper bots putting costly strain on Wikimedia infrastructure |url=https://eandt.theiet.org/2025/04/04/ai-scraper-bots-are-putting-costly-strain-wikimedias-infrastructure |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=eandt.theiet.org}}</ref> Ka Phalane 2025, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o ne wa bega palo kakanyetso e le boferabobedi mo lekgolong ya phokotsego ya pharakano fa go bapisiwa le kgwedi e e tshwanang ka 2024 mo diponong tse di dirilweng ke batho. Ba bua gore se se bontsha tiriso ya Maranyane a botlhale jwa maitirelo le metswedi ya dikgang di sedimosa ka fa batho ba ratang go batla kitso/dikgang ka teng. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ha |first=Anthony |date=2025-10-18 |title=Wikipedia says traffic is falling due to AI search summaries and social video |url=https://techcrunch.com/2025/10/18/wikipedia-says-traffic-is-falling-due-to-ai-search-summaries-and-social-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251221202413/https://techcrunch.com/2025/10/18/wikipedia-says-traffic-is-falling-due-to-ai-search-summaries-and-social-video/ |archive-date=December 21, 2025 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=TechCrunch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Marshall |date=2025-10-17 |title=New User Trends on Wikipedia |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/ |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=Diff}}</ref> ir7462s3foij8twhkxodfq580j06hqn 52297 52296 2026-07-10T10:36:50Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 #Wikipedia25BW 52297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | name = Wikipedia | logo = [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-tn.svg|250px]] | logo_caption = Sekano sa [[Wikipedia]] | screenshot = Wikipedia Portal Screenshot (2022).svg{{!}}border | screenshot_alt = Wikipedia portal showing the different languages sorted by article count | collapsible = yes | caption = Tebego ya tsebe ya konokono ya Wikipedia ka komputara | type = [[Maranyane a encyclopedia]] | language_count = {{NUMBEROF|languages|Wikipedia}} | country_of_origin = United States | owner = {{Unbulleted list|[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|}} | authors = {{Unbulleted list|[[Jimmy Wales]]|[[Larry Sanger]]}} | url = {{URL|https://www.wikipedia.org/|wikipedia.org}} | commercial = Nyaa | registration = Wa ithopela | num_users = [[List of Wikipedias#Statistics totals|>{{formatnum:{{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ACTIVEUSERS|totalactive.wikipedia}}}}}}]] active editors<ref> To be considered [[Special:ActiveUsers|active]], a user must make at least one edit or other action in a given month.</ref><br />[[list of Wikipedias#Statistics totals|>{{formatnum:{{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|USERS|totalactive.wikipedia}}}}}}]] registered users | launch_date = {{Start date and age|mf=yes|p=yes|br=yes|2001|1|15}} | current_status = Active | content_license = {{Nowrap|[[Creative Commons license|CC Attribution / Share-Alike]] 3.0}}<br />Most text is also dual-licensed under [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]]; media licensing varies | programming_language = [[LAMP (software bundle)|LAMP]] platform<ref name="roadchap">{{cite web |url=https://rogchap.com/2011/09/06/top-40-website-programming-languages/ |title= Top 40 Website Programming Languages |website= rogchap.com |author= Chapman, Roger |date= September 6, 2011 |access-date= September 6, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922015103/https://rogchap.com/2011/09/06/top-40-website-programming-languages/ |archive-date= September 22, 2013}}</ref> | oclc = 52075003 }} '''Wikipedia''' ke [[Ensaetlolopedia|ensatlolopedia]]<nowiki/>ya mahala. E botlhokwa tota go dirisediwa go ka tlaleletsa dithuto. E fitlhelelwa ke mongwe le mongwe. Motho o ka dirisa mogala wa letheka kgotsa mafaratlhatlha a inthanete (internet) go ka batla kitso sengwe. ==Metswedi== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Wikipedia]] == Ditso == Go ne ga lekeletswa diensaetlolopedia tse di farologaneng tsa tirisanommogo tsa mo mafaratlhatlheng (inthanete) pele ga go simololwa ga Wikipedia, mme tsotlhe tsa atlega fela e seng mo go kalo kalo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Garber |first=Megan |date=October 12, 2011 |title=The contribution conundrum: Why did Wikipedia succeed while other encyclopedias failed? |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2011/10/the-contribution-conundrum-why-did-wikipedia-succeed-while-other-encyclopedias-failed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114540/https://www.niemanlab.org/2011/10/the-contribution-conundrum-why-did-wikipedia-succeed-while-other-encyclopedias-failed/ |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=June 5, 2016 |website=Nieman Lab}}</ref> Wikipedia e simolotse e le lenaneo le le tlaleletsang Nupedia, e leng thulaganyo ya mahala ya mafaratlhatlha a inthanete ya ensaetlolopedia ya puo ya Sekgoa e makwalo a yone a neng a kwalwa ke baitseanape le go sekasekwa ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo e e tlhomameng. <ref name="KockJungSyn2016">{{Cite journal |last=Kock |first=Ned |author-link=Ned Kock |last2=Jung |first2=Yusun |last3=Syn |first3=Thant |date=2016 |title=Wikipedia and e-Collaboration Research: Opportunities and Challenges |url=https://cits.tamiu.edu/kock/pubs/journals/2016JournalIJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration/Kock_etal_2016_IJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[International Journal of e-Collaboration]] |publisher=IGI Global |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.4018/IJeC.2016040101 |issn=1548-3681 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927001627/https://cits.tamiu.edu/kock/pubs/journals/2016JournalIJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration/Kock_etal_2016_IJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration.pdf |archive-date=September 27, 2016}}</ref> E tlhomilwe ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a le boferabongwe, ngwaga wa 2000, e le ya Bomis, e leng kompone ya web portal . Batho ba bagolo ba yone e ne e le Mookamedi-mogolo wa Bomis e bong Jimmy Wales le Larry Sanger, morulaganyi-mogolo wa Nupedia mme moragonyana wa Wikipedia. Nupedia e neilwe teseletso lantlha ka fa tlase ga teseletso ya yone ya Diteng tse di Buletsweng tsa Nupedia. Pele ga Wikipedia e tlhongwa, Nupedia e ne ya fetogela kwa Teseletso ya Dikwalo ya Mahala ya GNU se se rotloediwa ke Richard Stallman . Gantsi Wales o fiwa tlotla gore o ne a kgona go tlhalosa ka botlalo maikano a go dira ensaetlolopedia e makwalo a yone a kgonang go kwalwa le go baakangwa ke setshaba , fa Sanger ene a bokelwa go tswa ka leano la go dirisa wiki go fitlhelela maikano ao. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-15 |title=Tech Rewind: How Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia came to be |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/health-and-fitness/article/tech-rewind--how-wikipedia--the-free-encyclopedia-came-to-be-15915177 |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome, ngwaga wa 2001, Sanger o ne a ntsha mogopolo mo dithomelong tsa Nupedia go tlhama wiki gore e bereke go "thusa" lenaneo la Nupedia. <ref name="nupedia feeder from WP 1" group="W">{{Cite news|last=Sanger|first=Larry|date=January 10, 2001|title=Let's Make a Wiki|url=https://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html|access-date=December 26, 2008|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> === Tshimololo le kgolo === Wikipedia e simolodisitswe ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001, (ka dinako tse dingwe le bidiwa "Letsatsi la Wikipedia"), {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=7}} e le kgatiso e le nngwe ya puo ya Sekgoa e e nang le leina la kgolagano ya ''www.wikipedia.com'', mme le ne la bolelwa ke Sanger mo dithomelong tsa Nupedia. Leina le, le le duleng ka Sanger go thibela tshenyo epe e e ka nnang teng mo leineng la Nupedia, <ref>{{Cite news|last=Larry Sanger|author-link=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> le simolotse mo motswakong wa mafoko ''wiki'' le ''encyclopedia'' . Wales o boletse gore kgopolo ya Wikipedia e ne ya tlhotlhelediwa ke dikgopolo tsa thulaganyo e e sa rulaganngwang e e neng e amana le Friedrich Hayek le [[Austrian School|Sekolo sa tsa itsholelo sa kwa Austria]] morago ga gore moitseanape wa tsa itsholelo yo o ratang kgololesego e bong Mark Thornton a supe megopolo ye . <ref>{{Cite news|date=2009-04-15|title=Wikipedia's Model Follows Hayek - WSJ|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123976347774119699}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mangu-Ward |first=Katherine |date=2007-05-30 |title=Wikipedia and Beyond |url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ |archive-date=July 25, 2021 |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Reason.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Segolobogolo, Wales o ne ya tlhotlhelediwa ke polelo ya ga Hayek ya Tiriso ya Kitso mo Setšhabeng e e neng e bolela gore e ne e le "konokono" mo mogopolong wa gagwe ka ga "kafa a ka laolang lenaneo la Wikipedia ka teng". <ref name=":0" /> Molao wa tsamaiso ya yone o o botlhokwa wa " pono e e sa tseyeng letlhakore " o ne wa simolola mo ngwageng wa yone wa ntlha . {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=29}}Mme fela, go ne go na le melao e mmalwa, mme e ne e bereka e sa laolwe ke Nupedia. Bomis kwa tshimologong e ne e ikaeletse gore e nne kgwebo e e dirang dipoelo. <ref name="Seth-Finkelstein">{{Cite news|date=September 25, 2008|title=Read me first: Wikipedia isn't about human potential, whatever Wales says|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/sep/25/wikipedia.internet|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> Wikipedia e ne ya bona bakwadi/batlatsi ba ntlha go tswa mo Nupedia, dipego tsa ''Slashdot'', le go dira dikgolagano tsa enjene ya patlo ya webo. Dikgatiso tsa puo di ne tsa tlhamiwa go simolola ka Mopitlo 2001, mme palo yotlhe ya tse di ne di dirisiwang di le lekgolo le masome a le marataro le bongwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2004. Nupedia le Wikipedia di ne tsa nna mmogo go fitlhela disefara tsa Nupedia di emisetswa ruri ka 2003, mme dikwalo tsa yone di ne tsa tsenngwa mo Wikipedia. Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e fetile letshwao la dikwalo tse di didikadike di le pedi (2 million) ka Lwetse a le malatsi a le boferabongwe, ngwaga wa 2007, mme se se ne sa e dira gore e nne ensaetlolopedia e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe tse di kileng tsa kokoanngwa, e feta ''Ensaetlolopedia ya Yongle'' e e neng ya dirwa kwa China ka nako ya puso ya ga Ming ka 1408, e e neng e tshwere rekoto ya teng dingwaga di ka nna makgolo a le marataro. Ka ntlha ya go tshaba papatso ya dikgwebo le go tlhoka taolo, badirisi ba Wikipedia ya Sepanishe ba ne ba tswa mo Wikipedia go tlhama {{Lang|es|[[Enciclopedia Libre]]}} ka Tlhakole 2002. <ref name="EL fears and start 1" group="W">{{Cite web |title=[long] Enciclopedia Libre: msg#00008 |url=https://osdir.com/ml/science.linguistics.wikipedia.international/2003-03/msg00008.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006065927/https://osdir.com/ml/science.linguistics.wikipedia.international/2003-03/msg00008.html |archive-date=October 6, 2008 |access-date=December 26, 2008 |website=Osdir}}</ref> Morago ga moo Wales o ne a ntsha kitsiso ya gore Wikipedia ga e kitla e bontsha dikgang tsa ipapatso mme ya fetola kgolagano ya dikhomphiutha go tswa go ''wikipedia.com'' go ya go ''wikipedia.org'' . <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Vibber |first=Brion |date=August 16, 2002 |title=Brion VIBBER at pobox.com |url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-August/003982.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620071550/https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-August/003982.html |archive-date=June 20, 2014 |access-date=December 8, 2020 |website=[[Wikimedia]]}}</ref> Morago ga paka ya ntlha ya kgolo e e kwa godimo, <ref name="wikisym slowing growth 1" /> go lebega selekanyo sa kgolo ya Wikipedia ya Sekgoa go ya ka dipalo tsa dikwalo tse disha le tsa bakwadi e ne ya tsholetsega thata go bapa le ngwaga wa 2007 o simolola. <ref name="guardian WP user peak 1">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia approaches its limits|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/aug/12/wikipedia-deletionist-inclusionist|access-date=March 31, 2010}}</ref> Kgatiso e e ne ya fitlhelela dikwalo di le didikadike di le tharo ka Phatwe 2009. Dikwalo di ka nna sekete le makgolo a le boferabobedi di ne di tsenngwa mo ensaetlolopedia ye ka letsatsi ka ngwaga wa 2006; ka 2013 palogare eo e ne e tsamaela makgolo a le boferabobedi. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Wikipedia)) |author-link=Special:History/Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia extended growth |title=Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia extended growth |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Modelling_Wikipedia_extended_growth |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826234512/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Modelling_Wikipedia%27s_growth |archive-date=August 26, 2011 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Setlhopha kwa Lekalaneng la Dipatlisiso la Palo Alto se ne sa amanya go fokotsega mo ga kgolo le "go oketsega ga kgokagano le ditshenyegelo tse di kwa godimo, go se akarediwe batho ba basha mo lenaneong, le go gana diphetogo tse disha". Ba bangwe ba ne ba akantsha gore kgolo e ne ya fokotsega ka gonne dikwalo tse di ka bidiwang " [[wiktionary:low-hanging fruit|tse di motlhofo thata]] "— tsa ditlhogo tse di tshwanelwang ke go nna dikwalo—di ne di setse di tlhamilwe le go agiwa thata. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Cohen|author-link=Noam Cohen|title=Wikipedia&nbsp;– Exploring Fact City|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/29/weekinreview/29cohen.html}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele 2009, mmatlisisi mongwe kwa Sekolong sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Rey Juan Carlos kwa Madrid, kwa Spain, o ne a fitlhela gore Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne e latlhegetswe ke bakwadi/batlatsi ba le dikete di le masome a mane le boferabongwe mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse tharo tsa 2009; fa e bapisiwa, e ne e latlhegetswe ke bakwadi ba le dikete di le nne le makgolo a le boferabongwe fela mo pakeng e e tshwanang ka 2008. <ref name="guardian editors leaving 1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/nov/26/wikipedia-losing-disgruntled-editors|title=Wikipedia falling victim to a war of words|work=The Guardian|location=London|first=Jenny|last=Kleeman|date=November 26, 2009|access-date=December 13, 2016}}</ref> ''Pego ya The Wall Street'' e ne ya umaka melao e e farologaneng e e dirisiwang mo go direng dikwalo le dikganetsano tse di amanang le diteng tsa one gareng ga mabaka a a dirang gore go nne le tlwaelo ya kgang ye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fowler |first=Geoffrey A. |last2=Angwin |first2=Julia |date=November 27, 2009 |title=Volunteers Log Off as Wikipedia Ages |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125893981183759969 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204041034/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125893981183759969 |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> Wales o ne a ganetsa dikgang tse ka 2009, a ganela dikgang tsa phokotsego le go belaela mokgwa wa patlisiso eo. <ref name="telegraph Wales WP not losing editors 1">{{Cite news|last=Barnett|first=Emma|date=November 26, 2009|title=Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales denies site is 'losing' thousands of volunteer editors|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/6660646/Wikipedias-Jimmy-Wales-denies-site-is-losing-thousands-of-volunteer-editors.html|access-date=March 31, 2010}}</ref> Morago ga dingwaga di le pedi, ka 2011, o ne a amogela gore go nnile le phokotsego e nnye, a lemoga phokotsego go tswa go "bakwadi ba ba fetang dikete di le masome a mararo le borataro go le sekae" ka Seetebosigo 2010 go ya go ba le dikete di le masome a mararo le botlhano le makgolo a le boferabobedi ka Seetebosigo 2011. Mo go yone potsolotso eo, o ne a bolela gape gore palo ya bakwadi e ne e "tlhomame e bile e tswelelela pele". <ref name="wiki-women">{{Cite news|last=Rawlinson|first=Kevin|date=August 8, 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks women to balance its 'geeky' editors|newspaper=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/wikipedia-seeks-women-to-balance-its-geeky-editors-2333605.html|access-date=April 5, 2012}}</ref> Setlhogo sa lekwalo la 2013 la ''MIT Technology Review'', "Go wela tlase ga Wikipedia", se ne sa belaela polelo e, sa bega gore fa e sale ka 2007 Wikipedia e ne e latlhegetswe ke nngwetharong ya bakwadi ba yone ba ba ithaopileng, mme sa akantsha gore ba ba setseng ba ne ba tlhomile mogopolo thata mo dintlheng tse dinnye. <ref name="Simonite-2013">{{Cite journal |last=Simonite |first=Tom |date=October 22, 2013 |title=The Decline of Wikipedia |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ |url-status=live |journal=[[MIT Technology Review]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731083716/https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ |archive-date=July 31, 2022 |access-date=November 30, 2013}}</ref> Ka Phukwi 2012, ''The Atlantic'' e ne ya bega gore palo ya batsamaisi le yone e ne e fokotsega. <ref name="Meyer-2012">{{Cite news|last=Meyer|first=Robinson|date=July 16, 2012|title=3 Charts That Show How Wikipedia Is Running Out of Admins|work=The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/07/3-charts-that-show-how-wikipedia-is-running-out-of-admins/259829|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatseele 2013, bukana ya ditshwantsho ya ''New York'' e ne ya bolela jaana, "Wikipedia, webosaete ya borataro e e dirisiwang thata, e lebagane le mathata a tsamaiso ya one." Palo ya bakwadi ba esaentlolopedia ya Sekgoa ba ba e dirisang gangwe le gape fa e sa le ka nako eo e ntse e tlhomame morago ga nako e telele ya go wela tlase. <ref>{{Cite news|last=F.|first=G.|date=May 5, 2013|title=Who really runs Wikipedia?|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2013/05/05/who-really-runs-wikipedia|access-date=November 26, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mandiberg |first=Michael |date=February 23, 2020 |title=Mapping Wikipedia |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/02/where-wikipedias-editors-are-where-they-arent-and-why/605023/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115131524/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/02/where-wikipedias-editors-are-where-they-arent-and-why/605023 |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |access-date=November 26, 2021 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa 2014, Subodh Varma yo o neng a begela ''The Economic Times'' o ne a supa gore ga se fela gore kgolo ya Wikipedia e ne e eme, e ne e "latlhegetswe ke palo ya dipono tsa dikwalo di ka nna lesome mo lekgolong ngogola. Go nnile le phokotsego ye e ka nnang dikadikadike di le dikete tse pedi (2 billion) fa gare ga Sedimonthole 2012 le Sedimonthole 2013. Diphetolelo tsa yone tse di ratiwang thata ke tsone tse di eteletseng pele mo tsebeng: dipono tsa dikwalo tsa Wikipedia ya Sekgoa di fokotsegile ka lesome le bobedi mo lekgolong (12%), tsa mofuta wa Sejeremane di fokotsegile ka lesome le bosupa mo lekgolong (17%) mme tsa mofuta wa Sejapane di fokotsegile ka boferabongwe mo lekgolong (9%)." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{Cite news|last=Varma|first=Subodh|date=January 20, 2014|title=Google eating into Wikipedia page views?|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/29094246.cms|access-date=February 10, 2014}}</ref> Varma o ne a tlatsa a re, "Le fa baokamedi ba Wikipedia ba akanya gore se se ka tswa se bakilwe ke diphoso tsa go tsaa dipalo, baitseanape ba bangwe ba akanya gore lenaneo la Google la Knowledge Graphs le le simolotsweng ngogola le ka tswa le ne le tsaya badirisi ba Wikipedia." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com" /> Fa go ikgolagangwa le ene, Clay Shirky, morutintshi-mmogo kwa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa New York le modiri ka ene kwa Lekalana la Setšhaba le mafaratlhatlha a Inthanete la Berkman Klein la Harvard o ne a bolela gore o belaela gore bontsi jwa go fokotsega ga go lebelewa ga ditsebe go bakilwe ke Dikerafo tsa Kitso, a bolela jaana, "Fa o ka kgona go bona karabo ya potso ya gago mo tsebeng ya patlo, ga o tlhoke go [tobetsa] go ya pele." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com" /> Kwa bokhutlong jwa Sedimonthole 2016, Wikipedia e ne ya fiwa maemo a botlhano mo webosaeteng e e itseweng thata mo lefatsheng lotlhe ka bophara. <ref name="Alexa">{{Cite web |title=Alexa Top 500 Global Sites |url=https://www.alexa.com/topsites |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203120227/https://www.alexa.com/topsites |archive-date=February 3, 2021 |access-date=December 28, 2016 |website=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Go ema ka Firikgong 2023, go setse go nopotswe dikwalo di le dikete di le masome a matlhano le botlhano le makgolo a le bosupa le masome a le boferabongwe le bongwe (55 791) tsa Wikipedia ya Sekgoa makgetho a le dikete di le masome a le boferabongwe le bobedi le makgolo a le mararo (92 300 ) mo dibukaneng tsa barutegi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Citations of Wikipedia as an Online Resource |url=https://exaly.com/online-resource/146983/en.wikipedia.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104134042/https://exaly.com/online-resource/146983/en.wikipedia.org |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |access-date=November 4, 2022 |publisher=exaly}}</ref> tse go tswa mo go tsone tiriso ya dikitso tsa dikhomphiutha e neng e le tsebe e e nopotsweng thata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Citations of Cloud Computing |url=https://exaly.com/online-document/8348259/articles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104134042/https://exaly.com/online-document/8348259/articles/ |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |access-date=November 4, 2022 |publisher=exaly}}</ref> === Dithulaganyo tse di berekang le yone === Wikipedia e tlhamile mananeo a le mmalwa a a berekang le ensaetlolopedia, tse gape e leng diwiki tse di tsamaisiwang ke [[Wikimedia Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] . [[Wikimedia Foundation|Mananeo a mangwe a Wikimedia]] a a akaretsa Wiktionary, lenaneo la bukana ya ithunthuntso mafoko e e neng ya simololwa ka Sedimonthole 2002, Wikiquote, kokoanyo ya dinopolo tse di tlhamilweng beke morago ga gore Wikimedia e simololwe, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Woods |first=Dan |year=2007 |title=Wikis for dummies |last2=Theony |first2=Peter |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn=978-1-118-05066-8 |edition=1st |location=Hoboken, NJ |page=58 |chapter=3: The Thousand Problem-Solving Faces of Wikis |oclc=1300481129 |ol=5741003W}}</ref> Wikibooks, kokoanyo ya dibukathuto tsa mahala tse di kwadilweng ka tirisanommogo, <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Meta-Wiki)) |author-link=m:Special:History/Talk:Science Hypertextbook project |title=Talk:Science Hypertextbook project |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=153077 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319183224/http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=153077 |archive-date=March 19, 2023 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> [[Wikimedia Commons]] . e e neng e diretswe metswedi ya dikgang ya kitso e e gololesegileng, Wikinews, ya bobegadikgang jo bo dirisanang mmogo, le Wikiversity, lenaneo la go tlhama didirisiwa tsa go ithuta tsa mahala le go tlamela ka ditiro tsa go ithuta ka inthanete. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Wikiversity)) |author-link=v:Special:History/Wikiversity:History of Wikiversity |title=Wikiversity:History of Wikiversity |url=https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:History_of_Wikiversity |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724204635/https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:History_of_Wikiversity |archive-date=July 24, 2015 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Wikiversity |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Lenaneo le lengwe la Wikipedia, Wikispecies, le nankolola mefuta ya ditshedi tsotlhe, mme ga e a bulegela go ka tlaletswa ke setšhaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=February 18, 2005 |title=NET News: Calling All Taxonomists |journal=Science |volume=307 |issue=5712 |page=1021 |doi=10.1126/science.307.5712.1021a |s2cid=220095354 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ka 2012, Wikivoyage, e leng kaedi ya mesepele e e ka tlaleletswang, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Luyt |first=Brendan |date=January 1, 2020 |title=A new kind of travel guide or more of the same? Wikivoyage and Cambodia |journal=Online Information Review |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=356–371 |doi=10.1108/OIR-03-2020-0104}}</ref> le Wikidata, e leng motheo wa kitso o o ka tlaleletswang le one, di ne tsa simololwa. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Matthew |date=March 30, 2012 |title=The Wikipedia data revolution |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2012/03/30/the-wikipedia-data-revolution/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114634/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2012/03/30/the-wikipedia-data-revolution/ |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Diff |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> === Diphitlhelelo === [[File:List_of_Wikipedia_articles_by_language_-_March_2024.svg|thumb|[[Cartogram]] showing number of articles in the top 88 Wikipedias ({{as of|2024|3|lc=y|post=).}} The size of the circles for Wikipedias that have less than a million articles is fixed and not proportional to the size of the Wikipedia. The smallest Wikipedia that made the cutoff is the [[Haitian Creole]] Wikipedia with 69K articles.{{efn|As of April 2026, the [[Haitian Creole]] Wikipedia, with 72K articles, is in 91st place when ranked by number of articles.}}<br /> The languages are roughly grouped by region: <br />{{hlist|{{legend0|#4C0099|[[Northern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CC0000|[[Southern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CCCC00|[[Eastern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CC6600|[[Middle East]]}}|{{legend0|#4C9900|[[East Asia]]}}|{{legend0|#00CDFF|[[Indian subcontinent]]}}|{{legend0|#660000|[[Sub-Saharan Africa]]}}|{{legend0|#808080|[[Central Asia]]}}|{{legend0|#6600CC|[[Caribbean]]}}}} ]] Ka Firikgong 2007, Wikipedia e ne ya nna nngwe ya diwebosaete tse di lesome tse di tumileng thata kwa Amerika, go ya ka Comscore Networks. <ref name="Comscore-2007">{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2007 |title=New Year's Resolutions Reflected in January U.S. Web Traffic |url=https://ir.comscore.com/static-files/45b068e1-1cee-412a-b48f-21ec34e7b59d |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819190445/https://ir.comscore.com/static-files/45b068e1-1cee-412a-b48f-21ec34e7b59d |archive-date=August 19, 2021 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[Comscore]] |page=3 |format=PDF}}</ref> Ka badirisi ba yone ba ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le masome a mane le bobedi le dikete di le makgolo a le boferabongwe (42.9), e ne ya nna mo maemong a boferabongwe, e feta ''The New York Times'' (maemo a lesome) le Apple (maemo a lesome le bongwe). <ref name="Comscore-2007" /> Se se ne sa tshwaya koketsego e e bonalang go feta Firikgong 2006, fa Wikipedia e ne e le mo maemong a bomasome a le mararo le boraro, ka badirisi ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le lesome le boferabobedi le dikete di le makgolo a le mararo ka (18.3 million). Ka 2014, e ne ya amogela dipono tsa ditsebe di le didikadike di le dikete tse di boferabobedi (8 billion) kgwedi le kgwedi. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report&nbsp;– Wikipedia Page Views Per Country |url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm |archive-date=October 20, 2011 |access-date=March 8, 2015 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Ka Tlhakole a le malatsi ae boferabongwe, 2014, ''The New York Times'' e ne ya bega gore Wikipedia e ne e na le &nbsp;dipono tsa ditsebe di le dikadikadike di le dikete tse dilesome le boferabobedi (18 billion) le badirisi ba ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le makgolo a le matlhano (500 million) ka kgwedi, "go ya ka ditekanyetso tsa comScore". <ref name="small screen">{{Cite news|last=Cohen|first=Noam|author-link=Noam Cohen|date=February 9, 2014|title=Wikipedia vs. the Small Screen|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/10/technology/wikipedia-vs-the-small-screen.html?_r=0|access-date=January 22, 2023}}</ref> Go ema ka Mopitlo 2023, e ne le mo maemong a borataro ka go tuma go ya kaSimilarweb.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Similarweb |title=Top Websites Ranking – Most Visited Websites In The World |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210041116/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |archive-date=February 10, 2022 |access-date=March 4, 2023 |website=[[Similarweb]]}}</ref> Jeff Loveland le Joseph Reagle ba nganga gore, mo tsamaisong, Wikipedia e latela mokgwa wa tsela e e telele wa diensaetlolopedia tsa ditso tse di kokoantseng ditokafatso ka bonya ka bonya ka " go kokoanya ga stigmergy ". <ref name="sagepub WP and encyclopedic production 1">{{Cite journal |last=Loveland |first=Jeff |last2=Reagle |first2=Joseph |date=January 15, 2013 |title=Wikipedia and encyclopedic production |journal=New Media & Society |volume=15 |issue=8 |page=1294 |doi=10.1177/1461444812470428 |issn=1461-4448 |s2cid=27886998}}</ref> <ref name="theatlantic WP actually a reversion 1">{{Cite web |last=Rosen |first=Rebecca J. |date=January 30, 2013 |title=What If the Great Wikipedia 'Revolution' Was Actually a Reversion? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/what-if-the-great-wikipedia-revolution-was-actually-a-reversion/272697 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229051117/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/what-if-the-great-wikipedia-revolution-was-actually-a-reversion/272697/ |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |access-date=February 9, 2013 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome le boferabobedi, ngwaga wa 2012, Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne ya nna le seabe mo motseletseleng wa ditshupetso tse di rulagantsweng kgatlhanong le melao e mebedi e e neng e tshitshintswe kwa Lekgotlaneng la United States — Molao wa go Emisa go Utswa bodiratsi/dikwalo mo mafaratlhatlheng (SOPA) le Molao wa PROTECT IP (PIPA)—ka go fifatsa ditsebe tsa yone dioura di le masome a mabedi le bone . <ref name="LA Times Jan 19">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia: SOPA protest led eight million to look up reps in Congress|url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2012/01/wikipedia-sopa-blackout-congressional-representatives.html|access-date=March 6, 2012}}</ref> Batho ba feta didikadike di le lekgolo le le lengwe le masome a mabedi ba bone tsebe e e neng e tlhalosa go fifafatsa moo e e neng e tsere maemo a diteng tsa ensaetlolopedia nakwana e e seng ya sennela ruri. <ref name="BBC WP blackout protest 1">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia joins blackout protest at US anti-piracy moves|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-16590585|access-date=January 19, 2012}}</ref> <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=SOPA/Blackoutpage |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/SOPA/Blackoutpage |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622185443/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/SOPA/Blackoutpage |archive-date=June 22, 2018 |access-date=January 19, 2012 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Ka Firikgong 2013, 274301 Wikipedia, e leng asteroid, e ne ya bidiwa ka Wikipedia; <ref>{{Cite news|last=Workman|first=Robert|date=January 5, 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|work=[[Space.com]]|url=https://www.space.com/19643-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> ka Phalane 2014, Wikipedia e ne ya tlotlomatswa ka ''Sefikantswe sa Wikipedia'' ; <ref>{{Cite news|last=Katz|first=Leslie|date=October 27, 2014|title=A Wikipedia monument? It's true (we're pretty sure)|work=[[CNET]]|url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/a-wikipedia-monument-its-true-were-pretty-sure/|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> mme, ka Phukwi 2015, ditshutiso tsa Wikipedia di le lekgolo le le lengwe le borataro (106) mo go tse di dikete di le bosupa le makgolo a le mane le masome a le bosupa le boraro (7 473) tse di nang le ditsebe di le makgolo a le masupa 700 di ne tsa nna teng e le Wikipedia e e Gatisitsweng . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sawers |first=Paul |date=June 18, 2015 |title=You can soon buy a 7,471-volume printed version of Wikipedia for $500,000 |url=https://venturebeat.com/business/you-can-soon-buy-a-7471-volume-printed-version-of-wikipedia-for-500000/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017154940/https://venturebeat.com/business/you-can-soon-buy-a-7471-volume-printed-version-of-wikipedia-for-500000/ |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |access-date=January 24, 2023 |website=VentureBeat}}</ref> Ka Moranang 2019, sefofane sa Iseraele se se fologang mo ngweding, Beresheet, se ne sa wela mo godimo ga [[Ngwedi]] se tshotse dikhophi tsa dikwalo tsa Wikipedia ya sekgoa tsotlhe di gateletswe mo dipoleiting tse ditshesane tsa nikele; baitseanape ba re go ka direga gore dipoleiti tse di ne tsa seka tsa amega fa tiragalo e ya go wa ga sefofane e diragala. <ref name="WRD-20190805">{{Cite news|last=Oberhaus|first=Daniel|date=August 5, 2019|title=A Crashed Israeli Lunar Lander Spilled Tardigrades On The Moon|work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|url=https://www.wired.com/story/a-crashed-israeli-lunar-lander-spilled-tardigrades-on-the-moon/|access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="VOX-20190806">{{Cite news|last=Resnick|first=Brian|title=Tardigrades, the toughest animals on Earth, have crash-landed on the moon&nbsp;– The tardigrade conquest of the solar system has begun.|url=https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/8/6/20756844/tardigrade-moon-beresheet-arch-mission|date=August 6, 2019|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> Ka Seetebosigo 2019, baitseanape ba maranyane ba ne ba bega gore 16 GB otlhe wa dikwalo tse di tswang mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa o tsentswe mo DNA ya maitirelo . <ref name="CNET-20190629">{{Cite news|last=Shankland|first=Stephen|date=June 29, 2019|title=Startup packs all 16&nbsp;GB of Wikipedia onto DNA strands to demonstrate new storage tech&nbsp;– Biological molecules will last a lot longer than the latest computer storage technology, Catalog believes.|work=[[CNET]]|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/startup-packs-all-16gb-wikipedia-onto-dna-strands-demonstrate-new-storage-tech/|access-date=August 15, 2023}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le lesome le boferabobedi, 2023, Wikipedia e ne ya simolodisa webosaete e ntšha e e baakantsweng , e e bidiwang " Vector 2022 ". <ref name="Pearl-2023">{{Cite web |last=Pearl |first=Mike |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Yes, Wikipedia looks weird. Don't freak out. |url=https://mashable.com/article/new-wikipedia-redesign |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120012235/https://mashable.com/article/new-wikipedia-redesign |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[Mashable]]}}</ref> <ref name="Tech Desk-2023">{{Cite web |last=Tech Desk |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Wikipedia gets a facelift after 10 years: A look at new interface and features |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/wikipedia-gets-a-facelift-after-10-years-a-look-at-new-interface-and-features/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119054103/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/wikipedia-gets-a-facelift-after-10-years-a-look-at-new-interface-and-features/ |archive-date=January 19, 2023 |access-date=January 22, 2023 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> E ne e na le tsebe ya lenaneo e e tlhamilweng sesha, e sutisetsa tafole ya diteng kafa molemeng go e dira baara e e kafa thoko, le diphetogo di le dintsi fa go tobediwang teng go tlhopha tse o batlang go di dirisa jaaka sedirisiwa sa go tlhopha puo. <ref name="Tech Desk-2023" /> <ref group="W">{{Cite news|date=January 18, 2023|title=Wikipedia Gets a Fresh New Look: First Desktop Update in a Decade Puts Usability at the Forefront|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-a-fresh-new-look-first-desktop-update-in-a-decade-puts-usability-at-the-forefront/|access-date=January 22, 2023}}</ref> Ntšhafatso e e ne ya amogela tsibogo e e sa siamang kwa tshimologong, segolobogolo fa bakwadi botlhe ba Wikipedia ya Seswahili ba ne ba tlhopha go busetsa diphetogo morago. <ref name="Pearl-2023" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rauwerda |first=Annie |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Wikipedia's Redesign Is Barely Noticeable. That's the Point. |url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120005241/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Slate Magazine}}</ref> Bobedi jo, Sanger le Wales ba ne tsenelela dipotsolotso tse di phatlalatsa kwa bokhutlong jwa 2025 ka ga dikakanyo tsa bone ka ga maemo le seemo sa Wikipedia, go fitlha go felela fa dingwageng tsa one tse di masome a mabedi le botlhano e ntse e le mo tirisong ka Firikgong a le lesome le botlhano, ngwaga wa 2026; Wales o ne a tlhagelela mo thulaganyong ya dikgang tsa PBS mo lenaneong la GZERO World e e neng e botsolodiwa ke Ian Bremmer mme Sanger o ne a tlhagelela mo Dikgannyeng tsa Fox, e e neng e botsolodiwa ke Ashley Rindsberg . Buka ya ga Wales ya ''Melao e e Supa ya go Ikanyega'' e ne ya gatisiwa ke Penguin Random House ka Phalane 2025 . E ne ya tlhalosiwa ke mogatisi jaaka "kakanyo e e tseneletseng ka ga mathata a lefatshe a go ikanyega le kitso" e le buka e e kanokang "melao ya go tshepana" e e letleletseng kgolo le katlego ya Wikipedia. <ref name="Penguin">{{Cite web |title=The Seven Rules of Trust |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/734278/the-seven-rules-of-trust-by-jimmy-wales-with-dan-gardner/ |access-date=22 October 2025 |website=[[Penguin Random House]] |language=en}}</ref> === Ditlamorago tsa maranyane a botlhale jwa maiterelo (generative AI ) mo dipalong tsa dipono tsa ditsebe tsa Wikipedia === Fa e sa le ka Firikgong 2024, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o begile koketsego ya sephatlo mo lekgolong ya tiriso tsa dibandwith go tswa mo go bapaleng diteng tsa bobegakgang mo mananeong a one otlhe. Go ya ka mokgatlho yo, kgolo e e amana le mananeo a a iperekisang ka boone, kgotsa di-bot tsa " scraper ", tse di kokoanyang ditshutiso tsa kitso mo ditsebeng tsa Wikimedia gore di dirisiwe mo go katiseng didirisiwa tse ditona tsa puo le ditiro tse di amanang le tsone. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weaver |first=Tanya |date=2025-04-04 |title=AI scraper bots putting costly strain on Wikimedia infrastructure |url=https://eandt.theiet.org/2025/04/04/ai-scraper-bots-are-putting-costly-strain-wikimedias-infrastructure |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=eandt.theiet.org}}</ref> Ka Phalane 2025, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o ne wa bega palo kakanyetso e le boferabobedi mo lekgolong ya phokotsego ya pharakano fa go bapisiwa le kgwedi e e tshwanang ka 2024 mo diponong tse di dirilweng ke batho. Ba bua gore se se bontsha tiriso ya Maranyane a botlhale jwa maitirelo le metswedi ya dikgang di sedimosa ka fa batho ba ratang go batla kitso/dikgang ka teng. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ha |first=Anthony |date=2025-10-18 |title=Wikipedia says traffic is falling due to AI search summaries and social video |url=https://techcrunch.com/2025/10/18/wikipedia-says-traffic-is-falling-due-to-ai-search-summaries-and-social-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251221202413/https://techcrunch.com/2025/10/18/wikipedia-says-traffic-is-falling-due-to-ai-search-summaries-and-social-video/ |archive-date=December 21, 2025 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=TechCrunch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Marshall |date=2025-10-17 |title=New User Trends on Wikipedia |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/ |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=Diff}}</ref> <references /> mc0s4fhuva6t22d60lw533u99b9a93h 52298 52297 2026-07-10T10:38:43Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | name = Wikipedia | logo = [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-tn.svg|250px]] | logo_caption = Sekano sa [[Wikipedia]] | screenshot = Wikipedia Portal Screenshot (2022).svg{{!}}border | screenshot_alt = Wikipedia portal showing the different languages sorted by article count | collapsible = yes | caption = Tebego ya tsebe ya konokono ya Wikipedia ka komputara | type = [[Maranyane a encyclopedia]] | language_count = {{NUMBEROF|languages|Wikipedia}} | country_of_origin = United States | owner = {{Unbulleted list|[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|}} | authors = {{Unbulleted list|[[Jimmy Wales]]|[[Larry Sanger]]}} | url = {{URL|https://www.wikipedia.org/|wikipedia.org}} | commercial = Nyaa | registration = Wa ithopela | num_users = [[List of Wikipedias#Statistics totals|>{{formatnum:{{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ACTIVEUSERS|totalactive.wikipedia}}}}}}]] active editors<ref> To be considered [[Special:ActiveUsers|active]], a user must make at least one edit or other action in a given month.</ref><br />[[list of Wikipedias#Statistics totals|>{{formatnum:{{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|USERS|totalactive.wikipedia}}}}}}]] registered users | launch_date = {{Start date and age|mf=yes|p=yes|br=yes|2001|1|15}} | current_status = Active | content_license = {{Nowrap|[[Creative Commons license|CC Attribution / Share-Alike]] 3.0}}<br />Most text is also dual-licensed under [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]]; media licensing varies | programming_language = [[LAMP (software bundle)|LAMP]] platform<ref name="roadchap">{{cite web |url=https://rogchap.com/2011/09/06/top-40-website-programming-languages/ |title= Top 40 Website Programming Languages |website= rogchap.com |author= Chapman, Roger |date= September 6, 2011 |access-date= September 6, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922015103/https://rogchap.com/2011/09/06/top-40-website-programming-languages/ |archive-date= September 22, 2013}}</ref> | oclc = 52075003 }} '''Wikipedia''' ke [[Ensaetlolopedia|ensatlolopedia]] ya mahala. E botlhokwa tota go dirisediwa go ka tlaleletsa dithuto. E fitlhelelwa ke mongwe le mongwe. Motho o ka dirisa mogala wa letheka kgotsa mafaratlhatlha a inthanete (internet) go ka batla kitso ka sengwe. ==Metswedi== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Wikipedia]] == Ditso == Go ne ga lekeletswa diensaetlolopedia tse di farologaneng tsa tirisanommogo tsa mo mafaratlhatlheng (inthanete) pele ga go simololwa ga Wikipedia, mme tsotlhe tsa atlega fela e seng mo go kalo kalo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Garber |first=Megan |date=October 12, 2011 |title=The contribution conundrum: Why did Wikipedia succeed while other encyclopedias failed? |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2011/10/the-contribution-conundrum-why-did-wikipedia-succeed-while-other-encyclopedias-failed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114540/https://www.niemanlab.org/2011/10/the-contribution-conundrum-why-did-wikipedia-succeed-while-other-encyclopedias-failed/ |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=June 5, 2016 |website=Nieman Lab}}</ref> Wikipedia e simolotse e le lenaneo le le tlaleletsang Nupedia, e leng thulaganyo ya mahala ya mafaratlhatlha a inthanete ya ensaetlolopedia ya puo ya Sekgoa e makwalo a yone a neng a kwalwa ke baitseanape le go sekasekwa ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo e e tlhomameng. <ref name="KockJungSyn2016">{{Cite journal |last=Kock |first=Ned |author-link=Ned Kock |last2=Jung |first2=Yusun |last3=Syn |first3=Thant |date=2016 |title=Wikipedia and e-Collaboration Research: Opportunities and Challenges |url=https://cits.tamiu.edu/kock/pubs/journals/2016JournalIJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration/Kock_etal_2016_IJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[International Journal of e-Collaboration]] |publisher=IGI Global |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.4018/IJeC.2016040101 |issn=1548-3681 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927001627/https://cits.tamiu.edu/kock/pubs/journals/2016JournalIJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration/Kock_etal_2016_IJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration.pdf |archive-date=September 27, 2016}}</ref> E tlhomilwe ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a le boferabongwe, ngwaga wa 2000, e le ya Bomis, e leng kompone ya web portal . Batho ba bagolo ba yone e ne e le Mookamedi-mogolo wa Bomis e bong Jimmy Wales le Larry Sanger, morulaganyi-mogolo wa Nupedia mme moragonyana wa Wikipedia. Nupedia e neilwe teseletso lantlha ka fa tlase ga teseletso ya yone ya Diteng tse di Buletsweng tsa Nupedia. Pele ga Wikipedia e tlhongwa, Nupedia e ne ya fetogela kwa Teseletso ya Dikwalo ya Mahala ya GNU se se rotloediwa ke Richard Stallman . Gantsi Wales o fiwa tlotla gore o ne a kgona go tlhalosa ka botlalo maikano a go dira ensaetlolopedia e makwalo a yone a kgonang go kwalwa le go baakangwa ke setshaba , fa Sanger ene a bokelwa go tswa ka leano la go dirisa wiki go fitlhelela maikano ao. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-15 |title=Tech Rewind: How Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia came to be |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/health-and-fitness/article/tech-rewind--how-wikipedia--the-free-encyclopedia-came-to-be-15915177 |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome, ngwaga wa 2001, Sanger o ne a ntsha mogopolo mo dithomelong tsa Nupedia go tlhama wiki gore e bereke go "thusa" lenaneo la Nupedia. <ref name="nupedia feeder from WP 1" group="W">{{Cite news|last=Sanger|first=Larry|date=January 10, 2001|title=Let's Make a Wiki|url=https://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html|access-date=December 26, 2008|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> === Tshimololo le kgolo === Wikipedia e simolodisitswe ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001, (ka dinako tse dingwe le bidiwa "Letsatsi la Wikipedia"), {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=7}} e le kgatiso e le nngwe ya puo ya Sekgoa e e nang le leina la kgolagano ya ''www.wikipedia.com'', mme le ne la bolelwa ke Sanger mo dithomelong tsa Nupedia. Leina le, le le duleng ka Sanger go thibela tshenyo epe e e ka nnang teng mo leineng la Nupedia, <ref>{{Cite news|last=Larry Sanger|author-link=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> le simolotse mo motswakong wa mafoko ''wiki'' le ''encyclopedia'' . Wales o boletse gore kgopolo ya Wikipedia e ne ya tlhotlhelediwa ke dikgopolo tsa thulaganyo e e sa rulaganngwang e e neng e amana le Friedrich Hayek le [[Austrian School|Sekolo sa tsa itsholelo sa kwa Austria]] morago ga gore moitseanape wa tsa itsholelo yo o ratang kgololesego e bong Mark Thornton a supe megopolo ye . <ref>{{Cite news|date=2009-04-15|title=Wikipedia's Model Follows Hayek - WSJ|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123976347774119699}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mangu-Ward |first=Katherine |date=2007-05-30 |title=Wikipedia and Beyond |url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ |archive-date=July 25, 2021 |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Reason.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Segolobogolo, Wales o ne ya tlhotlhelediwa ke polelo ya ga Hayek ya Tiriso ya Kitso mo Setšhabeng e e neng e bolela gore e ne e le "konokono" mo mogopolong wa gagwe ka ga "kafa a ka laolang lenaneo la Wikipedia ka teng". <ref name=":0" /> Molao wa tsamaiso ya yone o o botlhokwa wa " pono e e sa tseyeng letlhakore " o ne wa simolola mo ngwageng wa yone wa ntlha . {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=29}}Mme fela, go ne go na le melao e mmalwa, mme e ne e bereka e sa laolwe ke Nupedia. Bomis kwa tshimologong e ne e ikaeletse gore e nne kgwebo e e dirang dipoelo. <ref name="Seth-Finkelstein">{{Cite news|date=September 25, 2008|title=Read me first: Wikipedia isn't about human potential, whatever Wales says|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/sep/25/wikipedia.internet|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> Wikipedia e ne ya bona bakwadi/batlatsi ba ntlha go tswa mo Nupedia, dipego tsa ''Slashdot'', le go dira dikgolagano tsa enjene ya patlo ya webo. Dikgatiso tsa puo di ne tsa tlhamiwa go simolola ka Mopitlo 2001, mme palo yotlhe ya tse di ne di dirisiwang di le lekgolo le masome a le marataro le bongwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2004. Nupedia le Wikipedia di ne tsa nna mmogo go fitlhela disefara tsa Nupedia di emisetswa ruri ka 2003, mme dikwalo tsa yone di ne tsa tsenngwa mo Wikipedia. Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e fetile letshwao la dikwalo tse di didikadike di le pedi (2 million) ka Lwetse a le malatsi a le boferabongwe, ngwaga wa 2007, mme se se ne sa e dira gore e nne ensaetlolopedia e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe tse di kileng tsa kokoanngwa, e feta ''Ensaetlolopedia ya Yongle'' e e neng ya dirwa kwa China ka nako ya puso ya ga Ming ka 1408, e e neng e tshwere rekoto ya teng dingwaga di ka nna makgolo a le marataro. Ka ntlha ya go tshaba papatso ya dikgwebo le go tlhoka taolo, badirisi ba Wikipedia ya Sepanishe ba ne ba tswa mo Wikipedia go tlhama {{Lang|es|[[Enciclopedia Libre]]}} ka Tlhakole 2002. <ref name="EL fears and start 1" group="W">{{Cite web |title=[long] Enciclopedia Libre: msg#00008 |url=https://osdir.com/ml/science.linguistics.wikipedia.international/2003-03/msg00008.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006065927/https://osdir.com/ml/science.linguistics.wikipedia.international/2003-03/msg00008.html |archive-date=October 6, 2008 |access-date=December 26, 2008 |website=Osdir}}</ref> Morago ga moo Wales o ne a ntsha kitsiso ya gore Wikipedia ga e kitla e bontsha dikgang tsa ipapatso mme ya fetola kgolagano ya dikhomphiutha go tswa go ''wikipedia.com'' go ya go ''wikipedia.org'' . <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Vibber |first=Brion |date=August 16, 2002 |title=Brion VIBBER at pobox.com |url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-August/003982.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620071550/https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-August/003982.html |archive-date=June 20, 2014 |access-date=December 8, 2020 |website=[[Wikimedia]]}}</ref> Morago ga paka ya ntlha ya kgolo e e kwa godimo, <ref name="wikisym slowing growth 1" /> go lebega selekanyo sa kgolo ya Wikipedia ya Sekgoa go ya ka dipalo tsa dikwalo tse disha le tsa bakwadi e ne ya tsholetsega thata go bapa le ngwaga wa 2007 o simolola. <ref name="guardian WP user peak 1">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia approaches its limits|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/aug/12/wikipedia-deletionist-inclusionist|access-date=March 31, 2010}}</ref> Kgatiso e e ne ya fitlhelela dikwalo di le didikadike di le tharo ka Phatwe 2009. Dikwalo di ka nna sekete le makgolo a le boferabobedi di ne di tsenngwa mo ensaetlolopedia ye ka letsatsi ka ngwaga wa 2006; ka 2013 palogare eo e ne e tsamaela makgolo a le boferabobedi. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Wikipedia)) |author-link=Special:History/Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia extended growth |title=Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia extended growth |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Modelling_Wikipedia_extended_growth |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826234512/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Modelling_Wikipedia%27s_growth |archive-date=August 26, 2011 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Setlhopha kwa Lekalaneng la Dipatlisiso la Palo Alto se ne sa amanya go fokotsega mo ga kgolo le "go oketsega ga kgokagano le ditshenyegelo tse di kwa godimo, go se akarediwe batho ba basha mo lenaneong, le go gana diphetogo tse disha". Ba bangwe ba ne ba akantsha gore kgolo e ne ya fokotsega ka gonne dikwalo tse di ka bidiwang " [[wiktionary:low-hanging fruit|tse di motlhofo thata]] "— tsa ditlhogo tse di tshwanelwang ke go nna dikwalo—di ne di setse di tlhamilwe le go agiwa thata. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Cohen|author-link=Noam Cohen|title=Wikipedia&nbsp;– Exploring Fact City|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/29/weekinreview/29cohen.html}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele 2009, mmatlisisi mongwe kwa Sekolong sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Rey Juan Carlos kwa Madrid, kwa Spain, o ne a fitlhela gore Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne e latlhegetswe ke bakwadi/batlatsi ba le dikete di le masome a mane le boferabongwe mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse tharo tsa 2009; fa e bapisiwa, e ne e latlhegetswe ke bakwadi ba le dikete di le nne le makgolo a le boferabongwe fela mo pakeng e e tshwanang ka 2008. <ref name="guardian editors leaving 1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/nov/26/wikipedia-losing-disgruntled-editors|title=Wikipedia falling victim to a war of words|work=The Guardian|location=London|first=Jenny|last=Kleeman|date=November 26, 2009|access-date=December 13, 2016}}</ref> ''Pego ya The Wall Street'' e ne ya umaka melao e e farologaneng e e dirisiwang mo go direng dikwalo le dikganetsano tse di amanang le diteng tsa one gareng ga mabaka a a dirang gore go nne le tlwaelo ya kgang ye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fowler |first=Geoffrey A. |last2=Angwin |first2=Julia |date=November 27, 2009 |title=Volunteers Log Off as Wikipedia Ages |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125893981183759969 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204041034/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125893981183759969 |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> Wales o ne a ganetsa dikgang tse ka 2009, a ganela dikgang tsa phokotsego le go belaela mokgwa wa patlisiso eo. <ref name="telegraph Wales WP not losing editors 1">{{Cite news|last=Barnett|first=Emma|date=November 26, 2009|title=Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales denies site is 'losing' thousands of volunteer editors|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/6660646/Wikipedias-Jimmy-Wales-denies-site-is-losing-thousands-of-volunteer-editors.html|access-date=March 31, 2010}}</ref> Morago ga dingwaga di le pedi, ka 2011, o ne a amogela gore go nnile le phokotsego e nnye, a lemoga phokotsego go tswa go "bakwadi ba ba fetang dikete di le masome a mararo le borataro go le sekae" ka Seetebosigo 2010 go ya go ba le dikete di le masome a mararo le botlhano le makgolo a le boferabobedi ka Seetebosigo 2011. Mo go yone potsolotso eo, o ne a bolela gape gore palo ya bakwadi e ne e "tlhomame e bile e tswelelela pele". <ref name="wiki-women">{{Cite news|last=Rawlinson|first=Kevin|date=August 8, 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks women to balance its 'geeky' editors|newspaper=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/wikipedia-seeks-women-to-balance-its-geeky-editors-2333605.html|access-date=April 5, 2012}}</ref> Setlhogo sa lekwalo la 2013 la ''MIT Technology Review'', "Go wela tlase ga Wikipedia", se ne sa belaela polelo e, sa bega gore fa e sale ka 2007 Wikipedia e ne e latlhegetswe ke nngwetharong ya bakwadi ba yone ba ba ithaopileng, mme sa akantsha gore ba ba setseng ba ne ba tlhomile mogopolo thata mo dintlheng tse dinnye. <ref name="Simonite-2013">{{Cite journal |last=Simonite |first=Tom |date=October 22, 2013 |title=The Decline of Wikipedia |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ |url-status=live |journal=[[MIT Technology Review]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731083716/https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ |archive-date=July 31, 2022 |access-date=November 30, 2013}}</ref> Ka Phukwi 2012, ''The Atlantic'' e ne ya bega gore palo ya batsamaisi le yone e ne e fokotsega. <ref name="Meyer-2012">{{Cite news|last=Meyer|first=Robinson|date=July 16, 2012|title=3 Charts That Show How Wikipedia Is Running Out of Admins|work=The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/07/3-charts-that-show-how-wikipedia-is-running-out-of-admins/259829|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatseele 2013, bukana ya ditshwantsho ya ''New York'' e ne ya bolela jaana, "Wikipedia, webosaete ya borataro e e dirisiwang thata, e lebagane le mathata a tsamaiso ya one." Palo ya bakwadi ba esaentlolopedia ya Sekgoa ba ba e dirisang gangwe le gape fa e sa le ka nako eo e ntse e tlhomame morago ga nako e telele ya go wela tlase. <ref>{{Cite news|last=F.|first=G.|date=May 5, 2013|title=Who really runs Wikipedia?|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2013/05/05/who-really-runs-wikipedia|access-date=November 26, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mandiberg |first=Michael |date=February 23, 2020 |title=Mapping Wikipedia |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/02/where-wikipedias-editors-are-where-they-arent-and-why/605023/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115131524/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/02/where-wikipedias-editors-are-where-they-arent-and-why/605023 |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |access-date=November 26, 2021 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa 2014, Subodh Varma yo o neng a begela ''The Economic Times'' o ne a supa gore ga se fela gore kgolo ya Wikipedia e ne e eme, e ne e "latlhegetswe ke palo ya dipono tsa dikwalo di ka nna lesome mo lekgolong ngogola. Go nnile le phokotsego ye e ka nnang dikadikadike di le dikete tse pedi (2 billion) fa gare ga Sedimonthole 2012 le Sedimonthole 2013. Diphetolelo tsa yone tse di ratiwang thata ke tsone tse di eteletseng pele mo tsebeng: dipono tsa dikwalo tsa Wikipedia ya Sekgoa di fokotsegile ka lesome le bobedi mo lekgolong (12%), tsa mofuta wa Sejeremane di fokotsegile ka lesome le bosupa mo lekgolong (17%) mme tsa mofuta wa Sejapane di fokotsegile ka boferabongwe mo lekgolong (9%)." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{Cite news|last=Varma|first=Subodh|date=January 20, 2014|title=Google eating into Wikipedia page views?|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/29094246.cms|access-date=February 10, 2014}}</ref> Varma o ne a tlatsa a re, "Le fa baokamedi ba Wikipedia ba akanya gore se se ka tswa se bakilwe ke diphoso tsa go tsaa dipalo, baitseanape ba bangwe ba akanya gore lenaneo la Google la Knowledge Graphs le le simolotsweng ngogola le ka tswa le ne le tsaya badirisi ba Wikipedia." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com" /> Fa go ikgolagangwa le ene, Clay Shirky, morutintshi-mmogo kwa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa New York le modiri ka ene kwa Lekalana la Setšhaba le mafaratlhatlha a Inthanete la Berkman Klein la Harvard o ne a bolela gore o belaela gore bontsi jwa go fokotsega ga go lebelewa ga ditsebe go bakilwe ke Dikerafo tsa Kitso, a bolela jaana, "Fa o ka kgona go bona karabo ya potso ya gago mo tsebeng ya patlo, ga o tlhoke go [tobetsa] go ya pele." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com" /> Kwa bokhutlong jwa Sedimonthole 2016, Wikipedia e ne ya fiwa maemo a botlhano mo webosaeteng e e itseweng thata mo lefatsheng lotlhe ka bophara. <ref name="Alexa">{{Cite web |title=Alexa Top 500 Global Sites |url=https://www.alexa.com/topsites |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203120227/https://www.alexa.com/topsites |archive-date=February 3, 2021 |access-date=December 28, 2016 |website=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Go ema ka Firikgong 2023, go setse go nopotswe dikwalo di le dikete di le masome a matlhano le botlhano le makgolo a le bosupa le masome a le boferabongwe le bongwe (55 791) tsa Wikipedia ya Sekgoa makgetho a le dikete di le masome a le boferabongwe le bobedi le makgolo a le mararo (92 300 ) mo dibukaneng tsa barutegi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Citations of Wikipedia as an Online Resource |url=https://exaly.com/online-resource/146983/en.wikipedia.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104134042/https://exaly.com/online-resource/146983/en.wikipedia.org |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |access-date=November 4, 2022 |publisher=exaly}}</ref> tse go tswa mo go tsone tiriso ya dikitso tsa dikhomphiutha e neng e le tsebe e e nopotsweng thata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Citations of Cloud Computing |url=https://exaly.com/online-document/8348259/articles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104134042/https://exaly.com/online-document/8348259/articles/ |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |access-date=November 4, 2022 |publisher=exaly}}</ref> === Dithulaganyo tse di berekang le yone === Wikipedia e tlhamile mananeo a le mmalwa a a berekang le ensaetlolopedia, tse gape e leng diwiki tse di tsamaisiwang ke [[Wikimedia Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] . [[Wikimedia Foundation|Mananeo a mangwe a Wikimedia]] a a akaretsa Wiktionary, lenaneo la bukana ya ithunthuntso mafoko e e neng ya simololwa ka Sedimonthole 2002, Wikiquote, kokoanyo ya dinopolo tse di tlhamilweng beke morago ga gore Wikimedia e simololwe, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Woods |first=Dan |year=2007 |title=Wikis for dummies |last2=Theony |first2=Peter |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn=978-1-118-05066-8 |edition=1st |location=Hoboken, NJ |page=58 |chapter=3: The Thousand Problem-Solving Faces of Wikis |oclc=1300481129 |ol=5741003W}}</ref> Wikibooks, kokoanyo ya dibukathuto tsa mahala tse di kwadilweng ka tirisanommogo, <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Meta-Wiki)) |author-link=m:Special:History/Talk:Science Hypertextbook project |title=Talk:Science Hypertextbook project |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=153077 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319183224/http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=153077 |archive-date=March 19, 2023 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> [[Wikimedia Commons]] . e e neng e diretswe metswedi ya dikgang ya kitso e e gololesegileng, Wikinews, ya bobegadikgang jo bo dirisanang mmogo, le Wikiversity, lenaneo la go tlhama didirisiwa tsa go ithuta tsa mahala le go tlamela ka ditiro tsa go ithuta ka inthanete. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Wikiversity)) |author-link=v:Special:History/Wikiversity:History of Wikiversity |title=Wikiversity:History of Wikiversity |url=https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:History_of_Wikiversity |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724204635/https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:History_of_Wikiversity |archive-date=July 24, 2015 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Wikiversity |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Lenaneo le lengwe la Wikipedia, Wikispecies, le nankolola mefuta ya ditshedi tsotlhe, mme ga e a bulegela go ka tlaletswa ke setšhaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=February 18, 2005 |title=NET News: Calling All Taxonomists |journal=Science |volume=307 |issue=5712 |page=1021 |doi=10.1126/science.307.5712.1021a |s2cid=220095354 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ka 2012, Wikivoyage, e leng kaedi ya mesepele e e ka tlaleletswang, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Luyt |first=Brendan |date=January 1, 2020 |title=A new kind of travel guide or more of the same? Wikivoyage and Cambodia |journal=Online Information Review |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=356–371 |doi=10.1108/OIR-03-2020-0104}}</ref> le Wikidata, e leng motheo wa kitso o o ka tlaleletswang le one, di ne tsa simololwa. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Matthew |date=March 30, 2012 |title=The Wikipedia data revolution |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2012/03/30/the-wikipedia-data-revolution/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114634/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2012/03/30/the-wikipedia-data-revolution/ |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Diff |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> === Diphitlhelelo === [[File:List_of_Wikipedia_articles_by_language_-_March_2024.svg|thumb|[[Cartogram]] showing number of articles in the top 88 Wikipedias ({{as of|2024|3|lc=y|post=).}} The size of the circles for Wikipedias that have less than a million articles is fixed and not proportional to the size of the Wikipedia. The smallest Wikipedia that made the cutoff is the [[Haitian Creole]] Wikipedia with 69K articles.{{efn|As of April 2026, the [[Haitian Creole]] Wikipedia, with 72K articles, is in 91st place when ranked by number of articles.}}<br /> The languages are roughly grouped by region: <br />{{hlist|{{legend0|#4C0099|[[Northern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CC0000|[[Southern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CCCC00|[[Eastern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CC6600|[[Middle East]]}}|{{legend0|#4C9900|[[East Asia]]}}|{{legend0|#00CDFF|[[Indian subcontinent]]}}|{{legend0|#660000|[[Sub-Saharan Africa]]}}|{{legend0|#808080|[[Central Asia]]}}|{{legend0|#6600CC|[[Caribbean]]}}}} ]] Ka Firikgong 2007, Wikipedia e ne ya nna nngwe ya diwebosaete tse di lesome tse di tumileng thata kwa Amerika, go ya ka Comscore Networks. <ref name="Comscore-2007">{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2007 |title=New Year's Resolutions Reflected in January U.S. Web Traffic |url=https://ir.comscore.com/static-files/45b068e1-1cee-412a-b48f-21ec34e7b59d |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819190445/https://ir.comscore.com/static-files/45b068e1-1cee-412a-b48f-21ec34e7b59d |archive-date=August 19, 2021 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[Comscore]] |page=3 |format=PDF}}</ref> Ka badirisi ba yone ba ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le masome a mane le bobedi le dikete di le makgolo a le boferabongwe (42.9), e ne ya nna mo maemong a boferabongwe, e feta ''The New York Times'' (maemo a lesome) le Apple (maemo a lesome le bongwe). <ref name="Comscore-2007" /> Se se ne sa tshwaya koketsego e e bonalang go feta Firikgong 2006, fa Wikipedia e ne e le mo maemong a bomasome a le mararo le boraro, ka badirisi ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le lesome le boferabobedi le dikete di le makgolo a le mararo ka (18.3 million). Ka 2014, e ne ya amogela dipono tsa ditsebe di le didikadike di le dikete tse di boferabobedi (8 billion) kgwedi le kgwedi. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report&nbsp;– Wikipedia Page Views Per Country |url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm |archive-date=October 20, 2011 |access-date=March 8, 2015 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Ka Tlhakole a le malatsi ae boferabongwe, 2014, ''The New York Times'' e ne ya bega gore Wikipedia e ne e na le &nbsp;dipono tsa ditsebe di le dikadikadike di le dikete tse dilesome le boferabobedi (18 billion) le badirisi ba ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le makgolo a le matlhano (500 million) ka kgwedi, "go ya ka ditekanyetso tsa comScore". <ref name="small screen">{{Cite news|last=Cohen|first=Noam|author-link=Noam Cohen|date=February 9, 2014|title=Wikipedia vs. the Small Screen|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/10/technology/wikipedia-vs-the-small-screen.html?_r=0|access-date=January 22, 2023}}</ref> Go ema ka Mopitlo 2023, e ne le mo maemong a borataro ka go tuma go ya kaSimilarweb.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Similarweb |title=Top Websites Ranking – Most Visited Websites In The World |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210041116/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |archive-date=February 10, 2022 |access-date=March 4, 2023 |website=[[Similarweb]]}}</ref> Jeff Loveland le Joseph Reagle ba nganga gore, mo tsamaisong, Wikipedia e latela mokgwa wa tsela e e telele wa diensaetlolopedia tsa ditso tse di kokoantseng ditokafatso ka bonya ka bonya ka " go kokoanya ga stigmergy ". <ref name="sagepub WP and encyclopedic production 1">{{Cite journal |last=Loveland |first=Jeff |last2=Reagle |first2=Joseph |date=January 15, 2013 |title=Wikipedia and encyclopedic production |journal=New Media & Society |volume=15 |issue=8 |page=1294 |doi=10.1177/1461444812470428 |issn=1461-4448 |s2cid=27886998}}</ref> <ref name="theatlantic WP actually a reversion 1">{{Cite web |last=Rosen |first=Rebecca J. |date=January 30, 2013 |title=What If the Great Wikipedia 'Revolution' Was Actually a Reversion? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/what-if-the-great-wikipedia-revolution-was-actually-a-reversion/272697 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229051117/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/what-if-the-great-wikipedia-revolution-was-actually-a-reversion/272697/ |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |access-date=February 9, 2013 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome le boferabobedi, ngwaga wa 2012, Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne ya nna le seabe mo motseletseleng wa ditshupetso tse di rulagantsweng kgatlhanong le melao e mebedi e e neng e tshitshintswe kwa Lekgotlaneng la United States — Molao wa go Emisa go Utswa bodiratsi/dikwalo mo mafaratlhatlheng (SOPA) le Molao wa PROTECT IP (PIPA)—ka go fifatsa ditsebe tsa yone dioura di le masome a mabedi le bone . <ref name="LA Times Jan 19">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia: SOPA protest led eight million to look up reps in Congress|url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2012/01/wikipedia-sopa-blackout-congressional-representatives.html|access-date=March 6, 2012}}</ref> Batho ba feta didikadike di le lekgolo le le lengwe le masome a mabedi ba bone tsebe e e neng e tlhalosa go fifafatsa moo e e neng e tsere maemo a diteng tsa ensaetlolopedia nakwana e e seng ya sennela ruri. <ref name="BBC WP blackout protest 1">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia joins blackout protest at US anti-piracy moves|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-16590585|access-date=January 19, 2012}}</ref> <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=SOPA/Blackoutpage |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/SOPA/Blackoutpage |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622185443/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/SOPA/Blackoutpage |archive-date=June 22, 2018 |access-date=January 19, 2012 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Ka Firikgong 2013, 274301 Wikipedia, e leng asteroid, e ne ya bidiwa ka Wikipedia; <ref>{{Cite news|last=Workman|first=Robert|date=January 5, 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|work=[[Space.com]]|url=https://www.space.com/19643-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> ka Phalane 2014, Wikipedia e ne ya tlotlomatswa ka ''Sefikantswe sa Wikipedia'' ; <ref>{{Cite news|last=Katz|first=Leslie|date=October 27, 2014|title=A Wikipedia monument? It's true (we're pretty sure)|work=[[CNET]]|url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/a-wikipedia-monument-its-true-were-pretty-sure/|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> mme, ka Phukwi 2015, ditshutiso tsa Wikipedia di le lekgolo le le lengwe le borataro (106) mo go tse di dikete di le bosupa le makgolo a le mane le masome a le bosupa le boraro (7 473) tse di nang le ditsebe di le makgolo a le masupa 700 di ne tsa nna teng e le Wikipedia e e Gatisitsweng . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sawers |first=Paul |date=June 18, 2015 |title=You can soon buy a 7,471-volume printed version of Wikipedia for $500,000 |url=https://venturebeat.com/business/you-can-soon-buy-a-7471-volume-printed-version-of-wikipedia-for-500000/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017154940/https://venturebeat.com/business/you-can-soon-buy-a-7471-volume-printed-version-of-wikipedia-for-500000/ |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |access-date=January 24, 2023 |website=VentureBeat}}</ref> Ka Moranang 2019, sefofane sa Iseraele se se fologang mo ngweding, Beresheet, se ne sa wela mo godimo ga [[Ngwedi]] se tshotse dikhophi tsa dikwalo tsa Wikipedia ya sekgoa tsotlhe di gateletswe mo dipoleiting tse ditshesane tsa nikele; baitseanape ba re go ka direga gore dipoleiti tse di ne tsa seka tsa amega fa tiragalo e ya go wa ga sefofane e diragala. <ref name="WRD-20190805">{{Cite news|last=Oberhaus|first=Daniel|date=August 5, 2019|title=A Crashed Israeli Lunar Lander Spilled Tardigrades On The Moon|work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|url=https://www.wired.com/story/a-crashed-israeli-lunar-lander-spilled-tardigrades-on-the-moon/|access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="VOX-20190806">{{Cite news|last=Resnick|first=Brian|title=Tardigrades, the toughest animals on Earth, have crash-landed on the moon&nbsp;– The tardigrade conquest of the solar system has begun.|url=https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/8/6/20756844/tardigrade-moon-beresheet-arch-mission|date=August 6, 2019|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> Ka Seetebosigo 2019, baitseanape ba maranyane ba ne ba bega gore 16 GB otlhe wa dikwalo tse di tswang mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa o tsentswe mo DNA ya maitirelo . <ref name="CNET-20190629">{{Cite news|last=Shankland|first=Stephen|date=June 29, 2019|title=Startup packs all 16&nbsp;GB of Wikipedia onto DNA strands to demonstrate new storage tech&nbsp;– Biological molecules will last a lot longer than the latest computer storage technology, Catalog believes.|work=[[CNET]]|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/startup-packs-all-16gb-wikipedia-onto-dna-strands-demonstrate-new-storage-tech/|access-date=August 15, 2023}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le lesome le boferabobedi, 2023, Wikipedia e ne ya simolodisa webosaete e ntšha e e baakantsweng , e e bidiwang " Vector 2022 ". <ref name="Pearl-2023">{{Cite web |last=Pearl |first=Mike |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Yes, Wikipedia looks weird. Don't freak out. |url=https://mashable.com/article/new-wikipedia-redesign |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120012235/https://mashable.com/article/new-wikipedia-redesign |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[Mashable]]}}</ref> <ref name="Tech Desk-2023">{{Cite web |last=Tech Desk |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Wikipedia gets a facelift after 10 years: A look at new interface and features |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/wikipedia-gets-a-facelift-after-10-years-a-look-at-new-interface-and-features/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119054103/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/wikipedia-gets-a-facelift-after-10-years-a-look-at-new-interface-and-features/ |archive-date=January 19, 2023 |access-date=January 22, 2023 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> E ne e na le tsebe ya lenaneo e e tlhamilweng sesha, e sutisetsa tafole ya diteng kafa molemeng go e dira baara e e kafa thoko, le diphetogo di le dintsi fa go tobediwang teng go tlhopha tse o batlang go di dirisa jaaka sedirisiwa sa go tlhopha puo. <ref name="Tech Desk-2023" /> <ref group="W">{{Cite news|date=January 18, 2023|title=Wikipedia Gets a Fresh New Look: First Desktop Update in a Decade Puts Usability at the Forefront|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-a-fresh-new-look-first-desktop-update-in-a-decade-puts-usability-at-the-forefront/|access-date=January 22, 2023}}</ref> Ntšhafatso e e ne ya amogela tsibogo e e sa siamang kwa tshimologong, segolobogolo fa bakwadi botlhe ba Wikipedia ya Seswahili ba ne ba tlhopha go busetsa diphetogo morago. <ref name="Pearl-2023" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rauwerda |first=Annie |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Wikipedia's Redesign Is Barely Noticeable. That's the Point. |url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120005241/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Slate Magazine}}</ref> Bobedi jo, Sanger le Wales ba ne tsenelela dipotsolotso tse di phatlalatsa kwa bokhutlong jwa 2025 ka ga dikakanyo tsa bone ka ga maemo le seemo sa Wikipedia, go fitlha go felela fa dingwageng tsa one tse di masome a mabedi le botlhano e ntse e le mo tirisong ka Firikgong a le lesome le botlhano, ngwaga wa 2026; Wales o ne a tlhagelela mo thulaganyong ya dikgang tsa PBS mo lenaneong la GZERO World e e neng e botsolodiwa ke Ian Bremmer mme Sanger o ne a tlhagelela mo Dikgannyeng tsa Fox, e e neng e botsolodiwa ke Ashley Rindsberg . Buka ya ga Wales ya ''Melao e e Supa ya go Ikanyega'' e ne ya gatisiwa ke Penguin Random House ka Phalane 2025 . E ne ya tlhalosiwa ke mogatisi jaaka "kakanyo e e tseneletseng ka ga mathata a lefatshe a go ikanyega le kitso" e le buka e e kanokang "melao ya go tshepana" e e letleletseng kgolo le katlego ya Wikipedia. <ref name="Penguin">{{Cite web |title=The Seven Rules of Trust |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/734278/the-seven-rules-of-trust-by-jimmy-wales-with-dan-gardner/ |access-date=22 October 2025 |website=[[Penguin Random House]] |language=en}}</ref> === Ditlamorago tsa maranyane a botlhale jwa maiterelo (generative AI ) mo dipalong tsa dipono tsa ditsebe tsa Wikipedia === Fa e sa le ka Firikgong 2024, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o begile koketsego ya sephatlo mo lekgolong ya tiriso tsa dibandwith go tswa mo go bapaleng diteng tsa bobegakgang mo mananeong a one otlhe. Go ya ka mokgatlho yo, kgolo e e amana le mananeo a a iperekisang ka boone, kgotsa di-bot tsa " scraper ", tse di kokoanyang ditshutiso tsa kitso mo ditsebeng tsa Wikimedia gore di dirisiwe mo go katiseng didirisiwa tse ditona tsa puo le ditiro tse di amanang le tsone. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weaver |first=Tanya |date=2025-04-04 |title=AI scraper bots putting costly strain on Wikimedia infrastructure |url=https://eandt.theiet.org/2025/04/04/ai-scraper-bots-are-putting-costly-strain-wikimedias-infrastructure |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=eandt.theiet.org}}</ref> Ka Phalane 2025, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o ne wa bega palo kakanyetso e le boferabobedi mo lekgolong ya phokotsego ya pharakano fa go bapisiwa le kgwedi e e tshwanang ka 2024 mo diponong tse di dirilweng ke batho. Ba bua gore se se bontsha tiriso ya Maranyane a botlhale jwa maitirelo le metswedi ya dikgang di sedimosa ka fa batho ba ratang go batla kitso/dikgang ka teng. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ha |first=Anthony |date=2025-10-18 |title=Wikipedia says traffic is falling due to AI search summaries and social video |url=https://techcrunch.com/2025/10/18/wikipedia-says-traffic-is-falling-due-to-ai-search-summaries-and-social-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251221202413/https://techcrunch.com/2025/10/18/wikipedia-says-traffic-is-falling-due-to-ai-search-summaries-and-social-video/ |archive-date=December 21, 2025 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=TechCrunch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Marshall |date=2025-10-17 |title=New User Trends on Wikipedia |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/ |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=Diff}}</ref> <references /> rtn9n4hkrasp3h4sj5mp10noygji7mb Module:Wd 828 7208 52311 26662 2026-07-10T11:57:54Z Uzume 1031 Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q24733825|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer| #Synchronizer]] 52311 Scribunto text/plain -- Original module located at [[:en:Module:Wd]] and [[:en:Module:Wd/i18n]]. require("strict") local p = {} local module_arg = ... local i18n local i18nPath local function loadI18n(aliasesP, frame) local title if frame then -- current module invoked by page/template, get its title from frame title = frame:getTitle() else -- current module included by other module, get its title from ... title = module_arg end if not i18n then i18nPath = title .. "/i18n" i18n = require(i18nPath).init(aliasesP) end end p.claimCommands = { property = "property", properties = "properties", qualifier = "qualifier", qualifiers = "qualifiers", reference = "reference", references = "references" } p.generalCommands = { label = "label", title = "title", description = "description", alias = "alias", aliases = "aliases", badge = "badge", badges = "badges" } p.flags = { linked = "linked", short = "short", raw = "raw", multilanguage = "multilanguage", unit = "unit", ------------- preferred = "preferred", normal = "normal", deprecated = "deprecated", best = "best", future = "future", current = "current", former = "former", edit = "edit", editAtEnd = "edit@end", mdy = "mdy", single = "single", sourced = "sourced" } p.args = { eid = "eid", page = "page", date = "date", globalSiteId = "globalSiteId" } local aliasesP = { coord = "P625", ----------------------- image = "P18", author = "P50", authorNameString = "P2093", publisher = "P123", importedFrom = "P143", wikimediaImportURL = "P4656", statedIn = "P248", pages = "P304", language = "P407", hasPart = "P527", publicationDate = "P577", startTime = "P580", endTime = "P582", chapter = "P792", retrieved = "P813", referenceURL = "P854", sectionVerseOrParagraph = "P958", archiveURL = "P1065", title = "P1476", formatterURL = "P1630", quote = "P1683", shortName = "P1813", definingFormula = "P2534", archiveDate = "P2960", inferredFrom = "P3452", typeOfReference = "P3865", column = "P3903", subjectNamedAs = "P1810", wikidataProperty = "P1687", publishedIn = "P1433", lastUpdate = "P5017" } local aliasesQ = { percentage = "Q11229", prolepticJulianCalendar = "Q1985786", citeWeb = "Q5637226", citeQ = "Q22321052" } local parameters = { property = "%p", qualifier = "%q", reference = "%r", alias = "%a", badge = "%b", separator = "%s", general = "%x" } local formats = { property = "%p[%s][%r]", qualifier = "%q[%s][%r]", reference = "%r", propertyWithQualifier = "%p[ <span style=\"font-size:85\\%\">(%q)</span>][%s][%r]", alias = "%a[%s]", badge = "%b[%s]" } local hookNames = { -- {level_1, level_2} [parameters.property] = {"getProperty"}, [parameters.reference] = {"getReferences", "getReference"}, [parameters.qualifier] = {"getAllQualifiers"}, [parameters.qualifier.."\\d"] = {"getQualifiers", "getQualifier"}, [parameters.alias] = {"getAlias"}, [parameters.badge] = {"getBadge"} } -- default value objects, should NOT be mutated but instead copied local defaultSeparators = { ["sep"] = {" "}, ["sep%s"] = {","}, ["sep%q"] = {"; "}, ["sep%q\\d"] = {", "}, ["sep%r"] = nil, -- none ["punc"] = nil -- none } local rankTable = { ["preferred"] = 1, ["normal"] = 2, ["deprecated"] = 3 } local function replaceAlias(id) if aliasesP[id] then id = aliasesP[id] end return id end local function errorText(code, ...) local text = i18n["errors"][code] if arg then text = mw.ustring.format(text, unpack(arg)) end return text end local function throwError(errorMessage, ...) error(errorText(errorMessage, unpack(arg))) end local function replaceDecimalMark(num) return mw.ustring.gsub(num, "[.]", i18n['numeric']['decimal-mark'], 1) end local function padZeros(num, numDigits) local numZeros local negative = false if num < 0 then negative = true num = num * -1 end num = tostring(num) numZeros = numDigits - num:len() for _ = 1, numZeros do num = "0"..num end if negative then num = "-"..num end return num end local function replaceSpecialChar(chr) if chr == '_' then -- replace underscores with spaces return ' ' else return chr end end local function replaceSpecialChars(str) local chr local esc = false local strOut = "" for i = 1, #str do chr = str:sub(i,i) if not esc then if chr == '\\' then esc = true else strOut = strOut .. replaceSpecialChar(chr) end else strOut = strOut .. chr esc = false end end return strOut end local function buildWikilink(target, label) if not label or target == label then return "[[" .. target .. "]]" else return "[[" .. target .. "|" .. label .. "]]" end end -- used to make frame.args mutable, to replace #frame.args (which is always 0) -- with the actual amount and to simply copy tables local function copyTable(tIn) if not tIn then return nil end local tOut = {} for i, v in pairs(tIn) do tOut[i] = v end return tOut end -- used to merge output arrays together; -- note that it currently mutates the first input array local function mergeArrays(a1, a2) for i = 1, #a2 do a1[#a1 + 1] = a2[i] end return a1 end local function split(str, del) local out = {} local i, j = str:find(del) if i and j then out[1] = str:sub(1, i - 1) out[2] = str:sub(j + 1) else out[1] = str end return out end local function parseWikidataURL(url) local id if url:match('^http[s]?://') then id = split(url, "Q") if id[2] then return "Q" .. id[2] end end return nil end local function parseDate(dateStr, precision) precision = precision or "d" local i, j, index, ptr local parts = {nil, nil, nil} if dateStr == nil then return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end -- 'T' for snak values, '/' for outputs with '/Julian' attached i, j = dateStr:find("[T/]") if i then dateStr = dateStr:sub(1, i-1) end local from = 1 if dateStr:sub(1,1) == "-" then -- this is a negative number, look further ahead from = 2 end index = 1 ptr = 1 i, j = dateStr:find("-", from) if i then -- year parts[index] = tonumber(dateStr:sub(ptr, i-1), 10) -- explicitly give base 10 to prevent error if parts[index] == -0 then parts[index] = tonumber("0") -- for some reason, 'parts[index] = 0' may actually store '-0', so parse from string instead end if precision == "y" then -- we're done return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end index = index + 1 ptr = i + 1 i, j = dateStr:find("-", ptr) if i then -- month parts[index] = tonumber(dateStr:sub(ptr, i-1), 10) if precision == "m" then -- we're done return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end index = index + 1 ptr = i + 1 end end if dateStr:sub(ptr) ~= "" then -- day if we have month, month if we have year, or year parts[index] = tonumber(dateStr:sub(ptr), 10) end return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end local function datePrecedesDate(aY, aM, aD, bY, bM, bD) if aY == nil or bY == nil then return nil end aM = aM or 1 aD = aD or 1 bM = bM or 1 bD = bD or 1 if aY < bY then return true end if aY > bY then return false end if aM < bM then return true end if aM > bM then return false end if aD < bD then return true end return false end local function getHookName(param, index) if hookNames[param] then return hookNames[param][index] elseif param:len() > 2 then return hookNames[param:sub(1, 2).."\\d"][index] else return nil end end local function alwaysTrue() return true end -- The following function parses a format string. -- -- The example below shows how a parsed string is structured in memory. -- Variables other than 'str' and 'child' are left out for clarity's sake. -- -- Example: -- "A %p B [%s[%q1]] C [%r] D" -- -- Structure: -- [ -- { -- str = "A " -- }, -- { -- str = "%p" -- }, -- { -- str = " B ", -- child = -- [ -- { -- str = "%s", -- child = -- [ -- { -- str = "%q1" -- } -- ] -- } -- ] -- }, -- { -- str = " C ", -- child = -- [ -- { -- str = "%r" -- } -- ] -- }, -- { -- str = " D" -- } -- ] -- local function parseFormat(str) local chr, esc, param, root, cur, prev, new local params = {} local function newObject(array) local obj = {} -- new object obj.str = "" array[#array + 1] = obj -- array{object} obj.parent = array return obj end local function endParam() if param > 0 then if cur.str ~= "" then cur.str = "%"..cur.str cur.param = true params[cur.str] = true cur.parent.req[cur.str] = true prev = cur cur = newObject(cur.parent) end param = 0 end end root = {} -- array root.req = {} cur = newObject(root) prev = nil esc = false param = 0 for i = 1, #str do chr = str:sub(i,i) if not esc then if chr == '\\' then endParam() esc = true elseif chr == '%' then endParam() if cur.str ~= "" then cur = newObject(cur.parent) end param = 2 elseif chr == '[' then endParam() if prev and cur.str == "" then table.remove(cur.parent) cur = prev end cur.child = {} -- new array cur.child.req = {} cur.child.parent = cur cur = newObject(cur.child) elseif chr == ']' then endParam() if cur.parent.parent then new = newObject(cur.parent.parent.parent) if cur.str == "" then table.remove(cur.parent) end cur = new end else if param > 1 then param = param - 1 elseif param == 1 then if not chr:match('%d') then endParam() end end cur.str = cur.str .. replaceSpecialChar(chr) end else cur.str = cur.str .. chr esc = false end prev = nil end endParam() -- make sure that at least one required parameter has been defined if not next(root.req) then throwError("missing-required-parameter") end -- make sure that the separator parameter "%s" is not amongst the required parameters if root.req[parameters.separator] then throwError("extra-required-parameter", parameters.separator) end return root, params end local function sortOnRank(claims) local rankPos local ranks = {{}, {}, {}, {}} -- preferred, normal, deprecated, (default) local sorted = {} for _, v in ipairs(claims) do rankPos = rankTable[v.rank] or 4 ranks[rankPos][#ranks[rankPos] + 1] = v end sorted = ranks[1] sorted = mergeArrays(sorted, ranks[2]) sorted = mergeArrays(sorted, ranks[3]) return sorted end local function isValueInTable(searchedItem, inputTable) for _, item in pairs(inputTable) do if item == searchedItem then return true end end return false end local Config = {} -- allows for recursive calls function Config:new() local cfg = {} setmetatable(cfg, self) self.__index = self cfg.separators = { -- single value objects wrapped in arrays so that we can pass by reference ["sep"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep"])}, ["sep%s"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%s"])}, ["sep%q"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%q"])}, ["sep%r"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%r"])}, ["punc"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["punc"])} } cfg.entity = nil cfg.entityID = nil cfg.propertyID = nil cfg.propertyValue = nil cfg.qualifierIDs = {} cfg.qualifierIDsAndValues = {} cfg.bestRank = true cfg.ranks = {true, true, false} -- preferred = true, normal = true, deprecated = false cfg.foundRank = #cfg.ranks cfg.flagBest = false cfg.flagRank = false cfg.periods = {true, true, true} -- future = true, current = true, former = true cfg.flagPeriod = false cfg.atDate = {parseDate(os.date('!%Y-%m-%d'))} -- today as {year, month, day} cfg.mdyDate = false cfg.singleClaim = false cfg.sourcedOnly = false cfg.editable = false cfg.editAtEnd = false cfg.inSitelinks = false cfg.langCode = mw.language.getContentLanguage().code cfg.langName = mw.language.fetchLanguageName(cfg.langCode, cfg.langCode) cfg.langObj = mw.language.new(cfg.langCode) cfg.siteID = mw.wikibase.getGlobalSiteId() cfg.states = {} cfg.states.qualifiersCount = 0 cfg.curState = nil cfg.prefetchedRefs = nil return cfg end local State = {} function State:new(cfg, type) local stt = {} setmetatable(stt, self) self.__index = self stt.conf = cfg stt.type = type stt.results = {} stt.parsedFormat = {} stt.separator = {} stt.movSeparator = {} stt.puncMark = {} stt.linked = false stt.rawValue = false stt.shortName = false stt.anyLanguage = false stt.unitOnly = false stt.singleValue = false return stt end -- if id == nil then item connected to current page is used function Config:getLabel(id, raw, link, short) local label = nil local prefix, title= "", nil if not id then id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() if not id then return "" end end id = id:upper() -- just to be sure if raw then -- check if given id actually exists if mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) and mw.wikibase.entityExists(id) then label = id end prefix, title = "d:Special:EntityPage/", label -- may be nil else -- try short name first if requested if short then label = p._property{aliasesP.shortName, [p.args.eid] = id} -- get short name if label == "" then label = nil end end -- get label if not label then label = mw.wikibase.getLabel(id) end end if not label then label = "" elseif link then -- build a link if requested if not title then if id:sub(1,1) == "Q" then title = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(id) elseif id:sub(1,1) == "P" then -- properties have no sitelink, link to Wikidata instead prefix, title = "d:Special:EntityPage/", id end end label = mw.text.nowiki(label) -- escape raw label text so it cannot be wikitext markup if title then label = buildWikilink(prefix .. title, label) end end return label end function Config:getEditIcon() local value = "" local prefix = "" local front = "&nbsp;" local back = "" if self.entityID:sub(1,1) == "P" then prefix = "Property:" end if self.editAtEnd then front = '<span style="float:' if self.langObj:isRTL() then front = front .. 'left' else front = front .. 'right' end front = front .. '">' back = '</span>' end value = "[[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg|frameless|text-top|10px|alt=" .. i18n['info']['edit-on-wikidata'] .. "|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" .. prefix .. self.entityID .. "?uselang=" .. self.langCode if self.propertyID then value = value .. "#" .. self.propertyID elseif self.inSitelinks then value = value .. "#sitelinks-wikipedia" end value = value .. "|" .. i18n['info']['edit-on-wikidata'] .. "]]" return front .. value .. back end -- used to create the final output string when it's all done, so that for references the -- function extensionTag("ref", ...) is only called when they really ended up in the final output function Config:concatValues(valuesArray) local outString = "" local j, skip for i = 1, #valuesArray do -- check if this is a reference if valuesArray[i].refHash then j = i - 1 skip = false -- skip this reference if it is part of a continuous row of references that already contains the exact same reference while valuesArray[j] and valuesArray[j].refHash do if valuesArray[i].refHash == valuesArray[j].refHash then skip = true break end j = j - 1 end if not skip then -- add <ref> tag with the reference's hash as its name (to deduplicate references) outString = outString .. mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag("ref", valuesArray[i][1], {name = valuesArray[i].refHash}) end else outString = outString .. valuesArray[i][1] end end return outString end function Config:convertUnit(unit, raw, link, short, unitOnly) local space = " " local label = "" local itemID if unit == "" or unit == "1" then return nil end if unitOnly then space = "" end itemID = parseWikidataURL(unit) if itemID then if itemID == aliasesQ.percentage then return "%" else label = self:getLabel(itemID, raw, link, short) if label ~= "" then return space .. label end end end return "" end function State:getValue(snak) return self.conf:getValue(snak, self.rawValue, self.linked, self.shortName, self.anyLanguage, self.unitOnly, false, self.type:sub(1,2)) end function Config:getValue(snak, raw, link, short, anyLang, unitOnly, noSpecial, type) if snak.snaktype == 'value' then local datatype = snak.datavalue.type local subtype = snak.datatype local datavalue = snak.datavalue.value if datatype == 'string' then if subtype == 'url' and link then -- create link explicitly if raw then -- will render as a linked number like [1] return "[" .. datavalue .. "]" else return "[" .. datavalue .. " " .. datavalue .. "]" end elseif subtype == 'commonsMedia' then if link then return buildWikilink("c:File:" .. datavalue, datavalue) elseif not raw then return "[[File:" .. datavalue .. "]]" else return datavalue end elseif subtype == 'geo-shape' and link then return buildWikilink("c:" .. datavalue, datavalue) elseif subtype == 'math' and not raw then local attribute = nil if (type == parameters.property or (type == parameters.qualifier and self.propertyID == aliasesP.hasPart)) and snak.property == aliasesP.definingFormula then attribute = {qid = self.entityID} end return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag("math", datavalue, attribute) elseif subtype == 'external-id' and link then local url = p._property{aliasesP.formatterURL, [p.args.eid] = snak.property} -- get formatter URL if url ~= "" then url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, "$1", datavalue) return "[" .. url .. " " .. datavalue .. "]" else return datavalue end else return datavalue end elseif datatype == 'monolingualtext' then if anyLang or datavalue['language'] == self.langCode then return datavalue['text'] else return nil end elseif datatype == 'quantity' then local value = "" local unit if not unitOnly then -- get value and strip + signs from front value = mw.ustring.gsub(datavalue['amount'], "^%+(.+)$", "%1") if raw then return value end -- replace decimal mark based on locale value = replaceDecimalMark(value) -- add delimiters for readability value = i18n.addDelimiters(value) end unit = self:convertUnit(datavalue['unit'], raw, link, short, unitOnly) if unit then value = value .. unit end return value elseif datatype == 'time' then local y, m, d, p, yDiv, yRound, yFull, value, calendarID, dateStr local yFactor = 1 local sign = 1 local prefix = "" local suffix = "" local mayAddCalendar = false local calendar = "" local precision = datavalue['precision'] if precision == 11 then p = "d" elseif precision == 10 then p = "m" else p = "y" yFactor = 10^(9-precision) end y, m, d = parseDate(datavalue['time'], p) if y < 0 then sign = -1 y = y * sign end -- if precision is tens/hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of years if precision <= 8 then yDiv = y / yFactor -- if precision is tens/hundreds/thousands of years if precision >= 6 then mayAddCalendar = true if precision <= 7 then -- round centuries/millenniums up (e.g. 20th century or 3rd millennium) yRound = math.ceil(yDiv) if not raw then if precision == 6 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['millennium'] else suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['century'] end suffix = i18n.getOrdinalSuffix(yRound) .. suffix else -- if not verbose, take the first year of the century/millennium -- (e.g. 1901 for 20th century or 2001 for 3rd millennium) yRound = (yRound - 1) * yFactor + 1 end else -- precision == 8 -- round decades down (e.g. 2010s) yRound = math.floor(yDiv) * yFactor if not raw then prefix = i18n['datetime']['prefixes']['decade-period'] suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['decade-period'] end end if raw and sign < 0 then -- if BCE then compensate for "counting backwards" -- (e.g. -2019 for 2010s BCE, -2000 for 20th century BCE or -3000 for 3rd millennium BCE) yRound = yRound + yFactor - 1 end else local yReFactor, yReDiv, yReRound -- round to nearest for tens of thousands of years or more yRound = math.floor(yDiv + 0.5) if yRound == 0 then if precision <= 2 and y ~= 0 then yReFactor = 1e6 yReDiv = y / yReFactor yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5) if yReDiv == yReRound then -- change precision to millions of years only if we have a whole number of them precision = 3 yFactor = yReFactor yRound = yReRound end end if yRound == 0 then -- otherwise, take the unrounded (original) number of years precision = 5 yFactor = 1 yRound = y mayAddCalendar = true end end if precision >= 1 and y ~= 0 then yFull = yRound * yFactor yReFactor = 1e9 yReDiv = yFull / yReFactor yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5) if yReDiv == yReRound then -- change precision to billions of years if we're in that range precision = 0 yFactor = yReFactor yRound = yReRound else yReFactor = 1e6 yReDiv = yFull / yReFactor yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5) if yReDiv == yReRound then -- change precision to millions of years if we're in that range precision = 3 yFactor = yReFactor yRound = yReRound end end end if not raw then if precision == 3 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['million-years'] elseif precision == 0 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['billion-years'] else yRound = yRound * yFactor if yRound == 1 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['year'] else suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['years'] end end else yRound = yRound * yFactor end end else yRound = y mayAddCalendar = true end if mayAddCalendar then calendarID = parseWikidataURL(datavalue['calendarmodel']) if calendarID and calendarID == aliasesQ.prolepticJulianCalendar then if not raw then if link then calendar = " ("..buildWikilink(i18n['datetime']['julian-calendar'], i18n['datetime']['julian'])..")" else calendar = " ("..i18n['datetime']['julian']..")" end else calendar = "/"..i18n['datetime']['julian'] end end end if not raw then local ce = nil if sign < 0 then ce = i18n['datetime']['BCE'] elseif precision <= 5 then ce = i18n['datetime']['CE'] end if ce then if link then ce = buildWikilink(i18n['datetime']['common-era'], ce) end suffix = suffix .. " " .. ce end value = tostring(yRound) if m then dateStr = self.langObj:formatDate("F", "1-"..m.."-1") if d then if self.mdyDate then dateStr = dateStr .. " " .. d .. "," else dateStr = d .. " " .. dateStr end end value = dateStr .. " " .. value end value = prefix .. value .. suffix .. calendar else value = padZeros(yRound * sign, 4) if m then value = value .. "-" .. padZeros(m, 2) if d then value = value .. "-" .. padZeros(d, 2) end end value = value .. calendar end return value elseif datatype == 'globecoordinate' then -- logic from https://github.com/DataValues/Geo (v4.0.1) local precision, unitsPerDegree, numDigits, strFormat, value, globe local latitude, latConv, latValue, latLink local longitude, lonConv, lonValue, lonLink local latDirection, latDirectionN, latDirectionS, latDirectionEN local lonDirection, lonDirectionE, lonDirectionW, lonDirectionEN local degSymbol, minSymbol, secSymbol, separator local latDegrees = nil local latMinutes = nil local latSeconds = nil local lonDegrees = nil local lonMinutes = nil local lonSeconds = nil local latDegSym = "" local latMinSym = "" local latSecSym = "" local lonDegSym = "" local lonMinSym = "" local lonSecSym = "" local latDirectionEN_N = "N" local latDirectionEN_S = "S" local lonDirectionEN_E = "E" local lonDirectionEN_W = "W" if not raw then latDirectionN = i18n['coord']['latitude-north'] latDirectionS = i18n['coord']['latitude-south'] lonDirectionE = i18n['coord']['longitude-east'] lonDirectionW = i18n['coord']['longitude-west'] degSymbol = i18n['coord']['degrees'] minSymbol = i18n['coord']['minutes'] secSymbol = i18n['coord']['seconds'] separator = i18n['coord']['separator'] else latDirectionN = latDirectionEN_N latDirectionS = latDirectionEN_S lonDirectionE = lonDirectionEN_E lonDirectionW = lonDirectionEN_W degSymbol = "/" minSymbol = "/" secSymbol = "/" separator = "/" end latitude = datavalue['latitude'] longitude = datavalue['longitude'] if latitude < 0 then latDirection = latDirectionS latDirectionEN = latDirectionEN_S latitude = math.abs(latitude) else latDirection = latDirectionN latDirectionEN = latDirectionEN_N end if longitude < 0 then lonDirection = lonDirectionW lonDirectionEN = lonDirectionEN_W longitude = math.abs(longitude) else lonDirection = lonDirectionE lonDirectionEN = lonDirectionEN_E end precision = datavalue['precision'] if not precision or precision <= 0 then precision = 1 / 3600 -- precision not set (correctly), set to arcsecond end -- remove insignificant detail latitude = math.floor(latitude / precision + 0.5) * precision longitude = math.floor(longitude / precision + 0.5) * precision if precision >= 1 - (1 / 60) and precision < 1 then precision = 1 elseif precision >= (1 / 60) - (1 / 3600) and precision < (1 / 60) then precision = 1 / 60 end if precision >= 1 then unitsPerDegree = 1 elseif precision >= (1 / 60) then unitsPerDegree = 60 else unitsPerDegree = 3600 end numDigits = math.ceil(-math.log10(unitsPerDegree * precision)) if numDigits <= 0 then numDigits = tonumber("0") -- for some reason, 'numDigits = 0' may actually store '-0', so parse from string instead end strFormat = "%." .. numDigits .. "f" if precision >= 1 then latDegrees = strFormat:format(latitude) lonDegrees = strFormat:format(longitude) if not raw then latDegSym = replaceDecimalMark(latDegrees) .. degSymbol lonDegSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonDegrees) .. degSymbol else latDegSym = latDegrees .. degSymbol lonDegSym = lonDegrees .. degSymbol end else latConv = math.floor(latitude * unitsPerDegree * 10^numDigits + 0.5) / 10^numDigits lonConv = math.floor(longitude * unitsPerDegree * 10^numDigits + 0.5) / 10^numDigits if precision >= (1 / 60) then latMinutes = latConv lonMinutes = lonConv else latSeconds = latConv lonSeconds = lonConv latMinutes = math.floor(latSeconds / 60) lonMinutes = math.floor(lonSeconds / 60) latSeconds = strFormat:format(latSeconds - (latMinutes * 60)) lonSeconds = strFormat:format(lonSeconds - (lonMinutes * 60)) if not raw then latSecSym = replaceDecimalMark(latSeconds) .. secSymbol lonSecSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonSeconds) .. secSymbol else latSecSym = latSeconds .. secSymbol lonSecSym = lonSeconds .. secSymbol end end latDegrees = math.floor(latMinutes / 60) lonDegrees = math.floor(lonMinutes / 60) latDegSym = latDegrees .. degSymbol lonDegSym = lonDegrees .. degSymbol latMinutes = latMinutes - (latDegrees * 60) lonMinutes = lonMinutes - (lonDegrees * 60) if precision >= (1 / 60) then latMinutes = strFormat:format(latMinutes) lonMinutes = strFormat:format(lonMinutes) if not raw then latMinSym = replaceDecimalMark(latMinutes) .. minSymbol lonMinSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonMinutes) .. minSymbol else latMinSym = latMinutes .. minSymbol lonMinSym = lonMinutes .. minSymbol end else latMinSym = latMinutes .. minSymbol lonMinSym = lonMinutes .. minSymbol end end latValue = latDegSym .. latMinSym .. latSecSym .. latDirection lonValue = lonDegSym .. lonMinSym .. lonSecSym .. lonDirection value = latValue .. separator .. lonValue if link then globe = parseWikidataURL(datavalue['globe']) if globe then globe = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(globe, "en"):lower() else globe = "earth" end latLink = table.concat({latDegrees, latMinutes, latSeconds}, "_") lonLink = table.concat({lonDegrees, lonMinutes, lonSeconds}, "_") value = "[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language="..self.langCode.."&params="..latLink.."_"..latDirectionEN.."_"..lonLink.."_"..lonDirectionEN.."_globe:"..globe.." "..value.."]" end return value elseif datatype == 'wikibase-entityid' then local label local itemID = datavalue['numeric-id'] if subtype == 'wikibase-item' then itemID = "Q" .. itemID elseif subtype == 'wikibase-property' then itemID = "P" .. itemID else return '<strong class="error">' .. errorText('unknown-data-type', subtype) .. '</strong>' end label = self:getLabel(itemID, raw, link, short) if label == "" then label = nil end return label else return '<strong class="error">' .. errorText('unknown-data-type', datatype) .. '</strong>' end elseif snak.snaktype == 'somevalue' and not noSpecial then if raw then return " " -- single space represents 'somevalue' else return i18n['values']['unknown'] end elseif snak.snaktype == 'novalue' and not noSpecial then if raw then return "" -- empty string represents 'novalue' else return i18n['values']['none'] end else return nil end end function Config:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, qualifierID) local qualifiers if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[qualifierID] end if qualifiers and qualifiers[1] then return self:getValue(qualifiers[1], true) -- raw = true else return nil end end function Config:snakEqualsValue(snak, value) local snakValue = self:getValue(snak, true) -- raw = true if snakValue and snak.snaktype == 'value' and snak.datavalue.type == 'wikibase-entityid' then value = value:upper() end return snakValue == value end function Config:setRank(rank) local rankPos if rank == p.flags.best then self.bestRank = true self.flagBest = true -- mark that 'best' flag was given return end if rank:sub(1,9) == p.flags.preferred then rankPos = 1 elseif rank:sub(1,6) == p.flags.normal then rankPos = 2 elseif rank:sub(1,10) == p.flags.deprecated then rankPos = 3 else return end -- one of the rank flags was given, check if another one was given before if not self.flagRank then self.ranks = {false, false, false} -- no other rank flag given before, so unset ranks self.bestRank = self.flagBest -- unsets bestRank only if 'best' flag was not given before self.flagRank = true -- mark that a rank flag was given end if rank:sub(-1) == "+" then for i = rankPos, 1, -1 do self.ranks[i] = true end elseif rank:sub(-1) == "-" then for i = rankPos, #self.ranks do self.ranks[i] = true end else self.ranks[rankPos] = true end end function Config:setPeriod(period) local periodPos if period == p.flags.future then periodPos = 1 elseif period == p.flags.current then periodPos = 2 elseif period == p.flags.former then periodPos = 3 else return end -- one of the period flags was given, check if another one was given before if not self.flagPeriod then self.periods = {false, false, false} -- no other period flag given before, so unset periods self.flagPeriod = true -- mark that a period flag was given end self.periods[periodPos] = true end function Config:qualifierMatches(claim, id, value) local qualifiers if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[id] end if qualifiers then for _, v in pairs(qualifiers) do if self:snakEqualsValue(v, value) then return true end end elseif value == "" then -- if the qualifier is not present then treat it the same as the special value 'novalue' return true end return false end function Config:rankMatches(rankPos) if self.bestRank then return (self.ranks[rankPos] and self.foundRank >= rankPos) else return self.ranks[rankPos] end end function Config:timeMatches(claim) local startTime = nil local startTimeY = nil local startTimeM = nil local startTimeD = nil local endTime = nil local endTimeY = nil local endTimeM = nil local endTimeD = nil if self.periods[1] and self.periods[2] and self.periods[3] then -- any time return true end startTime = self:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, aliasesP.startTime) if startTime and startTime ~= "" and startTime ~= " " then startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD = parseDate(startTime) end endTime = self:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, aliasesP.endTime) if endTime and endTime ~= "" and endTime ~= " " then endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD = parseDate(endTime) end if startTimeY ~= nil and endTimeY ~= nil and datePrecedesDate(endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD, startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD) then -- invalidate end time if it precedes start time endTimeY = nil endTimeM = nil endTimeD = nil end if self.periods[1] then -- future if startTimeY and datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD) then return true end end if self.periods[2] then -- current if (startTimeY == nil or not datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD)) and (endTimeY == nil or datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD)) then return true end end if self.periods[3] then -- former if endTimeY and not datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD) then return true end end return false end function Config:processFlag(flag) if not flag then return false end if flag == p.flags.linked then self.curState.linked = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.raw then self.curState.rawValue = true if self.curState == self.states[parameters.reference] then -- raw reference values end with periods and require a separator (other than none) self.separators["sep%r"][1] = {" "} end return true elseif flag == p.flags.short then self.curState.shortName = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.multilanguage then self.curState.anyLanguage = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.unit then self.curState.unitOnly = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.mdy then self.mdyDate = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.single then self.singleClaim = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.sourced then self.sourcedOnly = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.edit then self.editable = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.editAtEnd then self.editable = true self.editAtEnd = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.best or flag:match('^'..p.flags.preferred..'[+-]?$') or flag:match('^'..p.flags.normal..'[+-]?$') or flag:match('^'..p.flags.deprecated..'[+-]?$') then self:setRank(flag) return true elseif flag == p.flags.future or flag == p.flags.current or flag == p.flags.former then self:setPeriod(flag) return true elseif flag == "" then -- ignore empty flags and carry on return true else return false end end function Config:processFlagOrCommand(flag) local param = "" if not flag then return false end if flag == p.claimCommands.property or flag == p.claimCommands.properties then param = parameters.property elseif flag == p.claimCommands.qualifier or flag == p.claimCommands.qualifiers then self.states.qualifiersCount = self.states.qualifiersCount + 1 param = parameters.qualifier .. self.states.qualifiersCount self.separators["sep"..param] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%q\\d"])} elseif flag == p.claimCommands.reference or flag == p.claimCommands.references then param = parameters.reference else return self:processFlag(flag) end if self.states[param] then return false end -- create a new state for each command self.states[param] = State:new(self, param) -- use "%x" as the general parameter name self.states[param].parsedFormat = parseFormat(parameters.general) -- will be overwritten for param=="%p" -- set the separator self.states[param].separator = self.separators["sep"..param] -- will be nil for param=="%p", which will be set separately if flag == p.claimCommands.property or flag == p.claimCommands.qualifier or flag == p.claimCommands.reference then self.states[param].singleValue = true end self.curState = self.states[param] return true end function Config:processSeparators(args) local sep for i, v in pairs(self.separators) do if args[i] then sep = replaceSpecialChars(args[i]) if sep ~= "" then self.separators[i][1] = {sep} else self.separators[i][1] = nil end end end end function Config:setFormatAndSeparators(state, parsedFormat) state.parsedFormat = parsedFormat state.separator = self.separators["sep"] state.movSeparator = self.separators["sep"..parameters.separator] state.puncMark = self.separators["punc"] end -- determines if a claim has references by prefetching them from the claim using getReferences, -- which applies some filtering that determines if a reference is actually returned, -- and caches the references for later use function State:isSourced(claim) self.conf.prefetchedRefs = self:getReferences(claim) return (#self.conf.prefetchedRefs > 0) end function State:resetCaches() -- any prefetched references of the previous claim must not be used self.conf.prefetchedRefs = nil end function State:claimMatches(claim) local matches, rankPos -- first of all, reset any cached values used for the previous claim self:resetCaches() -- if a property value was given, check if it matches the claim's property value if self.conf.propertyValue then matches = self.conf:snakEqualsValue(claim.mainsnak, self.conf.propertyValue) else matches = true end -- if any qualifier values were given, check if each matches one of the claim's qualifier values for i, v in pairs(self.conf.qualifierIDsAndValues) do matches = (matches and self.conf:qualifierMatches(claim, i, v)) end -- check if the claim's rank and time period match rankPos = rankTable[claim.rank] or 4 matches = (matches and self.conf:rankMatches(rankPos) and self.conf:timeMatches(claim)) -- if only claims with references must be returned, check if this one has any if self.conf.sourcedOnly then matches = (matches and self:isSourced(claim)) -- prefetches and caches references end return matches, rankPos end function State:out() local result -- collection of arrays with value objects local valuesArray -- array with value objects local sep = nil -- value object local out = {} -- array with value objects local function walk(formatTable, result) local valuesArray = {} -- array with value objects for i, v in pairs(formatTable.req) do if not result[i] or not result[i][1] then -- we've got no result for a parameter that is required on this level, -- so skip this level (and its children) by returning an empty result return {} end end for _, v in ipairs(formatTable) do if v.param then valuesArray = mergeArrays(valuesArray, result[v.str]) elseif v.str ~= "" then valuesArray[#valuesArray + 1] = {v.str} end if v.child then valuesArray = mergeArrays(valuesArray, walk(v.child, result)) end end return valuesArray end -- iterate through the results from back to front, so that we know when to add separators for i = #self.results, 1, -1 do result = self.results[i] -- if there is already some output, then add the separators if #out > 0 then sep = self.separator[1] -- fixed separator result[parameters.separator] = {self.movSeparator[1]} -- movable separator else sep = nil result[parameters.separator] = {self.puncMark[1]} -- optional punctuation mark end valuesArray = walk(self.parsedFormat, result) if #valuesArray > 0 then if sep then valuesArray[#valuesArray + 1] = sep end out = mergeArrays(valuesArray, out) end end -- reset state before next iteration self.results = {} return out end -- level 1 hook function State:getProperty(claim) local value = {self:getValue(claim.mainsnak)} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end -- level 1 hook function State:getQualifiers(claim, param) local qualifiers if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[self.conf.qualifierIDs[param]] end if qualifiers then -- iterate through claim's qualifier statements to collect their values; -- return array with multiple value objects return self.conf.states[param]:iterate(qualifiers, {[parameters.general] = hookNames[parameters.qualifier.."\\d"][2], count = 1}) -- pass qualifier state with level 2 hook else return {} -- return empty array end end -- level 2 hook function State:getQualifier(snak) local value = {self:getValue(snak)} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end -- level 1 hook function State:getAllQualifiers(claim, param, result, hooks) local out = {} -- array with value objects local sep = self.conf.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier][1] -- value object -- iterate through the output of the separate "qualifier(s)" commands for i = 1, self.conf.states.qualifiersCount do -- if a hook has not been called yet, call it now if not result[parameters.qualifier..i] then self:callHook(parameters.qualifier..i, hooks, claim, result) end -- if there is output for this particular "qualifier(s)" command, then add it if result[parameters.qualifier..i] and result[parameters.qualifier..i][1] then -- if there is already some output, then add the separator if #out > 0 and sep then out[#out + 1] = sep end out = mergeArrays(out, result[parameters.qualifier..i]) end end return out end -- level 1 hook function State:getReferences(claim) if self.conf.prefetchedRefs then -- return references that have been prefetched by isSourced return self.conf.prefetchedRefs end if claim.references then -- iterate through claim's reference statements to collect their values; -- return array with multiple value objects return self.conf.states[parameters.reference]:iterate(claim.references, {[parameters.general] = hookNames[parameters.reference][2], count = 1}) -- pass reference state with level 2 hook else return {} -- return empty array end end -- level 2 hook function State:getReference(statement) local citeParamMapping = i18n['cite']['param-mapping'] local citeConfig = i18n['cite']['config'] local citeTypes = i18n['cite']['output-types'] -- will hold rendered properties of the reference which are not directly from statement.snaks, -- Namely, is URL generated from an external ID. local additionalProcessedProperties = {} -- for each citation type, there will be an associative array that associates lists of rendered properties -- to citation-template parameters local candidateParams = {} -- like above, but only associates one rendered property to each parameter; if the above variable -- contains more strings for a parameter, the strings will be assigned to numbered params (e.g. "author1") local citeParams = {} local citeErrors = {} local referenceEmpty = true -- will be set to false if at least one parameter is left unremoved local version = 12 -- increment this each time the below logic is changed to avoid conflict errors if not statement.snaks then return {} end -- don't use bot-added references referencing Wikimedia projects or containing "inferred from" (such references are not usable on Wikipedia) if statement.snaks[aliasesP.importedFrom] or statement.snaks[aliasesP.wikimediaImportURL] or statement.snaks[aliasesP.inferredFrom] then return {} end -- don't include "type of reference" if statement.snaks[aliasesP.typeOfReference] then statement.snaks[aliasesP.typeOfReference] = nil end -- don't include "image" to prevent littering if statement.snaks[aliasesP.image] then statement.snaks[aliasesP.image] = nil end -- don't include "language" if it is equal to the local one if self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, aliasesP.language) == self.conf.langName then statement.snaks[aliasesP.language] = nil end if statement.snaks[aliasesP.statedIn] and not statement.snaks[aliasesP.referenceURL] then -- "stated in" was given but "reference URL" was not. -- get "Wikidata property" properties from the item in "stated in" -- if any of the returned properties of the external-id datatype is in statement.snaks, generate a link from it and use the link in the reference -- find the "Wikidata property" properties in the item from "stated in" local wikidataPropertiesOfSource = mw.text.split(p._properties{p.flags.raw, aliasesP.wikidataProperty, [p.args.eid] = self.conf:getValue(statement.snaks[aliasesP.statedIn][1], true, false)}, ", ", true) for i, wikidataPropertyOfSource in pairs(wikidataPropertiesOfSource) do if statement.snaks[wikidataPropertyOfSource] and statement.snaks[wikidataPropertyOfSource][1].datatype == "external-id" then local tempLink = self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, wikidataPropertyOfSource, false, true) -- not raw, linked if mw.ustring.match(tempLink, "^%[%Z- %Z+%]$") then -- getValue returned a URL in square brackets. -- the link is in wiki markup, so strip the square brackets and the display text -- gsub also returns another, discarted value, therefore the result is assigned to tempLink first tempLink = mw.ustring.gsub(tempLink, "^%[(%Z-) %Z+%]$", "%1") additionalProcessedProperties[aliasesP.referenceURL] = {tempLink} statement.snaks[wikidataPropertyOfSource] = nil break end end end end -- initialize candidateParams and citeParams for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do candidateParams[citeType] = {} citeParams[citeType] = {} end -- fill candidateParams for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do -- This will contain value--priority pairs for each param name. local candidateValuesAndPriorities = {} -- fill candidateValuesAndPriorities for refProperty in pairs(statement.snaks) do if citeErrors[citeType] then break end repeat -- just a simple wrapper to emulate "continue" -- set mappingKey and prefix local mappingKey local prefix = "" if statement.snaks[refProperty][1].datatype == 'external-id' then mappingKey = "external-id" prefix = self.conf:getLabel(refProperty) if prefix ~= "" then prefix = prefix .. " " end else mappingKey = refProperty end local paramName = citeParamMapping[citeType][mappingKey] -- skip properties with empty parameter name if paramName == "" then break -- skip this property for this value of citeType end -- handle unknown properties in the reference if not paramName then referenceEmpty = false local error_message = errorText("unknown-property-in-ref", refProperty) assert(error_message) -- Should not be nil citeErrors[citeType] = error_message break end -- set processedProperty local processedProperty local raw = false -- if the value is wanted raw if isValueInTable(paramName, citeConfig[citeType]["raw-value-params"] or {}) then raw = true end if isValueInTable(paramName, citeConfig[citeType]["numbered-params"] or {}) then -- Multiple values may be given. processedProperty = self:getReferenceDetails(statement.snaks, refProperty, raw, self.linked, true) -- anyLang = true else -- If multiple values are given, all but the first suitable one are discarted. processedProperty = {self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, refProperty, raw, self.linked and (statement.snaks[refProperty][1].datatype ~= 'url'), true)} -- link = true/false, anyLang = true end if #processedProperty == 0 then break end referenceEmpty = false -- add an empty entry to candidateValuesAndPriorities, if there isn't one already if not candidateValuesAndPriorities[paramName] then candidateValuesAndPriorities[paramName] = {} end -- find the priority of refProperty local thisPropertyPriority = -1 local thisParamPrioritization = citeConfig[citeType]["prioritization"][paramName] if thisParamPrioritization then for i_priority, i_property in ipairs(thisParamPrioritization) do if i_property == refProperty then thisPropertyPriority = i_priority end end end for _, propertyValue in pairs(processedProperty) do table.insert( candidateValuesAndPriorities[paramName], {prefix .. propertyValue, thisPropertyPriority} ) end until true end -- fill candidateParams[citeType] if not citeErrors[citeType] then local compareValuePriorities = function(pair1, pair2) if pair1[2] == -1 and pair2[2] ~= -1 then return false end if pair1[2] ~= -1 and pair2[2] == -1 then return true end return pair1[2] < pair2[2] end -- fill candidateParams[citeType][paramName] for each used param for paramName, _ in pairs(candidateValuesAndPriorities) do table.sort(candidateValuesAndPriorities[paramName], compareValuePriorities) candidateParams[citeType][paramName] = {} for _, valuePriorityPair in ipairs(candidateValuesAndPriorities[paramName]) do table.insert(candidateParams[citeType][paramName], valuePriorityPair[1]) end end end end -- handle additional properties for refProperty in pairs(additionalProcessedProperties) do for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do repeat -- skip if there already have been errors if citeErrors[citeType] then break end local paramName = citeParamMapping[citeType][refProperty] -- handle unknown properties in the reference if not paramName then -- Skip this additional property, but do not cause an error. break end if paramName == "" then break end referenceEmpty = false if not candidateParams[citeType][paramName] then candidateParams[citeType][paramName] = {} end for _, propertyValue in pairs(additionalProcessedProperties[refProperty]) do table.insert(candidateParams[citeType][paramName], propertyValue) end until true end end -- fill citeParams for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do for paramName, paramValues in pairs(candidateParams[citeType]) do if #paramValues == 1 or not isValueInTable(paramName, citeConfig[citeType]["numbered-params"] or {}) then citeParams[citeType][paramName] = paramValues[1] else -- There is more than one value for this parameter - the values will -- go into separate numbered parameters (e.g. "author1", "author2") for paramNum, paramValue in pairs(paramValues) do citeParams[citeType][paramName .. paramNum] = paramValue end end end end -- handle missing mandatory parameters for the templates for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do for _, requiredCiteParam in pairs(citeConfig[citeType]["mandatory-params"] or {}) do if not citeParams[citeType][requiredCiteParam] then -- The required param is not present. if citeErrors[citeType] then -- Do not override the previous error, if it exists. break end local error_message = errorText("missing-mandatory-param", requiredCiteParam) assert(error_message) -- Should not be nil citeErrors[citeType] = error_message end end end local citeTypeToUse = nil -- choose the output template for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do if not citeErrors[citeType] then citeTypeToUse = citeType break end end -- set refContent local refContent = "" if citeTypeToUse then local templateToUse = citeConfig[citeTypeToUse]["template"] local paramsToUse = citeParams[citeTypeToUse] if not templateToUse or templateToUse == "" then throwError("no-such-reference-template", tostring(templateToUse), i18nPath, citeTypeToUse) end -- if this module is being substituted then build a regular template call, otherwise expand the template if mw.isSubsting() then for i, v in pairs(paramsToUse) do refContent = refContent .. "|" .. i .. "=" .. v end refContent = "{{" .. templateToUse .. refContent .. "}}" else xpcall( function () refContent = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title=templateToUse, args=paramsToUse} end, function () throwError("no-such-reference-template", templateToUse, i18nPath, citeTypeToUse) end ) end -- If the citation couldn't be displayed using any template, but is not empty (barring ignored propeties), throw an error. elseif not referenceEmpty then refContent = errorText("malformed-reference-header") for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do refContent = refContent .. errorText("template-failure-reason", citeConfig[citeType]["template"], citeErrors[citeType]) end refContent = refContent .. errorText("malformed-reference-footer") end -- wrap refContent local ref = {} if refContent ~= "" then ref = {refContent} if not self.rawValue then -- this should become a <ref> tag, so save the reference's hash for later ref.refHash = "wikidata-" .. statement.hash .. "-v" .. (tonumber(i18n['version']) + version) end return {ref} else return {} end end -- gets a detail of one particular type for a reference function State:getReferenceDetail(snaks, dType, raw, link, anyLang) local switchLang = anyLang local value = nil if not snaks[dType] then return nil end -- if anyLang, first try the local language and otherwise any language repeat for _, v in ipairs(snaks[dType]) do value = self.conf:getValue(v, raw, link, false, anyLang and not switchLang, false, true) -- noSpecial = true if value then break end end if value or not anyLang then break end switchLang = not switchLang until anyLang and switchLang return value end -- gets the details of one particular type for a reference function State:getReferenceDetails(snaks, dType, raw, link, anyLang) local values = {} if not snaks[dType] then return {} end for _, v in ipairs(snaks[dType]) do -- if nil is returned then it will not be added to the table values[#values + 1] = self.conf:getValue(v, raw, link, false, anyLang, false, true) -- noSpecial = true end return values end -- level 1 hook function State:getAlias(object) local value = object.value local title = nil if value and self.linked then if self.conf.entityID:sub(1,1) == "Q" then title = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(self.conf.entityID) elseif self.conf.entityID:sub(1,1) == "P" then title = "d:Property:" .. self.conf.entityID end if title then value = buildWikilink(title, value) end end value = {value} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end -- level 1 hook function State:getBadge(value) value = self.conf:getLabel(value, self.rawValue, self.linked, self.shortName) if value == "" then value = nil end value = {value} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end function State:callHook(param, hooks, statement, result) -- call a parameter's hook if it has been defined and if it has not been called before if not result[param] and hooks[param] then local valuesArray = self[hooks[param]](self, statement, param, result, hooks) -- array with value objects -- add to the result if #valuesArray > 0 then result[param] = valuesArray result.count = result.count + 1 else result[param] = {} -- an empty array to indicate that we've tried this hook already return true -- miss == true end end return false end -- iterate through claims, claim's qualifiers or claim's references to collect values function State:iterate(statements, hooks, matchHook) matchHook = matchHook or alwaysTrue local matches = false local rankPos = nil local result, gotRequired for _, v in ipairs(statements) do -- rankPos will be nil for non-claim statements (e.g. qualifiers, references, etc.) matches, rankPos = matchHook(self, v) if matches then result = {count = 0} -- collection of arrays with value objects local function walk(formatTable) local miss for i2, v2 in pairs(formatTable.req) do -- call a hook, adding its return value to the result miss = self:callHook(i2, hooks, v, result) if miss then -- we miss a required value for this level, so return false return false end if result.count == hooks.count then -- we're done if all hooks have been called; -- returning at this point breaks the loop return true end end for _, v2 in ipairs(formatTable) do if result.count == hooks.count then -- we're done if all hooks have been called; -- returning at this point prevents further childs from being processed return true end if v2.child then walk(v2.child) end end return true end gotRequired = walk(self.parsedFormat) -- only append the result if we got values for all required parameters on the root level if gotRequired then -- if we have a rankPos (only with matchHook() for complete claims), then update the foundRank if rankPos and self.conf.foundRank > rankPos then self.conf.foundRank = rankPos end -- append the result self.results[#self.results + 1] = result -- break if we only need a single value if self.singleValue then break end end end end return self:out() end local function getEntityId(arg, eid, page, allowOmitPropPrefix, globalSiteId) local id = nil local prop = nil if arg then if arg:sub(1,1) == ":" then page = arg eid = nil elseif arg:sub(1,1):upper() == "Q" or arg:sub(1,9):lower() == "property:" or allowOmitPropPrefix then eid = arg page = nil else prop = arg end end if eid then if eid:sub(1,9):lower() == "property:" then id = replaceAlias(mw.text.trim(eid:sub(10))) if id:sub(1,1):upper() ~= "P" then id = "" end else id = replaceAlias(eid) end elseif page then if page:sub(1,1) == ":" then page = mw.text.trim(page:sub(2)) end id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForTitle(page, globalSiteId) or "" end if not id then id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() or "" end id = id:upper() if not mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) then id = "" end return id, prop end local function nextArg(args) local arg = args[args.pointer] if arg then args.pointer = args.pointer + 1 return mw.text.trim(arg) else return nil end end local function claimCommand(args, funcName) local cfg = Config:new() cfg:processFlagOrCommand(funcName) -- process first command (== function name) local lastArg, parsedFormat, formatParams, claims, value local hooks = {count = 0} -- set the date if given; -- must come BEFORE processing the flags if args[p.args.date] then cfg.atDate = {parseDate(args[p.args.date])} cfg.periods = {false, true, false} -- change default time constraint to 'current' end -- process flags and commands repeat lastArg = nextArg(args) until not cfg:processFlagOrCommand(lastArg) -- get the entity ID from either the positional argument, the eid argument or the page argument cfg.entityID, cfg.propertyID = getEntityId(lastArg, args[p.args.eid], args[p.args.page], false, args[p.args.globalSiteId]) if cfg.entityID == "" then return "" -- we cannot continue without a valid entity ID end cfg.entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(cfg.entityID) if not cfg.propertyID then cfg.propertyID = nextArg(args) end cfg.propertyID = replaceAlias(cfg.propertyID) if not cfg.entity or not cfg.propertyID then return "" -- we cannot continue without an entity or a property ID end cfg.propertyID = cfg.propertyID:upper() if not cfg.entity.claims or not cfg.entity.claims[cfg.propertyID] then return "" -- there is no use to continue without any claims end claims = cfg.entity.claims[cfg.propertyID] if cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then -- do further processing if "qualifier(s)" command was given if #args - args.pointer + 1 > cfg.states.qualifiersCount then -- claim ID or literal value has been given cfg.propertyValue = nextArg(args) end for i = 1, cfg.states.qualifiersCount do -- check if given qualifier ID is an alias and add it cfg.qualifierIDs[parameters.qualifier..i] = replaceAlias(nextArg(args) or ""):upper() end elseif cfg.states[parameters.reference] then -- do further processing if "reference(s)" command was given cfg.propertyValue = nextArg(args) end -- check for special property value 'somevalue' or 'novalue' if cfg.propertyValue then cfg.propertyValue = replaceSpecialChars(cfg.propertyValue) if cfg.propertyValue ~= "" and mw.text.trim(cfg.propertyValue) == "" then cfg.propertyValue = " " -- single space represents 'somevalue', whereas empty string represents 'novalue' else cfg.propertyValue = mw.text.trim(cfg.propertyValue) end end -- parse the desired format, or choose an appropriate format if args["format"] then parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args["format"]) elseif cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then -- "qualifier(s)" command given if cfg.states[parameters.property] then -- "propert(y|ies)" command given parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.propertyWithQualifier) else parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.qualifier) end elseif cfg.states[parameters.property] then -- "propert(y|ies)" command given parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.property) else -- "reference(s)" command given parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.reference) end -- if a "qualifier(s)" command and no "propert(y|ies)" command has been given, make the movable separator a semicolon if cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 and not cfg.states[parameters.property] then cfg.separators["sep"..parameters.separator][1] = {";"} end -- if only "reference(s)" has been given, set the default separator to none (except when raw) if cfg.states[parameters.reference] and not cfg.states[parameters.property] and cfg.states.qualifiersCount == 0 and not cfg.states[parameters.reference].rawValue then cfg.separators["sep"][1] = nil end -- if exactly one "qualifier(s)" command has been given, make "sep%q" point to "sep%q1" to make them equivalent if cfg.states.qualifiersCount == 1 then cfg.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier] = cfg.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier.."1"] end -- process overridden separator values; -- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators cfg:processSeparators(args) -- define the hooks that should be called (getProperty, getQualifiers, getReferences); -- only define a hook if both its command ("propert(y|ies)", "reference(s)", "qualifier(s)") and its parameter ("%p", "%r", "%q1", "%q2", "%q3") have been given for i, v in pairs(cfg.states) do -- e.g. 'formatParams["%q1"] or formatParams["%q"]' to define hook even if "%q1" was not defined to be able to build a complete value for "%q" if formatParams[i] or formatParams[i:sub(1, 2)] then hooks[i] = getHookName(i, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end end -- the "%q" parameter is not attached to a state, but is a collection of the results of multiple states (attached to "%q1", "%q2", "%q3", ...); -- so if this parameter is given then this hook must be defined separately, but only if at least one "qualifier(s)" command has been given if formatParams[parameters.qualifier] and cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then hooks[parameters.qualifier] = getHookName(parameters.qualifier, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end -- create a state for "properties" if it doesn't exist yet, which will be used as a base configuration for each claim iteration; -- must come AFTER defining the hooks if not cfg.states[parameters.property] then cfg.states[parameters.property] = State:new(cfg, parameters.property) -- if the "single" flag has been given then this state should be equivalent to "property" (singular) if cfg.singleClaim then cfg.states[parameters.property].singleValue = true end end -- if the "sourced" flag has been given then create a state for "reference" if it doesn't exist yet, using default values, -- which must exist in order to be able to determine if a claim has any references; -- must come AFTER defining the hooks if cfg.sourcedOnly and not cfg.states[parameters.reference] then cfg:processFlagOrCommand(p.claimCommands.reference) -- use singular "reference" to minimize overhead end -- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark); -- must come AFTER creating the additonal states cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.states[parameters.property], parsedFormat) -- process qualifier matching values, analogous to cfg.propertyValue for i, v in pairs(args) do i = tostring(i) if i:match('^[Pp]%d+$') or aliasesP[i] then v = replaceSpecialChars(v) -- check for special qualifier value 'somevalue' if v ~= "" and mw.text.trim(v) == "" then v = " " -- single space represents 'somevalue' end cfg.qualifierIDsAndValues[replaceAlias(i):upper()] = v end end -- first sort the claims on rank to pre-define the order of output (preferred first, then normal, then deprecated) claims = sortOnRank(claims) -- then iterate through the claims to collect values value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.states[parameters.property]:iterate(claims, hooks, State.claimMatches)) -- pass property state with level 1 hooks and matchHook -- if desired, add a clickable icon that may be used to edit the returned values on Wikidata if cfg.editable and value ~= "" then value = value .. cfg:getEditIcon() end return value end local function generalCommand(args, funcName) local cfg = Config:new() cfg.curState = State:new(cfg) local lastArg local value = nil repeat lastArg = nextArg(args) until not cfg:processFlag(lastArg) -- get the entity ID from either the positional argument, the eid argument or the page argument cfg.entityID = getEntityId(lastArg, args[p.args.eid], args[p.args.page], true, args[p.args.globalSiteId]) if cfg.entityID == "" or not mw.wikibase.entityExists(cfg.entityID) then return "" -- we cannot continue without an entity end -- serve according to the given command if funcName == p.generalCommands.label then value = cfg:getLabel(cfg.entityID, cfg.curState.rawValue, cfg.curState.linked, cfg.curState.shortName) elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.title then cfg.inSitelinks = true if cfg.entityID:sub(1,1) == "Q" then value = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(cfg.entityID) end if cfg.curState.linked and value then value = buildWikilink(value) end elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.description then value = mw.wikibase.getDescription(cfg.entityID) else local parsedFormat, formatParams local hooks = {count = 0} cfg.entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(cfg.entityID) if funcName == p.generalCommands.alias or funcName == p.generalCommands.badge then cfg.curState.singleValue = true end if funcName == p.generalCommands.alias or funcName == p.generalCommands.aliases then if not cfg.entity.aliases or not cfg.entity.aliases[cfg.langCode] then return "" -- there is no use to continue without any aliasses end local aliases = cfg.entity.aliases[cfg.langCode] -- parse the desired format, or parse the default aliases format if args["format"] then parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args["format"]) else parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.alias) end -- process overridden separator values; -- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators cfg:processSeparators(args) -- define the hook that should be called (getAlias); -- only define the hook if the parameter ("%a") has been given if formatParams[parameters.alias] then hooks[parameters.alias] = getHookName(parameters.alias, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end -- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark) cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.curState, parsedFormat) -- iterate to collect values value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.curState:iterate(aliases, hooks)) elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.badge or funcName == p.generalCommands.badges then if not cfg.entity.sitelinks or not cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID] or not cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID].badges then return "" -- there is no use to continue without any badges end local badges = cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID].badges cfg.inSitelinks = true -- parse the desired format, or parse the default aliases format if args["format"] then parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args["format"]) else parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.badge) end -- process overridden separator values; -- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators cfg:processSeparators(args) -- define the hook that should be called (getBadge); -- only define the hook if the parameter ("%b") has been given if formatParams[parameters.badge] then hooks[parameters.badge] = getHookName(parameters.badge, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end -- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark) cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.curState, parsedFormat) -- iterate to collect values value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.curState:iterate(badges, hooks)) end end value = value or "" if cfg.editable and value ~= "" then -- if desired, add a clickable icon that may be used to edit the returned value on Wikidata value = value .. cfg:getEditIcon() end return value end -- modules that include this module should call the functions with an underscore prepended, e.g.: p._property(args) local function establishCommands(commandList, commandFunc) for _, commandName in pairs(commandList) do local function wikitextWrapper(frame) local args = copyTable(frame.args) args.pointer = 1 loadI18n(aliasesP, frame) return commandFunc(args, commandName) end p[commandName] = wikitextWrapper local function luaWrapper(args) args = copyTable(args) args.pointer = 1 loadI18n(aliasesP) return commandFunc(args, commandName) end p["_" .. commandName] = luaWrapper end end establishCommands(p.claimCommands, claimCommand) establishCommands(p.generalCommands, generalCommand) -- main function that is supposed to be used by wrapper templates function p.main(frame) if not mw.wikibase then return nil end local f, args loadI18n(aliasesP, frame) -- get the parent frame to take the arguments that were passed to the wrapper template frame = frame:getParent() or frame if not frame.args[1] then throwError("no-function-specified") end f = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1]) if f == "main" then throwError("main-called-twice") end assert(p["_"..f], errorText('no-such-function', f)) -- copy arguments from immutable to mutable table args = copyTable(frame.args) -- remove the function name from the list table.remove(args, 1) return p["_"..f](args) end return p j5a6l03tjwodgrvfnv3lb4x5up93wlv Module:Wd/i18n 828 7209 52310 26663 2026-07-10T11:57:49Z Uzume 1031 Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q29879601|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer| #Synchronizer]] 52310 Scribunto text/plain -- The values and functions in this submodule should be localized per wiki. local p = {} function p.init(aliasesP) p = { ["version"] = "8", -- increment this each time the below parameters are changed to avoid reference conflict errors ["errors"] = { ["unknown-data-type"] = "Unknown or unsupported datatype '%s'.", ["missing-required-parameter"] = "No required parameters defined, needing at least one", ["extra-required-parameter"] = "Parameter '%s' must be defined as optional", ["no-function-specified"] = "You must specify a function to call", -- equal to the standard module error message ["main-called-twice"] = 'The function "main" cannot be called twice', ["no-such-function"] = 'The function "%s" does not exist', -- equal to the standard module error message ["no-such-reference-template"] = 'Error: template "%s", which is set in %s as the output template for the citation-output type "%s", does not exist', -- Parts of the error message signalling a malformed reference. ["malformed-reference-header"] = "<span style=\"color:#dd3333\">\nError: Unable to display the reference from Wikidata properly. Technical details:\n", ["malformed-reference-footer"] = "See [[Module:wd/doc#References|the documentation]] for further details.\n</span>\n[[Category:Module:Wd reference errors]]", ["template-failure-reason"] = "* Reason for the failure of {{tl|%s}}: %s\n", ["missing-mandatory-param"] = 'The output template call would miss the mandatory parameter <code>%s</code>.', ["unknown-property-in-ref"] = 'The Wikidata reference contains the property {{property|%s}}, which is not assigned to any parameter of this template.' }, ["info"] = { ["edit-on-wikidata"] = "Edit this on Wikidata" }, ["numeric"] = { ["decimal-mark"] = ".", ["delimiter"] = "," }, ["datetime"] = { ["prefixes"] = { ["decade-period"] = "" }, ["suffixes"] = { ["decade-period"] = "s", ["millennium"] = " millennium", ["century"] = " century", ["million-years"] = " million years", ["billion-years"] = " billion years", ["year"] = " year", ["years"] = " years" }, ["julian-calendar"] = "Julian calendar", -- linked page title ["julian"] = "Julian", ["BCE"] = "BCE", ["CE"] = "CE", ["common-era"] = "Common Era" -- linked page title }, ["coord"] = { ["latitude-north"] = "N", ["latitude-south"] = "S", ["longitude-east"] = "E", ["longitude-west"] = "W", ["degrees"] = "°", ["minutes"] = "'", ["seconds"] = '"', ["separator"] = ", " }, ["values"] = { ["unknown"] = "unknown", ["none"] = "none" }, ["cite"] = { ["output-types"] = {"web", "q"}, -- In this order, the output types will be tried ["param-mapping"] = { ["web"] = { -- <= left side: all allowed reference properties for *web page sources* per https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:Sources -- => right side: corresponding parameter names in (equivalent of) [[:en:Template:Cite web]] (if non-existent, keep empty i.e. "") [aliasesP.statedIn] = "website", [aliasesP.referenceURL] = "url", [aliasesP.publicationDate] = "date", [aliasesP.lastUpdate] = "date", [aliasesP.retrieved] = "access-date", [aliasesP.title] = "title", [aliasesP.subjectNamedAs] = "title", [aliasesP.archiveURL] = "archive-url", [aliasesP.archiveDate] = "archive-date", [aliasesP.language] = "language", [aliasesP.author] = "author", [aliasesP.authorNameString] = "author", [aliasesP.publisher] = "publisher", [aliasesP.quote] = "quote", [aliasesP.pages] = "pages", -- extra option [aliasesP.publishedIn] = "website", [aliasesP.sectionVerseOrParagraph] = "at" }, ["q"] = { -- <= left side: all allowed reference properties for *sources other than web pages* per https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:Sources -- => right side: corresponding parameter names in (equivalent of) [[:en:Template:Cite Q]] (if non-existent, keep empty i.e. "") [aliasesP.statedIn] = "1", [aliasesP.pages] = "pages", [aliasesP.column] = "at", [aliasesP.chapter] = "chapter", [aliasesP.sectionVerseOrParagraph] = "section", ["external-id"] = "id", -- used for any type of database property ID [aliasesP.title] = "title", [aliasesP.publicationDate] = "date", [aliasesP.lastUpdate] = "date", [aliasesP.retrieved] = "access-date" } }, ["config"] = { -- supported fields: -- - template: name of the template used for output -- - numbered-params: citation params accepting an arbitrary number of values by numbering the params (e.g. author1, author2) -- - raw-value-params: params taking a raw value (which means the property is rendered with getValue with raw=true) -- - mandatory-params: params that are required be in the template call (after potentially appending numbers to params listed in numbered-params) -- - prioritization: table associating a list of properties, in the order in which they are preferred, to template parameters; -- properties not mentioned here have the lowest priority; -- prioritization of properties handled through additionalProcessedProperties is unsupported; -- no key of this table can be from numbered-params -- Leaving out the "template" field causes the output type to be ignored. ["web"] = { ["template"] = "Cite web", ["numbered-params"] = {"author"}, ["mandatory-params"] = {"url"}, ["prioritization"] = { ["date"] = {aliasesP.lastUpdate, aliasesP.publicationDate}, ["title"] = {aliasesP.title, aliasesP.subjectNamedAs} } }, ["q"] = { ["template"] = "Cite Q", ["raw-value-params"] = {"1"}, -- the first, unnamed parameter of CiteQ takes a QID, not the name of the item cited ["mandatory-params"] = {"1"}, ["prioritization"] = { ["date"] = {aliasesP.lastUpdate, aliasesP.publicationDate} } } } } } p.getOrdinalSuffix = function(num) if tostring(num):sub(-2,-2) == '1' then return "th" -- 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, ... 19th end num = tostring(num):sub(-1) if num == '1' then return "st" elseif num == '2' then return "nd" elseif num == '3' then return "rd" else return "th" end end p.addDelimiters = function(n) local left, num, right = string.match(n, "^([^%d]*%d)(%d*)(.-)$") if left and num and right then return left .. (num:reverse():gsub("(%d%d%d)", "%1" .. p['numeric']['delimiter']):reverse()) .. right else return n end end return p end return p pgkxz3kqyoyu0zj2nmtkjkdr0ntnin5 Kokelo ya Molepolole (Scottish Livingstone) 0 8567 52231 36896 2026-07-09T13:31:41Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo le metswedi ya tsebe ya Kokelo ya Molepolole #Setswana Knowledge Activation 52231 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Scottish Livingstone Hospital 228.jpg|thumb|Scottish Livingstone Hospital]] '''Kokelo ya Scottish Livingstone,''' e e itsegeng e le '''kokelokgolo ya Molepolole,''' ke [[:en:Hospital#District|kokelo ya kgaolo]] ya puso e e mo [[:en:Molepolole|Molepolole,]] mo lefatsheng la [[:en:Botswana|Botswana,]] e eleng dikhilomethara di le masome a marataro (60 km) metsotso e le masome a mararo le bosupa(37 mi) go tswa [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone.]]<ref name=":1">[https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/d2b6376e-4914-40e2-a190-7d01e5956947/content "AN HISTORICAL EVALUATION OF THE LUTHERAN MEDICAL MISSION SERVICES IN SOUTHERN AFRICA WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON FOUR HOSPITALS: 1930s-1978".] University of KwaZulu-Natal. p.&nbsp;48. Retrieved 9 July 2026</ref> == Ditso == [[Setshwantsho:MolepololeHospital.jpg|left|thumb|Kokelo ya Scottish Livingstone]] Kokelo ya Scottish Livingstone e agilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro ke kereke ya [[:en:United_Free_Church_of_Scotland|United Free Church of Scotland.]] E ne ya bulwa mo ngwageng e e latelang kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le mararo, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dr_Sheppard&action=edit&redlink=1 Ngaka Sheppard] e ne e le ngaka ya ntlha. Ka nako eo, sepatela se ne se na le malao a le masome a mabedi (20) fela.<ref>1. [http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/ "District Hospitals".] Ministry of Health. Archived from [https://www.gov.bhttp//www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/w/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/ the original] on 7 May 2013. Retrieved 06 November 2022.</ref> Sepatela se ne se tsamaisiwa ka thuso ya London Missionary Society. Sepatela sa Scottish Livingstone se ne se bereka sentle thata mo puso ya bokolone ya British Bechuanaland e neng ya kopa kereke ya United Free go ba thusa go bula sepatela se sengwe kwa [[Kanye]] e le tsela ya go nyatsa ba [[kereke ya Sabata]]. Sepatela sa Kanye se nnile dingwaga di robabobedi fela.<ref name=":1" /> == Ditlamelo == Ka go leka go lwantshana le segajaja sa HIV/AIDS, puso e ne ya bula kago e ngwe e e ntsha ya sepatela ka Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa.<ref name=":0">2.Lockman, Shahin; Plank, Rebeca. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131024182507/http://www.brighamandwomens.org/publicaffairs/Images/MedicalStaff2009/Scottish%20Livingstone%20Hospital.pdf "Scottish Livingstone Hospital"] (PDF). Brigham and Women's Hospital. Archived from [[the original]] (PDF) on 24 October 2013. Retrieved 06 November 2022.</ref> Kago e ntsha e, e ne ya agiwa ke [[:en:Arup_Group_Limited|Arup,]] e neng e na le malao a le makgolo a mararo le botlhano (350) gammogo le metlhale ya tsidifatso le kgotetso.<ref>3.[https://web.archive.org/web/20221107121737/https://www.arup.com/projects/scottish-livingstone-hospital "Scottish Livingstone Hospital"]. Arup[https://web.archive.org/web/20130922101043/http://www.arup.com/Projects/Scottish_Livingstone_Hospital.aspx . Archived] from the original on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 06 November 2022.</ref> Sepatela se na le kokelwana ya malwetse a a tshelanwang, e e abang [[:en:Management_of_HIV/AIDS|dibolaa mogare.]] Bontsi jwa dingaka di bua puo ya Sekgoa fela fa balwetsi ba bua puo ya [[:en:Tswana_language|Setswana]] nako e ntsi. Ka jalo ditirelo tsa botsogo di nna di fiwa ka thuso ya moranodi. Dipalo tsa dingaka le bolengteng jwa di dirisiwa ga di lekane. Go na le [[:en:X-ray_generator|motshine wa ekeserei]] o le mongwe le [[:en:Radiology|tidima serei]] e se yo. Dinako tsa go emela go bona ngaka le lephata la [[:en:Obstetrics|obstetrics]] le nna dirisiwa ke ba [[:en:Midwifery|bongaka jwa pelegi.]]<ref name=":0" /> Ka nako ya segajaja sa COVID-19 mo Botswana, sepatela sa Scottish livingstone se ne sa tshwanelwa ke go fokotsa ditirelo tsa sone ka ntlha ya go tlala, mme ba ne ba bula karolo ya bone ya COVID-19.<ref>[https://www.pressreader.com/botswana/the-monitor-4753/20210816/281573768766461?srsltid=AfmBOoqhc7ZKg9ZnePTzIG_cihR7XO_XHax6bd0nFdb-tkGaZYpcaFDT "Scottish Hospital sets up COVID-19 Unit".] ''The Monitor''. Retrieved 9 July 2026 &#x2013; via Pressreader.</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[:en:Alfred_Merriweather|Alfred Merriweather]] == Metswedi == <references /> == Dipadi tse dingwe == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171024133244/http://www.moh.gov.bw/ Botswana Ministry of Health] ncg3hc4s812u8pj0t9u58w9vxrlbah4 Bechuanaland 0 8799 52253 52219 2026-07-09T20:20:11Z Botshelo Dire 12943 ke ranotse tsebe e.#wikipidea25bw 52253 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bechuanaland''' e ne e le lefatshe mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] le le neng le le mo tshireletsong le tlhokomelo ya lefatshe la [[:en:United_Kingdom|United Kingdom]] go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robobobedi le masome a robaboedi le botlhao (1885) kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le malatsi a le masome a mararo le bongwe. Le ne la fetoga go nna [[Botswana|Republic of Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabogwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966) kgwedi ya Lwetse e le malatsi a le masome a mararo, dingwaga dile thataro morago ga phathi ya sepolotiki ya Bechunaland Democratic Party e sena go tlhomamisiwa ke Rre Seretse Khama == Ditso == Morongwa wa lotso lwa [[:en:Scottish_people|Scottish]] [[John Mackenzie (missionary)|John Mackenzie]] o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mararo le botlhano (1835) a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1899), o a neng a tsena kereke ya [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]] (LMS),<ref>McKenna, Amy (2023). [https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Mackenzie "John Mackenzie British Missionary".] ''Britannica''. Retrieved 28/09/2023</ref> a nna kwa motseng wa [[Shoshong]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro le bobedi (1862) go tsena ka wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le borataro (1876), o ne a dumela gore [[Bangwato]] le ma [[Aferika|Aforika]] a mangwe ba a neng a bereka le bone ba ne ba tshosediwa ke batho ba ba itsege e le ba lotso lwa Seburu go tswa kwa borwa. O ne a bolotsa letsholo la go simolodisa lefatshe la Bechuanaland mo tlhokomelong ya [[:en:United_Kingdom|Britain.]]<ref>Northcott, Cecil (1972). [https://www.historytoday.com/archive/john-mackenzie-and-southern-africa "John Mackenzie and Southern Africa".] ''History Today''. Retrieved 28-09-2023</ref> Mo lokwalong lwa gagwe lwa ''Austral Africa: losing it or Ruling it'', Mackenzie o ranola ditiragalo tse di bakileng go simolodisiwa ga lefatshe le la tshireletso. Ka thotloetso ya ga Mackenzie, ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885) kgwedi ya Ferikgong, palamente ya Britain e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go romela setlhopha sa masole kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] ba ya go gatelela bolaodi jwa Britain mo lefelong leo. [[:en:Charles_Warren|Sir Charles Warren]] o ne a etelela pele sesole sa batho ba le dikete di le nne go tswa kwa [[Cape Town|Cape Town.]] Morago ga go diragatsa ditumalano le magosi a mafatshe a Aforika a le mmalwa, Warren o ne a bolela fa tshireletso ya lefatshe e simologa ka ngwaga wa 1885 kwegi ya Mopitlo.<ref>Former deputy attorney-general Tendekani Malebeswa paints a different picture: "The imposition of a protectorate in 1885 by the British was a purely unilateral act to secure their own interests, and it was not in direct response to any request made by any person in what later became Bechuanaland Protectorate. On the contrary, evidence shows that Chiefs Bathoen I of Bangwaketse and Sechele I of Bakwena were sceptical about the protection, whilst Chief Khama III of Bangwato was most receptive to the idea (Morton and Ramsay). ... Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006)." (from T. E. Malebeswa (2020): ''Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects'')</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse gone mo ngwageng o o, lefatshe la [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] kwa borwa jwa noka ya [[Noka ya Molopo|Molopo]] le ne la tsewa ke puso ya bokolone ya [[:en:British_Bechuanaland|British Bechuanaland]]. Mackenzie o ne a na le Warren , mme lokwalo lwa Austral Africa lo fa tlhaloso ya ditiragalo tse.<ref>Mackenzie, John (1887)[https://web.archive.org/web/20180412145903/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2525/ . ''Austral Africa: Losing It or Ruling It; Being Incidents and Experiences in Bechuanaland, Cape Colony, and England''.] London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. Archived from the [https://www.loc.gov/collections/world-digital-library/about-this-collection/ original] on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2014 &#x2013; via World Digital Library.</ref> Bechuanaland o ne a raya "lefatshe la Batswana" mme le ne la kgaogangwa gabedi. Kwa bokone go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le lefatshe la Bechanaland fa kwa borwa go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le kolone ya British Bechuanaland. British Bechuanaland o ne a tsenngwa mo koloneng ya [[:en:Cape_Colony|Cape Colony]] ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1895) mme janong ke bontlha bongwe jwa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff, eds. (1987). ''The Birth of Botswana: A history of the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1910 to 1966''. Gaborone, Botswana: Longman Botswana. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-00584-6|<bdi>978-0-582-00584-6</bdi>.]]</ref> Bokone jwa lefatshe e bong Bechuanaland Protectorate, bo ne bo le botona jwa 225,000 miles le palo ya batho ya dikete di le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le makgolo a supa, masome a supa le borataro. Lefelo leo le ne le nniwa ke merafe e metona ya Batswana e le meraro: [[Bangwato]], [[:en:Koena_tribe|Bakwena]] le [[:en:Bangwaketse|Bangwaketse]], ga mmogo le merafe e mebotlana jaaka [[:en:Balete_people|Balete]] le [[Bakgatla]]. Ba bangwe ba ba neng ba nna foo e ne e le ditlogolwana tsa ba ba simolotseng go nna foo e bong [[Basarwa]] le [[:en:Makalaka|Bakalaka]] ba ba neng ba gapetswe lefatshe ke Batswana ka nako ya fa go fudugelwa kwa borwa.<ref>Peters (1947), p. 1</ref> Puso ya Britain e ne e solofetse go neela lefatshe la [[:en:Company_rule_in_Rhodesia|Rhodesia]] kgotsa Aforika Borwa tsamaiso ya lefatshe, mme baganetsi ba Batswana ba tsaya tshetswo ya go sala mo tlhokomelong ya molao wa Britain go fitlhelela leaftshe le tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966). Bechuanaland Protectorate e ne lefatshe le le sireleditsweng le ikemetse e seng le le ka fa tlase ga puso ya lefatshe le lengwe. Kwa tshimologong baeteledipele ba Batswana ba ne ba neetswe nonofo mme tsamaiso ya lefatshe e neetswe sepodisi go sireletsa melelwane kgatlhanong le mafatshe a mangwe a [[:en:Europe|Europe]] a a neng a ka tsaya lefatshe a le busa. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1891), ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong a le malatsi a ferabongwe, puso ya Britain e ne ya neela tsamaiso ya lefatshe [[:en:List_of_high_commissioners_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_South_Africa|High Commissioner for South Africa]], o a neng a simolola go tlhopha babusi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>{{harvnb|Morton|Ramsay|1987|page=needed}}</ref> Lefatshe le ne le tsamaisiwa go tswa kwa Mafikeng, seo se ne se tsala seemo se se sa tlwaelegang gore toropokgolo ya lefatshe e nne kwa ntle ga lefatshe leo. Kgaolo ya Mafikeng(gotswa ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980) ene e tsentswe mo [[Bophuthatswana]] Mfikeng, ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010) ya nna [[Mahikeng|Mahikieng]]) e ne e bidiwa 'The Imperial Reserve'. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885), ha Bechunalnd a bolelwa jaaka kgaolo e e sireleditsweng, one a tshwaragane le bokone ka ditekanyo tsa mola tsa equator ka [[22° south]].Molelwane wa bokone wa lefelo le le sireleditsweng on wa okediwa ke Ba-Boritshe go ya kwa bokone go akaretsa Ngamilang, eka nako eo e neng e buswa ke Ba-Tawana ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890), kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele masome a mararo. Kgang eo, ene ya amogelwa semmuso ke lefatshe la Jeremane le le latelang ka karolo ya Boraro ya Tumalano ya Heligoland-Zanzibar, e e neng ya tlhomamisa molelwane wa bophirima wa lefelo la itshireletso la Britain la Bechunalnd le la Jeeremane la Itshireletso la Aforika Borwa-Bophirima gape le go bopa kgaolo ya Caprivi e e setseng e amogetswe ke Namibia ya segompieno. Kwa Borwa- bophirima jwa Aforika, lefelo le le laolwang ke Jeremane le tlhaloswa jana: # kwa borwa go kgaolwa ke mola o simologang kwa molomong wa Noka ya Orange o bo o ya ntlheng ya bokone jwa yone fo fitlha e kopana le mola wa bogare wa boleele wa ditekanyo ts equator wa masome a mabedi kwa botlhaba. # kotlase le ene kwa botlhabanng ka mola o o simololang kwa lefelong le le builweng pele o bo o latela bogareng jwa mola wa ntlha ya botlhabanng jwa masome a bobedi go ya kwa o kopanang le mola wa ntlha ya borwa ta bo 22°. Mola o o tswa foo o latela tekanyo e bophara jwa lefatshe goya botlhabeng go fitha o kgatlhana le mola o boleele jwa lefatshe wa degre tse di masome a mabedi le bongwe (21) botlhaba, o bo o o latela mola o wa boleele oya kwa bokone go fitlha o kgatlhana le mola wa bophara jwa lefatshee wa digre tse lesome le boferabobedi(18), mme o tsamae le mola o bophara go ya kwa botlhabeng go fitlha o kgatlhana le Noka ya Chobe.Go tswa fano e welela ko tlase go fitlha e kopana le noka ya Zambezi ko e felang teng . Go tlhaloganysesa gore tumalano e , efa lefatshe la Jeremane tetla ya go tsena ka kgololesego go tswa mo kgaolong ye e sireleditswng (protectorate) go ya kwa Zambezi ka mokgwa wa mola wa lefatshe o o seng kwa tlase ga dikilimetara dile masome a mararo le bobedi (2omiles) ka bophara ntlha nngwe le nngwe. Mafelo a a laolwang ke Great Britain a kgoreleditswe ka fa bophirima le bokone-bophirima ke mola o o builweng pele, mme a akaretsa letsha la Ngami. Badiredi ba puso yaga Mmamosadinyana ba gorogile mo kgaolong ya Ngamiland mo ngwageng wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bone (1894) Molao wa Tati Concessions Land Act wa Ferikgong a tlhola masome a mabedi le motso ka ngwaga wa sekete, makolo a robabongwe le lesome le motso (1911) one wa fetisetsa lefelo le lesha la botlhaba kwa tshireletsong. Go tswa fa noka ya Shashe e simolgang teng goya kwa thulanong ya yone le dinoka tsa Tati le Ramokgwebana , go ya ka Noka ya Ramokgwebana go ya kwa e simologang teng, mme go tswa foo go latela mogopo wa metsi wa dinoka tseo. Kgaolo eno e kile yabo ele ya Matebeleland. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1895), ba (British South Africa Company) ba ne ba leka go tsaya kgaolo eno, mme dikgosi tsa Botswana e bong Bathoen 1, Khama lll le Sebele l bane ba ya kwa Lontone go ka ngongorega mme ba atlega go thibela BSAC. Kgaolo eno gompieno ke yone kgaolo ya Bokone-Botlhaba ya Botswana. Go feta moo, lefelo la borwa jwa Bechunaland lene la amiwa thata ke bolwetsejwa leruarua jwa Aforika (bolwane) jwa dingwaga tsa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890), jo bo neng jwa senya itsholelo ya lefatshe ka nakwana. == Polotiki == Kitsiso ya tshireletso e e neng e bolelwa ke kgaolo ye ntsha ya puso yaga Mmamosadinyana Bechunaland Protectoraye ( eleng Botswana) kwa borwa, di ne di diretswe segolo bogolo go thibela mafatshe a Jeremane, Portugal , le Maburu go atolosa madbelo a bone. Go fapana le se se neng se begwa ke Warren le ba bangwe ka nako eo, gase dikgosi tsotlhe ts di neng di amegile mo tshireletsong ya Mmamosadinyana (protectorate) tse di neng di e batla. Kgosi e e neng ena le thata go di feta tsotlhe , e ne ele Kgosi Khama III, yo o neng a na le tshegetso e kgolo go tswa kwa pusong yaga Mmamosadinyana. Mme a ratiwa thata bogolo jang ke batho ba ba neng ba rera enfagedi kwa Borithane. O ne a dirisana thata le masole a Boritane, mme a thibela lefatshe la gagwe le le legolo, le le se nang batho ba bantsi gore le seka la tsenwa ke batswa kwa, go tswa Aforika Borwa Motswedi kui0jqkiyvnis7cf79tzi0m5ufimg15 52254 52253 2026-07-09T20:29:19Z Botshelo Dire 12943 ke ranotse tsebe e.#wikipidea25bw 52254 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bechuanaland''' e ne e le lefatshe mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] le le neng le le mo tshireletsong le tlhokomelo ya lefatshe la [[:en:United_Kingdom|United Kingdom]] go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robobobedi le masome a robaboedi le botlhao (1885) kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le malatsi a le masome a mararo le bongwe. Le ne la fetoga go nna [[Botswana|Republic of Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabogwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966) kgwedi ya Lwetse e le malatsi a le masome a mararo, dingwaga dile thataro morago ga phathi ya sepolotiki ya Bechunaland Democratic Party e sena go tlhomamisiwa ke Rre Seretse Khama == Ditso == Morongwa wa lotso lwa [[:en:Scottish_people|Scottish]] [[John Mackenzie (missionary)|John Mackenzie]] o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mararo le botlhano (1835) a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1899), o a neng a tsena kereke ya [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]] (LMS),<ref>McKenna, Amy (2023). [https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Mackenzie "John Mackenzie British Missionary".] ''Britannica''. Retrieved 28/09/2023</ref> a nna kwa motseng wa [[Shoshong]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro le bobedi (1862) go tsena ka wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le borataro (1876), o ne a dumela gore [[Bangwato]] le ma [[Aferika|Aforika]] a mangwe ba a neng a bereka le bone ba ne ba tshosediwa ke batho ba ba itsege e le ba lotso lwa Seburu go tswa kwa borwa. O ne a bolotsa letsholo la go simolodisa lefatshe la Bechuanaland mo tlhokomelong ya [[:en:United_Kingdom|Britain.]]<ref>Northcott, Cecil (1972). [https://www.historytoday.com/archive/john-mackenzie-and-southern-africa "John Mackenzie and Southern Africa".] ''History Today''. Retrieved 28-09-2023</ref> Mo lokwalong lwa gagwe lwa ''Austral Africa: losing it or Ruling it'', Mackenzie o ranola ditiragalo tse di bakileng go simolodisiwa ga lefatshe le la tshireletso. Ka thotloetso ya ga Mackenzie, ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885) kgwedi ya Ferikgong, palamente ya Britain e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go romela setlhopha sa masole kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] ba ya go gatelela bolaodi jwa Britain mo lefelong leo. [[:en:Charles_Warren|Sir Charles Warren]] o ne a etelela pele sesole sa batho ba le dikete di le nne go tswa kwa [[Cape Town|Cape Town.]] Morago ga go diragatsa ditumalano le magosi a mafatshe a Aforika a le mmalwa, Warren o ne a bolela fa tshireletso ya lefatshe e simologa ka ngwaga wa 1885 kwegi ya Mopitlo.<ref>Former deputy attorney-general Tendekani Malebeswa paints a different picture: "The imposition of a protectorate in 1885 by the British was a purely unilateral act to secure their own interests, and it was not in direct response to any request made by any person in what later became Bechuanaland Protectorate. On the contrary, evidence shows that Chiefs Bathoen I of Bangwaketse and Sechele I of Bakwena were sceptical about the protection, whilst Chief Khama III of Bangwato was most receptive to the idea (Morton and Ramsay). ... Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006)." (from T. E. Malebeswa (2020): ''Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects'')</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse gone mo ngwageng o o, lefatshe la [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] kwa borwa jwa noka ya [[Noka ya Molopo|Molopo]] le ne la tsewa ke puso ya bokolone ya [[:en:British_Bechuanaland|British Bechuanaland]]. Mackenzie o ne a na le Warren , mme lokwalo lwa Austral Africa lo fa tlhaloso ya ditiragalo tse.<ref>Mackenzie, John (1887)[https://web.archive.org/web/20180412145903/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2525/ . ''Austral Africa: Losing It or Ruling It; Being Incidents and Experiences in Bechuanaland, Cape Colony, and England''.] London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. Archived from the [https://www.loc.gov/collections/world-digital-library/about-this-collection/ original] on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2014 &#x2013; via World Digital Library.</ref> Bechuanaland o ne a raya "lefatshe la Batswana" mme le ne la kgaogangwa gabedi. Kwa bokone go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le lefatshe la Bechanaland fa kwa borwa go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le kolone ya British Bechuanaland. British Bechuanaland o ne a tsenngwa mo koloneng ya [[:en:Cape_Colony|Cape Colony]] ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1895) mme janong ke bontlha bongwe jwa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff, eds. (1987). ''The Birth of Botswana: A history of the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1910 to 1966''. Gaborone, Botswana: Longman Botswana. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-00584-6|<bdi>978-0-582-00584-6</bdi>.]]</ref> Bokone jwa lefatshe e bong Bechuanaland Protectorate, bo ne bo le botona jwa 225,000 miles le palo ya batho ya dikete di le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le makgolo a supa, masome a supa le borataro. Lefelo leo le ne le nniwa ke merafe e metona ya Batswana e le meraro: [[Bangwato]], [[:en:Koena_tribe|Bakwena]] le [[:en:Bangwaketse|Bangwaketse]], ga mmogo le merafe e mebotlana jaaka [[:en:Balete_people|Balete]] le [[Bakgatla]]. Ba bangwe ba ba neng ba nna foo e ne e le ditlogolwana tsa ba ba simolotseng go nna foo e bong [[Basarwa]] le [[:en:Makalaka|Bakalaka]] ba ba neng ba gapetswe lefatshe ke Batswana ka nako ya fa go fudugelwa kwa borwa.<ref>Peters (1947), p. 1</ref> Puso ya Britain e ne e solofetse go neela lefatshe la [[:en:Company_rule_in_Rhodesia|Rhodesia]] kgotsa Aforika Borwa tsamaiso ya lefatshe, mme baganetsi ba Batswana ba tsaya tshetswo ya go sala mo tlhokomelong ya molao wa Britain go fitlhelela leaftshe le tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966). Bechuanaland Protectorate e ne lefatshe le le sireleditsweng le ikemetse e seng le le ka fa tlase ga puso ya lefatshe le lengwe. Kwa tshimologong baeteledipele ba Batswana ba ne ba neetswe nonofo mme tsamaiso ya lefatshe e neetswe sepodisi go sireletsa melelwane kgatlhanong le mafatshe a mangwe a [[:en:Europe|Europe]] a a neng a ka tsaya lefatshe a le busa. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1891), ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong a le malatsi a ferabongwe, puso ya Britain e ne ya neela tsamaiso ya lefatshe [[:en:List_of_high_commissioners_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_South_Africa|High Commissioner for South Africa]], o a neng a simolola go tlhopha babusi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>{{harvnb|Morton|Ramsay|1987|page=needed}}</ref> Lefatshe le ne le tsamaisiwa go tswa kwa Mafikeng, seo se ne se tsala seemo se se sa tlwaelegang gore toropokgolo ya lefatshe e nne kwa ntle ga lefatshe leo. Kgaolo ya Mafikeng(gotswa ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980) ene e tsentswe mo [[Bophuthatswana]] Mfikeng, ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010) ya nna [[Mahikeng|Mahikieng]]) e ne e bidiwa 'The Imperial Reserve'. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885), ha Bechunalnd a bolelwa jaaka kgaolo e e sireleditsweng, one a tshwaragane le bokone ka ditekanyo tsa mola tsa equator ka [[22° south]].Molelwane wa bokone wa lefelo le le sireleditsweng on wa okediwa ke Ba-Boritshe go ya kwa bokone go akaretsa Ngamilang, eka nako eo e neng e buswa ke Ba-Tawana ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890), kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele masome a mararo. Kgang eo, ene ya amogelwa semmuso ke lefatshe la Jeremane le le latelang ka karolo ya Boraro ya Tumalano ya Heligoland-Zanzibar, e e neng ya tlhomamisa molelwane wa bophirima wa lefelo la itshireletso la Britain la Bechunalnd le la Jeeremane la Itshireletso la Aforika Borwa-Bophirima gape le go bopa kgaolo ya Caprivi e e setseng e amogetswe ke Namibia ya segompieno. Kwa Borwa- bophirima jwa Aforika, lefelo le le laolwang ke Jeremane le tlhaloswa jana: # kwa borwa go kgaolwa ke mola o simologang kwa molomong wa Noka ya Orange o bo o ya ntlheng ya bokone jwa yone fo fitlha e kopana le mola wa bogare wa boleele wa ditekanyo ts equator wa masome a mabedi kwa botlhaba. # kotlase le ene kwa botlhabanng ka mola o o simololang kwa lefelong le le builweng pele o bo o latela bogareng jwa mola wa ntlha ya botlhabanng jwa masome a bobedi go ya kwa o kopanang le mola wa ntlha ya borwa ta bo 22°. Mola o o tswa foo o latela tekanyo e bophara jwa lefatshe goya botlhabeng go fitha o kgatlhana le mola o boleele jwa lefatshe wa degre tse di masome a mabedi le bongwe (21) botlhaba, o bo o o latela mola o wa boleele oya kwa bokone go fitlha o kgatlhana le mola wa bophara jwa lefatshee wa digre tse lesome le boferabobedi(18), mme o tsamae le mola o bophara go ya kwa botlhabeng go fitlha o kgatlhana le Noka ya Chobe.Go tswa fano e welela ko tlase go fitlha e kopana le noka ya Zambezi ko e felang teng . Go tlhaloganysesa gore tumalano e , efa lefatshe la Jeremane tetla ya go tsena ka kgololesego go tswa mo kgaolong ye e sireleditswng (protectorate) go ya kwa Zambezi ka mokgwa wa mola wa lefatshe o o seng kwa tlase ga dikilimetara dile masome a mararo le bobedi (2omiles) ka bophara ntlha nngwe le nngwe. Mafelo a a laolwang ke Great Britain a kgoreleditswe ka fa bophirima le bokone-bophirima ke mola o o builweng pele, mme a akaretsa letsha la Ngami. Badiredi ba puso yaga Mmamosadinyana ba gorogile mo kgaolong ya Ngamiland mo ngwageng wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bone (1894) Molao wa Tati Concessions Land Act wa Ferikgong a tlhola masome a mabedi le motso ka ngwaga wa sekete, makolo a robabongwe le lesome le motso (1911) one wa fetisetsa lefelo le lesha la botlhaba kwa tshireletsong. Go tswa fa noka ya Shashe e simolgang teng goya kwa thulanong ya yone le dinoka tsa Tati le Ramokgwebana , go ya ka Noka ya Ramokgwebana go ya kwa e simologang teng, mme go tswa foo go latela mogopo wa metsi wa dinoka tseo. Kgaolo eno e kile yabo ele ya Matebeleland. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1895), ba (British South Africa Company) ba ne ba leka go tsaya kgaolo eno, mme dikgosi tsa Botswana e bong Bathoen 1, Khama lll le Sebele l bane ba ya kwa Lontone go ka ngongorega mme ba atlega go thibela BSAC. Kgaolo eno gompieno ke yone kgaolo ya Bokone-Botlhaba ya Botswana. Go feta moo, lefelo la borwa jwa Bechunaland lene la amiwa thata ke bolwetsejwa leruarua jwa Aforika (bolwane) jwa dingwaga tsa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890), jo bo neng jwa senya itsholelo ya lefatshe ka nakwana. == Polotiki == Kitsiso ya tshireletso e e neng e bolelwa ke kgaolo ye ntsha ya puso yaga Mmamosadinyana Bechunaland Protectoraye ( eleng Botswana) kwa borwa, di ne di diretswe segolo bogolo go thibela mafatshe a Jeremane, Portugal , le Maburu go atolosa madbelo a bone. Go fapana le se se neng se begwa ke Warren le ba bangwe ka nako eo, gase dikgosi tsotlhe ts di neng di amegile mo tshireletsong ya Mmamosadinyana (protectorate) tse di neng di e batla. Kgosi e e neng ena le thata go di feta tsotlhe , e ne ele Kgosi Khama III, yo o neng a na le tshegetso e kgolo go tswa kwa pusong yaga Mmamosadinyana. Mme a ratiwa thata bogolo jang ke batho ba ba neng ba rera enfagedi kwa Borithane. O ne a dirisana thata le masole a Boritane, mme a thibela lefatshe la gagwe le le legolo, le le se nang batho ba bantsi gore le seka la tsenwa ke batswa kwa, go tswa Aforika Borwa. Morwa Khama , e bong Sekgoma II, yo mogolwane one a nna kgosi ya Bamangwato morago ga leso lwa ga Khama ka 1923. Morwa yo mogolo wa ga Sekgoma II o ne a bidiwa Seretse. Mo botshelong jwa gagwe, Khama one a tlogelwa ke mosadi ( a na ale motlholagadi)mme a nyala gape makgetho ale mmalwa. Mosadi mongwe , e bong Semane, o ne a nna le morwa yo o bidiwang Tshekedi. Puso yaga Sekgoma II ene ya nna ngwaga fela , mme ya tlogela morwae e bong Seretse, yo o neng a santse a le lesea ka nako eo, jaaka mojalefa yo o tshwanetsweng wa bogosi (Tshekedi one a se mo molaong wa bogosi ka ane a sa tswa mo go morwa yo mogolo waga Khama e bong Sekgoma II). Ka jalo , go ya ka ngwao Motswedi 95soj17e8zsjsa3xtajso1gn76pxp63 52255 52254 2026-07-09T20:38:55Z Botshelo Dire 12943 ke ranotse tsebe e.#wikipidea25bw 52255 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bechuanaland''' e ne e le lefatshe mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] le le neng le le mo tshireletsong le tlhokomelo ya lefatshe la [[:en:United_Kingdom|United Kingdom]] go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robobobedi le masome a robaboedi le botlhao (1885) kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le malatsi a le masome a mararo le bongwe. Le ne la fetoga go nna [[Botswana|Republic of Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabogwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966) kgwedi ya Lwetse e le malatsi a le masome a mararo, dingwaga dile thataro morago ga phathi ya sepolotiki ya Bechunaland Democratic Party e sena go tlhomamisiwa ke Rre Seretse Khama == Ditso == Morongwa wa lotso lwa [[:en:Scottish_people|Scottish]] [[John Mackenzie (missionary)|John Mackenzie]] o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mararo le botlhano (1835) a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1899), o a neng a tsena kereke ya [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]] (LMS),<ref>McKenna, Amy (2023). [https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Mackenzie "John Mackenzie British Missionary".] ''Britannica''. Retrieved 28/09/2023</ref> a nna kwa motseng wa [[Shoshong]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro le bobedi (1862) go tsena ka wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le borataro (1876), o ne a dumela gore [[Bangwato]] le ma [[Aferika|Aforika]] a mangwe ba a neng a bereka le bone ba ne ba tshosediwa ke batho ba ba itsege e le ba lotso lwa Seburu go tswa kwa borwa. O ne a bolotsa letsholo la go simolodisa lefatshe la Bechuanaland mo tlhokomelong ya [[:en:United_Kingdom|Britain.]]<ref>Northcott, Cecil (1972). [https://www.historytoday.com/archive/john-mackenzie-and-southern-africa "John Mackenzie and Southern Africa".] ''History Today''. Retrieved 28-09-2023</ref> Mo lokwalong lwa gagwe lwa ''Austral Africa: losing it or Ruling it'', Mackenzie o ranola ditiragalo tse di bakileng go simolodisiwa ga lefatshe le la tshireletso. Ka thotloetso ya ga Mackenzie, ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885) kgwedi ya Ferikgong, palamente ya Britain e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go romela setlhopha sa masole kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] ba ya go gatelela bolaodi jwa Britain mo lefelong leo. [[:en:Charles_Warren|Sir Charles Warren]] o ne a etelela pele sesole sa batho ba le dikete di le nne go tswa kwa [[Cape Town|Cape Town.]] Morago ga go diragatsa ditumalano le magosi a mafatshe a Aforika a le mmalwa, Warren o ne a bolela fa tshireletso ya lefatshe e simologa ka ngwaga wa 1885 kwegi ya Mopitlo.<ref>Former deputy attorney-general Tendekani Malebeswa paints a different picture: "The imposition of a protectorate in 1885 by the British was a purely unilateral act to secure their own interests, and it was not in direct response to any request made by any person in what later became Bechuanaland Protectorate. On the contrary, evidence shows that Chiefs Bathoen I of Bangwaketse and Sechele I of Bakwena were sceptical about the protection, whilst Chief Khama III of Bangwato was most receptive to the idea (Morton and Ramsay). ... Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006)." (from T. E. Malebeswa (2020): ''Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects'')</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse gone mo ngwageng o o, lefatshe la [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] kwa borwa jwa noka ya [[Noka ya Molopo|Molopo]] le ne la tsewa ke puso ya bokolone ya [[:en:British_Bechuanaland|British Bechuanaland]]. Mackenzie o ne a na le Warren , mme lokwalo lwa Austral Africa lo fa tlhaloso ya ditiragalo tse.<ref>Mackenzie, John (1887)[https://web.archive.org/web/20180412145903/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2525/ . ''Austral Africa: Losing It or Ruling It; Being Incidents and Experiences in Bechuanaland, Cape Colony, and England''.] London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. Archived from the [https://www.loc.gov/collections/world-digital-library/about-this-collection/ original] on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2014 &#x2013; via World Digital Library.</ref> Bechuanaland o ne a raya "lefatshe la Batswana" mme le ne la kgaogangwa gabedi. Kwa bokone go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le lefatshe la Bechanaland fa kwa borwa go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le kolone ya British Bechuanaland. British Bechuanaland o ne a tsenngwa mo koloneng ya [[:en:Cape_Colony|Cape Colony]] ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1895) mme janong ke bontlha bongwe jwa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff, eds. (1987). ''The Birth of Botswana: A history of the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1910 to 1966''. Gaborone, Botswana: Longman Botswana. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-00584-6|<bdi>978-0-582-00584-6</bdi>.]]</ref> Bokone jwa lefatshe e bong Bechuanaland Protectorate, bo ne bo le botona jwa 225,000 miles le palo ya batho ya dikete di le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le makgolo a supa, masome a supa le borataro. Lefelo leo le ne le nniwa ke merafe e metona ya Batswana e le meraro: [[Bangwato]], [[:en:Koena_tribe|Bakwena]] le [[:en:Bangwaketse|Bangwaketse]], ga mmogo le merafe e mebotlana jaaka [[:en:Balete_people|Balete]] le [[Bakgatla]]. Ba bangwe ba ba neng ba nna foo e ne e le ditlogolwana tsa ba ba simolotseng go nna foo e bong [[Basarwa]] le [[:en:Makalaka|Bakalaka]] ba ba neng ba gapetswe lefatshe ke Batswana ka nako ya fa go fudugelwa kwa borwa.<ref>Peters (1947), p. 1</ref> Puso ya Britain e ne e solofetse go neela lefatshe la [[:en:Company_rule_in_Rhodesia|Rhodesia]] kgotsa Aforika Borwa tsamaiso ya lefatshe, mme baganetsi ba Batswana ba tsaya tshetswo ya go sala mo tlhokomelong ya molao wa Britain go fitlhelela leaftshe le tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966). Bechuanaland Protectorate e ne lefatshe le le sireleditsweng le ikemetse e seng le le ka fa tlase ga puso ya lefatshe le lengwe. Kwa tshimologong baeteledipele ba Batswana ba ne ba neetswe nonofo mme tsamaiso ya lefatshe e neetswe sepodisi go sireletsa melelwane kgatlhanong le mafatshe a mangwe a [[:en:Europe|Europe]] a a neng a ka tsaya lefatshe a le busa. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1891), ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong a le malatsi a ferabongwe, puso ya Britain e ne ya neela tsamaiso ya lefatshe [[:en:List_of_high_commissioners_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_South_Africa|High Commissioner for South Africa]], o a neng a simolola go tlhopha babusi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>{{harvnb|Morton|Ramsay|1987|page=needed}}</ref> Lefatshe le ne le tsamaisiwa go tswa kwa Mafikeng, seo se ne se tsala seemo se se sa tlwaelegang gore toropokgolo ya lefatshe e nne kwa ntle ga lefatshe leo. Kgaolo ya Mafikeng(gotswa ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980) ene e tsentswe mo [[Bophuthatswana]] Mfikeng, ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010) ya nna [[Mahikeng|Mahikieng]]) e ne e bidiwa 'The Imperial Reserve'. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885), ha Bechunalnd a bolelwa jaaka kgaolo e e sireleditsweng, one a tshwaragane le bokone ka ditekanyo tsa mola tsa equator ka [[22° south]].Molelwane wa bokone wa lefelo le le sireleditsweng on wa okediwa ke Ba-Boritshe go ya kwa bokone go akaretsa Ngamilang, eka nako eo e neng e buswa ke Ba-Tawana ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890), kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele masome a mararo. Kgang eo, ene ya amogelwa semmuso ke lefatshe la Jeremane le le latelang ka karolo ya Boraro ya Tumalano ya Heligoland-Zanzibar, e e neng ya tlhomamisa molelwane wa bophirima wa lefelo la itshireletso la Britain la Bechunalnd le la Jeeremane la Itshireletso la Aforika Borwa-Bophirima gape le go bopa kgaolo ya Caprivi e e setseng e amogetswe ke Namibia ya segompieno. Kwa Borwa- bophirima jwa Aforika, lefelo le le laolwang ke Jeremane le tlhaloswa jana: # kwa borwa go kgaolwa ke mola o simologang kwa molomong wa Noka ya Orange o bo o ya ntlheng ya bokone jwa yone fo fitlha e kopana le mola wa bogare wa boleele wa ditekanyo ts equator wa masome a mabedi kwa botlhaba. # kotlase le ene kwa botlhabanng ka mola o o simololang kwa lefelong le le builweng pele o bo o latela bogareng jwa mola wa ntlha ya botlhabanng jwa masome a bobedi go ya kwa o kopanang le mola wa ntlha ya borwa ta bo 22°. Mola o o tswa foo o latela tekanyo e bophara jwa lefatshe goya botlhabeng go fitha o kgatlhana le mola o boleele jwa lefatshe wa degre tse di masome a mabedi le bongwe (21) botlhaba, o bo o o latela mola o wa boleele oya kwa bokone go fitlha o kgatlhana le mola wa bophara jwa lefatshee wa digre tse lesome le boferabobedi(18), mme o tsamae le mola o bophara go ya kwa botlhabeng go fitlha o kgatlhana le Noka ya Chobe.Go tswa fano e welela ko tlase go fitlha e kopana le noka ya Zambezi ko e felang teng . Go tlhaloganysesa gore tumalano e , efa lefatshe la Jeremane tetla ya go tsena ka kgololesego go tswa mo kgaolong ye e sireleditswng (protectorate) go ya kwa Zambezi ka mokgwa wa mola wa lefatshe o o seng kwa tlase ga dikilimetara dile masome a mararo le bobedi (2omiles) ka bophara ntlha nngwe le nngwe. Mafelo a a laolwang ke Great Britain a kgoreleditswe ka fa bophirima le bokone-bophirima ke mola o o builweng pele, mme a akaretsa letsha la Ngami. Badiredi ba puso yaga Mmamosadinyana ba gorogile mo kgaolong ya Ngamiland mo ngwageng wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bone (1894) Molao wa Tati Concessions Land Act wa Ferikgong a tlhola masome a mabedi le motso ka ngwaga wa sekete, makolo a robabongwe le lesome le motso (1911) one wa fetisetsa lefelo le lesha la botlhaba kwa tshireletsong. Go tswa fa noka ya Shashe e simolgang teng goya kwa thulanong ya yone le dinoka tsa Tati le Ramokgwebana , go ya ka Noka ya Ramokgwebana go ya kwa e simologang teng, mme go tswa foo go latela mogopo wa metsi wa dinoka tseo. Kgaolo eno e kile yabo ele ya Matebeleland. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1895), ba (British South Africa Company) ba ne ba leka go tsaya kgaolo eno, mme dikgosi tsa Botswana e bong Bathoen 1, Khama lll le Sebele l bane ba ya kwa Lontone go ka ngongorega mme ba atlega go thibela BSAC. Kgaolo eno gompieno ke yone kgaolo ya Bokone-Botlhaba ya Botswana. Go feta moo, lefelo la borwa jwa Bechunaland lene la amiwa thata ke bolwetsejwa leruarua jwa Aforika (bolwane) jwa dingwaga tsa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890), jo bo neng jwa senya itsholelo ya lefatshe ka nakwana. == Polotiki == Kitsiso ya tshireletso e e neng e bolelwa ke kgaolo ye ntsha ya puso yaga Mmamosadinyana Bechunaland Protectoraye ( eleng Botswana) kwa borwa, di ne di diretswe segolo bogolo go thibela mafatshe a Jeremane, Portugal , le Maburu go atolosa madbelo a bone. Go fapana le se se neng se begwa ke Warren le ba bangwe ka nako eo, gase dikgosi tsotlhe ts di neng di amegile mo tshireletsong ya Mmamosadinyana (protectorate) tse di neng di e batla. Kgosi e e neng ena le thata go di feta tsotlhe , e ne ele Kgosi Khama III, yo o neng a na le tshegetso e kgolo go tswa kwa pusong yaga Mmamosadinyana. Mme a ratiwa thata bogolo jang ke batho ba ba neng ba rera enfagedi kwa Borithane. O ne a dirisana thata le masole a Boritane, mme a thibela lefatshe la gagwe le le legolo, le le se nang batho ba bantsi gore le seka la tsenwa ke batswa kwa, go tswa Aforika Borwa. Morwa Khama , e bong Sekgoma II, yo mogolwane one a nna kgosi ya Bamangwato morago ga leso lwa ga Khama ka 1923. Morwa yo mogolo wa ga Sekgoma II o ne a bidiwa Seretse. Mo botshelong jwa gagwe, Khama one a tlogelwa ke mosadi ( a na ale motlholagadi)mme a nyala gape makgetho ale mmalwa. Mosadi mongwe , e bong Semane, o ne a nna le morwa yo o bidiwang Tshekedi. Puso yaga Sekgoma II ene ya nna ngwaga fela , mme ya tlogela morwae e bong Seretse, yo o neng a santse a le lesea ka nako eo, jaaka mojalefa yo o tshwanetsweng wa bogosi (Tshekedi one a se mo molaong wa bogosi ka ane a sa tswa mo go morwa yo mogolo waga Khama e bong Sekgoma II). Ka jalo , go ya ka ngwao, Tshekedi one a nna motshwarelela bogosi go fitlhela Seretse a gola mo a ka kgonang go tsaya bogosi. Phetisetso ya boikarabelo go tswa go Tshekedi go ya go Seretse ene ya rulaganngwa go diragala morago ga gore Seretse a boele gae a tswa dithutong tsa mlao kwa mafatsheng a sele a Boritane. Sebaka se Kgosi Tshekedi Khama a se tserenng ele motshwarelela bogosi wa Bamangwato , o gakologelwa thata ka go oketsa mephato go agela morafe dikolo tsa dithuto tse di botlana, matlo a piolokelo ya mabele, le didiba tsa metsi. o ne a lwa le puso ya ga Mmamosadinyana ka ga tsamaiso le taolo ya ga Ngwato . le go rarabolola kgaogano e kgolo ya morafe fa Serete a ne a nyala mosadi wa Lekgowa, Ruth Williams. Motswedi 65eg96fje5wito89jdja25genktfitq 52256 52255 2026-07-09T21:13:42Z Botshelo Dire 12943 ke ranotse tsbe e. wikipidea25setswana 52256 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bechuanaland''' e ne e le lefatshe mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] le le neng le le mo tshireletsong le tlhokomelo ya lefatshe la [[:en:United_Kingdom|United Kingdom]] go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robobobedi le masome a robaboedi le botlhao (1885) kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le malatsi a le masome a mararo le bongwe. Le ne la fetoga go nna [[Botswana|Republic of Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabogwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966) kgwedi ya Lwetse e le malatsi a le masome a mararo, dingwaga dile thataro morago ga phathi ya sepolotiki ya Bechunaland Democratic Party e sena go tlhomamisiwa ke Rre Seretse Khama == Ditso == Morongwa wa lotso lwa [[:en:Scottish_people|Scottish]] [[John Mackenzie (missionary)|John Mackenzie]] o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mararo le botlhano (1835) a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1899), o a neng a tsena kereke ya [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]] (LMS),<ref>McKenna, Amy (2023). [https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Mackenzie "John Mackenzie British Missionary".] ''Britannica''. Retrieved 28/09/2023</ref> a nna kwa motseng wa [[Shoshong]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro le bobedi (1862) go tsena ka wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le borataro (1876), o ne a dumela gore [[Bangwato]] le ma [[Aferika|Aforika]] a mangwe ba a neng a bereka le bone ba ne ba tshosediwa ke batho ba ba itsege e le ba lotso lwa Seburu go tswa kwa borwa. O ne a bolotsa letsholo la go simolodisa lefatshe la Bechuanaland mo tlhokomelong ya [[:en:United_Kingdom|Britain.]]<ref>Northcott, Cecil (1972). [https://www.historytoday.com/archive/john-mackenzie-and-southern-africa "John Mackenzie and Southern Africa".] ''History Today''. Retrieved 28-09-2023</ref> Mo lokwalong lwa gagwe lwa ''Austral Africa: losing it or Ruling it'', Mackenzie o ranola ditiragalo tse di bakileng go simolodisiwa ga lefatshe le la tshireletso. Ka thotloetso ya ga Mackenzie, ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885) kgwedi ya Ferikgong, palamente ya Britain e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go romela setlhopha sa masole kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] ba ya go gatelela bolaodi jwa Britain mo lefelong leo. [[:en:Charles_Warren|Sir Charles Warren]] o ne a etelela pele sesole sa batho ba le dikete di le nne go tswa kwa [[Cape Town|Cape Town.]] Morago ga go diragatsa ditumalano le magosi a mafatshe a Aforika a le mmalwa, Warren o ne a bolela fa tshireletso ya lefatshe e simologa ka ngwaga wa 1885 kwegi ya Mopitlo.<ref>Former deputy attorney-general Tendekani Malebeswa paints a different picture: "The imposition of a protectorate in 1885 by the British was a purely unilateral act to secure their own interests, and it was not in direct response to any request made by any person in what later became Bechuanaland Protectorate. On the contrary, evidence shows that Chiefs Bathoen I of Bangwaketse and Sechele I of Bakwena were sceptical about the protection, whilst Chief Khama III of Bangwato was most receptive to the idea (Morton and Ramsay). ... Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006)." (from T. E. Malebeswa (2020): ''Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects'')</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse gone mo ngwageng o o, lefatshe la [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] kwa borwa jwa noka ya [[Noka ya Molopo|Molopo]] le ne la tsewa ke puso ya bokolone ya [[:en:British_Bechuanaland|British Bechuanaland]]. Mackenzie o ne a na le Warren , mme lokwalo lwa Austral Africa lo fa tlhaloso ya ditiragalo tse.<ref>Mackenzie, John (1887)[https://web.archive.org/web/20180412145903/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2525/ . ''Austral Africa: Losing It or Ruling It; Being Incidents and Experiences in Bechuanaland, Cape Colony, and England''.] London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. Archived from the [https://www.loc.gov/collections/world-digital-library/about-this-collection/ original] on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2014 &#x2013; via World Digital Library.</ref> Bechuanaland o ne a raya "lefatshe la Batswana" mme le ne la kgaogangwa gabedi. Kwa bokone go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le lefatshe la Bechanaland fa kwa borwa go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le kolone ya British Bechuanaland. British Bechuanaland o ne a tsenngwa mo koloneng ya [[:en:Cape_Colony|Cape Colony]] ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1895) mme janong ke bontlha bongwe jwa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff, eds. (1987). ''The Birth of Botswana: A history of the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1910 to 1966''. Gaborone, Botswana: Longman Botswana. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-00584-6|<bdi>978-0-582-00584-6</bdi>.]]</ref> Bokone jwa lefatshe e bong Bechuanaland Protectorate, bo ne bo le botona jwa 225,000 miles le palo ya batho ya dikete di le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le makgolo a supa, masome a supa le borataro. Lefelo leo le ne le nniwa ke merafe e metona ya Batswana e le meraro: [[Bangwato]], [[:en:Koena_tribe|Bakwena]] le [[:en:Bangwaketse|Bangwaketse]], ga mmogo le merafe e mebotlana jaaka [[:en:Balete_people|Balete]] le [[Bakgatla]]. Ba bangwe ba ba neng ba nna foo e ne e le ditlogolwana tsa ba ba simolotseng go nna foo e bong [[Basarwa]] le [[:en:Makalaka|Bakalaka]] ba ba neng ba gapetswe lefatshe ke Batswana ka nako ya fa go fudugelwa kwa borwa.<ref>Peters (1947), p. 1</ref> Puso ya Britain e ne e solofetse go neela lefatshe la [[:en:Company_rule_in_Rhodesia|Rhodesia]] kgotsa Aforika Borwa tsamaiso ya lefatshe, mme baganetsi ba Batswana ba tsaya tshetswo ya go sala mo tlhokomelong ya molao wa Britain go fitlhelela leaftshe le tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966). Bechuanaland Protectorate e ne lefatshe le le sireleditsweng le ikemetse e seng le le ka fa tlase ga puso ya lefatshe le lengwe. Kwa tshimologong baeteledipele ba Batswana ba ne ba neetswe nonofo mme tsamaiso ya lefatshe e neetswe sepodisi go sireletsa melelwane kgatlhanong le mafatshe a mangwe a [[:en:Europe|Europe]] a a neng a ka tsaya lefatshe a le busa. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1891), ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong a le malatsi a ferabongwe, puso ya Britain e ne ya neela tsamaiso ya lefatshe [[:en:List_of_high_commissioners_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_South_Africa|High Commissioner for South Africa]], o a neng a simolola go tlhopha babusi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>{{harvnb|Morton|Ramsay|1987|page=needed}}</ref> Lefatshe le ne le tsamaisiwa go tswa kwa Mafikeng, seo se ne se tsala seemo se se sa tlwaelegang gore toropokgolo ya lefatshe e nne kwa ntle ga lefatshe leo. Kgaolo ya Mafikeng(gotswa ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980) ene e tsentswe mo [[Bophuthatswana]] Mfikeng, ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010) ya nna [[Mahikeng|Mahikieng]]) e ne e bidiwa 'The Imperial Reserve'. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885), ha Bechunalnd a bolelwa jaaka kgaolo e e sireleditsweng, one a tshwaragane le bokone ka ditekanyo tsa mola tsa equator ka [[22° south]].Molelwane wa bokone wa lefelo le le sireleditsweng on wa okediwa ke Ba-Boritshe go ya kwa bokone go akaretsa Ngamilang, eka nako eo e neng e buswa ke Ba-Tawana ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890), kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele masome a mararo. Kgang eo, ene ya amogelwa semmuso ke lefatshe la Jeremane le le latelang ka karolo ya Boraro ya Tumalano ya Heligoland-Zanzibar, e e neng ya tlhomamisa molelwane wa bophirima wa lefelo la itshireletso la Britain la Bechunalnd le la Jeeremane la Itshireletso la Aforika Borwa-Bophirima gape le go bopa kgaolo ya Caprivi e e setseng e amogetswe ke Namibia ya segompieno. Kwa Borwa- bophirima jwa Aforika, lefelo le le laolwang ke Jeremane le tlhaloswa jana: # kwa borwa go kgaolwa ke mola o simologang kwa molomong wa Noka ya Orange o bo o ya ntlheng ya bokone jwa yone fo fitlha e kopana le mola wa bogare wa boleele wa ditekanyo ts equator wa masome a mabedi kwa botlhaba. # kotlase le ene kwa botlhabanng ka mola o o simololang kwa lefelong le le builweng pele o bo o latela bogareng jwa mola wa ntlha ya botlhabanng jwa masome a bobedi go ya kwa o kopanang le mola wa ntlha ya borwa ta bo 22°. Mola o o tswa foo o latela tekanyo e bophara jwa lefatshe goya botlhabeng go fitha o kgatlhana le mola o boleele jwa lefatshe wa degre tse di masome a mabedi le bongwe (21) botlhaba, o bo o o latela mola o wa boleele oya kwa bokone go fitlha o kgatlhana le mola wa bophara jwa lefatshee wa digre tse lesome le boferabobedi(18), mme o tsamae le mola o bophara go ya kwa botlhabeng go fitlha o kgatlhana le Noka ya Chobe.Go tswa fano e welela ko tlase go fitlha e kopana le noka ya Zambezi ko e felang teng . Go tlhaloganysesa gore tumalano e , efa lefatshe la Jeremane tetla ya go tsena ka kgololesego go tswa mo kgaolong ye e sireleditswng (protectorate) go ya kwa Zambezi ka mokgwa wa mola wa lefatshe o o seng kwa tlase ga dikilimetara dile masome a mararo le bobedi (2omiles) ka bophara ntlha nngwe le nngwe. Mafelo a a laolwang ke Great Britain a kgoreleditswe ka fa bophirima le bokone-bophirima ke mola o o builweng pele, mme a akaretsa letsha la Ngami. Badiredi ba puso yaga Mmamosadinyana ba gorogile mo kgaolong ya Ngamiland mo ngwageng wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bone (1894) Molao wa Tati Concessions Land Act wa Ferikgong a tlhola masome a mabedi le motso ka ngwaga wa sekete, makolo a robabongwe le lesome le motso (1911) one wa fetisetsa lefelo le lesha la botlhaba kwa tshireletsong. Go tswa fa noka ya Shashe e simolgang teng goya kwa thulanong ya yone le dinoka tsa Tati le Ramokgwebana , go ya ka Noka ya Ramokgwebana go ya kwa e simologang teng, mme go tswa foo go latela mogopo wa metsi wa dinoka tseo. Kgaolo eno e kile yabo ele ya Matebeleland. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1895), ba (British South Africa Company) ba ne ba leka go tsaya kgaolo eno, mme dikgosi tsa Botswana e bong Bathoen 1, Khama lll le Sebele l bane ba ya kwa Lontone go ka ngongorega mme ba atlega go thibela BSAC. Kgaolo eno gompieno ke yone kgaolo ya Bokone-Botlhaba ya Botswana. Go feta moo, lefelo la borwa jwa Bechunaland lene la amiwa thata ke bolwetsejwa leruarua jwa Aforika (bolwane) jwa dingwaga tsa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890), jo bo neng jwa senya itsholelo ya lefatshe ka nakwana. == Polotiki == Kitsiso ya tshireletso e e neng e bolelwa ke kgaolo ye ntsha ya puso yaga Mmamosadinyana Bechunaland Protectoraye ( eleng Botswana) kwa borwa, di ne di diretswe segolo bogolo go thibela mafatshe a Jeremane, Portugal , le Maburu go atolosa madbelo a bone. Go fapana le se se neng se begwa ke Warren le ba bangwe ka nako eo, gase dikgosi tsotlhe ts di neng di amegile mo tshireletsong ya Mmamosadinyana (protectorate) tse di neng di e batla. Kgosi e e neng ena le thata go di feta tsotlhe , e ne ele Kgosi Khama III, yo o neng a na le tshegetso e kgolo go tswa kwa pusong yaga Mmamosadinyana. Mme a ratiwa thata bogolo jang ke batho ba ba neng ba rera enfagedi kwa Borithane. O ne a dirisana thata le masole a Boritane, mme a thibela lefatshe la gagwe le le legolo, le le se nang batho ba bantsi gore le seka la tsenwa ke batswa kwa, go tswa Aforika Borwa. Morwa Khama , e bong Sekgoma II, yo mogolwane one a nna kgosi ya Bamangwato morago ga leso lwa ga Khama ka 1923. Morwa yo mogolo wa ga Sekgoma II o ne a bidiwa Seretse. Mo botshelong jwa gagwe, Khama one a tlogelwa ke mosadi ( a na ale motlholagadi)mme a nyala gape makgetho ale mmalwa. Mosadi mongwe , e bong Semane, o ne a nna le morwa yo o bidiwang Tshekedi. Puso yaga Sekgoma II ene ya nna ngwaga fela , mme ya tlogela morwae e bong Seretse, yo o neng a santse a le lesea ka nako eo, jaaka mojalefa yo o tshwanetsweng wa bogosi (Tshekedi one a se mo molaong wa bogosi ka ane a sa tswa mo go morwa yo mogolo waga Khama e bong Sekgoma II). Ka jalo , go ya ka ngwao, Tshekedi one a nna motshwarelela bogosi go fitlhela Seretse a gola mo a ka kgonang go tsaya bogosi. Phetisetso ya boikarabelo go tswa go Tshekedi go ya go Seretse ene ya rulaganngwa go diragala morago ga gore Seretse a boele gae a tswa dithutong tsa mlao kwa mafatsheng a sele a Boritane. Sebaka se Kgosi Tshekedi Khama a se tserenng ele motshwarelela bogosi wa Bamangwato , o gakologelwa thata ka go oketsa mephato go agela morafe dikolo tsa dithuto tse di botlana, matlo a piolokelo ya mabele, le didiba tsa metsi. o ne a lwa le puso ya ga Mmamosadinyana ka ga tsamaiso le taolo ya ga Ngwato . le go rarabolola kgaogano e kgolo ya morafe fa Serete a ne a nyala mosadi wa Lekgowa, Ruth Williams. Tshekedi one ale kgatlhanong le lenyalo leo ka mabaka a gore , goya ka ngwao ya Setswana, kgosi ga e kake ya itseela tshwetso ya go nyala ka fa e ratang ka teng. Ene e le motlhanka wa morafe, bogosi jone bone bo aperwe ke kobo ye ntsho. Seretse o ne a fapaana le mafoko a bone mme a nyala Ruth, one a mo nyala jalo nako ya fa a leleketswe Britain ka ngwaga wa 1948. Megopolo ya morafe ka lenyalo e ne ya farologana ka bogare ka go latelana ga dingwaga: bagolo ba ne ba dumalana le Tshekedi, fa ba bannye bone ba ema Seretse nokeng. Kwa pheleletsong, balaodi ba ga Mmamosadinyana ba ne ba leleka banna ba babedi bano ( Tshekedi mo kgaolong ya Mmangwato, mme Seretse mo Botswana otlhe) Motswedi b8s21nfeb1rtdcdndmtdpmun7jl5gx5 52257 52256 2026-07-09T21:49:33Z Botshelo Dire 12943 ke ranotse tsebe e.#wikipidea25bw 52257 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bechuanaland''' e ne e le lefatshe mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] le le neng le le mo tshireletsong le tlhokomelo ya lefatshe la [[:en:United_Kingdom|United Kingdom]] go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robobobedi le masome a robaboedi le botlhao (1885) kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le malatsi a le masome a mararo le bongwe. Le ne la fetoga go nna [[Botswana|Republic of Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabogwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966) kgwedi ya Lwetse e le malatsi a le masome a mararo, dingwaga dile thataro morago ga phathi ya sepolotiki ya Bechunaland Democratic Party e sena go tlhomamisiwa ke Rre Seretse Khama == Ditso == Morongwa wa lotso lwa [[:en:Scottish_people|Scottish]] [[John Mackenzie (missionary)|John Mackenzie]] o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mararo le botlhano (1835) a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1899), o a neng a tsena kereke ya [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]] (LMS),<ref>McKenna, Amy (2023). [https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Mackenzie "John Mackenzie British Missionary".] ''Britannica''. Retrieved 28/09/2023</ref> a nna kwa motseng wa [[Shoshong]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro le bobedi (1862) go tsena ka wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le borataro (1876), o ne a dumela gore [[Bangwato]] le ma [[Aferika|Aforika]] a mangwe ba a neng a bereka le bone ba ne ba tshosediwa ke batho ba ba itsege e le ba lotso lwa Seburu go tswa kwa borwa. O ne a bolotsa letsholo la go simolodisa lefatshe la Bechuanaland mo tlhokomelong ya [[:en:United_Kingdom|Britain.]]<ref>Northcott, Cecil (1972). [https://www.historytoday.com/archive/john-mackenzie-and-southern-africa "John Mackenzie and Southern Africa".] ''History Today''. Retrieved 28-09-2023</ref> Mo lokwalong lwa gagwe lwa ''Austral Africa: losing it or Ruling it'', Mackenzie o ranola ditiragalo tse di bakileng go simolodisiwa ga lefatshe le la tshireletso. Ka thotloetso ya ga Mackenzie, ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885) kgwedi ya Ferikgong, palamente ya Britain e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go romela setlhopha sa masole kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] ba ya go gatelela bolaodi jwa Britain mo lefelong leo. [[:en:Charles_Warren|Sir Charles Warren]] o ne a etelela pele sesole sa batho ba le dikete di le nne go tswa kwa [[Cape Town|Cape Town.]] Morago ga go diragatsa ditumalano le magosi a mafatshe a Aforika a le mmalwa, Warren o ne a bolela fa tshireletso ya lefatshe e simologa ka ngwaga wa 1885 kwegi ya Mopitlo.<ref>Former deputy attorney-general Tendekani Malebeswa paints a different picture: "The imposition of a protectorate in 1885 by the British was a purely unilateral act to secure their own interests, and it was not in direct response to any request made by any person in what later became Bechuanaland Protectorate. On the contrary, evidence shows that Chiefs Bathoen I of Bangwaketse and Sechele I of Bakwena were sceptical about the protection, whilst Chief Khama III of Bangwato was most receptive to the idea (Morton and Ramsay). ... Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006)." (from T. E. Malebeswa (2020): ''Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects'')</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse gone mo ngwageng o o, lefatshe la [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] kwa borwa jwa noka ya [[Noka ya Molopo|Molopo]] le ne la tsewa ke puso ya bokolone ya [[:en:British_Bechuanaland|British Bechuanaland]]. Mackenzie o ne a na le Warren , mme lokwalo lwa Austral Africa lo fa tlhaloso ya ditiragalo tse.<ref>Mackenzie, John (1887)[https://web.archive.org/web/20180412145903/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2525/ . ''Austral Africa: Losing It or Ruling It; Being Incidents and Experiences in Bechuanaland, Cape Colony, and England''.] London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. Archived from the [https://www.loc.gov/collections/world-digital-library/about-this-collection/ original] on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2014 &#x2013; via World Digital Library.</ref> Bechuanaland o ne a raya "lefatshe la Batswana" mme le ne la kgaogangwa gabedi. Kwa bokone go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le lefatshe la Bechanaland fa kwa borwa go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le kolone ya British Bechuanaland. British Bechuanaland o ne a tsenngwa mo koloneng ya [[:en:Cape_Colony|Cape Colony]] ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1895) mme janong ke bontlha bongwe jwa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff, eds. (1987). ''The Birth of Botswana: A history of the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1910 to 1966''. Gaborone, Botswana: Longman Botswana. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-00584-6|<bdi>978-0-582-00584-6</bdi>.]]</ref> Bokone jwa lefatshe e bong Bechuanaland Protectorate, bo ne bo le botona jwa 225,000 miles le palo ya batho ya dikete di le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le makgolo a supa, masome a supa le borataro. Lefelo leo le ne le nniwa ke merafe e metona ya Batswana e le meraro: [[Bangwato]], [[:en:Koena_tribe|Bakwena]] le [[:en:Bangwaketse|Bangwaketse]], ga mmogo le merafe e mebotlana jaaka [[:en:Balete_people|Balete]] le [[Bakgatla]]. Ba bangwe ba ba neng ba nna foo e ne e le ditlogolwana tsa ba ba simolotseng go nna foo e bong [[Basarwa]] le [[:en:Makalaka|Bakalaka]] ba ba neng ba gapetswe lefatshe ke Batswana ka nako ya fa go fudugelwa kwa borwa.<ref>Peters (1947), p. 1</ref> Puso ya Britain e ne e solofetse go neela lefatshe la [[:en:Company_rule_in_Rhodesia|Rhodesia]] kgotsa Aforika Borwa tsamaiso ya lefatshe, mme baganetsi ba Batswana ba tsaya tshetswo ya go sala mo tlhokomelong ya molao wa Britain go fitlhelela leaftshe le tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966). Bechuanaland Protectorate e ne lefatshe le le sireleditsweng le ikemetse e seng le le ka fa tlase ga puso ya lefatshe le lengwe. Kwa tshimologong baeteledipele ba Batswana ba ne ba neetswe nonofo mme tsamaiso ya lefatshe e neetswe sepodisi go sireletsa melelwane kgatlhanong le mafatshe a mangwe a [[:en:Europe|Europe]] a a neng a ka tsaya lefatshe a le busa. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1891), ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong a le malatsi a ferabongwe, puso ya Britain e ne ya neela tsamaiso ya lefatshe [[:en:List_of_high_commissioners_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_South_Africa|High Commissioner for South Africa]], o a neng a simolola go tlhopha babusi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>{{harvnb|Morton|Ramsay|1987|page=needed}}</ref> Lefatshe le ne le tsamaisiwa go tswa kwa Mafikeng, seo se ne se tsala seemo se se sa tlwaelegang gore toropokgolo ya lefatshe e nne kwa ntle ga lefatshe leo. Kgaolo ya Mafikeng(gotswa ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980) ene e tsentswe mo [[Bophuthatswana]] Mfikeng, ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010) ya nna [[Mahikeng|Mahikieng]]) e ne e bidiwa 'The Imperial Reserve'. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885), ha Bechunalnd a bolelwa jaaka kgaolo e e sireleditsweng, one a tshwaragane le bokone ka ditekanyo tsa mola tsa equator ka [[22° south]].Molelwane wa bokone wa lefelo le le sireleditsweng on wa okediwa ke Ba-Boritshe go ya kwa bokone go akaretsa Ngamilang, eka nako eo e neng e buswa ke Ba-Tawana ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890), kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ele masome a mararo. Kgang eo, ene ya amogelwa semmuso ke lefatshe la Jeremane le le latelang ka karolo ya Boraro ya Tumalano ya Heligoland-Zanzibar, e e neng ya tlhomamisa molelwane wa bophirima wa lefelo la itshireletso la Britain la Bechunalnd le la Jeeremane la Itshireletso la Aforika Borwa-Bophirima gape le go bopa kgaolo ya Caprivi e e setseng e amogetswe ke Namibia ya segompieno. Kwa Borwa- bophirima jwa Aforika, lefelo le le laolwang ke Jeremane le tlhaloswa jana: # kwa borwa go kgaolwa ke mola o simologang kwa molomong wa Noka ya Orange o bo o ya ntlheng ya bokone jwa yone fo fitlha e kopana le mola wa bogare wa boleele wa ditekanyo ts equator wa masome a mabedi kwa botlhaba. # kotlase le ene kwa botlhabanng ka mola o o simololang kwa lefelong le le builweng pele o bo o latela bogareng jwa mola wa ntlha ya botlhabanng jwa masome a bobedi go ya kwa o kopanang le mola wa ntlha ya borwa ta bo 22°. Mola o o tswa foo o latela tekanyo e bophara jwa lefatshe goya botlhabeng go fitha o kgatlhana le mola o boleele jwa lefatshe wa degre tse di masome a mabedi le bongwe (21) botlhaba, o bo o o latela mola o wa boleele oya kwa bokone go fitlha o kgatlhana le mola wa bophara jwa lefatshee wa digre tse lesome le boferabobedi(18), mme o tsamae le mola o bophara go ya kwa botlhabeng go fitlha o kgatlhana le Noka ya Chobe.Go tswa fano e welela ko tlase go fitlha e kopana le noka ya Zambezi ko e felang teng . Go tlhaloganysesa gore tumalano e , efa lefatshe la Jeremane tetla ya go tsena ka kgololesego go tswa mo kgaolong ye e sireleditswng (protectorate) go ya kwa Zambezi ka mokgwa wa mola wa lefatshe o o seng kwa tlase ga dikilimetara dile masome a mararo le bobedi (2omiles) ka bophara ntlha nngwe le nngwe. Mafelo a a laolwang ke Great Britain a kgoreleditswe ka fa bophirima le bokone-bophirima ke mola o o builweng pele, mme a akaretsa letsha la Ngami. Badiredi ba puso yaga Mmamosadinyana ba gorogile mo kgaolong ya Ngamiland mo ngwageng wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bone (1894) Molao wa Tati Concessions Land Act wa Ferikgong a tlhola masome a mabedi le motso ka ngwaga wa sekete, makolo a robabongwe le lesome le motso (1911) one wa fetisetsa lefelo le lesha la botlhaba kwa tshireletsong. Go tswa fa noka ya Shashe e simolgang teng goya kwa thulanong ya yone le dinoka tsa Tati le Ramokgwebana , go ya ka Noka ya Ramokgwebana go ya kwa e simologang teng, mme go tswa foo go latela mogopo wa metsi wa dinoka tseo. Kgaolo eno e kile yabo ele ya Matebeleland. Ka ngwaga wa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1895), ba (British South Africa Company) ba ne ba leka go tsaya kgaolo eno, mme dikgosi tsa Botswana e bong Bathoen 1, Khama lll le Sebele l bane ba ya kwa Lontone go ka ngongorega mme ba atlega go thibela BSAC. Kgaolo eno gompieno ke yone kgaolo ya Bokone-Botlhaba ya Botswana. Go feta moo, lefelo la borwa jwa Bechunaland lene la amiwa thata ke bolwetsejwa leruarua jwa Aforika (bolwane) jwa dingwaga tsa wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890), jo bo neng jwa senya itsholelo ya lefatshe ka nakwana. == Polotiki == Kitsiso ya tshireletso e e neng e bolelwa ke kgaolo ye ntsha ya puso yaga Mmamosadinyana Bechunaland Protectoraye ( eleng Botswana) kwa borwa, di ne di diretswe segolo bogolo go thibela mafatshe a Jeremane, Portugal , le Maburu go atolosa madbelo a bone. Go fapana le se se neng se begwa ke Warren le ba bangwe ka nako eo, gase dikgosi tsotlhe ts di neng di amegile mo tshireletsong ya Mmamosadinyana (protectorate) tse di neng di e batla. Kgosi e e neng ena le thata go di feta tsotlhe , e ne ele Kgosi Khama III, yo o neng a na le tshegetso e kgolo go tswa kwa pusong yaga Mmamosadinyana. Mme a ratiwa thata bogolo jang ke batho ba ba neng ba rera enfagedi kwa Borithane. O ne a dirisana thata le masole a Boritane, mme a thibela lefatshe la gagwe le le legolo, le le se nang batho ba bantsi gore le seka la tsenwa ke batswa kwa, go tswa Aforika Borwa. Morwa Khama , e bong Sekgoma II, yo mogolwane one a nna kgosi ya Bamangwato morago ga leso lwa ga Khama ka 1923. Morwa yo mogolo wa ga Sekgoma II o ne a bidiwa Seretse. Mo botshelong jwa gagwe, Khama one a tlogelwa ke mosadi ( a na ale motlholagadi)mme a nyala gape makgetho ale mmalwa. Mosadi mongwe , e bong Semane, o ne a nna le morwa yo o bidiwang Tshekedi. Puso yaga Sekgoma II ene ya nna ngwaga fela , mme ya tlogela morwae e bong Seretse, yo o neng a santse a le lesea ka nako eo, jaaka mojalefa yo o tshwanetsweng wa bogosi (Tshekedi one a se mo molaong wa bogosi ka ane a sa tswa mo go morwa yo mogolo waga Khama e bong Sekgoma II). Ka jalo , go ya ka ngwao, Tshekedi one a nna motshwarelela bogosi go fitlhela Seretse a gola mo a ka kgonang go tsaya bogosi. Phetisetso ya boikarabelo go tswa go Tshekedi go ya go Seretse ene ya rulaganngwa go diragala morago ga gore Seretse a boele gae a tswa dithutong tsa mlao kwa mafatsheng a sele a Boritane. Sebaka se Kgosi Tshekedi Khama a se tserenng ele motshwarelela bogosi wa Bamangwato , o gakologelwa thata ka go oketsa mephato go agela morafe dikolo tsa dithuto tse di botlana, matlo a piolokelo ya mabele, le didiba tsa metsi. o ne a lwa le puso ya ga Mmamosadinyana ka ga tsamaiso le taolo ya ga Ngwato . le go rarabolola kgaogano e kgolo ya morafe fa Serete a ne a nyala mosadi wa Lekgowa, Ruth Williams. Tshekedi one ale kgatlhanong le lenyalo leo ka mabaka a gore , goya ka ngwao ya Setswana, kgosi ga e kake ya itseela tshwetso ya go nyala ka fa e ratang ka teng. Ene e le motlhanka wa morafe, bogosi jone bone bo aperwe ke kobo ye ntsho. Seretse o ne a fapaana le mafoko a bone mme a nyala Ruth, one a mo nyala jalo nako ya fa a leleketswe Britain ka ngwaga wa 1948. Megopolo ya morafe ka lenyalo e ne ya farologana ka bogare ka go latelana ga dingwaga: bagolo ba ne ba dumalana le Tshekedi, fa ba bannye bone ba ema Seretse nokeng. Kwa pheleletsong, balaodi ba ga Mmamosadinyana ba ne ba leleka banna ba babedi bano ( Tshekedi mo kgaolong ya Mmangwato, mme Seretse mo Botswana otlhe). Dikgoberego dine tsa tsoga mme batho ba bangwe ba ne ba latlhegelwa ke matshelo. Motswedi k6losfs8vbss2tqa99h62p3y9um2zhl Kgalagadi Breweries Limited 0 8938 52272 37315 2026-07-10T07:05:12Z Lucrucia98 12161 52272 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kgalagadi Breweries (Pty) Limited''' ke badiri ba bojalwa ba ba kwa [[Gaborone]], kwa lefatsheng la Botswana. Ba dira bojalwa Jwa biri ya lager, biri ya setso, metsi a a mo mabotlolong le dinotsididi ka teseletso. <ref>[http://www.bse.co.bw/listed_companies/listed.php?company=SECHABA "Sechaba Brewery Holdings Limited]". BSE. Retrieved 2014-03-06.</ref>Lefelo la go ritela le simolotse jaaka Prinz Brau, ka maina a mabedi, Prinz Brau le Prinz Deluxe. {{Infobox company|name=Kgalagadi Breweries (Pty) Limited|logo=Kgalagadi Breweries Limited logo.png|trading_name='''KBL'''|company_type=[[Private company]]|industry=[[Brewing]], Beverage|predecessor=Prinz Brau Botswana<ref>{{cite web|url=http://minetravel.co.bw/?p=1213|title=Kgalagadi Breweries celebrates 40 years of brewing excellence|date=15 May 2013|access-date=28 January 2014}}</ref>|founded={{start date and age|1970}}|revenue=[[Botswana Pula|BWP]] 1,74 billion<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sundaystandard.info/article.php?NewsID=17088 |title=Sechaba Brewery defies odds as revenues go up 11.6 percent |publisher=Sunday Standard |date=10 June 2013 |access-date=27 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410081757/http://www.sundaystandard.info/article.php?NewsID=17088 |archive-date=10 April 2015 }}</ref>|website=[http://www.sabmiller.com/about-us/where-we-operate/#q=BW&id=9033f971-2c9d-6131-b545-ff00002059a6&type=Country KBL on SABMiller]|key_people=Batlang Mmualefe - [[Chairman]] <br/> Johan de Kok - [[CEO]]|num_locations=1 Brewery,<br/> 4 Sorghum breweries,<br/> 1 Soft-drink plant.}} == Nako e e beilweng ya kgwebo == * 1960s - Botswana Breweries Limited e simolotse kwa Francistown go dira biri ya setso ya Chibuku. * 1970s - Sechaba Brewery Holdings Limited (SBHL) e tlhomiwa go nna le dipeeletso mo lephateng la dino. * 1977 - SAB e reka taolo ya tsamaiso ya KBL (40% ya seabo sa tekatekano). KBL e simolola go tsenya dikhemikale tsa Coca-Cola mo dibotlolong. * 1989 - SBHL e kwadilwe mo Botswana Stock Exchange. * 1995 - Go agiwa mogala o mosha wa go tsenya dino tse di tsididi mo mabotlolong kwa Gaborone. * 2009 - KBL e simolola St Louis Export. * 2013 - Botswana Breweries Ltd e kopantswe le KBL.<ref>[http://www.sabmiller.com/index.asp?pageid=1153 "About us - Where we operate - Africa - Botswana - Overview"]. SABMiller. Retrieved 2014-03-06</ref> == Botswana Breweries Limited == Botswana Breweries e na le dijalo di le nne kwa Lobatse, Gaborone, Palapye le Francistown. Dikuno tseno di akaretsa * biri ya setso e e seng phepa ya Chibuku, e e dirilweng ka sorghum le mmidi * Phafana (biri e e sa bonaleng) * senô se se senang bojalwa Keone Mooka Mageu Go phuthela dikumo go akaretsa lebokoso le le tlhamaletseng le le nang le sekurufu se se kwa godimo sa litara e le nngwe, lebokoso la 750ml le motswako wa metsi. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140306155503/http://www.globalvillagedirectory.info/Botswana/Gaborone/KBL-and-BBL.aspx "KBL and BBL, Kgalagadi Breweries, KBL, Botswana Breweries Limited, BBL, Brewery, SABMiller"]. Globalvillagedirectory.info. Archived from the original on 2014-03-06. Retrieved 2014-03-06.</ref> == Boikarabelo == Ditshwanelo tsa Kgalagadi Breweries Limited ke tse di ikemetseg ka nosi . Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le masome a mararo le bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012) go ne go na le dišere tse di neng di le teng mo khampaning jaaka go bontshitswe mo tafoleng e e fa tlase:<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924093308/http://www.sabmiller.com/docs/default-source/investor-documents/reports/2012/financial-reports/annual-report-sbh-2012.pdf?sfvrsn=4 "Sechaba Brewery Holdings Limited 2012 Annual Report"] (PDF). ''SAB Miller''. Sechaba Brewery Holdings Limited. December 31, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2015. Retrieved October 15, 2014.</ref> == Metswedi == dyssmkfdhxhehod3dfkx0s10g7m8gs0 Mariona Caldentey 0 9532 52284 35997 2026-07-10T08:58:02Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|name=Mariona Caldentey|image=Brann - Barça Femení CG3A5801 (cropped).jpg|caption=Caldentey with [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] in 2024|full_name=María Francesca Caldentey Oliver|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1996|3|19}}|birth_place=[[Felanitx]], Spain|height=1.64 m|position=[[Forward (association football)|Forward]]|currentclub=[[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]]|clubnumber=9|youthclubs1=[[UD Collerense|Collerense]]|clubs1=[[UD Collerense (women)|Collerense B]]|years1=2011–2012|clubs2=[[UD Collerense|Collerense]]|years2=2011–2014|caps2=68|goals2=17|clubs3=[[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]]|years3=2014–|caps3=194|goals3=70|nationalteam-update=23:43, 8 March 2024 (UTC)|club-update=23:43, 8 March 2024 (UTC)|nationalteam1=[[Spain women's national under-17 football team|Spain U17]]|nationalyears1=2013|nationalcaps1=2|nationalgoals1=1|nationalteam2=[[Spain women's national under-19 football team|Spain U19]]|nationalyears2=2014–2015|nationalcaps2=14|nationalgoals2=12|nationalteam3=[[Spain women's national under-20 football team|Spain U20]]|nationalyears3=2016|nationalcaps3=4|nationalgoals3=2|nationalteam4=[[Spain women's national football team|Spain]]|nationalyears4=2017–|nationalcaps4=68|nationalgoals4=24|medaltemplates={{Medal|Sport|Women's [[Association football|football]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{fbw|ESP}}}} {{Medal|Comp|[[FIFA Women's World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup|2023 Australia–New Zealand]]|}} {{Medal|Comp|[[UEFA Women's Nations League]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2024 UEFA Women's Nations League Finals|2024 France–Netherlands–Spain]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship]]}} {{Medal|RU|[[2014 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship|2014 England]]|}}}} '''María Francesca Caldentey Oliver''' ([https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/81/Mariona_Caldentey_Oliver_audio.mp3 listen<sup>ⓘ</sup>]; yo o tshotsweng ka Mopitlo a le lesome le boferabobedi ka 1996) yo o itsegeng ka '''Mariona Caldentey''' kana motlhofo '''Mariona,''' ke motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao ya porofeshionale wa moSpanish yo o tshamekang kwa pele mo setlhopheng sa Liga F sa [[FC Barcelona Femení|FC Barcelona]] le sa setshaba sa Spain. == Botshelo ja pele == María Francesca Caldentey Oliver o tsholetswe kwa toropong ya Mallorca ya Felanitx ele ngwana wa ga Miguel Ángel Caldentey le María Oliver. Rraagwe e ne e le mokatisi wa kgwele ya dinao fa mmaagwe e ne e le mooki ka tiro.<ref>"[http://udcollerensefem.blogspot.com/2013/07/tenemos-equipo-para-conseguir-la.html Tenemos equipo para conseguir la salvación y soñar con entrar en la Copa de la Reina - Mariona Caldentey]". ''udcollerensefem.blogspot.com''. 18 July 2013. Retrieved 20 October 2021.</ref><ref name=":0">Artigues Ribas, Maria (21 September 2020). "[https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/primera-division/2020/09/21/5f64a93f22601dea3e8b4590.html ¿Cómo que Mariano? Es Mariona]". ''marca.com''. [[:en:Marca_(newspaper)|Marca]]. Retrieved 18 October 2021.</ref><ref>Menayo, David (26 March 2021). "[https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/primera-division/2020/03/26/5e7ba513ca47410c208b45ac.html Mariona: "Lo primero que haga cuando se pueda salir es ir a un japonés a comer un buen sushi]"". ''marca.com''. [[:en:Marca_(newspaper)|Marca]]. Retrieved 18 October 2021.</ref> Gape o na le kgaitsadie yo motona mo go ene.<ref>Giovio, Eleonora (10 June 2019). "[https://elpais.com/deportes/2019/06/09/actualidad/1560080826_428178.html Mariona Caldentey, la pianista de La Roja]". ''elpais.com''. [[:en:El_País|El País]]. Retrieved 18 October 2021.</ref> Caldentey o simolotse go tshameka kgwele ya dinao a le dingwaga tse nne kwa setlhopheng sa mo gae la bone e le tiro ya gagwe ya morago ga sekolo.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Giner, Christian (7 April 2019). "[https://www.elconfidencial.com/deportes/futbol/2019-04-07/mariona-caldentey-delantera-seleccion-barcelona_1927670/ Quién es Mariona Caldentey, la 'salvadora' del Barça que creció en la calle]". ''elconfidencial''. [[:en:El_Confidencial|El Confidencial]]. Retrieved 18 October 2021.</ref> Moragonyana o ne a tshameka futsal kwa Manacor kwa a fentse bosimega jo bontsi ebile a tshameka mo spanish championships tse tharo.<ref name=":0" /> Le fa Caldentey a sa golela kwa La Masia, o na le kgolagano ya botshelo jotlhe le FC Barcelona; rraagwe o ne e le mongwe wa barotloetsi ba ''Els Tamarells'', nngwe ya ditlhopha tsa Barcelona tse ditona.<ref name=":1" /> == Tiro ya setlhopha == '''<big>Collerense</big>''' Caldentey o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya kgwele ya dinao kwa bananeng ba CD Felanitx le CD CIDE.<ref>"[https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/primera-division/2020/09/21/5f64a93f22601dea3e8b4590.html ¿Cómo que Mariano? Es Mariona]". ''MARCA'' (in Spanish). 21 September 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2023.</ref> pele ga a ka kgona go tshameka mo setlhopheng sa basadibotlhe lantlha a le dingwaga tse lesome le bone kwa UD Collerense. Caldentey o gotse go ralala maemo a thulaganyo ya banana ba UD Collerense. '''<big>Barcelona</big>''' Ka Phukwi a le masome a mararo ka 2014, Caldentey a saena le Barcelona morago ga go atlega ga gagwe kwa European Championship ya 2019.<ref>"[https://www.ultimahora.es/deportes/futbol/2014/07/30/129830/bar-hace-oficial-fichaje-mallorquina-mariona-caldentey.html El Barça hace oficial el fichaje de la mallorquina Mariona Caldentey]". 30 July 2014. Retrieved 28 December 2019.</ref> Go ralala setlha sa 2014–2015 o ne a dira tshameko ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Copa de la Reina mo di quarterfinaleng tsa kgaisano ya 2015 ebile a nosa mo phenyong ya dino tse nne go lefela kgatlhanong le Levante. Barcelona e ne ya tswa mo kgaisanong eo mo legatong le le latelang kgatlhanong le Valencia. == Tsa boditshabatshaba == '''<big>Bonana</big>''' Caldentey a iponna maemo a boraro kwa U17 European Championships ya 2013 a emetse Spain. Mo sekamakgaolakgang a kgaisano, a nosa penaliti mo tlhagon kgatlhanong le Sweden mme ba felela ba latlhegelwa motshameko oo morago ga gore tlhago e felele ka dino tse tlhano go tse nne mo tshiamelong ya Sweden.<ref>"[https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2011885--spain-vs-sweden/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2013%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000325%2Fmatch%3D2011885%2Findex Spain-Sweden - Women's Under-17 - UEFA.com]". 25 June 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2019.</ref> Mo motshamekong wa go bata maemo a boraro, Caldentey a kapotena setlhopha seo ebile a nosa mo motsotsong wa bo masome a mane le bobedi mo kgatampolong ya Belgium ka dino tse nne go lefela.<ref>"[https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2012712--belgium-vs-spain/lineups/?iv=true Belgium-Spain - Line-ups - Women's Under-17 - UEFA.com]". 28 June 2013. Retrieved 28 December 2019.</ref> O ne a bona katlego e ntsi kwa U19 European Championship ka 2014. Caldentey o ne a simolola motshameko mongwe le mongwe mo kgaisanong eo, ga mmogo le go nosa nno ya ntlha mo motshamekong wa sekamakgaolakgang kgatlhanong le Norway.<ref>"[https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2014265--norway-vs-spain/postmatch/report/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder19%2Fseason%3D2014%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000420%2Fmatch%3D2014265%2Fpostmatch%2Freport%2Findex Women's Under-19 - Norway-Spain - Spain edge past hosts Norway and into final]". 24 July 2014. Retrieved 28 December 2019.</ref> O ne a simolola mo makgaolakganyeng fa Spain e latlhegelwa kgatlhanong le Netherlands ka nno ya ga [[Vivianne Miedema]] mo motsotsong wa masome mabedi le bongwe.<ref>"[https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2014267--spain-vs-netherlands/postmatch/report/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder19%2Fseason%3D2014%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000422%2Fmatch%3D2014267%2Fpostmatch%2Freport%2Findex Women's Under-19 - Spain-Netherlands - Netherlands edge Spain to take maiden title]". 27 July 2014. Retrieved 28 December 2019.</ref> Caldentey o ne a tsaa karolo mo sejaneng sa lefatshe sa U20 ka 2016 kwa a neng a nosa gabedi mo legatong la ditlhophana kgatlhanong le Canada le Japane. Spain e ne ya ntshiwa ka nako e e okeditsweng mo quarter-finaleng kgatlhanong le ba ba feletseng e nna ditshimega ba North Korea.<ref>Menayo, David (24 November 2016). "[https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2016/11/24/5835c9f0268e3e3c558b45f7.html Corea del Norte acaba con el sueño de España en el Mundial Sub'20]". MARCA. Retrieved 29 December 2019.</ref> Nno ya gagwe kgatlhanong le Canada e ne ya bidiwa nno ya kgaisano.<ref>"[https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20161214/412612489512/mariona-caldentey-mejor-gol-mundial-sub-20.html La azulgrana Mariona Caldentey, mejor gol del Mundial Sub'20]". 14 December 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2019.</ref> '''<big>Bogolo</big>''' Ka 2017 Caldentey a iponna tshameko ya gagwe ya ntlha ya setlhopha sa setshaba se segolo fa Jorge Vilda a mmitsa kwa setlhopheng sa Spain kwa metshamekong ya botsalano kgatlhanong Switzerland.<ref>Villarrubia, Begona (11 January 2017). "[http://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20170111/413251911846/nueve-del-barca-convocadas-por-la-seleccion-espanola.html Nueve del Barça, convocadas por la selección española]". Mundo Deportivo. Retrieved 14 January 2017.</ref><ref>"[http://www.futbolbalear.es/2017/01/11/virginia-torrecillamariona-caldenteny-y-patri-guijarro-convocadas-con-la-seleccion-espanola-absoluta/ Virginia Torrecilla, Mariona Caldenteny y Patri Guijarro convocadas con la Selección Española Absoluta]". Futbol Balear. 11 January 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017.</ref><ref>Menayo, David (17 January 2017). "[https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/01/15/587b53a746163f87208b4575.html Esther Sullastres y Alexandra López entran en la lista para medirse a Suiza]". MARCA. Retrieved 29 December 2019.</ref> Dikgwedi tse pedi moragonyana o ne a dira iponagatso ya gagwe ya ntlha kwa Algarve Cup kgatlhanong le Japane, a tsena mo motsotsong wa masome a supa le boraro a ema leemo Amanda Sampedro.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230605042541/https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-espana-se-exhibe-japon-su-debut-algarvecup-1-2?platform=hootsuite CRÓNICA - España se exhibe ante Japón en su debut en la #AlgarveCup (1-2)]". RFEF. 1 March 2017. Archived from [https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-espana-se-exhibe-japon-su-debut-algarvecup-1-2?platform=hootsuite the original] on 5 June 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2019.</ref><ref>Menayo, David (1 March 2017). "[https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2017/03/01/58b6de54ca47417e7e8b45a9.html España debuta en la Copa Algarve con una trabajada victoria ante Japón]". MARCA. Retrieved 29 December 2019.</ref> Spain e ne ya ya kwa makgaolakgannyeng kgatlhanong le Canada mme ba fenya kgaisano eo, ba a fa Canldentey bommampodi ja gagwe ja boditshabatshaba. Caldentey o nositse nno ya gagwe ya boditshabatshaba kgatlhanong le Belgium mo motshamekong wa botsalano.<ref>"[https://www.worldfootball.net/report/frauen-freundschaft-2017-juni-spanien-belgien/ Spain - Belgium 7:0 (Women Friendlies 2017, June)]". 30 June 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2019.</ref> O ne a biletswa kwa setlhopheng sa Euro 2017. Caldentey o ne a simolola metshameko e le mebedi mo legatong la ditlhophana-phenyo kgatlhanong le Portugal le tatlhegelo kgatlhanang le Scotland.<ref>"[https://www.uefa.com/womenseuro/season=2017/matches/round=2000623/match=2020901/postmatch/index.html UEFA Women's EURO 2017 - History - Spain-Portugal--UEFA.com]". UEFA. 19 July 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2019.</ref><ref>"[https://www.uefa.com/womenseuro/match/2020917--scotland-vs-spain/ Scotland-Spain - UEFA Women's EURO - UEFA.com]". UEFA. 27 July 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2019.</ref> Morago ga Spain e iponela patlha kwa legatong la mantshano ka ntata ya rekote ya tekatekanyo, a simolola motshameko wa quarter-finale kgatlhanong le Austria mme a emisediwa mo motsotsong wa masome a matlhano le borataro. Spain e ne ya tswa mo kgaisanong eo morago ga tlhago ya di penaliti.<ref>"[https://www.marca.com/futbol/europeo-femenino-/2017/07/30/597dfb8246163fb81c8b45a5.html Así vivimos la eliminación de España en los penaltis]". MARCA. 30 July 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2019.</ref> Ka 2019, Caldentey o ne a bitswa go ya go emela Spain kwa Algarve Cup ya 2019 kwa Spain e neng ya fetsa mo maemong a bosupa. O ne gape a biletswa kwa setlhopheng sa Spain sa sejana sa lefatshe sa 2019. O simolotse motshameko mongwe le mongwe mo legatong la ditlhophana la kgaisano eo kwa Spain e neng ya bona dintlha tse nne babo ba fetela kwa legatong la ba bofelo ba ba lesome le borataro e le lantlha mo ditsong tsa bone.<ref>"[https://www.worldfootball.net/report/frauen-wm-2019-frankreich-gruppe-b-spanien-suedafrika/ Spain - South Africa 3:1 (Women World Cup 2019 France, Group B)]". 8 June 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.</ref><ref>"[https://www.worldfootball.net/report/frauen-wm-2019-frankreich-gruppe-b-deutschland-spanien/ Germany - Spain 1:0 (Women World Cup 2019 France, Group B)]". 12 June 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.</ref><ref>"[https://www.worldfootball.net/report/frauen-wm-2019-frankreich-gruppe-b-china-spanien/ China - Spain 0:0 (Women World Cup 2019 France, Group B)]". 17 June 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.</ref> Mo motshamekong wa legato la ba bofelo ba ba lesome le borataro, a tsena mo motsotsong wa bo masome a ferabongwe le boraro a emela Virginia Torrecilla mme Spain ya fela e latlhegelwa kgatlhanong le ba ba feletseng e nna bommampodi, Amerika.<ref>"[https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/06/world-cup-2019-uswnt-vs-spain-match-report-stats-standings-bracket USA ADVANCES TO 2019 WORLD CUP QUARTERFINALS WITH 2-1 TRIUMPH VS. SPAIN]". USSoccer. 24 June 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019.</ref> O ne a le mo go ba ''Las 15,'' setlhophana sa batshameki ba ba neng ba re ga ba nne teng mo go ka tlhophiwa mo go tsa boditshabatshaba ka Lwetse wa 2022 ka ntata ya go seke go itumelele mokatisimogolo Jorge Vilda, mme o ne a nna mongwe wa ba bararo ba ba neng ba tlhophiwa mo setlhopheng sa kgaisano mo dikgweding tse di ferangbongwe moragonyana.<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/asifburhan/2023/06/12/jorge-vilda-recalls-players-who-resigned-back-into-his-spanish-world-cup-squad/ Jorge Vilda Recalls Players Who Resigned Back Into His Spanish World Cup Squad], Asif Burhan, Forbes, June 12, 2023</ref><ref>[https://www.thesportsman.com/articles/spain-v-sweden-las-15-3-an-international-team-in-chaos-and-lonely-jorge-vilda Spain v Sweden: Las 15+3, An International Team In Chaos And Lonely Jorge Vilda], Simon Lillicrap, The Sportsman, 14 August 2023</ref> O ne a le mo lenaaneng la ba ba simololang kwa makgaolakgang a sejana sa lefatshe sa 2023 kwa Spain e neng ya fenya Enyelane ka nno ele nngwe go lefela go fenya sejana seo e le lantlha. == Dipalopalo tsa tiro == === Setlhopha === : ''Esale ka motshameko o o tshamekilweng ka Mopitlo a supa ka 2024'' {| class="wikitable" |+Iponagatso le dino go ya ka setlhopha, setlha le kgaisano ! rowspan="2" |Setlhopha ! rowspan="2" |Setlha ! colspan="3" |Liki ! colspan="2" |National cup ! colspan="2" |UWCL ! colspan="2" |Tse dingwe ! colspan="2" |Palogotlhe |- !Letlhakore !Iponagatso !Dino !Iponagatso !Dino !Iponagatso !Dino !Iponagatso !Dino !Iponagatso !Dino |- | rowspan="5" |Collerense |2010–11 |Superliga Femenina |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |2 |0 |- |2011–12 | rowspan="3" |Primera División |21 |2 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |21 |2 |- |2012–13 |22 |7 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |22 |7 |- |2013–14 |24 |8 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |24 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Palogotlhe !68 !17 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |– ! colspan="2" |– !69 !17 |- | rowspan="11" |Barcelona |2014–15 | rowspan="10" |Primera División |26 |11 |2 |1 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |– |31 |12 |- |2015–16 |13 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |– |13 |2 |- |2016–17 |18 |3 |3 |0 |4 |1 | colspan="2" |– |25 |4 |- |2017–18 |14 |8 |4 |2 |5 |3 | colspan="2" |– |23 |13 |- |2018–19 |20 |9 |1 |0 |7 |2 | colspan="2" |– |28 |11 |- |2019–20 |17 |6 |4 |0 |6 |1 |2 |0 |29 |7 |- |2020–21 |34 |13 |3 |2 |9 |2 |1 |0 |47 |17 |- |2021–22 |15 |6 |2 |1 |7 |1 |0 |0 |24 |8 |- |2022–23 |19 |6 |1 |1 |8 |4 |2 |1 |30 |12 |- |2023–24 |18 |6 |3 |3 |6 |2 |2 |2 |29 |13 |- ! colspan="2" |Palogotlhe !194 !70 !23 !10 !55 !16 !7 !3 !279 !99 |- ! colspan="3" |Palogotlhe ya tiro !262 !87 !24 !10 !55 !16 !7 !3 !348 ! |} === Tsa boditshabatshaba === {| class="wikitable" |+Iponagatso le dino go ya ka setlhopha sa setshaba le ngwaga !Setlhopha sa setshaba !Ngwaga !Iponagatso !Dino |- | rowspan="8" |Spain |2017 |11 |2 |- |2018 |2 |0 |- |2019 |16 |1 |- |2020 |6 |4 |- |2021 |11 |10 |- |2022 |8 |2 |- |2023 |12 |4 |- |2024 |2 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Palogotlhe !68 !24 |} : ''Lenaane la dino le maduo a Spain pele,karolo ya dino e supa dino morago ga nno nngwe le nngwe ya ga Caldentey.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Lenaane la dino tsa bo ditshabatshaba tse di nositsweng ke Mariona Caldentey !No. !Letsatsi !Lefelo !Moganetsi !Dino !Maduo !Kgaisano |- |1 |30 June 2017 |Pinatar Arena, San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain |Belgium |4–0 |7–0 |motshameko wa botsalano |- |2 |18 September 2017 |Stade de l'Épopée, Calais, France |France |1–2 |1–3 |motshameko wa botsalano |- |3 |8 October 2019 |Ďolíček, Prague, Czech Republic |Czech Republic |2–0 |5–1 |UEFA Women's Euro 2022 qualifying |- |4 | rowspan="3" |19 September 2020 | rowspan="3" |Zimbru Stadium, Chișinău, Moldova | rowspan="3" |Moldova |3–0 | rowspan="3" |9–0 | rowspan="3" |UEFA Women's Euro 2022 qualifying |- |5 |7–0 |- |6 |9–0 |- |7 |27 November 2020 |La Ciudad del Fútbol, Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain |Moldova |4–0 |10–0 |UEFA Women's Euro 2022 qualifying |- |8 |18 February 2021 |ASK Arena, Baku, Azerbaijan |Azerbaijan |7–0 |13–0 |UEFA Women's Euro 2022 qualifying |- |9 |10 June 2021 |Estadio Municipal de Santo Domingo, Alcorcón, Spain |Belgium |1-0 |3–0 |motshameko wa botsalano |- |10 |16 September 2021 |Tórsvøllur, Tórshavn, Faroes |Faroe Islands |9–0 |10–1 |2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification |- |11 | rowspan="2" |21 September 2021 | rowspan="2" |Hidegkuti Nándor Stadion, Budapest, Hungary | rowspan="2" |Hungary |3–0 | rowspan="2" |7–0 | rowspan="2" |2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification |- |12 |7–0 |- |13 | rowspan="3" |25 November 2021 | rowspan="3" |Estadio de La Cartuja, Seville, Spain | rowspan="3" |Faroe Islands |4–0 | rowspan="3" |12–0 | rowspan="3" |2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification |- |14 |8–0 |- |15 |9–0 |- |16 | rowspan="2" |30 November 2021 | rowspan="2" |Estadio de La Cartuja, Seville, Spain | rowspan="2" |Scotland |2–0 | rowspan="2" |8–0 | rowspan="2" |2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification |- |17 |8–0 |- |18 |25 June 2022 |Nuevo Colombino, Huelva, Spain |Australia |2–0 |7–0 |motshameko wa botsalano |- |19 |8 July 2022 |Stadium MK, Milton Keynes, England |Finland |4–1 |4–1 |UEFA Women's Euro 2022 |- |20 |11 August 2023 |Wellington Regional Stadium, Wellington, New Zealand |Netherlands |1–0 |2–1 |2023 FIFA Women's World Cup |- |21 |22 September 2023 |Gamla Ullevi, Göteborg, Sweden |Sweden |2–3 |2–3 | rowspan="3" |2023–24 UEFA Women's Nations League |- |22 | rowspan="2" |5 December 2023 | rowspan="2" |La Rosaleda Stadium, Málaga, Spain | rowspan="2" |Sweden |3–3 | rowspan="2" |5–3 |- |23 |5–3 |- |24 |23 February 2024 |Estadio de La Cartuja, Seville, Spain |France |2–0 |2–0 |2024 UEFA Women's Nations League Finals |- |25 |9 April 2024 |Estadio El Plantío, Burgos, Spain |Czech Republic |3–1 |3–1 |UEFA Women's Euro 2025 qualifying |} == Ditlotla == '''Barcelona''' * Primera División: 2014–15, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24 * UEFA Women's Champions League: 2020–21,<ref>"[https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/match/2030666--chelsea-vs-barcelona/postmatch/report/ Chelsea 0-4 Barcelona: Barça surge to first Women's Champions League title]". ''UEFA.com''. 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.</ref> 2022–23,<ref>Wrack, Suzanne (3 June 2023). "[https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jun/03/barcelona-wolfsburg-womens-champions-league-final Rolfö caps Barcelona comeback against Wolfsburg to win thrilling WCL final]". ''The Guardian''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [[issn:0029-7712|0029-7712]]. Retrieved 7 June 2023.</ref> 2023–24<ref>"[https://edition.cnn.com/2024/05/25/sport/barcelona-lyon-womens-champions-league-2024-spt-intl/index.html Barcelona retains Women's Champions League title, completing historic quadruple]". ''[[:en:CNN|CNN]]''. 25 May 2024. Retrieved 25 May 2024.</ref> * Copa de la Reina de Fútbol: 2017, 2018, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2023–24 * Supercopa Femenina: 2019–20, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24 * Copa Catalunya: 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 '''Spain''' * FIFA Women's World Cup: 2023 * UEFA Women's Nations League: 2023–24<ref>"[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/68430599 Women's Nations League final: World Cup winners Spain beat France 2–0 in Seville]". ''BBC Sport''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 28 February 2024.</ref> * UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship: maemo a bobedi 2014 * Algarve Cup: 2017 '''Tsa gagwe''' * IFFHS Women's UEFA Team: 2023<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20240124183258/https://iffhs.com/posts/3342 IFFHS WOMEN'S UEFA TEAM 2023]". ''IFFHS''. 23 January 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.</ref> == Metswedi == 2007zc6pga44a1kjpoyx9efcsvxevjg Olga Carmona 0 9636 52308 44960 2026-07-10T11:35:51Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|name=Olga Carmona|image=Olga Carmona 2020 04.png|caption=Carmona in 2020|full_name=Olga Carmona García|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=yes|2000|6|12}}|birth_place=[[Seville]], Spain|height=1.59 m|position=[[Left back]], [[Midfielder#Winger|winger]], [[Wing-back (association football)|wing-back]]|currentclub=[[Real Madrid Femenino|Real Madrid]]|clubnumber=7|youthclubs1=Sevilla Este|clubs1=[[Sevilla FC (women)|Sevilla]]|youthyears1=2006–2007|youthclubs2=[[Sevilla FC (women)|Sevilla]]|youthyears2=2007–2017|years1=2017–2020|caps1=75|goals1=7|clubs2=[[Real Madrid Femenino|Real Madrid]]|years2=2020–|caps2=100|goals2=15|medaltemplates={{Medal|Sport|[[Women's association football|Women's football]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{fbw|ESP}}}} {{Medal|Comp|[[FIFA Women's World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup|2023 Australia–New Zealand]]|}} {{Medal|Comp|[[UEFA Women's Nations League]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2024 UEFA Women's Nations League Finals|2024 France–Netherlands–Spain]]|}} {{Medal|Comp|[[UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2018 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship|2018 Switzerland]]|}}|nationalteam-update=19:30, 9 March 2024 (UTC)|club-update=19:30, 9 March 2024 (UTC)|nationalteam1=[[Spain women's national under-19 football team|Spain U19]]|nationalyears1=2017–2019|nationalcaps1=18|nationalgoals1=7|nationalteam2=[[Spain women's national under-23 football team|Spain U23]]|nationalyears2=2021|nationalcaps2=2|nationalgoals2=0|nationalteam3=[[Spain women's national football team|Spain]]|nationalyears3=2021–|nationalcaps3=38|nationalgoals3=3}} '''Olga Carmona García''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le bobedi ka 2000) ke motshameki wa Spain wa kgwele ya dinao e e porofeshionale yo o tshamekang kwa morago mo molemeng a tshamekela setlhopha sa Liga F sa [[Real Madrid Femenino|Real Madrid]] le setlhopha sa setshaba sa Spain. O kile a tshamekela Sevilla pele ga a ya kwa setlhopheng sa Madrid. Ke mothuusa mokapotene wa Real Madrid ebile ke mokapotene wa boraro wa setlhopha sa setshaba sa Spain. O tumile ka go kapotena setlhopha sa Spain go ya kwa phenyong ya bone ya ntlha ya sejana sa lefatse ka 2023. == Tiro ya setlhopha == A tsholetswe kwa Seville, Andalusia, Carmona o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya kgwele ya dinao a le dingwaga tse thataro le Sevilla Este.<ref>"[https://as.com/futbol/2018/04/16/mas_futbol/1523874593_639244.html Olga Carmona: el futuro del Sevilla femenino]" [Olga Carmona: the future of Sevilla Women's] (in Spanish). Diario AS. 14 December 2019. Retrieved 14 December 2019.</ref> Mo motshamekong wa ga Carmona wa setlha sa ntlha se se porofeshionale, o ne a nna le seabe sa dino tse tlhano mo metshamekong e le masome mabedi le botlhano jaaka Sevilla e fetsa mo maemong a lesome le bobedi.<ref>"[https://www.elcornerdelsur.com/olga-carmona-cinco-goles-esta-campana-sevilla-fc-femenino/ Olga Carmona, cinco goles esta campaña con el Sevilla FC Femenino]" [Olga Carmona, five goals this season with Sevilla FC Femenino] (in Spanish). El Corner de Sur. 29 April 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2019</ref> Ka 2007 o ne a ya kwa setlhopheng sa banana sa Sevilla FC kwa a neng a ya go nna dingwaga tse di ferangbongwe. Mo setlheng sa 2016–17 Carmona a tsena mo setlhopheng sa ntlha se se neng se tshameka mo Segunda División lephatla la bobedi la Spain ka nako eo. O ne a kgona le setlhopha sa gagwe mo setlheng sa ntlha go tlhatlosetswa kwa Primera División. Fa setlhopha se se felela kwa tlase fa gare ga tafole ya liki mo ditlheng tse tharo tse di latelang, Carmona o ne a goroga kwa sekamakgaolakgang a dikopi tsotlhe tsa bobedi tsa mo gae ka 2018–19 le 2019–20 kwa Sevilla e neng ya fenngwa ke ba ba neng ba fella ba fenya eleng Real Sociedad le [[FC Barcelona Femení|FC Barcelona]]. Ka selemo sa 2020, Carmona a saena le setlhopha sa letlhakore la bomme se se neng se le sesha go tlhamiwa sa [[Real Madrid Femenino|Real Madrid]].<ref>"[https://as.com/futbol/2020/06/30/femenino/1593529880_729906.html La perla sevillana Olga Carmona fichará por el Real Madrid]". ''Diario AS'' (in Spanish). 30 June 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2023.</ref> == Tiro ya boditshabatshaba == Carmona o fentse European Championship ya 2018 le setlhopha sa setshaba sa U-19 ba betsa Jeremane ka nno go lefela kwa makgaolakgang. Ene ka bo ene o ne a nna le seabe sa dino di le nne mo metshamekong e le lesome mo go ipatleleng phatlha le kwa makgaolakgang go fenya sekgele. Ngwaga moragonyana, o ne gape a na le U-19 kwa makgaolakgang a European Championship kwa setlhopha sa gagwe se neng sa latlhegelwa ka nno go tse tharo kgatlhanong le France kwa sekamakgaolakgang, morago ga nako e e okeditsweng.<ref>[https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2027478--france-vs-spain/ "France-Spain line-ups | Women's Under-19 2019]". ''UEFA.com''. Retrieved 18 September 2023.</ref> Ka Moranang a le lesome le boraro ka 2021, Carmona a dira tshameko ya gagwe ya ntlha ya setlhopha se segolo mo motshamekong wa botsalano kgatlhanong le Mexico.<ref>EFE • •, Por (20 August 2023). "[https://www.telemundodallas.com/deportes/copa-mundial-fifa/espana-olga-carmona-copa-mundial-femenina-2023/2365892/ Quién es Olga Carmona, la jugadora que le dio la victoria a España en Copa Mundial Femenina 2023]". ''Telemundo Dallas (39)'' (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 September 2023.</ref> '''<big>FIFA Women's World Cup 2023</big>''' Ka 2023 a le dingwaga tse masome a mabedi le boraro, Carmona a nna le seabe sa botlhokwa mo phenyong ya Spain<ref>Witney, Lee (27 August 2023). "[https://herfootballhub.com/who-are-the-player-who-won-the-world-cup-with-spain/ Who are the players who won the World Cup with Spain?]". ''Her Football Hub''. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> mo sejaneng sa lefatshe, kgabagare a tlhophiwa e le mokapotene wa setlhopha sa Spain mo sekamakgaolakgang le makgaolakgang a setlhopha abo a nosa dino tsa botlhokwa mo mongwe le mongwe wa metshameko e mebedi eo.<ref>"[https://www.revistavanityfair.es/articulos/olga-carmona-seleccion-femenina-futbol-final-mundial Olga Carmona, la flamenca que ha metido a España en la final del Mundial]". ''Vanity Fair'' (in European Spanish). 15 August 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.</ref><ref>"[https://www.ondacero.es/deportes/futbol/quien-olga-carmona-jugadora-que-marcado-gol-que-dado-espana-primer-mundial-femenino_2023082064e214e55df8e30001d9b44f.html Quién es Olga Carmona, la jugadora que ha marcado el gol que ha dado a España su primer Mundial Femenino | Onda Cero Radio]". ''www.ondacero.es'' (in Spanish). 20 August 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.</ref><ref>Nowakowski, Wojciech (27 August 2023). "[https://herfootballhub.com/spain-womens-world-cup-jorge-vilda-luis-rubiales/ Spain's World Cup triumph: A win for Vilda and Rubiales, not the players]". ''Her Football Hub''. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> Mo sekamakgaolakgang kgatlhanong le Sweden ka Phatlwe a le lesome le botlhano, Carmona a thusa setlhopha sa gagwe go bona phenyo ya dino tse pedi go e le nngwe fa a nosa nno ya botlhokwa go tswa kwa tlhagong e e tlhamaletseng e telele.<ref>Harris, Daniel (15 August 2023). "[https://www.eurosport.com/football/women-s-world-cup/2023/spain-v-sweden-women-s-world-cup-semi-final_sto9743555/story.shtml Spain 2–1 Sweden: Olga Carmona Stunner Sees La Roja into First-Ever Women's World Cup Final After Goal-Laden Finale]". [[:en:Eurosport|Eurosport]]. Retrieved 20 August 2023.</ref> Malatsi a matlhano moragonyana, mo motsotsong wa bo masome a mabedi le boferabongwe wa makgaolakgang kgatlhanong le Enyelane, a nosa nno e le nosi jaaka Spain e ne e ya go fenya ka nno go lefela go gapa sejana.<ref>"[https://www.foxsports.com/watch/play-696cc8b42000102 Spain's Olga Carmona scores goal vs. England in 29']" (video). [[:en:Fox_Sports|Fox Sports]]. 20 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.</ref> Carmona o ne a bidiwa e le motshameki wa motshameko mo makgaolakgannyeng.<ref>"[https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/australia-new-zealand2023/articles/spain-england-womens-world-cup-final-match-report Spain 1-0 England match report]". [[:en:FIFA|FIFA]]. 20 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.</ref> Ka Phalane wa 2023, Carmona o ne a rurifadiwa ele karolo ya boeteledipele le bokapotene ja setlhopha.<ref>Chavala, Laura Busto (26 October 2023). "[https://herfootballhub.com/olga-carmona-becomes-spains-third-captain/ Olga Carmona becomes Spain captain over Bonmati and Mariona]". ''Her Football Hub''. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Botshelo ja gagwe == Kgaitsadie Carmona yo motona mo go ene, Fran Carmona ke motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao ebile o tshameka kwa morago mo setlhopheng sa CD Teruel.<ref>"[https://www.cartv.es/aragondeporte/nuestro-deporte/fran-carmona-primera-renovacion-del-cd-teruel Fran Carmona, primera renovación del CD Teruel]". ''CARTV'' (in European Spanish). 29 May 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.</ref> Fa a gola, batsadi ba ga Carmoona ba ne ba gatelela gore a seka a tshameka kgwele ya dinao mme ba mo laolela ka fa go thumeng, thenese le mmino wa flamenco; ba feletse ba itlhoboga fa a sa kgone go fetola mogopolo wa gagwe.<ref>"[https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/australia-new-zealand2023/articles/olga-interview-spain-womens-world-cup-final-2023 Olga: Reaching a final was unthinkable a few years ago]". ''[[:en:FIFA.com|FIFA.com]]''. 17 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.</ref> Rraagwe Carmona o ne a tlhokafala morago ga go lwala ka lebaka, malatsi a le mabedi pele ga makgaolakgang a sejana sa lefatshe sa 2023 se mo go sone a neng a nosa nno ya phenyo. Mmaagwe le bokgaitsadie ba ne ba le kwa Australia go mo lebelelaa tshameka mme o utlwile ka loso la ga rraagwe morago ga go keteka phenyo ya Spain.<ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/spains-world-cup-hero-carmona-learns-fathers-death-after-final-2023-08-20/ Spain's World Cup hero Carmona learns of father's death after final]". ''[[:en:Reuters|Reuters]]''. 20 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.</ref><ref>"[https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66566564 Olga Carmona told after Women's World Cup final that father has died]". ''BBC Sport''. 20 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.</ref> E sale ka 2023, fa godimo ga maikarabelo a gagwe a porofeshionale kwa Real Madrid, Carmona o mo thulaganyong ya go fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe tsa digrata tse di kwa tlase tsa Physical Activity le Maranyane a Metshameko.<ref>Leveridge, Sam (21 August 2023). "[https://www.forbes.com/sites/samleveridge/2023/08/21/from-flamenco-dancing-to-world-champion-spain-hero-olga-carmonas-unorthodox-journey-to-the-top/?sh=781a2060816e From Flamenco Dancing To World Champion: Spain Hero Olga Carmona's Unorthodox Journey To The Top]". ''Forbes.com''. Retrieved 26 August 2023.</ref> == Dipalopalo tsa tiro == === Setlhopha === : ''E sale ka motshameko o o tshamekilweng ka Mopitlo a ferabongwe ka 2024''<ref>"[https://fbref.com/en/players/830c134a/nat_tm/Olga-Carmona-National-Team-Stats Olga Carmona National Team Stats, Goals, Records]". ''FBRef''. Retrieved 19 October 2023.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Iponagatso le dino go ya ka setlhopha, setlha le kgaisano ! rowspan="2" |Setlhopha ! rowspan="2" |Setlha ! colspan="3" |Liki ! colspan="2" |National cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Tse dingwe ! colspan="2" |Palogotlhe |- !Lekala !Iponagatso !Dino !Iponagatso !Dino !Iponagatso !Dino !Iponagatso !Dino !Iponagatso !Dino |- | rowspan="4" |Sevilla |2017–18 |Primera División |25 |5 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |25 |5 |- |2018–19 |Primera División |30 |2 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |33 |2 |- |2019–20 |Primera División |20 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Palogotlhe !75 !7 !5 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !80 !7 |- | rowspan="5" |Real Madrid |2020–21 |Primera División |28 |5 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |29 |5 |- |2021–22 |Primera División |28 |2 |3 |1 |8 |3 |1 |0 |40 |6 |- |2022–23 |Liga F |26 |3 |4 |0 |8 |1 |1 |0 |39 |4 |- |2023–24 |Liga F |18 |5 |1 |0 |7 |2 |1 |0 |27 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Palogotlhe !100 !15 !9 !1 !23 !6 !3 !0 !135 !22 |- ! colspan="3" |Palogotlhe ya tiro !175 !22 !14 !1 !23 !6 !3 !0 !215 !29 |} === Tsa boditshabatshaba === : ''E sale ka motshameko o o tshamekilweng Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi ka 2024''<ref>"[https://fbref.com/en/players/830c134a/nat_tm/Olga-Carmona-National-Team-Stats Olga Carmona National Team Stats, Goals, Records]". ''FBRef''. Retrieved 19 October 2023.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Iponagatso le dino go ya ka setlhopha sa setshaba le ngwaga !Setlhopha sa setshaba !Ngwaga !Iponagatso !Dino |- | rowspan="4" |Spain |2021 |5 |0 |- |2022 |13 |0 |- |2023 |18 |3 |- |2024 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Palogotlhe !28 !3 |} : ''Lenaane la dino le maduo la dino tsa Spain pele, molokololo wa dino o supa dino morago ga nno nngwe le nngwe ya ga Carmona.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Lenaane la dino tsa boditshabatshaba tse di nositsweng ke Olga Carmona !No. !Letsatsi !Lefelo !Moganetsi !Dino !Maduo !Kgaisano |- |1 |19 February 2023 |CommBank Stadium, Sydney, Australia |Australia |1–3 |2–3 |2023 Cup of Nations |- |2 |15 August 2023 |Eden Park, Auckland, New Zealand |Sweden |2–1 |2–1 | rowspan="2" |2023 FIFA Women's World Cup |- |3 |20 August 2023 |Stadium Australia, Sydney, Australia |England |1–0 |1–0 |} == Ditlotla == '''Spain''' * FIFA Women's World Cup: 2023 * UEFA Women's Nations League: 2023–24<ref>"[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/68430599 Women's Nations League final: World Cup winners Spain beat France 2–0 in Seville]". ''BBC Sport''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 28 February 2024.</ref> '''Spain U19''' * U-19 European Championship: 2018 '''Individual''' * FIFA Women's World Cup Final Player of the Match: 2023<ref>"[https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/watch/5jgRExKzD4sg8uEJh2Is08 Visa Player of the Match: Olga Carmona]". ''fifa.com''. 21 August 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.</ref> * FIFA FIFPRO Women's World 11: 2023<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20240501233520/https://fifpro.org/en/supporting-players/player-influence/world11/who-made-the-2023-fifa-fifpro-women-s-world-11 Who made the 2023 FIFA FIFPRO Women's World 11?]". ''FIFPRO''. 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.</ref> * IFFHS Women's World Team of the Year: 2023<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20240105032424/https://iffhs.com/posts/3298 IFFHS WOMEN'S WORLD TEAM 2023]". ''IFFHS''. 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.</ref> == Metswedi == lvklyvvdvkdy5z170om1t4j25c1no0a Jill Baijings 0 9728 52265 42392 2026-07-10T05:47:20Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|nationalteam-update=6 August 2023|club-update=20 May 2024|name=Jill Baijings|full_name=Jill Johanna Wilhelmina Baijings<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce93/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |title=FIFA Women's World Cup Australia & New Zealand 2023 – Squad List: Netherlands (NED) |publisher=[[FIFA]] |page=18 |date=11 July 2023 |access-date=11 July 2023}}</ref>|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|2001|02|23}}|birth_place=[[Terheijden]], Netherlands|height=1.68 m|position=[[Midfielder]]|currentclub=[[FC Bayern Munich (women)|Bayern Munich]]|clubnumber=18|youthclubs1=SV Terheijden|youthclubs2=Madese Boys|youthclubs3=CTO Eindhoven|clubs1=[[SC Heerenveen (women)|Heerenveen]]|years1=2019–2020|caps1=12|goals1=0|clubs2=[[SGS Essen]]|years2=2020–2022|caps2=43|goals2=3|clubs3=[[Bayer 04 Leverkusen (women)|Bayer Leverkusen]]|years3=2022–2023|caps3=22|goals3=7|clubs4=[[FC Bayern Munich (women)|Bayern Munich]]|years4=2023–|caps4=14|goals4=0|nationalteam1=Netherlands U15|nationalyears1=2015–2016|nationalcaps1=8|nationalgoals1=0|nationalteam2=Netherlands U16|nationalyears2=2016–2017|nationalcaps2=6|nationalgoals2=0|nationalteam3=[[Netherlands women's national under-17 football team|Netherlands U17]]|nationalyears3=2016–2017|nationalcaps3=13|nationalgoals3=3|nationalteam4=[[Netherlands women's national under-19 football team|Netherlands U19]]|nationalyears4=2019–2020|nationalcaps4=17|nationalgoals4=3|nationalteam5=[[Netherlands women's national football team|Netherlands]]|nationalyears5=2021–|nationalcaps5=8|nationalgoals5=0}} '''Jill Johanna Wilhelmina Baijings''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le boraro ka 2001) ke motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao e e porofeshionale wa moDutch yo o tshamekang fa gare kwa setlhopheng sa Frauen-Bundesliga sa [[FC Bayern Munich (bomme)|Bayern Munich]] le sa setlhopha sa setshaba sa Netherlands.<ref>[https://int.soccerway.com/players/-/466845/ Jill Baijings] at Soccerway</ref> == Tiro ya setlhopha == '''<big>Bonana</big>''' Baijings o tshameketse SV Terheijden and Madese boys mo bonaneng ja gagwe.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230705190227/https://www.madeseboys.nl/181/1676/jill-bayings-is-trots-op-madese-boys/ JILL BAYINGS IS TROTS OP MADESE BOYS]". ''Madese Boys'' (in Dutch).</ref> '''<big>Heerenveen</big>''' Baijings o dirile tshameko ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Heerenveen ka Phatlwe a le masome mabedi le boraro ka 2019 kgatlhanong le PSV.<ref>"[https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2019/08/23/netherlands/vrouwen-eredivisie/sc-heerenveen/psvfc-eindhoven/3065611/ Heerenveen vs PSV - 23 August 2019]". ''int.soccerway.com''.</ref> '''<big>SGS Essen</big>''' Baijings o ne a begiwa kwa SGS Essen ka Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2020.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20240511213735/https://sgs-essen.de/index/aktuelles-rund-um-die-mannschaften/aktuelles-rund-um-die-mannschaften-details/sgs-essen-verpflichtet-niederl%C3%A4ndische-u19-nationalspielerin.html SGS Essen verpflichtet niederländische U19-Nationalspielerin]". ''SGS Essen'' (in German)</ref> O dirile tshameko ya gagwe ya ntlha ya liki kgatlhanong le Wolsburg ka Lwetse a le gane ka 2020.<ref>"[https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/09/04/germany/frauen-bundesliga/vfl-wolfsburg/sg-essen-schonebeck/3315299/ Wolfsburg vs SGS Essen - 4 September 2020]". ''int.soccerway.com''.</ref> O ne a nosa nno ya gagwe ya ntlha ya liki kgatlhanong le Werder Bremen ka Lwetse a le masome mabedi le bosupa ka 2020, a nosa mo motsotsong wa bone.<ref>"[https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/09/27/germany/frauen-bundesliga/sv-werder-bremen/sg-essen-schonebeck/3315315/ Werder Bremen vs SGS Essen - 27 September 2020]". ''int.soccerway.com''.</ref> '''<big>Bayer Leverkusen</big>''' Phukwi a rogwa ka 2022, Baijings a ya kwa Bayer Leverkusen mo tumalanong ya dingwaga tse pedi.<ref>"[https://www.bayer04.de/de-de/news/frauen/bayer-04-frauen-verpflichten-jill-bayings BAYER 04-FRAUEN VERPFLICHTEN JILL BAYINGS]". 1 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.</ref> O ne a nosa mo tshamekong ya gagwe ya liki ya ntlha, a nosa kgatlhanong le MSV Duisburg mo motsotsong wa masome mabedi le boraro ka Lwetse a le lesome le boferabobedi ka 2022.<ref>"[https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2022/09/18/germany/frauen-bundesliga/fcr-2001-duisburg/bayer-04-leverkusen/3833313/ MSV Duisburg vs Bayer Leverkusen - 18 September 2022]". ''int.soccerway.com''.</ref> '''<big>Bayern Munich</big>''' Ka Phukwi a tlhola ga tlhano ka 2023, Baijings a saena tumalano ya dingwaga tse tharo le [[FC Bayern Munich (bomme)|Bayern Munich]].<ref>"[https://fcbayern.com/frauen/de/news/2023/07/fc-bayern-frauen-verpflichten-jill-baijings FC Bayern Frauen verpflichten Jill Baijings]". 5 July 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.</ref> O dirile tshameko ya gagwe ya ntlha ya liki kgatlhanong le Freiburg ka Lwetse a le lesome le botlhano ka 2023.<ref>"[https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2023/09/15/germany/frauen-bundesliga/sc-freiburg/fc-bayern-munchen/4149374/ Freiburg vs Bayern Munich - 15 September 2023]". ''int.soccerway.com''.</ref> O nositse nno ya gagwe ya ntlha ya setlhopha mo DFB-Pokal Frauen kgatlhanong le Kickers Offenbach ka Tlhakole a le lesome le bone ka 2024, a nosa mo motsotsong wa masome a supa le boferabobedi.<ref>"[https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2024/02/14/germany/dfb-pokal-women/kickers-offenbach/fc-bayern-munchen/4253302/ Kickers Offenbach vs Bayern Munich - 14 February 2024]". ''int.soccerway.com''.</ref> == Tiro ya boditshabatshaba == Baijings ke motshameki wa pele wa boditshabatshaba wa Dutch ya banana. E ne e le karolo ya setlhopha sa under-19 se se neng sa goroga kwa seka-makgaolakgang a UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship ya 2019.<ref>"[https://www.onsoranje.nl/nieuws/jeugd-vrouwen-onder-19/76213/definitieve-ek-selectie-vrouwen-onder-19 DEFINITIEVE EK-SELECTIE VROUWEN ONDER 19]". 5 July 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2021.</ref> O dirile tshameko ya gagwe ya ntlha ya setlhopha se segolo ka Phalane a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2021 mo phenyong ya dino di ferabobedi go lefela la Cyprus mo motshamekong wa go ipatlela phatlha kwa sejaneng sa lefatshe sa FIFA.<ref>"[https://www.bndestem.nl/nederlands-voetbal/jill-baijings-uit-terheijden-debuteert-voor-leeuwinnen-en-wint-irritante-wedstrijd-op-cyprus~a20616f8/ Jill Baijings uit Terheijden debuteert voor Leeuwinnen en wint 'irritante wedstrijd' op Cyprus]". 22 October 2021. Retrieved 22 October 2021.</ref> Ka Motsheganong wa 2023 a le masome mararo le motso, o ne a bitswa e le karolo ya setlhopha sa ntlha sa Netherlands sa sejana sa lefatshe sa bomme sa FIFA sa 2023.<ref>Mark White (2023-06-05). "[https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/netherlands-women-world-cup-2023-squad-team-roster-players-holland Netherlands Women's World Cup 2023 squad: 30-player preliminary team named]". ''fourfourtwo.com''. Retrieved 2023-06-19.</ref> == Metswedi == tjutcmw8q5wbootetd6wvjhct1saxs6 Maplehurst Correctional Complex 0 10240 52283 39417 2026-07-10T08:52:45Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52283 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maplehurst Correctional Complex''' (French: Complexe Correctionnel de Maplehurst) ke kgolegelo e e kwa Milton, Ontario e e diretsweng basadi le {{Infobox building|name=Maplehurst Correctional Complex|image=<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Correctional Services Logo.jpg|center|180px]] -->|location=[[Milton, Ontario|Milton]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]|seating_capacity=1,500}} banna ba dingwaga tse 18 le go feta. Ke lefelo le le kopantsweng la tshireletso e e gagametseng ya bagolegwa ba ba tlhatlhetsweng mo kgolegelong, le lefelo la go baakanya la maemo a a kwa tlase/a a kwa godimo la batlolamolao ba ba atlholetsweng dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse pedi. E kile ya bo e na le karolo e e kgethegileng ya bana ba ba kwa tlase ga dingwaga tse 12 go ya go tse 17, mme gone jaanong ga e tlhole e ba amogela. E itsege gape jaaka "Milton Hilton" kgotsa "Muppethurst"<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130612212512/http://www.opseu.org/ops/ministry/locktalk/locktalkmar30.htm Locktalk - OPSEU Publications,] March 30, 2001</ref>. Ka 1972, puso e ne ya simolola porojeke ya go aga ya madi a a kana ka dimilione di le 13,6 tsa didolara ya Maplehurst Correctional Center. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.milton.halinet.on.ca/2498798/page/13 |title="Canadian Champion (Milton, ON), 6 Dec 1972, p. 13". |access-date=17 February 2025 |archive-date=10 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510070524/http://news.milton.halinet.on.ca/2498798/page/13 |url-status=dead }}</ref>E ne ya wediwa ka 1974 mme e santse e dira le gompieno. Sod o ne a tsenngwa mo porojekeng ka 9 Tlhakole 1973. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.milton.halinet.on.ca/2498900/page/2 |title="Canadian Champion (Milton, ON), 14 Feb 1973, p. 2". |access-date=17 February 2025 |archive-date=10 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510070424/http://news.milton.halinet.on.ca/2498900/page/2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Maplehurst Correctional Complex e ne ya agiwa mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo1970 go emisetsa ditlamelo tse di neng di setse di le teng tse di akaretsang Milton Jail, Halton County Jail, le Mimico Correctional Centre, le fa e le gore ya bofelo e ne ya sala e butswe. John Main e ne e le motsamaisi wa ntlha wa setsha seno, mme o ne a tswa kwa Mimico.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.milton.halinet.on.ca/2501152/page/1 |title="Canadian Champion (Milton, ON), 26 Mar 1975, p. 1". |access-date=17 February 2025 |archive-date=23 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723003536/http://news.milton.halinet.on.ca/2501152/page/1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> E ne ya atolosiwa kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1980 le gape kwa tshimologong ya lekgolo la bo 21 la dingwaga.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090819022527/http://www.canadiancorrections.com/maplehurstpage.html CanadianCorrections.com] Archived 2009-08-19 at the Wayback Machine</ref> Ka go bulwa semmuso ga $89 million ya go tlhabolola ka 2001, puso ya Ontario e tlhalositse setsha se jaaka setsha sa ntlha mo tsamaisong ya dikgolegelo tsa Ontario go nna le popego e ntšhwa ka dipodise:<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090925071323/http://www.mcscs.jus.gov.on.ca/english/corr_serv/mod_system/new_design.html Modernizing the System Archived 2009-09-25 at the Wayback] Machine - Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services</ref> di le nosi, di le 192 tsa malao a bonno koo bagolegwa ba fetsang letsatsi la bone - go akaretsa mafelo a mananeo le lefelo le le kwa ntle la go itshidila mmele.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090925071323/http://www.mcscs.jus.gov.on.ca/english/corr_serv/mod_system/new_design.html Modern provincial jails to improve public safety Archived 2007-08-07 at the Wayback Machine -] News Release - Government of Ontario - March 15, 2001</ref>Kago eno e kgolo go lekana le mabala a le 100 a kgwele ya dinao e bile e ne e le yone ya ntlha ya dikgolegelo tse dikgolo thata kwa Ontario. General Population, Protective Population le Segregation/Hospital units tsotlhe di nna mo lefelong le.<ref>"Correctional Services". Archived from the original on 2011-08-27. Retrieved 2011-08-23.</ref>E na le lefelo le le tshwanang le la Vanier Centre for Women, e e nang le malao a le 333 e leng lefelo le le nang le tshireletso e e kwa godimo le le nang le malao a le 333 le le diretsweng baikepi ba basadi ba ba tshwerweng le ba ba atlhotsweng. Kgolegelo eno e na le dithulaganyo tse di farologaneng tsa go baakanya, tse di akaretsang go ba ruta go nna le bokgoni jwa go tshela, go laola go nna lekgoba la bojalwa, go laola bogale le go thusa batho ba ba tshwakgotsweng ke bojalwa. == Ditiragalo Tsa Hisitori == Go ne ga nna le dikhuduego kwa Maplehurst Correctional Center kwa Milton ka 1979, tse mo go tsone bagolegwa ba le 18 ba neng ba tshaba mo kgolegelong. Go ne ga senngwa didirisiwa tsa boitlosobodutu tse di jang madi a a fetang R70.000. Batho ba le supa ba ba neng ba tshaba ba ne ba tshwarwa gape ka bonako morago ga moo.Ka 2021, Lefapha la Badiri le ne la ntsha ditaelo di le robongwe tsa maemo a a sa babalesegang a go dira morago ga gore go begwe go runya ga COVID-19 kwa setheong seo. <ref>[https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/ministry-of-labour-issues-nine-unsafe-work-orders-to-milton-prison-dealing-with-covid-19-outbreak-1.5297084 "Ministry of Labour issues nine unsafe work orders to Milton prison dealing with COVID-19 outbreak"]. ''Toronto''. 2021-02-05. Retrieved 2023-08-02.</ref> == Magolegwa a a itsegeng == Eric Carty, yo o neng a loga leano la go bolaya Jennifer Pan <ref>Grimaldi, Jeremy. ''A Daughter's Deadly Deception: The Jennifer Pan Story''. Dundurn Books, November 12, 2016. <nowiki>ISBN 1459735269</nowiki>, 9781459735262, PT89. "Two days after speaking with Denise Brown, Detective Courtice gives the order to take David down.[...]The following day, police descend on Maplehurst Correctional[...]where Eric Carty is held, and charge him with the same." PT88 states: "[...]on April 12, when police finally get in touch with Denise Brown,[...]"</ref>Snow o ne a atlholelwa dikgwedi di le robedi mo kgolegelong ya ngwaga ka ntlha ya go tlhasela le go gobatsa mmele kwa Maplehurst kwa tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo1990. Lloyd Banks o ne a tshwarwa kwa Maplehurst ka 2010 morago ga go tshwarwa ka kgapeletso ya kgapeletso, tlhaselo e e masisi le bogodu kwa Kitchener, Ontario. <ref>[https://www.guelphmercury.com/whatson-story/2766152-new-york-rapper-lloyd-banks-remains-in-jail-after-kitchener-arrest/ "New York rapper Lloyd Banks remains in jail after Kitchener arrest"].</ref> == Metswedi == gyhvbm1igmezainpzqs9xcomoim8dtp Christopher Pere Ajuwa 0 10385 52263 51761 2026-07-10T02:29:03Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Pere Ajuwa|birthname=Pere Ajuwa|birth_date=Ngwanatsele 23,1941|birth_place=Nigeria|death_date=31 Hirikgong 2017(dingwaga 75)|occupation=Moenjere, Mogwebi, mopolotiki|known for=Ntlhopheng wa botautana le bolweladitshwanelo jwa Ba-Ijaw|title=Kgosi, Ngaka|spouse(s)=Helen Ajuwa|children=Ebiere Irene Ajuwa-Musa, Amaebimo Ebi Esther Ajuwa, Elias Pere Ajuwa, Tare Ajuwa, Layefa Ajuwa}} '''Christopher 'Pere' Ajuwa''' ( Ngwanaitseele e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boraro ka 1941 – Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mararo le bongwe ka 2017) e ne e le monna wa ntlha go tswa kwa kgaolong ya [[:en:Niger_Delta|Niger Delta]] ya [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] go tsenela ditlhopho tsa go nna [[:en:President_of_Nigeria|Tautona wa Nigeria]].<ref>[https://punchng.com/ex-presidential-candidate-pere-ajuwa-dies/ "Ex-presidential candidate, Pere Ajuwa, dies".] 31 January 2017.</ref> E ne e le rakgwebo yo o botlhale ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980 le bo 1990, mme o ne a itsege thata ka ditiro tsa gagwe tsa go thusa batho.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230611172258/https://www.timelesspersons.com/christopher-pere-ajuwa-1941-2017/ "Christopher Pere Ajuwa (1941-2017)"]. February 16, 2019.</ref> == Kakaretso == Christopher 'Pere' Ajuwa o tsholetswe kwa mmusong wa [[:en:Bayelsa_State|Bayelsa]], e e kwa Nigeria Borwa, kwa dikgaolong tsa Niger Delta. E ne e le rakgwebo yo o atlegileng, mothusi wa batho le mopolotiki.Kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1980, Pere e ne e le motho wa ntlha wa Niger Deltan mo hisetoring ya segompieno ya bosetšhaba ya Nigeria go tsena mo metsing a a kotsi a sepolotiki a lefatshe la Nigeria.O ne a dira letsholo le go buelela ka bopelokgale go ralala Nigeria a buelela batho ba kgaolo ya gagwe, [[:en:Ijaw_people|Ba-Ijaw]]. O ne a akanya gore batho ba ba tswang kwa kgaolong ya Niger Delta, e e ntshang lotseno lo lo seng kana ka sepe lo lo tshegetsang boiketlo jwa naga ya Nigeria, ba tshwanetse go nna le seabe se segolo le go solegelwa molemo ka tekatekano go tswa mo metsweding e mentsi e kgaolo ya bone e e tlamelang. Kgosi Pere Ajuwa o ne a tshegetsa maiteko otlhe a batho ba Ijaw a go amogelwa ka tshwanelo le go fiwa boipelo jwa bone mo dipolotiking, mo itsholelong le mo dikarolong tse dingwe tsa maiteko a batho ka go dirisa didiriswa tsa gagwe go lwela kgololosego ya sepolotiki le itsholelo ya batho ba bannye ba Borwa-Borwa, segolo banna le basadi ba morafe wa gagwe, ba ba neng ba bogisiwa ke dingwaga tsa go tlhokomologiwa le go tingwa ke ditiro tsa dikompone tsa oil.<ref name=":1">[https://thesun.ng/breaking-pere-ajuwa-dies-at-76/ "Pere Ajuwa, popular Ijaw politician, dies at 76"]. January 31, 2017.</ref> Kgabagare, ka 1993 Pere o ne a tsena mo ditlhophong tsa ntlha tsa botautona kgatlhanong le Alhaji Bashir Tofa ka fa tlase gathulalaganyoya lekoko la Kopano ya Bosetšhaba ya Rephaboliki (NRC). Morago ga moo, ka 2003 le 2007, o ne a tsenela ditlhopho tsa go nna tautona wa Nigeria kgatlhanong le tautona [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]] (2015-2019) ka fa tlase ga mokgatlho wa All People Party (ANPP).<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=144299 "Our Campaigns - Candidate - Christopher Pere Ajuwa"]. ''www.ourcampaigns.com''.</ref> Le fa Pere a ne a sa fenye epe ya ditlhopho tseno, tlhoafalo ya gagwe le moya wa gagwe wa go tlhomama di ne tsa dira gore boradipolotiki ba le bantsi ba ba botlana go tswa kwa Niger Delta ba eletse go nna tautona wa Nigeria.<ref>[https://guardian.ng/tag/christopher-pere-ajuwa/ "Christopher Pere Ajuwa Archives".]</ref> E ne e le monna wa khumo, le mothusi wa mewa e mentsi go tswa kwa Niger Delta le kwa ntle ga yone. Mo botshelong jwa gagwe jotlhe, Pere o ne a ngaparela ngwao le setso sa ba losika lwa gagwe ba Izon. Ngaka Kgosi Christopher Pere Ajuwa o tlhokafetse ka 2017 kwa [[:en:Port_Harcourt|Port Harcourt]] a le dingwaga di le masome a le supa le borataro. == Lelapa le bongwana == === Dingwaga tsa ntlha === Christopher Pere Ajuwa o tshotswe ka la bo Ngwanaitseele a tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi le boraro ka1941 mo malapeng a ga Kgosi e Kgolo Pa Ogongolo Vurudu Ajuwa wa Egbesubiri Quater, le Kgosi Ma Mme Rachael Diriayefa Ajuwa le Erubiri Quater ya bogosi jwa Gbaranraun, kwa Kgaolong ya Pusoselegae ya lefatshe la Borwa jwa Bayela. Bogosi jwa Gbaranraun ke bongwe jwa Mebuso e e tlhageletseng mo bathong ba Ijaw kwa Niger Delta, kwa Nigeria Borwa mme ke seabe se segolo mo itsholelong ya setšhaba. Go tsholwa ga ga Pere go tsewa ke batho ba lefelo leo e le letshwao la kgakgamatso mme go ne go buiwa ka gone jaaka e kete go ne go fitlhegile. Go ne ga begwa gore mmaagwe Pere o ne a tshola ngwana fa a ne a le mo tirong ya go tshwara ditlhapi, mme ka go bo go ne go se na mmoki, o ne a mo tsholela mo mokorong wa gagwe. Go ya ka se, letsatsi leo le le botlhoko Rachael Diriayefa Ajuwa o ne a tshwara tlhapi ya gagwe e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe tse a kileng a di tshwara mme a bitsa morwawe yo o sa tswang go tsholwa ‘Pere’ e e ranotsweng totatota go kaya “Khumo” ka Sekgowa. === Thuto === Pere o ne a tsena sekolo sa Ade Oshodi, e leng sekolo se se potlana kwa Bophirima jwa Nigeria, go tloga ka 1954 go ya go 1960 mme a bona Setanka sa gagwe sa Ntlha sa go wetsa Sekolo. Go tloga ka 1961 go fitlha ka 1964, o ne a tswelela kwa [[college]] ya Stella Maris, kwa Okitipupa, kwa Kgaolong ya Pusoselegae ya Ondo kwa lefelong ya Ondo.<ref name=":2">[https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/ajuwa-christopher-perewari/ "AJUWA, Christopher Perewari"]. September 20, 2016.</ref> Ka maswabi, ka ntlha ya go tlhoka madi, Pere ga a ka a kgona go wetsa dithuto tsa gagwe kwa Stella Maris College . Go batla ga gagwe go ithuta ga go a ka ga ema, o ne a bona tsela ya go tsena College ya Setegeniki ya College ya Puso ya Ijebu-Ode, Setheo sa Kgwebo sa Yaba, Lagos mme o ne a bona dithuto tsa gagwe tsa Magareng tsa Toropo le Kaedi ka 1968.Morago ga moo o ne a tswa kwa Nigeria mme a ya kwa College ya Setegeniki ya Yaba kwa Mmadikolo wa Glasgow, kwa Scotland koo a neng a bona Ditankana tsa gagwe tsa setegeniki sa Maemo a a Kwa Godimo ka 1975 gone. Morago ga moo, kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1970, Pere o ne a le kwa Mmadikolo wa Worcester, kwa United Kingdom a ithuta Boenjenere jwa Dikago le mananeo a mangwe a thuto le tse dingwe tsa boenjenere mme o ne a nna Moenjenere wa Dikago wa Setegeniki yo o nang le setankana sa kwa Boritane mo masimologong a 1980. Mme ka 2006, Pere o ne a tsaya kgato e nngwe mme a bona degreeya masters mo go tsa Tsamaiso ya Kgwebo kwa Mmadikolo ya mmuso wa Ekiti. <ref name=":0" /> ==== Athletics le metshameko ==== Ka dingwaga tsa gagwe tsa sekolo, Pere o ne a tsewa e le motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao yo o tlhotlheletsang. Mo tshimologong ya bo1970 o ne a tshamekela Kgwele ya Dinao ya Koporasi ya mmuso wa Bophirima le mokgatlho ywa Kgwele ya Dinao ya Setheo sa Patlisiso sa Nigeria tsotlhe kwa Ibadan Bophirima jwa Nigeria. Pere o ne a bidiwa motshameki yo o tshwanetseng go lebelelwa mo lebaleng la kgwele ya dinao mme o ne a tsewa e le motshameki yo mogolo.<ref name=":3">Teniola, Eric (June 19, 2018). [https://allafrica.com/stories/201806190816.html "Nigeria: Anniversary of June 12 Presidential Election (V)".] ''allAfrica.com''.</ref>O ne a tswelela ka go fenya dikgele le mekgatho eo. Mo botshelong jotlhe jwa gagwe, o ne a tswelela go itumelela botshelo jo bo matlhagatlhaga jwa thenese, go thuma le go siana ka dikepe. == Lenyalo le bana == Pele ga a nyala, Pere e ne e le monna wa dikarolo tse dintsi. O ne a nna le bana ba le supa kwa ntle ga lenyalo. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka 1972, fa Pere a ne a tsena kwa Collegeng ya Setegeniki ya Yaba, o ne a kopana le Helen Kemi Olayiwola, morwadia Akandi Olayiwola, yo o tswang kwa Ibadan. Ba ne ba nyalana ka 1974.<ref name=":2" /> O ne a tshola bana ba le lesome le boraro le Helen Kemi Olayiwola mme a nyala le Helen ka boitumelo go fitlha a tlhokafala. Jaaka rre, o ne a bonala a le motho yo o nonofileng wa go otlhaya mme o ne a ruta mo baneng ba gagwe go dira ka natla le go ikobela taolo e e tlhomilweng. ==== Tumelo ==== Fa a sa ntse a le ngwana, Pere o ne a kolobediwa mo Kerekeng ya Catholic. Moragonyana o ne a sokologela mo tumelong ya Pentekosete mme a nna leloko la Kereke ya ga Keresete ya Baaposetoloi. Mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1980 o ne a tsena Kereke ya Baebele ya Botshelo jo bo Tseneletseng kwa toropong ya Rumuodara, mmuso wa Rivers . Mme mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1990, o ne a nna leloko la motheo la Redemption Ministries mme a obamela koo go fitlha a swa. Pere o ne a tsaya ditiro tsa go thusa batho ka se ba se tlhokang di dumalana le tumelo ya gagwe ya Bokeresete. Pere o ne a ineetse e bile a rata go neela pako le kobamelo. ==== Leso ==== Ka letlhafula la 2016 Pere o ne a lwala mme a tsena kwa bookelong. O ne a lemogiwa a na le kankere ya lela la setlha e e mo kgatong ya bofelo. O ne a boela kwa legaeng la gagwe mme a ikgogela morago mo ditirong tsa setšhabeng le ditirong tsa setšhaba. O tlhokafetse ka Mosupologo, Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mararo le bongwe ka2017 kwa ntlong ya gagwe kwa [[:en:Port_Harcourt|Port Harcourt]].<ref>phone conversation with son Elias Pere Ajuwa</ref> Mafoko a gagwe a bofelo e ne e le “Jesu nkutlwele botlhoko”. O ne a feta mo borokong jwa gagwe ka ntlha ya go raraana ka ntlha ya [[:en:Christopher_Pere_Ajuwa|kankere ya Prostate.]] Mmusi [[:en:Henry_Seriake_Dickson|Seriake Henry Dickson]] o tlhalositse loso lwa ga Pere jaaka lo lo utlwisang botlhoko, lo lo tshosang le tatlhegelo e kgolo mo Pusong le mo bathong ba mmuso ywa Bayelsa.<ref name=":1" /> Fa a ne a bua kwa tirelong ya phitlho e e neng e tshwaretswe kwantlo lehalahala yla Moletlo ya DSP e Kgolo Alamieyeseigha kwa Yenagoa, go tlotla moswi, Dickson o ne a tshwaela ka gore dineelo tsa ga Pere mo kgolong ya loago le itsholelo le sepolotiki ya mmuso wa Bayelsa le Nigeria di tla gakologelwa ka bosakhutleng.<ref>[https://tribuneonlineng.com/pere-ajuwa-epitome-ijaw-struggle-%e2%80%95dickson/ "Pere Ajuwa was an epitome of the Ijaw struggle ―Dickson » Latest News » Tribune Online"]. April 8, 2017.</ref> Ka ntlha ya dineelo tse dintsi le tse di tlhomologileng tsa ga Pere, mmusi o itsisitse go bidiwa gape ga tsela e e tlwaelegileng ya Azikoro ka ene e a reng e fetotse ngwao ya puso ya gagwe go tlotla morwa le morwadi mongwe le mongwe wa boammaaruri wa puso yo o dirileng maikutlo a a bonalang mo mafelong a a farologaneng. Ka go leboga, morwadie wa ntlha wa ga Pere le mokomišenara wa puso wa Bojanala, Tlhabololo, le Mme Ebiere Irene Ajuwa-Musa ba ne ba leboga Mmusi Dickson le batho ba puso ka diabe tsa bone tse di tlhomologileng tse ba di dirileng mo go tlotleng rraagwe. Tirelo ya phitlho e ne ya ngoka bontsi jwa mapolotiki, babusi ba setso, ebaeteleledi ba madirelo, baeteledipele ba maikutlo, basadi le bašwa go tswa kwa teng le kwa ntle ga lefatshe. Batho ba ne ba eme ka mela mo mebileng ba hutsafetse le go ntsha matshediso a bone mo lelapeng leo. Fa e sale a tlhokafala, batho ba bitsa nako ya gagwe a tshela "malatsi a ga Pere Ajuwa".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250301122636/https://x.com/PureHeartJon/status/1147014218383798272 "The Pere Ajuwa days. I watched him there too"]. July 4, 2019.</ref> Moswi Kgosi Pere Ajuwa o ne a bolokwa ka la bo Tlhakole a tlhola malatsi ale nne ka 2017 kwa legaeng la gagwe kwa ntlong ya thapelo ya Ayibawari Villa. == tiro == ==== Tiro ya pele ==== Ka 1969, Pere o ne a thapiwa la ntlha jaaka Motegeniki le Koporasi ya Metsi ya mmuso wa Bophirima ya Ibadan. Morago ga moo o ne a tlogela Koporasi ya Metsi ya mmuso wa Bophirima ka tshoganetso mme a tsenela [[:en:Cocoa_Research_Institute_of_Nigeria|Setheo sa Patlisiso sa Cocoa sa Nigeria le sone kwa Ibadan]] (CRIN) e le Moenjenere yo o nang le bokgoni yo o neng a okametse Setheo sa go Phepafatsa Metsi sa setheo ka 1970; o ne a bereka dingwaga di le pedi. Moragonyana Pere o ne a tlogela kwa [[:en:Cocoa_Research_Institute_of_Nigeria|Setheong sa Patlisiso sa Cocoa sa Nigeria]] ka ntlha ya kgatelopele ya gagwe ya thuto kwa [[:en:University_of_Glasgow|Mmadikolo wa Glasgow]] kwa United Kingdom kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1970. Fa a boela kwa Nigeria, Pere o ne a nna Moenjenere yo Mogolo wa Bagakolodi, wa Baenjenere ba Setlhopha sa SP ka 1977. O ne a fapogela mo kgwebong e e ikemetseng ka nosi jaaka Rakonteraka wa Kago le Papatso ya Petroleum mo masimologong a bo1980. O ne a tswelela go nna Moenjenere yo Mogolo wa Dikago le Prefab Overseas Limited. Ka 1993, o ne a thusa go simolola le go tsamaisa Pere Roberto Nigeria Limited jaaka Mokwaledi wa Kompone mme morago ga moo a nna mokaedi-motsamaisi.<ref>ltd, company check. [https://companycheck.co.uk/company/02856769/PERE-ROBERTO--ASSOCIATES-LIMITED/companies-house-data "PERE ROBERTO & ASSOCIATES LIMITED. Free business summary taken from official companies house information. Free alerts. Registered as 02856769"]. ''Company Check''.</ref> Ka nako eno, o ne a dira mananeo mangwe a a botlhokwa a a akaretsang go agiwa ga Helipad kwa Bonny Camp, Setlhaketlhake sa Victoria, Lagos le dikago dingwe kwa Setheong sa Katiso ya Petroleum kwa Warri (e jaanong e leng Mmadikolo wa Petroleum) le mananeo mangwe a mantsi kwa [[:en:Niger_Delta|Niger Delta]]. === Botshelo jwa sepolotiki === Ka 1986, Pere o ne a tsena ka phenyo mo toropong ya [[:en:Port_Harcourt|Port Harcourt]] mme a taboga mme a fenyaTautona wa Phaposi ya Kgwebo le Madirelo ya [[:en:Port_Harcourt|Port Harcourt]]. O ne a tlisa dilo dingwe tse di akgolwang mo mokgatlhong. Ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa gagwe gore go ne ga rulaganngwa Pontsho ya ntlha ya go gwebisana ga Boditšhabatšhaba ba [[:en:Port_Harcourt|Port Harcourt]]. Go atlega ga ga Pere mo kgwebong ga go a ka ga dira gore a se ka a rata Nigeria le keletso e kgolo e a neng a na le yone ya go fokotsa go boga ga batho ba ba gateletsweng le ba ba neng ba kgaphetswe kwa thoko kwa Niger Delta. Morago ga go tswa ka katlego jaaka Tautona wa Phaposi ya Kgwebo le Madirelo ya Port Harcourt kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1980; o ne a simolola go tsena mo dipolotiking tsa Nigeria fa tshono e tla ya go dira Molaotheo o mosha wa Federal Republic of Nigeria go itsise bokhutlo jwa puso ya Sesole. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka 1989 o ne a tsenela kgaisano mme a fenya setulo sa Kgaolotlhopho ya Federal ya [[:en:Yenagoa|Yenagoa]] go tsena mo kopanong ya nako eo ya batlhophi. Pere o ne a tlhalosa ka maatla maemo a a jaaka ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ba kwa tlase, go phimolwa ga molao wa tiriso ya lefatshe, le taolo ya didirisiwa. Go tshaba ga ga Pere kwa kopanong ya molaotheo ya 1989 go ne ga dira gore a ratwe ke batho ba bagolo ba sepolotiki mo lefatshengmme fa go ne go tlhamiwa makoko a sepolotiki, o ne a nna leloko le le simolotseng Nigeria National Convention (NNC). Ka nako eo, mongwe wa batho ba ba tlhomologileng ba ba neng ba lootsa dikakanyo tsa ga Pere yo mmotlana wa sepolotiki mo lefelong le le lefifi la sepolotiki e ne e le Kgosi Gina Yeseibo. Ka 1992, go ne ga nna le go rulaganngwa seša ga ditlhopha tsa dipolotiki kwa Nigeria tse kgabagare di neng tsa tsala Kopano ya Bosetšhaba ya Repaboliki (NRC) le Mokgatlho wa Social Democratic (SDP). Pere o ne a feleletsa e le leloko le le simolotseng NRC mme a tshegetsa Kgosi Rufus Ada George go tlhagelela jaaka Mmusi (Ferikgong 1992 go ya go Ngwanaitseele 1993) wa mmuso wa bogologolo ywa Rivers. Morago ga go tswa ka katlego jaaka Tautona wa Phaposi ya Kgwebo le Madirelo ya Port Harcourt kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1980; o ne a simolola go tsena mo dipolotiking tsa Nigeria fa tshono e tla ya go dira Molaotheo o mosha wa Federal Republic of Nigeria go itsise bokhutlo jwa puso ya Sesole. Kgosi Pere Ajuwa e ne e le sekao sa go nna pelotelele le go itsetsepela mo go lweleng tshiamiso. Pere e ne ya nna moeteledipele wa ntlha wa batho ba ba seng bantsi ba Niger Delta yo o neng a le pelokgale go tsenelela mo dipolotiking tsa morafe o montsi mo letsheng leo. Keletso ya gagwe ya go tsenela ditlhopho tsa go nna ntlhopheng wa setulo sa botautona e ne ya bonala ka 1992 fa Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba ya Rephaboliki e ne e tshwara ditlhopho tsa bone tsa Tautona wa Motheo kwa Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba kwa Port Harcourt. Pere e ne e le mmotlana wa botautona mo Kopanong ya Bosetšhaba ya Rephaboliki (NRC) e e sa tlholeng e le teng, mo lenaneong la phetogo la Tautona wa pele [[:en:Ibrahim_Babangida|Ibrahim Babangida]] le ene o ne a gaisana le maemo a mmusi wa naga ya Rivers pele ga go tlhamiwa ga mmuso wa Bayelsa.<ref name=":4">Ebiowei, Preye (January 31, 2017). [http://armada.ng/former-presidential-candidate-pere-ajuwa-dies-76/ "Former Presidential candidate, Pere Ajuwa dies at 76".]</ref>Pere o ne a patelesega go fologa setilo sa Alhaji Bashiru Torfa yo moragonyana a neng a nna Motshwari wa folaga ya NRC le ntlhopheng wa botautona wa Social Democratic Party -SDP Alhaji MKO Abiola o ne a tsenela ditlhopho tsa Botautona tsa Seetebosigo e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le bobedi ka, 1993 tse di neng tsa phimolwa.<ref>Emmanuel, Daniji (February 14, 2017)[https://www.citypeopleonline.com/prominent-celebs-die-port-harcourt-one-week/ . "PROMINENT CELEBS DIE IN PORT HARCOURT IN ONE WEEK".]</ref> Ka Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi le borataro ka , 1993, e ne e le letsatsi la kopano ya setšhaba ya go lwela maemo a botautona. NRC e ne ya itsise gore [[:en:Port_Harcourt|Port Harcourt]], e leng motse wa gaabo Pere, e tla nna lefelo le go tla tshwarelwang kopano eno kwa go lone ka baemedi ba ba fetang dikete di le tlhano ba ba tlileng go nna teng mo go nngwe le nngwe ya Dikopano tseno. Pere o ne a nna le seabe se segolo mo kopanong, mme a duela karolo e kgolo ya tlhwatlhwa ya kopano ya [[:en:Port_Harcourt|Port Harcourt]].<ref name=":3" /> Kopano ya Port Harcourt e ne e tsenetswe ke baeteledipele ba ba tlhageletseng ba lekoko leno ba ba akaretsang Alhaji Bamanga Tukur, Alhaji Ibrahim Mantu le Alhaji Ibrahim Shinkafi. Kwa kopanong eo, Alhaji [[:en:Ahmed_Kusamotu|Ahmed Kusamotu]] o ne a fenya Senator Lawrence Adekunle Agunbiade yo o bidiwang LAKO go tlhagelela jaaka modulasetilo wa lekoko. Senator Agunbiade o ne a tswa kwa Ise kwa nageng ya ga jaana ya Ekiti fa Dr. Kusamotu ene a ne a tswa kwa lelapeng la segosi kwa Ikirun kwa mmusong wa Osun ya segompieno. Ka 1994 go ne ga simololwa letsholo le lesha la go tsosolosa setšhaba sa Izon gore se nne se le seoposengwe mo go lateleleng mekgele le maitlhomo a rona a a tshwanang. Gompieno, setšhaba sa Ba-Izon le kgaolo yotlhe ya Niger Delta se mo boemong jo bo botoka. Ka fa tlase ga [[:en:Ijaw_National_Congress|Ijaw National Congress]] (INC) le Ijaw Youth Council (IYC lefatshe ka bophara), o ne a sa kgone go thibelwa fa keletso ya gagwe ya dipolotiki e ntse e gola letsatsi le letsatsi. Pitso ya sepolotiki e ne ya tla gape ka 1998 mme Pere a nna leloko le le simolotseng Mokgatlho wa Batho Botlhe (APP) o o neng wa fetoga morago ga nako go nna [[:en:All_Nigeria_Peoples_Party|Mokgatlho wa Batho Botlhe ba Nigeria]] (ANPP). Dingwaga moragonyana, keletso ya gagwe ya go nna tautona e ne ya tsoga gape mme a taboga mo ditlhophong tsa ntlha kgatlhanong le tautona wa g jaana [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Mohammadu Buhari]] mme a latlhegelwa ka 2003 le 2007 ka go latelana. O ne a taboga jaaka ntlhopheng wa botautona mo ditlhophong tsa botautona ka 2003 <ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/PartyDetail.html?PartyID=4478 "Our Campaigns - Political Party - Liberal Democratic (LDPN)".] ''www.ourcampaigns.com''.</ref> le 2007 <ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/PartyDetail.html?PartyID=3174 "Our Campaigns - Political Party - Alliance for Democracy (AD)".] ''www.ourcampaigns.com''.</ref> mo mokgatlhong wa Lekoko la Liberal Democratic la Nigeria (LDPN) le Alliance for Democracy (AD) ka go latelana. Ka 2003 fa go ne go bonala sentle gore APP e e fetogileng go nna ANPP, o ne a patelesega go fologa tiro mo Lekokong la Batho ba All Nigeria (ANPP) fa Mo-general [[:en:Muhammadu_Buhari|Mohammadu Buhari]], yo o neng a tlhophiwa go nna ntlhopheng wa botautona, a dira gore Pere a tlogele lekoko.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nigerianewsday.com/2017/02/01/pere-ajuwa-passes-dies-at-76/ |title="Pere Ajuwa Passes Dies at 76 – Nigeria Newsday". |access-date=2025-03-12 |archive-date=2024-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228025934/http://www.nigerianewsday.com/2017/02/01/pere-ajuwa-passes-dies-at-76/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ka ANPP e ne e ka se mo neye thekete ya Botautona, o ne a fetogela kwa Lekokong la Liberal Democratic la Nigeria ( LDPN mme a tlhagelela e le ntlhopheng wa lone wa botautona ka 2003.<ref name=":4" /> Ka nako ya ditlhopho tsa 2007, o ne a boela kwa mokgatlhong wa ANC mme a patelesega go tlogela maemo a gagwe a bo a ya go thusa General Mohammadu Buhari. Moragonyana o ne a amogelwa ke Alliance for Democracy jaaka mokgethi wa yona wa tautona morago ga loso lwa ka tshoganetso lwa mokgethi wa tautona wa nako eo, Chief [[:en:Adebayo_Adefarati|Adebayo Adefarati]]. Ka 2011, o ne a gaisana go tlatsa setulo sa Senator sa Bayelsa Central mo seraleng sa ANPP mme a fenngwa ke moemedi wa PDPyo o busang. ==== Mogakolodi ==== Mo nakong yotlhe ya tiro ya gagwe, Pere o ne a itsege e le motlhokomedi wa batho ba le bantsi. Mo tlotlomatsong, baeteledipele ba pele ba molao mo senateng, John Brambaifa, Inatimi Rufus-Spiff, Mmusakgotla wa Kokoano ya Puso, Rt. Motlotlegi. Konbowei Benson le Moeteledipele wa Badiri ba Ntlo ya Puso, Rt. Motlotlegi. Talford Ongolo botlhe ba ne ba akgola moswi Kgosi Ajuwa, ba bua ka ene jaaka mogakolodi.<ref>Aaron, Fyneface (12 April 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250301125642/http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2017/04/12/bayelsa-honours-late-pere-ajuwa-names-road-after-him/ "Bayelsa Honours Late Pere Ajuwa …Names Road After Him".]</ref> Modiri yo o kwa pele wa madirelo yo e neng e le mongwe wa bahumi ba le mmalwa ba ba tswang mo losikeng lwa Ijaw, Ajuwa o ne a lwantsha Kompone ya Tlhabololo ya Petroleum ya Shell ( SDPC) e batla botshelo jo bo tokafaditsweng jwa batho ba merafe e e nang le oil. Ntwa ya gagwe e ne ya tla kwa setlhoeng ka 2006 fa Ajuwa a ne a etelela pele ditšhaba tsa Ijaw tse 145 ka fa tlase ga taolo ya Aborigines ba Ijaw mme a gogela Shell fa pele ga kopano e e kopaneng ya Kokoano Bosetšhaba. <ref>[https://nigerialii.org/akn/ng/judgment//2011/7 <nowiki>"Chief (Dr.) Pere Ajuwa & Anor. v. The Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited (SC.290/2007)[2011] NGSC 7 (16 December 2011) (SC.290/2007) [1960] NGSC 1 (15 December 2011); | Nigeria Legal Information Institute".</nowiki>] ''nigerialii.org''.</ref>Kopano ya Bosetšhaba e ne ya abela baagi ditshenyegelo tsa US$1.5 billion jaaka tuelo ya tshenyo ya tikologo e e bakilweng ke kompone fa e sale e simolola go epa oli ka 1956.<ref name=":4" /> == Dikgele le ditlotlo == Ka Moranang1995, e le go lemoga maiteko a gagwe a a sa lapeng a go tlhabolola thuto, Mmadikolo wa Calabar e ne ya mo naya Degree ya Ngaka e e Tlotlegang ya Maranyane (D.Sc.) (Honoris causa) ya Botsamaisi jwa Kgwebo. Bopelotshweu jwa gagwe bo ne jwa kgabaganya melelwane ya merafe fa batho ba Enugu Uku ba ne ba ntsha meropa ya bone ya moletlo go mo keteka fa ba ne ba mo abela serwalo sa IKEMBA SA ENUGU UKU. Pere o tlisitse tlhabololo e kgolo ya thuto le ya setšhaba kwa Gbanraun ka jalo mmusi yo mogolo mo lekgotleng, Kgosi E.G Ojogbo le batsayakarolo botlhe ba ba maleba ba ne ba mo neela nngwe ya direto tsa maemo a a kwa godimo mo bogosing; Egbesu XVI wa Egbesubiri ka 1986. Ditlotla tsa morago ga loso di akaretsa Mmusi [[:en:Henry_Seriake_Dickson|Seriake Henry Dickson]] wa Bayelsa State a tlotla Pere ka go fetola leina la tsela e kgolo morago ga gagwe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20221220203957/https://www.newsexpressngr.com/news/36924-Bayelsa-celebrates-late-Ijaw-leader-Pere-Ajuwa-renames-major-road-after-him "Bayelsa celebrates late Ijaw leader Pere Ajuwa, renames major road after him"]. ''News Express Nigeria Website''.</ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Mafatshe a Aforika]] [[Karolo:Matsalo a 1941]] [[Karolo:Dintsho tsa 2017]] [[Karolo:Baithuti ba nako e e fetileng ba Mmadikolo wa Glasgow]] [[Karolo:Baithuti ba nako e e fetileng ba Mmadikolo wa Worcester]] [[Karolo:Baithuti ba nako e e fetileng bammadikolo wa mmuso wa Ekiti]] [[Karolo:Bogwebi ba Nigeria]] [[Karolo:Baenjenere ba kwa Nigeria]] [[Karolo:Mapolotiki a Nigeria]] 2hdycee2aagv4ocr1tdvoiawaqnusc7 Bokgoba mo Aforika ya segompieno 0 10590 52260 40390 2026-07-10T00:54:20Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52260 wikitext text/x-wiki Kontinente ya Aforika ke nngwe ya dikgaolo tse di tletseng bokgoba jwa segompieno.<ref>Kusi, David K. (2000). ''Africa, One Continent and Many Religions: Towards Interreligious Dialogue in Africa'' (Thesis). Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN). [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2986/tren.033-0550|10.2986/tren.033-0550]].</ref> Bokgoba mo Aforika bo na le ditso tse di telele, mo teng ga Aforika go tloga pele ga direkoto tsa ditso, mme bo oketsega ka kgwebo ya makgoba ya Trans-Saharan le Indian Ocean<ref>"Brazil and the slave trade, 1827–1839", ''The Abolition of the Brazilian Slave Trade'', Cambridge University Press, pp. 62–87, 1 March 1970, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/cbo9780511759734.005|10.1017/cbo9780511759734.005]], ISBN 978-0-521-07583-1. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabobedi ka 2025.</ref><ref>Zink, Robert James. (1969). ''"Uhuru wa Watumwa" as a documentary of the Arab slave trade in East Africa''. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/792751768 792751768]. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabobedi ka 2025.</ref> mme gape le kgwebo ya makgoba e e kgabaganyang Atlantic<ref>Green, Toby (2011), "Rethinking the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade from a Cultural Perspective", ''The Rise of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade in Western Africa, 1300–1589'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–28, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/cbo9781139016407.003|10.1017/cbo9781139016407.003]], ISBN 978-1-139-01640-7 E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabobedi ka 2025.</ref> le Barbary; Tlhokego ya makgoba e ne ya tlhola motseletsele otlhe wa magosi a a neng a le mo seemong sa ntwa e e sa feleng go tlhagisa magolegwa a ntwa ba ba tlhokegang go romela makgoba.<ref>"The Origins of Slaves Leaving West Central Africa", ''The Atlantic Slave Trade from West Central Africa, 1780–1867'', Cambridge University Press, pp. 73–99, 26 June 2017, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/9781316771501.005|10.1017/9781316771501.005]], ISBN 978-1-316-77150-1. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> Mekgwa eno e ne ya tswelela go fitlha mo nakong ya bokolone kwa bofelong jwa ngwagakgolo wa bolesome le boferabongwe le tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa bomasome a mabedi.<ref>Allen, Richard B. (29 March 2017), "Asian Indentured Labor in the 19th and Early 20th Century Colonial Plantation World", ''Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History'', Oxford University Press, [[doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.33|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.33|10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.33]], ISBN 978-0-19-027772-7. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> Le fa balaodi ba bokolone ba ne ba leka go gata bokgoba ka 1900, maiteko a bone a ne a se ka a atlega. Le morago ga phediso ya bokolone, bokgoba bo santse bo tsweletse mo dikarolong di le dintsi tsa Aforika le ntswa bokgoba bo se ka fa molaong ka semolao.<ref>"Which Way Africa-Towards Africa-Exit from Colonial Empire?", ''Africa in the Colonial Ages of Empire'', Langaa RPCIG, pp. 443–495, 17 December 2017, [[doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/j.ctvh9vtjn.13|10.2307/j.ctvh9vtjn.13]], ISBN 978-9956-764-22-8. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> Bokgoba mo kgaolong ya Sahel (mme go ya ka selekanyo se sennye Lenaka la Aforika) bo teng go ya ka lotso le setso sa MaArabia a Berbers kwa bokone le MaAforika a bantsho kwa borwa.<ref>"The mobilization of local ideas about racial difference has been important in generating, and intensifying, civil wars that have occurred since the end of colonial rule in all of the countries that straddle the southern edge of the Sahara Desert. ... contemporary conflicts often hearken back to an older history in which blackness could be equated with slavery and non-blackness with predatory and uncivilized banditry." (cover text), Hall, Bruce S., ''A History of Race in Muslim West Africa, 1600–1960''. Cambridge University Press, 2011.</ref> Bokgoba mo dikgaolong tsa Sahel tsa Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad le Sudan segolobogolo bo tsweletse ka mokgwa wa botlhanka jwa boswa.<ref>"Chad-Mali-Mauritania-Niger-Senegal-Upper Volta: Convention Establishing a Permanent Inter-State Drought Control Committee for the Sahel". ''International Legal Materials''. '''13''' (3): 537–539. 1974. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/s002078290004568x|10.1017/s002078290004568x]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:249000440 249000440]. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> Mefuta e mengwe ya bokgoba jwa setso e teng mo dikarolong tsa Ghana, Benin, Togo le Nigeria.<ref>de Ste Croix, G. E. M. (1988), [https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203401514-2/slavery-forms-unfree-labour-1-de-ste-croix?context=ubx&refId=39baa717-4ded-458a-9139-9646f673e173 "Slavery and Other Forms of Unfree Labour"], Abingdon, UK: Taylor & Francis, pp. 19–32, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4324/9780203401514_chapter_one|10.4324/9780203401514_chapter_one]], ISBN 978-0-203-33181-1 {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help). E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> Go na le mefuta e mengwe ya bokgoba e e seng ya setso mo Aforika gompieno, bontsi jwa tsone di akaretsa thekiso ya batho le go dirwa makgoba ga bana ba masole le bana ba ba berekang, sekai, go gweba ka batho kwa Angola, le go gweba ka bana go tswa kwa Togo, Benin le Nigeria go ya kwa Gabon le Cameroon.<ref>"news-from-human-rights-watch-vol-l5-no8a-borderline-slavery-child-trafficking-in-togo-april-2003-84-pp". ''Human Rights Documents Online''. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-2156-0326|10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-2156-0326]]. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref><ref>[http://www.anti-slaverysociety.addr.com/niger.htm "Traditional Slavery in Niger"], [[:en:Anti-Slavery_International|Anti-Slavery International]], Society's Secretary-General broadcast on the [[:en:American_Broadcasting_Company|ABC]] on 9 March 2005 at 9.30 pm. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> Bokgoba jwa segompieno mo Aforika, go ya ka Anti-Slavery Society bo akaretsa go sotliwa ga batho ba ba kwa tlase le fa maemo a bona a sa bidiwe "bokgoba":<ref>[[:en:Booker_T._Washington|Washington, Booker T.]] (4 January 2020). ''Up from slavery''. Magdalene Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-77335-133-9|978-1-77335-133-9]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1141252700 1141252700]. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref><ref>Brace, Laura (1 March 2018), "Glimpses of Slavery", ''The Politics of Slavery'', Edinburgh University Press, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9781474401142.003.0010|10.3366/edinburgh/9781474401142.003.0010]], ISBN 978-1-4744-0114-2</ref><ref>Allain, Jean (1 January 2015), "When Forced Marriage is Slavery", ''The Law and Slavery'', [[:en:Brill–Nijhoff|Brill–Nijhoff]], pp. 466–474, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1163/9789004279896_022|10.1163/9789004279896_022]], ISBN 978-90-04-27989-6. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref><blockquote>Le fa gantsi go sa bidiwe bokgoba, maemo a a tshwanang. Batho ba rekisiwa jaaka dilo, ba patelediwa go bereka ka tuelo e nnye kgotsa ba se na tuelo e bile ba le mo maruding ya "bathapi" ba bone. — Antislavery Society, What is Modern Slavery?</blockquote>Tiro ya kgapeletso mo Sub-Saharan Africa<ref>Bratton, Michael (29 January 2009), "22. Sub-Saharan Africa", ''Democratization'', Oxford University Press, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/hepl/9780199233021.003.0022|10.1093/hepl/9780199233021.003.0022]] (inactive 13 November 2024), ISBN 978-0-19-923302-1</ref> e fopholediwa go nna 660,000.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075729/http://www.ituc-csi.org/IMG/pdf/mapEN.pdf "Workers' Alliance against Forced Labour and Trafficking - ITUC"] (PDF). E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> Seno se akaretsa batho ba ba amegang mo meepong ya teemane e e seng ka fa molaong ya Sierra Leone le Liberia, e gape e leng ditlamorago tse di tlhamaletseng tsa dintwa tsa selegae mo dikgaolong tseo.<ref>"Forced Labour". London: Anti-Slavery International. Archived from the original on 26 October 2010. Retrieved 14 October 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090701053059/http://www.antislavery.org/english/slavery_today "What is modern slavery?"]. London: [[:en:Anti-Slavery_International|Anti-Slavery International]]. Archived from [http://www.antislavery.org/english/slavery_today the original] on 1 July 2009. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> Ka 2017, Ofisi ya Badiri ya Boditshabatshaba e fopholetsa gore batho ba le supa mo go ba le sekete mo Aforika ke batswasetlhabelo ba bokgoba mo Aforika.<ref>Ukomadu, Angela; Chile, Nneka (7 August 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-africa-slavery-nigeria/west-african-slavery-lives-on-400-years-after-transatlantic-trade-began-idUSKCN1UX1NF "West African slavery lives on, 400 years after transatlantic trade began"]. ''Reuters''. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> == Mefuta ya bokgoba jwa segompieno == [[Setshwantsho:Child labor, Artisan Mining in Kailo Congo.jpg|thumb|Bokgoba jwa boswa le khiro ya bana mo Aforika]] ==== Kgwebo ka thobalano ==== Le fa bokgoba jwa motheo bo thibetswe lefatshe ka bophara, go na le dipego di le dintsi tsa makgoba a thobalano a basadi mo mafelong a a senang taolo e e atlegileng ya puso, jaaka Sudan le Liberia,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6264200.stm "Liberia's Taylor appears in court"]. ''BBC News'' (3 July 2007). E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> Sierra Leone,<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/press/2003/01/sl0116.htm "Sierra Leone: Sexual Violence Widespread in War"]. Human Rights Watch. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> bokone jwa Uganda,<ref>[https://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/07/27/uganda13863.htm "Uganda: No Amnesty for Atrocities"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20081103165556/http://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/07/27/uganda13863.htm Archived] 3 November 2008 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Human Rights Watch.org (4 March 2011). E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> Congo,<ref>[http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2007/03/04/news/nation/17_58_563_3_07.txt "Latest North San Diego County headlines"]. ''U-T San Diego''. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> Niger<ref>Andersson, Hilary. (11 February 2005) [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4250709.stm "Born to be a slave in Niger"]. ''BBC News''. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> le Mauritania.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6938032.stm "Mauritanian MPs pass slavery law"]. ''BBC News'' (9 August 2007). E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> Kwa Ghana, Togo, le Benin, mofuta wa boaka jwa bodumedi (jo bo patelediwang) jo bo itsiweng jaaka trokosi ("botlhanka jwa ngwao") bo baya ka dikgoka diketekete tsa basetsana le basadi mo mafelong a a boitshepo a setso jaaka "basadi ba medimo", kwa baruti ba dirang tiro ya thobalano mo boemong jwa medimo.<ref>Hawksley, Humphrey (8 February 2001). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/1158115.stm "Ghana's trapped slaves"]. BBC News. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> == Metswedi == pscw3fh9exjwh559a2isfrqe7vvsony Mavis Nduchwa 0 11026 52287 42562 2026-07-10T09:05:34Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52287 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mavis Nduchwa''', yo gape a itsegeng ka leina la '''Rewana Nduchwa''' (28 Phatwe 1982 – 13 Phatwe 2021), e ne e le motlhami le moeteledipele wa [[kgwebo ya temothuo]] ya Chabana Farms, e gape e rekisang jaaka Kalahari Honey.<ref>[https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/the-journey-so-far-mavis-nduchwa-ceo-chabana-farms/63974/ "The journey so far: Mavis Nduchwa, CEO, Chabana Farms"]. ''How We Made It In Africa''. 2019-12-09. Retrieved 2025-09-24.</ref> E ne le mogwebi wa [[Botswana|Motswana]], mongwe wa bafenyi ba ba kwa godimo ba le masome matlhano ba Bagaka ba Kgwebo ba Aforika ba 2020 ba [[Jack Ma Foundation|Jack Ma]] [[Jack Ma Foundation|Foundation]].<ref>Ngwako, Taboka (July 28, 2020). [https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/57438 "Nduchwa among Top 50 finalists"]. ''Botswana Daily News''. [http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news Archived] from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved 24 Lwetse 2025.</ref><ref>Rw, Taarifa; a. [https://furtherafrica.com/2020/07/28/jack-ma-foundations-top-50-finalists-of-2020-africas-business-heroes-competition/ "Jack Ma Foundation's Top 50 finalists of 2020 "Africa's Business Heroes" Competition"]. ''FurtherAfrica''. Retrieved 24 Lwetse 2025.</ref> == Tshimologo le thuto == Mavis Nduchwa o tshotswe ka 1982, kwa [[Francistown]], [[Botswana]], mme o ne a na le digerata ya ntlha ya botsamaisi jwa ditsha le kamogelo ya baeng.<ref>[https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/special-edition-youth-2017/new-face-farming-youth-making-agribusiness-%E2%80%98cool%E2%80%99 "The new face of farming: youth making agribusiness 'cool'!"]. ''Africa Renewal''. 2017-02-23. Retrieved 24 Lwetse 2025.</ref> == Tiro == Nduchwa e ne e le motlhami le moeteledipele wa dipolase tsa Chabana, tse di gwebang jaaka Kalahari Honey. Mokgwa wa kgwebo ya Kalahari Honey o dikologa go rarabolola kgotlhang ya motho le tlou mo Botswana. Komponi ya gagwe e tlhopha balemibarui go tlhoma metshitshi ya dinotshe jaaka tsela ya go fokotsa tshenyo ya dijalo. Ka mokgwa wa gagwe wa kgwebo o ne a batla go ithuta ditsela tsa go oketsa palo ya dinotshe.<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewwight/2020/11/08/when-life-gives-you-elephants-make-honey-and-money/ "When Life Gives You Elephants, Make Honey (And Money!)"]. ''Forbes''. Retrieved 24 Lwetse 2025.</ref> Kgwebo ya gagwe ya loago ya Kalahari Honey e tlamela basadi ba kwa metseselegaeng ka metshitshi ya dinotshe jaaka tsela ya go sireletsa masimo a bone mo ditloung.<ref>[https://www.vitalvoices.org/people/mavis-nduchwa/ "Mavis Nduchwa"]. ''Vital Voices''. Retrieved 24 Lwetse 2025.</ref> Nduchwa e ne e le mofenyi wa kgwetlho ya 2020 ya [[Women Empower]] UN [[SDG]] ya [[Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara]], e leng seetsele sa lefatshe lotlhe sa basadi ba ba mo dikgwebong<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200811111235/https://sustainability.asu.edu/we-empower/awardees-finalists/ "2020 Awardees"]. ''WE Empower UN SDG Challenge''. Retrieved 24 Lwetse 2025.</ref> le fellow ya 2019 ya [[AFRINIC]] (African Network Information Center).<ref>COMMS, AFRINIC. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191215071749/https://www.afrinic.net/blog/485-afrinic-31-fellowship-winners-announced "AFRINIC-31 Fellowship Winners Announced"]. ''www.afrinic.net''. Retrieved 24 Lwetse 2025.</ref> Ka 2017 o ne a le gareng ga bafenyi ba Mokgatlho wa [[Tony Elumelu]],<ref>Agunbiade, Tolu (2015-06-16). [https://innov8tiv.com/cofoundher-interviews-mavis-nduchwa-of-chabana-farms/ "cofoundHER Interviews: Mavis Nduchwa of Chabana Farms"]. ''Innov8tiv''. Retrieved 24 Lwetse 2025.</ref> kwa a neng a tlhophelwa letsholo la Mandela Washington Fellow, letsholo la [[Young African Leaders Initiative]] (YALI). Nduchwa o amogetse Kgwebo e e Beilweng ke Basadi ya Ngwaga ya Botswana ya 2019 ([[Grant Thornton]]), Kabo ya Mogwebi yo o Tlhomologileng go gaisa botlhe wa Aforika ya 2018 (Mokgatlho wa [[Tony Elumelu]]) le Botswana Innovation Award 2019.<ref>[https://meaningful.business/team/mavis-nduchwa/ "Mavis Nduchwa"]. ''Meaningful Business Community''. Retrieved 24 Lwetse 2025.</ref> Ka 2017 o ne a tlhophelwa Lenaneo la Kgwebo la [[Tony Elumelu]]<ref>Agunbiade, Tolu (2015-06-16). [https://innov8tiv.com/cofoundher-interviews-mavis-nduchwa-of-chabana-farms/ "cofoundHER Interviews: Mavis Nduchwa of Chabana Farms"]. ''Innov8tiv''. Retrieved 24 Lwetse 2025.</ref> le mo go lone dikgwebo tsa Aforika di tlhophiwang go ikaegilwe ka bokgoni mme di amogela katiso ya kgwebo le kabelo ya $5000. Ka 2019, Nduchwa o ne a tlhagisiwa mo Food Chain Global Champion jaaka moatlhodi wa moeng le [[Samin Nosrat]], [[Gaggan Anand]], [[Marion Nestle]] le Arnold Kreilhuber.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/4svxDH03tg5yHsR7f91gsj3/the-food-chain-global-champion-award-2019-winner-akshaya-patra "The Food Chain Global Champion Award 2019 winner: Akshaya Patra"]. ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Retrieved 24 Lwetse 2025.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Nduchwa o ne a nyetswe mme a na le barwa ba babedi.<ref>[https://www.vitalvoices.org/news-articles/news/in-memoriam-mavis-nduchwa/ "In Memoriam: Mavis Nduchwa"]. ''Vital Voices''. 2 September 2021. Retrieved 24 Lwetse 2025.</ref> O tlhokafetse ka ntata ya ke mathata a a bakilweng ke COVID-19 ka 2021.<ref>[https://naturenews.africa/kalahari-honey-model-for-conservation-and-community-development/ "Kalahari Honey: Model for Conservation and Community Development"]. ''NatureNews''. 2024-12-19. Retrieved 24 Lwetse 2025.</ref> == Metswedi == 72bhg8v3na5srr40ardcsht45g07as6 Ramsey D. Molefe 0 11048 52279 42903 2026-07-10T08:04:56Z MmaBaggio 11091 52279 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:R D Molefe in 1966.jpg|thumb|Molefe ka 1966]] '''Ramsey Diane Molefe''' (Morule a le lesome le borataro 1914 go tsena ngwaga wa 2010) e ne e le mmoki le mopolotiki wa [[Botswana|Botswana.]] O berekile e le mokwaledi wa palamente mo lephateng la temo thuo, e le mopalamente o o itlhophetsweng. == Botshelo le pereko == Ramsey Diane Molefe o tshotswe ka Morule a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bone kwa [[Mochudi]], Bechuanaland Protectorate (Botswana wa gompieno). O tsene sekolo kwa [[Tiger Kloof Educational Institute]] kwa a amogetseng setlankana sa go rutela borutabana ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borataro. O ne a ya go tsweledisa dithuto kwa [[University of South Africa]] kwa a amogetseng dithuto tsa Bachelor's Degree in International Politics, puo ya [[Setswana]] le ditso ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bobedi.<ref name=":0">Nichols, Lee (1984). ''African Writers at the Microphone'' (First ed.). Three Continents Press. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-89410-164-9|<bdi>978-0-89410-164-9</bdi>.]]</ref> O berekile e le morutabana, a tsaya maeto gareng ga Botswana, [[Aforika Borwa]] le [[Zambia|Zambia.]] O ne a kwala buka ya gagwe ya ntlha ya maboko e bidiwa ''Mesomo'' fa a le kwa Zambia. E kwadilwe ka Setswana, o ne a dumela fa a tlisetsa lefatshe la gagwe mpho fa a boela gae.<ref>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-89410-164-9|Nichols 1984]], p. 110.</ref> O berekile gape e le mmega dikgang, a kwalela dipampiri tsa dikgang tsa Aforika Borwa tsa ''The Bantu World'' le ''Naledi Ya Batswana'', le pampiri ya dikgang ya [[Botswana Democratic Party|Botswana Democratic party]] ya ''Therisanyo''.<ref name=":0" /> Molefe o tseneletse dipolotiki a nna leloko la palamente le le itlhophetsweng ke tautona. O berekile e le mokwaledi wa palamente mo lephateng la temothuo.<ref><sup>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250520134653/https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7&Itemid=167 "First Parliament of Botswana"]. ''Parliament of Botswana''. Retrieved 25 September 2025[''permanent dead link'']</sup></ref> Molefe e ne e le mogokgo wa sekolo se segolwane sa [[Mahalapye]].<ref name=":0" /> Molefe o fentse kgaisano ya bokwadi ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bone le kgaisano ya poko. O fentse ka maemo a bobedi mo kgaisanong e nngwe ya poko ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi .<ref>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-89410-164-9|Nichols 1984]], pp. 237–238</ref> Molefe o tlhokafetse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome .<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/TheBotswanaSociety/posts/154-builders-of-the-nation-before-the-republic/3145932962196144/ "154 Builders of the Nation Before the Republic".] ''The Botswana Society on Facebook''. 2 October 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2025.</ref> == Go kwala == Molefe o ne a dumela fa go kwala ka puo ya gagwe ya Setswana go thusa go rotloetsa go nna motlotlo ka puo fa go tshwantshanngwa le go itebaganya lego bua ka sekgoa<ref>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-89410-164-9|Nichols 1984]], p. 111.</ref> mo go neng go tlwaelesegile. O ne a kwalela batho ba magae, a dumela fa ba ba sa rutegang le ba ba sa bueng Sekgoa ba ka tswelwa mosola ke molaetsa wa gagwe.<ref>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-89410-164-9|Nichols 1984]], p. 129</ref> O ne a dumela fa bakwadi e le batlhokomedi setšhaba.<ref>Ojo-Ade, Femi (1991). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2935168 "Of Culture, Commitment, and Construction: Reflections on African Literature"]. ''Transition'' (53): 9. doi:[https://www.jstor.org/stable/2935168?origin=crossref 10.2307/2935168]. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0041-1191 0041-1191.]</ref> O ne a bona go le botlhokwa mo makgarejwaneng go simolola go kwala, a re ga gona basadi ba baboki mo Botswana.<ref>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-89410-164-9|Nichols 1984]], p. 202</ref> Dikwalo tse a di kwadileng di akaretsa: * Mesomo [Dijo tsa bagolo] (1965) - buka ya maboko ya Setswana<ref>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-89410-164-9|Nichols 1984]], pp. 205n3, 238</ref> * Maipelo A Puo - buka ya maboko ya Setswana<ref name=":1">[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-89410-164-9|Nichols 1984]], p. 238</ref> * This is Botswana - buka e e sa gatisiwang ya Sekgoa ya ditiragalo tse di itlhametsweng.<ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == bfw8z2cu1rwor5cdw398257wh9iv61m Letsatsi la Boipuso jwa Botswana 0 11063 52276 49814 2026-07-10T07:48:20Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52276 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsatsi la Boipuso jwa lefatshe la Botswana''', ke letsatsi la boikhutso le le ipelelwang mo [[Botswana]] ka Lwetse a le malatsi a a masome mararo ngwaga le ngwaga. Letsatsi le le ipelela kgololesego ya Botswana go tswa mo [[United Kingdom]] ka Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa 1966.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120804023106/http://www.commonlii.org/bw/legis/const/1966/1.html "Constitution of Botswana 1966".] ''www.commonlii.org''. Retrieved 2025-09-26</ref> Letsatsi la boipuso gantsi le amanngwa le dipontsho tsa melelo e e tlolang ditlhase, megwanto, ditshupo, meletlo, le go kopana le ba lolwapa, le mafoko a sepolotiki, fa godimo ga ditiragalo tsa setšhaba le tsa sepolotiki go ipelelwa ditso, puso le ngwao ya Botswana. Letsatsi la boipuso ke letsatsi la Botswana.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210127202549/https://publicholidays.africa/botswana/botswana-day/ "Botswana Day 2020, 2021 and 2022 in Botswana".] ''PublicHolidays.africa''. Retrieved 2025-09-26</ref> == Tse di diragetseng pele == Moeteledipele o a nenga nonofile thata ke Kgosi [[Khama III]], o a neng a na le kemo nokeng e e nonofileng go tswa mo pusong ya Britain, ebile a ratega thata mo bathong ba kereke ya Evangelical kwa Britain. O ne a bereka thata le sesole sa Britain, ebile a sireletsa lefatshe le le neng le le letona mme le sena batho ba bantsi mo ditsuoloding tsa [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref>[[:en:Jackson_Mutero_Chirenje|J. Mutero Chirenje]], ''Chief Kgama and his times c. 1835-1923: the story of a Southern African ruler'' (1978).</ref> Morwa Khama o motona e ne e le [[Sekgoma II]], o a neng a nna kgosi ya [[Bangwato]] fa Khama a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1923. Morwa Sekgoma II o motona e ne e le [[Seretse Khama|Seretse.]] Mo botshelong jwa gagwe jotlhe Khama o ne a nyala basadi ba le bantsi (fa o mongwe a sena go tlhokafala). Mongwe wa basadi ba gagwe ebong [[Semane]], o ne a mo tsholela ngwana wa mosimane [[Tshekedi Khama|Tshekedi]].<ref>Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr.; Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong; Mr. Steven J. Niven (2 February 2012). ''Dictionary of African Biography''. OUP USA. pp. 355–. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538207-5|<bdi>978-0-19-538207-5</bdi>.]]</ref> Puso ya ga Sekgoma II e nnile lobaka lwa ngwaga dfela, a tlogela morwaagwe Seretse, o ka nako eo e neng e santse e le losea, e le ene mojaboswa wa bogosi (Tshekedi o ne a se mo lenaneong la go nna kgosi ka a ne a se ngwana wa ga Sekgoma II. Ka jalo go diragatsa setso, Tshekedi o ne a tshwarelela bogosi jwa morafe go fitlhelela Seretse a lekana go tsaya bogosi. Go neelana bogosi go stwa kwa go Tshekedi go ya kwa go Seretse go ne go rulaganyeditswe go diragala morago ga Seretse a boa kwa dithutong tsa gagwe tsa molao kwa Britain. Go tshwarelela bogosi ga ga Tshekedi go gakologelwa ka go atolosa mephato ga gagwe, go aga dikolo, go aga di sigo tsa mabele, go buisana le bagogi ba kolone ba Britain ka tsamaiso ya bogosi jwa Bangwato; le ka maiteko a gagwe a go berekisana le kgaogano ya morafe morago ga Seretse a nyala mosadi o mosweu, [[Ruth Williams Khama|Ruth Williams]], fa a ithuta kwa Britain. Tshekedi o ne a le kgatlhanong le lonaylo lo ka mo setsong tsa Botswana kgosi o ka se nyale jaaka a batla. E ne e le motlhanka wa batho; bogosi bo ne bo ka mo tswa diatleng. Seretse o ne a sa boele morago go nyala Ruth (selo se a neng a se dira fa a tshabetse kwa Britain ka 1948), le dikakanyo tsa morafe ka lonyalo di ne tsa baka kgaogano, bagolo ba dumalana le Tshekedi, ba ba nnye ba dumalana le Seretse. kwa phelelong bagogi ba Britain ba ne ba koba banna ba botlhe ka bobedi (Tshekedi go tswa kwa ga Mma Ngwato, Seretse go tswa mo lefatsheng ka kakaretso). Go tsuologo go ne ga nna gontsi, batho ba bolawa.<ref>[https://sahistory.org.za/people/president-seretse-khama "President Seretse Khama | South African History Online".] ''www.sahistory.org.za''. Retrieved 2025-09-26</ref> Seretse le Ruth ba ne ba letlelelwa go boela Botswana, mme ene le Tshekedi ba kgona go baakanya dilo gareng ga bone. Ka nako e, Seretse o nea sa ipone e le kgosi ya [[Bangwato]], o ne a ipona e le moeteledipele wa [[Botswana Democratic Party]] ebile e le tautona wa lefatshe la Botswana le le neng le tloga le tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966. O ne a nna tautona wa Botswana go fitlhelela a tlhokafala ka ntlha ya kankere ka ngwaga wa 1980.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19800630&id=3VQ0AAAAIBAJ&pg=1165,3836941&hl=en "Botswana president reported near death"]. ''The Montreal Gazette''. Retrieved 2025-09-26– via Google News Archive.</ref> == Ngwao == Letsatsi la booipuso ke letsatsi la lefatshe la boikhutso le le supiwang ka ditshupo tsa borata lefatshe. Jaka meletlo e mengwe, letsatsi la boipuso le ketekelwa kwa ntle. Ditirelo tsotlhe tsa puso jaaka tsa poso, le dikgotlatshekelo di a tswala ka letsatsi le. Mapolotiki a le mantsi a iponagatsa kwa meletlong go galaletsa ngwao, ditso, le batho.<ref>Makgala, Christian John; Bolaane, Maitseo (2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250909092846/https://journals.ub.bw/index.php/bnr "Gobe Matenge's Social Engineering Through Milestone Independence Anniversary Celebrations in Botswana, 1975–2016"]. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''48''': 218–228.</ref> Malwapa a ipelela boipuso ka go tsenelela meletlo; bangwe ba tsaya sebaka go ikhutsa kgotsa go tsaya mafelo a beke a maleele go iketla le ba lolwapa kgotsa ditsala. Mekgabisa (dibaluni, lediaparo) e a bo e le ya mmal wa botala jwa loapi, bosweu le bontsho, mebala ya [[folaga ya Botswana]]. Megwanto e dirwa mo mosong, pele ga ba lolwapa ba kopana, fa ditshupo tsa melelo ya ditlhase di diragala mo maitseboeng morago ga go nna lefifi kwa lobalelng lwa metshameko.<ref>Mogalakwe, Monageng; Nyamnjoh, Francis (2017-01-02). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02589001.2017.1286636 "Botswana at 50: democratic deficit, elite corruption and poverty in the midst of plenty"]. ''Journal of Contemporary African Studies''. '''35''' (1): 1–14. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02589001.2017.1286636 10.1080/02589001.2017.1286636.] [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0258-9001 0258-9001.]</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]] * [[Ditso tsa Botswana]] == Metswedi == 9xbawsev6nku2fwy21dzoy85121ffcu Mireille Dossou 0 12423 52288 51072 2026-07-10T09:17:08Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52288 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Professeur Mireille Dosso.jpg|thumb]] '''Mireille Carmen Dosso''' (o belegwe ka 27 Moranang 1952) ke moitseanape wa ditshedi tse dinnye le wa malwetse a mogare wa kwa [[Ivory Coast]] yo o belegweng kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros Comoros]. O ne a tlhophiwa go nna motsamaisi wa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur_Institute Pasteur Institute] kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abidjan Abidjan] ka 2004, mme bosheng jaana o nnile mongwe wa Maaforika a a eteletseng pele mo go lwantsheng [[COVID-19]]. O ne a atlegile mo go lwantsheng megare e mengwe, go akarediwa le H1N1 ya letshoroma la dikolobe le letshoroma la dengue ka 2019.[https://www.fratmat.info/article/207025/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9/Coronavirus%20(covid-19)/covid-19-livoirienne-mireille-dosso-dans-les-onze-africains-et-africaines-qui-contribuent-a-contenir-la-pandemie-sur-leur-continent <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://afriquematin.net/professeur-dosso-mireille-carmen-une-virtuose-des-sciences/ <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][[https://plamfe.org/dosso-mireille-carmen-un-amour-profond-pour-la-science/ <nowiki>3]</nowiki>] == Kitso ka gagwe == O tshotswe ka di 27 Moranang 1952 kwa setlhaketlhakeng sa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjouan Anjouan], [https://www.fratmat.info/article/207025/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9/Coronavirus%20(covid-19)/covid-19-livoirienne-mireille-dosso-dans-les-onze-africains-et-africaines-qui-contribuent-a-contenir-la-pandemie-sur-leur-continent <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] Mireille Dosso o ne a falola sekolo ka 1969. Morago ga moo o ne a ya kwa lefapheng la bongaka kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_F%C3%A9lix_Houphou%C3%ABt-Boigny Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny] kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abidjan Abidjan], a bona dikirii ya bongaka ka 1980, mosadi wa ntlha go dira jalo. Ka 1974, o ne a nyala Adama Dosso, mofofisi wa sefofane sa sesole,[https://web.archive.org/web/20230322093106/https://afriquematin.net/professeur-dosso-mireille-carmen-une-virtuose-des-sciences/ <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] yo o neng a bolawa ka 2011.[https://www.ladepechedabidjan.info/Assassinat-du-colonel-Dosso-Adama-Les-gardes-de-corps-d-Allou-Eugene-et-Dogbo-Ble-avouent-Nous-l-avons-tue-et-jete-le_a3360.html <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>] Ka ntlha ya tuelo ya borutegi, o ne a tswelela ka dithuto tsa gagwe kwa Marseille (1981), Montpellier. O ne a ya go dira doctorate ya bobedi ya human biology kwa Yunibesithing ya Montpellier ka 1988 pele a boela kwa Abidjan. Fa a sena go nna motlhatlheledi wa yunibesithi mo go tsa thutotshelo ya ditshedi tse dinnye, ka 1992 o ne a tlhatlosiwa maemo go nna porofesa. Ka 1997, o ne a nna leloko la CAMES (Conseil africain et malgache pour l'enseignement supérieur). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230322093106/https://afriquematin.net/professeur-dosso-mireille-carmen-une-virtuose-des-sciences/ <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] O ne a tlhophiwa go nna motsamaisi wa Pascal Institute kwa Ivory Coast ka 1972, jaanong o bopa karolo ya komiti ya saense e e rweleng maikarabelo a go lekola kgatelopele ya COVID-19, e le ene fela mosadi yo e leng leloko.[https://www.fratmat.info/article/207025/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9/Coronavirus%20(covid-19)/covid-19-livoirienne-mireille-dosso-dans-les-onze-africains-et-africaines-qui-contribuent-a-contenir-la-pandemie-sur-leur-continent <nowiki>[ 1]</nowiki>][[http://www.enseignement.gouv.ci/index.php?open=actualite&actu=article&artID=1114 <nowiki>4]</nowiki>] == Metswedi == [https://www.fratmat.info/article/207025/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9/Coronavirus%20(covid-19)/covid-19-livoirienne-mireille-dosso-dans-les-onze-africains-et-africaines-qui-contribuent-a-contenir-la-pandemie-sur-leur-continent <nowiki>[1] "Covid-19: L'Ivoirienne Mireille Dosso dans les onze Africains et Africaines qui contribuent à contenir la pandémie sur leur continent</nowiki>]" (in French). Fraternité Matin. 2 August 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230322093106/https://afriquematin.net/professeur-dosso-mireille-carmen-une-virtuose-des-sciences/ <nowiki>[2] "Professeur Dossi Mireille Carmen: une virtuose des sciences</nowiki>]" (in French). Afrique Matin. 19 March 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2021. [3] Saki, Léon (20 March 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210926023557/https://plamfe.org/dosso-mireille-carmen-un-amour-profond-pour-la-science/ "Prof. Mireille Carmen DOSSO: Un amour profond pour la science]" (in French). Plamfe: Afrique Santé. Retrieved 22 February 2021. [http://www.enseignement.gouv.ci/index.php?open=actualite&actu=article&artID=1114 <nowiki>[4] "Afrique/Lutte contre le coronavirus</nowiki> : Le Professeur Mireille Dosso dans le Top onze des Africains combattant le Covid-19]" (in French). Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique. 3 August 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2021. [5] Depeyla, Armand (9 June 2011). [https://www.ladepechedabidjan.info/Assassinat-du-colonel-Dosso-Adama-Les-gardes-de-corps-d-Allou-Eugene-et-Dogbo-Ble-avouent-Nous-l-avons-tue-et-jete-le_a3360.html "Assassinat du colonel Dosso Adama / Les gardes de corps d'Allou Eugène et Dogbo Blé avouent : "Nous l'avons tué et jeté le corps sur l'autoroute""] (in French). La Dépêche d'Abidjan. Retrieved 24 February 2021. 9pq5u6rdmzau33fuijuwcrdpf1tdpvu Monique Séka 0 12538 52290 50606 2026-07-10T09:31:55Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52290 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Monique Séka''' o tshotswe ka di 22 Ngwanatsele, 1965.[https://web.archive.org/web/20190708171142/https://www.musicinafrica.net/fr/directory/monique-s%25C3%25A9ka <sup>[1<nowiki>]</nowiki></sup>] O ne a bidiwa mohumagadi wa mmino wa Afro-zouk mme ke moopedi go tswa kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast Ivory Coast]. Mmino wa Afro-zouk wa ga Monique Seka o itsege thata kwa mafelong a a jaaka Ivory Coast, Afrika, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean Caribbean] le Indian Ocean.[http://abidjantv.net/art-et-culture/la-diva-de-la-musique-ivoirienne-monique-seka-se-confie-jai-peur-des-hommes-ses-raisons/ [ 3<nowiki>]</nowiki>] == kitso ka gagwe == Séka o ne a simolola go kgatlhegela mmino a sa le monnye. Ke leloko la boraro la lelapa la mmino wa kwa Ivory Coast. Seka ke morwadia Seka Okoi, moopedi wa kwa Ivory Coast yo o neng a tumile thata ka bo1970. Seka o ne a rutwa ke rraagwe pele a tsenela RTI Orchestra. E ne e le ka yone nako eo a neng a simolola go leka go kopanya mmino wa zouk le morethetho go dira Afro Zouk, e leng motswako o o gakgamatsang le go gogela barati ba mmino ka nako e le nngwe. Mo magareng a bo1980, mmino wa kwa Caribbean o ne wa tsena mo mebarakeng ya lefatshe. Seka o ne a tsena mo mokgweng ono mme a golola alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha "Tantie Affoué" ka 1985. Ka ngwaga wa 1989, o ne a saena tumalano ya go dira mmino wa gagwe le seopedi sa Cape Verdian, Manu Lima mme a golola alebamo ya gagwe ya "Missounwa". Motswako ono wa mmino wa zouk le morethetho wa Seaforika o ne wa fitlha le kwa ntle ga melelwane ya Afrika, mme o ne wa amogelwa ke babegadikgang le metswedi ya tshedimosetso. Kwa bokhutlong jwa 1992, o ne a kopana le Dominique Richard, mongwe wa batlhami ba Radio Sun, seteishene sa radio sa ntlha sa Afro-Caribbean se se neng sa bulwa kwa Lyon ka Phukwi 1993. Dominique o ne a nna motlhami le mogwebi wa gagwe. Ba ne ba nyalana ka March 31, 1995, mme morago ga go ntsha dialebamo di le mmalwa ba ne ba nna le ngwana wa mosetsana Carolyn Richard, yo o tshotsweng ka February 9, 1998. Ka 1994, o ne a boela gape kwa go Manu Lima go rulaganya alebamo ya gagwe e ntšha mme a boela mo nageng ka alebamo ya "Okaman". Dialbamo tsa gagwe tse di latelang di akaretsa "Adéba" ka 1997, "Yélélé" ka 1999 le "best of" tse dintsi tse di nang le ditlhogo tse dintšhwa: "Anthology" ka 1999, "15 years 15 success" ka 2003, "Obligada" ka 2005, jj. Katlego ya gagwe e dirile gore a tshegediwe ke baopedi ba le bantsi ba ba tswang kwa dikarolong tse di farologaneng tsa mmino jaaka "Yaye Demin", pina e e neng ya atlega le Meiway.[http://news.abidjan.net/h/446788.html [ 2<nowiki>]</nowiki>][https://www.musicinafrica.net/fr/directory/monique-s%C3%A9ka [1<nowiki>]</nowiki>] == Dipina tsa gagwe == '''diAlobums''' *1986 : Tantie affoué *1989 : Missounwa, Éditions C.B.H. *1995 : Okaman, Déclic *1997 : Adeba *1999 : Yelele, Sony Music *2000 : Anthologie *2003 : Best of Album, Créon Music *2005 : Obligada == Metswedi == [https://www.musicinafrica.net/fr/directory/monique-s%C3%A9ka [1<nowiki>]</nowiki>"Monique Séka"]. Music in Africa. Retrieved November 24, 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190820071252/http://news.abidjan.net/h/446788.html [2<nowiki>]</nowiki>"Hommage à feu Okoua Séka Athanase : Monique Séka en attraction à Assuédji"]. Abidjan.net. Retrieved November 24, 2017. [http://abidjantv.net/art-et-culture/la-diva-de-la-musique-ivoirienne-monique-seka-se-confie-jai-peur-des-hommes-ses-raisons/ [3<nowiki>]</nowiki>"La diva de la musique ivoirienne Monique Séka se confie : " J'ai peur des hommes "ses raisons | AbidjanTV.net"]. AbidjanTV.net. April 22, 2017. Retrieved November 24, 2017. 0664qkiikbhkaeekb3t72k6vo57rnyo Caren Pistorius 0 13017 52262 49077 2026-07-10T01:48:20Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52262 wikitext text/x-wiki Mo go Wikipedia, encyclopedia ya mahala '''Caren Pistorius''' (o tshotswe ka 30 Lwetse 1990) ke motshameki wa New Zealand. O itsege ka tiragatso ya gagwe mo filiming ya 2015 [[Slow West]].<ref>Lesley Coffin (22 May 2015). [http://www.themarysue.com/tms-interview-caren-pistorious/ "The Mary Sue Interview: New Zealand Actress Caren Pistorius"]. ''The Mary Sue''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150710144741/http://www.popsugar.com.au/celebrity/Interview-Caren-Pistorius-Offspring-Paper-Giants-2-30840450 Archived] from the original on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.</ref><ref>Chandra, Jessica (20 June 2013). [http://www.popsugar.com.au/celebrity/Interview-Caren-Pistorius-Offspring-Paper-Giants-2-30840450 "Who's That Girl? Get to Know Offspring and Magazine Wars Star Caren Pistorius"]. ''POPSUGAR Celebrity Australia''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150710144741/http://www.popsugar.com.au/celebrity/Interview-Caren-Pistorius-Offspring-Paper-Giants-2-30840450 Archived] from the original on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele == Caren Pistorius o tsholetswe kwa [[Rustenburg]], Aforika Borwa. Lelapa la gagwe le ne la fudugela kwa [[Auckland]], New Zealand fa a ne a na le dingwaga di le 12. O ne a tsaya dithuto tsa terama kwa sekolong.<ref>[https://www.nowtolove.co.nz/celebrity/celeb-news/kiwi-caren-pistorius-hollywood-coup-20886 "Kiwi Caren Pistorius' Hollywood coup"]. ''Now to Love''. 23 November 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2021.</ref> Gape o ithutile kwa [[Auckland University of Technology]].<ref>Jenny Hendrix (June 2015). [http://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/caren-pistorius "How Caren Pistorius Won the West"]. ''Interview Magazine''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150714004803/http://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/caren-pistorius Archived] from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.</ref> == Tiro ya botshameki == Caren Pistorius o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya botshameki jwa porofeshenale a na le dingwaga di le 19, fa a ne a dira tshimologo ya gagwe mo thelebisheneng mo letotong la Amerika [[Legend of the Seeker]] mo episode “Confession”, a tshameka Luna.<ref>[https://tv.apple.com/us/episode/confession/umc.cmc.3bt0na85w7xzhfn8gs7ob47il?showId=umc.cmc.6nqy4gsigg4skxne5dt3q3g4t "Confession - Legend of the Seeker (Season 1, Episode 11)"]. 31 January 2009. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260412044140/http://tviv.org/Legend_of_the_Seeker/Confession "Legend of the Seeker/Confession"]. The TV IV. 22 April 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</ref> O ne a tshameka karolo ya Chloe mo filiming ya lorato le terama [[The Most Fun You Can Have Dying]], e e tsamaisiwang ke [[Kirstin Marcon]], e e golotsweng ka 26 Moranang 2012.<ref>[http://themostfunyoucanhavedying.com/ "The Most Fun You Can Have Dying"]. The Most Fun You Can Have Dying. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120515122541/http://www.3news.co.nz/The-Most-Fun-You-Can-Have-Dying-review/tabid/418/articleID/253174/Default.aspx "The Most Fun You Can Have Dying review".] 3 News. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</ref> Mo ngwageng o o tshwanang, o ne a tlhagelela jaaka Amy mo letotong la metlae [[Hounds]].<ref>Philpott, Chris (20 December 2012). [http://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/blogs/on-the-box/8100592/The-Best-TV-of-2012 "The Best TV of 2012"]. [[Stuff.co.nz]]. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</ref><ref>Philpott, Chris (18 June 2012). [["Is Hounds The Best Kiwi Comedy Ever?"]]. [[:en:Stuff.co.nz|Stuff.co.nz]]. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</ref> Ka 2013, Pistorius o ne a tshameka Rose Harper mo letotong la bosenyi [[The Blue Rose]]. Mo ngwageng oo gape, o ne a tsenngwa mo miniseries [[Paper Giants]]: [[Magazine Wars]], a tshameka Beth Ridgeway, le mo letotong la terama le metlae [[Offspring]], kwa a neng a tshameka karolo e e thusang ya Eloise Ward.<ref>[http://tviv.org/The_Blue_Rose/This_Night_Has_Opened_My_Eyes "The Blue Rose/This Night Has Opened My Eyes"]. The TV IV. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</ref> Ka 2015, o ne a tshameka mmogo le [[Kodi Smit-McPhee]], [[Michael Fassbender]] le [[Ben Mendelsohn]] mo filiming ya Western [[Slow West]], kwa a neng a tshameka Rose Ross. Filimi eno e ne ya bontshiwa la ntlha kwa Sundance Film Festival ka 24 Ferikgong 2015 mme ya gololwa ka 15 Motsheganong 2015 kwa United States.<ref>[["Slow West"]]. ''[[:en:New_Zealand_Film_Commission|New Zealand Film Commission]]''. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</ref><ref>[http://thefilmstage.com/trailer/michael-fassbender-saddles-up-in-first-trailer-for-slow-west "Michael Fassbender Saddles Up In First Trailer For ''Slow West''"]. ''TheFilmStage.com''. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</ref> Ka 2016, o ne a tsenngwa mo filiming ya lorato le terama [[The Light Between Oceans]], kwa a neng a tshameka Lucy Grace Rutherford / Adult Lucy Grace.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160910135802/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/light-between-oceans-film "''The Light Between Oceans'' (12A)"]. ''[[:en:British_Board_of_Film_Classification|British Board of Film Classification]]''. Archived from [https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/light-between-oceans-film the original] on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</ref><ref>Frosch, Jon (30 August 2016). [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/light-between-oceans-review-michael-921836 "'The Light Between Oceans': Film Review"]. ''[[:en:The_Hollywood_Reporter|The Hollywood Reporter]]''. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</ref> Mo ngwageng oo gape, o ne a tshameka Laura Tyler mo filiming ya botshelo [[Denial]]. Morago ga moo, o ne a tshameka Lorraine Cassidy mo filiming ya Australia ya post-apocalyptic horror-terama [[Cargo]]. Mo ngwageng oo gape, o ne a tsenngwa mo miniseries [[Wake in Fright]], a tshameka Janette Hynes.<ref>Giroux, Jack (24 September 2016). [http://www.slashfilm.com/cargo-first-look/ "'Cargo' First Look: Martin Freeman Stars in the Zombie-Infested Drama"]. ''/Film''. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</ref> Ka 2018, o ne a tsenngwa go tshameka Anne mo filiming ya metlae le terama [[Gloria Bell]], e gape e neng e akaretsa [[Julianne Moore]].<ref>[http://www.stage6films.com/movies/gloria-bell "Gloria Bell"]. ''Stage6''. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</ref> Mo ngwageng oo gape, o ne a tlhagelela mo filiming ya steampunk [[Mortal Engines]].<ref>D'Alessandro, Anthony (16 December 2018). [https://deadline.com/2018/12/spider-man-into-the-spider-verse-mortal-engines-clint-eastwood-the-mule-weekend-box-office-1202520137/ "'Spider-Verse' Raises $35M+ As 'The Mule' Kicks Up $17M+ In Pre-Christmas Period, But 'Mortal Engines' Breaks Down With $7M+"]. ''[[:en:Deadline_Hollywood|Deadline Hollywood]]''. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</ref><ref>McCarthy, Todd (5 December 2018). [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/mortal-engines-review-1166727 "'Mortal Engines': Film Review".] ''[[:en:The_Hollywood_Reporter|The Hollywood Reporter]]''. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</ref> Kwa tshimologong ya 2020, Pistorius o ne a tsenngwa go tshameka Claire mo filiming [[High Ground]], e e neng ya bontshiwa kwa [[Berlin International Film Festival]] ka 23 Tlhakole 2020, mme ya gololwa gape kwa [[Brisbane International Film Festival]] kwa Australia ka 28 Ferikgong 2021.<ref>Gumurdul, Julie Narndal; Rademaker, Laura; May, Sally K. (9 February 2021). [https://theconversation.com/how-historically-accurate-is-the-film-high-ground-the-violence-it-depicts-is-uncomfortably-close-to-the-truth-154475 "How historically accurate is the film High Ground? The violence it depicts is uncomfortably close to the truth"]. ''[[:en:The_Conversation_(website)|The Conversation]]''. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</ref><ref>[https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=715 "Gan Gan"]. ''Colonial Frontier Massacres in Australia, 1788-1930''. [[:en:Centre_for_21st_Century_Humanities|Centre for 21st Century Humanities]], [[:en:University_of_Newcastle_(Australia)|University of Newcastle (Australia)]]. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</ref> Mo ngwageng oo gape, o ne a tshameka mmogo le [[Russell Crowe]], [[Gabriel Bateman]], [[Jimmi Simpson]] le [[Austin P. McKenze]] mo filiming ya action-thriller [[Unhinged]], kwa a neng a tshameka Rachel Flynn.<ref>D'Alessandro, Anthony (15 July 2019). [https://deadline.com/2019/07/russell-crowe-movie-unhinged-casts-caren-pistorius-1202646632/ "Caren Pistorius To Star Opposite Russell Crowe In Solstice Studios' 'Unhinged'"]. Deadline. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</ref><ref>Riley, Jenelle (20 August 2020). [https://variety.com/2020/film/features/unhinged-caren-pistorius-russell-crowe-1234742478/ "'Unhinged' Star Caren Pistorius on Returning to Movie Theaters and Working with Russell Crowe"]. Variety. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</ref><ref>Groves, Don (31 July 2020). [https://if.com.au/caren-pistorius-goes-toe-to-toe-with-russell-crowe-in-unhinged/ "Caren Pistorius goes toe-to-toe with Russell Crowe in 'Unhinged'"]. if.com.au. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</ref> Gape o ne a tsenngwa mo filiming ya psychological thriller [[The Marsh King's Daughter]], kwa a neng a tshameka Beth, mmaagwe Helena Pelletier. Filimi eno e ne ya gololwa kwa United States ka 3 Ngwanatsele 2023 ke [[Lionsgate]] le [[Roadside Attractions]].<ref>Hammond, Pete (2 November 2023). [https://deadline.com/2023/11/the-marsh-kings-daughter-review-daisy-ridley-ben-mendelsohn-terrifying-wilderness-suspense-drama-1235590363/ "'The Marsh King's Daughter' Review: Daisy Ridley And Ben Mendelsohn Lift A Terrifying Wilderness-Set Father-Daughter Story"]. Deadline. Retrieved 27 November 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/movies/the-marsh-kings-daughter-review.html "'The Marsh King's Daughter' Review: Smoke on the Water"]. ''The New York Times''. 2 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.</ref><ref>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/the-marsh-kings-daughter-check-out-the-complete-cast-of-new-psychological-thriller-film/articleshow/104949803.cms "The Marsh King's Daughter: Check out the complete cast of new psychological thriller film"]. The Economic Times. 3 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023</ref> == Ditiro tsa filimi == === Filimi === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ngwaga !Setlhogo !Seabe !Dintlha |- |2012 |[[The Most Fun You Can Have Dying]] |Chloe | |- |2015 |[[Slow West]] |Rose Ross | |- |2016 |[[The Light Between Oceans]] |Adult Lucy-Grace | |- |2016 |[[Denial]] |Laura Tyler | |- |2017 |[[Cargo]] |Lorraine | |- |2018 |[[Gloria Bell]] |Anne | |- |2018 |[[Mortal Engines]] |Pandora Shaw | |- |2020 |[[High Ground]] |Claire | |- |2020 |[[Unhinged]] |Flynn | |- |2023 |[[The Marsh King's Daughter]] |Beth | |} === Thelebishene === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ngwaga !Setlhogo !Seabe !Dintlha |- |2009 |[[Legend of the Seeker]] |Luna |Episode: "Confession" |- |2012 |[[Hounds]] |Amy |6 episodes |- |2013 |[[The Blue Rose]] |Rose Harper |8 episodes |- |2013 |[[Paper Giants: Magazine Wars]] |Beth Ridgeway |2 episodes |- |2013 |[[Offspring]] |Eloise Ward |13 episodes |- |2013 |[[Redfern Now]] |Janine Myles |Episode: "Babe in Arms" |- |2017 |[[Wake in Fright]] |Janette Hynes |2 episodes |} === Dikgele le ditlhopho === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ngwaga !Sekgele !Karolo !Tiro !Sephetho |- |2014 |[[Equity Ensemble Awards]] |Oustanding Performance by an Ensemble in a mini-series or Television |[[Paper Giants: Magazine Wars]] |O tlhophilwe |- |2014 |[[Equity Ensemble Awards]] |Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series |[[Offspring]] |O tlhophilwe |- |2014 |[[Enquity Ensemble Awards]] |Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series |[[Redfern Now]] |O fentse |- |2014 |[[Logie Awards]] |Most Popular New Talent |[[Offspring]] |O tlhophilwe |- |2014 |[[Logie Awards]] |Most Outstanding New Talent |[[Paper Giants: Magazine Wars]] |O tlhophilwe |- |2017 |[[Best Actress]] |Best Actress |[[Slow West]] |O tlhophilwe |} == Ditshupiso == 4how67xr9am5lobphnbkv2ozufpy1ij Masoja Msiza 0 13115 52286 49663 2026-07-10T08:59:14Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52286 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Masoja Josiah Msiza''' (o tshotswe ka Phalane a tlhola malatsi a le matlhano 1964)<ref>[https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=17518 "Masoja Msiza on TVSA"]. ''tvsa.co.za''.</ref> ke modiragatsi, mmoki le seopedi sa Aforika Borwa.<ref>Job Githuri (20 September 2019). [https://briefly.co.za/37080-masoja-msiza-biography-age-home-language-children-wife-men-treat-women-poems-songs-albums-cars-instagram.html "Masoja Msiza biography:age, home language, children, wife, how men should treat women, poems, songs, albums, cars, and Instagram"]. ''briefly.co.za''.</ref> O itsege thata ka go tshameka "Nkunzi Mhlongo" mo filiming ya award-winning ya [[:en:Uzalo|Uzalo]].<ref>[https://iol.co.za/entertainment/whats-on/2011-09-14-praise-poets-take-centre-stage/ "Praise poets take centre stage — Durban"]. iol.co.za. Retrieved 5 March 2020.</ref><ref>[https://iol.co.za/sundayindependent/lifestyle/2018-05-21-masoja-msiza-on-playing-sly-and-ruthless-nkunzi/ "Masoja Msiza on playing the sly and ruthless nkunzi"]. iol.co.za. Retrieved 5 March 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.thesouthafrican.com/culture/soapies/uzalo-history-cast-plot-seasons-details/ "Uzalo: A detailed history of south africa's favourite soapie"]. thesouthafrican.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020.</ref> == BOTSHELO JWA PELE == Msiza o tsholetswe kwa Kwa-Thema, e leng motsesetoropo o o mo porofenseng ya Aforika Borwa ya Gauteng. Lerato la gagwe la go diragatsa le simolotse fa a le dingwaga di le boferabongwe mme o ne a itumelela go tsaya karolo mo dithutong tsa botaki le drama. Fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le bone o ne a tsaya karolo mo kgaisanong ya drama kwa sekolong sa gagwe e a neng a e fenya.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment "Uzalo actor Masoja Msiza on how men should treat women a man must protect and not bully women"]. channel24.co.za. 18 April 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2020.</ref> Fa a sena go fetsa sekolo o ne a bona tiro ya go nna moepi mme a feleletsa a lelekilwe mmogo le badiri ba bangwe ba meepo ba ba neng ba le mo [[:en:Strike_action|strike]].<ref>[https://www.bona.co.za/uzalos-masoja-msiza-is-the-man-we-love-to-hate/&grqid=ffaNJZUy&s=1&hl=en-ZA "Uzalos Masoja Msiza is the man we love to hate"]. bona.co.za. Retrieved 5 March 2020.</ref>Morago ga go lelekwa mo tirong, o ne a leka ka bojotlhe go tswelela ka toro ya gagwe ya go nna modiragatsi mme gig ya gagwe ya ntlha e ne ya bontshiwa mo motshamekong o o bidiwang "Mfowethu" e e neng e kaelwa ke [[:en:Gibson_Kente|Gibson Kente]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gibson-Kente&grqid=2sCop9JO&s=1&hl=en-ZA "Gibson Kente"]. britannica.com. Retrieved 5 March 2020.</ref> == TIRO == Msiza o simolotse tiro ya gagwe e le mmoki mme morago a nna modiragatsi wa serala le setshwantsho sa motshikinyego, seopedi le moanedi wa dikgang. O tlhageletse mo difiliming di le mmalwa tse di itsiweng thata jaaka [[:en:Kalushi|Kalushi:]] [[:en:Kalushi|The story of Solomon Mahlangu]] le [[:en:A_Million_Colours|A Million Colours]].<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4976016/&grqid=f3m9AyuX&s=1&hl=en-ZA "Masoja Msiza"]. IMDb. Retrieved 6 March 2020.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, seabe sa gagwe se se tlhageletseng thata ke go tshwantsha ga gagwe morena wa bosenyi yo o setlhogo Nkunzebomvu "Nkunzi" Mhlongo mo pontshong ya setshwantsho sa motshikinyego e e lebelelwang thata mo Aforika Borwa [[:en:Uzalo|Uzalo]].<ref>[https://iol.co.za/sundayindependent/lifestyle/2018-05-21-masoja-msiza-on-playing-sly-and-ruthless-nkunzi/ "Masoja Msiza on playing the sly and ruthless nkunzi"]. iol.co.za. Retrieved 5 March 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.sowetan.co.za/sundayworld/news/2018-05-15-uzalo-star-masoja-msiza-on-divorce-i-miss-my-kids/ "Uzalo star on divorce 'I miss my kids' — Masoja Msiza"]. sowetanlive.co.za. 15 May 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/top-five-soapies-south-africa-January-2020/ "Top five soapies in South Africa"]. thesouthafrican.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020.</ref>O tlhageletse gape mo series tsa setshwantsho sa motshikinyego di le mmalwa jaaka [[:en:Scandal!|Scandal!]], Shreads le Dreams, [[:en:Rhythm_City|Rhythm City]], Intersexions, Sokhulu & Partners, le Making Cents with the Sitholes.<ref>[https://hararelive.com/2020/02/24/all-you-need-to-know-about-masoja-msiza-nkunzi-in-uzalo/&grqid=7t1cnxtx&s=1&hl=en-ZA "All you need to know about Masoja Msiza"]. hararelive.com. 24 February 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2020.</ref> Ka 2016, o ne a bona karolo ya gagwe ya ntlha ya go tshameka mo setshwantsho sa motshinyego mo filiming e e bidiwang "Ring of Lies".<ref>[https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment "Hot new boxing telenovela to hit Mzansi Magic!"]. channel24.co.za. 7 April 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2020.</ref> Ka 2004, o ne a kwalela [[:en:South_Africa_national_soccer_team|South African National Football Team]] maboko kwa dikgaisanong tsa [[:en:Africa_Cup_of_Nations|AFCON]] tse di neng di tshwaretswe kwa [[Tunisia]]. Gape o ne a kwala le go diragatsa maboko a ipapatso a seromamoweng se segolo sa Aforika Borwa sa [[:en:Ukhozi_FM|Ukhozi FM]].<ref>[https://youthvillage.co.za/2017/06/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-masoja-msiza/&grqid=yD_VSDzC&s=1&hl=en-ZA "10 things you didn't know about Masoja Msiza"]. youthvillage. 6 June 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2020.</ref> Ka Seetebosigo 22, 2019, Masoja Msiza gammogo le Dudu Khoza ba ne ba aba Dikabo tsa Mmino wa Cothoza tsa ntlha tsa ngwaga le ngwaga tse di neng di tshwerwe ke setlhopha sa mmino wa A cappella se se fentseng gantsi sa [[:en:Ladysmith_Black_Mambazo|Ladysmith Black Mambazo]].<ref>[https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sa-ladysmith-black-mambazo-host-first-cothoza-music-awards "SA: Ladysmith Black Mambazo host first annual Music Awards"]. musicinafrica.net. Retrieved 6 March 2020.</ref> == DIFILIMI TSE A DI TSHAMEKILENG == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ngwaga !Filimi !Karolo |- |2011 |''Sokhulu & Partners'' |Mthethwa |- |2011 |''[[Isidingo]]'' |Saul |- |2012 |''Zama Zama'' |Oliver |- |2013 |''Zabalaza'' |Lary |- |2013 |''Mfolozi Street'' |Mandla |- |2013 |''Intersexions'' |Malinga |- |2013–2014 |''Inkaba'' |Goodman |- |2012 |''A Place Called Home'' |Hudson |- |2016 |''[[Isibaya]]'' |Bhodlimpi |- |2016 |''Kalushi: The Story of Solomon Mahlangu'' |Moruti Ndlovu |- |2014 |[[Rhythm City (letoto lwa Thelebishene)|''Rhythm City'' (letoto lwa Thelebishene)]] |Joe Mafelane |- |2015 |''Zone 14'' |Thomas |- |2015–2016 |''Umlilo'' |Welcome |- |2015 |''Ya Lla'' |Molebeledi wa Heke |- |2015–2017 |''Rings of Lies'' |Mandla |- |2018–Jaanong |''[[Uzalo]]'' |Nkunzebomvu Mhlongo |} == DIPOKO LE DIPINA == * ''Time to Rhyme'' * ''Babulawelani'' * ''The Click Poem'' * ''Nokuthula'' * ''The 8th Man'' * ''Hamba Nami'' * ''My Love'' * ''Hallelujah'' * ''Mbalif'' * ''My Skin'' * ''Women and the Ocean'' == BOTSHELO JWA GAGWE == Msiza ke rre wa bana ba le bararo, ngwana a le mongwe wa mosimane le ba le babedi ba basetsana.<ref>[https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-05-15-masoja-msiza-on-divorce-i-thought-the-cycle-would-end-with-me-but-it-didnt/&grqid=1J7tBSFP&s=1&hl=en-ZA "Masoja Msiza on divorce — i thought the cycle would end with me but it didn't"]. timeslive.co.za. 15 May 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2020.[''dead link'']</ref> == DIKGELE LE GO TLHOPHIWA == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ngwaga !Moletlo wa Dikgele !Karolo ya Sekgele !Moamogedi !Maduo !Metswedi |- |2018 |[[Dstv]] Mzansi Magic Viewers Choice Awards |Motshameki yo o Gaisang |Masoja Msiza |O tlhophilwe |<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250409212851/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/dstv-mzansi-magic-viewers-choice-awards-2018-all-winners%26grqid%3Dcg1c1lvT%26s%3D1%26hl%3Den-ZA "Mzansi Magic Viewers Choice Awards 2018"]. musicinafrica.net. Retrieved 6 March 2020.</ref> |- |2024 |Simon Mabhunu Sabela Film and Television Awards |''Dear Future Wife'' | |O fentse |<ref>Birjalal, Alyssia (13 June 2024). [https://www.iol.co.za/sunday-tribune/entertainment/look-nominees-for-the-11th-simon-mabhunu-sabela-film-and-television-awards-revealed-c8474812-2d3e-40ab-807e-94541c1c1cc0 "LOOK: Nominees for the 11th Simon 'Mabhunu' Sabela Film and Television Awards revealed"]. ''Independent Online''. Retrieved 20 July 2024.</ref><ref>Ramalepe, Phumi (21 July 2024). [https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/tv/2024-simon-mabhunu-sabela-awards-illuminate-kwazulu-natals-cinematic-brilliance-and-global-impact-20240721 "2024 Simon Mabhunu Sabela Awards illuminate KwaZulu-Natal's cinematic brilliance and global impact"]. South Africa: News24. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</ref> |} === Bona Gape === * ''[[Uzalo]]'' * ''[[Kalushi: The Story of Solomon]]'' * ''[[A Million Colours]]'' == METSWEDI == o4ea0hmnjqpidr84n71mteld2w9okja Makgadikgadi pans 0 13190 52248 49683 2026-07-09T19:04:02Z Tebogo Samuel Mokobi 11704 52248 wikitext text/x-wiki Ga e a tshwanela go thakathakanngwa le letsha la Makgadikgadi. '''Makgadikgadi Pans''' ke lefelo la matsha a letswai le le tona le le kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa [[Botswana]]. Ke nngwe ya mafelo a letswai a matona mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Letsha leno ke lone fela le le setseng la Letsha le legolo la Makgadikgadi, le le kileng la bo le le bogolo jo bo fetang Switzerland, mme le ne la kgala dingwaga di le diketekete tse di fetileng. Dipatlisiso tsa bosheng jaana tsa DNA ya mitochondrial ya motho di bontsha gore Homo sapiens ya segompieno e simolotse go nna teng mo kgaolong eno dingwaga di le 200 000 tse di fetileng, fa e ne e le lefelo le legolo le le nonneng thata la matsha, dinoka, mafelo a nang le ditsobotla, dikgwa le mafulo a a neng a siametse gore batho ba ka nna mo go one bogolo jang batho le diphologolo tse dingwe tse di amusang. == Ditso == Bogologolo, lefelo le ne le tletse metsi e le letsha le letona la Makgadikgadi. Morago ga dingwaga tse dintsintsi, metsi a ne a phedila mme ga sala letswai le re le bonang gompieno.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Makgadikgadi-Salt-Pans</ref> == Bojanala == Lefelo le le itsege ka ditlhare tsa bo-Baobab (moana) le mosepele o motona wa diphologolo jaaka dipitsi (zebras).<ref>https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at0908</ref> Seteisane sa diterena sa [[Gweta]] ke sone se gaufi le go tsena mo matsheng a.Fa dipula di sena go na, matsha a a tlala metsi mme a gogele dipalo tse dintsi tsa dinonyane jaaka bo-flamingo. Gape, go na le mosepele o motona wa dipitsi (zebras) le dikokong (wildebeest) tse di tlang go fula bojang bo bo talana.<ref>https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/explore/makgadikgadi-pans</ref> == Ditshwantsho == <gallery> Setshwantsho:KubuIsland 02.jpg|Setlhaka sa Kubu (Kubu Island) mo Sua Pan. Setshwantsho:Baobab in Savuti - Botswana - panoramio.jpg|Setlhare sa Moana (Baobab) se se tumeng mo Botswana. Setshwantsho:Flamingo migration Makgadikgadi Pan.jpg|Dinonyane tsa Flamingo kwa Makgadikgadi. </gallery> == Metswedi == <gallery> </gallery> tqbdlnyqkon1s605caud9q2w9jh478y 52250 52248 2026-07-09T19:24:43Z Lucrucia98 12161 52250 wikitext text/x-wiki Ga e a tshwanela go thakathakanngwa le letsha la Makgadikgadi. '''Makgadikgadi Pans''' ke lefelo la matsha a letswai le le tona le le kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa [[Botswana]]. Ke nngwe ya mafelo a letswai a matona mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Letsha leno ke lone fela le le setseng la Letsha le legolo la Makgadikgadi, le le kileng la bo le le bogolo jo bo fetang Switzerland, mme le ne la kgala dingwaga di le diketekete tse di fetileng. Dipatlisiso tsa bosheng jaana tsa DNA ya mitochondrial ya motho di bontsha gore Homo sapiens ya segompieno e simolotse go nna teng mo kgaolong eno dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mabedi (200 000) tse di fetileng, fa e ne e le lefelo le legolo le le nonneng thata la matsha, dinoka, mafelo a nang le ditsobotla, dikgwa le mafulo a a neng a siametse gore batho ba ka nna mo go one bogolo jang batho le diphologolo tse dingwe tse di amusang. == Ditso == Bogologolo, lefelo le ne le tletse metsi e le letsha le letona la Makgadikgadi. Morago ga dingwaga tse dintsintsi, metsi a ne a phedila mme ga sala letswai le re le bonang gompieno.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Makgadikgadi-Salt-Pans</ref> == Bojanala == Lefelo le le itsege ka ditlhare tsa bo-Baobab (moana) le mosepele o motona wa diphologolo jaaka dipitsi (zebras).<ref>https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at0908</ref> Seteisane sa diterena sa [[Gweta]] ke sone se gaufi le go tsena mo matsheng a.Fa dipula di sena go na, matsha a a tlala metsi mme a gogele dipalo tse dintsi tsa dinonyane jaaka bo-flamingo. Gape, go na le mosepele o motona wa dipitsi (zebras) le dikokong (wildebeest) tse di tlang go fula bojang bo bo talana.<ref>https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/explore/makgadikgadi-pans</ref> == Ditshwantsho == <gallery> Setshwantsho:KubuIsland 02.jpg|Setlhaka sa Kubu (Kubu Island) mo Sua Pan. Setshwantsho:Baobab in Savuti - Botswana - panoramio.jpg|Setlhare sa Moana (Baobab) se se tumeng mo Botswana. Setshwantsho:Flamingo migration Makgadikgadi Pan.jpg|Dinonyane tsa Flamingo kwa Makgadikgadi. </gallery> == Metswedi == <gallery> </gallery> l00fry5069yi80m9v55ncmykt56dbqz 52251 52250 2026-07-09T19:34:36Z Tebogo Samuel Mokobi 11704 #WIKIPEDIA 25 52251 wikitext text/x-wiki Ga e a tshwanela go thakathakanngwa le letsha la Makgadikgadi. '''Makgadikgadi Pans''' ke lefelo la matsha a letswai le le tona le le kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa [[Botswana]]. Ke nngwe ya mafelo a letswai a matona mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Letsha leno ke lone fela le le setseng la Letsha le legolo la Makgadikgadi, le le kileng la bo le le bogolo jo bo fetang Switzerland, mme le ne la kgala dingwaga di le diketekete tse di fetileng. Dipatlisiso tsa bosheng jaana tsa DNA ya mitochondrial ya motho di bontsha gore Homo sapiens ya segompieno e simolotse go nna teng mo kgaolong eno dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mabedi (200 000) tse di fetileng, fa e ne e le lefelo le legolo le le nonneng thata la matsha, dinoka, mafelo a nang le ditsobotla, dikgwa le mafulo a a neng a siametse gore batho ba ka nna mo go one bogolo jang batho le diphologolo tse dingwe tse di amusang. == Lefelo le Tlhaloso == Makgadikgadi, e e leng kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Okavango Delta mme e dikologilwe ke Sekaka sa Kalahari, ga se lekadiba le lengwe fela, mme ke makadiba a le mantsi a a nang le sekaka sa motlhaba fa gare, a magolo go gaisa ke a Sua (Soa), Ntwetwe le Nxai. Letamo le legolo la lone le ka nna 4,900 km2 (1900 sq mi). Dikgapetla tseno di omeletse, di na le letswai ebile di dirilwe ka letsopa mo e ka nnang ngwaga otlhe, mme ka dinako dingwe di khurumediwa ke metsi le bojang, mme ke botshabelo jwa dinonyane le diphologolo mo karolong eno e omeletseng thata ya lefatshe. Tlelaemete ya teng e mogote ebile e omeletse mme pula e na ka metlha ngwaga le ngwaga. == Ditso == Bogologolo, lefelo le ne le tletse metsi e le letsha le letona la Makgadikgadi. Morago ga dingwaga tse dintsintsi, metsi a ne a phedila mme ga sala letswai le re le bonang gompieno.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Makgadikgadi-Salt-Pans</ref> == Bojanala == Lefelo le le itsege ka ditlhare tsa bo-Baobab (moana) le mosepele o motona wa diphologolo jaaka dipitsi (zebras).<ref>https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at0908</ref> Seteisane sa diterena sa [[Gweta]] ke sone se gaufi le go tsena mo matsheng a.Fa dipula di sena go na, matsha a a tlala metsi mme a gogele dipalo tse dintsi tsa dinonyane jaaka bo-flamingo. Gape, go na le mosepele o motona wa dipitsi (zebras) le dikokong (wildebeest) tse di tlang go fula bojang bo bo talana.<ref>https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/explore/makgadikgadi-pans</ref> == Ditshwantsho == <gallery> Setshwantsho:KubuIsland 02.jpg|Setlhaka sa Kubu (Kubu Island) mo Sua Pan. Setshwantsho:Baobab in Savuti - Botswana - panoramio.jpg|Setlhare sa Moana (Baobab) se se tumeng mo Botswana. Setshwantsho:Flamingo migration Makgadikgadi Pan.jpg|Dinonyane tsa Flamingo kwa Makgadikgadi. </gallery> == Metswedi == <gallery> </gallery> fi1s8bwdddbxahfpl54q1de3f0m1bdz 52252 52251 2026-07-09T19:57:33Z Tebogo Samuel Mokobi 11704 52252 wikitext text/x-wiki Ga e a tshwanela go thakathakanngwa le letsha la Makgadikgadi. '''Makgadikgadi Pans''' ke lefelo la matsha a letswai le le tona le le kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa [[Botswana]]. Ke nngwe ya mafelo a letswai a matona mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Letsha leno ke lone fela le le setseng la Letsha le legolo la Makgadikgadi, le le kileng la bo le le bogolo jo bo fetang Switzerland, mme le ne la kgala dingwaga di le diketekete tse di fetileng. Dipatlisiso tsa bosheng jaana tsa DNA ya mitochondrial ya motho di bontsha gore Homo sapiens ya segompieno e simolotse go nna teng mo kgaolong eno dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mabedi (200 000) tse di fetileng, fa e ne e le lefelo le legolo le le nonneng thata la matsha, dinoka, mafelo a nang le ditsobotla, dikgwa le mafulo a a neng a siametse gore batho ba ka nna mo go one bogolo jang batho le diphologolo tse dingwe tse di amusang. == Lefelo le Tlhaloso == Makgadikgadi, e e leng kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Okavango Delta mme e dikologilwe ke Sekaka sa Kalahari, ga se lekadiba le lengwe fela, mme ke makadiba a le mantsi a a nang le sekaka sa motlhaba fa gare, a magolo go gaisa ke a Sua (Soa), Ntwetwe le Nxai. Letamo le legolo la lone le ka nna 4,900 km2 (1900 sq mi). Dikgapetla tseno di omeletse, di na le letswai ebile di dirilwe ka letsopa mo e ka nnang ngwaga otlhe, mme ka dinako dingwe di khurumediwa ke metsi le bojang, mme ke botshabelo jwa dinonyane le diphologolo mo karolong eno e omeletseng thata ya lefatshe. Tlelaemete ya teng e mogote ebile e omeletse mme pula e na ka metlha ngwaga le ngwaga. Motswedi o mogolo wa metsi ke noka ya Nata e e boleele jwa dikilometara di le 330, e e bidiwang Amanzanyama kwa Zimbabwe, e e simololang kwa Sandown e e ka nnang dikolemetara di le 60 go tswa kwa Bulawayo. Nako ya Boteti e e tswang ko Okavango Delta e tlisa metsi a mannye. Metsi ano a letswai a akaretsa disekwere kilometara di le 16 000 mo Mokgatsheng wa Kalahari mme ke one a dirang letsha la bogologolo la Makgadikgadi, le le neng la swafala dingwaga di le diketekete tse di fetileng. Go ribololwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo kwa Makgadikgadi Pan go supile go nna teng ga batho ba pele ga histori ka go bona didirisiwa tse dintse tsa matlapa; dingwe tsa didirisiwa tseno di ne di le tsa nako e e fetileng go tlhomamisa gore di simologile pele ga motlha wa Homo sapiens. Badisa ba ne ba fudisa diruiwa tse di neng di fula fano fa metsi a ne a le mantsi kwa tshimologong ya Holocene. == Ditso == Bogologolo, lefelo le ne le tletse metsi e le letsha le letona la Makgadikgadi. Morago ga dingwaga tse dintsintsi, metsi a ne a phedila mme ga sala letswai le re le bonang gompieno.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Makgadikgadi-Salt-Pans</ref> == Bojanala == Lefelo le le itsege ka ditlhare tsa bo-Baobab (moana) le mosepele o motona wa diphologolo jaaka dipitsi (zebras).<ref>https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at0908</ref> Seteisane sa diterena sa [[Gweta]] ke sone se gaufi le go tsena mo matsheng a.Fa dipula di sena go na, matsha a a tlala metsi mme a gogele dipalo tse dintsi tsa dinonyane jaaka bo-flamingo. Gape, go na le mosepele o motona wa dipitsi (zebras) le dikokong (wildebeest) tse di tlang go fula bojang bo bo talana.<ref>https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/explore/makgadikgadi-pans</ref> == Ditshwantsho == <gallery> Setshwantsho:KubuIsland 02.jpg|Setlhaka sa Kubu (Kubu Island) mo Sua Pan. Setshwantsho:Baobab in Savuti - Botswana - panoramio.jpg|Setlhare sa Moana (Baobab) se se tumeng mo Botswana. Setshwantsho:Flamingo migration Makgadikgadi Pan.jpg|Dinonyane tsa Flamingo kwa Makgadikgadi. </gallery> == Metswedi == <gallery> </gallery> 7bjw05ncke5eozehpwlwi9fni14z9yg 52266 52252 2026-07-10T05:51:24Z Lucrucia98 12161 52266 wikitext text/x-wiki Ga e a tshwanela go thakathakanngwa le letsha la Makgadikgadi. '''Makgadikgadi Pans''' ke lefelo la matsha a letswai le le tona le le kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa [[Botswana]]. Ke nngwe ya mafelo a letswai a matona mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Letsha leno ke lone fela le le setseng la Letsha le legolo la Makgadikgadi, le le kileng la bo le le bogolo jo bo fetang Switzerland, mme le ne la kgala dingwaga di le diketekete tse di fetileng. Dipatlisiso tsa bosheng jaana tsa DNA ya mitochondrial ya motho di bontsha gore Homo sapiens ya segompieno e simolotse go nna teng mo kgaolong eno dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mabedi (200 000) tse di fetileng, fa e ne e le lefelo le legolo le le nonneng thata la matsha, dinoka, mafelo a nang le ditsobotla, dikgwa le mafulo a a neng a siametse gore batho ba ka nna mo go one bogolo jang batho le diphologolo tse dingwe tse di amusang. == Lefelo le Tlhaloso == Makgadikgadi, e e leng kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Okavango Delta mme e dikologilwe ke Sekaka sa Kalahari, ga se lekadiba le lengwe fela, mme ke makadiba a le mantsi a a nang le sekaka sa motlhaba fa gare, a magolo go gaisa ke a Sua (Soa), Ntwetwe le Nxai. Letamo le legolo la lone le ka nna 4,900 km2 (1900 sq mi). Dikgapetla tseno di omeletse, di na le letswai ebile di dirilwe ka letsopa mo e ka nnang ngwaga otlhe, mme ka dinako dingwe di khurumediwa ke metsi le bojang, mme ke botshabelo jwa dinonyane le diphologolo mo karolong eno e omeletseng thata ya lefatshe. Tlelaemete ya teng e mogote ebile e omeletse mme pula e na ka metlha ngwaga le ngwaga. Motswedi o mogolo wa metsi ke noka ya Nata e e boleele jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a mararo , e e bidiwang Amanzanyama kwa Zimbabwe, e e simololang kwa Sandown e e ka nnang dikolemetara di le masome a marataro go tswa kwa Bulawayo. Nako ya Boteti e e tswang ko Okavango Delta e tlisa metsi a mannye. Metsi ano a letswai a akaretsa disekwere kilometara di le dikete tse lesome le borataro (16 000) mo Mokgatsheng wa Kalahari mme ke one a dirang letsha la bogologolo la Makgadikgadi, le le neng la swafala dingwaga di le diketekete tse di fetileng. Go ribololwa ga dilo tsa bogologolo kwa Makgadikgadi Pan go supile go nna teng ga batho ba pele ga histori ka go bona didirisiwa tse dintse tsa matlapa; dingwe tsa didirisiwa tseno di ne di le tsa nako e e fetileng go tlhomamisa gore di simologile pele ga motlha wa Homo sapiens. Badisa ba ne ba fudisa diruiwa tse di neng di fula fano fa metsi a ne a le mantsi kwa tshimologong ya Holocene. == Ditso == Bogologolo, lefelo le ne le tletse metsi e le letsha le letona la Makgadikgadi. Morago ga dingwaga tse dintsintsi, metsi a ne a phedila mme ga sala letswai le re le bonang gompieno.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Makgadikgadi-Salt-Pans</ref> == Bojanala == Lefelo le le itsege ka ditlhare tsa bo-Baobab (moana) le mosepele o motona wa diphologolo jaaka dipitsi (zebras).<ref>https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at0908</ref> Seteisane sa diterena sa [[Gweta]] ke sone se gaufi le go tsena mo matsheng a.Fa dipula di sena go na, matsha a a tlala metsi mme a gogele dipalo tse dintsi tsa dinonyane jaaka bo-flamingo. Gape, go na le mosepele o motona wa dipitsi (zebras) le dikokong (wildebeest) tse di tlang go fula bojang bo bo talana.<ref>https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/explore/makgadikgadi-pans</ref> == Ditshwantsho == <gallery> Setshwantsho:KubuIsland 02.jpg|Setlhaka sa Kubu (Kubu Island) mo Sua Pan. Setshwantsho:Baobab in Savuti - Botswana - panoramio.jpg|Setlhare sa Moana (Baobab) se se tumeng mo Botswana. Setshwantsho:Flamingo migration Makgadikgadi Pan.jpg|Dinonyane tsa Flamingo kwa Makgadikgadi. </gallery> == Metswedi == <gallery> </gallery> dc0xstwj9a77sepxu35uso3bqhb0bes Lalao Ravalomanana 0 13196 52268 49692 2026-07-10T06:42:32Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Lalao Ravalomanana|image=Lalao Ravalomanana.jpg|caption=Ravalomanana ka 2017|office=Mmatoropo wa Antananarivo|term_start=Phalane a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa 2015|term_end=Firikgong a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa 2020|predecessor=Olga Rasminamanana (a tshwareletse)|successor=[[Naina Andriantsitohaina]]|office1=Mohumagadi wa ga tautona wa Madagascar|term_start1=Motsheganong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 2002|term_end1=Mopitlo a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa 2009|president1=[[Marc Ravalomanana]]|predecessor1=[[Celine Ratsiraka]]|successor1=[[Mialy Rajoelina]]|birth_date=Motsheganong 1953|birth_name=Lalao Harivelo Rakotonirainy|birth_place=[[Antananarivo]]|party=[[I Love Madagascar]]|spouse=[[Marc Ravalomanana]] (ba nyalane ka 1974)}} '''Neny Lalao Rakotonirainy Ravalomanana''' (o o tshotsweng ka 1953) ke mogwebi le mopolotiki wa kwa [[Madagascar]] o o berekileng e le mohumagadi wa ga tautona ya Madagascar go tswa ka 2002 go tsena 2009, fa monna wa gagwe, [[Marc Ravalomanana]], e ne e le tautona. Ravalomanana o tsholwe ka leina la Lalao Harivelo Rakotonirainy kwa [[Antananarivo]], kwa Madagascar o a neng le fa ka tlase ga puso ya [[France]].<ref>[https://www.jeuneafrique.com/137593/politique/madagascar-lalao-ravalomanana-au-nom-de-marc/ "Madagascar : Lalao Ravalomanana, au nom de Marc]". ''Jeune Afrique''. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> O nyetswe ke Marc Ravalomanana ka 1974 kwa moletlong o o neng o tshwaretswe kwa Imerikasinina.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20260425143627/https://madagate.org/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi "Madagascar First ladies : De Justine à Voahangy, en passant par les deux Thérèse".] ''Madagate.com''. 14 February 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171015120738/http://www.madagate.org/reportages/manifestation/3911-madagascar-first-ladies-de-justine-a-voahangy-en-passant-par-les-deux-therese.html Archived] from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Bobedi bo ne bo na le bana ba le bane: Josoa, Tojo, Sarah le Maika.<ref name=":0" /> Ka Moranang 2013, Lalao Ravalomanana o ne a itshupa fa a batla go emela ditlhopho tsa 2013 tsa botautona, ditlhopho tse monna wa gagwe a neng a ileditswe go di emela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130626023129/http://www.lexpressmada.com/lalao-ravalomanana-nee-rakotonirainy-madagascar/44028--moi-presidente-lui-gerera-tiko-.html "LALAO RAVALOMANANA, Née RAKOTONIRAINY – " Moi présidente, lui gèrera Tiko ""]. ''L' express de Madagascar''. Archived from [https://www.lexpress.mg/lalao-ravalomanana-nee-rakotonirainy-madagascar/44028--moi-presidente-lui-gerera-tiko-.html the original] on 26 June 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924180844/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/25/us-madagascar-election-idUSBRE93O0W420130425 "Wife of Madagascar's ousted president makes leadership bid".] ''Reuters''. 25 April 2013. Archived from [https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/25/us-madagascar-election-idUSBRE93O0W420130425 the original] on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref><ref>Iloniaina, Alain (25 April 2013). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-madagascar-election/wife-of-madagascars-ousted-president-makes-leadership-bid-idUSBRE93O0W420130425 "Wife of Madagascar's ousted president makes leadership bid".] ''Reuters''. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, Ravalomanana o a neng a sa tswa go bowa kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] kwa a neng a tshabetse teng a nna teng le monna wa gagwe, o ne a idiwa go emela ditlhopho ka a ne a sa nna mo Madagascar dikgwedi tse thataro pele ga ditlhopho.<ref>Polgreen, Lydia (18 August 2013). [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/19/world/africa/top-presidential-candidates-barred-from-election-in-madagascar.html?_r=0 "Top Presidential Candidates Barred From Election in Madagascar".] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Ravalomanana o ne a ema nokeng ngaka le mopolotiki [[Jean Louis Robinson]] go tswa kwa [[Antananarivo]].<ref>[https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mouvance-ravalomanana-to-support-visionary-presidential-candidate-223599541.html "Mouvance Ravalomanana to Support Visionary Presidential Candidate"]. PR Newswire. 13 September 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Go tswa ka Phatwe 2015 go tsena Firikgong 2020 Lalao Ravalomanana o ne a bereka e le mmatoropo wa Antananarivo. == Metswedi == epz30rhn8tf2bfq0b4y0hibbcosln2m Noka ya Sonderend 0 13462 52304 50399 2026-07-10T11:17:17Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Sonderend|image_name=The Sonderend River in flood.jpg|caption=Noka go le morwalela|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|origin=[[Kapa Bophirima]]|mouth=[[Noka ya Breede]]|location=fa gare ga Stormsvlei le Swellendam|length=115 km (71 mi)|elevation=84 m (276 ft)}} '''Noka ya Sonderend''', e e itsegeng gape ka leina la Riviersondered (lefoko la [[Seburu|Afrikaans]] le le rayang noka) ke noka e e tshelang kwa nokeng ya Breede, e e kwa kgaolong ya [[Bokone Bophirima]], kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Motse wa Riviersondered go dumelwa fa o tsaya leina la one mo nokeng e. == Leina == Ka ngwaga wa 1673, Willem ten Rhyne o ne a re noka e e "sine fine flumen" (mafoko a puo ya Italian a a rayang noka e e sa feleng). Ka ngwaga wa 1707, Jan Hatogh, motlhokomedi wa dimela wa kompone ya Dutch kwa India botlhaba, o ne a re noka e e "Kantdydnn", mo go ka tswang go tswa mo lefokong la "Kamma-kan Kamma" le le rayang "metsi- metsi a a sa feleng". Batho ba Hessequa e ne e le morafe wa badisa ba Khoi-khoi.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20260708155800/http://www.riviersonderend.co.za/ Welcome to Riviersonderend !!!]". riviersonderend.co.za. Retrieved 09 June 2026</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20050321224648/http://www.tanap.net/content/activities/documents/resolutions_Cape_of_Good_Hope/introduction_english/38.htm Intro (English) to the Resolutions of Cape of Good Hope / Place names of Khoi origi]n". Archived from the original on March 21, 2005.</ref> == Matamo a a mo nokeng == * [[Letamo la Theewaterskloof]] == Metswedi == doxhkjay08d5388d4xqg2l74psmqdvm Noka ya Buffeljags 0 13674 52299 50796 2026-07-10T10:41:50Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52299 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Buffeljasriver.jpg|thumb]] '''Noka ya Buffeljags''' ke noka e e simololang kwa go kopanang dinoka tse dingwe tse edi, e nngwe e le noka ya Grootvadersbos e nngwe e le noka ya Tradou. Bokopano jo bo kwa botlhaba jwa toropo e potlana ya Suurbraak kwa [[Kapa Bophirima]]. Tradouw Pass e kwa bokone jwa bokopano jo. Kwa bophirima jwa toropo e noka e elelela kwa letamong la Buffeljags, e bo e elelela kwa borwa go kopana le noka ya Breede, go se kgakala le Bontebok National Park. == Lefelo la Buffeljagsrivier == Buffeljagsrivier gape ke leina la motsana wa temothuo kwa kgaolong eo. Lefelo la Buffeljagsriver le na le boleng mo ditsong. Leina la lone le tswa kwa dingwageng tsa 1800 fa morwa mookamedi Hendrick Swellengrebel, o Swellendam a reeletsweng ka ene, a etetse lefelo leo. Go bolelwa fa a ne a bolaya nare ya bofelo e e neng e nna mo lefelong leo. Gompieno, Buffeljagsriver ke lefelo le le phophomang ka temothou, go lemilwe dimela tse di farologaneng gape go godisiwa diphologolo tse di farologaneng. Mo mafelong a bojanala go na le Rotterdam<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260616160221/http://www.dewagenhuis.com/ "Home".] ''dewagenhuis.com''</ref>, masimo a lavender<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170425115141/http://lavender-farm.co.za/Home.htm "Home of the Swellendam Lavender Farm in South Africa"]. Archived from [http://lavender-farm.co.za/Home.htm the original] on 2017-04-25. Retrieved 2026-06-16</ref> le a moretlwa.<ref>[http://www.olivedaleprivatevineyards.co.za/ "Home".] ''olivedaleprivatevineyards.co.za''.</ref> Lefelo le, mmu wa lone o nonne, le ntsha dimela tse di farologaneng jaaka merogo, maungo, masi, cheese, lavender le dipepere. Letamo la Buffeljags,<ref name=":0">[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Buffeljags+dam/@-34.029408,20.5406765,15.65z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x1dd3dbbec66f79cd:0xcd02519118eb6ea5!8m2!3d-34.019015!4d20.5331402?shorturl=1 "Buffeljags dam · Unnamed Road, South Africa"]. ''Buffeljags dam · Unnamed Road, South Africa''. Retrieved 2026-06-16</ref> le le kwa tlase ga dithaba tsa Langeberg le netefatsa gore go na le metsi ngwaga otlhe a a dirisiwang mo masimong. Ditiragalo tse di dirwang kwa Buffeljags<ref name=":0" /> di akaretsa go ijesa monate, go tshwara ditlhapi, go pagama mekoro le go lebelela phirimi ya letsatsi. Lefelo le le na le mafelo a go tshwara bokopano le go agisana. == Mafelo a a kgatlhang == * [[Bontebok National Park]] * Letamo la Buffeljags<ref name=":0" /> == Dikgwebo mo lefelong leo == === Boroko le itloso bodutu === * [[Kwetu Guest Farm]] * [[Rotterdam Boutique Hotel]] * [[Umshanti Buffeljags]] * Laeveld<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/LAEVELD/@-34.0420836,20.5392377,17z/data=!4m8!3m7!1s0x1dd3da126a89583d:0xb9f298446b980c78!5m2!4m1!1i2!8m2!3d-34.0431248!4d20.5357866?shorturl=1 "LAEVELD · LAEVELD, Buffeljagsrivier, 6742. Gedeelte 2 van plaas 162, Buffeljagsrivier, 6740, South Africa".] ''LAEVELD · LAEVELD, Buffeljagsrivier, 6742. Gedeelte 2 van plaas 162, Buffeljagsrivier, 6740, South Africa''. Retrieved 2026-06-16</ref> === Thekiso === * Masi le sukiri<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Milk+and+Sugar/@-34.0362692,20.5392055,17z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x1dd3da6aa8619b6f:0x423b6ada7623c261!8m2!3d-34.0385549!4d20.5452054?shorturl=1 "Milk and Sugar · Barrydale, South Africa".] ''Milk and Sugar · Barrydale, South Africa''. Retrieved 2026-06-16</ref> * Infanta 4 8 trailers == Madirelo le temothuo == * [[Setshwantsho:Perske bome.jpg|thumb]]Lancewood * Thornlands Group<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Thornlands+Group/@-34.0333085,20.5328433,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x1dd3d18cb99b28c1:0xaa6f0ec4366695ac!8m2!3d-34.033313!4d20.535032?shorturl=1 "Thornlands Group · Swellendam, 6740, South Africa".] ''Thornlands Group · Swellendam, 6740, South Africa''. Retrieved 2026-06-16</ref> * Swellenfruit Packing == Metswedi == 90kcijwh8n9su6lndzm6l9889cg619u Letamo la Berekese 0 13942 52274 51370 2026-07-10T07:12:30Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52274 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Barekese''' ke letamo le le mo Nokeng ya Ofin le le tshegetsang lefelo le letona la go phepafatsa metsi la Kumasi kwa Kgaolong ya Ashanti kwa lefatsheng la [[Ghana]], le le tlamelang ka diperesente di ka nna masome a robabobedi tsa metsi a a nowang a toropo le tikologo e e e dikologileng.<ref>[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=202481 "Government gets funding for expansion of Barekese Dam".] ''www.ghanaweb.com''. Retrieved 2015-04-17.</ref><ref>[http://kessbenfm.com/barekese-dam-under-threat-from-encroachers/ "Barekese Dam under threat from encroachers - Kessben FM".] Retrieved 2015-04-17.</ref>E tsamaisiwa ke Kompone Metsi ya lefatshe la Ghana. == Ditso == Letamo le agilwe ke Tautona wa ntlha wa lefatshe la Ghana, [[Dr. Kwame Nkrumah]]. E simolotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano (1965), mme ya wediwa ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borobabongwe (1969) ka maikaelelo a go tlamela batho ba Kumasi ka metsi le motlakase.<ref>-SpyGhana.com, Ghana. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210627212631/https://www.spyghana.com/revive-nkrumahs-barekese-power-project/ "Revive Nkrumah's Barekese Power Project -".] Retrieved 2015-04-17.</ref><ref>[http://graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/7919-chainsaw-operations-rife-at-barekese.html "Chainsaw operations rife at Barekese - Graphic OnlineGraphic.com.gh"]. ''Daily Graphic''. Accra, Ghana. Retrieved 2015-04-17</ref> == Metswedi == gdlufb2txy27by5up407wcp55dvufsw Letamo la Sidi Salem 0 14023 52275 51464 2026-07-10T07:41:29Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52275 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Barage sidi salem.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Sidi Salem]] '''Letamo la Sidi Salem''' ke letamo le le golo go gaisa mo lefatsheng la [[Tunisia]] le le leng dikilometara di le 6 (3.7 mi) bokone bophirima jwa Testour mo nokeng ya Medjerda mo Béja Governorate, kwa lefatsheng la [[Tunisia]]. E agilwe magareng ga ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a roabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa (1977) le ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a roabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bongwe (1981), matamo a a tlamela metsi a go nosetsa le go tshegetsa lefelo la motlakase la lesome le bobedi (12 megawatts (16,000 hp).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170703134303/http://www.hidrotehnika.rs/en/tunisie/sidi-salem/ "Sidi Salem"]. Hidrotehnika-Hidroenergetika. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref> == Metswedi == r2yy3kgyfntjxf3xaj8bs89tbn102uq Letsha la Tumba 0 14056 52280 51544 2026-07-10T08:06:48Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52280 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Tumba DRC.svg|thumb|Letsha la Ntomba, ka bohibidu]] '''Letšha la Ntomba''' (kgotsa '''Tumba''') ke letsha le le seng boteng kwa ntlheng e e kwa bokone-bophirima jwa [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] kwa kgaolong ya Bikoro kwa Equateur.<ref>Blaes, X. (October 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20100401040116/http://rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf "Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo"] (PDF). PNUD-SIG. Archived from [http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2010-04-01. Retrieved 2026-06-25</ref> Leina Tumba le tswa mo go tlhokeng go bitsa leina le sentle ga beng gae. Letsha le bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le makgolo a supa, masome a marataro le botlhano go tswa mo pakeng, le kopantswe le [[noka ya Congo]] ke mosele wa Irebu. Metsi a ka elela go tswa kgotsa go tsena mo letsheng ka mosele o go tswa ka paka le merwalela. Letsha la Ntomba le na le mefuta e le lekgolo, lesome le bone ya ditlhaphi ebile le eme nokeng marekisetso a ditlhaphi a a botlhokwa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080314015746/http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM "INFORMATION ON FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO".] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. January 2001. Archived from [https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM the original] on 2008-03-14. Retrieved 2026-06-25</ref> Letsha le kwa legareng la kgaolo ya Ntomba-Ngiri-Maindombe ke lefelo la makgobokgobo le le botlhokwa go ya ka bokopano jwa Ramsar ka 2008.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210715092755/https://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jul2008/2008-07-24-02.asp "DR Congo Announces World's Largest Protected Wetland".] ''Environment News Service''. July 24, 2008. Retrieved 2026-06-25</ref> Letsha la Ntomba le sekasekilwe ka 1883 ke Henry Morton Stanley. Sekgwa se se dikaganyeditseng letsha se nniwa ke batho ba morafe wa Mongo ba mo kgaolong e ba kgaoganeng gabedi: ba Oto ba ba lemang ba rua, le ba Twa, ba ba tshwarang ditlhapi. == Metswedi == 6zpk136jgafqnin101ff2pl80777t3v Letsha la Mai-Ndombe 0 14058 52278 51548 2026-07-10T07:54:44Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52278 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Mai-Ndombe and Fimi River DRC.svg|thumb|Letsha la Mai-Ndombe kwa nokeng ya Fimi, ka bohibidu]] '''Letšha la Mai-Ndombe''' (ka seFora: Lac '''Mai-Ndombe''', ka puo ya Dutch: '''Mai-Ndombemmer''') ke letsha le le kwa kgaolong ya Mai-Ndombe kwa bophirima jwa [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. Letsha le mo lefelong la Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe, lefelo la makgobokgobo le letona ka botlhokwa le lemogiwa ke bokopano jwa Ramsar mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030639/http://www.envirosecurity.org/espa/PDF/DRC_Logging_concessions_different_periods.pdf "Logging concession different periods"] (PDF). Institute for Environmental Security. Archived from [https://www.envirosecurity.org/espa/PDF/DRC_Logging_concessions_different_periods.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2026-06-25</ref> == Lefelo == Letsha le tshologela kwa borwa le raletse noka ya Fimo go ya kwa dinokeng tsa [[Noka ya Kasai|kwah]] le [[Noka ya Congo|Congo]]. Go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bobedi le ne le itsiwe e le letsha la Leopold II, kgosi wa batho ba Belgium. Mai-Ndombe ke lefoko le le rayang "metsi a mantsho" ka puo ya Kikongo. Letsha le bopegile ka mo go sa tlwaelesegang le farologana ka boteng go tswa dimithara di le tlhano fela go tsena di le lesome. Le apesitse lefelo la dikhilomithara di le dikete pedi, makgolo a mararo, le itsege ka go oketsega gabedi kgotsa ga raro ka paka ya pula. Metsi a lone a na le okisejene mo boteng jwa one otlhe. Matshitshi a a kwa tlase a a dikgwa a dikologile letsha ka ditlhare tsa pula kwa bokone le sekgwa kwa borwa. == Ditshedi == Ditshekatsheko di upolotse mefutafuta ya ditshedi mo nokeng le go e dikologa, ka diphologolo di tshwana le mefuta e mebedi ya otter, bokgano, dinonyane tsa metsi, dikwena le dikhudu.<ref name=":0">Peck, E. (2013, updated 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190222112951/http://feow.org/ecoregions/details/mai_ndombe Mai Ndombe] [https://web.archive.org/web/20170116162721/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/Mai_Ndombe Archived] 2017-01-16 at the Wayback Machine. Freshwater Ecoregions of the World. Retrieved 25 June 2026</ref> Letsha la Mai-Ndombe le na le metsi a mantsho a a nang le asiti, ditlhapi tsa letsha le ga go a kwalwa ka tsone thata, fa go tshwantshanngwa le dikgaolo ste dingwe kwa kgampung ya noka ya Congo.<ref name=":0" /> Le ntswa le tshwana ka popego le letsha la Tumba gape le kopane le lone ka mesele le makgobokgobo, go na le dipharologanyo mo ditlhaping tse di mo matsheng a mabedi a, le mefuta e mengwe e e tshwanang.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Michael Hardman; Melanie L.J. Stiassny. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282762727 "A sexually dimorphic species of ''Chrysichthys'' (Siluriformes: Claroteidae) from Lac Mai-Ndombe, Democratic Republic of the Congo"]. ''Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters''. '''19''' (2): 175–184 – via ResearchGate.</ref> Ditshekatsheko tsa pele di dirilwe ke George Albert Boulenger sedikadike sa dingwaga se se fitileng, go nnile le dipatlisiso di se kae tsa ditlhapi tsa letsha le. <ref name=":0" />Sekai, tshekatsheko ya ntlha ya bontlha jo bo kwa bokone e dirilwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi .<ref name=":2">Ulrich K. Schliewen; Melanie L. J. Stiassny (April 10, 2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267699287_A_new_species_of_Nanochromis_Teleostei_Cichlidae_from_Lake_Mai_Ndombe_central_Congo_Basin_Democratic_Republic_of_Congo "A new species of ''Nanochromis'' (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Mai Ndombe, central Congo Basin, Democratic Republic of Congo"]. ''Zootaxa''. '''1169''' (33) – via ResearchGate.</ref> Mefuta e le masome mararo ya ditlhapi e a itsiwe, mme palo e a akanyediwa gore e feta eo.<ref name=":0" /> Go na le mefuta e metlhano ya ditlhapi tse di fitlhelwang mo nokeng e fela: catfish Amphilius le cichid Hemichromis di tlhalositswe ke Boulenger.<ref name=":0" /> Tse di setseng ke tse di bonweng mo bosheng : ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone , mofuta o mosha wa cichid o ne wa bonwa mo letsheng.<ref>Donald J. Stewart; Tyson R. Roberts (February 23, 1984). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1445037 "A New Species of Dwarf Cichilid Fish with Reversed Sexual Dichromatism from Lac Mai-Ndombe, Zaïre".] ''Copeia''. '''1984''' (1): 82–86. doi:[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1445037?origin=crossref 10.2307/1445037]. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1445037 1445037].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro, mofuta o mongwe wa chichi o ne wa bonwa,<ref name=":2" /> ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a robabobedi mofuta wa catsfish o ne wa kwalwa.<ref name=":1" /> == Ditirelo tsa itsholelo == Mangwe a mafelo a kompone ya boroko ya Sodefor a kwa bokone le borwa jwa letsha la Mai-Ndombe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030926/http://www.sodefor.net/garantiesdf-social.php "Carte Illustrative Actions Sociales"]. SODEFOR. Archived from [http://sodefor.net/garantiesdf-social.php the original] on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2026 -06-25</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a robabongwe, mekoro e le mebedi e ne ya nwela ya baka tatlhegelo ya matshelo a le masome a supa le boraro. Mokoro o ne o sa letlelelwa go pega bapagami, mme go ne go dumelwa o ne o pegile batho ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a supa ka nako eo.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8384441.stm BBC News article reporting the boat sinking]</ref> Letsha la Mai-Ndombe le mafaratlhatlha a noka a dirisiwa gantsi go pega batho go kgabaganya lefatshe ka mafaratlhatlha a tsela a sa lekana. Bontsi jwa mekoro e pega batho ba le makgolo letsatsi le letsatsi. Bontsi jwa mekoro e e megologolo ebile ga e tlhokomelwe. Ka letsatsi la Matlhatso , malatsi a le masome mabedi le botlhano ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe , sekepe sa bapagami se pegile bapagami ba le makgolo a mararo, le masome a matlhano o ne wa nwela ka ntlha ya diphefo. Bapagami ba feta masome a mane le botlhano ba ne ba tlhomamisiwa fa ba tlhokafetse ka letsatsi la ntlha, ba feta lekgolo ba ne ba santse ba sa bonwe. Fa e tsiboga puso e ne ya re e tlaa kganela mekoro ya bapagami ya logong e e dingwaga di tlhano le go feta go tsamay mo letsheng.<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2019/05/27/africa/congo-lake-accident-intl/index.html "30 dead, more than 150 missing after boat sinks on Congo lake".] ''CNN''. 2019-05-27. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190712203935/https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/27/africa/congo-lake-accident-intl/index.html Archived] from the original on 2019-07-12.</ref> == Metswedi == ncmh0kzsuien4vla6t5wac1mmege917 Lekadiba la Malebo 0 14121 52271 51676 2026-07-10T07:02:18Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52271 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lekadiba la Malebo''' (le pele le neng le bidiwa la '''Stanley'''), le le itsegeng mo ditsong e le Mpumbu, letsha la Nkunda, letsha la Nkuna, letsha la Ntamo, kgotsa letsha la Ngobila,<ref>William Graham Lister Randles, ''L’ancien royaume du Congo des origines à la fin du XIXe siècle'', Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, 2013, p. 44</ref><ref>Sylvie Ayimpam, ''Vie matérielle, échanges et capitalisme sur la rive méridionale du Pool du fleuve Congo (1815-1930)'', Centre d’Étude des Mondes Africains (CEMAf), 2006, p. 4</ref><ref name=":0">Okeseleke, Raymond (23 August 2022). [https://heshimardc.net/v1/2022/08/23/stanley-pool-site-de-naissance-des-villes-de-kinshasa-et-brazzaville/ "Stanley Pool, site de naissance des villes de Kinshasa et Brazzaville"] [Stanley Pool, the birthplace of the cities of Kinshasa and Brazzaville]. ''Heshima Magazine'' (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 26 June 2026</ref><ref name=":1">Malu-Malu, Muriel Devey (21 July 2024). [https://www.makanisi.org/du-pumbo-au-pool-malebo-levolution-dune-grande-zone-commerciale/ "Du Pumbo au Pool Malebo: l'évolution d'une grande zone commerciale"] [From Pumbo to Pool Malebo: the evolution of a major commercial area]. ''Makanisi'' (in French). Retrieved 26 June 2026</ref> ke go atologa jaaka letsha ga [[noka ya Congo]] kwa tlase kwa legare la [[Aferika|Aforika]] mo go tlhamang kgampu ya tlholego kwa noka e atologang pele ga e ya kwa tlase mo [[Diphororo tsa Livingstone|diphororong tsa Livingstone]].<ref name=":2">[https://www.britannica.com/place/Malebo-Pool "Malebo Pool".] ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Accessed 26 June 2026.</ref><ref name=":0" /> Lekadiba le bereka e le molelwane fa gare ga [[Republic of the Congo]] kwa bokone le [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] kwa borwa, ka ditioropokgolo [[Brazzaville]] le [[Kinshasa]] di lebagane mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa bokone le le lo kwa borwa jwa lone.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Le le dikhilomithara di le makgolo a matlhano, le di le masome a mararo le botlhano ka boleele le a le masome mabedi le boraro ka bophara, lekadiba la Malebi le supiwa ka metsi a a seng boteng, a simolola ka dimithara di le tharo go tsena di le lesome ka boteng, le ntswa merwalela ya dipaka e ka fetola seelo sa metsi thata.<ref name=":2" /> Leina la Malebo, ntsifatso ya lilebo ka teme ya Lilanga, le raya setlhare sa borassus palm se se golang ka bontsi mo lotshitshing lwa lekadiba, ditlhaketlhake, le dikgampu tse di dikologileng, fa leina lekadiba le adimilwe mo seesemaneng, kwa le rayang kgampu le letsha.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">Ayimpam, Sylvie (2006). [https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00723326v1/document "Vie matérielle, échanges et capitalisme sur la rive méridionale du Pool du fleuve Congo (1815-1930)"] [Material life, trade, and capitalism on the southern bank of Pool Malebo, Congo River (1815–1930)]. ''Hal.science'' (in French). Éditions du Centre d'Étude des Mondes Africains (CEMAf). pp. 4–23. Retrieved 26 June 2026</ref> Le ne la fetolwa leina go nna Stanley ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le bosupa morago ga Henry Morton Stanley o a neng a tsamaya mo kgaolong, lekadiba le ne la nna le leina la se Aforika ka kgwedi ya Firikgong ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bobedi morago ga molao wa morago ga boipuso wa go dirisa maina a Aforika.<ref name=":3" /> Pele ga le bonwa ke batho ba Yuropa, lekadiba la Malebo e ne e le lefelo la boremelelo la ngwao, thekiso le sepolotiki mo bathong ba merafe ya Bantu ba kwa legare la [[kgampu ya Congo]].<ref name=":3" /> == Popego == === Tlhaloso le leina === Lekadiba la Malebo ke lefelo le noka ya Congo e atologang teng go tlhama letsha. Lefoko la sekgoa la lekadiba le raya lefelo la metsi, jaaka letsha kgotsa mogobe. Toropokgolo ya Kinshasa e mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa borwa jwa kga,pu, fa ya Brazzavile e le mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa borwa.<ref name=":3" /> Pele ga leina la bokolone, merafe ya mo gae e ne e itse lekadiba le ka maina a a farologaneng, a akaretsa N'Tamo (kgotsa Ntamo), Nkouna (kgotsa Nkuna kana Nkunda), Pumbo, Pumbu, Mpumbu kgotsa Ngobila.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> ==== Ntamo le Nkouna ==== Maina N'Tamo (kgotsa Ntamo) le Nkouna (Nkuna kgotsa Nkunda) a supiwa gantsi ke batlhatlhami ba Yuropa, bogolo jang Henry Morton Stanley, ga mmogo le morago mo ditshekatshekong tsa ditso. Go ya ka moitseanape wa kwa Congo Jerome Olland, mo ''L'Histoire francais diu Gabon a Brazzaville'', Stanley o dirisitse lefoko Ntamo go tlhalosa lekadiba la Stanley mo bukeng ya gagwe ya ''In Darkest Africa''.<ref name=":1" /> Mo ''Congo francaias du gabon a Brazzaville'', e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe, motlhatlhami wa mo Fora Leon Guiral (o o tshotsweng ka leina la Leon Pierre Louis Guiral) o supa fa Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, motlhatlhami wa kwa Italy a bereka kwa france, a kopane le motolokodi Ashimbo Taba kwa Nkouna.<ref>Guiral, Léon (1889). ''[[iarchive:elcongofrancaisd00guir/page/n10/mode/1up|Le Congo francais du Gabon a Brazzaville]]'' [''French Congo from Gabon to Brazzaville''] (in French). Princeton Theological Seminary Library. Paris, France: Plon. p. 106.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, Father Albert Le Gallois, morongwa wa mowa o o boitshepho, o ne a supa mo ''Contribution a la cartographie du Congo francais'' (kgaolo ya Lekadiba la Stanley) gore e ntswa batlhatlhami ba pele ba ne ba supa setlhaketlhake se setona sa bamu ba re ke Nkouna, ga ise a utlwe leina le mo bathong ba Teke ba lotshitshi lo lo kwa mojeng.<ref>Le Gallois, Albert (1912). [https://www.persee.fr/doc/geo_0003-4010_1912_num_21_115_7291 "Contribution à la carthographie du Congo français"] [Contribution to the cartography of French Congo]. ''[[:en:Annales_de_Géographie|Annales de géographie]]'' (in French). '''21''' (115). Paris, France: Armand Colin: 60–69. doi:[https://www.persee.fr/doc/geo_0003-4010_1912_num_21_115_7291 10.3406/geo.1912.7291.]</ref> ==== Pumbo, Pumbu kgotsa Mpumbu ==== Leina Pumbo (Pombo, Pumbu, kgotsa Mpumbu) le tlhagelela gape mo ditshupong tsa batlhatlhami le dibuka tsa ditso go supa lefelo la lekadiba. Mo Description of Africa, moithuti wa Dutch Olfert Dapper o tlhalosa Pombo e le kgaolo e e mo bookameding jwa Macoco (Makoko), moeteledipele wa Teke.<ref>Dapper, Olfert (1668). [[iarchive:gri_33125009359999|''Naukeurige Beschrijvinge Der Afrikaensche Gewesten Van Egypten, Barbaryen, Libyen, Biledulgerid, Negroslant, Guinea, Ethiopiën, Abyssinie: Vertoont In de Benamingen, Grenspalen, Steden, Revieren, gewassen, Dieren, Zeeden, Drachten, Talen, Rijkdommen, Godsdiensten en Heerschappyen'' [''An Accurate Description of African Places in Egypt, Barbary, Libya, Biledulgerid, Negroland'']]'', Guinea, Ethiopia, Abyssinia: Showing place names, boundaries, crops, animals, timbers, costumes, languages, kingdoms, religions, and dominions'']. Getty Research Institute. Amsterdam, Netherlands: [[:en:Jacob_van_Meurs|Jacob van Meurs]]. p. 533.</ref> Moitseanape wa ditso wa kwa Belgium Jan Vansina o ranola lefoko le le raya lotshitshi lo lo kwa bokone lwa lekadiba la Stanley, le le neng le na le lefelo la sepolotiki kwa bogosing jwa Teke.<ref name=":1" /> Abraham Ndinga Mbo, moitseanape wa ditso go tswa kwa Republic of the Congo, o dirisa leina Pumbo go tlhalosa lekadiba pele ga nako ya bokolone, fa baithuti ba bangwe ba le amanya le lefelo la Bahumbu. Lefoko Pumbo le tlhaloganngwa go raya marekisetso a magolo.<ref name=":1" /> Mo Potrait of Kinshasa, moitsaanape Pascal Kapagama wa sekolo se segolwane sa Kinshasa o supa gore ka lekgolo la dingwag di le lesome le borataro, marekisetso a matona a a neng a itsege ka leina la Mpumbu a ne a le teng kwa lefelong leo, a na le metse e le mmalwa ya bogologolo, e akaretsa Insasa. Leina Insasa le tswa mo go Insa, le le rayang marekisetso, kgotsa insa-nsa, mo go rayang marekisetso a mabotlana, lefoko ki le ne la tsenngwa go dira Kinshasa.<ref>Kapagama, Pascal; Waterhouse, Rachel (July 2009). [https://www.lse.ac.uk/international-development/Assets/Documents/PDFs/csrc-working-papers-phase-two/wp53.2-portrait-of-kinshasa-french.pdf "Portrait of Kinshasa: City on the Edge"] (PDF). ''Lse.ac.uk'' (in French). [[:en:London_School_of_Economics|London, England: Crisis States Research Centr]]<nowiki/>e. p. 2. ISSN 1749-1797. Retrieved 26 June 2026</ref> Babatlisisi ba Congo Pamphile Mabiala Mantuba-Ngoma le Mathieu Zana Etambala le bone ba amanya ltlhaloso ya marekisetso le lefoko Mpumbu. Mo tsebeng ya bone ya La societe congoalise face a la modernite (1700 - 2010): Melanges eurafricains offerts a Jean-Luc Vellut, o kwala are: "lefelo le noka e oketsegang kwa go lone e ralala Mpumbu e ne e le marekisetso magolo a makgoba kwa legare la Aforika. Marekisetso a, a a kwa go tsamaegang kwa nokeng ya Congo, a ne a na le metse ya pele kwa e leng lekadiba la Malebo gompieno (Lekadiba la Stanley pele). Metse e e ne e amogela dithoto go tswa kwa godimo ga noka, go tswa kwa kgampung ya Kasai le kgaolo ya Mai-Ndombe. Ke fa, fa barekisi ba ba tswang kwa borwa ba neng ba tla go tsaya dithoto go di rekisa gape ba rekisetsa ma Yuropa mo lotshitshing lwa lewatle la Atlantic. Lefelo le la thekiso le ne le bidiwa lefelo la noka ya Congo.<ref>Mantuba-Ngoma, Pamphile Mabiala; Etambala, Mathieu Zana Aziza (2017). [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9782140029059_A49332667/preview-9782140029059_A49332667.pdf#:~:text=Ceux%2Dci%20accueillaient%20tous%20les%20produits,Europ%C3%A9ens%20sur%20la%20c%C3%B4te%20atlan%2D "La société congolaise face à la modernité (1700-2010): Mélanges eurafricains offerts à Jean-Luc Vellut"] [Congolese society facing modernity (1700-2010): Euro-African essays offered to Jean-Luc Vellut] (PDF). ''Api.pageplace.de'' (in French). Paris, France: Éditions L'Harmattan. pp. 14–15. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-343-11120-9|978-2-343-111]]20-9</bdi>. Retrieved 26 June 2026</ref> ==== Lekadiba la Stanley le lekadiba la Malebo ==== Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le bosupa, le ne la neelwa leina la lekadiba la Stanley e le segopotso sa ga Stanley, motlhatlhami wa ntlha wa Yuropa go le bona le go kwala lefelo la lone go na dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mane.<ref name=":3" /> Ke Frank Pocock, o a neng a tsamaya le Stanley o fa a berekela Leopold II wa Belgium, o o duleng ka leina le fa ba tsena kwa kgampung e tona ka Mopitlo a le lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le bosupa jaaka Stanleya bua mo ''Through the dark Continent''.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Stanley, Henry Morton (1878). [[iarchive:throughdarkconti1878stan2|''Through the Dark Continent: Or, The Sources of the Nile Around the Great Lakes of Equatorial Africa, and Down the Livingstone River to the Atlantic Ocean''.]] Harold B. Lee Library. Harper & Brothers.</ref> Morago ga boipuso jwa lefatshe la Congo-Leopoldville, leina le ne la fetolwa ka Firikgong ngawa wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa go nna lekadiba la Malebo. Leina Malebo, ntsifatso ya lilebo ka teme ya Lilanga, le raya ditlhare tsa palm tse di phatlaletseng mo lotshitshing lwa lekadiba, ditlhaketlhake le dikgampu tsa Kinshasa. Ka jalo leina lekadiba la Malebo ke lefelo le le tletseng ditlhare le raya letsha la setlhare sa palm.<ref name=":4">Mukendi, Michael Tshibangu; Mbale, Henri Kunzi; Ntumba, Jean-Métis; Luyeye, Félicien Lukoki (2020). [https://globaljournals.org/GJSFR_Volume20/5-Floristic-Inventory-of-Invasive.pdf "Floristic Inventory of Invasive Alien Aquatic Plants Found in Malebo Pool in Congo Rivers, Kinshasa, DR. Congo (Case of MOLONDO, MIPONGO, and JAPON Islands)"] (PDF). ''Globaljournals.org''. Framingham, Massachusetts, United States: Global Journals. p. 31–44. ISSN 2249-4626. Retrieved 26 June 2026</ref><ref name=":3" /> === Tsela le go tsamaya mo go lone === Lekadiba la Malebo le dikhilomithara di le masome a mararo le botlhano ka boleele le dikhilomithara di le masome mabedi le boraro ka bophara, le apesa lefelo la dikhilomithara di le makgolo a matlhano, le na le ditlhaketlhake, se se tona e le setlhaketlhake sa M'Bamou, se se kwa gare se le botona jwa dikhilomithara di le lekgolo le masome a robabobedi gape ke bontlha jwa [[Republic of the Congo]]. Lekadiba ga le boteng, le boteng jwa dimithara di le tharo go tsena di le lesome, le ntswa merwalela ya dipaka dingwe e ka baka gore seelo sa metsi se farologane ka dimithara di le tharo ka ngwaga. Bo kwa godimo ja lefelo ke dimithara di le makgolo a mabedi, masome a supa le bobedi kwa godimo ga seelo sa lewatle.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> Mo borwa jwa lekadiba, ditoropokgolo tsa Brazzaville le Kinshasa di lebagane mo matshitshing a a mo dintlheng tse di farologaneng, se se di dira ditoropokgolo tse di bapileng thata mo lefatsheng ka bophara (kwa nte ga Rome le Vatican City).<ref name=":0" /><ref>Buron, Thierry (22 November 2020). [https://www.revueconflits.com/brazaville-et-kinshasa-proches-mais-separes/ "Brazzaville et Kinshasa : proches, mais séparées"]. ''Conflits: Revue de Géopolitique'' (in French). [https://web.archive.org/web/20231215134251/https://www.revueconflits.com/brazaville-et-kinshasa-proches-mais-separes/ Archived] from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2026</ref><ref>Jennings, Ken (6 November 2017). [https://www.cntraveler.com/story/the-worlds-closest-capitals-are-just-2-miles-apart "The World's Closest Capitals Are Just 2 Miles Apart"]. ''Condé Nast Traveler''. New York, New York, United States. Retrieved 26 June 2026</ref><ref>Nordine, Michael (18 July 2024). [https://dailypassport.com/closest-capital-cities/ "These Are the World's Closest Capital Cities".] ''Daily Passport''. Retrieved 26 June 2206</ref> Maluku o kwa kgorong ya kgampu, kwa lekadiba la Malebo le tshwayang tshimologo ya noka ya Congo e e tsamaegang go ya Mbandaka, Makanza, Bangui le go ya bokgakala jwa Kisangani, fa kwa tlase ga Bgaliema Bay, noka e feta ka makhubu a mantsi a a itsegeng ka leina la diphororo tsa Livingstone, go ya kwa tlase dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mararo go ya kwa maemelong a dikepe a Matadi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, Vol. One ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0486256677|0486256677]]</bdi>, Vol. Two ISBN 0486256685</ref> == Ditso == === Ditso tsa pele === [[Setshwantsho:Congo River with upstream half of Pool Malebo and Mbamu.jpg|left|thumb|Sesupo sa [[Noka ya Congo]] kwa bokone-bophirima]] Kamano ya ma Yuropa le noka ya Congo e simologile ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a mane le masome a robabobedi le boraro, fa mokgweetsi wa dikepe wa mo Potokisi Diogo Cao a goroga kwa molomong wa noka a tlhama botsalano gareng ga bogosi jwa portugal le bogosi jwa Kongo. Botsalano jo bo ne jwa fedisa go kgapelwa kwa thoko ga legare la Aforika mo mafaratlhatlheng a dikgaolo ga tshwaya tshimologo ya go kwalwa ka kgaolo e.<ref name=":3" /> Dipatlsiso tsa marope le puo, boglo jang ya dipuo tsa Bantu, di supa fa , le fa go ntse jalo, go nna ga batho kwa kgampung ya Congo go ne go le teng le pele ga ma Yuropa ba tla, ka bosupi jwa temothuo, le madirelo a tshipi le kopore a ka batlelwa kwa morago dingwaga di le dikete pedi. Go tswa ka sedikadike sa dingwaga di le lesome le borataro go ya kwa pele, kgaolo e ne ya amangwa le kgwebo ya Atlantic, bogolo jang kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic.<ref name=":3" /> Tsela ya kgwebo e tona e ne ya tlhamega kwa lotshitshing lwa noka ya Congo, e e atologang go tswa kwa lotshitshing lwa Atlantic go ya legareng la kgampu. Lekadiba la Malebo e ne e le ntlha e e botlhokwa ya go isa dithoto mo mafaratlhatlheng a, e a kgaoganya gabedi go nna mafelo a mabedi. Lefelo le le kwa bophirima le tswa kwa lotshitshing go ya lekadibeng, le ne le ikaegile thata ka ditsela tsa lefatshe e bereka e le mosele wa tsamaiso ya dithoto, ka mafelo a a botlhokwa a Tungwa, Tshela, Sao Salvador, Kimongo le Ludima a kopantswe ke mafaratlhatlha a tsela. Lefelo le le kwa botlhaba, le tswa kwa lekadibeng la Malebo go ya Ubangi-Uele, e ne e le lefelo la madirelo, le isa dithoto di tshwana le dinkgwana, letswai, sukiri ya lotlhaka, bojalwa, dinaka tsa tlou, raba le copal.<ref name=":3" /> [[Setshwantsho:Bateke, Congo, c. 1900.jpg|thumb|Batho ba Bateke, kwa Congo Free State, ka 1898]] Lefelo le le dikologileng lekadiba la Malebo go ya kwa bogosing jwa Tio, jobatho ba jone ba le ka fa tlase ga Bateke. Jan Vansina o o kwadileng patlisiso ka bogosi jo, o tlhalosa fa Bateke e ka tswa e le lefoko le le dirisiwang mo ditlhopheng tsa bogosi jwa Tio kgotsa go tlhalosa mekgwa ya bone.<ref name=":3" /> Go kgabaganya kgaolo ya Kongo, plateau ya Bateke, le mokgatsha wa legare la Congo, lefoko Teke le amanngwa le kakanyo ya go rekisa. Ka puo ya Kikongo, teke o raya go rekisa, le amangwa le mokgwa mogolo wa itsholelo wa batho ba Tio, thekiso, le ka fa batho ba ba mabapi ba neng ba ba bona ka teng: e le barekisi. Vansina o supa gore batho ba Tio e ne e le setlhopha se se tlwaelesegileng kwa legareng la Aforika mo bathong ba Yuropa le ba America ka ntlha ya go nna teng ga bone go dikologa lekadiba la Malebo.<ref name=":3" /> Batho ba le bantsi ba ba dirilweng makgoba ba ba neng ba rekisediwa ma America, ga mmogo le dinaka tsa tlou go tswa kwa kgampung ya Congo, ba ne ba feta ka lefelo le. Bogosi jwa Tio ka bo bone bo ka tswa bo simologile fa merafe ya sepolotiki e ne e kopana ka fa tlase ga gmoeteledipele a le mongwe Makoko. Go ya ka Isidore Ndaywel e Nziem, mongwe wa merafe e e ne e akaretsa matlotla a bogosi jwa bogologolo jwa N'guunu, kwa lekadibeng la Malebo. Tsamaiso e ya go kopanan e diragetse ka lekgolo la dingwag di le lesome le borataro. Mo tsamaong ya nako, bogosi jwa Tio bo ne jwa aga botsalano jo bo nonofileng jwa kgwebo le mafatshe a a mabapi jaaka Kingdom of Kongo le Loango, mo go netefadisteng go tsamaya ga dithoto fa gare ga lotshitshi lwa Atlantic le mo gae. Lekadiba la Malebo le ne le bereka e le lefelo le go bewang kwa go lone gape e le le le kopanyang tsela ya kgwebo, e le lefelo la boremelelo la kgwebo.<ref name=":3" /> [[Setshwantsho:Makoko-iloo.jpg|thumb|Iloo I kgosi wa Bateke ba Mbe]] Mo borwa jwa lekadiba go ne go nna batho ba merafe ya Mfumu le Humbu (Bahumbu), ba ka puo le ngwao ba neng ba sikana le Bateke mme ba na le ditlhopha tse di farologaneng. Vansina o supa fa Bahumbu ba ne ba laola dikgaolo tse di kwa borwa jwa lekadiba. Magae a bone ka bontsi a ne a le mo gae kwa morago ga dithaba, toropokgolo ya bone e le kwa Lemba.<ref name=":3" /> Moeteledipele wa Lemba, a le kwa Mbanza-Lemba, o ne a bereka e le mookamedimogolo wa lotshitshi lo lo kwa borwa lwa lekadiba. Mo dingwageng tse dintsi, ma Yuropa a ne a sa kgone go tsenelela kwa kgaolong ya lekadiba la Malebo. Fa le tshwangtshanngwa le mafelo a bophirima jwa Aforika, kgampu ya Congo e dirilwe kolone morago ga sebaka. Dipopego tsa lefatshe tsa tlholego e ne e le sekgoreletsi, mme tshwetso e tserwe ke maiteko a bagwebi ba Bakongo le Bateke a go kganela ma Yuropa, a bagwebi kgotsa barongwa go tsena kwa lekadibeng. Se se bonagala mo tshupong ya ga Francois Bontinck, e e tlhalosang maitemogelo a barongwa ba Italy ka lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le bosupa fa ba leka go tsena kwa bogosing jwa makoko ka go kgabaganya bogosi jwa Kongo.<ref name=":3" /> Maiteko a bone a ntlha a ne a retelelwa, ka morongwa mongwe a ne a betswa a bo a tshosediwa gore o tlaa bolawa. Ba ne ba goroga kwa lekadibeng ka maiteko a bobedi, mme le ka nako eo tsela ya bone ya go tshaba e ne ya felela kwa lotshitshing lo lo kwa borwa, ba ne ba sa letlelelwe go kgabaganya noka go kopana le Makoko. Barongwa ba bangwe ba ne ba kopantshiwa ke go gana mo go tshwanang. Morago ga maiteko a le mmalwa a retetseng, ba ne ba leka go tsena kwa bogosing jwa Makoko ka mosele wa Ngobila, kgaolo ya Bateke, mme ba ne ba tlhaselwa ke balwantwa ba ba utlwang ka kgosi. Motse wa bone o ne wa tshubiwa, kgosi morago a o aga sesha go sele, kgakala le bone. Batlhasedi ba ne ba batla go kganela barongwa, ba tshaba gore kolobetso le thotloetso ya BaKeresete e tlaa nyenyafatsa serodumo sa bone mo kgwebong.<ref name=":3" /> Batho ba Tio ba ne ba nna kwa lotshitshing lwa bogosi jwa Kongo ka ba ne ba tshwentswe ke gore barongwa ba ba setseng morago tsela ya maPotokisi ya kgwebo ba tlaa bona ditshwanelo tsa itsholelo tsa lefelo tse, jaaka ditshwanelo tsa tsela le madi a a lopiwang mo go ba ba kgabaganyang. Barongwa ba ne ba felela ba boela kwa Kongo ba sa kopana le Makoko. Bogosi jwa Makoko bo ne jwa tswelela ka go rekisetsa barongwa ba ba kwa Kongo, ba ba neng ba eletsa go dira mafelo a borongwa koo, mme go gana ga bagwebi go ne ga netefatsa gore dikeletso tse di seka tsa diragala.<ref name=":3" /> === Kgwebo ya noka le phetogo ya itsholelo === [[Setshwantsho:Diapositief glaspositief toverlantaarnplaat – reeks 010.789 – Congo VI. Bevolking (2e verz.) – nr. 29 – Mfinu-mannen, omgeving Kinshasa, asset TwdYoXOYkiH4hcqYV663dQZ5.tif|left|thumb|Banna ba Mfumu kwa Leopoldville]] Ka lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe, kgwebo ya noka ya mosepele o moleele e ne ya gola thata, le ntswa kgwebo ya makgoba e ne e kganetswe semmuso, le kwa lekadibeng la Malebo, dikolotsana tsa batlamedi di ne tsa tsaya dithoto go di isa kwa mafelong a thekiso gaufi le molomo wa noka ya Congo kwa Lower Congo. Bakaedi ba Congo ba ba neg ba kgabaganya kgaolo ba ne ba etelela pele dikete tsa dikolotsana tse di neng di tshotse batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba ga mmogo le chili pepper, dikungwa tsa palm, manoko, sesame le dinaka tsa tlou, le morago raba. Ka sebaka sa malatsi, ditshaba tse di kwa Congo kwa tlase di ne di isa dithoto tsa gin, letsela, ditlhobolo le marumo kwa ma Yuropeng a a neng a bakile borotho ka ditofo tse ditona.<ref name=":3" /> Ka motlha o, ba Bobangi ba ne ba kopane le Bateke mo kgwebong kwa lekadibeng la Malebo. Ba fuduga kwa Ubangi kwa ba neng ba neng b nna teng pele, ba ne ba fudugela kwa legareng la Congo go ya kwa lekadibeng ka dingwaga di le lekgolo le le lesome le bosupa go tsena lekgolo le borobabongwe. E ne e se batlhasedi, mme ba ne ba ngokiwa ke kgwebo mo kgaolong eo. Ba ipitsa batho ba noka, batho ba Bobangi ba ne ba tsisa maatla a masha mo kgwebong. Mogwebi wa Bobangi o ne a ka folosa dithotho di le dintsi ka ngwaga kwa lekadibeng,di le bokete jwa ditonne di le masome mane ka ngwaga. Kgwebo ya bone e ne e ikaegile thata ka dinaka tsa tlou le batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba ba ba yang kwa lotshitshing, tse di neng di fetolwa go nne tse di dirilweng ke ma Yuropa jaaka ditlhobolo le matsela.<ref name=":3" /> Kgwebo ya makgoba e tsweleste go fitlhelela ka 1850 go tsena 1860, fa ba beelediwa ka dilo d tshwana le motsoko. Ka dingwaga tsa 1870, batho ba Bobangi ba ne ba isa dikete di le tlhano go tsena di le thataro tsa dinaka tsa tlou kwa lekadibeng la Malebo. Ba ne ba iponela serodumo sa go nna batsamaisi ba dikepe ba bo maitseanape kwa Congo le metswedi ya noka ya Alima, Likouala le Ikelemba, fa gare ga lekadiba la Malebo le lefelo la Bangala kwa mokgatsheng wa Ubangi. Dikolotsana tsa bone tsa kgwebo di ne di dira mekoro e mebotlana e le lesome go tsena masome a marataro e tshwere dithoto, e ne e tsamaya mo nokeng.<ref name=":3" /> Puo ya Lilanga, e ne e tsaya mo puong ya kgwebo e e neng e dirisiwa mo Congo le Ubangi, e ne ya anama go nan puo ya boremelelo ya kgwebo mo mafelong a a tletseng batho, le ntswa e tlhamegile ka setlhopha se se botlana sa batho ba noka. Mo nakong, batho ba Bobangi ba ne ba tsaya karolo ba tloga ba okamela kgwebo mo mafaratlhatlheng a kgwebo, maemo a ba nnileng mo go one go fitlhelela go tlhamiwa lefelo la Leopoldville le go simololwa ga go tsamaya ka phefo ke Henry Morton Stanley ka 1881, ditiragalo tse di kganetseng, mme di sa emisa gotlhelele mafaratlhatlha a bone a kgwebo.<ref name=":3" /> [[Setshwantsho:DUPONT(1889) pg751 Panorama du Stanley Pool.jpg|thumb|Kwa botlhaba go kgabaganya lekadiba la Stanley go tswa kwa Leopoldville, 1889]] Fa lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe le tla bokhutlong, kgwebo ya noka ya Congo e ne ya phutlhama. Go phutlhama ga yone e ne e le ka ntlha ya go kgaogana ga mafelo a noka mo bookamedi jwa France le jwa Belgium, go simololwa ga mafelo a masha a kgwebo kwa metseng e e mo lotshitshing lwa noka, go simololwa ga go tsamaya ka mowa, le go agiwa ga diporo. Kgwebo ya pele e ne e kopantse Aforika, Yuropa le America e amanya lekadiba la Malebo le itsholelo ya lefatshe mo lekgolong le le lesome le bosupa.<ref name=":3" /> Mme kgwebo e ne e laolwa ke palo potlana fela ya baokamedi, bontsi e le banni ba ba gaufi le lekadiba ba ba neng ba na le ditshwanelo tsa go rekisa makgoba le dinaka tsa tlou. Dikgosi tse di ne di na le khumo e kgolo ya batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba, dibetsa, le dithoto tse di rekilweng go tswa kwa ntle. Dikgosi tse di neng di le kwa teng ga lefatshe di ne di sena thotloetso e kalo ya itsholelo, ka di ne di tsaya karolo mo kgwebong ya kgaolo fela ka go romela baemedi kwa lekadibeng.<ref name=":3" /> Ga mmogo le kgwebo ya lekadiba, go itshetsa mo gae le go betla go ne go ntse go le mosola. Botshelo jwa malatsi otlhe bo ne bo ikaegile thata ka maungo a temothuo le tiro ya diatla, tse di neng di ntsha dipoelo tse di kwa godimo tse di tlhokafalang go ema bagwebi le badiri ba diatla nokeng. Diphetogo tsa itsholelo tse di agileng sesha lefelo leo ka lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe di ne tsa ama itsholelo, temothuo le tiro ya diatla. Temothuo e ne ya gola thata. Go fetola cassava go nna dijo go rekisa kwa marekisetsong a noka go ne go tlhoka bomme ba ba berekang, fa go dira motsoko wa thekiso go ne go tlhoka borre, ba bontsi e neng e le makgoba. Dithoto tse di rekilweng tsa tshipi go tswa kwa lotshitshing lwa Atlantic tlhwatlhwa ya tsone e ne ya wela tlase go emela didirisiwa tsa tshipi, digai, le bora tse di dirilweng mo gae. Le go diriwa ga mekoro mo go neng go tlwaelesegile mo bathong ba Bobangi fa ba tshwara ditlhapi le go tsamaya mo metsing go ne ga nyelela. Go bopa dinkgwana gone go ne ga nna botlhokwa le go gaisa.<ref name=":3" /> [[Setshwantsho:Bateke Village, Kinshasa - Starr, Frederick, Congo natives - an ethnographic album (1912).png|left|thumb|Motse wa Kinshasa ka 1912]] Borwa jwa lekadiba la Malebo go ne go na le metse e le mmalwa ya botlhokwa le selekanyo se se farologanang: mengwe e ne e le mo lotshitshing lwa noka, fa e mengwe e ne e le kwa teng. Mo metseng e e mo lotshitshing go ne go na le Ntassa (Kinshasa) le Ntamo (Kintambo), e e neng e bereka e le marekisetso kwa lotshitshing lo lo kwa borwa.<ref name=":3" /> Metse e tshwana le Nolo, Kingabwa, Mokilao le Kinsuka yone e ne e le mo lotshitshing lwa noka go nna Bateke kwa go yone. Metse e e kwa teng e ne e le ya Bahumbu. Motse mogolo wa bone e ne e le Mbanza-Lemba, lefelo le le botlhokwa la thekiso. Metse e mengwe ya Bahumbu e ne e akaretsa Kimbanza le Kimwenza. Itsholelo le botshelo jwa selegae di ne di farologana mo metseng go ya ka gore a ba nna mo lotshitshing kana kwa teng. Go ya ka Jan Vansina, metse e e mo lotshitshing gaufi le lekadiba la Malebo e ne e ka nna ditoropo tsa thekiso. Go sa tshwane le metse e ekwa teng metse e e ene e le ditlhopha tsa metsana e le thataro kgotsa e supa. Sekai, Kinshasa o ne a dirilwe ka metsana e le mmalwa e gasame le dikgampu tsa Kalina le Ndolo. Bontsi jwa metse e e mo lotshitshing e ne e na le batho ba ba farologaneng ba Tio le Bobangi.<ref name=":3" /> Go nna ga bone go ne go faphegile: palo potlana ya banna ba ne ba nna kwa lefelong la bokgoba ebile ba le okametse. Bontsi jwa mafelo a a mo lotshitshing a ne a na le batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba ba ka nna makgolo. Metse e metona thata jaaka Kinshasa le Kintambo, e ka tswa e ne e na le makgolo a matlhano go tsena sekete sa baago ba akaretsa basadi. Metse e metona e gangwe le gape e ne e amogela dikolosana tsa bagwebi go tswa go kgabaganya noka ya Congo, ba dikampa tsa bone di neng di nna sebaka sa dibeke ka nako.<ref name=":3" /> Banni ba lotshitshi ba ne ba lema lefatshe le se kalo mme ba reka dijo mo bathong ba ba kwa teng ba Bahumbu. Banna ba se kae ba ne ba tshwara ditlhapi, mme bontsi bo ne bo ikaegile ka go gweba mo gae. Basadi mo metseng eo ba ne ba bona diphetogo tse ditona mo seabeng sa bone mo itsholelong ka go oketsga ga kgwebo ya noka. Ka masimo a se kae a ne a le gaufi le bonno jo, bomme ba ne ba ikaega ka ditiro tsa diatla, bogolo jang go bopa dinkgwana, le go dira borotho jo bontsi jwa cassava go rekisetsa bakgweetsi ba dikolotsana kwa metseng. Ba ne gape ba tsaya karolo mo marekisetsong, ba rekisa dijo tse di rekilweng mo go bomme ba ba nnang kwa teng. Le ntswa ba ne ba dira tiro e, ditiro tsa bone tsa letsatsi le letsatsi di ne di ba fa nako ya go ikhutsa go gaisa bomme ba ba nnang kwa teng.<ref name=":3" /> == Popego == === Seemo sa loapi === [[Setshwantsho:Stanley pool01.jpg|thumb|Mmepe wa lekadiba la Stanley]] Lekadiba la Malebo le itemogela seemosa loapi se sa dipula tse dintsi go ya kwa go sa komelelo le pula nako nngwe se tshwaiwa ke dipaka tse pedi. Paka ya komelelo e nna sebaka sa dikgwedi tse tharo, go tswa ka Seetebosigo go tsena Phatwe, fa paka ya pula e tswa ka Lwetse go tsena Motsheganong, e kgaupediwa ka nakwana ke motlha wa komelelo ka Firikgong go tsena Tlhakole.<ref name=":4" /> Pula e ntsi ka Ngwanatsele, Morule le Mopitlo, fa Phukwi e le kgwedi e e omeletseng go gaisa dikgwedi tse dingwe. Ka ntlha ya go nna kwa tlase, Kinshasa o na le seemo sa loapi se se molelo mme go le bongola, ka paka ya komelelo go tswa ka Seetebosigo go tsena Lwetse le paka ya pula go tswa ka Lwetse go tsena Motsheganong.<ref name=":4" /> === Dimela === Setlhare sa palm le sa papyrus di apesitse lotshitshi lwa noka le lekadiba la Malebo, fa dithunya tsa metsi di kokobetse mo moseleng wa noka gape di tsamaya mo lekadibeng. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260626104553/https://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php%3Feco%3D548 "Malebo Pool"] Archived 2011-10-05 at the Wayback Machine. [https://www.feow.org/ "Freshwater Ecoregions of the World]". The Nature Conservancy. Accessed 26 June 2206</ref> == Metswedi == a7jcifpl25fof5nzpq3m7s71u6ogl6b Noka ya Mwatisi 0 14140 52303 51852 2026-07-10T11:00:44Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52303 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Mwatisi''' ke noka e e kwa [[Tanzania]]. E elela go ralala kgaolo ya Mbeya.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180417045030/http://www.tzdpg.or.tz/fileadmin/documents/dpg_internal/dpg_working_groups_clusters/cluster_2/water/WSDP/WSDP_Reports/June-Dec_2012_Semiannual_Progress_Report.pdf Implementations between July - December 2012 were as follows:...Kalinga schemes, • Pipe crossing across mwatisi river constructed, • Leakages repaire]d, Page 45, UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA, MINISTRY OF WATER, WATER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME, SEMI-ANNUAL PHYSICAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR FINANCIAL YEAR 2012/2013, MARCH 2013</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180427223458/http://www.taccire.suanet.ac.tz/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/385/SOKONI.pdf?sequence=1 Various streams feed into the two main rivers of Kiwira and Mwatisi that drain south-eastwards into Lake Nyasa](also known as Lake Malawi), Journalo/the Geographical Association o/Tanzania, Vol. 35: 53-64, Human Impact on the Headwater Environment In the Uporoto Highlands, Tanzania, Cosmas H. Sokoni</ref><ref>[http://suaire.suanet.ac.tz:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/623/DIMITRI%20KWILEJA.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 3.2.4.1 Topography...Rungwe District is generally mountainous, with Rungwe Mountain ....Steep sides of the mountain ranges are characterized by small numerous streams which together form major rivers such as ...Mwatisi ... River ... Mwatisi ...originate from the Rungwe Mountain ..... These rivers ....pour their waters into Lake Nyasa in Kyela District.,] By DIMITRI KWILEJA, Page 16, INVOLVEMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF PRIVATE EXTENSION SERVICE PROVIDERS IN RUNGWE DISTRICT, TANZANIA, A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Thaba ya Rungwe]] - lekgwa molelo kwa kgaolong ya Mbeya kwa Tanzania == Metswedi == gm7ojeoo8x1zyrhopdjrpytoxda18uh Diphororo tsa Miriadua 0 14197 52264 51734 2026-07-10T03:08:43Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52264 wikitext text/x-wiki Diphororo tsa Miriadua ke lefelo la bojanala la kwa Uganda le le fitlhelwang kwa Maracha mo Nokeng ya Oluffe, <ref>Kisakye, Frank. ''The Observer'' (4 October 2022). "Mount Wati and Miriadua Falls are West Nile’s Best-Kept Secret"</ref>dikilometara tse di fetang masome a mabedikwa bokone jwa Arua City. == Ditiro == Diphororo tsa Miriadua di agilwe mo gare ga bojang jo bo tala,<ref>''The Explorer''. "Miriadua Falls: A Hidden Gem in Maracha District"</ref> mme Diphororo tsa Miriadua ga se fela selo se se kgatlhang se se bonwang ka matlho se se nang le metsi a a phothoselang a wela mo matlapeng a a tletseng matlapa; gape e naya batho sebaka sa go dira dilo tse di kgatlhang. Baeng ba ka nna ba tsamaya ka dinao le go lebelela dinonyane, ba bona diphologolo tse di farologaneng tse di nnang mo mafelong a a fa gaufi. Ditsela tse di fa gaufi di go isa kwa mafelong a mantle a a kgatlhang, a a bontshang bontle jwa tlholego jwa lefelo leno. Ke lefelo le go dirwang dipikiniki le dikokoano tsa lelapa kwa bontle jwa diphororo bo tokafatsang nako nngwe le nngwe e o e fetsang le batho ba o ba ratang. == Kaelo == Diphororo tsa Miriadua di fitlhelwa go tswa kwa Koboko Highway morago ga Kijomoro;<ref>[https://maracha.go.ug/activities/tourism Maracha District Government Portal: Tourism]</ref> kgabaganya go ya kwa teng ga Kakwa Cope Centre signpost mme o tsamaele pele dikilometara di le pedi go fitlha o retologela kwa molemeng pele ga Ambidro Health Centre III ka marulelo a tshipi a mmala wa botala! Dithekesi kgotsa di-bodaboda di ka go isa gaufi le koo go tswa kwa Arua City mo sephatlong sa ura go simolola ka 5,000 UGX go ya pele.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://evendo.com/locations/uganda/west-nile/landmark/miriadua-falls |title=''Evendo'' "Miriadua Falls: Nature's Majestic Cascade" |access-date=2026-06-27 |archive-date=2025-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007122657/https://evendo.com/locations/uganda/west-nile/landmark/miriadua-falls |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Metswedi == cuizbn63pgom0veixhv9l0o9e7y6h19 Letsha la Chilwa 0 14217 52277 51886 2026-07-10T07:52:22Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52277 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Chilwa''' ke letsha la bobedi ka bogolo kwa Malawi le sala morago letsha la [[Malawi]]. Le kwa kgaolong e e kwa botlhaba ya Zomba, gaufi le molelwane le lefatshe la [[Mozambique]]. Le dikhilomithara di le masome a marataro ka boleele le bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le masome a mane, letsha le dikaganyeditswe ke makgobokgobo. Go na le setlhaketlhake fa gare ga letsha, se se bidiwang [[setlhaketlhake sa Chisi]]. Letsha ga le tsholole metsi, seelo sa metsi se laowa thata ke dipula tsa dipaka tse di farologaneng le go tsewa ke phefo le letsatsi ka paka ya selemo. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi, letsha le ne la nyelela ka seemo sa bosa se se neng se omeletse thata. Fa [[David Livingstone]] a etela letsha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a matlhano le borobabongwe,<ref>[[:en:Hugh_Chisholm|Chisholm, Hugh]], ed. (1911). "[[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Chilwa|Chilwa]]" . ''[[:en:Eleventh_edition_of_the_Encyclopædia_Britannica|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 164.</ref> o ne a bega gore molelwane wa lone o o kwa borwa o goroga kwa Mulanje Massif, mo go neng go tlaa dira letsha boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le masome a mararo le bobedi (dimithara di le lesome) go gaisa jaaka le ntse gompieno. Lekgotla la Danish International Development Agency, le bereka le puso ya Malawi le ntse le berekago netefatsa tshomarelo ya letsha la makgobokgobo. Lenaneo la Lake Chilwa Basin Climate Change Adaptation Programme le simolotswe go leka go somarela kgaolo e, e e seng makgobokgobo a a botlhokwa fela, mme gape e le motswedi o mogolo wa ditlhapi mo kgaolong.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305173627/http://www.lakechilwaproject.mw/ "Lake Chilwa Basin Climate Change Adaptation Programme".] Archived from [http://www.lakechilwaproject.mw/ the original] on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2026-06-29.</ref> == Diphologolo tsa naga == Mefuta ya ditlhapi e e tlwaelesegileng ya letsha la Chiwa ke Barbus paludinosus, Oreochromis, Clarias gariepuinus, Brycinus imberi le gnathonemus.<ref>Njaya, Friday J. (2001). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171117231905/http://www.unuftp.is/static/fellows/document/fridayprf.pdf "Management options for Lake Chilwa, Malawi"] (PDF). ''UNU Fisheries Training Programme''. [[:en:United_Nations|United Nations.]]</ref> Letsha le na le dinonyane di ka nna sedikadike le dikete di le makgolo a matlhano ka mefuta e le lekgolo le masome a marataro. Dingwe tsa tsone di fuduga mo tseleng ya phefo ya [[Asia]] - Botlhaba jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] go tswa [[Siberia]] ngwaga le ngwaga. Ka mefuta ya dinonyane e le lesome le bobedi, palo e feta 1% wa dinonyane tse di mo tseleng e ya phefo. Palo ya batho ba ba gaufi le letsha le e kwa tlase mme e a gola, dinonyane tsa metsi di tsomelwa go jewa fa metsi a le kwa tlase go tshwara ditlhapi go se motlhofo. Maiteko a a diriwa a go netefatsa gore go tsoma go diriwa ka tsela e e siameng.<ref>Boere, G. C.; Galbraith, Colin A.; Stroud, David A. (2006). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=4htx09cb-6gC&pg=PA255&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Waterbirds around the world: a global overview of the conservation, management and research of the world's waterbird flyways''.] The Stationery Office. p. 255. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-11-497333-4|<bdi>0-11-497333-4</bdi>.]]</ref> == Itsholelo == Metse e ka nna makgolo a mararo, masome a mararo le botlhano e na le banni ba le dikete di le masome a marataro<ref>Kalinga, Owen J. M. (2012-01-01). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=FuXPkCVjzasC&redir_esc=y ''Historical Dictionary of Malawi''.] Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780810859616|<bdi>9780810859616</bdi>.]]</ref> , ba ba tsayang karolo mo go tshwareng ditlhapi mo letsheng le, go tshwarwa ditlhapi di ka nna bokete jwa dikete di le lesome le bosupa ka ngwaga, 20% wa ditlhapi tsotlhe tse di tshwarwang kwa Malawi.<ref>[https://www.ipsnews.net/2012/08/livelihoods-drying-up-on-malawis-lake-chilwa/ "Livelihoods Drying Up on Malawi's Lake Chilwa | Inter Press Service".] ''www.ipsnews.net''. 17 August 2012. Retrieved 2026-06-29</ref> == Metswedi == tn8yw9fsymkcyqx6hgktxq6ok5c881q Noka ya Afram 0 14221 52293 51890 2026-07-10T10:27:40Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Afram|image_name=River Afram.JPG|caption=Noka ya Afram e e kopanang le [[Letsha la Volta]]|image_map=Rivers of south Ghana OSM.png|map_caption=Borwa jwa Ghana le noka ya Afram|basin_countries=[[Ghana]]|location=[[Letsha la Volta]]}} '''Noka ya Afram''' ke noka ya dikhilomithara di le lekgolo kwa Ghana. Pele ga go agiwa [[letamo la Akosombo]] ka dingwaga di le sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro, Afram e ne e le motswedi mogolo wa [[noka ya Volta]], gompieno ke motswedi o o botlhokwa wa [[letsha la Volta]]. Noka e elela makgwakgwa kwa borwa-bophirima. E tshelwa ke Kwahu Plateau.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220910195417/http://www.scn.org/rdi/kw-fram.htm Afram Kwawu]. Accessed 29 June 2026</ref> == Metswedi == im6oztc9kdoi217y6y3w4x2ozsrqqbi Woolworths (Aforika Borwa) 0 14298 52235 52184 2026-07-09T15:52:56Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke fetotse tsebe e #wikipedia25bw 52235 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Woolworths''' ( semmuso '''Woolworths Holdings Limited''', mme ka puo ya tlwaelo e itsege jaaka '''Woolies''' ) ke kompone ya thekiso ya Aforikaborwa e e dirang mo dinageng di le dintsi , e e naleng ntlokgolo ya yone kwa [[Cape Town]] . E tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bongwe (1931), kompone e ke ya [[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo a dikarolo tse di farologaneng]] a manobonobo a Aforikaborwa le [[:en:Grocery_store|ketane ya dilwana tsa mo gae ya]] Woolworths, morekisi wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Country Road]], le ketane ya [[:en:Pet_store|mabentlele a magolo go gaisa otlhe a diruiwa tsa]] mo gae mo Aforikaborwa, e e leng [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]].<ref>Moneyweb (30 September 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/in-battle-for-pets-shoprite-is-catching-woolies-fast/ "In battle for pets, Shoprite is catching Woolies fast". Moneyweb.] Retrieved 5 October 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhana (2025), setlhopha seno se thapa batho ba ka nna dikete di le masome a mararo le bobedi. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2024 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/whlfy24.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Karolo ya Aforika Borwa ya Woolworths e akaretsa kgwebo ya [[:en:Luxury_goods|dithoto tsa manobonobo]], go akaretsa le mokgwa wa diaparo, dithoto tsa mo gae, le didirisiwa tsa bontle. Mabenkele a a ikemetseng a dijo le "mafelo a go emela go reka dijo" tse di gokeletsweng mo mafelong a thekiso ya lookwane tsa [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] di mo mafelong a toropokgolo go ralala Aforika Borwa. Karolo e kgolo ya setlhopha, Woolworths Financial Services (WFS), e fa bareki dikarata tsa mabentlele, dikarata tsa sekoloto, dikadimo tse di dikologang le tshoreletso ya diruiwa tsa mo gae. Mo ngwageng wa yona wa matlole wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), WFS e ne e na le karolo ya bone ya lotseno lwa Woolworths. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), Woolworths e na le palogotlhe ya mafelo a le sekete le makgolo a matlhano le masome a le borobabone le bongwe . Kompone e tsamaisa mabentlele a dijo a le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro le borataro le mabentlele a magolo a le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano mo Aforika Borwa, mmogo le palogotlhe ya mabentlele a le masome a borobabongwe le bosupa mo mabentleleng a yone a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] le mabentlele a le masome a brobabongwe le boraro go ralala Aforika yotlhe. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Kompone gape e tsamaisa mabentlele a [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] a le lekgolo le masome a borobabobedi le mabentlele a Country Road a makgolo a thataro le masome a mararo (nasome a borobabobedi le borobabobedi a mo Aforika Borwa, mme a setseng a le ko Australasia). Ka kakaretso, go tloga ka ngwaga wa yone wa madi wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), Woolworths e na le lefelo la kgwebisano le le akaretsang selekanyo sa boleele jwa dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete di le makgolo a le borobabobedi le masome a mararo le bobedi (dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete dile sekete di le borobarobedi le makgolo a borobabongwe le masome a marataro). <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf "Annual Financial Statements, 2025"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings. September 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Karolo ya masome a le borobabobedi le borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya mabentlele a Woolworths a mo Aforika, mme karolo ya lesome le bongwe le bongwe mo lekgolong e e setseng e kwa Australia. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf "Integrated Annual Report, 2024"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Woolworths gape e na le WCafe, e leng ketane ya mabentlele a kofi a ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi a di farologaneng ka bogolo  – go tswa mo mafelong a bojelo a a nang le tirelo e e tletseng, a go nniwang fa fatshe, go ya kwa dibareng tsa kofi tse di nang le lefelo la go duela tsa tsone tse di kopantsweng mo mabentleleng a Woolworths, go ya kwa mafelong a mannye [[:en:Barista|a modiri wa kofi]] kwa ntle ga mabentlele a a rileng a dijo. Mabentlele a a kofi gape a thusa go tsamaisa ditaelo tsa dijo tsa borotho. WCafe ke letshwao le le itsegeng thata mo teng ga lefelo la kgwebo la matlo a kofi a Aforika Borwa mme le gareng ga tse di nang le palo e e kwa godimo ya mabentlele. <ref name="WCafe">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=WCafe |url=https://www.woolworths.co.za/cat/_/N-pjgm5f |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Woolworths}}</ref> <ref name="New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town">{{Cite web |last=Leigh Champanis-King |date=20 August 2024 |title=New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town |url=https://www.eatout.co.za/article/new-wcafe-opens-palmyra-junction-cape-town/ |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Eat Out}}</ref> == Ditaragalo tsa bogologolo == [[File:Woolworths_first_store_in_The_Royal_Hotel,_Plein_Street.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la ntlha la Woolworths, mo lefelong la bojelo le le maphatsiphatsi la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya The Royal, kwa motseng wa Cape Town]] E tlhomilwe ke [[:en:Max_Sonnenberg|Max Sonnenberg]], Woolworths e ne ya bula dikgoro tsa yone la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1931 mo Mmileng wa Plein, [[Cape Town|motse wa Cape Town]], mo lefelong la bojelo la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya Royal e e sa tswang go tswalwa. Katlego ya yone ya ntlha e ne ya dira gore go bulwe mabentlele a mangwe a mabedi mo kgaolong ya Cape. <ref name="News24History">{{Cite news|title=6 great South African businesses older than the rand|url=https://www.news24.com/brandstory/partner-content/6-great-south-african-businesses-older-than-the-rand-20210217|date=17 February 2021|access-date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Go ise go ye kae go ne ga bonala sentle gore kgwebo e ntšha eno e na le bokgoni jwa go atologa mo nageng yotlhe, le fa kwa tshimologong go tlhoka madi go ne go kgoreletsa tsholofelo eno. Tsala ya ga Sonnenberg, Elie Susman, o ne a tlamela ka matlole a a tlhokegang go atolosa go tsena mo [[:en:Transvaal_(province)|kgaolo ya Transvaal]] mme morago ga moo a nna molekane wa gagwe wa kgwebo. <ref name="BusinessTechSusman">{{Cite web |title=From a 1930s dining hall to one of the biggest household names in South Africa |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/791272/from-a-1930s-dining-hall-to-one-of-the-biggest-household-names-in-south-africa/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=BusinessTech}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Florist_and_Fresh_Produce_Sections_of_the_Woolworths_Food_Emporium_in_Durbanville,_Cape_Town.jpg|thumb|Dikarolo tsa barekisi ba dithunya le dijo tsa dijalo tse di itekanetseng tsa Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Tlhopho ya leina e simolotse mo botsalanong jwa ga Sonnenberg le moromedi wa Lontone le mothusi wa matlole, Percy (P.R.) Lewis. Lewis e ne e le mokaedi wa Mabentlele a Diketane a kwa Australasia (ACS), e leng ntlo ya dikepe le ya madi kwa Lontone e e neng ya tlhongwa go direla kgwebo ya Australia e e neng e gola ka bonako e e neng ya tlhongwa ke W.T. Christmas. <ref name="SAResearcherNaming">{{Cite web |title=The Woolworths South Africa story |url=https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=South African Researcher}}</ref> Batho ba ba romelang dithoto kwa Lontone ba ne ba tlhola ba thusa ka madi le go tlhopha dithoto tse di sa bonweng, tse morago ga moo di neng di romelwa kwa bareking ba bone. Ka kompone ya Amerika (e jaanong e sa tlholeng e le teng) ya F.W. Woolworth Company e ne e sena kgatlhego ya go gweba kwa Australia, "Rre" Christmas – jaaka a ne a itsege – o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe e ntšhwa. Lewis o ne a akantsha Sonnenberg gore ACS e ka tlaleletsa pampiri ya ya ga "Rre" Christmas le go romela selekanyo se se fokoditsweng sa sengwe le sengwe se se latelanang go tswa kwa Australia go ya kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ "The Woolworths South Africa story]". ''South African Researcher''. Retrieved 10 January 2026.</ref> Go ya ka se, Sonnenberg o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe. Dingwaga di le pedi moragonyana, kgotlatshekelo ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya atlhola gore go ne go tlhomilwe bopelonomi jo bo lekaneng go kgaola taelo e e neng e tlisitswe ke morekisi wa lefatshe la America kgatlhanong le tiriso ya leina leo.<ref>Susman, David (2004). ''An African Shopkeeper''. Cape Town: Fernwood Press. p.&#x20;27. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-874950-78-3|978-1-874950-78-3]]</bdi>.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Pasta Section of the Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Karolo ya dijo ya Italy le ya Mexico ya Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Ka ngwaga wa 1998, Woolworths e ne ya nna le karolo ya taolo mo morekising wa diaparo wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_(retailer)|Country Road]] . Le fa go ntse jalo, kompone e ne ya palelwa ke go tsaya Country Road e [[:en:Private_limited_company|se ya setšhaba]] ka ntlha ya go gana ga ga [[:en:Solomon_Lew|Solomon Lew]] go rekisa seabe sa gagwe sa dikarolo di le lesome le motso le masome a marataro le bosupa mo go lekgolong mo kgwebong. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Simon |date=1999-11-26 |title=$80m debt load sinks Sportsgirl |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/80m-debt-load-sinks-sportsgirl-19991126-k92ri |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=[[Australian Financial Review]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Treadgold |first=Tim |date=1999-07-09 |title=Out of South Africa |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/out-of-south-africa-19990709-kb4yn |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Australian Financial Review |language=en}}</ref> Woolworths e ne ya nna mong ka botlalo wa Country Road ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa 2014 fa e ne e reka seabe sa ga Lew ka didolara di le dikete tse 200 tsa Amerika.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Verrender|date=2014-06-24|title=Woolworths' offer to buy Lew out of Country Road raises questions|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-24/woolworths-offer-to-buy-lew-out-of-country-road-raises-questions/5547308|accessdate=2024-02-17}}</ref> <ref>Greenblat, Eli (25 July 2014). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/solomon-lew-accepts-country-road-offer-ending-17-year-battle-20140725-zwyys.html "Solomon Lew accepts Country Road offer, ending 17 year battle".] [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, lebentlele la Woolworths e ne ya reka kgwebo ya mabentlele a magolo ya Australia e bong [[:en:David_Jones_(department_store)|David Jones]] ka diranta di le dikete di le pedi ntlha nngwe tsa Astralia. David Jones o ne a rekisediwa setlamo sa sephiri sa [[:en:Anchorage_Capital_Partners|Anchorage Capital Partners]] ka Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2023.<ref>Koehn, Emma (19 December 2022). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/storied-history-david-jones-gets-new-owners-just-in-time-for-christmas-20221219-p5c7df.html "'Storied history': David Jones gets new owners just in time for Christmas"]. [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la Dijo la Woolworths kwa [[Durbanville]], [[Kapa Bophirima|Western Cape]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2025 , Woolworths e ne ya simolola tirisanommogo ya yone ya Woolies After Dark le [[:en:Uber_Eats|Uber Eats]]. Go bonala kwa maemelong a dijo a tlhopilweng a Woolworths mo mafelong a leokwane a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]], tirelo e e ile ya dira gore go isiwe dithoto ko malapeng go fitlhela bosigogare, go feta dioura dipe tse di tlwaelesegileng tsa lebentlele la morekisi ope.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/article/woolies-after-dark-is-now-available-through-uber-eats-258567a "Woolies After Dark is now available through Uber Eats"]. Bizcommunity.com. 11 March 2025. Retrieved 29 October 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Entrance to Woolworths Food Store and Cafe in Claremont, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths le WCafe e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo lefelong la mabentlele la Palmyra Junction, kwa [[Claremont, Cape Town|Claremont]], [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi 2025, Woolies e ne ya bula sebopego se sešwa sa lebentlele – Lebenkele la Dijo la Woolworths – le le nang le lefelo la ntlha kwa [[:en:Durbanville|Durbanville]], kwa [[:en:Western_Cape|Western Cape]]. Lebentlele le e ne ya nna lone le le sa tswang go dirwa [[:en:Flagship|le legolo le le emelang komponi]] . Lebentlele le ga le le legolo fela go feta lebentlele le le tlwaelesegileng la dijo tsa Woolworths mme gape le agilwe ka mokgwa o o neelang bareki maitemogelo a a kgetegileng fa ba reka. Thulaganyo e sa tswang go dirwa e akaretsa mafelo a a kgethegileng a a akaretsang lefelo la [[:en:Florist|morekisi wa dithunya]], lefelo la tirelo le le nang le go apaya ka tlhamalalo fa pele ga bareki, morekisi wa ditlhapi, karolo ya dimonamone, mafelo a dijo a Italy le Mexico, le karolo ya mofine ya WCellar.<ref>capeetc (7 July 2025). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/woolworths-opens-first-of-its-kind-food-emporium-in-cape-town/ "Woolworths opens first-of-its-kind Food Emporium in Cape Town"]. Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 11 September 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2026, Woolworths e ne ya itsise gore e ne e leka go itlhatlhoba kwa lebentleleng la yone kwa [[:en:Foreshore,_Cape_Town|Foreshore]], kwa [[:en:Cape_Town|Capetown]]. Morekisi o ne a ikaeletse go bona gore a lefelo la go duela ka bonako e le nngwe fela e ka thusa go fokotsa mela ya nako ya dijo tsa motshegare. Mmueledi wa Woolworths o buile gore teko ya teng ga ena go go ntsha maemo a [[:en:Cashier|baduedisi]] le gore babereki bape ba ab amegang ba tla fiwa katiso e nngwe gape abo ba abelwa maemo a mangwe gape mo lebentleleng.<ref>Angelica Rhoda (21 February 2026). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/shopping/woolworths-pilots-self-service-checkout-cape-town/ "Woolworths pilots self-service checkout in Cape Town".] Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Kgato e e ne ya latela teko ya dikolotsana tse di botlhale tsa go reka ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2025 ke morekisi yo o gaisanang wa [[:en:Checkers_(supermarket_chain)|Checkers]].<ref>Terri-Ann Brouwers (21 August 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/checkers-trials-sas-first-smart-trolley-with-built-in-checkout/ "Checkers trials SA's first smart trolley with built-in checkout".] Moneyweb. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2026, go ne ga itsisiwe fa Roy Bagattini a tla rola tiro jaaka mokhuduthamaga wa Woolworths kwa mafelong a Lwetse 2026, morago ga dingwaga di feta thataro mo maemong ao. O tla latelelwa ke mokhuduthamaga wa jaanong wa lephata la Dijo la Woolworths, Sam Ngumeni. <ref>Nick Wilson (12 March 2026). [https://www.news24.com/business/companies/woolworths-has-a-new-ceo-as-bagattini-retires-20260312-0505 "Woolworths has a new CEO as Bagattini retires"]. news24. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref>Gape ka Mopitlo, Woolworths e ne ya gapa In2Food, e e leng moabi wa nako e telele wa dijo tsa yone tsa maemo a a kwa godimo.<ref>Dludla, Nqobile (17 March 2026). [https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africas-woolworths-acquires-longtime-supplier-in2food-2026-03-17/ "South Africa's Woolworths buys longtime supplier in2food"]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved 19 March 2026.</ref> * Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2026, go begilwe gore Woolworths e dirisana mmogo le setlhopha sa [[:en:Takealot_Group|Takealot]] mo ditirelong tsa bobolokelo le kabo, tsa Woolworths Online. Setlhopha se gape se ne se dirisa setlamo sa Takealot sa go isa dilwana Rre D, go isa dilwana go tswa kwa [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] e e leng ya Woolworths.<ref>Luke Fraser (30 June 2026). [https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/864995/takealot-delivering-woolworths-products-in-south-africa/ "Takealot Group delivering Woolworths products in South Africa"]. BusinessTech. Retrieved 3 July 2026.</ref> == Ditiro == [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Store Entrance in 3Arts Village, Plumstead, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths le WCafe e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo lefelong la mabentlele la Palmyra Junction, kwa [[Claremont, Cape Town|Claremont]], [[Cape Town]]]] Woolies e na le mefuta ya mabentlele a farologaneng, go akaretsa: <ref name=":0">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/overview/whl/ "The WHL Group".] Woolworths. Retrieved 11 September 2025.</ref> * Woolworths ([[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo]] a a nang le dijo, diaparo le didirisiwa tsa mo gae) * Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths (mabenkele a magolo a [[:en:Grocery|dijo tsa ko lapeng]]) * Dijo tsa Woolworths (mabenkele a magareng a korosari) * Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths (mabenkele a mannye a korosari) * WCafé ([[:en:Coffeehouse|matlo a kofi]]) * [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Diruiwa tsa mo gae tse di feletseng]] ([[:en:Pet_store|mabenkele a diruiwa tsa mo gae)]] Kompone eo gape e tsamaisa Ditirelo tsa madi tsa Woolworths, mmogo le [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Setlhopha sa Ditsela tsa Naga .]]<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food, Main St. JHB.jpg|thumb|Dijo tsa Woolworths, Mmila o Mogolo wa JHB]] == Letshwaokgebo == Kompone e e rekisa dilwana le mekgabisa le ka fa tlase ga matshwaokgwebo a mmalwa, e akaretsang Studio W, RE:, le Kgatiso, e ntse gape e emetse matshwaokgwebo a sehlopha sa Australia, go akaretsa le Country Road, [[:en:Witchery_(company)|Witchery]], le Trenery.<ref name=":0" /> == Tsa koporase le ngwao == [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Distribution Center in Milnerton, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Lefelo la phatlalatso la Woolworths kwa Milnerton, Cape Town]] === Mosepele o molemo wa kgwebo === Go tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 2007, kgwebo ya Good Business Journey e ne ipeela seelo se se hapegileng sa go itsetsepela ga setšhaba sa kompone.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/356/145471.html "Woolworths sets Good Business Journey goals for 2020"]. ''www.bizcommunity.com''. Retrieved 31 July 2020.</ref> Gape e ikaelela go netefatsa mokgwa o o tlhomameng wa go bua ka dintlha tsa go itsetsepela go ralala thulaganyo ya yone ya tlamelo ya lefatshe lotlhe, jaaka nngwe ya keletso e e boletsweng ya Woolworths ya go nna morekisi yo o itsetsepetseng go gaisa botlhe mo karolong ya borwa jwa lefatshe.<ref>[https://www.marketscreener.com/WOOLWORTHS-HOLDINGS-LIMIT-1413424/pdf/666225/Woolworths%20Holdings%20Limite_Annual-Report.pdf "Woolworths Holdings Limited Annual Report"] (PDF). ''marketscreener.com''. Retrieved 31 January 2020.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2016, kompone e ne ya tlhagisa mekgele ya yone ya GBJ 2020, e e neng e akaretsa go kopanya thulaganyo e mo dikgwebong tsa setlhopha tsa Australia – tse jaanong di dirang selekanyo karolo ya lekgolo e feta masome a mane tsa thekiso.<ref name=":1">[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/356/145471.html "Woolworths sets Good Business Journey goals for 2020"]. Bizcommunity.com.</ref><ref>[https://www.fin24.com/Company/Woolworths-Holdings-Ltd "Company Snapshot"]. Fin24.</ref> Maitlamo a Setlhopha sa WHL a GBJ 2020 a akaretsa go tsenya letsogo go feta [[:en:South_African_rand|R]]3.5 bilione mo baaging go ralala setlhopha mo dingwageng di le tlhano tse di latelang; go boloka dilitara tse dikete di le makgolo a le matlhano tsa metsi mo pakeng e e tshwanang; go fokotsa tlhotlheletso ya maatla a kompone ka sephatlo ka 2020 le go fitlhelela lekgolo mo lekgolong tsa maatla a a phepa ka ngwaga wa 2030; go tsweledisa go batla dithoto tsotlhe tsa botlhokwa ka maikarabelo ka 2020; le go netefatsa gore [[:en:Private_label|setlhagisiwa sengwe le sengwe sa letswhao la kompone]] se se rekisiwang se akaretsa bogolo nonofo e nngwe ya go itsetsepela ka ngwaga wa 2020. <ref name=":1" /> == Maikaelelo a tlhabololo e e tswelelang == === Matlakala a a sa puthelwang a yang kwa lefelong la matlakala === Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2018, Woolworths e itsisitse maikaelelo a yone a go atlega mo go sa nneng le [[:en:Packaging_waste|matlakala a diphuthelwana]] a a tla latlhelwang mo lefelong la matlakala ka ngwaga wa 2022, ka maikaelelo a go netefatsa gore ga go na sepe sa diphuthelwana tsa yone se se felelang se le ko lefelong la matlakala. Maikaelelo a a tlhoka tiriso ya didirisiwa tse di ka dirisiwang gape ka botlalo go phuthela, e e tshegediwang ke mafaratlhatlha a a atlegang a go dirisa gape dilo.<ref>[https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/249571/woolworths-is-ditching-its-wasteful-plastic-packaging-heres-what-is-changing/ "Woolworths is ditching its wasteful plastic packaging – here's what is changing".] BusinessTech.co.za.</ref> <ref>[https://www.capetownetc.com/news/woolworths-commits-to-no-plastic-by-2022/ "Woolworths commits to being 100% recyclable by 2022 | CapeTown ETC".] ''www.capetownetc.com''. Retrieved 11 December 2019.</ref>Woolworths gape e itlamile go fedisa dikgetsi tsa sekhakha tse di dirisiwang gangwe fela gotlhelele ka 2020.<ref>Writer. [https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/249571/woolworths-is-ditching-its-wasteful-plastic-packaging-heres-what-is-changing/ "Woolworths is ditching its wasteful plastic packaging – here's what is changing"]. Retrieved 31 July 2020.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2018, lebentlele la Palmyra Junction kwa Claremont le ne la simolola metšhini e e rekisang dilo tse di dirisiwang gape mo lebentleleng.<ref>[http://www.fastmoving.co.za/news/retailer-news-16/woolworths-pilots-sa-s-first-in-store-recycling-vending-machine-12146 "Woolworths pilots SA's first in-store recycling vending machine".] ''Fastmoving.co.za''. Retrieved 11 December 2019.</ref> mjfraccx5ckddq0s8wrk909ob8yj0r0 52239 52235 2026-07-09T17:13:29Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #wikipedia25bw 52239 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Woolworths''' ( semmuso '''Woolworths Holdings Limited''', mme ka puo ya tlwaelo e itsege jaaka '''Woolies''' ) ke kompone ya thekiso ya Aforikaborwa e e dirang mo dinageng di le dintsi , e e naleng ntlokgolo ya yone kwa [[Cape Town]] . E tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bongwe (1931), kompone e ke ya [[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo a dikarolo tse di farologaneng]] a manobonobo a Aforikaborwa le [[:en:Grocery_store|ketane ya dilwana tsa mo gae ya]] Woolworths, morekisi wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Country Road]], le ketane ya [[:en:Pet_store|mabentlele a magolo go gaisa otlhe a diruiwa tsa]] mo gae mo Aforikaborwa, e e leng [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]].<ref>Moneyweb (30 September 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/in-battle-for-pets-shoprite-is-catching-woolies-fast/ "In battle for pets, Shoprite is catching Woolies fast". Moneyweb.] Retrieved 5 October 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhana (2025), setlhopha seno se thapa batho ba ka nna dikete di le masome a mararo le bobedi. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2024 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/whlfy24.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Karolo ya Aforika Borwa ya Woolworths e akaretsa kgwebo ya [[:en:Luxury_goods|dithoto tsa manobonobo]], go akaretsa le mokgwa wa diaparo, dithoto tsa mo gae, le didirisiwa tsa bontle. Mabenkele a a ikemetseng a dijo le "mafelo a go emela go reka dijo" tse di gokeletsweng mo mafelong a thekiso ya lookwane tsa [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] di mo mafelong a toropokgolo go ralala Aforika Borwa. Karolo e kgolo ya setlhopha, Woolworths Financial Services (WFS), e fa bareki dikarata tsa mabentlele, dikarata tsa sekoloto, dikadimo tse di dikologang le tshoreletso ya diruiwa tsa mo gae. Mo ngwageng wa yona wa matlole wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), WFS e ne e na le karolo ya bone ya lotseno lwa Woolworths. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), Woolworths e na le palogotlhe ya mafelo a le sekete le makgolo a matlhano le masome a le borobabone le bongwe . Kompone e tsamaisa mabentlele a dijo a le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro le borataro le mabentlele a magolo a le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano mo Aforika Borwa, mmogo le palogotlhe ya mabentlele a le masome a borobabongwe le bosupa mo mabentleleng a yone a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] le mabentlele a le masome a brobabongwe le boraro go ralala Aforika yotlhe. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Kompone gape e tsamaisa mabentlele a [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] a le lekgolo le masome a borobabobedi le mabentlele a Country Road a makgolo a thataro le masome a mararo (nasome a borobabobedi le borobabobedi a mo Aforika Borwa, mme a setseng a le ko Australasia). Ka kakaretso, go tloga ka ngwaga wa yone wa madi wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), Woolworths e na le lefelo la kgwebisano le le akaretsang selekanyo sa boleele jwa dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete di le makgolo a le borobabobedi le masome a mararo le bobedi (dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete dile sekete di le borobarobedi le makgolo a borobabongwe le masome a marataro). <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf "Annual Financial Statements, 2025"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings. September 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Karolo ya masome a le borobabobedi le borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya mabentlele a Woolworths a mo Aforika, mme karolo ya lesome le bongwe le bongwe mo lekgolong e e setseng e kwa Australia. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf "Integrated Annual Report, 2024"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Woolworths gape e na le WCafe, e leng ketane ya mabentlele a kofi a ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi a di farologaneng ka bogolo  – go tswa mo mafelong a bojelo a a nang le tirelo e e tletseng, a go nniwang fa fatshe, go ya kwa dibareng tsa kofi tse di nang le lefelo la go duela tsa tsone tse di kopantsweng mo mabentleleng a Woolworths, go ya kwa mafelong a mannye [[:en:Barista|a modiri wa kofi]] kwa ntle ga mabentlele a a rileng a dijo. Mabentlele a a kofi gape a thusa go tsamaisa ditaelo tsa dijo tsa borotho. WCafe ke letshwao le le itsegeng thata mo teng ga lefelo la kgwebo la matlo a kofi a Aforika Borwa mme le gareng ga tse di nang le palo e e kwa godimo ya mabentlele. <ref name="WCafe">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=WCafe |url=https://www.woolworths.co.za/cat/_/N-pjgm5f |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Woolworths}}</ref> <ref name="New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town">{{Cite web |last=Leigh Champanis-King |date=20 August 2024 |title=New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town |url=https://www.eatout.co.za/article/new-wcafe-opens-palmyra-junction-cape-town/ |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Eat Out}}</ref> == Ditaragalo tsa bogologolo == [[File:Woolworths_first_store_in_The_Royal_Hotel,_Plein_Street.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la ntlha la Woolworths, mo lefelong la bojelo le le maphatsiphatsi la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya The Royal, kwa motseng wa Cape Town]] E tlhomilwe ke [[:en:Max_Sonnenberg|Max Sonnenberg]], Woolworths e ne ya bula dikgoro tsa yone la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1931 mo Mmileng wa Plein, [[Cape Town|motse wa Cape Town]], mo lefelong la bojelo la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya Royal e e sa tswang go tswalwa. Katlego ya yone ya ntlha e ne ya dira gore go bulwe mabentlele a mangwe a mabedi mo kgaolong ya Cape. <ref name="News24History">{{Cite news|title=6 great South African businesses older than the rand|url=https://www.news24.com/brandstory/partner-content/6-great-south-african-businesses-older-than-the-rand-20210217|date=17 February 2021|access-date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Go ise go ye kae go ne ga bonala sentle gore kgwebo e ntšha eno e na le bokgoni jwa go atologa mo nageng yotlhe, le fa kwa tshimologong go tlhoka madi go ne go kgoreletsa tsholofelo eno. Tsala ya ga Sonnenberg, Elie Susman, o ne a tlamela ka matlole a a tlhokegang go atolosa go tsena mo [[:en:Transvaal_(province)|kgaolo ya Transvaal]] mme morago ga moo a nna molekane wa gagwe wa kgwebo. <ref name="BusinessTechSusman">{{Cite web |title=From a 1930s dining hall to one of the biggest household names in South Africa |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/791272/from-a-1930s-dining-hall-to-one-of-the-biggest-household-names-in-south-africa/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=BusinessTech}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Florist_and_Fresh_Produce_Sections_of_the_Woolworths_Food_Emporium_in_Durbanville,_Cape_Town.jpg|thumb|Dikarolo tsa barekisi ba dithunya le dijo tsa dijalo tse di itekanetseng tsa Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Tlhopho ya leina e simolotse mo botsalanong jwa ga Sonnenberg le moromedi wa Lontone le mothusi wa matlole, Percy (P.R.) Lewis. Lewis e ne e le mokaedi wa Mabentlele a Diketane a kwa Australasia (ACS), e leng ntlo ya dikepe le ya madi kwa Lontone e e neng ya tlhongwa go direla kgwebo ya Australia e e neng e gola ka bonako e e neng ya tlhongwa ke W.T. Christmas. <ref name="SAResearcherNaming">{{Cite web |title=The Woolworths South Africa story |url=https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=South African Researcher}}</ref> Batho ba ba romelang dithoto kwa Lontone ba ne ba tlhola ba thusa ka madi le go tlhopha dithoto tse di sa bonweng, tse morago ga moo di neng di romelwa kwa bareking ba bone. Ka kompone ya Amerika (e jaanong e sa tlholeng e le teng) ya F.W. Woolworth Company e ne e sena kgatlhego ya go gweba kwa Australia, "Rre" Christmas – jaaka a ne a itsege – o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe e ntšhwa. Lewis o ne a akantsha Sonnenberg gore ACS e ka tlaleletsa pampiri ya ya ga "Rre" Christmas le go romela selekanyo se se fokoditsweng sa sengwe le sengwe se se latelanang go tswa kwa Australia go ya kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ "The Woolworths South Africa story]". ''South African Researcher''. Retrieved 10 January 2026.</ref> Go ya ka se, Sonnenberg o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe. Dingwaga di le pedi moragonyana, kgotlatshekelo ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya atlhola gore go ne go tlhomilwe bopelonomi jo bo lekaneng go kgaola taelo e e neng e tlisitswe ke morekisi wa lefatshe la America kgatlhanong le tiriso ya leina leo.<ref>Susman, David (2004). ''An African Shopkeeper''. Cape Town: Fernwood Press. p.&#x20;27. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-874950-78-3|978-1-874950-78-3]]</bdi>.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Pasta Section of the Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Karolo ya dijo ya Italy le ya Mexico ya Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Ka ngwaga wa 1998, Woolworths e ne ya nna le karolo ya taolo mo morekising wa diaparo wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_(retailer)|Country Road]] . Le fa go ntse jalo, kompone e ne ya palelwa ke go tsaya Country Road e [[:en:Private_limited_company|se ya setšhaba]] ka ntlha ya go gana ga ga [[:en:Solomon_Lew|Solomon Lew]] go rekisa seabe sa gagwe sa dikarolo di le lesome le motso le masome a marataro le bosupa mo go lekgolong mo kgwebong. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Simon |date=1999-11-26 |title=$80m debt load sinks Sportsgirl |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/80m-debt-load-sinks-sportsgirl-19991126-k92ri |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=[[Australian Financial Review]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Treadgold |first=Tim |date=1999-07-09 |title=Out of South Africa |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/out-of-south-africa-19990709-kb4yn |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Australian Financial Review |language=en}}</ref> Woolworths e ne ya nna mong ka botlalo wa Country Road ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa 2014 fa e ne e reka seabe sa ga Lew ka didolara di le dikete tse 200 tsa Amerika.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Verrender|date=2014-06-24|title=Woolworths' offer to buy Lew out of Country Road raises questions|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-24/woolworths-offer-to-buy-lew-out-of-country-road-raises-questions/5547308|accessdate=2024-02-17}}</ref> <ref>Greenblat, Eli (25 July 2014). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/solomon-lew-accepts-country-road-offer-ending-17-year-battle-20140725-zwyys.html "Solomon Lew accepts Country Road offer, ending 17 year battle".] [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, lebentlele la Woolworths e ne ya reka kgwebo ya mabentlele a magolo ya Australia e bong [[:en:David_Jones_(department_store)|David Jones]] ka diranta di le dikete di le pedi ntlha nngwe tsa Astralia. David Jones o ne a rekisediwa setlamo sa sephiri sa [[:en:Anchorage_Capital_Partners|Anchorage Capital Partners]] ka Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2023.<ref>Koehn, Emma (19 December 2022). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/storied-history-david-jones-gets-new-owners-just-in-time-for-christmas-20221219-p5c7df.html "'Storied history': David Jones gets new owners just in time for Christmas"]. [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la Dijo la Woolworths kwa [[Durbanville]], [[Kapa Bophirima|Western Cape]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2025 , Woolworths e ne ya simolola tirisanommogo ya yone ya Woolies After Dark le [[:en:Uber_Eats|Uber Eats]]. Go bonala kwa maemelong a dijo a tlhopilweng a Woolworths mo mafelong a leokwane a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]], tirelo e e ile ya dira gore go isiwe dithoto ko malapeng go fitlhela bosigogare, go feta dioura dipe tse di tlwaelesegileng tsa lebentlele la morekisi ope.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/article/woolies-after-dark-is-now-available-through-uber-eats-258567a "Woolies After Dark is now available through Uber Eats"]. Bizcommunity.com. 11 March 2025. Retrieved 29 October 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Entrance to Woolworths Food Store and Cafe in Claremont, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths le WCafe e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo lefelong la mabentlele la Palmyra Junction, kwa [[Claremont, Cape Town|Claremont]], [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi 2025, Woolies e ne ya bula sebopego se sešwa sa lebentlele – Lebenkele la Dijo la Woolworths – le le nang le lefelo la ntlha kwa [[:en:Durbanville|Durbanville]], kwa [[:en:Western_Cape|Western Cape]]. Lebentlele le e ne ya nna lone le le sa tswang go dirwa [[:en:Flagship|le legolo le le emelang komponi]] . Lebentlele le ga le le legolo fela go feta lebentlele le le tlwaelesegileng la dijo tsa Woolworths mme gape le agilwe ka mokgwa o o neelang bareki maitemogelo a a kgetegileng fa ba reka. Thulaganyo e sa tswang go dirwa e akaretsa mafelo a a kgethegileng a a akaretsang lefelo la [[:en:Florist|morekisi wa dithunya]], lefelo la tirelo le le nang le go apaya ka tlhamalalo fa pele ga bareki, morekisi wa ditlhapi, karolo ya dimonamone, mafelo a dijo a Italy le Mexico, le karolo ya mofine ya WCellar.<ref>capeetc (7 July 2025). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/woolworths-opens-first-of-its-kind-food-emporium-in-cape-town/ "Woolworths opens first-of-its-kind Food Emporium in Cape Town"]. Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 11 September 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2026, Woolworths e ne ya itsise gore e ne e leka go itlhatlhoba kwa lebentleleng la yone kwa [[:en:Foreshore,_Cape_Town|Foreshore]], kwa [[:en:Cape_Town|Capetown]]. Morekisi o ne a ikaeletse go bona gore a lefelo la go duela ka bonako e le nngwe fela e ka thusa go fokotsa mela ya nako ya dijo tsa motshegare. Mmueledi wa Woolworths o buile gore teko ya teng ga ena go go ntsha maemo a [[:en:Cashier|baduedisi]] le gore babereki bape ba ab amegang ba tla fiwa katiso e nngwe gape abo ba abelwa maemo a mangwe gape mo lebentleleng.<ref>Angelica Rhoda (21 February 2026). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/shopping/woolworths-pilots-self-service-checkout-cape-town/ "Woolworths pilots self-service checkout in Cape Town".] Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Kgato e e ne ya latela teko ya dikolotsana tse di botlhale tsa go reka ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2025 ke morekisi yo o gaisanang wa [[:en:Checkers_(supermarket_chain)|Checkers]].<ref>Terri-Ann Brouwers (21 August 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/checkers-trials-sas-first-smart-trolley-with-built-in-checkout/ "Checkers trials SA's first smart trolley with built-in checkout".] Moneyweb. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2026, go ne ga itsisiwe fa Roy Bagattini a tla rola tiro jaaka mokhuduthamaga wa Woolworths kwa mafelong a Lwetse 2026, morago ga dingwaga di feta thataro mo maemong ao. O tla latelelwa ke mokhuduthamaga wa jaanong wa lephata la Dijo la Woolworths, Sam Ngumeni. <ref>Nick Wilson (12 March 2026). [https://www.news24.com/business/companies/woolworths-has-a-new-ceo-as-bagattini-retires-20260312-0505 "Woolworths has a new CEO as Bagattini retires"]. news24. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref>Gape ka Mopitlo, Woolworths e ne ya gapa In2Food, e e leng moabi wa nako e telele wa dijo tsa yone tsa maemo a a kwa godimo.<ref>Dludla, Nqobile (17 March 2026). [https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africas-woolworths-acquires-longtime-supplier-in2food-2026-03-17/ "South Africa's Woolworths buys longtime supplier in2food"]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved 19 March 2026.</ref> * Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2026, go begilwe gore Woolworths e dirisana mmogo le setlhopha sa [[:en:Takealot_Group|Takealot]] mo ditirelong tsa bobolokelo le kabo, tsa Woolworths Online. Setlhopha se gape se ne se dirisa setlamo sa Takealot sa go isa dilwana Rre D, go isa dilwana go tswa kwa [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] e e leng ya Woolworths.<ref>Luke Fraser (30 June 2026). [https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/864995/takealot-delivering-woolworths-products-in-south-africa/ "Takealot Group delivering Woolworths products in South Africa"]. BusinessTech. Retrieved 3 July 2026.</ref> == Ditiro == [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Store Entrance in 3Arts Village, Plumstead, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths le WCafe e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo lefelong la mabentlele la Palmyra Junction, kwa [[Claremont, Cape Town|Claremont]], [[Cape Town]]]] Woolies e na le mefuta ya mabentlele a farologaneng, go akaretsa: <ref name=":0">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/overview/whl/ "The WHL Group".] Woolworths. Retrieved 11 September 2025.</ref> * Woolworths ([[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo]] a a nang le dijo, diaparo le didirisiwa tsa mo gae) * Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths (mabenkele a magolo a [[:en:Grocery|dijo tsa ko lapeng]]) * Dijo tsa Woolworths (mabenkele a magareng a korosari) * Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths (mabenkele a mannye a korosari) * WCafé ([[:en:Coffeehouse|matlo a kofi]]) * [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Diruiwa tsa mo gae tse di feletseng]] ([[:en:Pet_store|mabenkele a diruiwa tsa mo gae)]] Kompone eo gape e tsamaisa Ditirelo tsa madi tsa Woolworths, mmogo le [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Setlhopha sa Ditsela tsa Naga .]]<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food, Main St. JHB.jpg|thumb|Dijo tsa Woolworths, Mmila o Mogolo wa JHB]] == Letshwaokgebo == Kompone e e rekisa dilwana le mekgabisa le ka fa tlase ga matshwaokgwebo a mmalwa, e akaretsang Studio W, RE:, le Kgatiso, e ntse gape e emetse matshwaokgwebo a sehlopha sa Australia, go akaretsa le Country Road, [[:en:Witchery_(company)|Witchery]], le Trenery.<ref name=":0" /> == Tsa koporase le ngwao == [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Distribution Center in Milnerton, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Lefelo la phatlalatso la Woolworths kwa Milnerton, Cape Town]] === Mosepele o molemo wa kgwebo === Go tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 2007, kgwebo ya Good Business Journey e ne ipeela seelo se se hapegileng sa go itsetsepela ga setšhaba sa kompone.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/356/145471.html "Woolworths sets Good Business Journey goals for 2020"]. ''www.bizcommunity.com''. Retrieved 31 July 2020.</ref> Gape e ikaelela go netefatsa mokgwa o o tlhomameng wa go bua ka dintlha tsa go itsetsepela go ralala thulaganyo ya yone ya tlamelo ya lefatshe lotlhe, jaaka nngwe ya keletso e e boletsweng ya Woolworths ya go nna morekisi yo o itsetsepetseng go gaisa botlhe mo karolong ya borwa jwa lefatshe.<ref>[https://www.marketscreener.com/WOOLWORTHS-HOLDINGS-LIMIT-1413424/pdf/666225/Woolworths%20Holdings%20Limite_Annual-Report.pdf "Woolworths Holdings Limited Annual Report"] (PDF). ''marketscreener.com''. Retrieved 31 January 2020.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2016, kompone e ne ya tlhagisa mekgele ya yone ya GBJ 2020, e e neng e akaretsa go kopanya thulaganyo e mo dikgwebong tsa setlhopha tsa Australia – tse jaanong di dirang selekanyo karolo ya lekgolo e feta masome a mane tsa thekiso.<ref name=":1">[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/356/145471.html "Woolworths sets Good Business Journey goals for 2020"]. Bizcommunity.com.</ref><ref>[https://www.fin24.com/Company/Woolworths-Holdings-Ltd "Company Snapshot"]. Fin24.</ref> Maitlamo a Setlhopha sa WHL a GBJ 2020 a akaretsa go tsenya letsogo go feta [[:en:South_African_rand|R]]3.5 bilione mo baaging go ralala setlhopha mo dingwageng di le tlhano tse di latelang; go boloka dilitara tse dikete di le makgolo a le matlhano tsa metsi mo pakeng e e tshwanang; go fokotsa tlhotlheletso ya maatla a kompone ka sephatlo ka 2020 le go fitlhelela lekgolo mo lekgolong tsa maatla a a phepa ka ngwaga wa 2030; go tsweledisa go batla dithoto tsotlhe tsa botlhokwa ka maikarabelo ka 2020; le go netefatsa gore [[:en:Private_label|setlhagisiwa sengwe le sengwe sa letswhao la kompone]] se se rekisiwang se akaretsa bogolo nonofo e nngwe ya go itsetsepela ka ngwaga wa 2020. <ref name=":1" /> == Maikaelelo a tlhabololo e e tswelelang == === Matlakala a a sa puthelwang a yang kwa lefelong la matlakala === Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2018, Woolworths e itsisitse maikaelelo a yone a go atlega mo go sa nneng le [[:en:Packaging_waste|matlakala a diphuthelwana]] a a tla latlhelwang mo lefelong la matlakala ka ngwaga wa 2022, ka maikaelelo a go netefatsa gore ga go na sepe sa diphuthelwana tsa yone se se felelang se le ko lefelong la matlakala. Maikaelelo a a tlhoka tiriso ya didirisiwa tse di ka dirisiwang gape ka botlalo go phuthela, e e tshegediwang ke mafaratlhatlha a a atlegang a go dirisa gape dilo.<ref>[https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/249571/woolworths-is-ditching-its-wasteful-plastic-packaging-heres-what-is-changing/ "Woolworths is ditching its wasteful plastic packaging – here's what is changing".] BusinessTech.co.za.</ref> <ref>[https://www.capetownetc.com/news/woolworths-commits-to-no-plastic-by-2022/ "Woolworths commits to being 100% recyclable by 2022 | CapeTown ETC".] ''www.capetownetc.com''. Retrieved 11 December 2019.</ref>Woolworths gape e itlamile go fedisa dikgetsi tsa sekhakha tse di dirisiwang gangwe fela gotlhelele ka 2020.<ref>Writer. [https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/249571/woolworths-is-ditching-its-wasteful-plastic-packaging-heres-what-is-changing/ "Woolworths is ditching its wasteful plastic packaging – here's what is changing"]. Retrieved 31 July 2020.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2018, lebentlele la Palmyra Junction kwa Claremont le ne la simolola metšhini e e rekisang dilo tse di dirisiwang gape mo lebentleleng.<ref>[http://www.fastmoving.co.za/news/retailer-news-16/woolworths-pilots-sa-s-first-in-store-recycling-vending-machine-12146 "Woolworths pilots SA's first in-store recycling vending machine".] ''Fastmoving.co.za''. Retrieved 11 December 2019.</ref> == Dikgetsi tse di ka dirisiwang gape == Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2018, Woolworths e ne ya simolola teko ya dikgetsi tse di ka dirisiwang gape mo lebentleleng jaaka karolo ya maiteko a yone a go fedisa dikgetsi tsa sekhakha .<ref>[https://www.businessinsider.co.za/woolworths-introduces-reusable-plastic-bags-at-its-stores-bans-singel-use-plastic-bags-at-steenberg-store-2018-10 "These Woolworths stores are switching to reusable plastic bags – and plastic bags have been entirely banned at one outlet"]. Business Insider.</ref> Go simolola ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele a tlhola matlatsi ale matlhano ka ngwaga wa 2018, dikgetsi tse tse diša tsa go reka tse di ka dirisiwang gape tsa maemo a go tsena di ne tsa dirwa gore di nne teng mo mabentleleng a le mane go ralala Western Cape – [[:en:Victoria_&_Alfred_Waterfront|V&A Waterfront]], [[:en:Claremont,_Cape_Town|Palmyra Junction,]] [[:en:Pinelands,_Cape_Town|Pinelands]], le [[:en:Steenberg,_Cape_Town|Steenberg]] – mme fa e sa le ka nako eo di ile tsa anamisiwa kwa mabentleleng a mangwe.<ref>[["Next phase in plastic bag free trial announced". The Green Times. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.|"Next phase in plastic bag free trial announced".]] ''The Green Times''. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.</ref> Ka nako ya tekeletso, Woolworths Steenberg e ne ya dira gotlhelele go sena dikgetsi tsa sekhakha, e fa bareki tlhopho ya go reka kgetsi e e ka dirisiwang gape kgotsa go dirisa ya bone. Dikgetsi tsa sekhakha tse di dirisiwang gangwe fela di ne tsa nna di le teng mo mabentleleng a mangwe a mararo. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ngwaga wa 2019, mabentlele a mangwe – go akaretsa le a a kwa [[:en:Johannesburg|Maroun Square]], [[:en:Pretoria|Motse wa Moreleta]], le [[:en:Durban,_South_Africa|lefelo la Delcairn]] – a ne a tlhomiwa go nna a a senang dikgetsi tsa sekhakha.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/457/190076.html "Woolworths to open more 'plastic bag free' stores".] ''www.bizcommunity.com''. Retrieved 11 December 2019.</ref> 6rcbg2euepiqegdcywh5yga24n955mr 52306 52239 2026-07-10T11:18:01Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25bw 52306 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Woolworths''' ( semmuso '''Woolworths Holdings Limited''', mme ka puo ya tlwaelo e itsege jaaka '''Woolies''' ) ke kompone ya thekiso ya Aforikaborwa e e dirang mo dinageng di le dintsi , e e naleng ntlokgolo ya yone kwa [[Cape Town]] . E tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bongwe (1931), kompone e ke ya [[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo a dikarolo tse di farologaneng]] a manobonobo a Aforikaborwa le [[:en:Grocery_store|ketane ya dilwana tsa mo gae ya]] Woolworths, morekisi wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Country Road]], le ketane ya [[:en:Pet_store|mabentlele a magolo go gaisa otlhe a diruiwa tsa]] mo gae mo Aforikaborwa, e e leng [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]].<ref>Moneyweb (30 September 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/in-battle-for-pets-shoprite-is-catching-woolies-fast/ "In battle for pets, Shoprite is catching Woolies fast". Moneyweb.] Retrieved 5 October 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhana (2025), setlhopha seno se thapa batho ba ka nna dikete di le masome a mararo le bobedi. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2024 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/whlfy24.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Karolo ya Aforika Borwa ya Woolworths e akaretsa kgwebo ya [[:en:Luxury_goods|dithoto tsa manobonobo]], go akaretsa le mokgwa wa diaparo, dithoto tsa mo gae, le didirisiwa tsa bontle. Mabenkele a a ikemetseng a dijo le "mafelo a go emela go reka dijo" tse di gokeletsweng mo mafelong a thekiso ya lookwane tsa [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] di mo mafelong a toropokgolo go ralala Aforika Borwa. Karolo e kgolo ya setlhopha, Woolworths Financial Services (WFS), e fa bareki dikarata tsa mabentlele, dikarata tsa sekoloto, dikadimo tse di dikologang le tshoreletso ya diruiwa tsa mo gae. Mo ngwageng wa yona wa matlole wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), WFS e ne e na le karolo ya bone ya lotseno lwa Woolworths. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), Woolworths e na le palogotlhe ya mafelo a le sekete le makgolo a matlhano le masome a le borobabone le bongwe . Kompone e tsamaisa mabentlele a dijo a le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro le borataro le mabentlele a magolo a le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano mo Aforika Borwa, mmogo le palogotlhe ya mabentlele a le masome a borobabongwe le bosupa mo mabentleleng a yone a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] le mabentlele a le masome a brobabongwe le boraro go ralala Aforika yotlhe. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Kompone gape e tsamaisa mabentlele a [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] a le lekgolo le masome a borobabobedi le mabentlele a Country Road a makgolo a thataro le masome a mararo (nasome a borobabobedi le borobabobedi a mo Aforika Borwa, mme a setseng a le ko Australasia). Ka kakaretso, go tloga ka ngwaga wa yone wa madi wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), Woolworths e na le lefelo la kgwebisano le le akaretsang selekanyo sa boleele jwa dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete di le makgolo a le borobabobedi le masome a mararo le bobedi (dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete dile sekete di le borobarobedi le makgolo a borobabongwe le masome a marataro). <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf "Annual Financial Statements, 2025"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings. September 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Karolo ya masome a le borobabobedi le borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya mabentlele a Woolworths a mo Aforika, mme karolo ya lesome le bongwe le bongwe mo lekgolong e e setseng e kwa Australia. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf "Integrated Annual Report, 2024"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Woolworths gape e na le WCafe, e leng ketane ya mabentlele a kofi a ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi a di farologaneng ka bogolo  – go tswa mo mafelong a bojelo a a nang le tirelo e e tletseng, a go nniwang fa fatshe, go ya kwa dibareng tsa kofi tse di nang le lefelo la go duela tsa tsone tse di kopantsweng mo mabentleleng a Woolworths, go ya kwa mafelong a mannye [[:en:Barista|a modiri wa kofi]] kwa ntle ga mabentlele a a rileng a dijo. Mabentlele a a kofi gape a thusa go tsamaisa ditaelo tsa dijo tsa borotho. WCafe ke letshwao le le itsegeng thata mo teng ga lefelo la kgwebo la matlo a kofi a Aforika Borwa mme le gareng ga tse di nang le palo e e kwa godimo ya mabentlele. <ref name="WCafe">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=WCafe |url=https://www.woolworths.co.za/cat/_/N-pjgm5f |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Woolworths}}</ref> <ref name="New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town">{{Cite web |last=Leigh Champanis-King |date=20 August 2024 |title=New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town |url=https://www.eatout.co.za/article/new-wcafe-opens-palmyra-junction-cape-town/ |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Eat Out}}</ref> == Ditaragalo tsa bogologolo == [[File:Woolworths_first_store_in_The_Royal_Hotel,_Plein_Street.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la ntlha la Woolworths, mo lefelong la bojelo le le maphatsiphatsi la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya The Royal, kwa motseng wa Cape Town]] E tlhomilwe ke [[:en:Max_Sonnenberg|Max Sonnenberg]], Woolworths e ne ya bula dikgoro tsa yone la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1931 mo Mmileng wa Plein, [[Cape Town|motse wa Cape Town]], mo lefelong la bojelo la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya Royal e e sa tswang go tswalwa. Katlego ya yone ya ntlha e ne ya dira gore go bulwe mabentlele a mangwe a mabedi mo kgaolong ya Cape. <ref name="News24History">{{Cite news|title=6 great South African businesses older than the rand|url=https://www.news24.com/brandstory/partner-content/6-great-south-african-businesses-older-than-the-rand-20210217|date=17 February 2021|access-date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Go ise go ye kae go ne ga bonala sentle gore kgwebo e ntšha eno e na le bokgoni jwa go atologa mo nageng yotlhe, le fa kwa tshimologong go tlhoka madi go ne go kgoreletsa tsholofelo eno. Tsala ya ga Sonnenberg, Elie Susman, o ne a tlamela ka matlole a a tlhokegang go atolosa go tsena mo [[:en:Transvaal_(province)|kgaolo ya Transvaal]] mme morago ga moo a nna molekane wa gagwe wa kgwebo. <ref name="BusinessTechSusman">{{Cite web |title=From a 1930s dining hall to one of the biggest household names in South Africa |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/791272/from-a-1930s-dining-hall-to-one-of-the-biggest-household-names-in-south-africa/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=BusinessTech}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Florist_and_Fresh_Produce_Sections_of_the_Woolworths_Food_Emporium_in_Durbanville,_Cape_Town.jpg|thumb|Dikarolo tsa barekisi ba dithunya le dijo tsa dijalo tse di itekanetseng tsa Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Tlhopho ya leina e simolotse mo botsalanong jwa ga Sonnenberg le moromedi wa Lontone le mothusi wa matlole, Percy (P.R.) Lewis. Lewis e ne e le mokaedi wa Mabentlele a Diketane a kwa Australasia (ACS), e leng ntlo ya dikepe le ya madi kwa Lontone e e neng ya tlhongwa go direla kgwebo ya Australia e e neng e gola ka bonako e e neng ya tlhongwa ke W.T. Christmas. <ref name="SAResearcherNaming">{{Cite web |title=The Woolworths South Africa story |url=https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=South African Researcher}}</ref> Batho ba ba romelang dithoto kwa Lontone ba ne ba tlhola ba thusa ka madi le go tlhopha dithoto tse di sa bonweng, tse morago ga moo di neng di romelwa kwa bareking ba bone. Ka kompone ya Amerika (e jaanong e sa tlholeng e le teng) ya F.W. Woolworth Company e ne e sena kgatlhego ya go gweba kwa Australia, "Rre" Christmas – jaaka a ne a itsege – o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe e ntšhwa. Lewis o ne a akantsha Sonnenberg gore ACS e ka tlaleletsa pampiri ya ya ga "Rre" Christmas le go romela selekanyo se se fokoditsweng sa sengwe le sengwe se se latelanang go tswa kwa Australia go ya kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ "The Woolworths South Africa story]". ''South African Researcher''. Retrieved 10 January 2026.</ref> Go ya ka se, Sonnenberg o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe. Dingwaga di le pedi moragonyana, kgotlatshekelo ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya atlhola gore go ne go tlhomilwe bopelonomi jo bo lekaneng go kgaola taelo e e neng e tlisitswe ke morekisi wa lefatshe la America kgatlhanong le tiriso ya leina leo.<ref>Susman, David (2004). ''An African Shopkeeper''. Cape Town: Fernwood Press. p.&#x20;27. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-874950-78-3|978-1-874950-78-3]]</bdi>.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Pasta Section of the Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Karolo ya dijo ya Italy le ya Mexico ya Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Ka ngwaga wa 1998, Woolworths e ne ya nna le karolo ya taolo mo morekising wa diaparo wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_(retailer)|Country Road]] . Le fa go ntse jalo, kompone e ne ya palelwa ke go tsaya Country Road e [[:en:Private_limited_company|se ya setšhaba]] ka ntlha ya go gana ga ga [[:en:Solomon_Lew|Solomon Lew]] go rekisa seabe sa gagwe sa dikarolo di le lesome le motso le masome a marataro le bosupa mo go lekgolong mo kgwebong. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Simon |date=1999-11-26 |title=$80m debt load sinks Sportsgirl |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/80m-debt-load-sinks-sportsgirl-19991126-k92ri |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=[[Australian Financial Review]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Treadgold |first=Tim |date=1999-07-09 |title=Out of South Africa |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/out-of-south-africa-19990709-kb4yn |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Australian Financial Review |language=en}}</ref> Woolworths e ne ya nna mong ka botlalo wa Country Road ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa 2014 fa e ne e reka seabe sa ga Lew ka didolara di le dikete tse 200 tsa Amerika.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Verrender|date=2014-06-24|title=Woolworths' offer to buy Lew out of Country Road raises questions|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-24/woolworths-offer-to-buy-lew-out-of-country-road-raises-questions/5547308|accessdate=2024-02-17}}</ref> <ref>Greenblat, Eli (25 July 2014). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/solomon-lew-accepts-country-road-offer-ending-17-year-battle-20140725-zwyys.html "Solomon Lew accepts Country Road offer, ending 17 year battle".] [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, lebentlele la Woolworths e ne ya reka kgwebo ya mabentlele a magolo ya Australia e bong [[:en:David_Jones_(department_store)|David Jones]] ka diranta di le dikete di le pedi ntlha nngwe tsa Astralia. David Jones o ne a rekisediwa setlamo sa sephiri sa [[:en:Anchorage_Capital_Partners|Anchorage Capital Partners]] ka Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2023.<ref>Koehn, Emma (19 December 2022). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/storied-history-david-jones-gets-new-owners-just-in-time-for-christmas-20221219-p5c7df.html "'Storied history': David Jones gets new owners just in time for Christmas"]. [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la Dijo la Woolworths kwa [[Durbanville]], [[Kapa Bophirima|Western Cape]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2025 , Woolworths e ne ya simolola tirisanommogo ya yone ya Woolies After Dark le [[:en:Uber_Eats|Uber Eats]]. Go bonala kwa maemelong a dijo a tlhopilweng a Woolworths mo mafelong a leokwane a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]], tirelo e e ile ya dira gore go isiwe dithoto ko malapeng go fitlhela bosigogare, go feta dioura dipe tse di tlwaelesegileng tsa lebentlele la morekisi ope.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/article/woolies-after-dark-is-now-available-through-uber-eats-258567a "Woolies After Dark is now available through Uber Eats"]. Bizcommunity.com. 11 March 2025. Retrieved 29 October 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Entrance to Woolworths Food Store and Cafe in Claremont, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths le WCafe e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo lefelong la mabentlele la Palmyra Junction, kwa [[Claremont, Cape Town|Claremont]], [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi 2025, Woolies e ne ya bula sebopego se sešwa sa lebentlele – Lebenkele la Dijo la Woolworths – le le nang le lefelo la ntlha kwa [[:en:Durbanville|Durbanville]], kwa [[:en:Western_Cape|Western Cape]]. Lebentlele le e ne ya nna lone le le sa tswang go dirwa [[:en:Flagship|le legolo le le emelang komponi]] . Lebentlele le ga le le legolo fela go feta lebentlele le le tlwaelesegileng la dijo tsa Woolworths mme gape le agilwe ka mokgwa o o neelang bareki maitemogelo a a kgetegileng fa ba reka. Thulaganyo e sa tswang go dirwa e akaretsa mafelo a a kgethegileng a a akaretsang lefelo la [[:en:Florist|morekisi wa dithunya]], lefelo la tirelo le le nang le go apaya ka tlhamalalo fa pele ga bareki, morekisi wa ditlhapi, karolo ya dimonamone, mafelo a dijo a Italy le Mexico, le karolo ya mofine ya WCellar.<ref>capeetc (7 July 2025). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/woolworths-opens-first-of-its-kind-food-emporium-in-cape-town/ "Woolworths opens first-of-its-kind Food Emporium in Cape Town"]. Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 11 September 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2026, Woolworths e ne ya itsise gore e ne e leka go itlhatlhoba kwa lebentleleng la yone kwa [[:en:Foreshore,_Cape_Town|Foreshore]], kwa [[:en:Cape_Town|Capetown]]. Morekisi o ne a ikaeletse go bona gore a lefelo la go duela ka bonako e le nngwe fela e ka thusa go fokotsa mela ya nako ya dijo tsa motshegare. Mmueledi wa Woolworths o buile gore teko ya teng ga ena go go ntsha maemo a [[:en:Cashier|baduedisi]] le gore babereki bape ba ab amegang ba tla fiwa katiso e nngwe gape abo ba abelwa maemo a mangwe gape mo lebentleleng.<ref>Angelica Rhoda (21 February 2026). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/shopping/woolworths-pilots-self-service-checkout-cape-town/ "Woolworths pilots self-service checkout in Cape Town".] Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Kgato e e ne ya latela teko ya dikolotsana tse di botlhale tsa go reka ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2025 ke morekisi yo o gaisanang wa [[:en:Checkers_(supermarket_chain)|Checkers]].<ref>Terri-Ann Brouwers (21 August 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/checkers-trials-sas-first-smart-trolley-with-built-in-checkout/ "Checkers trials SA's first smart trolley with built-in checkout".] Moneyweb. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2026, go ne ga itsisiwe fa Roy Bagattini a tla rola tiro jaaka mokhuduthamaga wa Woolworths kwa mafelong a Lwetse 2026, morago ga dingwaga di feta thataro mo maemong ao. O tla latelelwa ke mokhuduthamaga wa jaanong wa lephata la Dijo la Woolworths, Sam Ngumeni. <ref>Nick Wilson (12 March 2026). [https://www.news24.com/business/companies/woolworths-has-a-new-ceo-as-bagattini-retires-20260312-0505 "Woolworths has a new CEO as Bagattini retires"]. news24. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref>Gape ka Mopitlo, Woolworths e ne ya gapa In2Food, e e leng moabi wa nako e telele wa dijo tsa yone tsa maemo a a kwa godimo.<ref>Dludla, Nqobile (17 March 2026). [https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africas-woolworths-acquires-longtime-supplier-in2food-2026-03-17/ "South Africa's Woolworths buys longtime supplier in2food"]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved 19 March 2026.</ref> * Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2026, go begilwe gore Woolworths e dirisana mmogo le setlhopha sa [[:en:Takealot_Group|Takealot]] mo ditirelong tsa bobolokelo le kabo, tsa Woolworths Online. Setlhopha se gape se ne se dirisa setlamo sa Takealot sa go isa dilwana Rre D, go isa dilwana go tswa kwa [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] e e leng ya Woolworths.<ref>Luke Fraser (30 June 2026). [https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/864995/takealot-delivering-woolworths-products-in-south-africa/ "Takealot Group delivering Woolworths products in South Africa"]. BusinessTech. Retrieved 3 July 2026.</ref> == Ditiro == [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Store Entrance in 3Arts Village, Plumstead, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths le WCafe e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo lefelong la mabentlele la Palmyra Junction, kwa [[Claremont, Cape Town|Claremont]], [[Cape Town]]]] Woolies e na le mefuta ya mabentlele a farologaneng, go akaretsa: <ref name=":0">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/overview/whl/ "The WHL Group".] Woolworths. Retrieved 11 September 2025.</ref> * Woolworths ([[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo]] a a nang le dijo, diaparo le didirisiwa tsa mo gae) * Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths (mabenkele a magolo a [[:en:Grocery|dijo tsa ko lapeng]]) * Dijo tsa Woolworths (mabenkele a magareng a korosari) * Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths (mabenkele a mannye a korosari) * WCafé ([[:en:Coffeehouse|matlo a kofi]]) * [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Diruiwa tsa mo gae tse di feletseng]] ([[:en:Pet_store|mabenkele a diruiwa tsa mo gae)]] Kompone eo gape e tsamaisa Ditirelo tsa madi tsa Woolworths, mmogo le [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Setlhopha sa Ditsela tsa Naga .]]<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food, Main St. JHB.jpg|thumb|Dijo tsa Woolworths, Mmila o Mogolo wa JHB]] == Letshwaokgebo == Kompone e e rekisa dilwana le mekgabisa le ka fa tlase ga matshwaokgwebo a mmalwa, e akaretsang Studio W, RE:, le Kgatiso, e ntse gape e emetse matshwaokgwebo a sehlopha sa Australia, go akaretsa le Country Road, [[:en:Witchery_(company)|Witchery]], le Trenery.<ref name=":0" /> == Tsa koporase le ngwao == [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Distribution Center in Milnerton, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Lefelo la phatlalatso la Woolworths kwa Milnerton, Cape Town]] === Mosepele o molemo wa kgwebo === Go tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 2007, kgwebo ya Good Business Journey e ne ipeela seelo se se hapegileng sa go itsetsepela ga setšhaba sa kompone.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/356/145471.html "Woolworths sets Good Business Journey goals for 2020"]. ''www.bizcommunity.com''. Retrieved 31 July 2020.</ref> Gape e ikaelela go netefatsa mokgwa o o tlhomameng wa go bua ka dintlha tsa go itsetsepela go ralala thulaganyo ya yone ya tlamelo ya lefatshe lotlhe, jaaka nngwe ya keletso e e boletsweng ya Woolworths ya go nna morekisi yo o itsetsepetseng go gaisa botlhe mo karolong ya borwa jwa lefatshe.<ref>[https://www.marketscreener.com/WOOLWORTHS-HOLDINGS-LIMIT-1413424/pdf/666225/Woolworths%20Holdings%20Limite_Annual-Report.pdf "Woolworths Holdings Limited Annual Report"] (PDF). ''marketscreener.com''. Retrieved 31 January 2020.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2016, kompone e ne ya tlhagisa mekgele ya yone ya GBJ 2020, e e neng e akaretsa go kopanya thulaganyo e mo dikgwebong tsa setlhopha tsa Australia – tse jaanong di dirang selekanyo karolo ya lekgolo e feta masome a mane tsa thekiso.<ref name=":1">[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/356/145471.html "Woolworths sets Good Business Journey goals for 2020"]. Bizcommunity.com.</ref><ref>[https://www.fin24.com/Company/Woolworths-Holdings-Ltd "Company Snapshot"]. Fin24.</ref> Maitlamo a Setlhopha sa WHL a GBJ 2020 a akaretsa go tsenya letsogo go feta [[:en:South_African_rand|R]]3.5 bilione mo baaging go ralala setlhopha mo dingwageng di le tlhano tse di latelang; go boloka dilitara tse dikete di le makgolo a le matlhano tsa metsi mo pakeng e e tshwanang; go fokotsa tlhotlheletso ya maatla a kompone ka sephatlo ka 2020 le go fitlhelela lekgolo mo lekgolong tsa maatla a a phepa ka ngwaga wa 2030; go tsweledisa go batla dithoto tsotlhe tsa botlhokwa ka maikarabelo ka 2020; le go netefatsa gore [[:en:Private_label|setlhagisiwa sengwe le sengwe sa letswhao la kompone]] se se rekisiwang se akaretsa bogolo nonofo e nngwe ya go itsetsepela ka ngwaga wa 2020. <ref name=":1" /> === Maikaelelo a tlhabololo e e tswelelang === ==== Matlakala a a sa puthelwang a yang kwa lefelong la matlakala ==== Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2018, Woolworths e itsisitse maikaelelo a yone a go atlega mo go sa nneng le [[:en:Packaging_waste|matlakala a diphuthelwana]] a a tla latlhelwang mo lefelong la matlakala ka ngwaga wa 2022, ka maikaelelo a go netefatsa gore ga go na sepe sa diphuthelwana tsa yone se se felelang se le ko lefelong la matlakala. Maikaelelo a a tlhoka tiriso ya didirisiwa tse di ka dirisiwang gape ka botlalo go phuthela, e e tshegediwang ke mafaratlhatlha a a atlegang a go dirisa gape dilo.<ref>[https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/249571/woolworths-is-ditching-its-wasteful-plastic-packaging-heres-what-is-changing/ "Woolworths is ditching its wasteful plastic packaging – here's what is changing".] BusinessTech.co.za.</ref> <ref>[https://www.capetownetc.com/news/woolworths-commits-to-no-plastic-by-2022/ "Woolworths commits to being 100% recyclable by 2022 | CapeTown ETC".] ''www.capetownetc.com''. Retrieved 11 December 2019.</ref>Woolworths gape e itlamile go fedisa dikgetsi tsa sekhakha tse di dirisiwang gangwe fela gotlhelele ka 2020.<ref>Writer. [https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/249571/woolworths-is-ditching-its-wasteful-plastic-packaging-heres-what-is-changing/ "Woolworths is ditching its wasteful plastic packaging – here's what is changing"]. Retrieved 31 July 2020.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2018, lebentlele la Palmyra Junction kwa Claremont le ne la simolola metšhini e e rekisang dilo tse di dirisiwang gape mo lebentleleng.<ref>[http://www.fastmoving.co.za/news/retailer-news-16/woolworths-pilots-sa-s-first-in-store-recycling-vending-machine-12146 "Woolworths pilots SA's first in-store recycling vending machine".] ''Fastmoving.co.za''. Retrieved 11 December 2019.</ref> ==== Dikgetsi tse di ka dirisiwang gape ==== Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2018, Woolworths e ne ya simolola teko ya dikgetsi tse di ka dirisiwang gape mo lebentleleng jaaka karolo ya maiteko a yone a go fedisa dikgetsi tsa sekhakha .<ref>[https://www.businessinsider.co.za/woolworths-introduces-reusable-plastic-bags-at-its-stores-bans-singel-use-plastic-bags-at-steenberg-store-2018-10 "These Woolworths stores are switching to reusable plastic bags – and plastic bags have been entirely banned at one outlet"]. Business Insider.</ref> Go simolola ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele a tlhola matlatsi ale matlhano ka ngwaga wa 2018, dikgetsi tse tse diša tsa go reka tse di ka dirisiwang gape tsa maemo a go tsena di ne tsa dirwa gore di nne teng mo mabentleleng a le mane go ralala Western Cape – [[:en:Victoria_&_Alfred_Waterfront|V&A Waterfront]], [[:en:Claremont,_Cape_Town|Palmyra Junction,]] [[:en:Pinelands,_Cape_Town|Pinelands]], le [[:en:Steenberg,_Cape_Town|Steenberg]] – mme fa e sa le ka nako eo di ile tsa anamisiwa kwa mabentleleng a mangwe.<ref>[["Next phase in plastic bag free trial announced". The Green Times. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.|"Next phase in plastic bag free trial announced".]] ''The Green Times''. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.</ref> Ka nako ya tekeletso, Woolworths Steenberg e ne ya dira gotlhelele go sena dikgetsi tsa sekhakha, e fa bareki tlhopho ya go reka kgetsi e e ka dirisiwang gape kgotsa go dirisa ya bone. Dikgetsi tsa sekhakha tse di dirisiwang gangwe fela di ne tsa nna di le teng mo mabentleleng a mangwe a mararo. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ngwaga wa 2019, mabentlele a mangwe – go akaretsa le a a kwa [[:en:Johannesburg|Maroun Square]], [[:en:Pretoria|Motse wa Moreleta]], le [[:en:Durban,_South_Africa|lefelo la Delcairn]] – a ne a tlhomiwa go nna a a senang dikgetsi tsa sekhakha.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/457/190076.html "Woolworths to open more 'plastic bag free' stores".] ''www.bizcommunity.com''. Retrieved 11 December 2019.</ref> ==== Tirisanommogo le Pharell Williams ==== Ka ngwaga wa 2015, Woolworths e ne ya tsena mo tirisanommogong le seopedi sa lefatshe la Amerika [[:en:Pharrell_Williams|Pharrell Williams]],<ref>Arts Desk (10 April 2015). [https://mg.co.za/article/2015-04-10-pharrell-williams-collaborating-with-woolworths "Pharrell Williams collaborating with Woolworths"]. ''mg.co.za''. Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 9 April 2020.</ref><ref>[https://citizen.co.za/lifestyle/your-life-entertainment-your-life/entertainment-celebrities/359514/pharrell-williams-partners-with-woolworths/ "Pharrell Williams partners with Woolworths"]. ''citizen.co.za''. 9 April 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2019.</ref> e leng tirisanommogo ya ntlha ya togamaano ya mofuta o mo morekising wa Aforika Borwa. Williams o ne a tsaya tiro ya go nna mokaedi wa mokgwa mo motseletseleng wa mananeo a rulagantsweng go itsetsepela. Letsholo le le ne le na le dikarolo di le nne tsa botlhokwa: boitlosobodutu, go bontsha bothakga jwa basha, go kokoanya madi a thuto, le go rotloetsa [[:en:Sustainable_fashion|mokgwa wa go apara e e tswelelang pele.]] f6uq0f5x5hhx7l2m1znbmm8isfy0bqf 52309 52306 2026-07-10T11:49:49Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25bw 52309 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Woolworths''' ( semmuso '''Woolworths Holdings Limited''', mme ka puo ya tlwaelo e itsege jaaka '''Woolies''' ) ke kompone ya thekiso ya Aforikaborwa e e dirang mo dinageng di le dintsi , e e naleng ntlokgolo ya yone kwa [[Cape Town]] . E tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bongwe (1931), kompone e ke ya [[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo a dikarolo tse di farologaneng]] a manobonobo a Aforikaborwa le [[:en:Grocery_store|ketane ya dilwana tsa mo gae ya]] Woolworths, morekisi wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Country Road]], le ketane ya [[:en:Pet_store|mabentlele a magolo go gaisa otlhe a diruiwa tsa]] mo gae mo Aforikaborwa, e e leng [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]].<ref>Moneyweb (30 September 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/in-battle-for-pets-shoprite-is-catching-woolies-fast/ "In battle for pets, Shoprite is catching Woolies fast". Moneyweb.] Retrieved 5 October 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhana (2025), setlhopha seno se thapa batho ba ka nna dikete di le masome a mararo le bobedi. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2024 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/whlfy24.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Karolo ya Aforika Borwa ya Woolworths e akaretsa kgwebo ya [[:en:Luxury_goods|dithoto tsa manobonobo]], go akaretsa le mokgwa wa diaparo, dithoto tsa mo gae, le didirisiwa tsa bontle. Mabenkele a a ikemetseng a dijo le "mafelo a go emela go reka dijo" tse di gokeletsweng mo mafelong a thekiso ya lookwane tsa [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] di mo mafelong a toropokgolo go ralala Aforika Borwa. Karolo e kgolo ya setlhopha, Woolworths Financial Services (WFS), e fa bareki dikarata tsa mabentlele, dikarata tsa sekoloto, dikadimo tse di dikologang le tshoreletso ya diruiwa tsa mo gae. Mo ngwageng wa yona wa matlole wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), WFS e ne e na le karolo ya bone ya lotseno lwa Woolworths. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), Woolworths e na le palogotlhe ya mafelo a le sekete le makgolo a matlhano le masome a le borobabone le bongwe . Kompone e tsamaisa mabentlele a dijo a le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro le borataro le mabentlele a magolo a le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano mo Aforika Borwa, mmogo le palogotlhe ya mabentlele a le masome a borobabongwe le bosupa mo mabentleleng a yone a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]] le mabentlele a le masome a brobabongwe le boraro go ralala Aforika yotlhe. <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}</ref> Kompone gape e tsamaisa mabentlele a [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] a le lekgolo le masome a borobabobedi le mabentlele a Country Road a makgolo a thataro le masome a mararo (nasome a borobabobedi le borobabobedi a mo Aforika Borwa, mme a setseng a le ko Australasia). Ka kakaretso, go tloga ka ngwaga wa yone wa madi wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), Woolworths e na le lefelo la kgwebisano le le akaretsang selekanyo sa boleele jwa dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete di le makgolo a le borobabobedi le masome a mararo le bobedi (dimetara tsa khutlonne di le dikete dile sekete di le borobarobedi le makgolo a borobabongwe le masome a marataro). <ref name="Annual Financial Statements, 2025">{{Cite web |last= |date=September 2025 |title=Annual Financial Statements, 2025 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/whlfy25.pdf "Annual Financial Statements, 2025"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings. September 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Karolo ya masome a le borobabobedi le borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya mabentlele a Woolworths a mo Aforika, mme karolo ya lesome le bongwe le bongwe mo lekgolong e e setseng e kwa Australia. <ref name="Integrated Annual Report, 2024">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Integrated Annual Report, 2024 |url=https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Woolworths Holdings}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Integrated_Annual_Report_2024.pdf "Integrated Annual Report, 2024"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Woolworths Holdings<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Woolworths gape e na le WCafe, e leng ketane ya mabentlele a kofi a ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi a di farologaneng ka bogolo  – go tswa mo mafelong a bojelo a a nang le tirelo e e tletseng, a go nniwang fa fatshe, go ya kwa dibareng tsa kofi tse di nang le lefelo la go duela tsa tsone tse di kopantsweng mo mabentleleng a Woolworths, go ya kwa mafelong a mannye [[:en:Barista|a modiri wa kofi]] kwa ntle ga mabentlele a a rileng a dijo. Mabentlele a a kofi gape a thusa go tsamaisa ditaelo tsa dijo tsa borotho. WCafe ke letshwao le le itsegeng thata mo teng ga lefelo la kgwebo la matlo a kofi a Aforika Borwa mme le gareng ga tse di nang le palo e e kwa godimo ya mabentlele. <ref name="WCafe">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=WCafe |url=https://www.woolworths.co.za/cat/_/N-pjgm5f |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Woolworths}}</ref> <ref name="New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town">{{Cite web |last=Leigh Champanis-King |date=20 August 2024 |title=New WCafe Opens At Palmyra Junction, Cape Town |url=https://www.eatout.co.za/article/new-wcafe-opens-palmyra-junction-cape-town/ |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=Eat Out}}</ref> == Ditaragalo tsa bogologolo == [[File:Woolworths_first_store_in_The_Royal_Hotel,_Plein_Street.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la ntlha la Woolworths, mo lefelong la bojelo le le maphatsiphatsi la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya The Royal, kwa motseng wa Cape Town]] E tlhomilwe ke [[:en:Max_Sonnenberg|Max Sonnenberg]], Woolworths e ne ya bula dikgoro tsa yone la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1931 mo Mmileng wa Plein, [[Cape Town|motse wa Cape Town]], mo lefelong la bojelo la lefelo la boroko jwa baeng ya Royal e e sa tswang go tswalwa. Katlego ya yone ya ntlha e ne ya dira gore go bulwe mabentlele a mangwe a mabedi mo kgaolong ya Cape. <ref name="News24History">{{Cite news|title=6 great South African businesses older than the rand|url=https://www.news24.com/brandstory/partner-content/6-great-south-african-businesses-older-than-the-rand-20210217|date=17 February 2021|access-date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Go ise go ye kae go ne ga bonala sentle gore kgwebo e ntšha eno e na le bokgoni jwa go atologa mo nageng yotlhe, le fa kwa tshimologong go tlhoka madi go ne go kgoreletsa tsholofelo eno. Tsala ya ga Sonnenberg, Elie Susman, o ne a tlamela ka matlole a a tlhokegang go atolosa go tsena mo [[:en:Transvaal_(province)|kgaolo ya Transvaal]] mme morago ga moo a nna molekane wa gagwe wa kgwebo. <ref name="BusinessTechSusman">{{Cite web |title=From a 1930s dining hall to one of the biggest household names in South Africa |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/791272/from-a-1930s-dining-hall-to-one-of-the-biggest-household-names-in-south-africa/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=BusinessTech}}</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Florist_and_Fresh_Produce_Sections_of_the_Woolworths_Food_Emporium_in_Durbanville,_Cape_Town.jpg|thumb|Dikarolo tsa barekisi ba dithunya le dijo tsa dijalo tse di itekanetseng tsa Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Tlhopho ya leina e simolotse mo botsalanong jwa ga Sonnenberg le moromedi wa Lontone le mothusi wa matlole, Percy (P.R.) Lewis. Lewis e ne e le mokaedi wa Mabentlele a Diketane a kwa Australasia (ACS), e leng ntlo ya dikepe le ya madi kwa Lontone e e neng ya tlhongwa go direla kgwebo ya Australia e e neng e gola ka bonako e e neng ya tlhongwa ke W.T. Christmas. <ref name="SAResearcherNaming">{{Cite web |title=The Woolworths South Africa story |url=https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ |access-date=10 January 2026 |website=South African Researcher}}</ref> Batho ba ba romelang dithoto kwa Lontone ba ne ba tlhola ba thusa ka madi le go tlhopha dithoto tse di sa bonweng, tse morago ga moo di neng di romelwa kwa bareking ba bone. Ka kompone ya Amerika (e jaanong e sa tlholeng e le teng) ya F.W. Woolworth Company e ne e sena kgatlhego ya go gweba kwa Australia, "Rre" Christmas – jaaka a ne a itsege – o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe e ntšhwa. Lewis o ne a akantsha Sonnenberg gore ACS e ka tlaleletsa pampiri ya ya ga "Rre" Christmas le go romela selekanyo se se fokoditsweng sa sengwe le sengwe se se latelanang go tswa kwa Australia go ya kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://southafricanresearcher.com/the-woolworths-south-africa-story/ "The Woolworths South Africa story]". ''South African Researcher''. Retrieved 10 January 2026.</ref> Go ya ka se, Sonnenberg o ne a amogela leina la kgwebo ya gagwe. Dingwaga di le pedi moragonyana, kgotlatshekelo ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya atlhola gore go ne go tlhomilwe bopelonomi jo bo lekaneng go kgaola taelo e e neng e tlisitswe ke morekisi wa lefatshe la America kgatlhanong le tiriso ya leina leo.<ref>Susman, David (2004). ''An African Shopkeeper''. Cape Town: Fernwood Press. p.&#x20;27. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-874950-78-3|978-1-874950-78-3]]</bdi>.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Pasta Section of the Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Karolo ya dijo ya Italy le ya Mexico ya Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths la Durbanville]] Ka ngwaga wa 1998, Woolworths e ne ya nna le karolo ya taolo mo morekising wa diaparo wa Australia wa [[:en:Country_Road_(retailer)|Country Road]] . Le fa go ntse jalo, kompone e ne ya palelwa ke go tsaya Country Road e [[:en:Private_limited_company|se ya setšhaba]] ka ntlha ya go gana ga ga [[:en:Solomon_Lew|Solomon Lew]] go rekisa seabe sa gagwe sa dikarolo di le lesome le motso le masome a marataro le bosupa mo go lekgolong mo kgwebong. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Simon |date=1999-11-26 |title=$80m debt load sinks Sportsgirl |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/80m-debt-load-sinks-sportsgirl-19991126-k92ri |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=[[Australian Financial Review]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Treadgold |first=Tim |date=1999-07-09 |title=Out of South Africa |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/out-of-south-africa-19990709-kb4yn |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Australian Financial Review |language=en}}</ref> Woolworths e ne ya nna mong ka botlalo wa Country Road ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa 2014 fa e ne e reka seabe sa ga Lew ka didolara di le didikadike tse makgolo a mabedi tsa Amerika.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Verrender|date=2014-06-24|title=Woolworths' offer to buy Lew out of Country Road raises questions|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-24/woolworths-offer-to-buy-lew-out-of-country-road-raises-questions/5547308|accessdate=2024-02-17}}</ref> <ref>Greenblat, Eli (25 July 2014). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/solomon-lew-accepts-country-road-offer-ending-17-year-battle-20140725-zwyys.html "Solomon Lew accepts Country Road offer, ending 17 year battle".] [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2014, lebentlele la Woolworths e ne ya reka kgwebo ya mabentlele a magolo ya Australia e bong [[:en:David_Jones_(department_store)|David Jones]] ka diranta di le didikadike tse pedi ntlha nngwe tsa Astralia. David Jones o ne a rekisediwa setlamo sa sephiri sa [[:en:Anchorage_Capital_Partners|Anchorage Capital Partners]] ka Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2023.<ref>Koehn, Emma (19 December 2022). [https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/storied-history-david-jones-gets-new-owners-just-in-time-for-christmas-20221219-p5c7df.html "'Storied history': David Jones gets new owners just in time for Christmas"]. [[:en:Sydney_Morning_Herald|''Sydney Morning Herald''.]] Retrieved 17 February 2024.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Emporium in Durbanville, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Lebentlele la Dijo la Woolworths kwa [[Durbanville]], [[Kapa Bophirima|Western Cape]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2025 , Woolworths e ne ya simolola tirisanommogo ya yone ya Woolies After Dark le [[:en:Uber_Eats|Uber Eats]]. Go bonala kwa maemelong a dijo a tlhopilweng a Woolworths mo mafelong a leokwane a [[:en:Engen_Petroleum|Engen]], tirelo e e ile ya dira gore go isiwe dithoto ko malapeng go fitlhela bosigogare, go feta dioura dipe tse di tlwaelesegileng tsa lebentlele la morekisi ope.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/article/woolies-after-dark-is-now-available-through-uber-eats-258567a "Woolies After Dark is now available through Uber Eats"]. Bizcommunity.com. 11 March 2025. Retrieved 29 October 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Entrance to Woolworths Food Store and Cafe in Claremont, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths le WCafe e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo lefelong la mabentlele la Palmyra Junction, kwa [[Claremont, Cape Town|Claremont]], [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]]]] Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi 2025, Woolies e ne ya bula sebopego se sešwa sa lebentlele – Lebenkele la Dijo la Woolworths – le le nang le lefelo la ntlha kwa [[:en:Durbanville|Durbanville]], kwa [[:en:Western_Cape|Western Cape]]. Lebentlele le e ne ya nna lone le le sa tswang go dirwa [[:en:Flagship|le legolo le le emelang komponi]] . Lebentlele le ga le le legolo fela go feta lebentlele le le tlwaelesegileng la dijo tsa Woolworths mme gape le agilwe ka mokgwa o o neelang bareki maitemogelo a a kgetegileng fa ba reka. Thulaganyo e sa tswang go dirwa e akaretsa mafelo a a kgethegileng a a akaretsang lefelo la [[:en:Florist|morekisi wa dithunya]], lefelo la tirelo le le nang le go apaya ka tlhamalalo fa pele ga bareki, morekisi wa ditlhapi, karolo ya dimonamone, mafelo a dijo a Italy le Mexico, le karolo ya mofine ya WCellar.<ref>capeetc (7 July 2025). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/woolworths-opens-first-of-its-kind-food-emporium-in-cape-town/ "Woolworths opens first-of-its-kind Food Emporium in Cape Town"]. Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 11 September 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2026, Woolworths e ne ya itsise gore e ne e leka go itlhatlhoba kwa lebentleleng la yone kwa [[:en:Foreshore,_Cape_Town|Foreshore]], kwa [[:en:Cape_Town|Capetown]]. Morekisi o ne a ikaeletse go bona gore a lefelo la go duela ka bonako e le nngwe fela e ka thusa go fokotsa mela ya nako ya dijo tsa motshegare. Mmueledi wa Woolworths o buile gore teko ya teng ga ena go go ntsha maemo a [[:en:Cashier|baduedisi]] le gore babereki bape ba ab amegang ba tla fiwa katiso e nngwe gape abo ba abelwa maemo a mangwe gape mo lebentleleng.<ref>Angelica Rhoda (21 February 2026). [https://www.capetownetc.com/things-to-do-cape-town/shopping/woolworths-pilots-self-service-checkout-cape-town/ "Woolworths pilots self-service checkout in Cape Town".] Cape Town ETC. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Kgato e e ne ya latela teko ya dikolotsana tse di botlhale tsa go reka ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2025 ke morekisi yo o gaisanang wa [[:en:Checkers_(supermarket_chain)|Checkers]].<ref>Terri-Ann Brouwers (21 August 2025). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/companies-and-deals/checkers-trials-sas-first-smart-trolley-with-built-in-checkout/ "Checkers trials SA's first smart trolley with built-in checkout".] Moneyweb. Retrieved 22 February 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2026, go ne ga itsisiwe fa Roy Bagattini a tla rola tiro jaaka mokhuduthamaga wa Woolworths kwa mafelong a Lwetse 2026, morago ga dingwaga di feta thataro mo maemong ao. O tla latelelwa ke mokhuduthamaga wa jaanong wa lephata la Dijo la Woolworths, Sam Ngumeni. <ref>Nick Wilson (12 March 2026). [https://www.news24.com/business/companies/woolworths-has-a-new-ceo-as-bagattini-retires-20260312-0505 "Woolworths has a new CEO as Bagattini retires"]. news24. Retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref>Gape ka Mopitlo, Woolworths e ne ya gapa In2Food, e e leng moabi wa nako e telele wa dijo tsa yone tsa maemo a a kwa godimo.<ref>Dludla, Nqobile (17 March 2026). [https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africas-woolworths-acquires-longtime-supplier-in2food-2026-03-17/ "South Africa's Woolworths buys longtime supplier in2food"]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved 19 March 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2026, go begilwe gore Woolworths e dirisana mmogo le setlhopha sa [[:en:Takealot_Group|Takealot]] mo ditirelong tsa bobolokelo le kabo, tsa Woolworths Online. Setlhopha se gape se ne se dirisa setlamo sa Takealot sa go isa dilwana Rre D, go isa dilwana go tswa kwa [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Absolute Pets]] e e leng ya Woolworths.<ref>Luke Fraser (30 June 2026). [https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/864995/takealot-delivering-woolworths-products-in-south-africa/ "Takealot Group delivering Woolworths products in South Africa"]. BusinessTech. Retrieved 3 July 2026.</ref> == Ditiro == [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food Store Entrance in 3Arts Village, Plumstead, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Botseno jwa Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths le WCafe e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo lefelong la mabentlele la Palmyra Junction, kwa [[Claremont, Cape Town|Claremont]], [[Cape Town]]]] Woolies e na le mefuta ya mabentlele a farologaneng, go akaretsa: <ref name=":0">[https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/overview/whl/ "The WHL Group".] Woolworths. Retrieved 11 September 2025.</ref> * Woolworths ([[:en:Department_store|mabentlele a magolo]] a a nang le dijo, diaparo le didirisiwa tsa mo gae) * Lefelo la Dijo la Woolworths (mabenkele a magolo a [[:en:Grocery|dijo tsa ko lapeng]]) * Dijo tsa Woolworths (mabenkele a magareng a korosari) * Mmaraka wa Dijo wa Woolworths (mabenkele a mannye a korosari) * WCafé ([[:en:Coffeehouse|matlo a kofi]]) * [[:en:Absolute_Pets|Diruiwa tsa mo gae tse di feletseng]] ([[:en:Pet_store|mabenkele a diruiwa tsa mo gae)]] Kompone eo gape e tsamaisa Ditirelo tsa madi tsa Woolworths, mmogo le [[:en:Country_Road_Group|Setlhopha sa Ditsela tsa Naga .]]<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Food, Main St. JHB.jpg|thumb|Dijo tsa Woolworths, Mmila o Mogolo wa JHB]] == Letshwaokgebo == Kompone e e rekisa dilwana le mekgabisa le ka fa tlase ga matshwaokgwebo a mmalwa, e akaretsang Studio W, RE:, le Kgatiso, e ntse gape e emetse matshwaokgwebo a sehlopha sa Australia, go akaretsa le Country Road, [[:en:Witchery_(company)|Witchery]], le Trenery.<ref name=":0" /> == Tsa koporase le ngwao == [[Setshwantsho:Woolworths Distribution Center in Milnerton, Cape Town.jpg|thumb|Lefelo la phatlalatso la Woolworths kwa Milnerton, Cape Town]] === Mosepele o molemo wa kgwebo === Go tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 2007, kgwebo ya Good Business Journey e ne ipeela seelo se se hapegileng sa go itsetsepela ga setšhaba sa kompone.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/356/145471.html "Woolworths sets Good Business Journey goals for 2020"]. ''www.bizcommunity.com''. Retrieved 31 July 2020.</ref> Gape e ikaelela go netefatsa mokgwa o o tlhomameng wa go bua ka dintlha tsa go itsetsepela go ralala thulaganyo ya yone ya tlamelo ya lefatshe lotlhe, jaaka nngwe ya keletso e e boletsweng ya Woolworths ya go nna morekisi yo o itsetsepetseng go gaisa botlhe mo karolong ya borwa jwa lefatshe.<ref>[https://www.marketscreener.com/WOOLWORTHS-HOLDINGS-LIMIT-1413424/pdf/666225/Woolworths%20Holdings%20Limite_Annual-Report.pdf "Woolworths Holdings Limited Annual Report"] (PDF). ''marketscreener.com''. Retrieved 31 January 2020.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2016, kompone e ne ya tlhagisa mekgele ya yone ya GBJ 2020, e e neng e akaretsa go kopanya thulaganyo e mo dikgwebong tsa setlhopha tsa Australia – tse jaanong di dirang selekanyo karolo ya lekgolo e feta masome a mane tsa thekiso.<ref name=":1">[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/356/145471.html "Woolworths sets Good Business Journey goals for 2020"]. Bizcommunity.com.</ref><ref>[https://www.fin24.com/Company/Woolworths-Holdings-Ltd "Company Snapshot"]. Fin24.</ref> Maitlamo a setlhopha sa WHL a GBJ 2020 a akaretsa go tsenya letsogo go feta didikadike tsa di [[:en:South_African_rand|ranta]] di le tharo le botlhano mo baaging go ralala setlhopha mo dingwageng di le tlhano tse di latelang; go boloka dilitara tse dikete di le makgolo a le matlhano tsa metsi mo pakeng e e tshwanang; go fokotsa tlhotlheletso ya maatla a kompone ka sephatlo ka 2020 le go fitlhelela lekgolo mo lekgolong tsa maatla a a phepa ka ngwaga wa 2030; go tsweledisa go batla dithoto tsotlhe tsa botlhokwa ka maikarabelo ka 2020; le go netefatsa gore [[:en:Private_label|setlhagisiwa sengwe le sengwe sa letswhao la kompone]] se se rekisiwang se akaretsa bogolo nonofo e nngwe ya go itsetsepela ka ngwaga wa 2020. <ref name=":1" /> === Maikaelelo a tlhabololo e e tswelelang === ==== Matlakala a a sa puthelwang a yang kwa lefelong la matlakala ==== Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2018, Woolworths e itsisitse maikaelelo a yone a go atlega mo go sa nneng le [[:en:Packaging_waste|matlakala a diphuthelwana]] a a tla latlhelwang mo lefelong la matlakala ka ngwaga wa 2022, ka maikaelelo a go netefatsa gore ga go na sepe sa diphuthelwana tsa yone se se felelang se le ko lefelong la matlakala. Maikaelelo a a tlhoka tiriso ya didirisiwa tse di ka dirisiwang gape ka botlalo go phuthela, e e tshegediwang ke mafaratlhatlha a a atlegang a go dirisa gape dilo.<ref>[https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/249571/woolworths-is-ditching-its-wasteful-plastic-packaging-heres-what-is-changing/ "Woolworths is ditching its wasteful plastic packaging – here's what is changing".] BusinessTech.co.za.</ref> <ref>[https://www.capetownetc.com/news/woolworths-commits-to-no-plastic-by-2022/ "Woolworths commits to being 100% recyclable by 2022 | CapeTown ETC".] ''www.capetownetc.com''. Retrieved 11 December 2019.</ref>Woolworths gape e itlamile go fedisa dikgetsi tsa sekhakha tse di dirisiwang gangwe fela gotlhelele ka 2020.<ref>Writer. [https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/249571/woolworths-is-ditching-its-wasteful-plastic-packaging-heres-what-is-changing/ "Woolworths is ditching its wasteful plastic packaging – here's what is changing"]. Retrieved 31 July 2020.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2018, lebentlele la Palmyra Junction kwa Claremont le ne la simolola metšhini e e rekisang dilo tse di dirisiwang gape mo lebentleleng.<ref>[http://www.fastmoving.co.za/news/retailer-news-16/woolworths-pilots-sa-s-first-in-store-recycling-vending-machine-12146 "Woolworths pilots SA's first in-store recycling vending machine".] ''Fastmoving.co.za''. Retrieved 11 December 2019.</ref> ==== Dikgetsi tse di ka dirisiwang gape ==== Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2018, Woolworths e ne ya simolola teko ya dikgetsi tse di ka dirisiwang gape mo lebentleleng jaaka karolo ya maiteko a yone a go fedisa dikgetsi tsa sekhakha .<ref>[https://www.businessinsider.co.za/woolworths-introduces-reusable-plastic-bags-at-its-stores-bans-singel-use-plastic-bags-at-steenberg-store-2018-10 "These Woolworths stores are switching to reusable plastic bags – and plastic bags have been entirely banned at one outlet"]. Business Insider.</ref> Go simolola ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele a tlhola matlatsi ale matlhano ka ngwaga wa 2018, dikgetsi tse tse diša tsa go reka tse di ka dirisiwang gape tsa maemo a go tsena di ne tsa dirwa gore di nne teng mo mabentleleng a le mane go ralala Western Cape – [[:en:Victoria_&_Alfred_Waterfront|V&A Waterfront]], [[:en:Claremont,_Cape_Town|Palmyra Junction,]] [[:en:Pinelands,_Cape_Town|Pinelands]], le [[:en:Steenberg,_Cape_Town|Steenberg]] – mme fa e sa le ka nako eo di ile tsa anamisiwa kwa mabentleleng a mangwe.<ref>[["Next phase in plastic bag free trial announced". The Green Times. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.|"Next phase in plastic bag free trial announced".]] ''The Green Times''. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.</ref> Ka nako ya tekeletso, Woolworths Steenberg e ne ya dira gotlhelele go sena dikgetsi tsa sekhakha, e fa bareki tlhopho ya go reka kgetsi e e ka dirisiwang gape kgotsa go dirisa ya bone. Dikgetsi tsa sekhakha tse di dirisiwang gangwe fela di ne tsa nna di le teng mo mabentleleng a mangwe a mararo. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ngwaga wa 2019, mabentlele a mangwe – go akaretsa le a a kwa [[:en:Johannesburg|Maroun Square]], [[:en:Pretoria|Motse wa Moreleta]], le [[:en:Durban,_South_Africa|lefelo la Delcairn]] – a ne a tlhomiwa go nna a a senang dikgetsi tsa sekhakha.<ref>[https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/457/190076.html "Woolworths to open more 'plastic bag free' stores".] ''www.bizcommunity.com''. Retrieved 11 December 2019.</ref> ==== Tirisanommogo le Pharell Williams ==== Ka ngwaga wa 2015, Woolworths e ne ya tsena mo tirisanommogong le seopedi sa lefatshe la Amerika [[:en:Pharrell_Williams|Pharrell Williams]],<ref>Arts Desk (10 April 2015). [https://mg.co.za/article/2015-04-10-pharrell-williams-collaborating-with-woolworths "Pharrell Williams collaborating with Woolworths"]. ''mg.co.za''. Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 9 April 2020.</ref><ref>[https://citizen.co.za/lifestyle/your-life-entertainment-your-life/entertainment-celebrities/359514/pharrell-williams-partners-with-woolworths/ "Pharrell Williams partners with Woolworths"]. ''citizen.co.za''. 9 April 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2019.</ref> e leng tirisanommogo ya ntlha ya togamaano ya mofuta o mo morekising wa Aforika Borwa. Williams o ne a tsaya tiro ya go nna mokaedi wa mokgwa mo motseletseleng wa mananeo a rulagantsweng go itsetsepela. Letsholo le le ne le na le dikarolo di le nne tsa botlhokwa: boitlosobodutu, go bontsha bothakga jwa basha, go kokoanya madi a thuto, le go rotloetsa [[:en:Sustainable_fashion|mokgwa wa go apara e e tswelelang pele.]] === Lenaneo la Beng jwa Diabe tsa Badiri la Thotloetse ya Itsholelo ya Batho Bantsho === Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 2015, Woolworths e ne ya itsise go butswa ga lenaneo la Beng jwa Diabe tsa Badiri la [[:en:Black_Economic_Empowerment|Thotloetse ya Itsholelo ya Batho Bantsho]] (BEEESOS).<ref>[https://www.fin24.com/Companies/Retail/Woolworths-R24bn-BEE-scheme-matures-20150716 "R2.4bn BEE pot matures for Woolworths staff"]. Fin24.</ref> E itsisitswe semmuso ka ngwaga wa 2007 jaaka karolo ya leeto le le molemo la kgwebo la kompone, lenaneo le le bopa karolo ya boineelo jwa Woolworths mo phetogong ya loago le itsholelo. Morekisi e ne e le wa ntlha go tlhagisa letsholo la nonofatso le mo go lone diabe tsa BEEESOS di neng tsa abelwa badiri ba ba neng ba sa tlhole ba na le ditshono mo nakong e e fetileng go ikaegilwe ka boleele jwa tirelo le bogolo. Ka nako eo,lenaneo le ne le dira mo e ka nnang karolo ya lesome mo lekgolong ya letlotlo le le tlwaelegileng la diabe la Woolworths. Tiro e e nonofileng ya Woolworths mo dingwageng tse borobabobedi tse di fetileng e dirile gore batsayakarolo ba lenaneo ba bone didikadike di le pedi le makgolo a mane a diranta, ba le bona ba amogetseng dipoelo tsa diabe tse di fitlhang ko didikadieng tsa di ranta dile makgolo a mararo le masome a mararo le bobedi mo nakong ya botshelo jwa lenaneo. 0g4k2w9f1yw68vwub8wyj0batsviaql Bokeresete mo Botswana 0 14303 52259 52080 2026-07-10T00:49:35Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52259 wikitext text/x-wiki Go feta palo ya makgolo a supa ya baagi ba [[Botswana]] ke Bakeresete . Bontsi ke maloko a Kereke ya Katoliki, Kereke ya Seventh-day Adventist, Anglican, Kereke ya Phuthego e e Kopaneng ya Aforikaborwa, Kereke ya Methodist ya Aforikaborwa, le dikereke tse di ikemetseng tsa Aforika . Anglican ke karolo ya Kereke ya kgaolwana ya Aforika Bogare . Kereke ya Katoliki e akaretsa mo e ka nnang botlhano mo lekgolong ya baagi ba setšhaba. Palo ya dikereke tsa Pentecostal e ntse e oketsega mo ngwageng wa masome a mabedi le bongwe . Batho ba ba tsenang kereke ba tsaya karolo mo dithapelong tsa bosigo, mo boefangeleng le mo diphuthegong tsa bodumedi. Ditirelo tsa thuto ya Baebele ya mo gare ga beke di tshwarwa mo dikerekeng dingwe. Mo dikopanong tse, go rapelelwa kereke, maloko, morafe, le baeteledipele mo setšhabeng. Dikereke tsa Botswana di akaretsa Kereke ya Churches in Botswana include Pentecostal Protestant Church, [[:en:Assemblies_of_God|Assemblies of God]], [[:en:Apostolic_Faith_Mission_of_South_Africa|Apostolic Faith Mission]], [[:en:Eloyi_Christian_Church|Eloyi Christian Church]], [[:en:Pentecostal_Holiness_Church|Pentecostal Holiness Church]], [[:en:Dutch_Reformed_Church_in_Botswana|Dutch Reformed Church in Botswana]], Good News Ministries, [[:en:Christ_Embassy|Christ Embassy]], Bible Life Ministries, [[:en:Victory_International_Centre|Victory International Centre]] (VIC), Royal Assembly Ministries Int’l, First Love Church, and Winners chapel international . Kereke ya Orthodox ya Botlhaba le Kereke ya Orthodox ya Serbia <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Sava Serbian Orthodox Church, Gaborone, Botswana |url=https://orthodox-world.org/en/i/27430/botswana/south-east/gaborone/church/st.-sava-serbian-orthodox-church |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823113506/https://orthodox-world.org/en/i/27430/botswana/south-east/gaborone/church/st.-sava-serbian-orthodox-church |archive-date=2023-08-23 |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=World Orthodox Directory |language=en}}</ref> di teng. Bontsi jwa dikereke ke maloko a Lekgotla la Dikereke la Botswana . Dikereke ka tlwaelo di kopana nako le nako go obamela mmogo ka leina la Evangelical Fellowship of Botswana. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2016)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> lephata lena le tshwana le mokgatlho wa dikereke mme ke lentswe la kereke. == Ditso == Mongwe wa barongwa ba ntlha go tlisa efangele mo Botswana e ne e le David Livingstone . == Madumedi a magolo == Go ya ka palobatho ya ngwaga wa 2011, masome a bosupa le borobabongwe gotsweng ko lekgolong ya baagi ke maloko a ditlhopha tsa Bokeresete, gantsi e le Ma-Anglican, Ma-Methodist, kgotsa maloko a Kereke ya Phuthego e e Kopaneng ya Aforikaborwa . === Kereke ya Katoliki === Kereke ya Katoliki mo Botswana ke karolo ya Kereke ya Katoliki ya lefatshe ka bophara, ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa semowa jwa ga Mopapa kwa Vatican City . ka palo mo kemeding ya baagi Bakatoliki ba palo ya botlhano go ya ko borataro go tswa mo lesomeng <ref name="bishop">{{Cite web |last=Zenit Editorial Staff |date=2011-05-30 |title=Botswana's Bishop Valentine and His Big Heart |url=http://www.zenit.org/en/articles/botswana-s-bishop-valentine-and-his-big-heart |access-date=2013-02-22 |website=[[Zenit News Agency]]}}</ref> Kwa tshimologong barongwa ba Katoliki ba ne ba sa letlelelwe mo Botswana ke merafe ya naga ka go rotloediwa ke barongwa ba Protestant ba ba neng ba goroga pele. <ref name="bishop"/> Barongwa ba ne ba simolola go dira mo Botswana ka 1928, mme ba ne ba itsege ka go tlhoma dikolo le dikokelwana . <ref name="bishop" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2006 kereke kwa [[Francistown]] e ne ya simolola lenaneo la go alafa batshabi ba ba neng ba amiwa ke mogare AIDS ka kalafi ya anti retro viral therapy. <ref name="retro">{{Cite web |last=CNA Editorial Staff |date=2006-06-28 |title=Catholic Church helps refugees with AIDS in Botswana |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/7046/catholic-church-helps-refugees-with-aids-in-botswana |access-date=2013-02-22 |website=Catholic News Agency}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2011 go ne go na le bokopano ba go rutuntsha bo baithuti ba lesome le boraro ba ba neng ba ipaakanyetsa boperesiti mo Botswana. <ref name="bishop" /> Kereke mo Botswana e rulagantswe go nna Diocese ya Gaborone, e e direlang karolo e e kwa borwa jwa lefatshe leno, le Diocese ya Francistown, e e direlang badumedi ba merafe e e kwa bokone. === Kereke ya ga Jesu Keresete ya Baitshepi ba Malatsi a Bofelo === Lekalana la ntlha le ne la rulaganngwa ka 1991 le na le maloko a a kwa tlase ga lekgolo. Go tloga ka 2022, go ne go na le maloko a le dikete tse nne le masome a mararo le bongwe mo diphuthegong di le lesome le borataro mo Botswana. <ref name="newsroom">{{Citation|url=https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/facts-and-statistics/country/botswana|title=Facts and Statistics: Statistics by Country: Botswana|work=Newsroom|publisher=LDS Church}}</ref> === Kereke ya Dutch Reformed === Kereke ya Dutch Reformed mo Botswana e simolotswe ke barongwa ba kwa Switzerland ba eteletswe pele ke Moruti Henri Gronin ba simolotse go dira ka ngwaga wa 1863 mo gare ga morafe wa Bakgatla, [[Kgafela]] kwa [[Saulsport]] le [[Rustenburg]] kwa Aferika Borwa. Ka 1870 karolo ya morafe e ne ya fudugela kwa bokone kwa Botswana mme barongwa ba ba sala morago. Kgosi kgolo e ne ya kolobediwa mme bontsi jwa morafe wa mo sala morago. Ka ngwaga wa 1966 fa lefatshe la Botswana le ipusa, ga tlhamiwa Synod ya kereke ya Reformed. Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970 kereke e ne ya bona boipuso. Kereke mo dingwageng tse di latelang e ne ya atologela kwa merafeng ya [[Basarwa]], Bakalanga le Bakgatla . <ref name="reformiert-online1">{{Cite web |last=Johannes a Lasco Library |date= |title=Address data base of Reformed churches and institutions |url=http://www.reformiert-online.net/adressen/detail.php?id=1271&lg=eng |access-date=2013-08-18 |publisher=Reformiert-online.net |archive-date=2014-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810061326/http://www.reformiert-online.net/adressen/detail.php?id=1271&lg=eng |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mokgatlho o na le maloko a le dikete tse thataro le pharishes tse lesome le boraro tse di nang le dikopano tsa matlo di le masome a matlhano mo dipresbiteri tse pedi le Sinoto e le nngwe. Dikereke tse 14 di mo : [[Muchudi]], Muchudi Botlhaba, Muchudi Bophirima, [[Sikwane]], [[Gaborone]], [[Tlokweng]], [[Lobatse]], [[Kgalagadi le dikgaolo tse di mabapi|Kgalagadi]], [[Ghanzi]], [[Maun]], Makaleng, [[Selebi-Phikwe|Selebi Phikwe]], [[Boseja (Mochudi)]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-06 |title=Dutch Reformed Church In Botswana (Synod Office) (Mochudi, Botswana) |url=http://www.localbotswana.com/company/9986/DUTCH_REFORMED_CHURCH_IN_BOTSWANA_SYNOD_OFFICE |access-date=2013-08-18 |publisher=Localbotswana.com}}</ref> Kereke e kwadisa dipolelo tsa Reformed: * Tumelo ya Baaposetolo * Tumelo ya Nicea * Melawana ya Dort * Katekisimo ya Heidelberg . <ref name="reformiert-online1"/> Kereke e ke leloko la Kopano ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Dikereke Tse di Fetotsweng . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=World Communion of Reformed Churches - WCRC &#124; Bringing together 80 million Reformed Christians worldwide |url=http://www.wcrc.ch |access-date=2013-08-18 |publisher=Wcrc.ch}}</ref> Gape ke leloko la Lekgotla la Dikereke la Botswana . Kereke ya Efangele ya Lutere mo Botswana ke kereke ya Efangele ya Lutere . E na le maloko a le 22 000, mme e ntse e le leloko la Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Lutere fa e sale ka 1986. Gape e amana le mokgatlho wa yone wa kgaolo, e leng Mokgatlho wa Lutere mo Aforika Borwa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lutheran World |url=http://www.lutheranworld.org/Directory/afr/EvLuthCchinBotswana-EN.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811223124/http://www.lutheranworld.org/Directory/afr/EvLuthCchinBotswana-EN.html |archive-date=2011-08-11 |access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> Tlhogo ya kereke ke Bishopo Mothusi Letlhage. Ke leloko la Lekgotla la Dikereke la Botswana . == Mananeo a banana == Fa bana ba ne ba tshwarwa jaaka bagolo ba bannye ka nako ya batho ba santse ba tshelela mo kgatelelong , dingwaga tsa bo 1800 di ne tsa motswedi wa mananeo a sekolo sa Sontaga le dikolo tsa parochial (Bakatoliki) ka tlhamalalo tsa batho bao ba ba botlana. Kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800, go feta sephatlo sa maloko a banana mo Botswana a ne a tsena dikolo tse di botlana tse di tsamaisiwang ke dipharishe tsa selegae. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)">go tlhokega nopolo</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Ditumelo le maikutlo == * palo ya lesome le borobabongwe go tswa mo lekgolong ya Bakeresete ba Botswana: ba dumela mo pholosong ka [[Jeso Keresete|Jesu Keresete]], ba tsena kereke , ba ithuta Baebele, ba tsisa ditlhabololo mo go setshabeng , ba amogela maemo a boeteledipele jwa kereke, mme ba dumela gore ba tlamega go rerela ba bangwe efangedi * masome a mabedi go tswa mo lekgolong ke Bakeresete ba ba dumeleng ''.ebile'' gape ba ineetse go "amogela Keresete jaaka Mmoloki le Morena" ka go seo ele go tlogela bo bone ba tshela ka semowa go fetisa bodumedi. * palo ya masome a mabedi le bone ke Bakeresete ba Ditirelo '','' bontsi jwa bone e le ba Lutere le ba Roma . Ke batho ba ba tsenang kereke ka nako tsotlhe ,se ele go bontsha tiro e e kwa godimo ya semoya, e bile ba lemoga taolo ya kereke. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)">go tlhokega nopolo</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> * palo ya lesome le borataro go tswe ko lekgolong ke Bakeresete ba ba ikemetseng ''.'' Ba na le Baebele, mme ga ba e bale. Ke mo e ka nnang nngwetharong fela ba ba tsenang kereke. Ba dumela mo Modimong le mo ditirong tse di molemo, mme e seng mo teng ga bokao jwa kereke. Eno e ne e le karolo e kgolo le e nnye go gaisa. Mo e ka nnang ga go ope yo e leng baeteledipele ba kereke. * Diperesente di le 21 ke Bakeresete ba Setso ''.'' Ba itlhaola e le Bakeresete, lefa go ntse jalo ga ba tseye [[Jeso Keresete|Jesu]] e le yo o botlhokwa mo polokong, ba bontsha maitsholo le maikutlo a bodumedi a a seng kalo a a ratang thutabomodimo ya lefatshe lotlhe . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)">go tlhokega nopolo</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] qfjbs9xumtyly5w5jlqliuin04j44lv Motlakase wa letsatsi mo Aforika 0 14305 52292 52094 2026-07-10T09:54:28Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52292 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Ember_Solar_imports_for_Africa.png|thumb|355x355px|Kerafo e e supang koketsego ya go romelwa ga motlakase wa letsatsi go tswa kwa ntse go tsena mo Aforika ka 2024-]] [[Aferika|Aforika]] gantsi e bidiwa "kontinente ya Letsatsi", <ref>{{Cite web |title=Start-ups powering up Africa’s solar energy ecosystem {{!}} Africa Renewal |url=https://africarenewal.un.org/en/magazine/start-ups-powering-africas-solar-energy-ecosystem |access-date=2026-06-28 |website=africarenewal.un.org}}</ref> ka e le kontinente e tlhotlheletso ya Letsatsi e leng ntsi mo go yone. <ref name="google">{{Cite book |last=Griffiths, I.L. |date=2013 |title=The Atlas of African Affairs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8C40QP8vyU0C&pg=PA15 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781135855529 |page=15 |access-date=2017-01-29}}</ref> Go ya ka "World Sunshine Map", Aforika e amogela dioura tse dintsi tsa letsatsi le le phatsimang mo tsamaong ya ngwaga go feta dikontinente tse dingwe mo lefatsheng <ref name="google2">{{Cite book |last=Powell, R. |date=2012 |title=Journal for Star Wisdom 2013 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=seofxcSzO0QC&pg=PT38 |last2=Bowden, D. |last3=Tresemer, D. |last4=Bento, W. |last5=Farrants, W. |last6=Gray, B. |last7=Dann, K. |last8=Paul, L. |last9=Lainson, C.M.L. |publisher=Lindisfarne Books |isbn=9781584201366 |access-date=2017-01-29}}</ref> mme gape bontsi jwa mafatshe a go fitlhelwang letsatsi le lentsi mo go one a fitlhelwa mo Aforika . <ref name="currentresults">{{Cite web |title=Sunniest Places and Countries in the World - Current Results |url=http://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/sunniest-places-countries-world.php |access-date=2017-01-29 |publisher=currentresults.com}}</ref> Le ntswa e na le bokgoni jo bogolo jwa motlakase wa letsatsi, pele ga 2024, Aforika e ne e le kwa morago thata ga dikontinente tse dingwe fa go tla mo go ageng otlakase wa letsatsi wa boleng jo bo rileng, bontlhabongwe e le ka ntlha ya go tlhoka dipeeletso. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Snapshot of Global PV (1992-2015) |url=http://www.iea-pvps.org/fileadmin/dam/public/report/statistics/IEA-PVPS_-__A_Snapshot_of_Global_PV_-_1992-2015_-_Final.pdf |access-date=2016-12-05 |publisher=IEA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Masterson |first=Victoria |date=2022-09-23 |title=Africa is leading the way in solar power potential |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/09/africa-solar-power-potential/}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, mo bogaufing kwelotlase ya ditlhwatlhwa tsa didirisiwa tsa motlakase wa letsatsi go tswa China, e bakile koketsego e kgolo ya go tsewa ga motlakase wa letsatsi go tswa kwa mafatsheng a mangwe. Patlisiso e e dirilweng ke Ember e supile fa go ttsewa ga motlakase wa letsatsi go tswa kwa ntle go tsena mo aforika fa gare ga Seetebosigo 2024 le Seetebosigo 2025 e oketsegile ka 60%. Mo ngwageng oo, mafatshe a feta masome a mabedi le botlhano a rekile didirisiwa tsa motlakase wa letsatsi go tswa kwa ntle tse di fetang 100MW. Morago ga kgotlhang ya strait of Hormuz ya ngwaga wa 2026, babegi ba Reuters ba begile fa mafatshe a mangwe a a lesome le botlhano a gatisitse theko ya motlakase wa letsatsi o o fetang diketekete tse $400 mo setlheng sa ntlha fa go tshwantshanngwa le diketekete tse $650 mo ngwageng otlhe wa 2025. == Bokgoni jwa marang a letatsi == [[Setshwantsho:Sub_Saharan_Africa_GHI_Solar-resource-map_GlobalSolarAtlas_World-Bank-Esmap-Solargis.png|thumb|Go Phatsima ga Lefatshe Lotlhe go go Rapameng mo Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Global Solar Atlas |url=https://globalsolaratlas.info/ |access-date=6 December 2018}}</ref>]] [[Setshwantsho:Middle-East-and-North-Africa_GHI_mid-size-map_220x119mm-300dpi_v20170928.png|thumb|Phatsimo e e Rapameng ya Lefatshe Lotlhe mo Aforika Bokone le kwa Botlhaba jwa legare. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Global Solar Atlas |url=https://globalsolaratlas.info/ |access-date=6 December 2018}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://globalsolaratlas.info/ "Global Solar Atlas"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref>]] Kontinente yotlhe e na le nako e telele ya letsatsi, mme go sa akarediwe mafelo a magolo a meraga ya pula ( Dikgwa tsa Guinean tsa bophirima jwa Aforika le bontsi jwa Congo Basin ), jaaka fa dikgaolo tsa sekaka le savanna tsa Afrika di emela lefelo le legolo la Lefatshe le le senang maru. <ref name="google3">{{Cite book |last=Daniels, S. |date=2014 |title=Exploring Human Geography: A Reader |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uYp9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 |last2=Lee, R. |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781317859222 |page=425 |access-date=2017-01-29}}</ref> Aforika e tletse ka loapi lo lo phepa le kwa ntle ga dikaka (ex : Sahara, Namib, [[Sekaka sa Kalahari|Kalahari]] ), <ref name="theweathernetwork">{{Cite web |title=News - Thirteen years of cloud cover, in one beautiful map - The Weather Network |url=http://www.theweathernetwork.com/news/articles/thirteen-years-of-cloud-cover-in-one-beautiful-map/50928/ |access-date=2017-01-29 |publisher=theweathernetwork.com}}</ref> le fa go ntse jalo, dikgaolo tse di bapileng le ekhweitha di na le maru a mantsi thata go feta dikgaolo tsa boboatsatsi le tsa boboatsatsi jo bo kwa tlase. Sahara e e kwa botlhaba kgotsa bokonebotlhaba jwa Aforika e itsege thata ka dikgatiso tsa yone tsa lefatshe tsa letsatsi. Lefelo le le itemogela dingwe tsa nako e kgolo ya palogare ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya letsatsi le le phatsimang, <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Holford |first=Ingrid |author-link=Ingrid Holford |date=July 1, 1977 |title=The Guinness Book of Weather Facts and Feats |url=https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofwe00holf |publisher=Guinness Superlatives |isbn=9780900424755 |quote=sahara. |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> ka letsatsi le le phatsimang thata mo e ka nnang diura di le 4,300 ka ngwaga, <ref name="google4">{{Cite book |last=Dunlop, S. |date=2008 |title=A Dictionary of Weather |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27DdCC-nSCEC&pg=PT524 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=9780191580055 |access-date=2017-01-29}}</ref> e e lekanang le 97% ka kakaretso e e ka nnang teng. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Holford |first=Ingrid |date=July 1, 1977 |title=The Guinness Book of Weather Facts and Feats |url=https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofwe00holf |publisher=Guinness Superlatives |isbn=9780900424755 |quote=4300. |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> Kgaolo eno gape e na le boleng jo bo kwa godimo thata jwa marang a letsatsi ka ngwaga <ref name="google5">{{Cite book |last=Riordan, P. |date=1985 |title=World Weather Extremes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WNwaggeEz-cC&pg=PA66 |last2=Paul G. Bourget |last3=U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories |publisher=The Laboratories |isbn=9780788115370 |page=66 |access-date=2017-01-29}}</ref> <ref name="google6">{{Cite book |date=1974 |title=Climate and Life |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ln89Y-6KwZYC&pg=PA151 |publisher=Elsevier Science |isbn=9780080954530 |page=151 |access-date=2017-01-29}}</ref>( palo e e kwa godimo go di feta tsotlhe e e gatisitsweng ke 220 kcal/cm <sup>2</sup> ) . <ref name="google7">{{Cite book |last=Wadsworth, F.H. |date=1997 |title=Forest Production for Tropical America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAIUAAAAYAAJ |last2=United States. Forest Service |publisher=U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service |access-date=2017-01-29}}</ref> Kokoano ya popego ya mafatshe a otlhe le dintlha tse di amang phetogo ya seemo sa loapi ke tsone tse di bakang gore Aforika a bo a na le bokgoni jo bontsi jwa tiriso ya motlakase wa letsatsi. Palo ya malatsi a lesedi la letsatsi e letla gore go nne le bokgoni jo bontsi jwa motlakase wa letsatsi ntle le tiriso ya mafaratlhatlha a mantsi a maranyane a motlakase Kabo ya metswedi ya letsatsi go ralala Aforika e a tshwana, ka go feta 85% ya naga ya kontinente e e amogelang marang a letsatsi a a rapaletseng a lefatshe ka bophara kgotsa go feta 2,000 kWh/(m <sup>2</sup> ngwaga). <ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.desertec.org/downloads/med-csp_en.pdf|title=Concentrating Solar Power for the Mediterranean Region|access-date=2026-07-07|archivedate=2016-04-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415224623/http://www.desertec.org/downloads/med-csp_en.pdf}}</ref> <ref name="bosmos">{{Cite web |title=Free, clean solar energy year-round |url=http://www.bosmos.com/home/sunlight |access-date=2017-01-29 |publisher=bosmos.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|url=http://solargis.info/doc/index.php?select=71|title=Solar Radiation Maps: Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI)|publisher=Solar GIS}}</ref> Gape, dipolokelo tsa kgopolo tsa maatla a letsatsi a Aforika di akanyediwa mo go go 60,000,000 TWh/ngwaga, e e dirang mo e ka nnang 40% ka kakaretso ya lefatshe, ka jalo e dira gore Aforika e nne kontinente e e humileng ka letsatsi go gaisa mo lefatsheng. <ref name="google8">{{Cite book |last=Liu, Z. |date=2015 |title=Global Energy Interconnection |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T_MQCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA30 |publisher=Elsevier Science |isbn=9780128044063 |page=30 |access-date=2017-01-29}}</ref> Pay-as-you-go Solar System e fa bareki ba ba humanegileng mo metseselegaeng ya Aforika sekoloto, ka jalo e ba letla go beeletsa mo mafaratlhatlheng a matlo a bona. Mokgwa o o tlhomameng thata wa go lwantshana le kgoreletso e kgolo ya tlhabololo o tlile ka sekao sa maatla a letsatsi a a duelang fa o tsamaya kwa ntle ga tiriso ya mafaratlhatlha a motlakase, se jaanong se bidiwang PayGo, se mo dmafatsheng a mangwe jaaka [[Malawi]] kwa kompone e ebidiwang bidiwang Yellow <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yellow Solar in africa |url=https://yellow.africa}}</ref> e tsenyang motlakase mo bathong ka bonako go feta mafaratlhatlha a motlakase. Tsamaiso ya PayGo e thusa maranyane a dituelo go ka amogela dituelo mo baeking ba bone e be letla go ka duela ba le ko metseselegaeng ntleng le tiriso ya tsa maranyane. == Motlakase wa letsatsi == [[Setshwantsho:Solar_Power_Plant_Keetmanshoop.jpg|thumb|Setlamo sa Motlakase wa Letsatsi gaufi le Keetmanshoop, kwa [[Namibia]]]] [[Setshwantsho:Solar_panels_and_elephants.jpg|alt=Ground-mounted solar panels in front of elephants|thumb|Tlhomo e nnye ya maatla a letsatsi mo [[Botswana]]]] Kwelotlase ya ditlhwatlhwa tsa didirisiwa tsa motlakase wa letsatsi di ne di solofetswe go oketsa thata go tsenngwa ga motlakase wa letsatsi mo Aforika ka ponelopele ya gore mmaraka wa ngwaga le ngwaga wa PV wa kontinente o tla oketsega go fitlha go 2.2 GW ka ngwaga 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-24 |title=Middle East and Africa Solar PV Demand to Grow by 50 Percent in 2014, According to NPD Solarbuzz |url=http://www.solarbuzz.com/news/recent-findings/middle-east-and-africa-solar-pv-demand-grow-50-percent-2014-according-npd-solar |access-date=2014-08-19 |publisher=[[NPD Group]]}}</ref> Ditlhomo tsa isago tsa thobo ya motlakase wa letsatsi mo Aforika ga di kitla di fitlhelwa mo teng ga dikgaolo tsa seemo sa loapi tsa ekhweitha le tsa subekhweitha, tse di kwa karolong e e kwa bophirima jwa legar la Aforika gantsi di le gaufi le ekhweitha mme tse di atologelang kwa bokone le kwa borwa jaaka fa paralele ya bo 8 kgotsa ya bo 9 e golagana fela ka dihemisphere ka bobedi. letsatsi le le phatsimang le le kgaogang. Ka jalo, mafatshe a a mo kgaolong eno e e metsi le e e bokgola jaaka [[Republic of the Congo|Republic of Congo]], [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Gabon]], [[Rwanda]], [[Uganda]], Burundi, [[Liberia]], [[Sierra Leone]] le [[Senegal]] ke tsone tse di ko tlase thata mo tirisong ya motlakase wa letstsi mo Aforika fa go tshwangtshanngwa le mafatshe a mangwe e itemogela dioura di feta 2 700 tsa letsatsi le le phatsimang bobotlana mo karolong ya tshimo ya yone. Ditšhaba tse dintsi tsa Aforika tse di nnang di tlhabile jaaka [[Egypt|Egepeto]], Libya, [[Algeria]], Niger, Sudan, [[Aforika Borwa|Aforikaborwa]], [[Botswana]] le [[Namibia]] ka sekai di ka ikaega ka go tlhabolola metswedi ya tsone e megolo ya motlakase wa letsatsi ka selekanyo se segolo ka ntlha ya boalogodimo jo bogolo jwa kgaolo ya tsona le ka ditlhwatlhwa tse di fokoditsweng . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2026)">go tlhokega nopolo</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ka 2023, Aforikaborwa e ne ya tsenya 500 MW ya motlakase wa letsatsi o o tseneletseng, 2286 MW ya maatla a letsatsi a sekale sa tiriso, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kuhudzai |first=Remeredzai Joseph |date=2023-08-03 |title=South Africa Now Has Over 10 GW of Wind & Solar Generation Capacity |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2023/08/03/south-africa-now-has-over-10-gw-of-wind-solar-generation-capacity/ |access-date=2024-02-22 |website=CleanTechnica |language=en-US}}</ref> le 4400 MW ya maatla a letsatsi a a kwa godimo ga marulelo . <ref name=":0"/> Dipolante di le mmalwa tsa PV tsa 75 MW le dipolante di le pedi tsa CSP ka 100 MW nngwe le nngwe e ne e le tse dikgolo go gaisa mo nageng mme di le gareng ga tse dikgolo go gaisa mo Aforika. Aforikaborwa e itsisitse leano la go tsenya mafaratlhatlha a motlakase mannye kwa Robben Island ; go oketsa PV le polokelo ya malatlha go bonelwa kwa pele go fokotsa tiriso ya disele ka sephatlho. Sefetlhamotlakase sa 55 MW sa photovoltaic se agilwe kwa Garissa kwa [[Kenya]], toropo e e kwa ekhweitha kwa go bolelwang fa letsatsi le phatsima diura di ka nna 3 144 ngwaga le ngwaga ka slekanyo, mme go solofetswe gore le tlhagise mo e ka nnang 76 473 MWh/ngwaga. <ref name="the-star">{{Cite web |title=Chinese firms to build solar power plant in Garissa |url=http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/article-281/chinese-firms-build-solar-power-plant-garissa |access-date=2017-01-29 |publisher=the-star.co.ke}}</ref> Ghana, e ikaeletse go tirela 10% ya motlakase wa yone go tswa mo metsweding e e ka ntšhwafadiwang ka 2030, e simolotse ditirelo di le mmalwa, go akaretsa le polante ya molakase wa letsatsi e e kokobetseng mo letamong la [[Letamo la Bui]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-13 |title=Ghana steps up solar energy in bid to meet renewables target |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20230813-ghana-steps-up-solar-energy-in-bid-to-meet-renewables-targets |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=RFI |language=en}}</ref> Gape go na le ditlhomo tse dintsi tse dinnye tsa motlakase wa letsatsi tse di tsenngwang mo tirisong go ralala kontinente mo maemong a metse le a malapa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kemeny |first=P |last2=Munro |first2=P G |last3=Schiavone |first3=N |last4=van der Horst |first4=G |last5=Willans |first5=S |date=2014 |title=Community Charging Stations in rural sub-Saharan Africa: Commercial success, positive externalities, and growing supply chains |journal=Energy for Sustainable Development |volume=23 |pages=228–236 |doi=10.1016/j.esd.2014.09.005}}</ref> Ka 2015, Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara e ne e le kgaolo e e eteletseng pele mo go rekeng didirisiwa tse di sa diriseng mafaratlhatlha a motlakase. == Maatla a mogote wa letsatsi == [[Setshwantsho:KhiSolarOneBirdView.jpg|thumb|Pono ya leitlho la nonyane ya Khi Solar One (Diphalane 2016)<br /><br /><br /><br /> Lesedi le le tsepamisitsweng fa godimo ga tora]] Thulaganyo ya maatla a letsatsi ya Bogosi jwa Morocco, e e leng nngwe ya ditiro tse dikgolo thata tsa motlakase wa letsatsi mo lefatsheng mme go akanyediwaa gore e tla ja mo e ka nnang R1 000 .&nbsp;bilione, e ne ya tlhagisiwa ka Ngwanatsele 2009 ka maikaelelo a go tlhoma motlakase wa letsatsi o o ka tshwarang 2 000 MW ka ngwaga wa 2020. Go tlhophilwe mafelo a le matlhano go tlhabolola dipolante tsa motlakase wa letsatsi tse di kopanyang a le mmalwa tse di akaretsang maatla a letsatsi a a tseneletseng, parabolic trough mmogo le photovoltaics solar phase500 . Ouarzazate e le ya ntlha go tlhabololwa. <ref name="masen">{{Cite web |title=masen.org.ma/index.php?Id=42&lang=en#/_ |url=http://masen.org.ma/index.php?Id=42&lang=en#/_ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314222608/http://masen.org.ma/index.php?Id=42&lang=en#/_ |archive-date=2016-03-14 |access-date=2017-01-29 |publisher=masen.org.ma}}</ref> <ref name="ecogeek">{{Cite web |title=ecogeek.org/component/content/article/3770 |url=http://ecogeek.org/component/content/article/3770 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924062425/http://ecogeek.org/component/content/article/3770 |archive-date=2014-09-24 |access-date=2017-01-29 |publisher=ecogeek.org}}</ref> <ref name="iea">{{Cite web |title=Morocco |url=http://www.iea.org/publications/mtmr/countries/morocco/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924042546/https://www.iea.org/publications/mtmr/countries/morocco/ |archive-date=24 September 2014 |access-date=2017-01-29 |publisher=iea.org}}</ref> Karolo ya ntlha ya tiro ya 500MW, Noor I ya 160MW e ne ya tsena mo inthaneteng ka 2016 mme e dirisa thekenoloji ya maatla a letsatsi a a tseneletseng mo mokoting wa parabola . <ref name="reuters">{{Cite web |editor-last=Jane Baird |title=Morocco says investors lining up for $9 bln solar project |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/morocco-solar-idUKL5N0L92J220140204 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306133829/http://uk.reuters.com/article/morocco-solar-idUKL5N0L92J220140204 |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |access-date=2017-01-29 |publisher=uk.reuters.com}}</ref> Morocco, naga e le nosi ya Aforika e e nang le kgolagano ya thapo ya motlakase le Yuropa, e ikaelela go solegelwa molemo ke thekiso ya maatla kwa Yuropa. Nngwe ya maiteko ao e ne e le ya Desertec . <ref name="solargcc">{{Cite web |title=Morocco Solar &#124; Solar GCC |url=http://www.solargcc.com/morocco-solar/ |access-date=2017-01-29 |publisher=solargcc.com}}</ref> Aforika Borwa e tlhamile dipolante di le mmalwa tsa mogote wa letsatsi, ka bobedi mefuta ya parabolic trough le ya tora ya maatla. Ka 2017, e ne e le lefatshe le le eteletseng pele mo Aforika ka maatla a mogote a letsatsi le a PV a letsatsi. == Bona gape ==   * Maatla a letsatsi kwa Algeria * Maatla a letsatsi kwa Morocco * Maatla a letsatsi mo Aforika Borwa * Maatla a a ntšhwafadiwang mo Aforika * Maatla a letsatsi go ya ka naga == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} f4lkd27hri077wwcsnhkp519dol4gix Lefelo la Motlakase la Orapa 0 14330 52270 52156 2026-07-10T06:53:36Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52270 wikitext text/x-wiki Lefelo la Motlakase la Orapa ke lefelo le le tlhagisang motlakase se se kwa toropong ya moepo ya Orapa kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Botswana mo Kgaolong ya Bogare. <ref>[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&aid=587&dir=2011/October/Monday10/ "Mmegi Online :: Orapa power plant to be finally launched"]. ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 29 September 2018.</ref>E agilwe ka fa gare ga lefelo le le ageletsweng ka legora la taemane la Debswana Diamond Company Ltd Orapa mme e le ya Puso ya Botswana e e laetseng Botswana Power Corporation go laola, go tsamaisa le go tlhokomela lefelo leno. == Se se diragetseng == Kago ya semela e simolotse fa Botswana e ne e simolola go nna le dikgwetlho tsa tlamelo ya motlakase go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tsepe pedi le bosupa fa patlego ya motlakase mo nageng e ne e simolola go feta bokgoni jwa go tlhagisa motlakase wa kgaolo e e neng ya dira gore Botswana Power Corporation e pateletse gore e duele lekgetho la motlakase ka dinako tse di rileng. <ref>[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&aid=5796&dir=2010/October/Friday22 Developers of Orapa's 90MW push for 60 % cost reduction]</ref>Semela se e ne e le karabo ya nakwana ya ditlhokego tsa motlakase wa intaseteri ya meepo pele ga tlhabololo ya diteišene tsa motlakase tsa Mmamabula le Morupule B. Lefelo le go agilweng madirelo ano mo go lone le gaufi le lefelo le le fetlhang motlakase le le golaganyang madirelo ano le motlakase wa setšhaba mme le ne le diretswe go dirisa gase ya tlholego kgotsa disele e le leokwane. E ne ya tsenngwa mo tirisong ka go dirisa disele le phetogo e e rulagantsweng go ya gase ya tlholego fa go agiwa ga mogala wa gase go tswa mo masimong a gase a a gaufi go sena go wediwa le go tsenngwa mo tirisong. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sundaystandard.info/kalahari-energy-convert-diesel-orapa-power-plant-cbm-operation |title=Kalahari Energy to convert diesel Orapa Power Plant to CBM operation |access-date=2026-07-08 |archive-date=2019-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411155426/http://www.sundaystandard.info/kalahari-energy-convert-diesel-orapa-power-plant-cbm-operation |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Dintlha tse di rileng == Semela se na le diterena tsa gase tsa 45MW GE LM6000 Sprint Simple Cycle tse di dirisang disele. <ref>[http://www.sundaystandard.info/bpc-gets-orapa-90mw-power-station "BPC gets Orapa 90MW Power Station | Sunday Standard".] ''www.sundaystandard.info''. Retrieved 29 September 2018.</ref>Maatla a a tlhagisitsweng a fetisetswa kwa gridi ya bosetšhaba ka Orapa Substation e e golagantsweng ka tiriso ya mela e mebedi e mekhutshwane ya 132kV ya motlakase. == Metswedi == alq2r648tf8gsmrmmwghrr6tbj2zlsv Lephata la madi (Botswana) 0 14332 52273 52160 2026-07-10T07:09:49Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52273 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lephata la madi''' ke lephata la [[puso ya Botswana]] le le tlhamang melao ya tsa madi le itsholelo gape le okametse ditsamaiso tsa puso tsa madi. Mo kgweding ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro, tona wa lephata le ke [[Ndaba Gaolathe]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.finance.gov.bw/ |title="Ministry of Finance Botswana". |access-date=2026-07-08 |archive-date=2023-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129133933/https://www.finance.gov.bw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/botswana-replaces-finance-minister-with-immediate-effect-statement-2021-04-17/ "Botswana replaces finance minister with immediate effect - statement".] ''Reuters''. 17 April 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2026</ref> == Matona a gompieno le a a fetileng == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Leina !Ngwaga !Motswedi |- |[[Benjamin Thema]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le botlhano go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro |<ref name=":0">[https://www.finance.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=102 "About Us - Ministry of Finance".] ''www.finance.gov.bw''. Retrieved 8 July 2026.</ref> |- |[[Motlatsi Segokgo]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa |<ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.c092755342 "The Commonwealth yearbook / Foreign and Commonwealth Office 1968"]. ''HathiTrust''.</ref> |- |[[Quett Masire]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, maksolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi |<ref name=":0" /> |- |[[James G Haskins|James G. Haskins]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa |<ref name=":0" /> |- |[[Quett Masire]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le motso go tsena ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi |<ref name=":0" /> |- |[[Peter Mmusi]] |Ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe |<ref name=":0" /> |- |[[Festus Mogae]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi |<ref name=":0" /> |- |[[Ponatshego Kedikilwe]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabobongwe |<ref name=":0" /> |- |[[Baledzi Gaolathe]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabobongwe go tsena ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe |<ref name=":0" /> |- |[[Kenneth Matambo]] |Ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabongwe go tsena ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabongwe |<ref name=":0" /> |- |[[Thapelo Matsheka]] |Ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabongwe go tsena ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le motso |<ref name=":0" /> |- |[[Peggy Serame]] |Ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le motso go tsena ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone |<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/botswana-replaces-finance-minister-with-immediate-effect-statement-2021-04-17/ "Botswana replaces finance minister with immediate effect - statement".] ''Reuters''. 17 April 2021.</ref> |- |[[Ndaba Gaolathe]] |Ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone go tsena gompieno | |} == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Puso ya Botswana]] * [[Lephata la mesepele le ditlhaeletsanyo (Botswana)|Lephata la mesepele le ditlhaeletsanyo]] == Metswedi == qn7l5yu6oqv4sqt21evhf5ibmu1cg9t Boaka mo Botswana 0 14340 52258 52191 2026-07-10T00:43:59Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52258 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boaka mo Botswana''' ga bo kgatlhanong le molao, mme melao e e tshwanang le ya kgopakgopetsano ya setšhaba, go tsamayatsamaya, go tsamayatsamaya le ditaelo tsa bodumedi tse di amogelwang ke puso di dirisiwa go sekisa diaka . <ref name="spl">{{Cite web |title=Sex Work Law - Countries |url=http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw/countries |access-date=5 January 2018 |website=Sexuality, Poverty and Law |language=en |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729103225/http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw/countries |url-status=dead }}</ref> ml8v2b1wnszgz5rqomu8wnd1j3dy7un Botsogo mo Botswana 0 14345 52233 52217 2026-07-09T14:02:14Z JudithShe 9421 52233 wikitext text/x-wiki Tsamaiso ya '''botsogo mo Botswana''' e ntse e tokafatsa le go atolosa mafaratlhatlha a yone gore e kgone go fitlhelelwa motlhofo. Maemo a lefatshe jaaka lefatshe le le nang le letseno le le kwa godimo fa gare, a dirile gore lefatshe le kgone go dira kgatelopele mo go tlameleng bontsi jwa batho ba Botswana ka tlhokomelo ya botsogo. Bontsi jwa banni ba Botswana ba ba didikadike di le pedi le dikete di le tharo jaanong ba nna mo sekgelengb sa dikhilomithara di le tlhano go tswa kwa kokelong kgotsa kokelwana ya botsogo.<ref name=":0">[https://www.unicef.org/botswana/health-and-nutrition "Health and nutrition".] ''www.unicef.org''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Ka ntlha ya se, go tlhokafala ga masea le bomme ka nako ya pelegi go ile kwa tlase.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana "Africa :: Botswana — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency"]. ''www.cia.gov''. Archived from [https://www.cia.gov/stories/story/spotlighting-the-world-factbook-as-we-bid-a-fond-farewell/ the original] on January 9, 2021. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Go tokafala ga mafaratlhatlha a botsogo mo lefatsheng le gape go bontshistwe ka koketsego ya palo ya boleele jwa botshelo go tswa kwa nako ya fa ngwana a belegwa, e ka nna bana bolthe ba ba belegelwang mo dikokelong.<ref name=":0" /> Go kgona go tlamelwa ka tsa botsogo ga go a fedisa mathata otlhe a lefatshe a botsogo, jaaka mafatshe a mantsi go kagbaganya [[Aferika|Aforika]], lefatshe la [[Botswana]] le santse le itemogela dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa bolwetsi jwa HIV/AIDS le malwetsi a mangwe a a tshelanwang. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le boraro, 25% ya banni ba Botswana e ne e amilwe ke mogare wa HIV/AIDS.<ref name=":2">[https://www.beintheknow.org/understanding-hiv-epidemic/data "HIV and Aids in Botswana".] ''Avert''. AVERT International HIV & Aids Charity. 2020-04-23. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana gape le na le dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa tlhaelo dikotla mo baneng ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano mo go bakileng matshwenyego a mangwe a botsogo a tshwana le letshololo le go tlhoka go gola sentle.<ref name=":3">[https://globalnutritionreport.org/resources/nutrition-profiles/ "Botswana Nutrition Profile".] ''Global Nutrition Report''. 2020-02-17. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> == Mafaratlhatlha a botsogo == Lefatshe la Botswana le neela banni botlhe ba Botswana tlhokomelo ya botsogo ka mafaratlhatlha a botsogo a puso, mafaratlhatlha a botsogo a a ikemetseng le one a teng. Puso e okametse 98% ya dikokelo tsa botsogo. Tlhokomelo ya botsogo mo Botswana, e neelwa ka mokgwa o o kgaogantsweng ka tlhokomelo ya botsogo<ref>''Healthcare management''. Kieran Walshe, Judith Smith (Third&nbsp;ed.). London. 2016. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-335-26352-3|978-0-335-26352-3]]</bdi>. OCLC&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/961878358 961878358.]</ref><ref>''Association of medicine and psychiatry primary care psychiatry''. Robert M. McCarron (Second&nbsp;ed.). Philadelphia. 2019. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4963-4921-7|978-1-4963-4921-7]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/1088810484 1088810484.]</ref> ya motheo e le yone tsamaiso kgolo ya botsogo. Lefatshe la Botswana le na le mafaratlhatlha a tseneletseng a botsogo (dipatela, dikokelo, dikokelwana, le tse di tsamayang) mo dikgaolong tse di masome mabedi le bosupa. Fa godimo ga dikokelo di le lekgolo le bone tse di nang le malao, di le lekgolo masome a robabongwe le botlhano tse di senang malao, dikokelwana di le makgolo a mararo, masome a mararo le borobabobedi le tse di tsamayang di le makgolo a robabobedi, masome a mane le bone, ditirelo tsa botsogo jwa motheo mo Botswana di amantswe le ditirelo tse dingwe tsa sepatela, di neelwa mo dikarolong tsa balwetsi ba ba sa robadiwang.<ref name=":4">[http://www.statsbots.org.bw/health "Health".] ''Statistics Botswana''. 2016-05-09. Retrieved 2026-09-07.</ref> Ke ka ditsamaiso tse gore a bo ditirelo tsa go thibela, go rotloetsa le go fodisa le tlhokomelo di neelwang. Go tla go itekodisa, banni ba Botswana ba lopiwa madi a a kanang ka dipula tse tlhano, kwa ntle ga ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano kgotsa tse di fetileng masome a marataro le botlhano, ba bone ba lekodisiwang go sa lopiwe sepe. Mafaratlhatlha a dipatela tsa puso a rulagantswe fa gare ga dipatela tsa motheo, tse di berekang jaaka dipatela tsa malwetsi otlhe, di na le ditsompelo tsa go alafa malwetsi a a farologaneng le matshosetsi a botsogo, dipatela tsa dikgaolo, tse di nang le malao a mantsi di na le di tlamelo tsa go alafa malwetsi a a masisi, le dipatela tse go romelwang batho ke dingaka tse dingwe kwa go tsone, tse di nang le ditlamo tsa go alafa malwetsi a a rileng. Go na le dipatela tse di ikemetseng di le pedi mo lefatsheng leo. Puso e dulelela kalafi ya balwetsi ba ba romelwang kwa mafatsheng a sele go bona kalafi.<ref>''The State of Nursing and Nursing Education in Africa: A Country-by-country Review'', [[:en:Sigma_Theta_Tau|Sigma Theta Tau]] (2012)</ref><ref>[http://www.moh.gov.bw/hospitals1.html "Ministry Of Health & Wellness, Botswana".] ''www.moh.gov.bw''.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140803005024/http://www.aho.afro.who.int/profiles_information/index.php/Botswana:The_Health_System "Botswana:The Health System - AHO".] ''www.aho.afro.who.int''. Archived from [https://aho.afro.who.int/profiles_information/index.php/Botswana:The_Health_System the original] on August 3, 2014.</ref> == Ditlamelo tsa botsogo == === Ditshenyegelo tsa botsogo === Ditshenyegelo tsotlhe tsa Botswana mo botsogong ke 5.4% ya dipoelo kgotsa di dolara di le makgolo a robabobedi, masome a supa le motso motho a le mongwe.<ref name=":4" /> Mo dingwageng tse tlhano ste di fitileng, lekgotla la UNICEF le akanyetsa fa puso e abetse 11% wa kabo ya madi yotlhe mo ditirelong tsa botsogo.<ref name=":0" /> Mo patlisisong e e dirilweng ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro ke porojeke ya molao wa botsogo, go lemogilwe f puso ya Botswana e duela 5% ya madi otlhe a a dirisetswang tsa botsogo mo lefatsheng leo. Bontsi jwa madi ao a tswa mo dipoelong tsa ditswammung mo go rayang gore puso e ne e sa tlhoke go ntsha madi a lekgetho mo go tsa botsogo. 39% wa madi a botsogo o ne a tswa mo dikomponeng le batho ba ba ikemetseng, ba ba abang madi ba dira 7 % fela.<ref>[https://www.healthpolicyproject.com/pubs/7887/Botswana_HFP.pdf "Health Financing Profile, Botswana"] (PDF). ''Health Policy Project''. May 2016. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Mo ditsong, bontsi jwa madi a botsogo kwa Botswana bo ne bo tswa mo bathong ba ba abang madi e le maiteko a mafatshefatshe a go emisa go anama ga HIV/AIDS mo Aforika. Mo dingwageng tsa mo bosheng, madi a, a fokotsegile ka maiteko a mafatshefatshe a go fedisa go anama ga HIV/AIDS a fokotsegile, lefatshe la Botswana le okeditse dipoelo tsa lone. Lenaneo la ga tautona la potlako la go imolola AIDS (PEPFAR) le fokoditse madi a le a abang go tswa kwa didikadikeng di le masome a robabongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome go ya kwa didikadikeng tsa di dolara di le masome a mane ka nwgaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro, madi a ne a fokodiwa gape go nna di dolara di le didikadike di le makgolo a mararo le botlhano ka seelo se se beilweng sa go tsweledisa go fokotsa seelo ka didikadike di lelesome ka ngwaga.<ref>Cooke, Jennifer (2012-11-30). [https://www.csis.org/analysis/competing-pressures-us-pepfar-botswana "Competing Pressures for U.S. PEPFAR in Botswana"]. ''Center For Strategic and International Studies''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> == Babereki == [[Setshwantsho:Princess Marina Hospital - Administration Building.jpg|thumb|Sepatela sa Princess Marina]] Dingaka tsa Botswana ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro di ne di le 0.37 mo bathong ba le sekete.<ref name=":1" /> === Batlamedi ba botsogo mo maranyaneng === * Khansele ya Botswana ya batho ba ba tlamelang mo go tsa botsogo ga e na batho ba tlamelang mo go tsa botsogo mo maranyaneng * Medpages: go senka batho ba botsogo ka tatelano le kgaolo go letla go batla batho ba botsogo ka leina kgotsa ka se ba itebagantseng le sone mo go tsa botsogo == Dipatela == Lefatshe la Botswana le na dipatela di le masome mabedi le borataro go anama lefatshe tse di leng bontlha jwa mafaratlhatlha a a kgaogantsweng gararo a okametswe ke lepghata la botsogo. Mafaratlhatlha a ntlha a na le dipatela di le lesome le borataro kwa magaeng tse sengwe le sengwe sa tsone se tlamelang batho ba palo e e sa feteng dikete di le lesome. Sepatela sengwe le sengwe se na le malao a le masome mabedi go tsena a le masome a supa. Mafaratlhatlha a bobedi a na le dipatela tsa kgaolo di le supa kwa magaeng a magolwane le ditoropo. Di na le malao a ka nna masome a supa le motso go tsena a le makgolo a mabedi, le masome a matlhano. Mafaratlhatlha a boraro a na le dipatela tse dingaak di romelang balwetsi kwa go tsone di le tharo tse di lebaganang le malwetsi a a faphegileng.<ref>Seitio-Kgokgwe, Onalenna; Gauld, Robin DC; Hill, Philip C; Barnett, Pauline (2014-09-13). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4181967 "Assessing performance of Botswana's public hospital system: the use of the World Health Organization Health System Performance Assessment Framework".] ''International Journal of Health Policy and Management''. '''3''' (4): 179–189. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2883_607.html 10.15171/ijhpm.2014.85.] [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:2322-5939 2322-5939]. [[:en:PubMed_Central#PMCID|PMC]]&nbsp;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4181967/ 4181967]. [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25279380/ 25279380.]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome, dipatela tsa Botswana di ne di na le malao a le 1.8 mo bathong ba le sekete.<ref name=":1" /> == Seemo sa botsogo == === Boleele jwa botshelo === Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi, boleele jwa botshelo go simolola ka nako ya pelegi kwa Botswana e ne e le dingwaga di le masome a marataro le bone mo go borre le masome a marataro le borobabobedi mo go bomme.<ref name=":4" /> Kgonagalo ya go tlhokafala o le ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le tlhano ke masome a mararo le borataro mo dipeleging di le sekete tsa bana ba ba tshedileng. Go ya ka UNICEF, dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa dipelegi tsa kwa dipateleng le palo e e kwa godimo ya dintsho tsa bana di supa tlhaelo ya tlhokomelo ya maemo a a kwa godimo ya bomma bana le masea fa ba tswa mo sepatela.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">[https://data.unicef.org/country/bwa/ "Botswana (BWA) - Demographics, Health & Infant Mortality".] ''UNICEF DATA''. Retrieved 2026-07-09.</ref> Kgonagalo ya go tlhokafala o le dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano go tsena dingwaga di le masome a marataro e ne e le makgolo a mabedi, masome a robabongwe le bone mo go borre ba le sekete le makgolo a mabedi le borobabobedi mo go bomme ba le sekete.<ref name=":4" /> === Seelo sa pelegi === Seelo sa pelegi mo Botswana e ne e le dipelegi di le masome a mabedi mo bathong ba le sekete ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le masome a mabedi, se se dira gore e nne lefatshe la masome a supa le bobedi ka tsholo mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref name=":1" /> === Botsogo jwa bomme le masea === Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi, didikadike di le 0.5 (26%) ya Botswana, e ne e akanyediwa fa didikadike di le pedi tsa batho ba Botswana e le bomme ba dingwaga tsa pelegi; ka jalo seelo sa tsholo e ne e le 2.6 ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi.<ref>[https://www.unfpa.org/sowmy "State of the World's Midwifery 2014 | UNFPA - United Nations Population Fund"]. ''www.unfpa.org''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Seelo sa dintsho tsa bomme ka nako ya pelegi kwa Botswana e ne e le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano; se se tshwantshiwa le palo e o gabedi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe, fa seelo sa dintsho tsa bomme ka nako ya pelegi e neng e le makgolo a mabedi, masome a mane le boraro.<ref>[https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/sdg-target-3-1-maternal-mortality#B "Maternal mortality country profiles".] ''World Health Organization''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe go stena dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano, go ne go na le phokotsego ya 47% ya dintsho tsa bomme ka nako ya pelegi, se ke palo e ekwa tlase ka 75% wa seelo se se neng se beilwe. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano, Botswana o ne a le mo maemong a masome a matlhano le botlhano mo mafatshenga le lekgolo, masome a robabongwe le boraro mo lefatsheng ka bophara, ka seelo sa go tlhokafala ga bana; go ne go na le dintsho di ka nna masome a mane le bone mo baneng ba le sekete ba ba tshedileng ka nako ya pelegi (palo e, e lekana le bana ba le dikete pedi ba ba tlhokafalang ba le dingwaga di le kwa tlase ga botlhano).<ref name=":5" /> Le ntswa e le kwa godimo, se e ne e le tokafalo go tswa kwa ngwageng wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe - fa seelo sa dintsho tsa bana e ne e le masome a matlhano le bone. Dipalo tsa UNICEF tsa mo bosheng di supa fa seelo sa Botswana sa dintsho tsa bana ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga Botswana jaanong e le masome a mararo le borataro. Le ntswa seelo sa dintsho tsa bana mo Botswana se le kwa godimo, se kwa tlase ga mafatshe ka bontsi mo Aforika, se se raya gore go itekanela ga bana go kwa godimo mo Botswana go gaisa bonts jwa mafatshe mo Aforika. Botswana ke lefatshe le le nang le dipoelo tse di kwa godimo fa gare le na le palo e potlana ya batho. Palo ya dintsho tsa masea mo Botswana le yone e ile kwa tlase mo dingwageng di le lesome le botlhano; ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe seelo sa dintsho tsa masea e ne ele masome a mane le bobedi, palo e e fokotsegile go nna masome a mararo le botlhano ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano. Kakanyetso ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le masome a mabedi ya CIA World Factbook e lemogile fa palo ya dintsho tsa pelegi mo Botswana e le 28.6 mo bathong ba le sekete. Masea a basimane a tlhokafala ka seelo sa 29.2 mo seketeng ba basetsana ba le 24.4 mo seketeng. Lefatshe la Botswana le mo maemong a masome a marataro le borataro mo lefatsheng ka bophara go ya ka CIA World Factbook.<ref name=":1" /> === Go thibela pelegi === Go ya UNFPA, 52.8% ya bomme ba ne ba dirisa dithibedi tsa pelegi tsa sesha ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro.<ref>[https://botswana.unfpa.org/en/news/botswana-introduces-contraceptive-implants "UNFPA Botswana | Botswana introduces contraceptive implants".] ''botswana.unfpa.org''. 5 September 2016. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> == Mathata a a tlwaelesegileng a botsogo == === Letshololo mo baneng ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano === Letshololo le tlhalosiwa e le go ntsha boloko jwa setho jo bo repileng gararo kgotsa go feta ka letsatsi (kgotsa go ya go itlhoma kgapetsa kgapetsa mo go sa tlwaelesegang).<ref>[https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease "Diarrhoeal disease".] ''www.who.int''. Retrieved 2026-07-09.</ref> Batho ba ba tshwaeditsweng ka letshololo ba tsholola gararo ka letsatsi kgotsa gangwe le gape go gaisa jaaka go tlwaelesegile mo bathong ba ba sa amegang.<ref name=":6">Wardlaw, Tessa; Salama, Peter; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Chopra, Mickey; Mason, Elizabeth (March 2010). "Diarrhoea: why children are still dying and what can be done". ''The Lancet''. '''375''' (9718): 870–872. doi:[https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673609617980 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61798-0]. ISSN[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0140-6736 &nbsp;0140-6736.] PMID&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19833382/ 19833382]. S2CID&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29645246 29645246].</ref> Gompieno, letshololo e santse e le lengwe la mabaka a magolo a a bakang dintsho le malwetse mo lefatsheng ka bophara,<ref>Pr??ss-??st??n, Annette; Corval??n, Carlos (January 2007). [https://www.ovid.com/jnls/epidem/abstract/10.1097/01.ede.0000239647.26389.80~how-much-disease-burden-can-be-prevented-by-environmental?redirectionsource=fulltextview "How Much Disease Burden can be Prevented by Environmental Interventions?".] ''Epidemiology''. '''18''' (1): 167–178. doi:[https://www.ovid.com/jnls/epidem/abstract/10.1097/01.ede.0000239647.26389.80~how-much-disease-burden-can-be-prevented-by-environmental?redirectionsource=fulltextview 10.1097/01.ede.0000239647.26389.80]. ISSN&nbsp;1044-3983. PMID&nbsp;16971860. S2CID&nbsp;[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/022cae94d61ea2ca59c1014a11a49c1cae8abcf4 33669179.]</ref> fa godimo ga foo, le supiwa fa e le lebaka la bobedi la dintsho mo baneng ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano, morago ga pneumonia, se se dira gore le bake dintsho tse di fetang tse di bakiwang ke HIV, mmokwane le malaria di kopantswe mo setlhopheng sa dingwaga tse.<ref>Fischer Walker, Christa L.; Aryee, Martin J.; Boschi-Pinto, Cynthia; Black, Robert E. (2012-01-03). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3250411/ "Estimating Diarrhea Mortality among Young Children in Low and Middle Income Countries"]. ''PLOS ONE''. '''7''' (1) e29151. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...729151F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029151. ISSN&nbsp;1932-6203. PMC&nbsp;3250411. PMID&nbsp;22235266.</ref> Lekgotla la [[World Health Organisation]] (WHO) le akanyeditse fa bana ba ka nna didikadike di robabongwe ba ba ka fa talse ga dingwaga steo ba tlhokafala ngwaga le ngwaga,<ref name=":6" /> mo go bone ba le didikadike di le nne e le ka ntlha ya letshololo, ba le didikadike di le pedi le dikete tse pedi e le malwetsi a a amanang le lesthololo, bontsi jwa bana ba bannye ba tswa mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologang.<ref>Arvelo, Wences; Kim, Andrea; Creek, Tracy; Legwaila, Ketumetse; Puhr, Nancy; Johnston, Stephanie; Masunge, Japhter; Davis, Margarett; Mintz, Eric; Bowen, Anna (November 2010). [https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1201971210024574 "Case–control study to determine risk factors for diarrhea among children during a large outbreak in a country with a high prevalence of HIV infection".] ''International Journal of Infectious Diseases''. '''14''' (11): e1002–e1007. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2010.06.014. ISSN&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1201-9712 1201-9712]. PMID&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20932791/ 20932791.]</ref> Tlhotlheletso ya letshololo mo lefatsheng lotlhe e masisi thata go kgabaganya Aforika, ka ntlha ya go nna kwa godimo ga HIV.<ref name=":7">Popoola, Tosin; Mchunu, Gugu (May 2015). "Application of PRECEDE-PROCEED model to tackle problems identified with diarrhoea burden among under-5s in Botswana". ''International Journal of Nursing Practice''. '''21''': 67–70. doi:[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijn.12328 10.1111/ijn.12328]. ISSN&nbsp;1322-7114. PMID&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26125574/ 26125574.]</ref> Thibelo ya letshololo mo kgaolong e, ke kgwetlho mo botsogong ka metswedi ya yone e e mentsi, jaaka go amusa ga bomme ba ba nang le mogare wa HIV, go tlhoka go itshetlela ga phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, le go tlhoka go baakanya bophepa jwa setshaba, se se supa bolthokwa jwa go tlhaloganya mokgwa wa bolwetse le methale ya go rarabolola bothata jo. Dipatlisiso di supa fa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro go tsena dikete pedi le lesome le motso go ne go na le bana ba ba amilweng ke letshololo ba le dikete di le lekgolo, masome a supa le motso, makgolo a mabedi, masome a robabobedi mo Botswana, mme ga baka dintsho tsa bana ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano<ref name=":7" /> ba le sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mabedi. Maduo a, a magolo ka batho botlhe mo Botswana ba feta didkadike di le pedi fela,<ref name=":7" /> gape lefatshe leo le na le palo e e kwa godimo ya batho ba ba amilweng ke mogare wa HIV lefatshe ka bophara, ba akanyediwa go na 17% ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi.<ref>Alexander, KA; Blackburn, JK (2013-08-26). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3765974/ "Overcoming barriers in evaluating outbreaks of diarrheal disease in resource poor settings: assessment of recurrent outbreaks in Chobe District, Botswana"]. ''BMC Public Health''. '''13''' (1): 775. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-775. ISSN&nbsp;1471-2458. PMC&nbsp;3765974. PMID&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23971427/ 23971427].</ref> Seemo se, se beile ba ba amegileng ka fa mosing wa go tsenwa ke malwetsi a a tshelanwang le letshololo. === HIV/AIDS === 20.3% ya bagolo ba Botswana ba ba dingwaga di lesome le botlhano go tsena dingwaga tse di masome a mane le borobabongwe ba na le mogare wa [[HIV/AIDS mo Botswana|HIV/AIDS]]. Se ke phokotsego mo 25% ya palo ya batho ba Botswana ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le boraro. Lefatshe la Botswana le mo maemong a bone a dipalo ste dintsi tsa HIV mo lefatsheng ka bophara, le sala morago la [[Aforika Borwa]], [[Lesotho]] le [[Eswatini]].<ref name=":2" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi, lefatshe la Botswana le ne le na le batho ba le dikete di robabobedi, makgolo a matlhano ba ba tsenweng ke bolwetsi mo bosheng, le dintsho di le dikete di le nne le makgolo a robabobedi tse di bakilwengke HIV/AIDS, e le kwelo tlase mo palong e e kwa godimo ya dikete di le lesome le borobabobedi tsa dintsho ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bobedi.<ref name=":2" /> === Kalafi e e sa duelelweng ya di-antiretroviral === Lefatshe la Botswana e ne e le lone la ntlha go kgabaganya [[Aferika|Aforika]] go neela batho ba ba fitlhetsweng ka mogare wa HIV/AIDS kalafi ya mafala ya di antiretroviral.<ref name=":1" /> Ka jalo, ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi, 85% ya bagolo le 38% ya bana ba ba tshelang ka mogare wa HIV/AIDS ba ne ba le mo kalafing e.<ref name=":2" /> === Go tlhoka tekatekano mo go bomme === Bomme ba tswa kgakala ba amiwa ke HIV/AIDS go fetisa borre kwa Botswana. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro, palo ya bomme ba ba amilweng ke HIV/AIDS e ne e le 26.3%. Borre ba dingwaga tseo ba ba amilweng ke HIV/AIDS ba ne ba le 17.6%.<ref name=":2" /> Go tlhakanela dikobo ba santse ba le bannye, go patelediwa go nyalwa le kgokgontsho ya bong, di dirile gore bomme mo Botswana ba aramele mosi wa HIV/AIDS. Puso ya Botswana e dirile maiteko a go rarabolola go tlhoka tekatekano mo ka go oketsa ditirelo tsa bomme ba ba botlana, go beeletsa mo itsholelong ya go nonotsha bomme le mananeo a go thibela HIV a basetsana.<ref name=":2" /> === Dikakanyetso tsa HIV/AIDS ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi === Motswedi:<ref>[https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/botswana "Botswana"]. ''www.unaids.org''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> * Bagolo le bana ba ba tshelang ka mogare wa HIV: dikete di le makgolo a mararo le masome a supa * Bagolo ba ba dingwaga di lesome le botlhano go tsena dingwaga di le masome a mane le borobabongwe: 20.3 * Bagolo ba ba dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano le go feta ba ba tshelang ka HIV: dikete di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano * Bomme ba ba dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano le go feta ba ba tshelang ka mogare wa HIV: dikete di le lekgolo le masome a matlhano * Bana ba ba kwa tlase ga ngwaga go tsena ba dingwaga tse di lesome le bone ba ba tshelang ka mogare wa HIV: dikete di le lesome le bone * Dintsho tse di bakiwang ke AIDS: dikete di le nne, le makgolo a robabobedi * Masiela ka ntlha ya AIDS ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga bongwe go tsena dingwaga di le lesome le bosupa: dikete di le masome a marataro le botlhano === Malaria === Go na le borai jo bontsi jwa [[malaria]] kwa bokone jwa Botswana, dikgaolo di tshwana le makgadikgadi a Okavango, go tswa ka Ngwanatsele go tsena Seetebosigo. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le boraro go ne go na le batho ba le makgolo a mane, masome a matlhano le borataro ba ba begilweng fa ba tsenwe ke bolwetsi joo; go ne go na le dintsho di supa mo go ba ba tlhomamisitsweng le ba ba belaelwang ba tsenwe ke malaria.<ref>[https://www.who.int/data/gho/legacy?lang=en "GHO | By country | Botswana - statistics summary (2002 - present)". ''WHO''.] Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> === Tlhaelo ya dikotla === Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa, 11.2% ya bana ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano mo Botswana ba ne ba tlhaela dikotla, e le palo ee oketsegileng go tswa kwa go 10.1% wa ngwaga wa dikete pedi. Ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya dikotla, 31.4% ya bana ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga bolthano ga ba gole sentle.<ref name=":3" /> UNICEF e akanyetsa fa ngwana a le mongwe mo go ba le batlhano a amusiwa ka lebele mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse thataro, 46% fela ya bana ba neelwa dijo gape ba amuiswa lebele ba le dikgwedi di le thataro go tsena di robabongwe. Mabaka a, a na le seabe mo palong e e kwa godimo ya go tlhoka go gola sentle le palo e e kwa goidmo ya dintsho tsa bana mo Botswana ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro, 18.9% ya palo ya batho mo Botswana ba ne ba le bakima mo go feteletseng, ka jalo lefatshe la nna mo maemong a lekgolo, lesome le bone a bokima mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref name=":1" /> === Kgotlholo e tona === Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe, palo ya dintsho tse di bakiwang ke kgotlholo e tona e ne e le masome a robabongwe le bosupa mo bathong ba lemdikete di le lekgolo. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano, palo ya dintsho tse di bakilweng ke kgotlholo e tona e ne e fokotsegile ka 76% go nna dintsho di le masome mabedi le bobedi mo bathong ba le dikete di le lekgolo; se se raya gore lefatshe la Botswana le fitlheletse nngwe ya dielo tsa borataro tsa Millenium Development.<ref>WHO (2015)</ref> === Segajaja sa Coronavirus (COVID-19) === Lefatshe la Botswana le nnile le batho ba le bararo ba ntlha go tlhomamisiwa fa ba na le mogare wa COVID-19 ka Mopitlo a le masome a mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le masome a mabedi, le loso lo le lengwe ka Mopitlo a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi.<ref>[https://iol.co.za/news/south-africa/botswana-registers-first-covid-19-cases-as-three-people-test-positive-45797335/ "Botswana registers first Covid-19 cases as three people test positive".] ''www.iol.co.za''. Retrieved 2026-07-09.</ref> Fa le tsibogela go anama ga mogare wa COVID-19, lefatshe la Botswana le ne la tswala melelwane yotlhe ya lone, beng gae fela e ne e le bone ba letlelelwang go tswa le go tsena. Beng gae ba ba neng ba tswa kwa mafatsheng a a nang le borai jo bo kwa godimo ba ne ba tsenngwa mo serubing ke puso malatsi a le lesome le bone kwa mafelong a a tlhomamisitsweng ke puso.<ref>[http://www.botswana.se/News/COVID-19-PRESS-RELEASE "Republic of Botswana ♦ Embassy in Stockholm, Sweden ♦".] ''www.botswana.se''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Puso e ne ya dira seemo sa tshoganyetso go simolola ka Moranang a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi go fitlhelela ba utlwa gape.<ref>[https://bw.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ "COVID-19 Information"]. ''U.S. Embassy in Botswana''. 2020-04-01. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> [[Mokgweetsi Masisi|Tautona Masisi]] o ne a bitsa seemo sa tshoganyetso sa dikgwedi tse thataro fa lefatshe le lebanwe ke go tlhagoga ga COVID-19. Ka Moranang a le malatsi a robabobedi ngwag wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi, matona a puso le mapalamente ba ne ba amega fa ba kopana le mmereki wa botsogo o o tsenweng ke mogare o wa COVID-19 fa a ba tlhatlhoela COVID-19. Ka jalo badira molao ba akaretsa tautona Masisi, ba ne ba tsena mo serubing.<ref>Mguni, Mbongeni (April 9, 2020). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-09/botswana-places-cabinet-parliament-in-quarantine-over-virus "Botswana Places Cabinet, Parliament in Quarantine Over Virus".] ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref> Ka Motsheganong a robabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi puso e ne ya simolola go fokotsa dikiletso tsa metsamao.<ref>[https://www.africanews.com/2020/07/03/botswana-president-in-self-isolation-after-namibia-trip// "Botswana coronavirus: road transport resumes, regulations gazetted".] ''Africa News''. 2020-05-10. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> == Go tshwaya diphoso == Le ntswa lefatshe la Botswana le na le babereki ba bantsi ba botsogo mo kgaolong nngwe le nngwe, bontsi ba kwa ditoropong. Lefatshe gape le itemogela palo e e kwa godimo ya ditiro tsa botsogo mo dikgaolong tse dintsi tsa lone. Lefatshe la Botswana le reteletswe ke go tshegetsa babereki ba botsogo ba ba ithutetseng tiro kwa mafatsheng a sele, selo se, se nnile le seabe mo palong e e kwa dimo ya ditiro.<ref name=":8">Nkomazana, Oathokwa (2014-11-21). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4564932/ "Human resources for health in Botswana: The results of in-country database and reports analysis".] ''African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine''. '''6''' (1): E1-8. doi:10.4102/phcfm.v6i1.716. PMC&nbsp;4564932. PMID&nbsp;26245420.</ref><ref name=":9">Nkomazana, Oathokwa (2015-08-18). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4564932/ "Stakeholders' Perceptions on Shortage of Healthcare Workers in Primary Healthcare in Botswana: Focus Group Discussions"]. ''African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine''. '''6''' (1): E1-8. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1035846N. doi:10.4102/phcfm.v6i1.716. PMC&nbsp;4564932. PMID&nbsp;26245420.</ref> Patlisiso ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bone ya babereki mo Botswana, e supile fa lefatshe le tshwanetse go simolola go kgatlha le go tshegetsa bareki ba botsogo ba mafatshe a sele fa le tsweletse ka go rotloetsa mananeo a thuto mo gae.<ref name=":8" /> Go itsa go tlhoka tekatekano mo ditirelong tsa botsogo, puso e tshwanetse go phatlalatsa babereki ka tsela e e tlaa thibang diphatlha tsa tiro.<ref name=":9" /> Patlisiso ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro e lemogile fa go ne go na le kamano gareng ga mooki le ngaka, le palo ya dintsho le go latedisa molwetsi. Ba ne ba lemoga fa go oketsa dingaka go na babedi eseng e nngwe mo bathong ba le dikete di le lesome go ka fokotsa kgonagalo ya loso ka 27%. Tharabololo e ba e beileng pele ke go anamisa babereki ba botsogo le lefatshe ka tekatekano, mo go tlaa fokotsang kgonagalo ya dintsho, fa puso e rarabolola bothata jo e nang le bone mo go tshegetseng babereki ba ba tswang kwa ntle le go tokafatsa mananeo a thuto mo gae.<ref>Mansoor, Farahani (2016-08-04). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4974006/ "Impact of Health System Inputs on Health Outcome: A Multilevel Longitudinal Analysis of Botswana National Antiretroviral Program (2002-2013)"]. ''PLOS ONE''. '''11''' (8) e0160206. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1160206F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160206. PMC&nbsp;4974006. PMID&nbsp;27490477.</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[HIV/AIDS mo Botswana]] * [[Dipatela mo Botswana]] * [[Segajaja sa Covid-19 mo Botswana|Segajaja sa COVID-19 mo Botswana]] * [[World Health Organisation|World Health Organization]] == Metswedi == 3g8gobgwvi96rsqau21pmhmhgbp86q3 52261 52233 2026-07-10T01:14:56Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52261 wikitext text/x-wiki Tsamaiso ya '''botsogo mo Botswana''' e ntse e tokafatsa le go atolosa mafaratlhatlha a yone gore e kgone go fitlhelelwa motlhofo. Maemo a lefatshe jaaka lefatshe le le nang le letseno le le kwa godimo fa gare, a dirile gore lefatshe le kgone go dira kgatelopele mo go tlameleng bontsi jwa batho ba Botswana ka tlhokomelo ya botsogo. Bontsi jwa banni ba Botswana ba ba didikadike di le pedi le dikete di le tharo jaanong ba nna mo sekgelengb sa dikhilomithara di le tlhano go tswa kwa kokelong kgotsa kokelwana ya botsogo.<ref name=":0">[https://www.unicef.org/botswana/health-and-nutrition "Health and nutrition".] ''www.unicef.org''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Ka ntlha ya se, go tlhokafala ga masea le bomme ka nako ya pelegi go ile kwa tlase.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana "Africa :: Botswana — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency"]. ''www.cia.gov''. Archived from [https://www.cia.gov/stories/story/spotlighting-the-world-factbook-as-we-bid-a-fond-farewell/ the original] on January 9, 2021. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Go tokafala ga mafaratlhatlha a botsogo mo lefatsheng le gape go bontshistwe ka koketsego ya palo ya boleele jwa botshelo go tswa kwa nako ya fa ngwana a belegwa, e ka nna bana bolthe ba ba belegelwang mo dikokelong.<ref name=":0" /> Go kgona go tlamelwa ka tsa botsogo ga go a fedisa mathata otlhe a lefatshe a botsogo, jaaka mafatshe a mantsi go kagbaganya [[Aferika|Aforika]], lefatshe la [[Botswana]] le santse le itemogela dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa bolwetsi jwa HIV/AIDS le malwetsi a mangwe a a tshelanwang. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le boraro, 25% ya banni ba Botswana e ne e amilwe ke mogare wa HIV/AIDS.<ref name=":2">[https://www.beintheknow.org/understanding-hiv-epidemic/data "HIV and Aids in Botswana".] ''Avert''. AVERT International HIV & Aids Charity. 2020-04-23. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana gape le na le dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa tlhaelo dikotla mo baneng ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano mo go bakileng matshwenyego a mangwe a botsogo a tshwana le letshololo le go tlhoka go gola sentle.<ref name=":3">[https://globalnutritionreport.org/resources/nutrition-profiles/ "Botswana Nutrition Profile".] ''Global Nutrition Report''. 2020-02-17. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> == Mafaratlhatlha a botsogo == Lefatshe la Botswana le neela banni botlhe ba Botswana tlhokomelo ya botsogo ka mafaratlhatlha a botsogo a puso, mafaratlhatlha a botsogo a a ikemetseng le one a teng. Puso e okametse 98% ya dikokelo tsa botsogo. Tlhokomelo ya botsogo mo Botswana, e neelwa ka mokgwa o o kgaogantsweng ka tlhokomelo ya botsogo<ref>''Healthcare management''. Kieran Walshe, Judith Smith (Third&nbsp;ed.). London. 2016. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-335-26352-3|978-0-335-26352-3]]</bdi>. OCLC&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/961878358 961878358.]</ref><ref>''Association of medicine and psychiatry primary care psychiatry''. Robert M. McCarron (Second&nbsp;ed.). Philadelphia. 2019. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4963-4921-7|978-1-4963-4921-7]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/1088810484 1088810484.]</ref> ya motheo e le yone tsamaiso kgolo ya botsogo. Lefatshe la Botswana le na le mafaratlhatlha a tseneletseng a botsogo (dipatela, dikokelo, dikokelwana, le tse di tsamayang) mo dikgaolong tse di masome mabedi le bosupa. Fa godimo ga dikokelo di le lekgolo le bone tse di nang le malao, di le lekgolo masome a robabongwe le botlhano tse di senang malao, dikokelwana di le makgolo a mararo, masome a mararo le borobabobedi le tse di tsamayang di le makgolo a robabobedi, masome a mane le bone, ditirelo tsa botsogo jwa motheo mo Botswana di amantswe le ditirelo tse dingwe tsa sepatela, di neelwa mo dikarolong tsa balwetsi ba ba sa robadiwang.<ref name=":4">[http://www.statsbots.org.bw/health "Health".] ''Statistics Botswana''. 2016-05-09. Retrieved 2026-09-07.</ref> Ke ka ditsamaiso tse gore a bo ditirelo tsa go thibela, go rotloetsa le go fodisa le tlhokomelo di neelwang. Go tla go itekodisa, banni ba Botswana ba lopiwa madi a a kanang ka dipula tse tlhano, kwa ntle ga ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano kgotsa tse di fetileng masome a marataro le botlhano, ba bone ba lekodisiwang go sa lopiwe sepe. Mafaratlhatlha a dipatela tsa puso a rulagantswe fa gare ga dipatela tsa motheo, tse di berekang jaaka dipatela tsa malwetsi otlhe, di na le ditsompelo tsa go alafa malwetsi a a farologaneng le matshosetsi a botsogo, dipatela tsa dikgaolo, tse di nang le malao a mantsi di na le di tlamelo tsa go alafa malwetsi a a masisi, le dipatela tse go romelwang batho ke dingaka tse dingwe kwa go tsone, tse di nang le ditlamo tsa go alafa malwetsi a a rileng. Go na le dipatela tse di ikemetseng di le pedi mo lefatsheng leo. Puso e dulelela kalafi ya balwetsi ba ba romelwang kwa mafatsheng a sele go bona kalafi.<ref>''The State of Nursing and Nursing Education in Africa: A Country-by-country Review'', [[:en:Sigma_Theta_Tau|Sigma Theta Tau]] (2012)</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250322153533/https://www.moh.gov.bw/hospitals1.html "Ministry Of Health & Wellness, Botswana".] ''www.moh.gov.bw''.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140803005024/http://www.aho.afro.who.int/profiles_information/index.php/Botswana:The_Health_System "Botswana:The Health System - AHO".] ''www.aho.afro.who.int''. Archived from [https://aho.afro.who.int/profiles_information/index.php/Botswana:The_Health_System the original] on August 3, 2014.</ref> == Ditlamelo tsa botsogo == === Ditshenyegelo tsa botsogo === Ditshenyegelo tsotlhe tsa Botswana mo botsogong ke 5.4% ya dipoelo kgotsa di dolara di le makgolo a robabobedi, masome a supa le motso motho a le mongwe.<ref name=":4" /> Mo dingwageng tse tlhano ste di fitileng, lekgotla la UNICEF le akanyetsa fa puso e abetse 11% wa kabo ya madi yotlhe mo ditirelong tsa botsogo.<ref name=":0" /> Mo patlisisong e e dirilweng ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro ke porojeke ya molao wa botsogo, go lemogilwe f puso ya Botswana e duela 5% ya madi otlhe a a dirisetswang tsa botsogo mo lefatsheng leo. Bontsi jwa madi ao a tswa mo dipoelong tsa ditswammung mo go rayang gore puso e ne e sa tlhoke go ntsha madi a lekgetho mo go tsa botsogo. 39% wa madi a botsogo o ne a tswa mo dikomponeng le batho ba ba ikemetseng, ba ba abang madi ba dira 7 % fela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220123022630/https://www.healthpolicyproject.com/pubs/7887/Botswana_HFP.pdf "Health Financing Profile, Botswana"] (PDF). ''Health Policy Project''. May 2016. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Mo ditsong, bontsi jwa madi a botsogo kwa Botswana bo ne bo tswa mo bathong ba ba abang madi e le maiteko a mafatshefatshe a go emisa go anama ga HIV/AIDS mo Aforika. Mo dingwageng tsa mo bosheng, madi a, a fokotsegile ka maiteko a mafatshefatshe a go fedisa go anama ga HIV/AIDS a fokotsegile, lefatshe la Botswana le okeditse dipoelo tsa lone. Lenaneo la ga tautona la potlako la go imolola AIDS (PEPFAR) le fokoditse madi a le a abang go tswa kwa didikadikeng di le masome a robabongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome go ya kwa didikadikeng tsa di dolara di le masome a mane ka nwgaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro, madi a ne a fokodiwa gape go nna di dolara di le didikadike di le makgolo a mararo le botlhano ka seelo se se beilweng sa go tsweledisa go fokotsa seelo ka didikadike di lelesome ka ngwaga.<ref>Cooke, Jennifer (2012-11-30). [https://www.csis.org/analysis/competing-pressures-us-pepfar-botswana "Competing Pressures for U.S. PEPFAR in Botswana"]. ''Center For Strategic and International Studies''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> == Babereki == [[Setshwantsho:Princess Marina Hospital - Administration Building.jpg|thumb|Sepatela sa Princess Marina]] Dingaka tsa Botswana ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro di ne di le 0.37 mo bathong ba le sekete.<ref name=":1" /> === Batlamedi ba botsogo mo maranyaneng === * Khansele ya Botswana ya batho ba ba tlamelang mo go tsa botsogo ga e na batho ba tlamelang mo go tsa botsogo mo maranyaneng * Medpages: go senka batho ba botsogo ka tatelano le kgaolo go letla go batla batho ba botsogo ka leina kgotsa ka se ba itebagantseng le sone mo go tsa botsogo == Dipatela == Lefatshe la Botswana le na dipatela di le masome mabedi le borataro go anama lefatshe tse di leng bontlha jwa mafaratlhatlha a a kgaogantsweng gararo a okametswe ke lepghata la botsogo. Mafaratlhatlha a ntlha a na le dipatela di le lesome le borataro kwa magaeng tse sengwe le sengwe sa tsone se tlamelang batho ba palo e e sa feteng dikete di le lesome. Sepatela sengwe le sengwe se na le malao a le masome mabedi go tsena a le masome a supa. Mafaratlhatlha a bobedi a na le dipatela tsa kgaolo di le supa kwa magaeng a magolwane le ditoropo. Di na le malao a ka nna masome a supa le motso go tsena a le makgolo a mabedi, le masome a matlhano. Mafaratlhatlha a boraro a na le dipatela tse dingaak di romelang balwetsi kwa go tsone di le tharo tse di lebaganang le malwetsi a a faphegileng.<ref>Seitio-Kgokgwe, Onalenna; Gauld, Robin DC; Hill, Philip C; Barnett, Pauline (2014-09-13). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4181967 "Assessing performance of Botswana's public hospital system: the use of the World Health Organization Health System Performance Assessment Framework".] ''International Journal of Health Policy and Management''. '''3''' (4): 179–189. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2883_607.html 10.15171/ijhpm.2014.85.] [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:2322-5939 2322-5939]. [[:en:PubMed_Central#PMCID|PMC]]&nbsp;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4181967/ 4181967]. [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25279380/ 25279380.]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome, dipatela tsa Botswana di ne di na le malao a le 1.8 mo bathong ba le sekete.<ref name=":1" /> == Seemo sa botsogo == === Boleele jwa botshelo === Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi, boleele jwa botshelo go simolola ka nako ya pelegi kwa Botswana e ne e le dingwaga di le masome a marataro le bone mo go borre le masome a marataro le borobabobedi mo go bomme.<ref name=":4" /> Kgonagalo ya go tlhokafala o le ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le tlhano ke masome a mararo le borataro mo dipeleging di le sekete tsa bana ba ba tshedileng. Go ya ka UNICEF, dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa dipelegi tsa kwa dipateleng le palo e e kwa godimo ya dintsho tsa bana di supa tlhaelo ya tlhokomelo ya maemo a a kwa godimo ya bomma bana le masea fa ba tswa mo sepatela.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">[https://data.unicef.org/country/bwa/ "Botswana (BWA) - Demographics, Health & Infant Mortality".] ''UNICEF DATA''. Retrieved 2026-07-09.</ref> Kgonagalo ya go tlhokafala o le dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano go tsena dingwaga di le masome a marataro e ne e le makgolo a mabedi, masome a robabongwe le bone mo go borre ba le sekete le makgolo a mabedi le borobabobedi mo go bomme ba le sekete.<ref name=":4" /> === Seelo sa pelegi === Seelo sa pelegi mo Botswana e ne e le dipelegi di le masome a mabedi mo bathong ba le sekete ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le masome a mabedi, se se dira gore e nne lefatshe la masome a supa le bobedi ka tsholo mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref name=":1" /> === Botsogo jwa bomme le masea === Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi, didikadike di le 0.5 (26%) ya Botswana, e ne e akanyediwa fa didikadike di le pedi tsa batho ba Botswana e le bomme ba dingwaga tsa pelegi; ka jalo seelo sa tsholo e ne e le 2.6 ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bobedi.<ref>[https://www.unfpa.org/sowmy "State of the World's Midwifery 2014 | UNFPA - United Nations Population Fund"]. ''www.unfpa.org''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Seelo sa dintsho tsa bomme ka nako ya pelegi kwa Botswana e ne e le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano; se se tshwantshiwa le palo e o gabedi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe, fa seelo sa dintsho tsa bomme ka nako ya pelegi e neng e le makgolo a mabedi, masome a mane le boraro.<ref>[https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/sdg-target-3-1-maternal-mortality#B "Maternal mortality country profiles".] ''World Health Organization''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe go stena dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano, go ne go na le phokotsego ya 47% ya dintsho tsa bomme ka nako ya pelegi, se ke palo e ekwa tlase ka 75% wa seelo se se neng se beilwe. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano, Botswana o ne a le mo maemong a masome a matlhano le botlhano mo mafatshenga le lekgolo, masome a robabongwe le boraro mo lefatsheng ka bophara, ka seelo sa go tlhokafala ga bana; go ne go na le dintsho di ka nna masome a mane le bone mo baneng ba le sekete ba ba tshedileng ka nako ya pelegi (palo e, e lekana le bana ba le dikete pedi ba ba tlhokafalang ba le dingwaga di le kwa tlase ga botlhano).<ref name=":5" /> Le ntswa e le kwa godimo, se e ne e le tokafalo go tswa kwa ngwageng wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe - fa seelo sa dintsho tsa bana e ne e le masome a matlhano le bone. Dipalo tsa UNICEF tsa mo bosheng di supa fa seelo sa Botswana sa dintsho tsa bana ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga Botswana jaanong e le masome a mararo le borataro. Le ntswa seelo sa dintsho tsa bana mo Botswana se le kwa godimo, se kwa tlase ga mafatshe ka bontsi mo Aforika, se se raya gore go itekanela ga bana go kwa godimo mo Botswana go gaisa bonts jwa mafatshe mo Aforika. Botswana ke lefatshe le le nang le dipoelo tse di kwa godimo fa gare le na le palo e potlana ya batho. Palo ya dintsho tsa masea mo Botswana le yone e ile kwa tlase mo dingwageng di le lesome le botlhano; ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe seelo sa dintsho tsa masea e ne ele masome a mane le bobedi, palo e e fokotsegile go nna masome a mararo le botlhano ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le botlhano. Kakanyetso ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le masome a mabedi ya CIA World Factbook e lemogile fa palo ya dintsho tsa pelegi mo Botswana e le 28.6 mo bathong ba le sekete. Masea a basimane a tlhokafala ka seelo sa 29.2 mo seketeng ba basetsana ba le 24.4 mo seketeng. Lefatshe la Botswana le mo maemong a masome a marataro le borataro mo lefatsheng ka bophara go ya ka CIA World Factbook.<ref name=":1" /> === Go thibela pelegi === Go ya UNFPA, 52.8% ya bomme ba ne ba dirisa dithibedi tsa pelegi tsa sesha ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro.<ref>[https://botswana.unfpa.org/en/news/botswana-introduces-contraceptive-implants "UNFPA Botswana | Botswana introduces contraceptive implants".] ''botswana.unfpa.org''. 5 September 2016. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> == Mathata a a tlwaelesegileng a botsogo == === Letshololo mo baneng ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano === Letshololo le tlhalosiwa e le go ntsha boloko jwa setho jo bo repileng gararo kgotsa go feta ka letsatsi (kgotsa go ya go itlhoma kgapetsa kgapetsa mo go sa tlwaelesegang).<ref>[https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease "Diarrhoeal disease".] ''www.who.int''. Retrieved 2026-07-09.</ref> Batho ba ba tshwaeditsweng ka letshololo ba tsholola gararo ka letsatsi kgotsa gangwe le gape go gaisa jaaka go tlwaelesegile mo bathong ba ba sa amegang.<ref name=":6">Wardlaw, Tessa; Salama, Peter; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Chopra, Mickey; Mason, Elizabeth (March 2010). "Diarrhoea: why children are still dying and what can be done". ''The Lancet''. '''375''' (9718): 870–872. doi:[https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673609617980 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61798-0]. ISSN[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0140-6736 &nbsp;0140-6736.] PMID&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19833382/ 19833382]. S2CID&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29645246 29645246].</ref> Gompieno, letshololo e santse e le lengwe la mabaka a magolo a a bakang dintsho le malwetse mo lefatsheng ka bophara,<ref>Pr??ss-??st??n, Annette; Corval??n, Carlos (January 2007). [https://www.ovid.com/jnls/epidem/abstract/10.1097/01.ede.0000239647.26389.80~how-much-disease-burden-can-be-prevented-by-environmental?redirectionsource=fulltextview "How Much Disease Burden can be Prevented by Environmental Interventions?".] ''Epidemiology''. '''18''' (1): 167–178. doi:[https://www.ovid.com/jnls/epidem/abstract/10.1097/01.ede.0000239647.26389.80~how-much-disease-burden-can-be-prevented-by-environmental?redirectionsource=fulltextview 10.1097/01.ede.0000239647.26389.80]. ISSN&nbsp;1044-3983. PMID&nbsp;16971860. S2CID&nbsp;[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/022cae94d61ea2ca59c1014a11a49c1cae8abcf4 33669179.]</ref> fa godimo ga foo, le supiwa fa e le lebaka la bobedi la dintsho mo baneng ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano, morago ga pneumonia, se se dira gore le bake dintsho tse di fetang tse di bakiwang ke HIV, mmokwane le malaria di kopantswe mo setlhopheng sa dingwaga tse.<ref>Fischer Walker, Christa L.; Aryee, Martin J.; Boschi-Pinto, Cynthia; Black, Robert E. (2012-01-03). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3250411/ "Estimating Diarrhea Mortality among Young Children in Low and Middle Income Countries"]. ''PLOS ONE''. '''7''' (1) e29151. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...729151F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029151. ISSN&nbsp;1932-6203. PMC&nbsp;3250411. PMID&nbsp;22235266.</ref> Lekgotla la [[World Health Organisation]] (WHO) le akanyeditse fa bana ba ka nna didikadike di robabongwe ba ba ka fa talse ga dingwaga steo ba tlhokafala ngwaga le ngwaga,<ref name=":6" /> mo go bone ba le didikadike di le nne e le ka ntlha ya letshololo, ba le didikadike di le pedi le dikete tse pedi e le malwetsi a a amanang le lesthololo, bontsi jwa bana ba bannye ba tswa mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologang.<ref>Arvelo, Wences; Kim, Andrea; Creek, Tracy; Legwaila, Ketumetse; Puhr, Nancy; Johnston, Stephanie; Masunge, Japhter; Davis, Margarett; Mintz, Eric; Bowen, Anna (November 2010). [https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1201971210024574 "Case–control study to determine risk factors for diarrhea among children during a large outbreak in a country with a high prevalence of HIV infection".] ''International Journal of Infectious Diseases''. '''14''' (11): e1002–e1007. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2010.06.014. ISSN&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1201-9712 1201-9712]. PMID&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20932791/ 20932791.]</ref> Tlhotlheletso ya letshololo mo lefatsheng lotlhe e masisi thata go kgabaganya Aforika, ka ntlha ya go nna kwa godimo ga HIV.<ref name=":7">Popoola, Tosin; Mchunu, Gugu (May 2015). "Application of PRECEDE-PROCEED model to tackle problems identified with diarrhoea burden among under-5s in Botswana". ''International Journal of Nursing Practice''. '''21''': 67–70. doi:[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijn.12328 10.1111/ijn.12328]. ISSN&nbsp;1322-7114. PMID&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26125574/ 26125574.]</ref> Thibelo ya letshololo mo kgaolong e, ke kgwetlho mo botsogong ka metswedi ya yone e e mentsi, jaaka go amusa ga bomme ba ba nang le mogare wa HIV, go tlhoka go itshetlela ga phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, le go tlhoka go baakanya bophepa jwa setshaba, se se supa bolthokwa jwa go tlhaloganya mokgwa wa bolwetse le methale ya go rarabolola bothata jo. Dipatlisiso di supa fa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borataro go tsena dikete pedi le lesome le motso go ne go na le bana ba ba amilweng ke letshololo ba le dikete di le lekgolo, masome a supa le motso, makgolo a mabedi, masome a robabobedi mo Botswana, mme ga baka dintsho tsa bana ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano<ref name=":7" /> ba le sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mabedi. Maduo a, a magolo ka batho botlhe mo Botswana ba feta didkadike di le pedi fela,<ref name=":7" /> gape lefatshe leo le na le palo e e kwa godimo ya batho ba ba amilweng ke mogare wa HIV lefatshe ka bophara, ba akanyediwa go na 17% ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi.<ref>Alexander, KA; Blackburn, JK (2013-08-26). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3765974/ "Overcoming barriers in evaluating outbreaks of diarrheal disease in resource poor settings: assessment of recurrent outbreaks in Chobe District, Botswana"]. ''BMC Public Health''. '''13''' (1): 775. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-775. ISSN&nbsp;1471-2458. PMC&nbsp;3765974. PMID&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23971427/ 23971427].</ref> Seemo se, se beile ba ba amegileng ka fa mosing wa go tsenwa ke malwetsi a a tshelanwang le letshololo. === HIV/AIDS === 20.3% ya bagolo ba Botswana ba ba dingwaga di lesome le botlhano go tsena dingwaga tse di masome a mane le borobabongwe ba na le mogare wa [[HIV/AIDS mo Botswana|HIV/AIDS]]. Se ke phokotsego mo 25% ya palo ya batho ba Botswana ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le boraro. Lefatshe la Botswana le mo maemong a bone a dipalo ste dintsi tsa HIV mo lefatsheng ka bophara, le sala morago la [[Aforika Borwa]], [[Lesotho]] le [[Eswatini]].<ref name=":2" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi, lefatshe la Botswana le ne le na le batho ba le dikete di robabobedi, makgolo a matlhano ba ba tsenweng ke bolwetsi mo bosheng, le dintsho di le dikete di le nne le makgolo a robabobedi tse di bakilwengke HIV/AIDS, e le kwelo tlase mo palong e e kwa godimo ya dikete di le lesome le borobabobedi tsa dintsho ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bobedi.<ref name=":2" /> === Kalafi e e sa duelelweng ya di-antiretroviral === Lefatshe la Botswana e ne e le lone la ntlha go kgabaganya [[Aferika|Aforika]] go neela batho ba ba fitlhetsweng ka mogare wa HIV/AIDS kalafi ya mafala ya di antiretroviral.<ref name=":1" /> Ka jalo, ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi, 85% ya bagolo le 38% ya bana ba ba tshelang ka mogare wa HIV/AIDS ba ne ba le mo kalafing e.<ref name=":2" /> === Go tlhoka tekatekano mo go bomme === Bomme ba tswa kgakala ba amiwa ke HIV/AIDS go fetisa borre kwa Botswana. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro, palo ya bomme ba ba amilweng ke HIV/AIDS e ne e le 26.3%. Borre ba dingwaga tseo ba ba amilweng ke HIV/AIDS ba ne ba le 17.6%.<ref name=":2" /> Go tlhakanela dikobo ba santse ba le bannye, go patelediwa go nyalwa le kgokgontsho ya bong, di dirile gore bomme mo Botswana ba aramele mosi wa HIV/AIDS. Puso ya Botswana e dirile maiteko a go rarabolola go tlhoka tekatekano mo ka go oketsa ditirelo tsa bomme ba ba botlana, go beeletsa mo itsholelong ya go nonotsha bomme le mananeo a go thibela HIV a basetsana.<ref name=":2" /> === Dikakanyetso tsa HIV/AIDS ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi === Motswedi:<ref>[https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/botswana "Botswana"]. ''www.unaids.org''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> * Bagolo le bana ba ba tshelang ka mogare wa HIV: dikete di le makgolo a mararo le masome a supa * Bagolo ba ba dingwaga di lesome le botlhano go tsena dingwaga di le masome a mane le borobabongwe: 20.3 * Bagolo ba ba dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano le go feta ba ba tshelang ka HIV: dikete di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano * Bomme ba ba dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano le go feta ba ba tshelang ka mogare wa HIV: dikete di le lekgolo le masome a matlhano * Bana ba ba kwa tlase ga ngwaga go tsena ba dingwaga tse di lesome le bone ba ba tshelang ka mogare wa HIV: dikete di le lesome le bone * Dintsho tse di bakiwang ke AIDS: dikete di le nne, le makgolo a robabobedi * Masiela ka ntlha ya AIDS ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga bongwe go tsena dingwaga di le lesome le bosupa: dikete di le masome a marataro le botlhano === Malaria === Go na le borai jo bontsi jwa [[malaria]] kwa bokone jwa Botswana, dikgaolo di tshwana le makgadikgadi a Okavango, go tswa ka Ngwanatsele go tsena Seetebosigo. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le boraro go ne go na le batho ba le makgolo a mane, masome a matlhano le borataro ba ba begilweng fa ba tsenwe ke bolwetsi joo; go ne go na le dintsho di supa mo go ba ba tlhomamisitsweng le ba ba belaelwang ba tsenwe ke malaria.<ref>[https://www.who.int/data/gho/legacy?lang=en "GHO | By country | Botswana - statistics summary (2002 - present)". ''WHO''.] Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> === Tlhaelo ya dikotla === Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa, 11.2% ya bana ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano mo Botswana ba ne ba tlhaela dikotla, e le palo ee oketsegileng go tswa kwa go 10.1% wa ngwaga wa dikete pedi. Ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya dikotla, 31.4% ya bana ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga bolthano ga ba gole sentle.<ref name=":3" /> UNICEF e akanyetsa fa ngwana a le mongwe mo go ba le batlhano a amusiwa ka lebele mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse thataro, 46% fela ya bana ba neelwa dijo gape ba amuiswa lebele ba le dikgwedi di le thataro go tsena di robabongwe. Mabaka a, a na le seabe mo palong e e kwa godimo ya go tlhoka go gola sentle le palo e e kwa goidmo ya dintsho tsa bana mo Botswana ba ba dingwaga di kwa tlase ga botlhano.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro, 18.9% ya palo ya batho mo Botswana ba ne ba le bakima mo go feteletseng, ka jalo lefatshe la nna mo maemong a lekgolo, lesome le bone a bokima mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref name=":1" /> === Kgotlholo e tona === Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe, palo ya dintsho tse di bakiwang ke kgotlholo e tona e ne e le masome a robabongwe le bosupa mo bathong ba lemdikete di le lekgolo. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano, palo ya dintsho tse di bakilweng ke kgotlholo e tona e ne e fokotsegile ka 76% go nna dintsho di le masome mabedi le bobedi mo bathong ba le dikete di le lekgolo; se se raya gore lefatshe la Botswana le fitlheletse nngwe ya dielo tsa borataro tsa Millenium Development.<ref>WHO (2015)</ref> === Segajaja sa Coronavirus (COVID-19) === Lefatshe la Botswana le nnile le batho ba le bararo ba ntlha go tlhomamisiwa fa ba na le mogare wa COVID-19 ka Mopitlo a le masome a mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi, le masome a mabedi, le loso lo le lengwe ka Mopitlo a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi.<ref>[https://iol.co.za/news/south-africa/botswana-registers-first-covid-19-cases-as-three-people-test-positive-45797335/ "Botswana registers first Covid-19 cases as three people test positive".] ''www.iol.co.za''. Retrieved 2026-07-09.</ref> Fa le tsibogela go anama ga mogare wa COVID-19, lefatshe la Botswana le ne la tswala melelwane yotlhe ya lone, beng gae fela e ne e le bone ba letlelelwang go tswa le go tsena. Beng gae ba ba neng ba tswa kwa mafatsheng a a nang le borai jo bo kwa godimo ba ne ba tsenngwa mo serubing ke puso malatsi a le lesome le bone kwa mafelong a a tlhomamisitsweng ke puso.<ref>[http://www.botswana.se/News/COVID-19-PRESS-RELEASE "Republic of Botswana ♦ Embassy in Stockholm, Sweden ♦".] ''www.botswana.se''. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> Puso e ne ya dira seemo sa tshoganyetso go simolola ka Moranang a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi go fitlhelela ba utlwa gape.<ref>[https://bw.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ "COVID-19 Information"]. ''U.S. Embassy in Botswana''. 2020-04-01. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> [[Mokgweetsi Masisi|Tautona Masisi]] o ne a bitsa seemo sa tshoganyetso sa dikgwedi tse thataro fa lefatshe le lebanwe ke go tlhagoga ga COVID-19. Ka Moranang a le malatsi a robabobedi ngwag wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi, matona a puso le mapalamente ba ne ba amega fa ba kopana le mmereki wa botsogo o o tsenweng ke mogare o wa COVID-19 fa a ba tlhatlhoela COVID-19. Ka jalo badira molao ba akaretsa tautona Masisi, ba ne ba tsena mo serubing.<ref>Mguni, Mbongeni (April 9, 2020). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-09/botswana-places-cabinet-parliament-in-quarantine-over-virus "Botswana Places Cabinet, Parliament in Quarantine Over Virus".] ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref> Ka Motsheganong a robabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi puso e ne ya simolola go fokotsa dikiletso tsa metsamao.<ref>[https://www.africanews.com/2020/07/03/botswana-president-in-self-isolation-after-namibia-trip// "Botswana coronavirus: road transport resumes, regulations gazetted".] ''Africa News''. 2020-05-10. Retrieved 2026-07-09</ref> == Go tshwaya diphoso == Le ntswa lefatshe la Botswana le na le babereki ba bantsi ba botsogo mo kgaolong nngwe le nngwe, bontsi ba kwa ditoropong. Lefatshe gape le itemogela palo e e kwa godimo ya ditiro tsa botsogo mo dikgaolong tse dintsi tsa lone. Lefatshe la Botswana le reteletswe ke go tshegetsa babereki ba botsogo ba ba ithutetseng tiro kwa mafatsheng a sele, selo se, se nnile le seabe mo palong e e kwa dimo ya ditiro.<ref name=":8">Nkomazana, Oathokwa (2014-11-21). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4564932/ "Human resources for health in Botswana: The results of in-country database and reports analysis".] ''African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine''. '''6''' (1): E1-8. doi:10.4102/phcfm.v6i1.716. PMC&nbsp;4564932. PMID&nbsp;26245420.</ref><ref name=":9">Nkomazana, Oathokwa (2015-08-18). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4564932/ "Stakeholders' Perceptions on Shortage of Healthcare Workers in Primary Healthcare in Botswana: Focus Group Discussions"]. ''African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine''. '''6''' (1): E1-8. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1035846N. doi:10.4102/phcfm.v6i1.716. PMC&nbsp;4564932. PMID&nbsp;26245420.</ref> Patlisiso ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bone ya babereki mo Botswana, e supile fa lefatshe le tshwanetse go simolola go kgatlha le go tshegetsa bareki ba botsogo ba mafatshe a sele fa le tsweletse ka go rotloetsa mananeo a thuto mo gae.<ref name=":8" /> Go itsa go tlhoka tekatekano mo ditirelong tsa botsogo, puso e tshwanetse go phatlalatsa babereki ka tsela e e tlaa thibang diphatlha tsa tiro.<ref name=":9" /> Patlisiso ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borataro e lemogile fa go ne go na le kamano gareng ga mooki le ngaka, le palo ya dintsho le go latedisa molwetsi. Ba ne ba lemoga fa go oketsa dingaka go na babedi eseng e nngwe mo bathong ba le dikete di le lesome go ka fokotsa kgonagalo ya loso ka 27%. Tharabololo e ba e beileng pele ke go anamisa babereki ba botsogo le lefatshe ka tekatekano, mo go tlaa fokotsang kgonagalo ya dintsho, fa puso e rarabolola bothata jo e nang le bone mo go tshegetseng babereki ba ba tswang kwa ntle le go tokafatsa mananeo a thuto mo gae.<ref>Mansoor, Farahani (2016-08-04). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4974006/ "Impact of Health System Inputs on Health Outcome: A Multilevel Longitudinal Analysis of Botswana National Antiretroviral Program (2002-2013)"]. ''PLOS ONE''. '''11''' (8) e0160206. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1160206F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160206. PMC&nbsp;4974006. PMID&nbsp;27490477.</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[HIV/AIDS mo Botswana]] * [[Dipatela mo Botswana]] * [[Segajaja sa Covid-19 mo Botswana|Segajaja sa COVID-19 mo Botswana]] * [[World Health Organisation|World Health Organization]] == Metswedi == 6hhjecb5y5krsfcrri10x26l9pjb3km Sepatela sa Sekgoma Memorial 0 14349 52223 2026-07-09T12:03:42Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Sepatela sa Sekgoma Memorial #Setswana Knowledge Activation 52223 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sepatela sa Sekgoma Memorial''' ke sepatela sa puso sa kgaolo se se kwa [[Serowe]], toropo e e kwa kgaolong ya legare kwa [[Botswana]]. Ke lefelo la kgwebo le thekiso, ke motse o motona go fetisa e mengwe yotlhe mo Botswana, o humile ditso tsa Botswana.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225513/http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/destination/serowe "Largest village in Botswana".] Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref> == Ditso == Sepatela se agilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mararo le borobabobedi. Se mo tseleng ya [[Palapye]]-[[Serowe]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130507121923/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/ "Location of Sekgoma hospital".] Archived from the original on 7 May 2013. Retrieved 09 July 2206</ref> Sepatela se agilwe sesha ke Murray and Roberts (e gompieno e itsegeng ka leina la Concor) ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano. == Metswedi == rbf6056mvuzrbdqsopuiqi0gsfpy0k5 Sepatela sa Letsholathebe II Memorial 0 14350 52224 2026-07-09T12:11:38Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Sepatela sa Letsholathebe II Memorial #Setswana Knowledge Activation 52224 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sepatela sa Letsholathebe Memorial''' ke sepatela sa puso sa kgaolo se se kwa [[Maun]], ke toropo ya botlhano ka botona mo [[Botswana]]. Mo ngwageng wa dikete pedi, lesome le motso, toropo e, e ne e na le palo ya batho ba le dikete di le masome a matlhano le botlhano, makgolo a supa, masome a robabobedi le bone. Maun ke toropokgolo ya bojanala ya Botswana gape ke lefelo la botsamaisi la kgaolo ya [[Ngamiland]]. == Ditso == Sepatela sa Letsholathebe Memorial se tlhomilwe ke [[puso ya Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi, kgwedi ya Lwetse.<ref>[https://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/ "Establishment of Letsholathebe Memorial Hospital".] Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref> Lefelo le le tlamela setshaba mo Botswana. Se bereka se le mo bookameding jwa ga Mr. Richard Kambinda o e leng ene tlhogo ya tsa botsogo kwa go sone.<ref>[https://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/ "CMO Letsholathebe Hospital"]. ''Botswana Ministry of Health''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref> == Metswedi == dqnw16gvg82sit0p9x2zglbicquhomv Sepatela sa Maun 0 14351 52225 2026-07-09T12:44:32Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Sepatela sa Maun General #Setswana Knowledge Activation 52225 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sepatela sa Maun General''' ke sepatela sa puso sa kgaolo, se se kwa [[Maun]],<ref>"[https://www.medpages.info/sf/index.php?page=organisation&orgcode=150007 Maun General Hospital]". ''Medpages''. Retrieved 9 July 2026.</ref> toropo ya botlhano ka botona mo [[Botswana]]. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le motso, e ne e na le palo ya batho ba le dikete di le masome a matlhano le botlhano, makgolo a supa, masome a robabobedi le bone. Maun ke toropokgolo ya bojanala mo Botswana gape ke lone lefelo la botsamaisi la kgaolo ya [[Ngamiland]]. Se le dikhilomithara di le lesome go tswa kwa [[Sepatela sa Letsholathebe II Memorial|sepateleng sa Letsholathebe II Memorial]], sepatela sa Maun se ne sa tlhabololwa go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2017 se ne se tshwanetse go fediwa ka 2018.<ref name=":0">[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/90376 "Maun Hospital set for completion next year".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 9 July 2026.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, ka ntlha ya go retelelwa ke go tshwara nako e e beilweng ga kompone e e neng e neetswe tiro, jaanong se tlaa fediwa mo ngwageng wa madi wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro le ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bosupa ka madi a pula a a kanang ka didikadike di le masome mabedi le bosupa.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == dm5nzhr2s2di0ajbyesxf8275qbe0lg 52234 52225 2026-07-09T15:41:59Z Lucrucia98 12161 52234 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sepatela sa Maun General''' ke sepatela sa puso sa kgaolo, se se kwa [[Maun]],<ref>"[https://www.medpages.info/sf/index.php?page=organisation&orgcode=150007 Maun General Hospital]". ''Medpages''. Retrieved 9 July 2026.</ref> toropo ya botlhano ka botona mo [[Botswana]]. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le motso, e ne e na le palo ya batho ba le dikete di le masome a matlhano le botlhano, makgolo a supa, masome a robabobedi le bone. Maun ke toropokgolo ya bojanala mo Botswana gape ke lone lefelo la botsamaisi la kgaolo ya [[Ngamiland]]. Se le dikhilomithara di le lesome go tswa kwa [[Sepatela sa Letsholathebe II Memorial|sepateleng sa Letsholathebe II Memorial]], sepatela sa Maun se ne sa tlhabololwa go simolola ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017) se ne se tshwanetse go fediwa ka 2018.<ref name=":0">[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/90376 "Maun Hospital set for completion next year".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Retrieved 9 July 2026.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, ka ntlha ya go retelelwa ke go tshwara nako e e beilweng ga kompone e e neng e neetswe tiro, jaanong se tlaa fediwa mo ngwageng wa madi wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro le ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le bosupa ka madi a pula a a kanang ka didikadike di le masome mabedi le bosupa.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == 9e5s7he5fx6xi0aubqrnoan3jg4i00m Sepatela sa Good Hope 0 14352 52226 2026-07-09T12:47:33Z JudithShe 9421 ke ranotse tsebe ya Sepatela sa Good Hope #Setswana Knowledge Activation 52226 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sepatela sa Good Hope''' ke sepatela se se okametsweng ke puso se se kwa [[Good Hope, Botswana]].<ref>"[https://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments112/ Mmadinare Primary Hospital"]. ''Botswana Ministry of Health''. Retrieved 09 July 2026</ref> == Metswedi == qnua1kxyc7opip7kg8qq2jrpeaksjqu Sepatela sa Deborah Retief Memorial 0 14353 52227 2026-07-09T13:03:40Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Sepatela sa Deborah Retief Memorial #Setswana Knowledge Activation 52227 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sepatela sa Deborah Retief Memorial''' ke sepatela se se okametsweng ke puso sa kgaolo se se kwa [[Mochudi]], mengwe ya metse e metona mo [[Botswana]] ka palo ya batho ba le dikete di le masome a mane le bone, makgolo a robabobedi, lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le motso. Se kwa kgaolong ya [[Bakgatla -ba-ga- Kgafela|Bakgatla]], dikhilomithara di ka nna masome a marao le bosupa kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Gaborone. Motse o, o dikhilomithara di le mmalwa go tswa kwa tseleng e kgolo ya [[Gaborone]]-[[Francistown]], go ka gorogiwa kwa go one ka go fapoga mo go khutshwane kwa [[Pilane]], Botswana.<ref>"[https://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/ District Hospitals]". [https://web.archive.org/web/20130507121923/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/ Archived] from the original on 7 May 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2026</ref> Sepatela se tlhomilwe ka Lwetse ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mararo le bobedi.<ref>[https://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/ "Establishment of Deborah hospital"]. Retrieved 9 July 2026</ref> Se reeletswe ka morongwa [[Deborah Retief]], e le segopotso sa gagwe.<ref>Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff; Mgadla, Part Themba (2008). ''Historical Dictionary of Botswana''. African Historical Dictionaries. Vol.&nbsp;108 (4th&nbsp;ed.). Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press. pp.&nbsp;289–90. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5467-3|<bdi>978-0-8108-5467-3</bdi>.]]</ref> == Metswedi == g4uacx9308dz98yd3jatqmks0iv614h Sepatela sa Palapye 0 14354 52228 2026-07-09T13:08:53Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Sepatela sa Palapye #Setswana Knowledge Activation 52228 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sepatela sa Palapye''' ke sepatela se se okametsweng ke puso se se kwa [[Palapye]], Botswana.<ref>[https://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/ Establishment of Mahalapye District Hospital"]. ''Government of Botswana''. Retrieved 9 July 2026</ref> == Metswedi == 027n412gpyzj7ab6uwfikf4kwljh6n8 Sepatela sa kgaolo sa Mahalapye 0 14355 52229 2026-07-09T13:17:25Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Sepatela sa kgaolo sa Mahalapye #Setswana Knowledge Activation 52229 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sepatela sa kgaolo sa Mahalapye''' ke sepatela se se okametsweng ke puso se se kwa [[Mahalapye]], toropo e e kwa kgaolong ya legare la [[Botswana]]. Toropo e na le baagi ba ka nna dikete di le masome a mane le motso, e mo tseleng e e fa gare ga toropokgolo [[Gaborone]] le toropokgolo ya bobedi ya Botswana [[Francistown]].<ref>[https://www.gov.bw/Global/Prisons%20and%20rehabilitation%5B1%5D.pdf Prisons and Rehabilitation."] (Archive) [[:en:Government_of_Botswana|Government of Botswana.]] Retrieved on 9 July 2026</ref> == Ditso == Sepatela sa Mahalapye se tlhamilwe ke puso ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi<ref>[https://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/ "Establishment of Mahalapye District Hospital"]. Retrieved 9 July 2026</ref> ka maikaelelo a go atametsa ditirelo tsa botsogo gaufi le setshaba.<ref>[https://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/ "Establishment of Mahalapye District Hospital".] Retrieved 9 July 2026</ref> Se kwa kgaolong ya legare la Botswana mo tselelng ya [[Francistown]]-[[Gaborone]]. == Metswedi == 9srg5s7nez325qgujdnaoen7jxtswg6 52230 52229 2026-07-09T13:18:41Z JudithShe 9421 52230 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sepatela sa kgaolo sa Mahalapye''' ke sepatela se se okametsweng ke puso se se kwa [[Mahalapye]], toropo e e kwa kgaolong ya legare la [[Botswana]]. Toropo e na le baagi ba ka nna dikete di le masome a mane le motso, e mo tseleng e e fa gare ga toropokgolo [[Gaborone]] le toropokgolo ya bobedi ya Botswana [[Francistown]].<ref>[https://www.gov.bw/Global/Prisons%20and%20rehabilitation%5B1%5D.pdf Prisons and Rehabilitation."] (Archive) [[:en:Government_of_Botswana|Government of Botswana.]] Retrieved on 9 July 2026</ref> == Ditso == Sepatela sa Mahalapye se tlhamilwe ke puso ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le borobabobedi<ref>[https://www.gov.bw/Global/Prisons%20and%20rehabilitation%5B1%5D.pdf Prisons and Rehabilitation."] (Archive) Government of Botswana. Retrieved on 9 July 2026</ref> ka maikaelelo a go atametsa ditirelo tsa botsogo gaufi le setshaba.<ref>[https://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/ "Establishment of Mahalapye District Hospital".] Retrieved 9 July 2026</ref> Se kwa kgaolong ya legare la Botswana mo tselelng ya [[Francistown]]-[[Gaborone]]. == Metswedi == r6lt30n26drjaj8lbd9xu8zteugmy1a Popego ya Botswana 0 14356 52232 2026-07-09T13:54:27Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya popego ya Botswana #Setswana Knowledge Activation 52232 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Botswana]]''' ke lefatshe le le senang lotshitshi le le kwa borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]], kwa bokone jwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Lefatshe la Botswana le mo lefelong la dikhilomithara di le dikete di le makgolo a matlhano, masome a robabobedi le motso, makgolo a supa, le masome a mararo, dikhilomithara di le dikete di le makgolo a matlhano, masome a marataro le borataro, makgolo a supa le masome a mararo a lone ke lefatshe fela. Lefatshe la Botswana le na le melelwane ya lefatshe ya boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le dikete di le nne, makgolo a mararo, masome a mane le bosupa fa e kopantswe, melelwane e, e kopanetswe le lefatshe la [[Namibia]], dikhilomithara di le sekete, makgolo a matlhano, masome a mane le bone; lefatshe la [[Aforika Borwa]] dikhilomithara di le sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabongwe; lefatshe la [[Zimbabwe]], dikhilomithara di le makgolo a robabobedi, masome a mararo le bone le lefatshe la [[Zambia]], dikhilomithara di le 0.15. Bontsi jwa palo ya batho ba Botswana ba kwa botlhaba jwa lefatshe. Mogote wa letsatsi o nna o le kwa godimo ngwaga yotlhe, mme paka ya mariga ke yone e e letsatsi thata. Lefatshe ka bophara le diphefo ebile le lerole ka paka ya komelelo.<ref>General Survey of Climatology, Landsberg (ed.), Elsevier, 2001.</ref> == Dipalo tsa lefelo == '''Lefelo''' * Palo yotlhe: dikete di le makgolo a matlhano, masome a robabbedi le motso, makgolo a supa le masome a mararo ** maemo mo lefatsheng lotlhe: masome a mane le borobabobedi * Metsi: dikhilomithara di le dikete di le lesome le botlhano ==== Lefelo le tshwangtshanngwa le a mangwe ==== * Tshwantshanyo le lefatshe la [[Australia]]: botlhano mo bosupeng jwa selekanyo sa New [[South Wales]] * Tshwantshanyo le lefatshe la [[Canada]]: le bonnye jwa bongwe mo lesomeng go gaisa Saskatchewan * Tshwantshanyo le lefatshe la [[United Kingdom]]: bobedi jo bo tletseng, le bobedi mo botlhanong jwa selekanyo sa United Kingdom * Tshwantshanyo le lefatshe la [[USA|United States]]: le le botlana gabedi go gaisa [[Arizona]] * Tshwantshanyo le EU: le legolwane go se kae, go gaisa Metropolitan France. == Metswedi == jpfd1j1u4lorqad613qzgfu0dnzdgsm 52295 52232 2026-07-10T10:28:24Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe ya Popego ya Botswana #Wikipedia25BW 52295 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Botswana Map.jpg|thumb]] [[Setshwantsho:LocationBotswana.svg|thumb]] '''[[Botswana]]''' ke lefatshe le le senang lotshitshi le le kwa borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]], kwa bokone jwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Lefatshe la Botswana le mo lefelong la dikhilomithara di le dikete di le makgolo a matlhano, masome a robabobedi le motso, makgolo a supa, le masome a mararo, dikhilomithara di le dikete di le makgolo a matlhano, masome a marataro le borataro, makgolo a supa le masome a mararo a lone ke lefatshe fela. Lefatshe la Botswana le na le melelwane ya lefatshe ya boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le dikete di le nne, makgolo a mararo, masome a mane le bosupa fa e kopantswe, melelwane e, e kopanetswe le lefatshe la [[Namibia]], dikhilomithara di le sekete, makgolo a matlhano, masome a mane le bone; lefatshe la [[Aforika Borwa]] dikhilomithara di le sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabongwe; lefatshe la [[Zimbabwe]], dikhilomithara di le makgolo a robabobedi, masome a mararo le bone le lefatshe la [[Zambia]], dikhilomithara di le 0.15. Bontsi jwa palo ya batho ba Botswana ba kwa botlhaba jwa lefatshe. Mogote wa letsatsi o nna o le kwa godimo ngwaga yotlhe, mme paka ya mariga ke yone e e letsatsi thata. Lefatshe ka bophara le diphefo ebile le lerole ka paka ya komelelo.<ref>General Survey of Climatology, Landsberg (ed.), Elsevier, 2001.</ref> == Dipalo tsa lefelo == '''Lefelo''' * Palo yotlhe: dikete di le makgolo a matlhano, masome a robabbedi le motso, makgolo a supa le masome a mararo ** maemo mo lefatsheng lotlhe: masome a mane le borobabobedi * Metsi: dikhilomithara di le dikete di le lesome le botlhano ==== Lefelo le tshwangtshanngwa le a mangwe ==== * Tshwantshanyo le lefatshe la [[Australia]]: botlhano mo bosupeng jwa selekanyo sa New [[South Wales]] * Tshwantshanyo le lefatshe la [[Canada]]: le bonnye jwa bongwe mo lesomeng go gaisa Saskatchewan * Tshwantshanyo le lefatshe la [[United Kingdom]]: bobedi jo bo tletseng, le bobedi mo botlhanong jwa selekanyo sa United Kingdom * Tshwantshanyo le lefatshe la [[USA|United States]]: le le botlana gabedi go gaisa [[Arizona]] * Tshwantshanyo le EU: le legolwane go se kae, go gaisa Metropolitan France. == Popego == [[Setshwantsho:Botswana gweta 01.jpg|thumb|[[Gweta]], Botswana]] Lefatshe le, le sephaphathi, mme gape le na le dipoa tsa makhubu, le ntswa go na le mafelo a a nang le dithaba, kwa meepo e leng teng. Sekaka sa Kalahari se kwa legareng le borwa-bophirima. [[Makgobokgobo a Okavango|Makgobokgobo a Okavang]]<nowiki/>o, a e leng lengwe la matsha a matona thata a a mo teng ga lefatshe, a kwa bokone-bophirima, [[Makgadikgadi pans|Makgadikgadi Pans]], a e leng letsha le letona la letswai le kwa bokone-legare. Lefelo la Makgadikgadi go supilwe fa e le lefelo le le saleng le nniwa ke batho go tswa bogologolong; makgobokgobo a matona a, a na le matsha a letswai a le mmalwa, le letona e le [[Ntwetwe Pan]], [[Sua Pan]] le [[Nxai Pan National Park|Nxai Pan]].<ref name=":0">C. Michael Hogan (2008) [https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&mode=&order=0 ''Makgadikgadi'', Megalithic Portal, ed. A.Burnham]</ref> Bo kwa tlase thata jwa lefatshe la Botswana ke kwa makopanelong a [[noka ya Shashe]] le [[Noka ya Limpopo|Limpopo]], kwa bo kwa godimong jwa dimithara di le makgolo, lesome le boraro. Lefelo le le kwa godimo thata ke kwa thabeng ya [[Thaba ya Monalanong|Monalanong]], dimithara di le sekete, makgolo a mane, masome a robabongwe le botlhano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251006073142/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/#geography "Botswana"], ''The World Factbook'', Central Intelligence Agency, 1 October 2025, archived from [https://www.cia.gov/stories/story/spotlighting-the-world-factbook-as-we-bid-a-fond-farewell/#geography the original] on 6 October 2025, retrieved 10 July 2026</ref> Lefatshe le kgaogantswe ka dikgaolo tse nne tse di tshololang metsi, tse ka dinako se dingwe di sa nneng teng ka ntlha ya go omelela ga seemo sa bosa: * [[Noka ya Chobe]] mo molelwaneng le [[Caprivi Strip]] ya Namibia ga mmogo le lefelo le le nnye le le makgobokgobo, ke bontlha jwa kgampu ya Zambezi. * Bontlha jo bogolo jwa kgaolo e e kwa bokone le legare la lefatshe ke bontlha jwa kgampu ya Okavango. * Botlhaba jwa lefatshe bo wela mo kgampung ya Limpopo. * Dikgaolo tsa borwa le borwa-botlhaba, tse e leng tsone di omeletseng thata, di tshela mo [[Noka ya Molopo|nokeng ya Molopo]] mo molelwaneng wa [[Aforika Borwa]] le [[noka ya Nossob]] go ralala Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, ke bontlha jwa kgampu ya [[noka ya Orange]]. Ga go na epe ya dinoka tse e e elelang go fitlha kwa nokeng ya Orange le fa go ntse jalo. (Bokopano jwa bofelo jo bo gatisitsweng ke ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, amsome a robabobedi.)<ref>Times Comprehensive Atlas, (2007), Times Books, London</ref> Kwa ntle ga dinoka tsa Chobe, Okavango, [[Noka ya Boteti|Boteti]] le [[Noka ya Limpopo|Limpopo]], bontsi jwa dinoka tsa Botswana di emisa go elela ka dipaka tsa komelelo le pele ga pula e na. Dikgwa mo Botswana di apesa lefelo la 27% wa lefatshe lotlhe, palo e ,e lekana le diheketara di le didikadike di le dikete di le lesome le botlhano, makgolo a mabedi, masome a matlhano le bone le makgolo a supa a dikgwa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi, ke phokotsego go tswa kwa diheketareng di le didikadike di le lesome le borobabobedi, makgolo a robabobedi le boraro, le makgolo a supa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le masome a mabedi, dikgwa tse di neng di anama ka tlholego tse di neng di apesitse diheketara di le didikadike di le lesome le botlhano, makgolo a mabedi, masome a matlhano le bone, le makgolo a supa, 0% wa tsone o ne a begiwa fa e le sekgwa se se nang le ditlhare tsa mo gae, go sena sepe se se rotloeditsweng ke batho, 11% wa lefelo la sekgwa o ne a fitlhelwa mo mafelong a a sireleditsweng. Mo ngwageng wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano, 24% wa lefelo la sekgwa o ne a begiwa fa e le wa batho botlhe fa 76% e le wa makgotla a a ikemetseng.<ref>[https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/a6e225da-4a31-4e06-818d-ca3aeadfd635/content ''Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194''.] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2023.</ref> == Seemo sa loapi == Lefatshe la Botswana, ke lefatshe la seka-sekaka, ka ntlha ya paka e khutshwane ya pula. Le fa go ntse jalo, go nna kwa godimo ga lefatshe le seemo sa kgaolo e le mo go yone, di dira gore le nne bongola. Lefatshe le kgakala le go foka ga phefo e e nang le monyo mo bontsing jwa ngwaga. Paka ya komelelo e simolola ka Moranang go tsena Phalane kwa borwa, kwa bokone gone ke go tsena Ngwanatsele kwa dipula di leng kwa godingwana. Borwa jwa lefatshe bo itemogela diphefo tse di tsididi ka paka ya mariga (Motsheganong a simologa go tsena Phatwe a fela) fa bothitho mo ka nnang lesome le bone. Lefatshe lotlhe le itemogela selemo se se mogote ka bothitho jwa masome a mabedi le borataro. Letsatsi le mogote ngwaga otlhe le ntswa le le lentsi thata ka mariga. Lefatshe le diphefo ebile le lerole ka paka ya komelelo.<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Koppen-Geiger Map v2 BWA 1991–2020.svg|left|thumb|206x206px|Mmepe Koppen wa seemo sa loapi sa Botswana]] [[Setshwantsho:Botswana Topography.png|thumb|150x150px|Mmepe wa bogodimo jwa Botswana]] [[Setshwantsho:Botswana sat.png|center|thumb|150x150px]] == Dikgoreletsi tsa tlholego == Lefatshe la Botswana le amiwa ke komelelo e e diragalang gangwe le gape, le diphefo tsa Phatwe di foka go tswa kwa bophirima, di na le motlhaba le lerole, lo lo ka kganelang batho go bona sentle. == Tikologo == [[Setshwantsho:Road landscape.jpg|thumb|Maru a pula kwa [[Serowe]] ka Firkgong ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabongwe]] Mathata a gompieno a tsa tikologo mo Botswana ke go fudisa mo go feteletseng, go nna sekaka ga mafelo a a kileng a bo a nonne le go nna teng ga metswedi e se kae fela ya metsi a a phepa. Dipatlisiso tsa baitseanape di supile fa tlwaelesego ya go rua dikgomo tse dintsi go emelela komelelo go dira gore tikologo e seka ya nna mo maemong a a siameng. Tshekatsheko ya kgaolo e akanyetsa fa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a matlhano, tsamao ya komelelo e e seng kalo e tlaa khutswafala go nna dikgwedi di le lesome le borobabobedi eseng dingwaga tse pedi ka ntlha ya phetogo ya seemo sa loapi.<ref>[https://www.scidev.net/global/news/sub-saharan-africa-news-in-brief-10-22-april-2008/ Sub-Saharan Africa news in brief: 10–22 April 2008 – SciDev.Net]</ref> === Go nna teng ga ditlhare === Global Forest Watch e gatisa dikakanyetso tsa ngwaga le ngwaga tsa go nna teng ga ditlhare. <ref>[https://www.globalforestwatch.org/dashboards/country/BWA/ "Botswana Deforestation Rates & Statistics"]. ''Global Forest Watch''.</ref><ref>Hansen, Matthew C.; Potapov, Peter V.; Moore, Rebecca; et&nbsp;al. (2013). "High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change". ''Science''. '''342''' (6160): 850–853. doi:[https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1244693 10.1126/science.1244693.]</ref><ref>[https://data.globalforestwatch.org/documents/gfw::tree-cover-loss/about "Tree cover loss"]. ''Global Forest Watch Open Data Portal''.</ref><ref>[https://data.globalforestwatch.org/documents/gfw::tree-cover-2000/about "Tree cover (2000)".] ''Global Forest Watch Open Data Portal''.</ref> == Ditumalano tsa mafatshefatshe == Lefatshe la Botswana le mo ditumalanong tse di latelang: mefuta ya ditshedi, phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, go nna sekaka, diphologolo tse di gomagomediwang ke go nyelela, matlakala a a borai, molao wa lewatle, go sireletsa boalo jwa ozone le makgobokgobo. == Mafelo a a kgakala thata == A ke mafelo a a kgakala thata a Botswana, mafelo a ke a bofelo kwa bokone, borwa, botlhaba le bophirima go fetisa mafelo ape fela mo Botswana. * Kwa bokone - molelwane le lefatshe la [[Zambia]] mo nokeng ya Zambezi kwa kgaolong ya Chobe * Kwa Botlhaba - bokopano jwa mafatshe a mararo a [[Aforika Borwa]], [[Zimbabwe]] le kgaolo ya legare ya Botswana * Borwa - [[Bokspits]], kgaolo ya Kgalagadi * Bophirima - ntlha ya molelwane le [[Namibia]] ** ntlha: lefatshe la Botswana ga le na ntlha e e kwa bophirima ka ntlha e o e tlhamiwa ke mola wa meridian of longitude kwa botlhaba jwa Greenwich. == Metswedi == jj06lwpx8ozgx13f3yqlzc2vyqrgjhy Ditso tsa Tumedi ya Jewis mo Botswana 0 14357 52236 2026-07-09T16:24:46Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Ditso tsa Tumedi ya Jewis mo Botswana 52236 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hisitori ya Bajuda''' kwa [[Botswana]] ke ya segompieno mme e remeletse mo toropong ya [[Gaborone]]. Bontsi jwa Bajuta mo Botswana ke Baiseraele le Ma [[aforika Borwa]].<ref>[https://www.jta.org/archive/around-the-jewish-world-in-botswana-african-jews-ask-leader-to-be-vigilant-against-terror "Around the Jewish World in Botswana, African Jews Ask Leader to Be Vigilant Against Terror".] Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 20 March 2015. Retrieved 2021-12-16.</ref> == Ditso == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobongwe le masome a mararo le borobabedi (1938), ka ntlha ya go tsoga ga Bo-Nazi kwa Yuropa, balaodi ba bokoloniale kwa Botswana, Afroka Borwa, le Great Britain ba ne ba leka go busetsa batshabi bangwe ba Bajuda kwa Botswana gore ba tle ba dirise madi a bone le bokgoni jwa bone jwa temothuo go thusa go tokafatsa ikonomi e e neng e le mo mathateng ya naga eo. Le fa go ntse jalo, go runya ga Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le boferabongwe (1939) go ne ga fedisa maiteko ano ka bonako.<ref>Makgala, Christian John. [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA052550590_201 "Bid to Settle Jewish Refugees from Nazi-Germany in Botswana, 1938-1939".] ''journals.co.za''. African Journals. Retrieved 30 October 2024.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone (1994), setšhaba sa Bajuda sa Botswana se ne sa kwala molaotheo mme sa tlhoma komiti ya sone ya ntlha. Rabi [[Moshe Silberhaft]], moeteledipele wa semoya wa African Jewish Congress, o ne a etela Gaborone go ya go tsaya karolo mo kopanong e mo go yone go neng ga swetswa go bitsa morafe wa bone [[Jewish Community of Botswana]].<ref>African Jewish Congress. [https://www.africanjewishcongress.com/botswana3.htm "Botswana: A Safe Haven for Jews".] ''africanjewishcongress.com''. African Jewish Congress. Retrieved 30 October 2024.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003), setšhaba sa Bajuda kwa Botswana se ne sa ikuela mo balaoding ba mo lefelong leo gore ba nne ba ntshitse matlho dinameng kgatlhanong le borukhutlhi, go dumalana le seemo sa ga Tautona [[Festus Mogae]] sa gore "ga ba letlelele" bokebekwa. Kgatelopele e e tshegediwa ke African Jewish Congress, e e thusang baagi ba Bajuta ba Botswana go tshola dikgato tsa tshireletso mo gare ga matshwenyego a lefatshe ka bophara ka ga matshosetsi a a amanang le bosemiti le borukhutlhi.<ref>[https://www.jta.org/archive/around-the-jewish-world-in-botswana-african-jews-ask-leader-to-be-vigilant-against-terror "Around the Jewish World in Botswana, African Jews Ask Leader to Be Vigilant Against Terror".] ''Jewish Telegraphic Agency''. 11 December 2003</ref><ref>[https://www.africanjewishcongress.com/botswana2.htm "Botswana"]. African Jewish Congress.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi (2020), go fopholediwa gore go na le Bajuta ba le 21-100 ba ba nnang kwa [[Botswana]], mme bontsi jwa bone bo nna kwa Gaborone. Baagi ba teng ke Bajuta ba Iseraele ba ba dirang mo temothuong, kgwebo le madirelo.<ref>[https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/about/communities/BW "Community in Botswana"]. World Jewish Congress. Retrieved 2021-12-16.</ref> == Ditlwaelo tsa bodumedi == Ga go na disinagoge kwa [[Botswana]]. Ka nako ya malatsi a magolo a boikhutso a sedumedi le dinako tsa thapelo, [[African Jewish Congress]] le [[South African Jewish Board of Deputies]] ba thusa Bajuta ba ba etelang.<ref>Waronker, Jay. [https://www.africansynagogues.org/html/locations.html "LOCATING THE BUILDINGS AND JEWISH COMMUNITIES".] AfricanSynagogues.org. Retrieved 2024-10-17.</ref>Ditirelo tsa bodumedi tsa Shabbat le malatsi a boikhutso a Sejuta di tshwarelwa mo magaeng a batho ka dijo tsa Kosher tse di neetsweng. <ref>Doctrow, Jamie. [https://jewishlouisville.org/teen-topics-february-21-2014/ "Doctrow Finds Religious Connection in the Last Likely Place".] ''jewishlouisville.org''. Jewish Louisville Community. Retrieved 30 October 2024.</ref>Bajuta ba Botswana ba fitlhwa mo mabitleng a e seng a Bajuta, ka go se na mabitla a Bajuta mo nageng. Dijo tsa Kosher di neelwa ka Boto ya Bajuta ya Baemedi ba Aforika Borwa. == Dikamano tsa Botswana le Iseraele == Setlhogo sa konokono: Botswana ⁇ Israel relations Botswana le Iseraele di ne tsa simolola dikamano tsa sedipolomate ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome supa le bobedi (1972). <ref>Jacqueline, Kalley; Schoeman, Elna (1999). ''Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events''. p.&#x20;124.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Botswana#cite_note-9]</ref>Botswana e tsosolositse kamogelo ya bodipolomate ya Iseraele ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabbongwe le masome a robabongwe le boraro (1993).<ref>[https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-that-recognize-israel "Countries that Recognize Israel 2024".] ''World Population Review''. Retrieved 26 October 2024</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012), dikhamphani tse tsheletseng tsa Israel di ne di thapile baagi ba Batswana ba ba fetang sekete go sega le go polisha ditaemane.<ref>Motsamai, Mmoniemang (24 February 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130512011750/http://www.ibotswana.co.bw/news/local/item/11871-israel-north-korea-present-credentials.html "Israel, North Korea present credentials".] ''Botswana Daily News''. Archived from the original on 12 May 2013.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012), sekolo se itutelo tiro sa Ben Gurion (BGU) e ne ya dumela go thusa setheo se sesha se se bidiwang Yunibesiti ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Saense le Thekenoloji ya Botswana. BGU e tla nna le maikarabelo a go ruta le go aga bokgoni jwa yunibesiti jwa go dira patlisiso. Baithuti ba Botswana le bone ba tla lalediwa go ya kwa Iseraele go ya go wetsa dithuto tsa bone pele ga ba boela go ya go aga badiri ba yunibesithi. Go ya ka moemedi wa Iseraele Dan Shaham: "Baithuti ba ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano ba tla tlhophiwa gore ba simolole dithuto tsa bone mo dikgweding tse di tlang. Baithuti ba ba oketsegileng le dithuto tse di oketsegileng di tla okediwa ka iketlo, go fitlha e nna yunibesiti ya mmatota".<ref>[http://www.israeliconsulatela.org/index.php/en/latest-news/item/ben-gurion-university-botswana-branch Ben Gurion University, Botswana Branch] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310040614/http://www.israeliconsulatela.org/index.php/en/latest-news/item/ben-gurion-university-botswana-branch|date=March 10, 2013}} Official Website of the Israeli Consulate in Los Angeles, December 24, 2012</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe (2021), Baruch Padeh Medical Center e ne ya romela setlhopha sa dingaka tsa kwa Iseraele go ya go thusa Botswana ka nako ya leroborobo la COVID-19. Baemedi ba Iseraele ba ne ba dirisana le [[sepatela sa Sir Ketumile Masire]] Teaching Hospital kwa [[Gaborone]].<ref>Jaffe-Hoffman, Maayan. [https://www.jpost.com/health-science/israels-baruch-padeh-sends-medical-delegation-to-botswana-africa-667249 "Israel's Baruch Padeh sends medical delegation to Botswana, Africa"]. ''jpost.com''. The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 30 October 2024.</ref> Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe (2021), Ofra Farhi o direla jaaka moemedi wa Iseraele kwa Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, le Zimbabwe.<ref>Harkov, Lahav (June 20, 2021). [https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/cabinet-approves-36-new-ambassadors-to-posts-around-the-world-671527 "Meet the 36 new ambassadors approved to new posts around the world"]. Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 26 February 2023.</ref> == Batho ba ba itsegeng == * [[Benjamin Steinberg]], morui wa dikgomo wa kwa [[Botswana]] le radipolotiki yo e neng e le motshwaramatlotlo wa ntlha wa [[Botswana Democratic Party]] le leloko la ntlha la Palamente ya Batswana ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano (1965) == Metswedi == dg30ympm78sqjdl1wfq8hl1xfep8cn9 Mmino wa Botswana 0 14358 52237 2026-07-09T16:59:46Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354693379|Music of Botswana]]" 52237 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Mmino wa Botswana''' o akaretsa ditso tse di farologaneng, go simolola ka diletso tsa bogologolo-tala tse di epolotsweng mo maruping go ya kwa badiragatsing ba segompieno ba ditiro tsa bone di setseng di fitlheletse dikgatong tsa boditšhabatšhaba. [[Karolo:Botswana]] 4nbwb2x86c3rw6oigeinhstrm2m9egk 52238 52237 2026-07-09T17:05:56Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354693379|Music of Botswana]]" 52238 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Mmino wa Botswana''' o akaretsa ditso tse di farologaneng, go simolola ka diletso tsa bogologolo-tala tse di epolotsweng mo maruping go ya kwa badiragatsing ba segompieno ba ditiro tsa bone di setseng di fitlheletse dikgatong tsa boditšhabatšhaba. Botswana ke lefatshe mo Aforika le le bopilweng ka merafe e e farologaneng mme morafe wa Batswana ke one o o fitlhelwang ka dipalopalo mo lefatsheng le. [[Karolo:Botswana]] m9mew8ib9sdrsy7mu1xbvsgs92g8q6r 52240 52238 2026-07-09T17:13:43Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354693379|Music of Botswana]]" 52240 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Mmino wa Botswana''' o akaretsa ditso tse di farologaneng, go simolola ka diletso tsa bogologolo-tala tse di epolotsweng mo maruping go ya kwa badiragatsing ba segompieno ba ditiro tsa bone di setseng di fitlheletse dikgatong tsa boditšhabatšhaba. Botswana ke lefatshe mo Aforika le le bopilweng ka merafe e e farologaneng mme morafe wa Batswana ke one o o fitlhelwang ka dipalopalo mo lefatsheng le. Mmino ke karolo e tona ya ngwao ya Botswana ebile o akaretsa mefuta ya segompieno le ya setso. Dikhwaere tsa dikereke di tlwaelesegile dintlheng tsotlhe tsa lefatshe. [[Karolo:Botswana]] 0dkr8bou132f58v1qv6w7jafmx05u4x 52242 52240 2026-07-09T17:37:20Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354693379|Music of Botswana]]" 52242 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Mmino wa Botswana''' o akaretsa ditso tse di farologaneng, go simolola ka diletso tsa bogologolo-tala tse di epolotsweng mo maruping go ya kwa badiragatsing ba segompieno ba ditiro tsa bone di setseng di fitlheletse dikgatong tsa boditšhabatšhaba. Botswana ke lefatshe mo Aforika le le bopilweng ka merafe e e farologaneng mme morafe wa Batswana ke one o o fitlhelwang ka dipalopalo mo lefatsheng le. Mmino ke karolo e tona ya ngwao ya Botswana ebile o akaretsa mefuta ya segompieno le ya setso. Dikhwaere tsa dikereke di tlwaelesegile dintlheng tsotlhe tsa lefatshe le. Mofuta wa mmino wa lefatshe le, o supa ditso tsa lone jaaka e le marakanelo a batho ba letso la borwa jwa Aforika, jaaka e le lefatshe le le neng la sireletswa ke batho-basweu, le lefatshe le e neng ya re go tsaya boipuso ya nna lengwe la mafatshe a godisitseng itsholelo ya lone ka thekiso ya diteemane. Mefuta ya mmino wa Aforika Borwa le wa legare la Aforika o fitlhelwa mo lefatsheng le ga mmogo le mmino wa Setswana. [[Karolo:Botswana]] dre76v70kg03dgs3j4den2t68cyg3dg 52243 52242 2026-07-09T17:40:11Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354693379|Music of Botswana]]" 52243 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Mmino wa Botswana''' o akaretsa ditso tse di farologaneng, go simolola ka diletso tsa bogologolo-tala tse di epolotsweng mo maruping go ya kwa badiragatsing ba segompieno ba ditiro tsa bone di setseng di fitlheletse dikgatong tsa boditšhabatšhaba. Botswana ke lefatshe mo Aforika le le bopilweng ka merafe e e farologaneng mme morafe wa Batswana ke one o o fitlhelwang ka dipalopalo mo lefatsheng le. Mmino ke karolo e tona ya ngwao ya Botswana ebile o akaretsa mefuta ya segompieno le ya setso. Dikhwaere tsa dikereke di tlwaelesegile dintlheng tsotlhe tsa lefatshe le. Mofuta wa mmino wa lefatshe le, o supa ditso tsa lone jaaka e le marakanelo a batho ba letso la borwa jwa Aforika, jaaka e le lefatshe le le neng la sireletswa ke batho-basweu, le lefatshe le e neng ya re go tsaya boipuso ya nna lengwe la mafatshe a godisitseng itsholelo ya lone ka thekiso ya diteemane. Mefuta ya mmino wa Aforika Borwa le wa legare la Aforika o fitlhelwa mo lefatsheng le ga mmogo le mmino wa Setswana. == Diletso tsa bogologolo le tsa pele ga puso ya batho-basweu == [[Karolo:Botswana]] cj0xaba7s4cj5o06c8le9s13c4pf8ek 52245 52243 2026-07-09T18:03:52Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354693379|Music of Botswana]]" 52245 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Mmino wa Botswana''' o akaretsa ditso tse di farologaneng, go simolola ka diletso tsa bogologolo-tala tse di epolotsweng mo maruping go ya kwa badiragatsing ba segompieno ba ditiro tsa bone di setseng di fitlheletse dikgatong tsa boditšhabatšhaba. Botswana ke lefatshe mo Aforika le le bopilweng ka merafe e e farologaneng mme morafe wa Batswana ke one o o fitlhelwang ka dipalopalo mo lefatsheng le. Mmino ke karolo e tona ya ngwao ya Botswana ebile o akaretsa mefuta ya segompieno le ya setso. Dikhwaere tsa dikereke di tlwaelesegile dintlheng tsotlhe tsa lefatshe le. Mofuta wa mmino wa lefatshe le, o supa ditso tsa lone jaaka e le marakanelo a batho ba letso la borwa jwa Aforika, jaaka e le lefatshe le le neng la sireletswa ke batho-basweu, le lefatshe le e neng ya re go tsaya boipuso ya nna lengwe la mafatshe a godisitseng itsholelo ya lone ka thekiso ya diteemane. Mefuta ya mmino wa Aforika Borwa le wa legare la Aforika o fitlhelwa mo lefatsheng le ga mmogo le mmino wa Setswana. == Diletso tsa bogologolo le tsa pele ga puso ya batho-basweu == Seletso sa bogologolo se se fitlhelwang mo lefelong le le bidiwang Botswana gompieno ke '''seburuburu. Seburuburu ke seletso''' se se dirilweng ka lerapo, le le epolotsweng kwa moepong wa Matlapaneng mme le supa fa le na le dingwaga di ka nna sekete. Phala e go supang e na le dingwaga di le makgolo a le boferabongwe e ne ya epololwa kwa moepong wa [[Bosutswe]] ; e na le phatlha e le nngwe e moletsi a e bipang go farologanya modumo. Lerapo ke lone fela sedirisiwa se se thata mo se ka kgonang go tshela ka lobaka lo loleele jalo, se se raya gore go na le diletso tse dingwe tsa bogologolo tse di neng di letswa nako e o mme tsa tlhoka go sireletsega. [ 1 ] [[Karolo:Botswana]] egriqd1jcaxzxwq4d0isnh5drmxwu80 Kgaolo ya Bobirwa 0 14359 52241 2026-07-09T17:16:39Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Kgaolo ya Bobirwa 52241 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kgaolo ya Bobirwa''' ke kgaolo kwa [[Botswana]]. E na le batho ba Babirwa (Ba-Birwa) ba ba neng ba tswa kwa Transvaal mo Afrika Borwa ya gompieno. == Ditso == Pele ga Moshoeshoe le morafe wa gagwe wa [[Lesotho]], batho ba Basotho ba ne ba nna mo nageng eno. Moshoeshoe ke mosimolodi mme o tlhomile setšhaba sa Basotho, o kopantse batshabi ba Batswana le batho ba ba buang Nguni ba ba tswang mo merafeng e e farologaneng mo teng ga Free State le Lesotho ya gompieno, e MaBorithane ba neng ba e bitsa Lesotho. Batho ba Basotho ba ba neng ba le teng mo kgaolong eo pele ga Moshoeshoe ba ne ba tsholelwa kwa [[Menkhoaneng]] (c. go simologa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a supa le masome a robabobedi le borataro 1786 go ya ko kgweding ya Mopitlwe e le lesome le motso ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa (1870) go Mokhachane wa Bamokoteli clan, sub-clan ya Bakwena. Moshoeshoe o ne a kopanya gape merafe e e setseng ya Batswana e e neng e le kwa tlase le e e neng e le bokoa mo kgaolong eo ka fa tlase ga morafe wa gagwe wa Bakwena, morafe o o neng o ikgaogantse le morafe wa Bakwena wa Batswana ka nako ya dintwa tsa difaqane tsa ga Shaka, morago ga gore morafe otlhe wa Basotho o tswe mo kgaolong eo. Moshoeshoe, morafe wa gagwe wa Bakwena, le merafe e mengwe ya Basotho ba simolotse kwa Batswanaland pele ba nna kwa Ntswanatsatsi mo Aforika Borwa wa gompieno. Malapa a ne a phatlalala go tswa kwa Ntswanatsatsi, a bopa merafe e e neng e dirisa di-totem jaaka matshwao (jaaka kwena (Kwena), e bagologolwane ba ga Moshoeshoe ba neng ba e dirisa), mme ba fudugela kwa dintlheng tse di farologaneng mo Afrika Borwa ya pele ga bokoloniale ba eteletswe pele ke baeteledipele ba ba farologaneng. Napo, morwarraagwe Mochudi (Motswana) yo mmotlana, o ne a tlogela legae la gagwe go ya go aga morafe wa gagwe kwa Ntswanatsatsi kwa Free State le Lesotho ya gompieno; bangwe ba ne ba fudugela kwa Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia le Namibia ya gompieno; fa ba bangwe ba ne ba fudugela kwa Gauteng ya gompieno mo Afrika Borwa. Ba ne ba nna ditlhogo tsa morafe wa Bakgatla, o o neng wa dira gore go nne le Batswana le merafe ya bone e e farologaneng e e buang dipuo tse di jaaka Bapedi, Batlokwa le Babirwa. Ditlhopha tse dingwe di ne tsa nyalana le merafe e e fa gaufi e e jaaka Ba-Swati, Ba-Venda, Ba-Tsonga le Ba-Nguni. Bapedi bangwe ba na le lefoko le le tshwanang le la "apa" (le le rayang "go bua") le la Vendas, segolobogolo Balovedu, BaGubu, le Babirwa ba Bobirwa kwa borwa jwa Botswana gaufi le molelwane wa Zimbabwe go bapa le noka ya Shashe, ka puo ya teng e e buiwang go kgabaganya molelwane kwa Zimbabwe. Fa Batswana ba sena go phatlalala, go ne ga tlhaga dipuo tse di farologaneng. Batho ba Babirwa ba ne ba tswa kwa Nareng mo lefelong la Letswalo gaufi le Phalaborwa ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa ga Tshukudu magareng ga 1510 le 1599. Ba ne ba fudugela kwa bokone, ba nna kwa Blauwberg e gompieno e leng Limpopo le dikarolo dingwe tsa Botswana le Zimbabwe. Leina "Bobirwa" le kaya "lefatshe la batho ba Ba-Birwa (Babirwa)". Ba-Babirwa kwa Afrika Borwa ba nna kwa bokone jwa kgaolo ya Bochum, kwa bokone jwa Polokwane. Ho na le mabitso a fetang 40 a Babirwa Afrika Borwa, ho kenyeletsa Sebone, Malema, Makhura, Makwati, Makhurane, Maphala, Nare, Tau, Tlou-Serope, Mmamadi, Legong (Lehong), Mangale, Marema, Taueatswala, Molefe, Mogano, Jibula (Tjibula) (Muhanu), Machete, Lehomo, Raphahlelo, Raseokgo (Sebola), Phooko, Ramalepe, Boikanyo, Selema, Morerwa (Murerwa), Makgatho, Maruatona, Monekwe (Monengwe), Madema Morebeng (Phosa) le ba bang. Ba-Babirwa ba le bantsi ba ne ba fudugela kwa go se jaanong se bidiwang Bobirwa Sub District, e leng kgaolo ya botsamaisi kwa botlhaba jwa Botswana mo Kgaolong ya Bogare. Bobonong e dira jaaka toropo e kgolo go di feta tsotlhe le ntlokgolo ya kgaolo-potlana. Kgaolo e e molelwaneng wa [[Zimbabwe]] kwa bokone-botlhaba le Aforika Borwa kwa borwabotlhaba, ka Noka ya Limpopo e e bopang molelwane wa Aforika Borwa. <ref>[http://www.fao.org/3/y5744e/y5744e07.htm "Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin".] ''fao.org''. Retrieved 6 August 2019.</ref> == Temothuo == Kgaolo ya Bobirwa e na le palogare ya pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya makgolo a mararo go ya go makgolo a mane (400 mm). Mebu ke ya mmu wa letsopa o o tletseng motlhaba. Bobirwa ke karolo e e kwa tlase ya Botswana, e e farologanang go tswa go makgolo a matlhano le masome a robabongwe go ya go makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le borataro ( 886 metres) (1,936 go ya go 2,907 ft) kwa godimo ga lewatle. E kgaoganngwa ke marangrang a dikanala tse di elelang mo Limpopo. Metsana e akaretsa [[Mathathane]], [[Motlhabaneng]], [[Tsetsebjwe]], [[Kobojango]], [[Bobonong]], [[Molalatau]], [[Tobane]], [[Mabolwe]], [[Semolale]], [[Lepokole]], [[Zanzibar]], [[Moletemane]], [[Sefophe]] le [[Lentswelemoriti]]. <ref>[[:en:Bobirwa#CITEREFBotswana_College_of_Agriculture2004|Botswana College of Agriculture 2004]], pp.&#x20;5–7</ref> Ditiro tsa temothuo di sentse kgaolo eno thata mme di dirile gore e tlhaselwe ke leuba. Mafelo a le mantsi mo metseng eno le mo tikologong ya yone a tletse ka mmu o o se nang sepe ka ntlha ya go kgaolwa ga bojang go thibela dinoga le ditshenekegi. Go fula go feta tekano ga dinku, dipodi, diesele le dikgomo ke lebaka le lengwe. Patlisiso e bontshitse phokotsego e kgolo ya lefatshe la tlholego magareng ga ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970) le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome ( 2010), go kopantswe le koketsego e kgolo ya baagi.<ref>[[:en:Bobirwa#CITEREFBotswana_College_of_Agriculture2004|Botswana College of Agriculture 2004,]] pp.&#x20;9–10.</ref> Mo godimo ga leruo, kgaolo eno e na le diphologolo tse dintsi tsa naga. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi (2000), go ne go na le motlhape wa ditlou tse di ka nnang makgolo a mabedi .<ref>[[:en:Bobirwa#CITEREFBotswana_College_of_Agriculture2004|Botswana College of Agriculture 2004]], p.&#x20;12.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso (2011), go ne ga begwa gore puso e dumetse go tlhomiwa ga ditikwatikwe tsa ditirelo kwa [[Tsetsebjwe]], [[Mathathane]] le [[Gobojango]], mmogo le diporojeke tse dingwe tse dikgolo tsa tlhabololo ya mafaratlhatlha jaaka go tokafatsa ditsela, marogo le go fetisa motlakase. Seno se ne sa direga morago ga gore ikonomi e gole ka bonako mo dingwageng tse tharo tse di fetileng. Batho ba lefelo leo jaanong ba ne ba kgona go reka le go banka kwa Bobonong, go na le go ya kwa [[Selebi-Phikwe]]. Ditikwatikwe tse dintšhwa di ne di solofetswe go tokafatsa go fitlhelela ditirelo go ya pele.<ref>[[:en:Bobirwa#CITEREFModikwa2009|Modikwa 2009.]]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012), go ne ga nna le koketsego e kgolo ya bogodu jwa dithoto. Se se ka tswa se bakilwe ke komelelo, e e neng ya pateletsa leruo go tsamaya sekgala se seleele go ya go batla mafulo le metsi, mme seno sa dira gore ba tlhaselwe ke magodu a dikgomo.<ref>[[:en:Bobirwa#CITEREFMazwiduma2012|Mazwiduma 2012]]</ref> == Ditso tsa batho == Batho ba Babirwa kwa Zimbabwe ba fitlhelwa kwa borwabophirima jwa Kgaolo ya Gwanda, kwa metseng ya Gungwe, Ntalale, Tlhakadiyawa, Kafusi, Mawaza, Mafukung, le mafelo a a mabapi. Fa Ba-Babirwa ba ne ba fudugela kwa lefelong le jaanong le bidiwang Gwanda, lefelo leo le ne le nniwa ke batho ba ba buang Se-Jahunda (puo ya Se-Kalanga) le setlhopha sa Ba-Ndebele. Ba-Ndebele ba ne ba fudugetse kwa borwa go tswa kwa porofenseng e e kwa bokone ya pele ga bokoloniale ya Matabeleland South, e ba neng ba e tlhasela ba eteletswe pele ke moeteledipele wa bone e bong Mzilikazi. Mzilikazi o ne a tswa kwa Transvaal, Aforika Borwa, a feta ka Borwa jwa Botswana, a tshaba Ba-Boers morago ga go tshaba kwa Shaka kwa Natal. Setlhopha se sengwe sa Ba-Babirwa se ne sa tswa kwa Bobirwa le bafaladi ba bangwe ba kwa Transvaal mme ba ya go kopana le ba losika lwa bone ba ba neng ba tswa kwa Transvaal ba ya kwa Bokgalaka (e ka nako eo Basotho ba neng ba e bitsa Zimbabwe). Ga se Basotho botlhe ba kwa [[Zimbabwe]] ba e leng Ba-Babirwa. Batho ba Basotho ba ba fitlhelwang mo kgaolong ya Beit Bridge go ya kwa Manama le mafelo a a e dikologileng a farologane - ke ditlogolwana tsa Basotho ba Bokone go tswa kwa go se e kileng ya bo e le Northern Transvaal. Batho bano ba ne ba lelekwa ke Ba-Boers mme ba patelesega go tshaba, ba kgabaganya Noka ya Motloutse go ya kwa Botswana wa gompieno kgotsa Noka ya Odi (Limpopo) go ya kwa Bokgalaka. Ba-Basotho bano ba ne ba tsamaya ka ditlhopha tse di amanang, ba tswa kwa mafelong a a farologaneng a Bokone jwa Transvaal, go tloga kwa Potgietersrus (e jaanong e leng Mokopane). Ba bangwe ba ne ba tswa kwa mafelong a a dikologileng Polokwane a a akaretsang Moletse, Bochum, Taaibosch, Zebediela, Ga Kibi, Botlokwa, Ga Makgato. Bangwe ba ne ba tswa kwa Venda, fa ba bangwe e ne e le batho ba ba buang Se-Tsonga ba ba neng ba amogela puo ya Sesotho sa kwa Zimbabwe ka go kopana le bone le ka go nyalana le bone. Ditlogolwana dingwe di ne tsa boela mo Aforika Borwa magareng ga dingwaga tsa bo sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi (1920) le bo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980), ba kopana le ba losika lwa bona kwa Bokone jwa Transvaal. Gompieno, batho ba le bantsi ba ba buang Se-Pedi le Se-Venda kwa dikgaolong tsa Limpopo le Venda ba na le metswedi ya Se-Zimbabwe go tswa mo khudugong e. Basotho ba bangwe ba Zimbabwe ba na le dikamano le bagologolwane ba bone mo Afrika Borwa le Botswana. Sesotho se se buiwang kwa Zimbabwe, se tshwana le se se buiwang kwa Musina le mo tikologong ya teng, ke mofuta o o fetotsweng wa Se-Kubu mme o tshwana le Se-Selobedu. Go na le dipharologano tse di sa lemotshegeng magareng ga Sebirwa, SeGubu, Setlhokwa, Selobedu, le dipuo tse dingwe tsa Sesotho sa Bokone tse di dirisang "apa" (puo) le "boswa" go kaya "pap" (dijo tse di tlwaelegileng tsa mmidi). Dipuo tseno di na le dilo tse di tshwanang tsa Se-Venda le maina a a tshwanang jaaka Malema, Mafela, Moedi, Mahomela, le Mokoena. Le fa gone ka tlwaelo maina a sefane a supa gore motho ke mang, Ba-Basotho ba le bantsi ba ne ba latlhegelwa ke maina a bone a pele fa Ba-Ndebele ba ne ba ba pateletsa go tsaya maina a a neng a theilwe mo dilong tsa setso. Ka ntlha ya seo, batho bangwe ba Basotho jaanong ba dirisa maina a a jaaka Ndlovu, Nyathi, Sibanda, Moyo, Dube le Mdlongwa mo boemong jwa maina a bone a pele a lelapa. Le fa go ntse jalo, bontsi jwa ditlhogo tsa malapa tsa Basotho ba Bokone ba santse ba na le maina a bone a Afrika Borwa jaaka Maphala, Malema, Sephuma, Mafela, Phalantwa, Molwantwa, Sephodi, Makgalema, Moedi, Sehata, Tjibula, Makushu, Mahumela, Madumetja, Makhura, Makwati, Maimela, Manamela, Pheta, Mokone, Mokwena, le Marishane, le fa maina a a sa tlhagelele mo ditokomaneng tsa semmuso. == Puo == [[Sebirwa]] kgotsa Birwa, puo e e buiwang ke batho ba Babirwa, ke puo ya Sesotho sa Bokone, mmogo le Bididi, Lobedu, Kgaga, Hananwa, Pedi, Phalaborwa, Pulana, Tshwapong, Kutswe, Phahladira, Pai, Kopa, Kubu, jj. Northern Sotho ke nngwe ya ditlhopha tse tharo tsa Sesotho tsa Basotho. Tse dingwe tse pedi ke Sesotho sa Bophirima (se se itsegeng botoka jaaka Setswana, se se buiwang thata kwa Botswana), Porofense ya Bokone Bophirima, palo e nnye ya batho kwa Porofense ya Matebeland ya Zimbabwe le Sesotho sa Borwa (se se buiwang kwa Lesotho, Free State, le Vaal). Basotho ba ne ba tswa kwa [[Ntswanatsatsi]]. == Metswedi == s0iqbntkwbxz18f533eb76vglek3hhy Setlhopha sa Kgwele ya Dinao sa Black Lions F.C. 0 14360 52244 2026-07-09T17:40:42Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Setlhopha sa Kgwele ya Dinao sa Black Lions F.C. 52244 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Black Lions''' ke setlhopha sa kgwele ya dinao sa kwa [[Gaborone]], [[Botswana]]. Setlhopha se tshameka mo [[Botswana Premier League]] == Ditso == Tlelapa e ne ya tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), mme ya kwadisiwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025) go tshameka mo Division Two. Le fa go ntse jalo, ba rekile maemo a Premier League go tswa go VTM FC mme ba tshameka mo ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025) go ya ko ngwageng wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le borataro (2026) Botswana Premier League. Mogokgo wa maloba wa [[Orlando Pirates F.C.|Orlando Pirates]], [[Owen da Gama]], o ne a ba katisa mo tshimologong ya setlha sa bone sa ntlha mo setlhopheng sa maemo a a kwa godimo <ref>[https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/botswana-owen-da-gama-lowers-black-lions-fc-s-expectations/ Botswana: Owen da Gama lowers Black Lions FC's expectations".] 28 August 2025. Retrieved 27 November 2025.</ref><ref>Dube, Mqondisi (22 August 2025). [https://www.mmegi.bw/sports/will-the-lions-roar-in-an-unforgiving-jungle/news "Will the Lions roar in an unforgiving jungle?".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 27 November 2025.</ref>go fitlha a tsamaya ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025).<ref>Dube, Mthokozisi (3 December 2025). [https://farpost.co.za/2025/12/03/owen-da-gama-parts-ways-with-botswanas-black-lions/ "Owen Da Gama parts ways with Botswana's Black Lions".] ''Farpost''. Retrieved 3 December 2025.</ref> Ba simolotse ka go fenngwa gararo ka tatelano pele ba bona sebopego se sengwe mme ba tlhatlogela kwa godimo mo tafoleng.<ref>Boranabi, Kabelo (7 November 2025). [https://www.mmegi.bw/sports/lions-roar-towards-respectable-position/news "Lions roar towards respectable position".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 27 November 2025</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), tlelapa e ne ya ntsha moneelo wa didiriswa tsa boleng jwa P10,000 go Boitekanelo College.<ref>Malabe, Chawada (15 September 2025). [https://thevoicebw.com/black-lions-fc-donates/ "Black Lions FC Donates » TheVoiceBW".] ''TheVoiceBW''. Retrieved 27 November 2025</ref> == Metswedi == hkobvflfb0e4d97sodz20op8ezgiwgs Setlhopha sa Kgwele ya Dinao sa Gaborone United S.C. 0 14361 52246 2026-07-09T18:23:35Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Setlhopha sa Kgwele ya Dinao sa Gaborone United S.C. 52246 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gaborone United Sporting Club''' (GU) ke setlhopha sa kgwele ya dinao sa lefatshe la [[Botswana]], se se leng kwa [[Gaborone]].<ref>Mlilo, Portia (2 August 2022). [https://news.thevoicebw.com/money-in-the-bank/ "Money in the bank » TheVoiceBW"]. ''TheVoiceBW''. Retrieved 9 November 2022.</ref> Gaborone United e tshameka metshameko ya bona kwa Gaborone United Stadium. == Ditlotla == * [[Botswana Premier League]]: 9 * 1967, 1969, 1970, 1986, 1990, 2009, 2022, 2024–25,<ref>Boranabi, Kabelo (6 February 2026). [https://www.mmegi.bw/sports/gu-tighten-grip-as-police-xi-gasp-for-air/news "GU tighten grip as Police XI gasp for air".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 13 February 2026.</ref>2025–26<ref>Dipholo, Kabelo (8 May 2026). [https://thevoicebw.com/fa-cup-fever-heats-up/ "FA cup fever heats up » TheVoiceBW"]. ''TheVoiceBW''. Retrieved 15 May 2026.</ref> * [[Botswana FA Challenge Cup]]: 9 * 1968, 1970, 1984, 1985, 1990, 2012, 2020, 2022, 2023 * [[Sejana sa Kgololesego sa Botswana]]: 8 * 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1984, 1985, 1992, 1993 * [[Sejana sa Mascom Top 8]]: 2 * 2013, 2015 === Dithonamente tse dingwe === * Kabelano Charity Cup: 2 (2003, 2018) * Gaborone Fitness Centre Tournament: 1 (1984) * City Day Cup: 1 (1993) * Gaborone Sun Challenge Cup: 1 (1994) * Sejana se Segolo: 1 (1995) == Go dira sentle mo dikgaisanyong tsa CAF == * [[CAF Champions League]]: 2 go tlhagelela 2010 - Kgato ya Bobedi 2022/23 - Motshameko wa Ntlha * [[African Cup of Champions Clubs]]: 2 go nna teng 1987 - Motshameko wa Ntlha 1991 - Motshameko wa Ntlha * [[CAF Confederation Cup]]: 1 go tlhagelela 2010 - Legato la Bobedi la 16 * [[CAF Cup]]: 2 matches 1994 - Kgato ya Ntlha 1998 - o ne a ikgogela morago mo Kgatong ya Ntlha == Batshameki ba ba itsegeng ba maloba == * [[Dipsy Selolwane]] * [[Davis Kopi]] 0pgyfmdutun0ymy15froj0fzhi5wmg7 Setlhopa sa kgwele ya dinao sa Mogoditshane Fighters 0 14362 52247 2026-07-09T18:48:07Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Setlhopa sa kgwele ya dinao sa Mogoditshane Fighters 52247 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mogoditshane Fighters''' ke setlhopha sa kgwele ya dinao sa kwa [[Mogoditshane]] kwa lefatsheng la [[Botswana]]. Setlhopha seno se bidiwa "Ba-Brazil". == Dilo tse di fitlhelelwang == * [[Mascom Premier League]]: 4 * 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003 * [[Botswana Challenge Cup]]: 3 * 1999, 2000, 2003 * [[Botswana Independence Cup]]: 1 * 2000 == Go dira sentle mo dikgaisanyong tsa CAF == * [[CAF Champions League]]: 1 go tlhagelela 2002 - Motshameko wa Ntlha * [[CAF Cup Winners' Cup]]: 2 appearances: 2 appearances: 2 appearances: 2 appearances: 2 appearances 2000 - Kgaba ya Ntlha 2001 - Kgato ya Ntlha == Metswedi == 21vie9wakldxr7tot7uqm9x26om2o1q Setlhopha sa kgwele ya dinao sa Jwaneng Galaxy F.C. 0 14363 52249 2026-07-09T19:22:22Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Setlhopha sa kgwele ya dinao sa Jwaneng Galaxy F.C. 52249 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jwaneng Galaxy''' ke setlhopha sa kgwele ya dinao sa Botswana se se leng kwa [[Jwaneng]]. Tlelapa e tshameka mo [[Botswana Premier League]]. == Ditso == Galaxy e ne ya tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015) morago ga go kopanngwa ga ditlelapa tse pedi tsa selegae: Jwaneng Comets le Debswana Youngsters.<ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/14179 "Jwaneng welcomes Galaxy FC"]. ''www.dailynews.gov.bw''. 3 September 2014. Retrieved 20 July 2019</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190720183902/https://www.jwanenggalaxyfc.co.bw/about-us/ "About Us".] ''Jwaneng Galaxy FC''. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2019.</ref> Galaxy e ne ya tlhatlosetswa kwa Botswana Premier League lekgetlo la ntlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano(2015), ba fenya First Division South ka motshameko o le mongwe o o neng o setse.<ref>[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=50240&dir=2015/march/30 "Galaxy, Miscellaneous promoted to the premier league :: Mmegi Online"]</ref><ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201503260793.html "Reference at allafrica.com"]</ref> === Botswana Premier League === Ba eteletswe pele ke mokoetlisi wa Zambia Mike Sithole, Galaxy ba ne ba gapa sejana sa ntlha sa selefera sa setlhopha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016) go ya ko ngwageng wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017), Mascom Top 8 Cup, ba fenya Orapa United ka nako e e okeditsweng kwa makgaolakgannyeng. <ref>[http://www.botswanayouth.com/jwaneng-galaxy-are-mascom-top8-season-6-champions/ "Jwaneng Galaxy are Mascom Top8 season 6 Champions – Botswana Youth Magazine".]</ref>Setlhopha gape se ne sa fetsa sa bobedi mo Botswana Premier League mme sa tsenela CAF Confederation Cup ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobaboedi (2018). <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181025153044/http://www.thegazette.news/statement-of-intent-from-jwaneng-galaxy/ "Reference at www.thegazette.news"]. Archived from the original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.</ref>Sitole o ne a lelekwa mo tirong ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017), mme Galaxy e ne ya fetsa ngwaga wa 2017-18 e le mo maemong a bobedi gape, e le kwa morago ka dintlha di le nne fela go tswa mo go Township Rollers F.C..<ref>[http://www.botswanayouth.com/jwaneng-galaxy-fires-coach-over-poor-results/ "Jwaneng Galaxy Fires Coach Over Poor Results – Botswana Youth Magazine"]</ref> Miguel da Costa o ne a nna mokatisi wa setlhopha sa 2018-19 morago ga go tlogela Vipers SC ya [[Uganda]].<ref>[https://www.kawowo.com/2018/07/31/former-vipers-head-coach-lands-job-in-botswana/ "Former Vipers head coach Da Costa lands job in Botswana"]</ref> === Kgaisano mo Aforika === Ka fa tlase ga [[Morena Ramoreboli]], Galaxy e ne ya ikwadisetsa ditlhopha tsa African Champions League lekgetlho la ntlha ka gwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe (2021) go ya ko ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2022).<ref>[https://www.kawowo.com/2018/07/31/former-vipers-head-coach-lands-job-in-botswana/ "Former Vipers head coach Da Costa lands job in Botswana"]</ref> === Ditlotla === Lekgotla * [[Botswana Premier League]] * Ditshimega (3): 2019 ⁇ 20, 2022 ⁇ 23, 2023 ⁇ 24 * Bafenyi ba bobedi (3): 2017, 2018, 2019 * [[Botswana First Division Borwa]] * Mofenyi wa ntlha: 2015 === Dikopi === * [[Botswana FA Challenge Cup]] * Bafenyi (2): 2024, 2025[10] * Sejana sa Mascom Top 8 * Bafenyi (2): 2016 ⁇ 17,[11] 2018 ⁇ 19 == Metswedi == egx52hftsdjo1yr8aucsx4m6dus4d0l Setlhopha sa kgwele ya dinao sa Mochudi Centre Chiefs SC 0 14364 52267 2026-07-10T06:37:59Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Setlhopha sa kgwele ya dinao sa Mochudi Centre Chiefs SC 52267 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mochudi Centre Chiefs Sporting Club''' ke setlhopha sa kgwele ya dinao sa kwa [[Mochudi]], kwa lefatsheng la [[Botswana]], se se tshamekang mo Botswana Premier League morago ga go bona teseletso go tswa kwa Masitaoka, ba boela kwa maemong a a kwa godimo morago ga go tswa mo Premier League ka gwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019). Centre Chiefs e fentse Botswana Premier League, e leng maemo a a kwa godimo a kgwele ya dinao ya Botswana, ka makgetlo a le mane. Setlhopha seno se tswa kwa [[Mochudi]], e leng motse o mogolo o o kwa ntle ga [[Gaborone]], toropokgolo ya lefatshe. == Ditso == Mochudi Centre Chiefs e ne ya tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabogwe le masome a supa le bobedi (1972) ke bagolo ba selegae.<ref>[https://botswanapremierleague.com/team/937/Mochudi-Centre-Chiefs/1007/Botswana-Premier-League-2017-18/ "Mochudi Centre Chiefs"]. Botswana Premier League.</ref> Centre Chiefs e ne ya nna le katlego ya bone ya ntlha e kgolo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008) fa ba ne ba fenya Botswana Premier League, fa ba ne ba tsamaya ka paka yotlhe ba sa fenngwa. <ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/200806020676.html "Botswana: The 2007/2008 Mascom Premiere League- a Historical Season".] allafrica.com. 30 May 2008</ref>Setlhopha sa Chiefs se ne sa gapa dikgele tse di latelanang ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso (2011) go ya ko ngwageng wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012) le go tsena ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013).<ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/botschamp.html "Botswana - List of Champions". ''RSSSF''.]</ref>Morago ga moo ba ne ba fenya dikgaisano tse di farologaneng tsa dikopi magareng ga ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008) le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015). Setlhopha seno se nnile le katlego e kgolo thata mo dingwageng tse di lesome tse di fetileng, se fentse dikgele di le lesome le botlhano fa e sa le ka nako eo. Mo gae, Mochudi Centre Chiefs ba fentse dikgele di le nne tsa diligi, di le nne tsa Kabelano Charity Cup, Sejana se le sengwe sa Coca-Cola le Sejana se le sengwe sa Super, fa mo dikgaisanong tsa kontinente ba gaisana ka gale mo [[CAF Champions League.]] Mochudi Centre Chiefs' home kit colours ke jet black le pearl white, fa away colours ele ruby red le pearl white. Mochudi Centre Chiefs e ntse e le ya malapa a ga Jamali le Letshwiti. Batshameki ba Chiefs ba ne ba ya go dira seteraeke ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018) morago ga kgotlhang ya tuelo.<ref>[https://thevoicebw.com/chiefs-players-on-strike/ "Chiefs Players on Strike"]. The Voice BW. 26 October 2018.</ref> Morago ga setlha se se thata, Chiefs ba ne ba tlhatlogela kwa karolong ya bobedi ka motshameko o le mongwe go tshameka. <ref>Mosinyi, Thato (29 May 2019). [https://www.africandiasporaleaders.com/botswana-chiefs-football-giant-fall/ "Botswana: Chiefs – Football Giant Fall"]</ref>Morago ga go wa ga bona, Centre Chiefs ba ne ba tswelela go tshameka mo Botswana First Division South go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024). Le fa gone ba ne ba feletsa ba le kwa ntle ga maemo a go tlhatlosiwa maemo, mme ba ne ba kgaolwa dintlha di le nne , setlhopha se ne sa bona laesense ya Premier League ya Masitaoka.<ref>Boranabi, Kabelo (29 April 2024). [https://www.mmegi.bw/sports/chiefs-hope-to-get-docked-points-back/news "Chiefs hope to get docked points back".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 23 August 2024.</ref> == Diphelelo == [[Botswana Premier League]]: 4 * Bafenyi: 2007 ⁇ 08, 2011 ⁇ 12, 2012 ⁇ 13, 2014 ⁇ 15 [[FA Challenge Cup (Botswana)]]: 1 * 2008 == Go dira sentle mo dikgaisanyong tsa CAF == [[CAF Cup]]: 2 matches * 1997 - Kgato ya Bobedi * 2000 - Kgaba ya Ntlha [[CAF Cup Winners' Cup]]: 1 go tlhagelela * 1992 - Kgatelopele ya Ntlha == Batshameki ba ba tumileng == === <ref>[http://www.sundaystandard.info/print_article.php?NewsID=12339 Sunday Standard - Online Edition ::: Can Magosi withstand the test of the times]? {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519164330/http://www.sundaystandard.info/print_article.php?NewsID=12339|date=2012-05-19}}</ref> === === Botswana === * [[Seabo Gabanakgosi]] * [[Noah Kareng]] * William Kehitilwe * [[Sekhana Koko]] * Barolong Lemmenyane * [[Mpho Mabogo]] * [[Kgosietsile Mampori]] * [[Noah Maposa]] * Oteng Moalosi * [[Lovemore Mokgweetsi]] * [[Dirang Moloi]] * [[Galabgwe Moyana]] * Kekaetswe Moloi * Raphael Nthwane * [[Keitumetse Paul]] * [[Molathegi Podile]] * [[Jerome Ramatlhakwane]] * [[Innocent Ranku]] * [[Gobonyeone Selefa]] * [[Thato Siska]] * [[James Tshekedi]] === Aforika Borwa === Afrika Borwa Tshweu Makhoere [8] === Zambia === * [[Linos Chalwe]] * James Kachinga * Musonda Mweuke === Zimbabwe === * Itayi Gwandu * Otsile Moje == Bakgweetsi ba ba itsegeng == * [[Beston Chambeshi]] * [[Mike Sithole]] (2007) * [[Rahman Gumbo]] (2010) * [[Serbia Dragojlo Stanojlović]] (2013 ⁇ 14) * [[Mike Sithole]] (2014 ⁇ present) == Metswedi == 0i2nrvuxpuqmfcrnkdmnpn3rle0ez2w Sekhana Koko 0 14365 52269 2026-07-10T06:47:20Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Sekhana Koko 52269 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sekhana Koko''' <ref>[https://globalsportsarchive.com/people/soccer/sekhana-koko/85915/ Sekhana Koko - Soccer player profile & career statistics - Global Sports Archive"]. ''globalsportsarchive.com''</ref>(o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya 23 Phukwi e le masome a mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le boraro (1983) ke motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao wa Motswana yo o tshamekelang Mochudi Centre Chiefs mo Botswana First Division South <ref>Strack-Zimmermann, Benjamin. [https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/36604/Sekhana_Koko.html "Sekhana Koko"]. ''www.national-football-teams.com''.</ref>le setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa Botswana. == Ditlotla == === Club === ==== Lesagaripa la Jwaneng ==== * [[Mascom Top 8 Cu]]<nowiki/>p: 2016 ⁇ 17 ==== Dithuthuntshwane tsa Township ==== * [[Botswana Premier League]]: 2010 ⁇ 11, 2013 ⁇ 14, 2015 ⁇ 16 * [[Mascom Top 8 Cup]]: 2011 ⁇ 12 == Metswedi == m034txpgfs1z34g6ogeyueh612esdph Kgaolo ya Botlhophi ya Chobe 0 14366 52281 2026-07-10T08:30:31Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Kgaolo ya Botlhophi ya Chobe 52281 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chobe''' ke kgaolo ya palamente mo [[Kgaolo ya Chobe|Kgaolong ya Chobe]] e e tlhamilweng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi . E emetswe mo [[Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba ya Botswana]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone ke Simasiku Mapulanga wa [[Botswana Congress Party|Botswana Congress Party.]]<ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/82888 "BCP wins Chobe Constituency".] ''[[:en:Daily_News_Botswana|DailyNews]]''. 1 November 2024. Retrieved 15 December 2024.</ref> == Setlhopha sa ditlhopho == Setlhopha se se tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi ka go aroganngwa ga Maun/Chobe ka ditlhopha di le tharo (Maun West, Maun East le Chobe). Fa e sale e tlhomiwa, Chobe e ne e tlhopha bontlhopheng ba [[BDP]], ntle fela le ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe, fa e ne e tlhopha [[BCP]]. E gaufi le [[kgaolo ya Chobe]] mme e na le metsana e e latelang:<ref>''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 DELIMITATION COMMISSION REPORT]'' (PDF). 2022. pp.&#x20;1–2.</ref> [[Kasane]] Lesoma Mabele Muchenje Pandamatenga Kachikau Kavimba Satau Parakarungu Kazungula == Metswedi == 82nlxfcvdjtnp981xrv6ttrf5ckzkka Kgaolo ya Botlhophi ya Maun Bokone 0 14367 52282 2026-07-10T08:45:40Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Kgaolo ya Botlhophi ya Maun Bokone 52282 wikitext text/x-wiki Kgaolo ya botlhophi ya Maun Bokone ke kgaolo ya go tlhophiwa ya [[Bokone Bophirima|Bokone-Bophirima]] e e emetsweng mo Kokoanong Bosetšhaba ya Botswana. Morago ga go wediwa ga Delimitation of Parliamentary constituencies ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi , setilo se ne sa tsenelwa lekgetlo la ntlha mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone, fa e sale se tsholwa ke [[Dumelang Saleshando]] wa [[Botswana Congress Party|Botswana Congress Party,]] yo gape e leng Moeteledipele wa gompieno wa Kganetso.<ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/82907 "Saleshando wins Maun North".] [[:en:Daily_News_Botswana|''DailyNews''.]] 1 November 2024. Retrieved 15 December 2024.</ref><ref name=":0">''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 DELIMITATION COMMISSION REPORT]'' (PDF). 2022. p.&#x20;4.</ref> == Setlhopha sa ditlhopho == Motse wa Maun ke wa selegae, mme o akaretsa dikarolo tse di kwa bokone jwa Maun. Toropo e na le metse e e latelang:<ref name=":0" /> Dikarolo tsa Maun Sankoyo [[Shorobe]] [[Khwai]] Xaxaba [[Mababe]] Go latlha dithoto == Metswedi == kx6dsargh0rgzaotrto77o93dlp806n Motse wa Khwai 0 14368 52285 2026-07-10T08:59:09Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Motse wa Khwai 52285 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Children in Khwai Botswana.jpg|thumb|Bana ba tshameka kwa motseng wa Khwai]] '''Khwai''' ke motsana o o mo lotshitshing lwa bokone jwa [[Noka ya Khwai]] mo [[Kgaolo ya Bokone Bophirima (Botswana)|Kgaolong ya Bokone-Bophirima]] jwa [[Botswana]]. <ref>[https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/-19.1787/23.7502 Khwai map]</ref>Noka eno ke yone molelwane o o kwa bokone wa Moremi Game Reserve, mme motse ono o kwa ntle ga kgoro e e kwa bokone ya lefelo leno, e e kwa ntlheng ya botlhaba jwa [[Letsha la Okavango.]] [[Setshwantsho:Botswana location map.svg|thumb]] Motse o na le baagi ba ka nna makgolo a mane a Bugakhwe<ref>Bolaane, Maitseo M. M. (2002). [https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=P00008742 "Bugakhwe San Community of Khwai: Mapping its own Territory"]. ''Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies''. '''16''' (2): 86–97. ISSN&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-2316 0256-2316.]</ref>kgotsa River Bushmen. Bontsi jwa banni ba teng ke Ba-Bugakhwe mme bangwe ba bone ke [[Ba-Bayei.]] Ba-Bugakhwe ke setlhopha sa Ba-San, Ba-Bushmen kgotsa Ba-Basarwa, e leng setlhopha sa batho ba ba tlholegang kwa borwa jwa Afrika ba e neng e le batsomi le barui. Bugakhwe kgotsa Buga-kxoe ke puo ya bagologolwane ba motse ono, mme go buiwa le Setswana, sekgowa le Se-Afrikaans. Bosupi jwa baithutamarope bo supa gore ditlhopha tse di farologaneng tsa Ba-Basarwa di ntse di nna kwa Botswana bonnye dingwaga di le dikete tse masome a mabedi le bobedi, mme ga go itsiwe gore ba-Bugakhwe ba ne ba kopana leng le gore ba ne ba tshwaragana leng le kgaolo ya Khwai. Bagolwane ba Ba-Khwai ba gakologelwa ba tshela ka tsela ya setso ya go tsoma le go kgobokanya dijo go fitlha ka bo ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro fa ba ne ba kgothalediwa go nna mo metseng. Kwa tshimologong baagi ba motse ono ba ne ba nna mo lefelong le gone jaanong e leng karolo ya [[Moremi Game Reserve]] mme ba ne ba lelekwa ka dikgoka ke Puso ya Botswana. Batho ba kwa Khwai ba dira thulaganyo ya bojanala jwa tikologo le thulaganyo ya go dira gore tikologo e nne e e sireletsegileng gore ba kgone go sireletsa tikologo e e tlhomologileng ya lefelo leno. Ba aga mokgatlho wa bojanala o o tsamaisiwang ke setšhaba e le karolo ya thulaganyo ya Botswana ya go laola metswedi ya tlholego. Go na le mafelo a mantsi a boikhutso le dikampa tsa safari tse di dikologileng motse. <ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/@-19.1645671,23.75535,3679m/data=!3m1!1e3 Google Maps - Khwai village]</ref> Khwai e direlwa ke [[maemelo a difofane a noka ya Khwai.]] Metswedi cra32mrxyja9zn2sy6h8i4zljlu2dsq Kgaolo ya Botlhophi ya Maun Botlhaba 0 14369 52289 2026-07-10T09:27:58Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Kgaolo ya Botlhophi ya Maun Botlhaba 52289 wikitext text/x-wiki Kgaolo ya Maun Botlhaba e mo Kgaolong ya Bokone-Bophirima se se emetsweng mo Kokoanong Bosetšhaba ya Botswana. E emetswe mo [[Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba ya Botswana]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe ke [[Goretetse Kekgonegile]] wa [[Botswana Congress Party|Botswana Congress Party.]] == Popego ya Kgaolo ya Botlhophi == Setlhopha se se tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi morago ga go fedisiwa ga setlhopha sa Maun/Chobe le go kgaoganngwa ga sona ka dikarolo di le tharo (Chobe, Maun East le Maun West).<ref>''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/Final%20Report%20Delimitation.pdf REPORT OF THE DELIMITATION COMMISSION, 2012]'' (PDF). 2012. pp.&#x20;74–76.</ref>Kwa tshimologong e ne e na le bogolo jwa kgaolo ya magae ya Maun. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi karolo ya kgaolo ya yone e ne ya tsenngwa mo Maun West. Setlhopha se ne se tlhopha BDP go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe , fa UDC e e fenya. Kgaolo e e akaretsa mafelo a a latelang:<ref>''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 DELIMITATION COMMISSION REPORT]'' (PDF). 2022. p.&#x20;4.</ref> Karolo ya [[Maun]] [[Makalamabedi]] Chanoga Samedupi [[Phuduhudu, Bokone botlhaba|Phuduhudu]] Somelo == Metswedi == 2yt5t2sje4cct5xnwudj0jcch6mumi8 Kgaolo ya Botlhophi ya Maun Bophirima 0 14370 52291 2026-07-10T09:54:27Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Kgaolo ya Botlhophi ya Maun Bophirima 52291 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maun Bophirima''' ke kgaolo ya botlhophi mo [[Kgaolo ya Bokone Bophirima (Botswana)|Kgaolong ya Bokone-Bophirima.]] E emetswe mo [[Kokoanong Bosetšhaba ya Botswana]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone ke [[Caterpillar Hikuama]] wa [[Botswana Congress Party|Botswana Congress Party.]] == Popego ya Kgaolo ya Botlhophi == Setlhopha se se tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi morago ga go fedisiwa ga setlhopha sa Maun/Chobe le go kgaoganngwa ga sona ka dikarolo di le tharo (Chobe, Maun East le Maun West). Kwa tshimologong e ne e le potlana thata mme kgaolo ya yone e ne e le mo e ka nnang ka botlalo mo motseng wa [[Maun]]. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone le wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe. kgaolo e ne ya tlhophiwa ke batlhophi ba BDP, Ronald Ridge le Tawana Moremi. Moremi o ne a tswa mo [[BDP]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome go tsenela Botswana Movement for Democracy, e e neng ya bopa [[Umbrella for Democratic Change|Umbrella for Democratic Change.]] Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi kgaolo e ne ya atolosiwa ka mafelo a selegae a Maun East le Ngami. Moremi o ne a tlhophiwa gape ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone jaaka moemedi wa UDC. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe , mokgethi wa UDC e ne e le Dumelang Saleshando, moeteledipele wa BCP, a fenya ka pharologano e kgolo. Kgaolo e e akaretsa mafelo a a latelang:[2] Karolo ya [[Maun]] [[Sehithwa]] [[Kareng]] [[Bodibeng]] [[Komana]] [[Toteng]] Bothatogo Sembogo Makakung == Metswedi == 2kygeej50kasgdbz8jujq8cuesz1tyy Kgaolo ya Botlhophi ya Ngami 0 14371 52294 2026-07-10T10:28:23Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Kgaolo ya Botlhophi ya Ngami 52294 wikitext text/x-wiki Ngami ke kgaolo ya go tlhophiwa mo [[Kgaolo ya Bokone Bophirima (Botswana)|Kgaolong ya Bokone-Bophirima]] e e emetsweng mo [[Kokoanong Bosetšhaba ya Botswana]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone ke Phillimon Aaron wa Lekgotla la [[Botswana Congress Party]]. == Popego ya Kgaolo ya Botlhophi == Ngami ke nngwe ya dikgaolo di le mmalwa tse di neng tsa tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano go dira ditlhopho tsa Ntlokokoano Bosetšhaba tse di sa ntseng di na le leina la tsone go tloga ka nako eo. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano go fitlha ka dingwaga wa dikete tse pedi, Ngami e ne e le lefelo le le babalesegileng la [[BDP.]] Setilo se ne sa nna le kgaisano e ntsi go tswa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone mme ka ngwaga wa dikete tse le borobabongwe Goyamang Habano go tswa go BAM (moragonyana e ne ya kopanngwa le BCP) o ne a tlhophiwa jaaka Mopalamente wa ntlha wa BDP mo tikologong eo. BDP e kgonne go busetsa setlho] Fa seno ka palo e nnye ya diboutu di le masome a mane le borobabobedi go tswa go BCP ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe , morago ga gore BCP e tsenele UDC, e ne ya busetsa setilo seno mo maemong a kganetso mo Kgaolong ya Bokone-Bophirima mme ya fenngwa ke BCP ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone. Setlhopha se, se bontsi jwa sone se leng kwa magaeng, se akaretsa metse e e latelang:<ref>''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 DELIMITATION COMMISSION REPORT]'' (PDF). 2022. p.&#x20;6.</ref> [[Gumare]] Etsha 1 Etsha 6 [[Nokaneng]] [[Qangwa]] [[Xaxa]] [[Tubu]] [[Habu]] == Metswedi == lqqtqbnqdkm3aetf94m0btuqy6vey4w Nxai Pan 0 14372 52300 2026-07-10T10:48:10Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Nxai Pan #Wikipedia25BW 52300 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Botswana Nxai Pan NP Salzpfanne.jpg|thumb|Botswana Nxai Pan]] '''Nxai Pan''' ke lefelo le legolo le le nang le letswai<ref>W. Olivier, 1998</ref> le e leng bontlha jwa [[Makgadikgadi pans|Makgadikgadi Pans]] kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa [[Botswana]]. E mo tseleng e kgologolo ya [[Pandamatenga]], e go fitlhelela ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro e neng e dirisiwa go kgweetsa dikgomo. Lefelo le, le na le ditlhare tsa umbrealla acacia gape le tshwana le la [[Serengeti]] kwa [[Tanzania]].<ref>Matthew D. Firestone; Adam Karlin (2010). [[iarchive:isbn_9781741049220|''Botswana & Namibia''.]] Lonely Planet. p.&nbsp;109. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-922-0|978-1-74104-922-0]]</bdi>.</ref> Nxai Pan e tsentswe mo mafaratlhatlheng a [[Nxai Pan National Park]] go oketsa [[Makgadikgadi Pans National Park]], ka jalo go diriwa lefelo le le okeditsweng la tshomarelo tikologo.<ref>C.M.Hogan, 2008</ref> 'X' o emetse modumo wa go thwantsha loleme. Medumo ya go thwantsha loleme e tlwaelesegile mo ditemeng tsa Khoisam le tse dingwe tsa batho bantsho ba kwa borwa.<ref>[https://www.exploring-africa.com/en/botswana/nxai-pan-national-park/nxai-pan-national-park "The Nxai Pan National Park"]. 16 September 2017.</ref> == Diphologolo tsa naga == Lefelo le, ke bontlha jo bogolo jwa Nxai National park, gape ke legae la dipaka dingwe la matlhape a dipitse tsa naga le dikgokong. Ka dipaka tsa pula ka Morule go tsena Moranang, lefelo le le nna le bojang gape le ngoka diphologolo tse ka bontsi jwa dikete di le masome, ga mmogo le dipalo tse dipotlana tsa dikukama, diphofu le dikgama tse dikhibidu.<ref>Chris McIntyre (1 April 2014). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=x3ElAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA404&redir_esc=y Botswana Safari Guide: Okavango Delta, Chobe, Northern Kalahari]''. Bradt Travel Guides. p.&nbsp;399. ISBN[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-84162-489-1|&nbsp;<bdi>978-1-84162-489-1</bdi>]].</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Ntwetwe Pan]] * [[Sua Pan]] == Metswedi == hctfasygz2nvce6dbp2dddnbjammc2j 52301 52300 2026-07-10T10:50:40Z JudithShe 9421 Ke golagantse tsebe e le e nngwe #Wikipedia25BW 52301 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Botswana Nxai Pan NP Salzpfanne.jpg|thumb|Botswana Nxai Pan]] '''Nxai Pan''' ke lefelo le legolo le le nang le letswai<ref>W. Olivier, 1998</ref> le e leng bontlha jwa [[Makgadikgadi pans|Makgadikgadi Pans]] kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa [[Botswana]]. E mo tseleng e kgologolo ya [[Pandamatenga]], e go fitlhelela ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro e neng e dirisiwa go kgweetsa dikgomo. Lefelo le, le na le ditlhare tsa umbrella acacia gape le tshwana le la [[Serengeti]] kwa [[Tanzania]].<ref>Matthew D. Firestone; Adam Karlin (2010). [[iarchive:isbn_9781741049220|''Botswana & Namibia''.]] Lonely Planet. p.&nbsp;109. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-922-0|978-1-74104-922-0]]</bdi>.</ref> Nxai Pan e tsentswe mo mafaratlhatlheng a [[Nxai Pan National Park]] go oketsa [[Makgadikgadi Pans National Park]], ka jalo go diriwa lefelo le le okeditsweng la tshomarelo tikologo.<ref>C.M.Hogan, 2008</ref> 'X' o emetse modumo wa go thwantsha loleme. Medumo ya go thwantsha loleme e tlwaelesegile mo ditemeng tsa Khoisan le tse dingwe tsa batho bantsho ba kwa borwa.<ref>[https://www.exploring-africa.com/en/botswana/nxai-pan-national-park/nxai-pan-national-park "The Nxai Pan National Park"]. 16 September 2017.</ref> == Diphologolo tsa naga == Lefelo le, ke bontlha jo bogolo jwa Nxai National park, gape ke legae la dipaka dingwe la matlhape a dipitse tsa naga le dikgokong. Ka dipaka tsa pula ka Morule go tsena Moranang, lefelo le le nna le bojang gape le ngoka diphologolo tse ka bontsi jwa dikete di le masome, ga mmogo le dipalo tse dipotlana tsa dikukama, diphofu le dikgama tse dikhibidu.<ref>Chris McIntyre (1 April 2014). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=x3ElAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA404&redir_esc=y Botswana Safari Guide: Okavango Delta, Chobe, Northern Kalahari]''. Bradt Travel Guides. p.&nbsp;399. ISBN[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-84162-489-1|&nbsp;<bdi>978-1-84162-489-1</bdi>]].</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Ntwetwe Pan]] * [[Lekadiba la Sua]] == Metswedi == obhwhz4i5xnr4x0z93denfidtr3w019 Lentswe la Monalanong 0 14373 52302 2026-07-10T10:58:01Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Lentswe la Monalanong #Wikipedia25BW 52302 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Mannyelanong Hill 20200721.jpg|thumb|Lentswe la Monalanong]] '''Lentswe la Monalanong''' ke thaba e gantsi e supiwang e le lefelo le le kwa godimo thata mo [[Botswana]], palo ya bo kwa godimo ya dimithara di le sekete, makgolo a mane, masome a robabongwe le bone e tsewa mo dipalong tsa SRTM. [[Lentswe la Otse]] (le le kwa godimo dimithara di le sekete, makgolo a mane, masome a robabongwe le motso) kgotsa lentswe la [[Tsodilo]] (le le kwa godimo dimithara di le sekete, le makgolo a mane) le tsone gantsi di supiwa e le mafelo a a kwa godimo thata a Botswana.<ref>{{in lang|en}} [https://www.worldheritagesite.org/tags/tag341.html Territorial Highest points] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323220146/http://worldheritagesite.org/tags/tag341.html|date=2009-03-23}}, World Heritage Site, accessed on April 10, 2009.</ref> == Metswedi == mcika61g6ftepzpp2nvn6epimtfid5d Lentswe la Otse 0 14374 52305 2026-07-10T11:17:27Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Lentswe la Otse #Wikipedia25BW 52305 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lentswe la Otse''' ke lefelo le le kwa godimo le gantsi le supiwa e le lefelo le le kwa godimo thata mo Botswana, ka bo kwa godimo jwa dimithara di le sekete, makgolo a mane, masome a robabongwe le motso. Le kwa motseng wa Otse, kwa kgaolong ya Borwa-Botlhaba. Mo dipalong tsa SRMT, palo ya yone e e kwa godimo ke dimithara di le sekete, makgolo a mane, masome a robabobedi le borataro. Mmepe wa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe wa lephata la ditshekatsheko le mebepe, o supa lefelo le le supileng kwa godimo kwa lentsweng la Otse ka bo kwa godimo jwa dimithara di le sekete, makgolo a mane, masome a robabongwe le motso. Lentswe la Monalanong (le le bo kwa godimo jwa dimithara di le sekete, makgolo a mane, masome a robabongwe le bone) kgotsa dithaba tsa Tsodilo (tse di kwa godimo dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a mane) le one gantsi a supiwa e le mafelo a akwa godimo thata mo Botswana.<ref>{{in lang|en}} [https://www.worldheritagesite.org/tags/tag341.html Territorial Highest points] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323220146/http://worldheritagesite.org/tags/tag341.html|date=2009-03-23}}, World Heritage Site, accessed on 10 July 2026</ref> == Metswedi == 0ek9g38y7udowk8f5sbjl95a9r9zurq 52307 52305 2026-07-10T11:18:47Z JudithShe 9421 Ke golagantse tsebe e le tse dingwe #Wikipedia25BW 52307 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lentswe la Otse''' ke lefelo le le kwa godimo le gantsi le supiwa e le lefelo le le kwa godimo thata mo [[Botswana]], ka bo kwa godimo jwa dimithara di le sekete, makgolo a mane, masome a robabongwe le motso. Le kwa motseng wa [[Otse]], kwa kgaolong ya Borwa-Botlhaba. Mo dipalong tsa SRMT, palo ya yone e e kwa godimo ke dimithara di le sekete, makgolo a mane, masome a robabobedi le borataro. Mmepe wa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe wa lephata la ditshekatsheko le mebepe, o supa lefelo le le supileng kwa godimo kwa lentsweng la Otse ka bo kwa godimo jwa dimithara di le sekete, makgolo a mane, masome a robabongwe le motso. [[Lentswe la Monalanong]] (le le bo kwa godimo jwa dimithara di le sekete, makgolo a mane, masome a robabongwe le bone) kgotsa dithaba tsa [[Tsodilo]] (tse di kwa godimo dimithara di le sekete le makgolo a mane) le one gantsi a supiwa e le mafelo a akwa godimo thata mo Botswana.<ref>{{in lang|en}} [https://www.worldheritagesite.org/tags/tag341.html Territorial Highest points] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323220146/http://worldheritagesite.org/tags/tag341.html|date=2009-03-23}}, World Heritage Site, accessed on 10 July 2026</ref> == Metswedi == jtm2hdzin9iev6gpooft7hhttoayfge