Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Wikipedia 0 2077 52367 52298 2026-07-12T12:27:25Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the section "Collaborative editing" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361864839|Wikipedia]]" 52367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | name = Wikipedia | logo = [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-tn.svg|250px]] | logo_caption = Sekano sa [[Wikipedia]] | screenshot = Wikipedia Portal Screenshot (2022).svg{{!}}border | screenshot_alt = Wikipedia portal showing the different languages sorted by article count | collapsible = yes | caption = Tebego ya tsebe ya konokono ya Wikipedia ka komputara | type = [[Maranyane a encyclopedia]] | language_count = {{NUMBEROF|languages|Wikipedia}} | country_of_origin = United States | owner = {{Unbulleted list|[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|}} | authors = {{Unbulleted list|[[Jimmy Wales]]|[[Larry Sanger]]}} | url = {{URL|https://www.wikipedia.org/|wikipedia.org}} | commercial = Nyaa | registration = Wa ithopela | num_users = [[List of Wikipedias#Statistics totals|>{{formatnum:{{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ACTIVEUSERS|totalactive.wikipedia}}}}}}]] active editors<ref> To be considered [[Special:ActiveUsers|active]], a user must make at least one edit or other action in a given month.</ref><br />[[list of Wikipedias#Statistics totals|>{{formatnum:{{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|USERS|totalactive.wikipedia}}}}}}]] registered users | launch_date = {{Start date and age|mf=yes|p=yes|br=yes|2001|1|15}} | current_status = Active | content_license = {{Nowrap|[[Creative Commons license|CC Attribution / Share-Alike]] 3.0}}<br />Most text is also dual-licensed under [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]]; media licensing varies | programming_language = [[LAMP (software bundle)|LAMP]] platform<ref name="roadchap">{{cite web |url=https://rogchap.com/2011/09/06/top-40-website-programming-languages/ |title= Top 40 Website Programming Languages |website= rogchap.com |author= Chapman, Roger |date= September 6, 2011 |access-date= September 6, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922015103/https://rogchap.com/2011/09/06/top-40-website-programming-languages/ |archive-date= September 22, 2013}}</ref> | oclc = 52075003 }} '''Wikipedia''' ke [[Ensaetlolopedia|ensatlolopedia]] ya mahala. E botlhokwa tota go dirisediwa go ka tlaleletsa dithuto. E fitlhelelwa ke mongwe le mongwe. Motho o ka dirisa mogala wa letheka kgotsa mafaratlhatlha a inthanete (internet) go ka batla kitso ka sengwe. ==Metswedi== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Wikipedia]] == Ditso == Go ne ga lekeletswa diensaetlolopedia tse di farologaneng tsa tirisanommogo tsa mo mafaratlhatlheng (inthanete) pele ga go simololwa ga Wikipedia, mme tsotlhe tsa atlega fela e seng mo go kalo kalo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Garber |first=Megan |date=October 12, 2011 |title=The contribution conundrum: Why did Wikipedia succeed while other encyclopedias failed? |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2011/10/the-contribution-conundrum-why-did-wikipedia-succeed-while-other-encyclopedias-failed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114540/https://www.niemanlab.org/2011/10/the-contribution-conundrum-why-did-wikipedia-succeed-while-other-encyclopedias-failed/ |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=June 5, 2016 |website=Nieman Lab}}</ref> Wikipedia e simolotse e le lenaneo le le tlaleletsang Nupedia, e leng thulaganyo ya mahala ya mafaratlhatlha a inthanete ya ensaetlolopedia ya puo ya Sekgoa e makwalo a yone a neng a kwalwa ke baitseanape le go sekasekwa ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo e e tlhomameng. <ref name="KockJungSyn2016">{{Cite journal |last=Kock |first=Ned |author-link=Ned Kock |last2=Jung |first2=Yusun |last3=Syn |first3=Thant |date=2016 |title=Wikipedia and e-Collaboration Research: Opportunities and Challenges |url=https://cits.tamiu.edu/kock/pubs/journals/2016JournalIJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration/Kock_etal_2016_IJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[International Journal of e-Collaboration]] |publisher=IGI Global |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.4018/IJeC.2016040101 |issn=1548-3681 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927001627/https://cits.tamiu.edu/kock/pubs/journals/2016JournalIJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration/Kock_etal_2016_IJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration.pdf |archive-date=September 27, 2016}}</ref> E tlhomilwe ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a le boferabongwe, ngwaga wa 2000, e le ya Bomis, e leng kompone ya web portal . Batho ba bagolo ba yone e ne e le Mookamedi-mogolo wa Bomis e bong Jimmy Wales le Larry Sanger, morulaganyi-mogolo wa Nupedia mme moragonyana wa Wikipedia. Nupedia e neilwe teseletso lantlha ka fa tlase ga teseletso ya yone ya Diteng tse di Buletsweng tsa Nupedia. Pele ga Wikipedia e tlhongwa, Nupedia e ne ya fetogela kwa Teseletso ya Dikwalo ya Mahala ya GNU se se rotloediwa ke Richard Stallman . Gantsi Wales o fiwa tlotla gore o ne a kgona go tlhalosa ka botlalo maikano a go dira ensaetlolopedia e makwalo a yone a kgonang go kwalwa le go baakangwa ke setshaba , fa Sanger ene a bokelwa go tswa ka leano la go dirisa wiki go fitlhelela maikano ao. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-15 |title=Tech Rewind: How Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia came to be |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/health-and-fitness/article/tech-rewind--how-wikipedia--the-free-encyclopedia-came-to-be-15915177 |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome, ngwaga wa 2001, Sanger o ne a ntsha mogopolo mo dithomelong tsa Nupedia go tlhama wiki gore e bereke go "thusa" lenaneo la Nupedia. <ref name="nupedia feeder from WP 1" group="W">{{Cite news|last=Sanger|first=Larry|date=January 10, 2001|title=Let's Make a Wiki|url=https://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html|access-date=December 26, 2008|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> === Tshimololo le kgolo === Wikipedia e simolodisitswe ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001, (ka dinako tse dingwe le bidiwa "Letsatsi la Wikipedia"), {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=7}} e le kgatiso e le nngwe ya puo ya Sekgoa e e nang le leina la kgolagano ya ''www.wikipedia.com'', mme le ne la bolelwa ke Sanger mo dithomelong tsa Nupedia. Leina le, le le duleng ka Sanger go thibela tshenyo epe e e ka nnang teng mo leineng la Nupedia, <ref>{{Cite news|last=Larry Sanger|author-link=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> le simolotse mo motswakong wa mafoko ''wiki'' le ''encyclopedia'' . Wales o boletse gore kgopolo ya Wikipedia e ne ya tlhotlhelediwa ke dikgopolo tsa thulaganyo e e sa rulaganngwang e e neng e amana le Friedrich Hayek le [[Austrian School|Sekolo sa tsa itsholelo sa kwa Austria]] morago ga gore moitseanape wa tsa itsholelo yo o ratang kgololesego e bong Mark Thornton a supe megopolo ye . <ref>{{Cite news|date=2009-04-15|title=Wikipedia's Model Follows Hayek - WSJ|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123976347774119699}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mangu-Ward |first=Katherine |date=2007-05-30 |title=Wikipedia and Beyond |url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ |archive-date=July 25, 2021 |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Reason.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Segolobogolo, Wales o ne ya tlhotlhelediwa ke polelo ya ga Hayek ya Tiriso ya Kitso mo Setšhabeng e e neng e bolela gore e ne e le "konokono" mo mogopolong wa gagwe ka ga "kafa a ka laolang lenaneo la Wikipedia ka teng". <ref name=":0" /> Molao wa tsamaiso ya yone o o botlhokwa wa " pono e e sa tseyeng letlhakore " o ne wa simolola mo ngwageng wa yone wa ntlha . {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=29}}Mme fela, go ne go na le melao e mmalwa, mme e ne e bereka e sa laolwe ke Nupedia. Bomis kwa tshimologong e ne e ikaeletse gore e nne kgwebo e e dirang dipoelo. <ref name="Seth-Finkelstein">{{Cite news|date=September 25, 2008|title=Read me first: Wikipedia isn't about human potential, whatever Wales says|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/sep/25/wikipedia.internet|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> Wikipedia e ne ya bona bakwadi/batlatsi ba ntlha go tswa mo Nupedia, dipego tsa ''Slashdot'', le go dira dikgolagano tsa enjene ya patlo ya webo. Dikgatiso tsa puo di ne tsa tlhamiwa go simolola ka Mopitlo 2001, mme palo yotlhe ya tse di ne di dirisiwang di le lekgolo le masome a le marataro le bongwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2004. Nupedia le Wikipedia di ne tsa nna mmogo go fitlhela disefara tsa Nupedia di emisetswa ruri ka 2003, mme dikwalo tsa yone di ne tsa tsenngwa mo Wikipedia. Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e fetile letshwao la dikwalo tse di didikadike di le pedi (2 million) ka Lwetse a le malatsi a le boferabongwe, ngwaga wa 2007, mme se se ne sa e dira gore e nne ensaetlolopedia e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe tse di kileng tsa kokoanngwa, e feta ''Ensaetlolopedia ya Yongle'' e e neng ya dirwa kwa China ka nako ya puso ya ga Ming ka 1408, e e neng e tshwere rekoto ya teng dingwaga di ka nna makgolo a le marataro. Ka ntlha ya go tshaba papatso ya dikgwebo le go tlhoka taolo, badirisi ba Wikipedia ya Sepanishe ba ne ba tswa mo Wikipedia go tlhama {{Lang|es|[[Enciclopedia Libre]]}} ka Tlhakole 2002. <ref name="EL fears and start 1" group="W">{{Cite web |title=[long] Enciclopedia Libre: msg#00008 |url=https://osdir.com/ml/science.linguistics.wikipedia.international/2003-03/msg00008.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006065927/https://osdir.com/ml/science.linguistics.wikipedia.international/2003-03/msg00008.html |archive-date=October 6, 2008 |access-date=December 26, 2008 |website=Osdir}}</ref> Morago ga moo Wales o ne a ntsha kitsiso ya gore Wikipedia ga e kitla e bontsha dikgang tsa ipapatso mme ya fetola kgolagano ya dikhomphiutha go tswa go ''wikipedia.com'' go ya go ''wikipedia.org'' . <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Vibber |first=Brion |date=August 16, 2002 |title=Brion VIBBER at pobox.com |url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-August/003982.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620071550/https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-August/003982.html |archive-date=June 20, 2014 |access-date=December 8, 2020 |website=[[Wikimedia]]}}</ref> Morago ga paka ya ntlha ya kgolo e e kwa godimo, <ref name="wikisym slowing growth 1" /> go lebega selekanyo sa kgolo ya Wikipedia ya Sekgoa go ya ka dipalo tsa dikwalo tse disha le tsa bakwadi e ne ya tsholetsega thata go bapa le ngwaga wa 2007 o simolola. <ref name="guardian WP user peak 1">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia approaches its limits|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/aug/12/wikipedia-deletionist-inclusionist|access-date=March 31, 2010}}</ref> Kgatiso e e ne ya fitlhelela dikwalo di le didikadike di le tharo ka Phatwe 2009. Dikwalo di ka nna sekete le makgolo a le boferabobedi di ne di tsenngwa mo ensaetlolopedia ye ka letsatsi ka ngwaga wa 2006; ka 2013 palogare eo e ne e tsamaela makgolo a le boferabobedi. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Wikipedia)) |author-link=Special:History/Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia extended growth |title=Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia extended growth |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Modelling_Wikipedia_extended_growth |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826234512/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Modelling_Wikipedia%27s_growth |archive-date=August 26, 2011 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Setlhopha kwa Lekalaneng la Dipatlisiso la Palo Alto se ne sa amanya go fokotsega mo ga kgolo le "go oketsega ga kgokagano le ditshenyegelo tse di kwa godimo, go se akarediwe batho ba basha mo lenaneong, le go gana diphetogo tse disha". Ba bangwe ba ne ba akantsha gore kgolo e ne ya fokotsega ka gonne dikwalo tse di ka bidiwang " [[wiktionary:low-hanging fruit|tse di motlhofo thata]] "— tsa ditlhogo tse di tshwanelwang ke go nna dikwalo—di ne di setse di tlhamilwe le go agiwa thata. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Cohen|author-link=Noam Cohen|title=Wikipedia&nbsp;– Exploring Fact City|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/29/weekinreview/29cohen.html}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele 2009, mmatlisisi mongwe kwa Sekolong sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Rey Juan Carlos kwa Madrid, kwa Spain, o ne a fitlhela gore Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne e latlhegetswe ke bakwadi/batlatsi ba le dikete di le masome a mane le boferabongwe mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse tharo tsa 2009; fa e bapisiwa, e ne e latlhegetswe ke bakwadi ba le dikete di le nne le makgolo a le boferabongwe fela mo pakeng e e tshwanang ka 2008. <ref name="guardian editors leaving 1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/nov/26/wikipedia-losing-disgruntled-editors|title=Wikipedia falling victim to a war of words|work=The Guardian|location=London|first=Jenny|last=Kleeman|date=November 26, 2009|access-date=December 13, 2016}}</ref> ''Pego ya The Wall Street'' e ne ya umaka melao e e farologaneng e e dirisiwang mo go direng dikwalo le dikganetsano tse di amanang le diteng tsa one gareng ga mabaka a a dirang gore go nne le tlwaelo ya kgang ye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fowler |first=Geoffrey A. |last2=Angwin |first2=Julia |date=November 27, 2009 |title=Volunteers Log Off as Wikipedia Ages |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125893981183759969 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204041034/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125893981183759969 |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> Wales o ne a ganetsa dikgang tse ka 2009, a ganela dikgang tsa phokotsego le go belaela mokgwa wa patlisiso eo. <ref name="telegraph Wales WP not losing editors 1">{{Cite news|last=Barnett|first=Emma|date=November 26, 2009|title=Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales denies site is 'losing' thousands of volunteer editors|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/6660646/Wikipedias-Jimmy-Wales-denies-site-is-losing-thousands-of-volunteer-editors.html|access-date=March 31, 2010}}</ref> Morago ga dingwaga di le pedi, ka 2011, o ne a amogela gore go nnile le phokotsego e nnye, a lemoga phokotsego go tswa go "bakwadi ba ba fetang dikete di le masome a mararo le borataro go le sekae" ka Seetebosigo 2010 go ya go ba le dikete di le masome a mararo le botlhano le makgolo a le boferabobedi ka Seetebosigo 2011. Mo go yone potsolotso eo, o ne a bolela gape gore palo ya bakwadi e ne e "tlhomame e bile e tswelelela pele". <ref name="wiki-women">{{Cite news|last=Rawlinson|first=Kevin|date=August 8, 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks women to balance its 'geeky' editors|newspaper=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/wikipedia-seeks-women-to-balance-its-geeky-editors-2333605.html|access-date=April 5, 2012}}</ref> Setlhogo sa lekwalo la 2013 la ''MIT Technology Review'', "Go wela tlase ga Wikipedia", se ne sa belaela polelo e, sa bega gore fa e sale ka 2007 Wikipedia e ne e latlhegetswe ke nngwetharong ya bakwadi ba yone ba ba ithaopileng, mme sa akantsha gore ba ba setseng ba ne ba tlhomile mogopolo thata mo dintlheng tse dinnye. <ref name="Simonite-2013">{{Cite journal |last=Simonite |first=Tom |date=October 22, 2013 |title=The Decline of Wikipedia |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ |url-status=live |journal=[[MIT Technology Review]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731083716/https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ |archive-date=July 31, 2022 |access-date=November 30, 2013}}</ref> Ka Phukwi 2012, ''The Atlantic'' e ne ya bega gore palo ya batsamaisi le yone e ne e fokotsega. <ref name="Meyer-2012">{{Cite news|last=Meyer|first=Robinson|date=July 16, 2012|title=3 Charts That Show How Wikipedia Is Running Out of Admins|work=The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/07/3-charts-that-show-how-wikipedia-is-running-out-of-admins/259829|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatseele 2013, bukana ya ditshwantsho ya ''New York'' e ne ya bolela jaana, "Wikipedia, webosaete ya borataro e e dirisiwang thata, e lebagane le mathata a tsamaiso ya one." Palo ya bakwadi ba esaentlolopedia ya Sekgoa ba ba e dirisang gangwe le gape fa e sa le ka nako eo e ntse e tlhomame morago ga nako e telele ya go wela tlase. <ref>{{Cite news|last=F.|first=G.|date=May 5, 2013|title=Who really runs Wikipedia?|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2013/05/05/who-really-runs-wikipedia|access-date=November 26, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mandiberg |first=Michael |date=February 23, 2020 |title=Mapping Wikipedia |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/02/where-wikipedias-editors-are-where-they-arent-and-why/605023/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115131524/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/02/where-wikipedias-editors-are-where-they-arent-and-why/605023 |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |access-date=November 26, 2021 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa 2014, Subodh Varma yo o neng a begela ''The Economic Times'' o ne a supa gore ga se fela gore kgolo ya Wikipedia e ne e eme, e ne e "latlhegetswe ke palo ya dipono tsa dikwalo di ka nna lesome mo lekgolong ngogola. Go nnile le phokotsego ye e ka nnang dikadikadike di le dikete tse pedi (2 billion) fa gare ga Sedimonthole 2012 le Sedimonthole 2013. Diphetolelo tsa yone tse di ratiwang thata ke tsone tse di eteletseng pele mo tsebeng: dipono tsa dikwalo tsa Wikipedia ya Sekgoa di fokotsegile ka lesome le bobedi mo lekgolong (12%), tsa mofuta wa Sejeremane di fokotsegile ka lesome le bosupa mo lekgolong (17%) mme tsa mofuta wa Sejapane di fokotsegile ka boferabongwe mo lekgolong (9%)." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{Cite news|last=Varma|first=Subodh|date=January 20, 2014|title=Google eating into Wikipedia page views?|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/29094246.cms|access-date=February 10, 2014}}</ref> Varma o ne a tlatsa a re, "Le fa baokamedi ba Wikipedia ba akanya gore se se ka tswa se bakilwe ke diphoso tsa go tsaa dipalo, baitseanape ba bangwe ba akanya gore lenaneo la Google la Knowledge Graphs le le simolotsweng ngogola le ka tswa le ne le tsaya badirisi ba Wikipedia." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com" /> Fa go ikgolagangwa le ene, Clay Shirky, morutintshi-mmogo kwa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa New York le modiri ka ene kwa Lekalana la Setšhaba le mafaratlhatlha a Inthanete la Berkman Klein la Harvard o ne a bolela gore o belaela gore bontsi jwa go fokotsega ga go lebelewa ga ditsebe go bakilwe ke Dikerafo tsa Kitso, a bolela jaana, "Fa o ka kgona go bona karabo ya potso ya gago mo tsebeng ya patlo, ga o tlhoke go [tobetsa] go ya pele." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com" /> Kwa bokhutlong jwa Sedimonthole 2016, Wikipedia e ne ya fiwa maemo a botlhano mo webosaeteng e e itseweng thata mo lefatsheng lotlhe ka bophara. <ref name="Alexa">{{Cite web |title=Alexa Top 500 Global Sites |url=https://www.alexa.com/topsites |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203120227/https://www.alexa.com/topsites |archive-date=February 3, 2021 |access-date=December 28, 2016 |website=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Go ema ka Firikgong 2023, go setse go nopotswe dikwalo di le dikete di le masome a matlhano le botlhano le makgolo a le bosupa le masome a le boferabongwe le bongwe (55 791) tsa Wikipedia ya Sekgoa makgetho a le dikete di le masome a le boferabongwe le bobedi le makgolo a le mararo (92 300 ) mo dibukaneng tsa barutegi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Citations of Wikipedia as an Online Resource |url=https://exaly.com/online-resource/146983/en.wikipedia.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104134042/https://exaly.com/online-resource/146983/en.wikipedia.org |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |access-date=November 4, 2022 |publisher=exaly}}</ref> tse go tswa mo go tsone tiriso ya dikitso tsa dikhomphiutha e neng e le tsebe e e nopotsweng thata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Citations of Cloud Computing |url=https://exaly.com/online-document/8348259/articles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104134042/https://exaly.com/online-document/8348259/articles/ |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |access-date=November 4, 2022 |publisher=exaly}}</ref> === Dithulaganyo tse di berekang le yone === Wikipedia e tlhamile mananeo a le mmalwa a a berekang le ensaetlolopedia, tse gape e leng diwiki tse di tsamaisiwang ke [[Wikimedia Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] . [[Wikimedia Foundation|Mananeo a mangwe a Wikimedia]] a a akaretsa Wiktionary, lenaneo la bukana ya ithunthuntso mafoko e e neng ya simololwa ka Sedimonthole 2002, Wikiquote, kokoanyo ya dinopolo tse di tlhamilweng beke morago ga gore Wikimedia e simololwe, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Woods |first=Dan |year=2007 |title=Wikis for dummies |last2=Theony |first2=Peter |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn=978-1-118-05066-8 |edition=1st |location=Hoboken, NJ |page=58 |chapter=3: The Thousand Problem-Solving Faces of Wikis |oclc=1300481129 |ol=5741003W}}</ref> Wikibooks, kokoanyo ya dibukathuto tsa mahala tse di kwadilweng ka tirisanommogo, <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Meta-Wiki)) |author-link=m:Special:History/Talk:Science Hypertextbook project |title=Talk:Science Hypertextbook project |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=153077 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319183224/http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=153077 |archive-date=March 19, 2023 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> [[Wikimedia Commons]] . e e neng e diretswe metswedi ya dikgang ya kitso e e gololesegileng, Wikinews, ya bobegadikgang jo bo dirisanang mmogo, le Wikiversity, lenaneo la go tlhama didirisiwa tsa go ithuta tsa mahala le go tlamela ka ditiro tsa go ithuta ka inthanete. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Wikiversity)) |author-link=v:Special:History/Wikiversity:History of Wikiversity |title=Wikiversity:History of Wikiversity |url=https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:History_of_Wikiversity |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724204635/https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:History_of_Wikiversity |archive-date=July 24, 2015 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Wikiversity |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Lenaneo le lengwe la Wikipedia, Wikispecies, le nankolola mefuta ya ditshedi tsotlhe, mme ga e a bulegela go ka tlaletswa ke setšhaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=February 18, 2005 |title=NET News: Calling All Taxonomists |journal=Science |volume=307 |issue=5712 |page=1021 |doi=10.1126/science.307.5712.1021a |s2cid=220095354 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ka 2012, Wikivoyage, e leng kaedi ya mesepele e e ka tlaleletswang, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Luyt |first=Brendan |date=January 1, 2020 |title=A new kind of travel guide or more of the same? Wikivoyage and Cambodia |journal=Online Information Review |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=356–371 |doi=10.1108/OIR-03-2020-0104}}</ref> le Wikidata, e leng motheo wa kitso o o ka tlaleletswang le one, di ne tsa simololwa. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Matthew |date=March 30, 2012 |title=The Wikipedia data revolution |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2012/03/30/the-wikipedia-data-revolution/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114634/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2012/03/30/the-wikipedia-data-revolution/ |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Diff |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> === Diphitlhelelo === [[File:List_of_Wikipedia_articles_by_language_-_March_2024.svg|thumb|[[Cartogram]] showing number of articles in the top 88 Wikipedias ({{as of|2024|3|lc=y|post=).}} The size of the circles for Wikipedias that have less than a million articles is fixed and not proportional to the size of the Wikipedia. The smallest Wikipedia that made the cutoff is the [[Haitian Creole]] Wikipedia with 69K articles.{{efn|As of April 2026, the [[Haitian Creole]] Wikipedia, with 72K articles, is in 91st place when ranked by number of articles.}}<br /> The languages are roughly grouped by region: <br />{{hlist|{{legend0|#4C0099|[[Northern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CC0000|[[Southern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CCCC00|[[Eastern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CC6600|[[Middle East]]}}|{{legend0|#4C9900|[[East Asia]]}}|{{legend0|#00CDFF|[[Indian subcontinent]]}}|{{legend0|#660000|[[Sub-Saharan Africa]]}}|{{legend0|#808080|[[Central Asia]]}}|{{legend0|#6600CC|[[Caribbean]]}}}} ]] Ka Firikgong 2007, Wikipedia e ne ya nna nngwe ya diwebosaete tse di lesome tse di tumileng thata kwa Amerika, go ya ka Comscore Networks. <ref name="Comscore-2007">{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2007 |title=New Year's Resolutions Reflected in January U.S. Web Traffic |url=https://ir.comscore.com/static-files/45b068e1-1cee-412a-b48f-21ec34e7b59d |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819190445/https://ir.comscore.com/static-files/45b068e1-1cee-412a-b48f-21ec34e7b59d |archive-date=August 19, 2021 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[Comscore]] |page=3 |format=PDF}}</ref> Ka badirisi ba yone ba ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le masome a mane le bobedi le dikete di le makgolo a le boferabongwe (42.9), e ne ya nna mo maemong a boferabongwe, e feta ''The New York Times'' (maemo a lesome) le Apple (maemo a lesome le bongwe). <ref name="Comscore-2007" /> Se se ne sa tshwaya koketsego e e bonalang go feta Firikgong 2006, fa Wikipedia e ne e le mo maemong a bomasome a le mararo le boraro, ka badirisi ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le lesome le boferabobedi le dikete di le makgolo a le mararo ka (18.3 million). Ka 2014, e ne ya amogela dipono tsa ditsebe di le didikadike di le dikete tse di boferabobedi (8 billion) kgwedi le kgwedi. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report&nbsp;– Wikipedia Page Views Per Country |url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm |archive-date=October 20, 2011 |access-date=March 8, 2015 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Ka Tlhakole a le malatsi ae boferabongwe, 2014, ''The New York Times'' e ne ya bega gore Wikipedia e ne e na le &nbsp;dipono tsa ditsebe di le dikadikadike di le dikete tse dilesome le boferabobedi (18 billion) le badirisi ba ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le makgolo a le matlhano (500 million) ka kgwedi, "go ya ka ditekanyetso tsa comScore". <ref name="small screen">{{Cite news|last=Cohen|first=Noam|author-link=Noam Cohen|date=February 9, 2014|title=Wikipedia vs. the Small Screen|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/10/technology/wikipedia-vs-the-small-screen.html?_r=0|access-date=January 22, 2023}}</ref> Go ema ka Mopitlo 2023, e ne le mo maemong a borataro ka go tuma go ya kaSimilarweb.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Similarweb |title=Top Websites Ranking – Most Visited Websites In The World |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210041116/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |archive-date=February 10, 2022 |access-date=March 4, 2023 |website=[[Similarweb]]}}</ref> Jeff Loveland le Joseph Reagle ba nganga gore, mo tsamaisong, Wikipedia e latela mokgwa wa tsela e e telele wa diensaetlolopedia tsa ditso tse di kokoantseng ditokafatso ka bonya ka bonya ka " go kokoanya ga stigmergy ". <ref name="sagepub WP and encyclopedic production 1">{{Cite journal |last=Loveland |first=Jeff |last2=Reagle |first2=Joseph |date=January 15, 2013 |title=Wikipedia and encyclopedic production |journal=New Media & Society |volume=15 |issue=8 |page=1294 |doi=10.1177/1461444812470428 |issn=1461-4448 |s2cid=27886998}}</ref> <ref name="theatlantic WP actually a reversion 1">{{Cite web |last=Rosen |first=Rebecca J. |date=January 30, 2013 |title=What If the Great Wikipedia 'Revolution' Was Actually a Reversion? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/what-if-the-great-wikipedia-revolution-was-actually-a-reversion/272697 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229051117/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/what-if-the-great-wikipedia-revolution-was-actually-a-reversion/272697/ |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |access-date=February 9, 2013 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome le boferabobedi, ngwaga wa 2012, Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne ya nna le seabe mo motseletseleng wa ditshupetso tse di rulagantsweng kgatlhanong le melao e mebedi e e neng e tshitshintswe kwa Lekgotlaneng la United States — Molao wa go Emisa go Utswa bodiratsi/dikwalo mo mafaratlhatlheng (SOPA) le Molao wa PROTECT IP (PIPA)—ka go fifatsa ditsebe tsa yone dioura di le masome a mabedi le bone . <ref name="LA Times Jan 19">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia: SOPA protest led eight million to look up reps in Congress|url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2012/01/wikipedia-sopa-blackout-congressional-representatives.html|access-date=March 6, 2012}}</ref> Batho ba feta didikadike di le lekgolo le le lengwe le masome a mabedi ba bone tsebe e e neng e tlhalosa go fifafatsa moo e e neng e tsere maemo a diteng tsa ensaetlolopedia nakwana e e seng ya sennela ruri. <ref name="BBC WP blackout protest 1">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia joins blackout protest at US anti-piracy moves|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-16590585|access-date=January 19, 2012}}</ref> <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=SOPA/Blackoutpage |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/SOPA/Blackoutpage |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622185443/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/SOPA/Blackoutpage |archive-date=June 22, 2018 |access-date=January 19, 2012 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Ka Firikgong 2013, 274301 Wikipedia, e leng asteroid, e ne ya bidiwa ka Wikipedia; <ref>{{Cite news|last=Workman|first=Robert|date=January 5, 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|work=[[Space.com]]|url=https://www.space.com/19643-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> ka Phalane 2014, Wikipedia e ne ya tlotlomatswa ka ''Sefikantswe sa Wikipedia'' ; <ref>{{Cite news|last=Katz|first=Leslie|date=October 27, 2014|title=A Wikipedia monument? It's true (we're pretty sure)|work=[[CNET]]|url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/a-wikipedia-monument-its-true-were-pretty-sure/|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> mme, ka Phukwi 2015, ditshutiso tsa Wikipedia di le lekgolo le le lengwe le borataro (106) mo go tse di dikete di le bosupa le makgolo a le mane le masome a le bosupa le boraro (7 473) tse di nang le ditsebe di le makgolo a le masupa 700 di ne tsa nna teng e le Wikipedia e e Gatisitsweng . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sawers |first=Paul |date=June 18, 2015 |title=You can soon buy a 7,471-volume printed version of Wikipedia for $500,000 |url=https://venturebeat.com/business/you-can-soon-buy-a-7471-volume-printed-version-of-wikipedia-for-500000/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017154940/https://venturebeat.com/business/you-can-soon-buy-a-7471-volume-printed-version-of-wikipedia-for-500000/ |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |access-date=January 24, 2023 |website=VentureBeat}}</ref> Ka Moranang 2019, sefofane sa Iseraele se se fologang mo ngweding, Beresheet, se ne sa wela mo godimo ga [[Ngwedi]] se tshotse dikhophi tsa dikwalo tsa Wikipedia ya sekgoa tsotlhe di gateletswe mo dipoleiting tse ditshesane tsa nikele; baitseanape ba re go ka direga gore dipoleiti tse di ne tsa seka tsa amega fa tiragalo e ya go wa ga sefofane e diragala. <ref name="WRD-20190805">{{Cite news|last=Oberhaus|first=Daniel|date=August 5, 2019|title=A Crashed Israeli Lunar Lander Spilled Tardigrades On The Moon|work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|url=https://www.wired.com/story/a-crashed-israeli-lunar-lander-spilled-tardigrades-on-the-moon/|access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="VOX-20190806">{{Cite news|last=Resnick|first=Brian|title=Tardigrades, the toughest animals on Earth, have crash-landed on the moon&nbsp;– The tardigrade conquest of the solar system has begun.|url=https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/8/6/20756844/tardigrade-moon-beresheet-arch-mission|date=August 6, 2019|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> Ka Seetebosigo 2019, baitseanape ba maranyane ba ne ba bega gore 16 GB otlhe wa dikwalo tse di tswang mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa o tsentswe mo DNA ya maitirelo . <ref name="CNET-20190629">{{Cite news|last=Shankland|first=Stephen|date=June 29, 2019|title=Startup packs all 16&nbsp;GB of Wikipedia onto DNA strands to demonstrate new storage tech&nbsp;– Biological molecules will last a lot longer than the latest computer storage technology, Catalog believes.|work=[[CNET]]|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/startup-packs-all-16gb-wikipedia-onto-dna-strands-demonstrate-new-storage-tech/|access-date=August 15, 2023}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le lesome le boferabobedi, 2023, Wikipedia e ne ya simolodisa webosaete e ntšha e e baakantsweng , e e bidiwang " Vector 2022 ". <ref name="Pearl-2023">{{Cite web |last=Pearl |first=Mike |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Yes, Wikipedia looks weird. Don't freak out. |url=https://mashable.com/article/new-wikipedia-redesign |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120012235/https://mashable.com/article/new-wikipedia-redesign |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[Mashable]]}}</ref> <ref name="Tech Desk-2023">{{Cite web |last=Tech Desk |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Wikipedia gets a facelift after 10 years: A look at new interface and features |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/wikipedia-gets-a-facelift-after-10-years-a-look-at-new-interface-and-features/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119054103/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/wikipedia-gets-a-facelift-after-10-years-a-look-at-new-interface-and-features/ |archive-date=January 19, 2023 |access-date=January 22, 2023 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> E ne e na le tsebe ya lenaneo e e tlhamilweng sesha, e sutisetsa tafole ya diteng kafa molemeng go e dira baara e e kafa thoko, le diphetogo di le dintsi fa go tobediwang teng go tlhopha tse o batlang go di dirisa jaaka sedirisiwa sa go tlhopha puo. <ref name="Tech Desk-2023" /> <ref group="W">{{Cite news|date=January 18, 2023|title=Wikipedia Gets a Fresh New Look: First Desktop Update in a Decade Puts Usability at the Forefront|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-a-fresh-new-look-first-desktop-update-in-a-decade-puts-usability-at-the-forefront/|access-date=January 22, 2023}}</ref> Ntšhafatso e e ne ya amogela tsibogo e e sa siamang kwa tshimologong, segolobogolo fa bakwadi botlhe ba Wikipedia ya Seswahili ba ne ba tlhopha go busetsa diphetogo morago. <ref name="Pearl-2023" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rauwerda |first=Annie |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Wikipedia's Redesign Is Barely Noticeable. That's the Point. |url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120005241/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Slate Magazine}}</ref> Bobedi jo, Sanger le Wales ba ne tsenelela dipotsolotso tse di phatlalatsa kwa bokhutlong jwa 2025 ka ga dikakanyo tsa bone ka ga maemo le seemo sa Wikipedia, go fitlha go felela fa dingwageng tsa one tse di masome a mabedi le botlhano e ntse e le mo tirisong ka Firikgong a le lesome le botlhano, ngwaga wa 2026; Wales o ne a tlhagelela mo thulaganyong ya dikgang tsa PBS mo lenaneong la GZERO World e e neng e botsolodiwa ke Ian Bremmer mme Sanger o ne a tlhagelela mo Dikgannyeng tsa Fox, e e neng e botsolodiwa ke Ashley Rindsberg . Buka ya ga Wales ya ''Melao e e Supa ya go Ikanyega'' e ne ya gatisiwa ke Penguin Random House ka Phalane 2025 . E ne ya tlhalosiwa ke mogatisi jaaka "kakanyo e e tseneletseng ka ga mathata a lefatshe a go ikanyega le kitso" e le buka e e kanokang "melao ya go tshepana" e e letleletseng kgolo le katlego ya Wikipedia. <ref name="Penguin">{{Cite web |title=The Seven Rules of Trust |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/734278/the-seven-rules-of-trust-by-jimmy-wales-with-dan-gardner/ |access-date=22 October 2025 |website=[[Penguin Random House]] |language=en}}</ref> === Ditlamorago tsa maranyane a botlhale jwa maiterelo (generative AI ) mo dipalong tsa dipono tsa ditsebe tsa Wikipedia === Fa e sa le ka Firikgong 2024, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o begile koketsego ya sephatlo mo lekgolong ya tiriso tsa dibandwith go tswa mo go bapaleng diteng tsa bobegakgang mo mananeong a one otlhe. Go ya ka mokgatlho yo, kgolo e e amana le mananeo a a iperekisang ka boone, kgotsa di-bot tsa " scraper ", tse di kokoanyang ditshutiso tsa kitso mo ditsebeng tsa Wikimedia gore di dirisiwe mo go katiseng didirisiwa tse ditona tsa puo le ditiro tse di amanang le tsone. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weaver |first=Tanya |date=2025-04-04 |title=AI scraper bots putting costly strain on Wikimedia infrastructure |url=https://eandt.theiet.org/2025/04/04/ai-scraper-bots-are-putting-costly-strain-wikimedias-infrastructure |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=eandt.theiet.org}}</ref> Ka Phalane 2025, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o ne wa bega palo kakanyetso e le boferabobedi mo lekgolong ya phokotsego ya pharakano fa go bapisiwa le kgwedi e e tshwanang ka 2024 mo diponong tse di dirilweng ke batho. Ba bua gore se se bontsha tiriso ya Maranyane a botlhale jwa maitirelo le metswedi ya dikgang di sedimosa ka fa batho ba ratang go batla kitso/dikgang ka teng. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ha |first=Anthony |date=2025-10-18 |title=Wikipedia says traffic is falling due to AI search summaries and social video |url=https://techcrunch.com/2025/10/18/wikipedia-says-traffic-is-falling-due-to-ai-search-summaries-and-social-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251221202413/https://techcrunch.com/2025/10/18/wikipedia-says-traffic-is-falling-due-to-ai-search-summaries-and-social-video/ |archive-date=December 21, 2025 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=TechCrunch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Marshall |date=2025-10-17 |title=New User Trends on Wikipedia |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/ |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=Diff}}</ref> <references /> == Tirisanommogo ya bakwadi == [[File:History_Comparison_Example_(Vector).png|thumb|Dipharologano tse di gateletsweng mo dikwalong tsa setlhogo se le sengwe]] === Melawana === Ka ntlha ya go tuma ga Wikipedia mo go ntseng go oketsega, dikgatiso dingwe, di akaretsa le tsa Sekgoa, di simolodisitse melawana e e laolang go tlaleletsa dikwalo fa gongwe. Ka sekai, mo Wikipedia ya sekgoa le dikgatiso dingwe tsa dipuo, badirisi ba ba nang le diphetogo di le lesome tsa dikwalo mme gape ba na le malatsi a le mane e le badirisi ke bone fela ba ba ka dirang dikwalo tse disha. Mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa, gareng ga tse dingwe, ditsebe tse di bakang dikganetsano thata, tse di masisi, kgotsa tse di nang le kgonagalo ya go senngwa di ile tsa sirelediwa ka selekanyo se se farologaneng. <ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hafner|first1=Katie|date=June 17, 2006|title=Growing Wikipedia Refines Its 'Anyone Can Edit' Policy|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/17/technology/17wiki.html|access-date=December 5, 2016}}</ref> Tsebe e e senngwang gantsi e ka nna "e e sireleditsweng bontlhabongwe" kgotsa "e e sireleditsweng e netefaditswe gape e atolositswe", se se rayang gore ke fela bakwadi ba ba "tlhomamisitsweng" kgotsa ba ba "netefaditsweng mo go atolositsweng" ba ka e fetolang. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=12–13}}Setlhogo se se bakang dikganetsano thata se ka nna sa lotlelwa gore e nne batsamaisi fela ba ba ka dirang diphetogo. Lekwalo la 2021 mo ''Columbia Journalism Review'' le ne la supa melawana ya Wikipedia ya go sireletsa ditsebe jaaka "gongwe tsela e e botlhokwa thata" e e nang le yone ya go "laola mmaraka wa yone wa megopolo". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrison |first=Stephen |last2=Benjakob |first2=Omer |date=January 14, 2021 |title=Wikipedia is twenty. It's time to start covering it better. |url=https://www.cjr.org/opinion/wikipedia-is-twenty-its-time-to-start-covering-it-better.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117150508/https://www.cjr.org/opinion/wikipedia-is-twenty-its-time-to-start-covering-it-better.php |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |access-date=January 15, 2021 |website=[[Columbia Journalism Review]]}}</ref> Wikipedia e abetse di- bot ditiro dingwe . tsamaiso ya algorithm ya mofuta yoo e bonolo go tsenngwa mo tirisong le go lekanyediwa, mme go gana go amogela diphetogo mo go itirisang (automated rejection ) go ka tswa go nnile le seabe mo go fokotsegeng ga bakwadi ba ba matlhagatlhaga ba Wikipedia. <ref name="Ren-2024">{{Cite journal |last=Ren |first=Yuqing |last2=Zhang |first2=Haifeng |last3=Kraut |first3=Robert E. |date=February 29, 2024 |title=How Did They Build the Free Encyclopedia? A Literature Review of Collaboration and Coordination among Wikipedia Editors |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3617369 |url-status=live |journal=ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=1–48 |doi=10.1145/3617369 |issn=1073-0516 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912194101/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3617369 |archive-date=September 12, 2024 |access-date=September 12, 2024}}</ref> Di-bot di tshwanetse go amogelwa ke badirisi pele ga ditiro tsa tsone di tsenngwa mo tirisong. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=36}} Mo dikgannyeng tse dingwe, bakwadi botlhe ba letlelelwa go romela diphetogo, fela go tlhokega tshekatsheko mo bakwading bangwe, go lebilwe diemo dingwe. Ka sekai, Wikipedia ya Sejeremane e boloka "diphetolo tse di tlhomameng" tsa dikwalo tse di fentseng go tlhatlhobiwa mo go rileng. Morago ga diteko tse di tsereng nako e telele le dipuisano tsa badirisi, Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne ya tlhagisa thulaganyo ya "diphetogo tse di santseng di letilwe" ka Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2012. <ref name="BInsider pending changes intro 1">{{Cite news|last=Henderson|first=William|date=December 10, 2012|title=Wikipedia Has Figured Out A New Way To Stop Vandals In Their Tracks|work=[[Insider Inc.|Business Insider]]|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/pending-changes-safeguard-on-wikipedia-2012-12|access-date=January 22, 2023}}</ref> Ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ye, diphetogo tsa badirisi ba basha le ba ba sa kwadisiwang mo dikwalong dingwe tse di bakang dikganetsano kgotsa tse di nnang di senngwa di sekasekwa ke badirisi ba ba tlhomameng pele ga di gatisiwa. <ref>{{Cite news|last1=Frewin|first1=Jonathan|date=June 15, 2010|title=Wikipedia unlocks divisive pages for editing|journal=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/10312095|access-date=August 21, 2014}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, melawana ya go tlaleletsa dikwalo e fokotsa go nna le seabe ga bakwadi ga mmogo le maiteko a go kabakanya morafe wa badirisi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ajmani |first=Leah |last2=Vincent |first2=Nicholas |last3=Chancellor |first3=Stevie |date=September 28, 2023 |title=Peer Produced Friction: How Page Protection on Wikipedia Affects Editor Engagement and Concentration |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3610198 |url-status=live |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction |volume=7 |issue=CSCW2 |pages=1–33 |doi=10.1145/3610198 |issn=2573-0142 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915061444/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3610198 |archive-date=September 15, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024}}</ref> Dikwalo tse di amanang le kgotlhang ya Iseraele le Palestina di bewa ka fa tlase ga tshireletso e e atolositsweng e e netefaditsweng. <ref name="Harrison-2023">{{Cite news|last=Harrison|first=Stephen|date=October 26, 2023|title=Wikipedia Is Covering the War in Israel and Gaza Better Than X|url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/10/wikipedia-elon-musk-gaza-hamas-israel-x-twitter-dispute.html|access-date=December 20, 2023|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|issn=1091-2339}}</ref> Bakwadi gape ba ka dira phetogo ya go boela morago mafoko a bone gangwe fela ka letsatsi go ralala ensaetlolopedia yotlhe mme ba ka thibelwa ruri go tlaleletsa dikwalo tse di amanang le yone. Melawana e e simolotswe ka 2008. <ref name="Benjakob-2020a">{{Cite news|last=Benjakob|first=Omer|date=October 4, 2020|title=The Second Intifada Still Rages on Wikipedia|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2020-10-04/ty-article/.highlight/the-second-intifada-still-rages-on-wikipedia/0000017f-e7fb-da9b-a1ff-efff2c230000|access-date=March 6, 2024|newspaper=[[Haaretz]]}}</ref> Ka Firikgong 2025, Komiti ya Katlholo e ne ya simolodisa "melawana e e lekalekanang ya go tlaleletsa dikwalo", e e tlhokang gore badirisi ba ba nang le dithibelo ba neele fela nngwetharong ya diphetolo tsa bone mo dikwalong tse di amanang le kgotlhang ya Iseraele le Palestina le fa go se na melao epe ya boitshwaro jo bo sa siamang e e robilweng. <ref name="Elia-Shalev-2025">{{Cite web |last=Elia-Shalev |first=Asaf |date=January 24, 2025 |title=Edit wars over Israel spur rare ban of 8 Wikipedia editors — from both sides |url=https://www.jta.org/2025/01/23/israel/edit-wars-over-israel-spur-rare-ban-of-8-wikipedia-editors-from-both-sides |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610091420/https://www.jta.org/2025/01/23/israel/edit-wars-over-israel-spur-rare-ban-of-8-wikipedia-editors-from-both-sides |archive-date=June 10, 2025 |access-date=May 27, 2025 |website=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]]}}</ref> === Tshekatsheko ya diphetogo === [[File:Wikipedia_editing_interface.png|thumb|tsebe ya diphetolo ya Wikipedia]] Le fa diphetogo di sa sekasekwe ka thulaganyo, sofotewere ya Wikipedia e tlamela ka didirisiwa tse di letlelelang mongwe le mongwe go sekaseka diphetogo tse di dirilweng ke ba bangwe. Tsebe ya Ditso ya lekwalo lengwe le sengwe e golagana le diphetolo dingwe le dingwe tsa yone.{{efn|Revisions with libelous content, criminal threats, or copyright infringements may be removed completely.}} Mo dikwalong ka bontsi, mongwe le mongwe o ka lebelela diphetogo tse disha mme gape a baakanya diphetolo tsa ba bangwe ka go tobetsa kgokagano e e mo tsebeng ya Ditso tsa lekwalo la teng. Badirisi ba ba kwadisitsweng ba ka nna ba tlhokometse dikwalo tse di ba kgatlhang ka go nna le "lenaneo la ditebelelo" gore ba kgone go itsisiwe ka diphetogo. "Kanoko ya ditsebe tse disha" ke thulaganyo e mo go yone dikwalo tse di sa tswang go tlhamiwa di tlholwang go bona gore a di na le mathata a a bonalang. Ka 2003, moithuti wa setlankana sa PhD sa dithuto tsa itsholelo Andrea Ciffolilli o ne a bolela gore ditshenyegelo tse di kwa tlase tsa go nna le seabe mo wiki di ne tsa dira gore go nne le tlhabololo ya tirisanommogo, le gore dikarolo tsa mofuta yoo di ne di letlelela gore go nne motlhofo go bona diphetolo tse di fetileng tsa tsebe, mme go ne go thusa ka "dikatlholo tse di agang" go na le "dikatlholo tse di senyang". <ref name="FMonday collaborative effort 1">{{Cite journal |last=Ciffolilli |first=Andrea |date=December 2003 |title=Phantom authority, self-selective recruitment and retention of members in virtual communities: The case of Wikipedia |journal=First Monday |volume=8 |issue=12 |doi=10.5210/fm.v8i12.1108 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Tshenyo === Phetogo epe e e tshosetsang go thokgama ga Wikipedia ka bomo e tsewa e le go senya. Mefuta e e tlwaelegileng thata e e bonalang ya go senya e akaretsa go oketsa ka dilo tse di fatlhang le metlae e e sa siamang; gape e ka akaretsa ipapatso le mefuta e mengwe ya spam. Ka dinako tse dingwe bakwadi ba senya dikwalo ka go tlosa diteng kgotsa go tsenya tsebe e e senang sepe gotlhelele. Mefuta e e sa tlwaelegang thata ya tshenyo, jaaka go tlaletsa dikwalo ka dikgang tse di utlwalang mme di se boammaaruri ka bomo, di ka nna dingalo thata go lemosega. Batho ba ba senyang dikwalo ba ka tsenya fomate e e sa amaneng le sepe, ba fetola motheo wa tsebe jaaka setlhogo sa tsebe kgotsa go aroganngwa ga yone ka ditlhopha, ba dirisa khoutu e e ka fa tlase ga lekwalo ka boferefere, kgotsa ba dirisa ditshwantsho ka tsela e e kgoreletsang. [[File:John_Seigenthaler_Sr._speaking.jpg|alt=White-haired elderly gentleman in suit and tie speaks at a podium.|left|thumb|Mmegadikgang wa MoAmerika John Seigenthaler (1927–2014), setlhogo sa tiragalo ya buka ya botshelo jwa ga Seigenthaler]] Tshenyo e e bonalang ka kakaretso e motlhofo go ka ntshiwa mo dikwalong tsa Wikipedia; nako ya bogare ya go e lemoga le go e baakanya ke metsotso e le mmalwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, tshenyo ye nngwe e tsaya lobaka thata go ka lemogwa le go baakanngwa. Mo tiragalong ya buka ya botshelo jwa ga Seigenthaler, mokwadi mongwe yo o neng a ipipile leina a sa itsiwe o ne a tsenya kgang ye e e seng boammaaruri mo lekwalong la botshelo jwa moeteledipele wa sepolotiki wa Amerika e bong John Seigenthaler ka Motsheganong 2005, a mo kaya mo go maaka jaaka mmelaelwa wa polao ya ga John F. Kennedy . E ne ya nna e sa baakanngwa dikgwedi di le nne. Seigenthaler, mookamedi yo o simolotseng ''USA Today'' le motlhami wa lekgotlana la kgololesego ya Lekalana la Phetolo ya Ntlha kwa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Vanderbilt, o ne a leletsa motlhami-mmogo wa Wikipedia e bong Jimmy Wales mme a mmotsa gore a o na le tsela epe ya go itse gore ke mang yo o tsentseng kgang ye e senang boammaaruri yeo. Wales o ne a re ga itse, le fa mong wa molato a ne a feleletsa a latedisiwa. <ref name="book The World is Flat 1">{{Cite book |last=Friedman |first=Thomas L. |year=2007 |title=The World is Flat |publisher=[[Farrar, Straus & Giroux]] |isbn=978-0-374-29278-2 |page=124}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Buchanan |first=Brian |date=November 17, 2006 |title=Founder shares cautionary tale of libel in cyberspace |url=https://archive.firstamendmentcenter.org/news.aspx?id=17798 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140311/https://archive.firstamendmentcenter.org/news.aspx?id=17798 |archive-date=December 21, 2012 |access-date=November 17, 2012 |publisher=[[First Amendment Center]]}}</ref> Morago ga tiragalo e, Seigenthaler o ne a tlhalosa Wikipedia e le "sedirisiwa sa patlisiso se se nang le diphoso gape se sena maikarabelo". Tiragalo e e ne ya dira gore go dirwe diphetogo tsa melawana kwa Wikipedia tsa go gagamatsa go netefadiwa ga dikwalo tse di buang ka matshelo a batho ba ba tshelang. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Helm|first=Burt|title=Wikipedia: "A Work in Progress"|url=https://www.businessweek.com/stories/2005-12-13/wikipedia-a-work-in-progress|date=December 13, 2005|access-date=July 26, 2012}}</ref> === Dikganetsano le dintwa tsa go tlaleletsa dikwalo === Bakwadi ba Wikipedia gantsi ba na le go sa dumalane mabapi le diteng, tse di ka tlotliwang mo ditsebeng tsa Puisano tsa dikwalo. Dikganetsano di ka felela ka diphetogo tse di gaisanang gangwe le gape mo dikwalong, tse di bidiwang "ntwa ya go tlaleletsa". <ref name="NBC WP editorial warzone 12">{{Cite news|last=Coldewey|first=Devin|date=June 21, 2012|title=Wikipedia is editorial warzone, says study|department=Technology|work=[[NBC News]]|url=https://sys03-public.nbcnews.com/technology/wikipedia-editorial-warzone-says-study-838793|access-date=March 26, 2021}}</ref> E bonwa ke botlhe jaaka seemo se se senyang didirisiwa mme go sena kitso epe e e mosola e e tsengwang, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kalyanasundaram |first=Arun |date=December 2015 |title=2015 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC) |last2=Wei |first2=Wei |last3=Carley |first3=Kathleen M. |last4=Herbsleb |first4=James D. |publisher=IEEE |isbn=978-1-4673-9743-8 |location=Huntington Beach, CA |pages=276–287 |chapter=An agent-based model of edit wars in Wikipedia: How and when is consensus reached |citeseerx=10.1.1.715.2758 |doi=10.1109/WSC.2015.7408171}}</ref> gape e a kgalwa ka e tsewa e dira ngwao ya gore bakwadi ba nne le kgaisano e nang le kgotlhang <ref>{{Cite book |last=Suh |first=Bongwon |date=2009 |title=Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration |last2=Convertino |first2=Gregorio |last3=Chi |first3=Ed H. |last4=Pirolli |first4=Peter |publisher=ACM Press |isbn=978-1-60558-730-1 |location=Orlando, FL |pages=1–10 |chapter=The singularity is not near |doi=10.1145/1641309.1641322 |doi-access=free}}</ref> se se amangwang le dikarolo tsa bong tsa banna tsa setso . <ref>{{Cite news|last=Torres|first=Nicole|date=June 2, 2016|title=Why Do So Few Women Edit Wikipedia?|url=https://hbr.org/2016/06/why-do-so-few-women-edit-wikipedia|access-date=August 20, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bear |first=Julia B. |last2=Collier |first2=Benjamin |date=March 2016 |title=Where are the Women in Wikipedia? Understanding the Different Psychological Experiences of Men and Women in Wikipedia |journal=Sex Roles |volume=74 |issue=5–6 |pages=254–265 |doi=10.1007/s11199-015-0573-y |s2cid=146452625}}</ref> Dipatlisiso di itebagantse thata le, sekai, go tlhoka botho ka dikganetsano, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khazraie |first=Marzieh |last2=Talebzadeh |first2=Hossein |date=February 7, 2020 |title="Wikipedia does NOT tolerate your babbling!": Impoliteness-induced conflict (resolution) in a polylogal collaborative online community of practice |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378216620300771 |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Pragmatics |volume=163 |pages=46–65 |doi=10.1016/j.pragma.2020.03.009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914115833/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378216620300771 |archive-date=September 14, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smirnov |first=Ivan |last2=Oprea |first2=Camelia |last3=Strohmaier |first3=Markus |date=December 1, 2023 |editor-last=Ognyanova |editor-first=Katherine |title=Toxic comments are associated with reduced activity of volunteer editors on Wikipedia |url=https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/doi/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad385/7457939 |url-status=live |journal=PNAS Nexus |volume=2 |issue=12 |doi=10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad385 |issn=2752-6542 |pmc=10697426 |pmid=38059265 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007101400/https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/doi/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad385/7457939 |archive-date=October 7, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024 |doi-access=free |article-number=pgad385}}</ref> tlhotlheletso ya dikampa tsa bakwadi tse di gaisanang, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lerner |first=Jürgen |last2=Lomi |first2=Alessandro |date=December 21, 2020 |title=The free encyclopedia that anyone can dispute: An analysis of the micro-structural dynamics of positive and negative relations in the production of contentious Wikipedia articles |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378873318300467 |url-status=live |journal=Social Networks |volume=60 |pages=11–25 |doi=10.1016/j.socnet.2018.12.003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126001010/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378873318300467 |archive-date=November 26, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Morris-O'Connor |first=Danielle A. |last2=Strotmann |first2=Andreas |last3=Zhao |first3=Dangzhi |date=April 4, 2023 |title=The colonization of Wikipedia: evidence from characteristic editing behaviors of warring camps |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JD-04-2022-0090/full/html |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Documentation |volume=79 |issue=3 |pages=784–810 |doi=10.1108/JD-04-2022-0090 |issn=0022-0418 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020151300/https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JD-04-2022-0090/full/html |archive-date=October 20, 2023 |access-date=November 14, 2023}}</ref> popego ya dipuisano, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ziembowicz |first=Karolina |last2=Roszczyńska-Kurasińska |first2=Magdalena |last3=Rychwalska |first3=Agnieszka |last4=Nowak |first4=Andrzej |date=October 3, 2022 |title=Predicting conflict-prone disputes using the structure of turn-taking: the case of Wikipedia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1924224 |url-status=live |journal=Information, Communication & Society |volume=25 |issue=13 |pages=1987–2005 |doi=10.1080/1369118X.2021.1924224 |issn=1369-118X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007091334/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1924224 |archive-date=October 7, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024}}</ref> le phetogo ya dikgotlhang go tlhoma mogopolo mo metsweding. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chhabra |first=Anamika |date=August 25, 2020 |title=Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Open Collaboration |last2=Kaur |first2=Rishemjit |last3=Iyengar |first3=S. R.S. |publisher=ACM |isbn=978-1-4503-8779-8 |pages=1–10 |chapter=Dynamics of Edit War Sequences in Wikipedia |doi=10.1145/3412569.3412585 |access-date=September 15, 2024 |chapter-url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3412569.3412585 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915052238/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3412569.3412585 |archive-date=September 15, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Ruprechter">{{Cite journal |last=Ruprechter |first=Thorsten |last2=Santos |first2=Tiago |last3=Helic |first3=Denis |date=September 9, 2020 |title=Relating Wikipedia article quality to edit behavior and link structure |journal=Applied Network Science |volume=5 |issue=1 |doi=10.1007/s41109-020-00305-y |issn=2364-8228 |doi-access=free |article-number=61}}</ref> Taha Yasseri wa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Oxford o ne a sekaseka dikgotlhang tsa go tlaleletsa/kwala dikwalo le go rarabololwa ga tsone mo patlisisong ya 2013. <ref name="Yasseri-2014">{{Cite book |last=Yasseri |first=Taha |author-link=Taha Yasseri |year=2014 |title=The Most Controversial Topics in Wikipedia: A Multilingual and Geographical Analysis |last2=Spoerri |first2=Anselm |last3=Graham |first3=Mark |last4=Kertész |first4=János |author-link4=János Kertész |publisher=Scarecrow Press |editor-last=Fichman, P. |doi=10.2139/SSRN.2269392 |ssrn=2269392 |editor-last2=Hara, N.}}</ref> Yasseri o ne a nganga gore go boela morago mo go bonolo fela kgotsa ditiro tsa "go dirolola" e ne e se selekanyo se se botlhokwa thata sa boitshwaro jo bo sa siamang jwa tiro kwa Wikipedia. O ne a ikaegile boemong jwa seo ka leano la "bakwadi ba le babedi ba bereka mmogo go boela ditlaleletso morago", le e leng gore mokwadi a le mongwe o tlaabo a busetsa morago go tlaleletsa ga mokwadi yo mongwe yo morago ga moo, ka tatelano, a boelang go busetsa tlaleletso ya mokwadi wa ntlha morago. Maduo a ne a tsenngwa mo lenaneong la diphetolelo di le mmalwa tsa dipuo tsa Wikipedia. Dikgotlhang tsa dipalo tse tharo tse di tona mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne e le tsa dikwalo tsa ga George W. Bush, botlhokapuso, le Muhammad . <ref name="Yasseri-2014" /> Fa go bapisiwa, mo Wikipedia ya Jeremane, dikgotlhang tsa dipalo tse tharo tse di tona ka nako ya patlisiso e ne e le tsa dikwalo tse di neng di bua ka Croatia, Scientology, le megopolo ka tiragalo ya 9/11 . <ref name="Yasseri-2014" /> Ka 2020, babatlisisi ba ne ba supa dikgato tse dingwe ka maitsholo a bakwadi, go feta go boela morago ditlaleletso ka bobedi, go supa dikgotlhang tsa go tlaleletsa dikwalo go ralala Wikipedia. <ref name="Ruprechter">{{Cite journal |last=Ruprechter |first=Thorsten |last2=Santos |first2=Tiago |last3=Helic |first3=Denis |date=September 9, 2020 |title=Relating Wikipedia article quality to edit behavior and link structure |journal=Applied Network Science |volume=5 |issue=1 |doi=10.1007/s41109-020-00305-y |issn=2364-8228 |doi-access=free |article-number=61}}</ref> Bakwadi gape ba ngangisana ka go phimolwa ga dikwalo mo Wikipedia, ka dingangisano tse di ntseng jalo di ka nna dikete di le makgolo a le matlhano fa e sa le Wikipedia e simololwa go tloga ka 2019. Fa lekwalo le sena go tlhophiwa go phimolwa, kganetsano gantsi e laolwa ke ditlhopo tsa ntlha (gore a le bolokwe kgotsa le phimolwe) le ka go umaka melawana ya tse di rileng tsa setlhogo. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mayfield |first=Elijah |last2=Black |first2=Alan W. |date=November 7, 2019 |title=Analyzing Wikipedia Deletion Debates with a Group Decision-Making Forecast Model |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3359308 |url-status=live |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction |volume=3 |issue=CSCW |pages=1–26 |doi=10.1145/3359308 |issn=2573-0142 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915025504/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3359308 |archive-date=September 15, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024}}</ref> j77gqx56vpvvhw381l3okbf13rtjneq 52383 52367 2026-07-12T22:10:39Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the section "Policies and content" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363537929|Wikipedia]]" 52383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | name = Wikipedia | logo = [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-tn.svg|250px]] | logo_caption = Sekano sa [[Wikipedia]] | screenshot = Wikipedia Portal Screenshot (2022).svg{{!}}border | screenshot_alt = Wikipedia portal showing the different languages sorted by article count | collapsible = yes | caption = Tebego ya tsebe ya konokono ya Wikipedia ka komputara | type = [[Maranyane a encyclopedia]] | language_count = {{NUMBEROF|languages|Wikipedia}} | country_of_origin = United States | owner = {{Unbulleted list|[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|}} | authors = {{Unbulleted list|[[Jimmy Wales]]|[[Larry Sanger]]}} | url = {{URL|https://www.wikipedia.org/|wikipedia.org}} | commercial = Nyaa | registration = Wa ithopela | num_users = [[List of Wikipedias#Statistics totals|>{{formatnum:{{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ACTIVEUSERS|totalactive.wikipedia}}}}}}]] active editors<ref> To be considered [[Special:ActiveUsers|active]], a user must make at least one edit or other action in a given month.</ref><br />[[list of Wikipedias#Statistics totals|>{{formatnum:{{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|USERS|totalactive.wikipedia}}}}}}]] registered users | launch_date = {{Start date and age|mf=yes|p=yes|br=yes|2001|1|15}} | current_status = Active | content_license = {{Nowrap|[[Creative Commons license|CC Attribution / Share-Alike]] 3.0}}<br />Most text is also dual-licensed under [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]]; media licensing varies | programming_language = [[LAMP (software bundle)|LAMP]] platform<ref name="roadchap">{{cite web |url=https://rogchap.com/2011/09/06/top-40-website-programming-languages/ |title= Top 40 Website Programming Languages |website= rogchap.com |author= Chapman, Roger |date= September 6, 2011 |access-date= September 6, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922015103/https://rogchap.com/2011/09/06/top-40-website-programming-languages/ |archive-date= September 22, 2013}}</ref> | oclc = 52075003 }} '''Wikipedia''' ke [[Ensaetlolopedia|ensatlolopedia]] ya mahala. E botlhokwa tota go dirisediwa go ka tlaleletsa dithuto. E fitlhelelwa ke mongwe le mongwe. Motho o ka dirisa mogala wa letheka kgotsa mafaratlhatlha a inthanete (internet) go ka batla kitso ka sengwe. ==Metswedi== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Wikipedia]] == Ditso == Go ne ga lekeletswa diensaetlolopedia tse di farologaneng tsa tirisanommogo tsa mo mafaratlhatlheng (inthanete) pele ga go simololwa ga Wikipedia, mme tsotlhe tsa atlega fela e seng mo go kalo kalo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Garber |first=Megan |date=October 12, 2011 |title=The contribution conundrum: Why did Wikipedia succeed while other encyclopedias failed? |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2011/10/the-contribution-conundrum-why-did-wikipedia-succeed-while-other-encyclopedias-failed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114540/https://www.niemanlab.org/2011/10/the-contribution-conundrum-why-did-wikipedia-succeed-while-other-encyclopedias-failed/ |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=June 5, 2016 |website=Nieman Lab}}</ref> Wikipedia e simolotse e le lenaneo le le tlaleletsang Nupedia, e leng thulaganyo ya mahala ya mafaratlhatlha a inthanete ya ensaetlolopedia ya puo ya Sekgoa e makwalo a yone a neng a kwalwa ke baitseanape le go sekasekwa ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo e e tlhomameng. <ref name="KockJungSyn2016">{{Cite journal |last=Kock |first=Ned |author-link=Ned Kock |last2=Jung |first2=Yusun |last3=Syn |first3=Thant |date=2016 |title=Wikipedia and e-Collaboration Research: Opportunities and Challenges |url=https://cits.tamiu.edu/kock/pubs/journals/2016JournalIJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration/Kock_etal_2016_IJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[International Journal of e-Collaboration]] |publisher=IGI Global |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.4018/IJeC.2016040101 |issn=1548-3681 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927001627/https://cits.tamiu.edu/kock/pubs/journals/2016JournalIJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration/Kock_etal_2016_IJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration.pdf |archive-date=September 27, 2016}}</ref> E tlhomilwe ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a le boferabongwe, ngwaga wa 2000, e le ya Bomis, e leng kompone ya web portal . Batho ba bagolo ba yone e ne e le Mookamedi-mogolo wa Bomis e bong Jimmy Wales le Larry Sanger, morulaganyi-mogolo wa Nupedia mme moragonyana wa Wikipedia. Nupedia e neilwe teseletso lantlha ka fa tlase ga teseletso ya yone ya Diteng tse di Buletsweng tsa Nupedia. Pele ga Wikipedia e tlhongwa, Nupedia e ne ya fetogela kwa Teseletso ya Dikwalo ya Mahala ya GNU se se rotloediwa ke Richard Stallman . Gantsi Wales o fiwa tlotla gore o ne a kgona go tlhalosa ka botlalo maikano a go dira ensaetlolopedia e makwalo a yone a kgonang go kwalwa le go baakangwa ke setshaba , fa Sanger ene a bokelwa go tswa ka leano la go dirisa wiki go fitlhelela maikano ao. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-15 |title=Tech Rewind: How Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia came to be |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/health-and-fitness/article/tech-rewind--how-wikipedia--the-free-encyclopedia-came-to-be-15915177 |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome, ngwaga wa 2001, Sanger o ne a ntsha mogopolo mo dithomelong tsa Nupedia go tlhama wiki gore e bereke go "thusa" lenaneo la Nupedia. <ref name="nupedia feeder from WP 1" group="W">{{Cite news|last=Sanger|first=Larry|date=January 10, 2001|title=Let's Make a Wiki|url=https://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html|access-date=December 26, 2008|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> === Tshimololo le kgolo === Wikipedia e simolodisitswe ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001, (ka dinako tse dingwe le bidiwa "Letsatsi la Wikipedia"), {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=7}} e le kgatiso e le nngwe ya puo ya Sekgoa e e nang le leina la kgolagano ya ''www.wikipedia.com'', mme le ne la bolelwa ke Sanger mo dithomelong tsa Nupedia. Leina le, le le duleng ka Sanger go thibela tshenyo epe e e ka nnang teng mo leineng la Nupedia, <ref>{{Cite news|last=Larry Sanger|author-link=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> le simolotse mo motswakong wa mafoko ''wiki'' le ''encyclopedia'' . Wales o boletse gore kgopolo ya Wikipedia e ne ya tlhotlhelediwa ke dikgopolo tsa thulaganyo e e sa rulaganngwang e e neng e amana le Friedrich Hayek le [[Austrian School|Sekolo sa tsa itsholelo sa kwa Austria]] morago ga gore moitseanape wa tsa itsholelo yo o ratang kgololesego e bong Mark Thornton a supe megopolo ye . <ref>{{Cite news|date=2009-04-15|title=Wikipedia's Model Follows Hayek - WSJ|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123976347774119699}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mangu-Ward |first=Katherine |date=2007-05-30 |title=Wikipedia and Beyond |url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ |archive-date=July 25, 2021 |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Reason.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Segolobogolo, Wales o ne ya tlhotlhelediwa ke polelo ya ga Hayek ya Tiriso ya Kitso mo Setšhabeng e e neng e bolela gore e ne e le "konokono" mo mogopolong wa gagwe ka ga "kafa a ka laolang lenaneo la Wikipedia ka teng". <ref name=":0" /> Molao wa tsamaiso ya yone o o botlhokwa wa " pono e e sa tseyeng letlhakore " o ne wa simolola mo ngwageng wa yone wa ntlha . {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=29}}Mme fela, go ne go na le melao e mmalwa, mme e ne e bereka e sa laolwe ke Nupedia. Bomis kwa tshimologong e ne e ikaeletse gore e nne kgwebo e e dirang dipoelo. <ref name="Seth-Finkelstein">{{Cite news|date=September 25, 2008|title=Read me first: Wikipedia isn't about human potential, whatever Wales says|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/sep/25/wikipedia.internet|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> Wikipedia e ne ya bona bakwadi/batlatsi ba ntlha go tswa mo Nupedia, dipego tsa ''Slashdot'', le go dira dikgolagano tsa enjene ya patlo ya webo. Dikgatiso tsa puo di ne tsa tlhamiwa go simolola ka Mopitlo 2001, mme palo yotlhe ya tse di ne di dirisiwang di le lekgolo le masome a le marataro le bongwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2004. Nupedia le Wikipedia di ne tsa nna mmogo go fitlhela disefara tsa Nupedia di emisetswa ruri ka 2003, mme dikwalo tsa yone di ne tsa tsenngwa mo Wikipedia. Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e fetile letshwao la dikwalo tse di didikadike di le pedi (2 million) ka Lwetse a le malatsi a le boferabongwe, ngwaga wa 2007, mme se se ne sa e dira gore e nne ensaetlolopedia e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe tse di kileng tsa kokoanngwa, e feta ''Ensaetlolopedia ya Yongle'' e e neng ya dirwa kwa China ka nako ya puso ya ga Ming ka 1408, e e neng e tshwere rekoto ya teng dingwaga di ka nna makgolo a le marataro. Ka ntlha ya go tshaba papatso ya dikgwebo le go tlhoka taolo, badirisi ba Wikipedia ya Sepanishe ba ne ba tswa mo Wikipedia go tlhama {{Lang|es|[[Enciclopedia Libre]]}} ka Tlhakole 2002. <ref name="EL fears and start 1" group="W">{{Cite web |title=[long] Enciclopedia Libre: msg#00008 |url=https://osdir.com/ml/science.linguistics.wikipedia.international/2003-03/msg00008.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006065927/https://osdir.com/ml/science.linguistics.wikipedia.international/2003-03/msg00008.html |archive-date=October 6, 2008 |access-date=December 26, 2008 |website=Osdir}}</ref> Morago ga moo Wales o ne a ntsha kitsiso ya gore Wikipedia ga e kitla e bontsha dikgang tsa ipapatso mme ya fetola kgolagano ya dikhomphiutha go tswa go ''wikipedia.com'' go ya go ''wikipedia.org'' . <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Vibber |first=Brion |date=August 16, 2002 |title=Brion VIBBER at pobox.com |url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-August/003982.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620071550/https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-August/003982.html |archive-date=June 20, 2014 |access-date=December 8, 2020 |website=[[Wikimedia]]}}</ref> Morago ga paka ya ntlha ya kgolo e e kwa godimo, <ref name="wikisym slowing growth 1" /> go lebega selekanyo sa kgolo ya Wikipedia ya Sekgoa go ya ka dipalo tsa dikwalo tse disha le tsa bakwadi e ne ya tsholetsega thata go bapa le ngwaga wa 2007 o simolola. <ref name="guardian WP user peak 1">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia approaches its limits|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/aug/12/wikipedia-deletionist-inclusionist|access-date=March 31, 2010}}</ref> Kgatiso e e ne ya fitlhelela dikwalo di le didikadike di le tharo ka Phatwe 2009. Dikwalo di ka nna sekete le makgolo a le boferabobedi di ne di tsenngwa mo ensaetlolopedia ye ka letsatsi ka ngwaga wa 2006; ka 2013 palogare eo e ne e tsamaela makgolo a le boferabobedi. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Wikipedia)) |author-link=Special:History/Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia extended growth |title=Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia extended growth |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Modelling_Wikipedia_extended_growth |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826234512/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Modelling_Wikipedia%27s_growth |archive-date=August 26, 2011 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Setlhopha kwa Lekalaneng la Dipatlisiso la Palo Alto se ne sa amanya go fokotsega mo ga kgolo le "go oketsega ga kgokagano le ditshenyegelo tse di kwa godimo, go se akarediwe batho ba basha mo lenaneong, le go gana diphetogo tse disha". Ba bangwe ba ne ba akantsha gore kgolo e ne ya fokotsega ka gonne dikwalo tse di ka bidiwang " [[wiktionary:low-hanging fruit|tse di motlhofo thata]] "— tsa ditlhogo tse di tshwanelwang ke go nna dikwalo—di ne di setse di tlhamilwe le go agiwa thata. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Cohen|author-link=Noam Cohen|title=Wikipedia&nbsp;– Exploring Fact City|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/29/weekinreview/29cohen.html}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele 2009, mmatlisisi mongwe kwa Sekolong sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Rey Juan Carlos kwa Madrid, kwa Spain, o ne a fitlhela gore Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne e latlhegetswe ke bakwadi/batlatsi ba le dikete di le masome a mane le boferabongwe mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse tharo tsa 2009; fa e bapisiwa, e ne e latlhegetswe ke bakwadi ba le dikete di le nne le makgolo a le boferabongwe fela mo pakeng e e tshwanang ka 2008. <ref name="guardian editors leaving 1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/nov/26/wikipedia-losing-disgruntled-editors|title=Wikipedia falling victim to a war of words|work=The Guardian|location=London|first=Jenny|last=Kleeman|date=November 26, 2009|access-date=December 13, 2016}}</ref> ''Pego ya The Wall Street'' e ne ya umaka melao e e farologaneng e e dirisiwang mo go direng dikwalo le dikganetsano tse di amanang le diteng tsa one gareng ga mabaka a a dirang gore go nne le tlwaelo ya kgang ye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fowler |first=Geoffrey A. |last2=Angwin |first2=Julia |date=November 27, 2009 |title=Volunteers Log Off as Wikipedia Ages |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125893981183759969 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204041034/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125893981183759969 |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> Wales o ne a ganetsa dikgang tse ka 2009, a ganela dikgang tsa phokotsego le go belaela mokgwa wa patlisiso eo. <ref name="telegraph Wales WP not losing editors 1">{{Cite news|last=Barnett|first=Emma|date=November 26, 2009|title=Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales denies site is 'losing' thousands of volunteer editors|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/6660646/Wikipedias-Jimmy-Wales-denies-site-is-losing-thousands-of-volunteer-editors.html|access-date=March 31, 2010}}</ref> Morago ga dingwaga di le pedi, ka 2011, o ne a amogela gore go nnile le phokotsego e nnye, a lemoga phokotsego go tswa go "bakwadi ba ba fetang dikete di le masome a mararo le borataro go le sekae" ka Seetebosigo 2010 go ya go ba le dikete di le masome a mararo le botlhano le makgolo a le boferabobedi ka Seetebosigo 2011. Mo go yone potsolotso eo, o ne a bolela gape gore palo ya bakwadi e ne e "tlhomame e bile e tswelelela pele". <ref name="wiki-women">{{Cite news|last=Rawlinson|first=Kevin|date=August 8, 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks women to balance its 'geeky' editors|newspaper=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/wikipedia-seeks-women-to-balance-its-geeky-editors-2333605.html|access-date=April 5, 2012}}</ref> Setlhogo sa lekwalo la 2013 la ''MIT Technology Review'', "Go wela tlase ga Wikipedia", se ne sa belaela polelo e, sa bega gore fa e sale ka 2007 Wikipedia e ne e latlhegetswe ke nngwetharong ya bakwadi ba yone ba ba ithaopileng, mme sa akantsha gore ba ba setseng ba ne ba tlhomile mogopolo thata mo dintlheng tse dinnye. <ref name="Simonite-2013">{{Cite journal |last=Simonite |first=Tom |date=October 22, 2013 |title=The Decline of Wikipedia |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ |url-status=live |journal=[[MIT Technology Review]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731083716/https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ |archive-date=July 31, 2022 |access-date=November 30, 2013}}</ref> Ka Phukwi 2012, ''The Atlantic'' e ne ya bega gore palo ya batsamaisi le yone e ne e fokotsega. <ref name="Meyer-2012">{{Cite news|last=Meyer|first=Robinson|date=July 16, 2012|title=3 Charts That Show How Wikipedia Is Running Out of Admins|work=The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/07/3-charts-that-show-how-wikipedia-is-running-out-of-admins/259829|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatseele 2013, bukana ya ditshwantsho ya ''New York'' e ne ya bolela jaana, "Wikipedia, webosaete ya borataro e e dirisiwang thata, e lebagane le mathata a tsamaiso ya one." Palo ya bakwadi ba esaentlolopedia ya Sekgoa ba ba e dirisang gangwe le gape fa e sa le ka nako eo e ntse e tlhomame morago ga nako e telele ya go wela tlase. <ref>{{Cite news|last=F.|first=G.|date=May 5, 2013|title=Who really runs Wikipedia?|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2013/05/05/who-really-runs-wikipedia|access-date=November 26, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mandiberg |first=Michael |date=February 23, 2020 |title=Mapping Wikipedia |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/02/where-wikipedias-editors-are-where-they-arent-and-why/605023/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115131524/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/02/where-wikipedias-editors-are-where-they-arent-and-why/605023 |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |access-date=November 26, 2021 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa 2014, Subodh Varma yo o neng a begela ''The Economic Times'' o ne a supa gore ga se fela gore kgolo ya Wikipedia e ne e eme, e ne e "latlhegetswe ke palo ya dipono tsa dikwalo di ka nna lesome mo lekgolong ngogola. Go nnile le phokotsego ye e ka nnang dikadikadike di le dikete tse pedi (2 billion) fa gare ga Sedimonthole 2012 le Sedimonthole 2013. Diphetolelo tsa yone tse di ratiwang thata ke tsone tse di eteletseng pele mo tsebeng: dipono tsa dikwalo tsa Wikipedia ya Sekgoa di fokotsegile ka lesome le bobedi mo lekgolong (12%), tsa mofuta wa Sejeremane di fokotsegile ka lesome le bosupa mo lekgolong (17%) mme tsa mofuta wa Sejapane di fokotsegile ka boferabongwe mo lekgolong (9%)." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{Cite news|last=Varma|first=Subodh|date=January 20, 2014|title=Google eating into Wikipedia page views?|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/29094246.cms|access-date=February 10, 2014}}</ref> Varma o ne a tlatsa a re, "Le fa baokamedi ba Wikipedia ba akanya gore se se ka tswa se bakilwe ke diphoso tsa go tsaa dipalo, baitseanape ba bangwe ba akanya gore lenaneo la Google la Knowledge Graphs le le simolotsweng ngogola le ka tswa le ne le tsaya badirisi ba Wikipedia." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com" /> Fa go ikgolagangwa le ene, Clay Shirky, morutintshi-mmogo kwa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa New York le modiri ka ene kwa Lekalana la Setšhaba le mafaratlhatlha a Inthanete la Berkman Klein la Harvard o ne a bolela gore o belaela gore bontsi jwa go fokotsega ga go lebelewa ga ditsebe go bakilwe ke Dikerafo tsa Kitso, a bolela jaana, "Fa o ka kgona go bona karabo ya potso ya gago mo tsebeng ya patlo, ga o tlhoke go [tobetsa] go ya pele." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com" /> Kwa bokhutlong jwa Sedimonthole 2016, Wikipedia e ne ya fiwa maemo a botlhano mo webosaeteng e e itseweng thata mo lefatsheng lotlhe ka bophara. <ref name="Alexa">{{Cite web |title=Alexa Top 500 Global Sites |url=https://www.alexa.com/topsites |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203120227/https://www.alexa.com/topsites |archive-date=February 3, 2021 |access-date=December 28, 2016 |website=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Go ema ka Firikgong 2023, go setse go nopotswe dikwalo di le dikete di le masome a matlhano le botlhano le makgolo a le bosupa le masome a le boferabongwe le bongwe (55 791) tsa Wikipedia ya Sekgoa makgetho a le dikete di le masome a le boferabongwe le bobedi le makgolo a le mararo (92 300 ) mo dibukaneng tsa barutegi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Citations of Wikipedia as an Online Resource |url=https://exaly.com/online-resource/146983/en.wikipedia.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104134042/https://exaly.com/online-resource/146983/en.wikipedia.org |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |access-date=November 4, 2022 |publisher=exaly}}</ref> tse go tswa mo go tsone tiriso ya dikitso tsa dikhomphiutha e neng e le tsebe e e nopotsweng thata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Citations of Cloud Computing |url=https://exaly.com/online-document/8348259/articles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104134042/https://exaly.com/online-document/8348259/articles/ |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |access-date=November 4, 2022 |publisher=exaly}}</ref> === Dithulaganyo tse di berekang le yone === Wikipedia e tlhamile mananeo a le mmalwa a a berekang le ensaetlolopedia, tse gape e leng diwiki tse di tsamaisiwang ke [[Wikimedia Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] . [[Wikimedia Foundation|Mananeo a mangwe a Wikimedia]] a a akaretsa Wiktionary, lenaneo la bukana ya ithunthuntso mafoko e e neng ya simololwa ka Sedimonthole 2002, Wikiquote, kokoanyo ya dinopolo tse di tlhamilweng beke morago ga gore Wikimedia e simololwe, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Woods |first=Dan |year=2007 |title=Wikis for dummies |last2=Theony |first2=Peter |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn=978-1-118-05066-8 |edition=1st |location=Hoboken, NJ |page=58 |chapter=3: The Thousand Problem-Solving Faces of Wikis |oclc=1300481129 |ol=5741003W}}</ref> Wikibooks, kokoanyo ya dibukathuto tsa mahala tse di kwadilweng ka tirisanommogo, <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Meta-Wiki)) |author-link=m:Special:History/Talk:Science Hypertextbook project |title=Talk:Science Hypertextbook project |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=153077 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319183224/http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=153077 |archive-date=March 19, 2023 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> [[Wikimedia Commons]] . e e neng e diretswe metswedi ya dikgang ya kitso e e gololesegileng, Wikinews, ya bobegadikgang jo bo dirisanang mmogo, le Wikiversity, lenaneo la go tlhama didirisiwa tsa go ithuta tsa mahala le go tlamela ka ditiro tsa go ithuta ka inthanete. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Wikiversity)) |author-link=v:Special:History/Wikiversity:History of Wikiversity |title=Wikiversity:History of Wikiversity |url=https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:History_of_Wikiversity |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724204635/https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:History_of_Wikiversity |archive-date=July 24, 2015 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Wikiversity |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Lenaneo le lengwe la Wikipedia, Wikispecies, le nankolola mefuta ya ditshedi tsotlhe, mme ga e a bulegela go ka tlaletswa ke setšhaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=February 18, 2005 |title=NET News: Calling All Taxonomists |journal=Science |volume=307 |issue=5712 |page=1021 |doi=10.1126/science.307.5712.1021a |s2cid=220095354 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ka 2012, Wikivoyage, e leng kaedi ya mesepele e e ka tlaleletswang, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Luyt |first=Brendan |date=January 1, 2020 |title=A new kind of travel guide or more of the same? Wikivoyage and Cambodia |journal=Online Information Review |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=356–371 |doi=10.1108/OIR-03-2020-0104}}</ref> le Wikidata, e leng motheo wa kitso o o ka tlaleletswang le one, di ne tsa simololwa. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Matthew |date=March 30, 2012 |title=The Wikipedia data revolution |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2012/03/30/the-wikipedia-data-revolution/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114634/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2012/03/30/the-wikipedia-data-revolution/ |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Diff |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> === Diphitlhelelo === [[File:List_of_Wikipedia_articles_by_language_-_March_2024.svg|thumb|[[Cartogram]] showing number of articles in the top 88 Wikipedias ({{as of|2024|3|lc=y|post=).}} The size of the circles for Wikipedias that have less than a million articles is fixed and not proportional to the size of the Wikipedia. The smallest Wikipedia that made the cutoff is the [[Haitian Creole]] Wikipedia with 69K articles.{{efn|As of April 2026, the [[Haitian Creole]] Wikipedia, with 72K articles, is in 91st place when ranked by number of articles.}}<br /> The languages are roughly grouped by region: <br />{{hlist|{{legend0|#4C0099|[[Northern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CC0000|[[Southern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CCCC00|[[Eastern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CC6600|[[Middle East]]}}|{{legend0|#4C9900|[[East Asia]]}}|{{legend0|#00CDFF|[[Indian subcontinent]]}}|{{legend0|#660000|[[Sub-Saharan Africa]]}}|{{legend0|#808080|[[Central Asia]]}}|{{legend0|#6600CC|[[Caribbean]]}}}} ]] Ka Firikgong 2007, Wikipedia e ne ya nna nngwe ya diwebosaete tse di lesome tse di tumileng thata kwa Amerika, go ya ka Comscore Networks. <ref name="Comscore-2007">{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2007 |title=New Year's Resolutions Reflected in January U.S. Web Traffic |url=https://ir.comscore.com/static-files/45b068e1-1cee-412a-b48f-21ec34e7b59d |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819190445/https://ir.comscore.com/static-files/45b068e1-1cee-412a-b48f-21ec34e7b59d |archive-date=August 19, 2021 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[Comscore]] |page=3 |format=PDF}}</ref> Ka badirisi ba yone ba ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le masome a mane le bobedi le dikete di le makgolo a le boferabongwe (42.9), e ne ya nna mo maemong a boferabongwe, e feta ''The New York Times'' (maemo a lesome) le Apple (maemo a lesome le bongwe). <ref name="Comscore-2007" /> Se se ne sa tshwaya koketsego e e bonalang go feta Firikgong 2006, fa Wikipedia e ne e le mo maemong a bomasome a le mararo le boraro, ka badirisi ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le lesome le boferabobedi le dikete di le makgolo a le mararo ka (18.3 million). Ka 2014, e ne ya amogela dipono tsa ditsebe di le didikadike di le dikete tse di boferabobedi (8 billion) kgwedi le kgwedi. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report&nbsp;– Wikipedia Page Views Per Country |url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm |archive-date=October 20, 2011 |access-date=March 8, 2015 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Ka Tlhakole a le malatsi ae boferabongwe, 2014, ''The New York Times'' e ne ya bega gore Wikipedia e ne e na le &nbsp;dipono tsa ditsebe di le dikadikadike di le dikete tse dilesome le boferabobedi (18 billion) le badirisi ba ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le makgolo a le matlhano (500 million) ka kgwedi, "go ya ka ditekanyetso tsa comScore". <ref name="small screen">{{Cite news|last=Cohen|first=Noam|author-link=Noam Cohen|date=February 9, 2014|title=Wikipedia vs. the Small Screen|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/10/technology/wikipedia-vs-the-small-screen.html?_r=0|access-date=January 22, 2023}}</ref> Go ema ka Mopitlo 2023, e ne le mo maemong a borataro ka go tuma go ya kaSimilarweb.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Similarweb |title=Top Websites Ranking – Most Visited Websites In The World |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210041116/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |archive-date=February 10, 2022 |access-date=March 4, 2023 |website=[[Similarweb]]}}</ref> Jeff Loveland le Joseph Reagle ba nganga gore, mo tsamaisong, Wikipedia e latela mokgwa wa tsela e e telele wa diensaetlolopedia tsa ditso tse di kokoantseng ditokafatso ka bonya ka bonya ka " go kokoanya ga stigmergy ". <ref name="sagepub WP and encyclopedic production 1">{{Cite journal |last=Loveland |first=Jeff |last2=Reagle |first2=Joseph |date=January 15, 2013 |title=Wikipedia and encyclopedic production |journal=New Media & Society |volume=15 |issue=8 |page=1294 |doi=10.1177/1461444812470428 |issn=1461-4448 |s2cid=27886998}}</ref> <ref name="theatlantic WP actually a reversion 1">{{Cite web |last=Rosen |first=Rebecca J. |date=January 30, 2013 |title=What If the Great Wikipedia 'Revolution' Was Actually a Reversion? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/what-if-the-great-wikipedia-revolution-was-actually-a-reversion/272697 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229051117/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/what-if-the-great-wikipedia-revolution-was-actually-a-reversion/272697/ |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |access-date=February 9, 2013 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome le boferabobedi, ngwaga wa 2012, Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne ya nna le seabe mo motseletseleng wa ditshupetso tse di rulagantsweng kgatlhanong le melao e mebedi e e neng e tshitshintswe kwa Lekgotlaneng la United States — Molao wa go Emisa go Utswa bodiratsi/dikwalo mo mafaratlhatlheng (SOPA) le Molao wa PROTECT IP (PIPA)—ka go fifatsa ditsebe tsa yone dioura di le masome a mabedi le bone . <ref name="LA Times Jan 19">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia: SOPA protest led eight million to look up reps in Congress|url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2012/01/wikipedia-sopa-blackout-congressional-representatives.html|access-date=March 6, 2012}}</ref> Batho ba feta didikadike di le lekgolo le le lengwe le masome a mabedi ba bone tsebe e e neng e tlhalosa go fifafatsa moo e e neng e tsere maemo a diteng tsa ensaetlolopedia nakwana e e seng ya sennela ruri. <ref name="BBC WP blackout protest 1">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia joins blackout protest at US anti-piracy moves|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-16590585|access-date=January 19, 2012}}</ref> <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=SOPA/Blackoutpage |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/SOPA/Blackoutpage |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622185443/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/SOPA/Blackoutpage |archive-date=June 22, 2018 |access-date=January 19, 2012 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Ka Firikgong 2013, 274301 Wikipedia, e leng asteroid, e ne ya bidiwa ka Wikipedia; <ref>{{Cite news|last=Workman|first=Robert|date=January 5, 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|work=[[Space.com]]|url=https://www.space.com/19643-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> ka Phalane 2014, Wikipedia e ne ya tlotlomatswa ka ''Sefikantswe sa Wikipedia'' ; <ref>{{Cite news|last=Katz|first=Leslie|date=October 27, 2014|title=A Wikipedia monument? It's true (we're pretty sure)|work=[[CNET]]|url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/a-wikipedia-monument-its-true-were-pretty-sure/|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> mme, ka Phukwi 2015, ditshutiso tsa Wikipedia di le lekgolo le le lengwe le borataro (106) mo go tse di dikete di le bosupa le makgolo a le mane le masome a le bosupa le boraro (7 473) tse di nang le ditsebe di le makgolo a le masupa 700 di ne tsa nna teng e le Wikipedia e e Gatisitsweng . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sawers |first=Paul |date=June 18, 2015 |title=You can soon buy a 7,471-volume printed version of Wikipedia for $500,000 |url=https://venturebeat.com/business/you-can-soon-buy-a-7471-volume-printed-version-of-wikipedia-for-500000/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017154940/https://venturebeat.com/business/you-can-soon-buy-a-7471-volume-printed-version-of-wikipedia-for-500000/ |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |access-date=January 24, 2023 |website=VentureBeat}}</ref> Ka Moranang 2019, sefofane sa Iseraele se se fologang mo ngweding, Beresheet, se ne sa wela mo godimo ga [[Ngwedi]] se tshotse dikhophi tsa dikwalo tsa Wikipedia ya sekgoa tsotlhe di gateletswe mo dipoleiting tse ditshesane tsa nikele; baitseanape ba re go ka direga gore dipoleiti tse di ne tsa seka tsa amega fa tiragalo e ya go wa ga sefofane e diragala. <ref name="WRD-20190805">{{Cite news|last=Oberhaus|first=Daniel|date=August 5, 2019|title=A Crashed Israeli Lunar Lander Spilled Tardigrades On The Moon|work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|url=https://www.wired.com/story/a-crashed-israeli-lunar-lander-spilled-tardigrades-on-the-moon/|access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="VOX-20190806">{{Cite news|last=Resnick|first=Brian|title=Tardigrades, the toughest animals on Earth, have crash-landed on the moon&nbsp;– The tardigrade conquest of the solar system has begun.|url=https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/8/6/20756844/tardigrade-moon-beresheet-arch-mission|date=August 6, 2019|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> Ka Seetebosigo 2019, baitseanape ba maranyane ba ne ba bega gore 16 GB otlhe wa dikwalo tse di tswang mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa o tsentswe mo DNA ya maitirelo . <ref name="CNET-20190629">{{Cite news|last=Shankland|first=Stephen|date=June 29, 2019|title=Startup packs all 16&nbsp;GB of Wikipedia onto DNA strands to demonstrate new storage tech&nbsp;– Biological molecules will last a lot longer than the latest computer storage technology, Catalog believes.|work=[[CNET]]|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/startup-packs-all-16gb-wikipedia-onto-dna-strands-demonstrate-new-storage-tech/|access-date=August 15, 2023}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le lesome le boferabobedi, 2023, Wikipedia e ne ya simolodisa webosaete e ntšha e e baakantsweng , e e bidiwang " Vector 2022 ". <ref name="Pearl-2023">{{Cite web |last=Pearl |first=Mike |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Yes, Wikipedia looks weird. Don't freak out. |url=https://mashable.com/article/new-wikipedia-redesign |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120012235/https://mashable.com/article/new-wikipedia-redesign |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[Mashable]]}}</ref> <ref name="Tech Desk-2023">{{Cite web |last=Tech Desk |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Wikipedia gets a facelift after 10 years: A look at new interface and features |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/wikipedia-gets-a-facelift-after-10-years-a-look-at-new-interface-and-features/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119054103/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/wikipedia-gets-a-facelift-after-10-years-a-look-at-new-interface-and-features/ |archive-date=January 19, 2023 |access-date=January 22, 2023 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> E ne e na le tsebe ya lenaneo e e tlhamilweng sesha, e sutisetsa tafole ya diteng kafa molemeng go e dira baara e e kafa thoko, le diphetogo di le dintsi fa go tobediwang teng go tlhopha tse o batlang go di dirisa jaaka sedirisiwa sa go tlhopha puo. <ref name="Tech Desk-2023" /> <ref group="W">{{Cite news|date=January 18, 2023|title=Wikipedia Gets a Fresh New Look: First Desktop Update in a Decade Puts Usability at the Forefront|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-a-fresh-new-look-first-desktop-update-in-a-decade-puts-usability-at-the-forefront/|access-date=January 22, 2023}}</ref> Ntšhafatso e e ne ya amogela tsibogo e e sa siamang kwa tshimologong, segolobogolo fa bakwadi botlhe ba Wikipedia ya Seswahili ba ne ba tlhopha go busetsa diphetogo morago. <ref name="Pearl-2023" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rauwerda |first=Annie |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Wikipedia's Redesign Is Barely Noticeable. That's the Point. |url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120005241/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Slate Magazine}}</ref> Bobedi jo, Sanger le Wales ba ne tsenelela dipotsolotso tse di phatlalatsa kwa bokhutlong jwa 2025 ka ga dikakanyo tsa bone ka ga maemo le seemo sa Wikipedia, go fitlha go felela fa dingwageng tsa one tse di masome a mabedi le botlhano e ntse e le mo tirisong ka Firikgong a le lesome le botlhano, ngwaga wa 2026; Wales o ne a tlhagelela mo thulaganyong ya dikgang tsa PBS mo lenaneong la GZERO World e e neng e botsolodiwa ke Ian Bremmer mme Sanger o ne a tlhagelela mo Dikgannyeng tsa Fox, e e neng e botsolodiwa ke Ashley Rindsberg . Buka ya ga Wales ya ''Melao e e Supa ya go Ikanyega'' e ne ya gatisiwa ke Penguin Random House ka Phalane 2025 . E ne ya tlhalosiwa ke mogatisi jaaka "kakanyo e e tseneletseng ka ga mathata a lefatshe a go ikanyega le kitso" e le buka e e kanokang "melao ya go tshepana" e e letleletseng kgolo le katlego ya Wikipedia. <ref name="Penguin">{{Cite web |title=The Seven Rules of Trust |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/734278/the-seven-rules-of-trust-by-jimmy-wales-with-dan-gardner/ |access-date=22 October 2025 |website=[[Penguin Random House]] |language=en}}</ref> === Ditlamorago tsa maranyane a botlhale jwa maiterelo (generative AI ) mo dipalong tsa dipono tsa ditsebe tsa Wikipedia === Fa e sa le ka Firikgong 2024, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o begile koketsego ya sephatlo mo lekgolong ya tiriso tsa dibandwith go tswa mo go bapaleng diteng tsa bobegakgang mo mananeong a one otlhe. Go ya ka mokgatlho yo, kgolo e e amana le mananeo a a iperekisang ka boone, kgotsa di-bot tsa " scraper ", tse di kokoanyang ditshutiso tsa kitso mo ditsebeng tsa Wikimedia gore di dirisiwe mo go katiseng didirisiwa tse ditona tsa puo le ditiro tse di amanang le tsone. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weaver |first=Tanya |date=2025-04-04 |title=AI scraper bots putting costly strain on Wikimedia infrastructure |url=https://eandt.theiet.org/2025/04/04/ai-scraper-bots-are-putting-costly-strain-wikimedias-infrastructure |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=eandt.theiet.org}}</ref> Ka Phalane 2025, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o ne wa bega palo kakanyetso e le boferabobedi mo lekgolong ya phokotsego ya pharakano fa go bapisiwa le kgwedi e e tshwanang ka 2024 mo diponong tse di dirilweng ke batho. Ba bua gore se se bontsha tiriso ya Maranyane a botlhale jwa maitirelo le metswedi ya dikgang di sedimosa ka fa batho ba ratang go batla kitso/dikgang ka teng. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ha |first=Anthony |date=2025-10-18 |title=Wikipedia says traffic is falling due to AI search summaries and social video |url=https://techcrunch.com/2025/10/18/wikipedia-says-traffic-is-falling-due-to-ai-search-summaries-and-social-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251221202413/https://techcrunch.com/2025/10/18/wikipedia-says-traffic-is-falling-due-to-ai-search-summaries-and-social-video/ |archive-date=December 21, 2025 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=TechCrunch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Marshall |date=2025-10-17 |title=New User Trends on Wikipedia |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/ |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=Diff}}</ref> <references /> == Tirisanommogo ya bakwadi == [[File:History_Comparison_Example_(Vector).png|thumb|Dipharologano tse di gateletsweng mo dikwalong tsa setlhogo se le sengwe]] === Melawana === Ka ntlha ya go tuma ga Wikipedia mo go ntseng go oketsega, dikgatiso dingwe, di akaretsa le tsa Sekgoa, di simolodisitse melawana e e laolang go tlaleletsa dikwalo fa gongwe. Ka sekai, mo Wikipedia ya sekgoa le dikgatiso dingwe tsa dipuo, badirisi ba ba nang le diphetogo di le lesome tsa dikwalo mme gape ba na le malatsi a le mane e le badirisi ke bone fela ba ba ka dirang dikwalo tse disha. Mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa, gareng ga tse dingwe, ditsebe tse di bakang dikganetsano thata, tse di masisi, kgotsa tse di nang le kgonagalo ya go senngwa di ile tsa sirelediwa ka selekanyo se se farologaneng. <ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hafner|first1=Katie|date=June 17, 2006|title=Growing Wikipedia Refines Its 'Anyone Can Edit' Policy|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/17/technology/17wiki.html|access-date=December 5, 2016}}</ref> Tsebe e e senngwang gantsi e ka nna "e e sireleditsweng bontlhabongwe" kgotsa "e e sireleditsweng e netefaditswe gape e atolositswe", se se rayang gore ke fela bakwadi ba ba "tlhomamisitsweng" kgotsa ba ba "netefaditsweng mo go atolositsweng" ba ka e fetolang. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=12–13}}Setlhogo se se bakang dikganetsano thata se ka nna sa lotlelwa gore e nne batsamaisi fela ba ba ka dirang diphetogo. Lekwalo la 2021 mo ''Columbia Journalism Review'' le ne la supa melawana ya Wikipedia ya go sireletsa ditsebe jaaka "gongwe tsela e e botlhokwa thata" e e nang le yone ya go "laola mmaraka wa yone wa megopolo". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrison |first=Stephen |last2=Benjakob |first2=Omer |date=January 14, 2021 |title=Wikipedia is twenty. It's time to start covering it better. |url=https://www.cjr.org/opinion/wikipedia-is-twenty-its-time-to-start-covering-it-better.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117150508/https://www.cjr.org/opinion/wikipedia-is-twenty-its-time-to-start-covering-it-better.php |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |access-date=January 15, 2021 |website=[[Columbia Journalism Review]]}}</ref> Wikipedia e abetse di- bot ditiro dingwe . tsamaiso ya algorithm ya mofuta yoo e bonolo go tsenngwa mo tirisong le go lekanyediwa, mme go gana go amogela diphetogo mo go itirisang (automated rejection ) go ka tswa go nnile le seabe mo go fokotsegeng ga bakwadi ba ba matlhagatlhaga ba Wikipedia. <ref name="Ren-2024">{{Cite journal |last=Ren |first=Yuqing |last2=Zhang |first2=Haifeng |last3=Kraut |first3=Robert E. |date=February 29, 2024 |title=How Did They Build the Free Encyclopedia? A Literature Review of Collaboration and Coordination among Wikipedia Editors |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3617369 |url-status=live |journal=ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=1–48 |doi=10.1145/3617369 |issn=1073-0516 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912194101/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3617369 |archive-date=September 12, 2024 |access-date=September 12, 2024}}</ref> Di-bot di tshwanetse go amogelwa ke badirisi pele ga ditiro tsa tsone di tsenngwa mo tirisong. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=36}} Mo dikgannyeng tse dingwe, bakwadi botlhe ba letlelelwa go romela diphetogo, fela go tlhokega tshekatsheko mo bakwading bangwe, go lebilwe diemo dingwe. Ka sekai, Wikipedia ya Sejeremane e boloka "diphetolo tse di tlhomameng" tsa dikwalo tse di fentseng go tlhatlhobiwa mo go rileng. Morago ga diteko tse di tsereng nako e telele le dipuisano tsa badirisi, Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne ya tlhagisa thulaganyo ya "diphetogo tse di santseng di letilwe" ka Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2012. <ref name="BInsider pending changes intro 1">{{Cite news|last=Henderson|first=William|date=December 10, 2012|title=Wikipedia Has Figured Out A New Way To Stop Vandals In Their Tracks|work=[[Insider Inc.|Business Insider]]|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/pending-changes-safeguard-on-wikipedia-2012-12|access-date=January 22, 2023}}</ref> Ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ye, diphetogo tsa badirisi ba basha le ba ba sa kwadisiwang mo dikwalong dingwe tse di bakang dikganetsano kgotsa tse di nnang di senngwa di sekasekwa ke badirisi ba ba tlhomameng pele ga di gatisiwa. <ref>{{Cite news|last1=Frewin|first1=Jonathan|date=June 15, 2010|title=Wikipedia unlocks divisive pages for editing|journal=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/10312095|access-date=August 21, 2014}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, melawana ya go tlaleletsa dikwalo e fokotsa go nna le seabe ga bakwadi ga mmogo le maiteko a go kabakanya morafe wa badirisi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ajmani |first=Leah |last2=Vincent |first2=Nicholas |last3=Chancellor |first3=Stevie |date=September 28, 2023 |title=Peer Produced Friction: How Page Protection on Wikipedia Affects Editor Engagement and Concentration |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3610198 |url-status=live |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction |volume=7 |issue=CSCW2 |pages=1–33 |doi=10.1145/3610198 |issn=2573-0142 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915061444/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3610198 |archive-date=September 15, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024}}</ref> Dikwalo tse di amanang le kgotlhang ya Iseraele le Palestina di bewa ka fa tlase ga tshireletso e e atolositsweng e e netefaditsweng. <ref name="Harrison-2023">{{Cite news|last=Harrison|first=Stephen|date=October 26, 2023|title=Wikipedia Is Covering the War in Israel and Gaza Better Than X|url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/10/wikipedia-elon-musk-gaza-hamas-israel-x-twitter-dispute.html|access-date=December 20, 2023|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|issn=1091-2339}}</ref> Bakwadi gape ba ka dira phetogo ya go boela morago mafoko a bone gangwe fela ka letsatsi go ralala ensaetlolopedia yotlhe mme ba ka thibelwa ruri go tlaleletsa dikwalo tse di amanang le yone. Melawana e e simolotswe ka 2008. <ref name="Benjakob-2020a">{{Cite news|last=Benjakob|first=Omer|date=October 4, 2020|title=The Second Intifada Still Rages on Wikipedia|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2020-10-04/ty-article/.highlight/the-second-intifada-still-rages-on-wikipedia/0000017f-e7fb-da9b-a1ff-efff2c230000|access-date=March 6, 2024|newspaper=[[Haaretz]]}}</ref> Ka Firikgong 2025, Komiti ya Katlholo e ne ya simolodisa "melawana e e lekalekanang ya go tlaleletsa dikwalo", e e tlhokang gore badirisi ba ba nang le dithibelo ba neele fela nngwetharong ya diphetolo tsa bone mo dikwalong tse di amanang le kgotlhang ya Iseraele le Palestina le fa go se na melao epe ya boitshwaro jo bo sa siamang e e robilweng. <ref name="Elia-Shalev-2025">{{Cite web |last=Elia-Shalev |first=Asaf |date=January 24, 2025 |title=Edit wars over Israel spur rare ban of 8 Wikipedia editors — from both sides |url=https://www.jta.org/2025/01/23/israel/edit-wars-over-israel-spur-rare-ban-of-8-wikipedia-editors-from-both-sides |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610091420/https://www.jta.org/2025/01/23/israel/edit-wars-over-israel-spur-rare-ban-of-8-wikipedia-editors-from-both-sides |archive-date=June 10, 2025 |access-date=May 27, 2025 |website=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]]}}</ref> === Tshekatsheko ya diphetogo === [[File:Wikipedia_editing_interface.png|thumb|tsebe ya diphetolo ya Wikipedia]] Le fa diphetogo di sa sekasekwe ka thulaganyo, sofotewere ya Wikipedia e tlamela ka didirisiwa tse di letlelelang mongwe le mongwe go sekaseka diphetogo tse di dirilweng ke ba bangwe. Tsebe ya Ditso ya lekwalo lengwe le sengwe e golagana le diphetolo dingwe le dingwe tsa yone.{{efn|Revisions with libelous content, criminal threats, or copyright infringements may be removed completely.}} Mo dikwalong ka bontsi, mongwe le mongwe o ka lebelela diphetogo tse disha mme gape a baakanya diphetolo tsa ba bangwe ka go tobetsa kgokagano e e mo tsebeng ya Ditso tsa lekwalo la teng. Badirisi ba ba kwadisitsweng ba ka nna ba tlhokometse dikwalo tse di ba kgatlhang ka go nna le "lenaneo la ditebelelo" gore ba kgone go itsisiwe ka diphetogo. "Kanoko ya ditsebe tse disha" ke thulaganyo e mo go yone dikwalo tse di sa tswang go tlhamiwa di tlholwang go bona gore a di na le mathata a a bonalang. Ka 2003, moithuti wa setlankana sa PhD sa dithuto tsa itsholelo Andrea Ciffolilli o ne a bolela gore ditshenyegelo tse di kwa tlase tsa go nna le seabe mo wiki di ne tsa dira gore go nne le tlhabololo ya tirisanommogo, le gore dikarolo tsa mofuta yoo di ne di letlelela gore go nne motlhofo go bona diphetolo tse di fetileng tsa tsebe, mme go ne go thusa ka "dikatlholo tse di agang" go na le "dikatlholo tse di senyang". <ref name="FMonday collaborative effort 1">{{Cite journal |last=Ciffolilli |first=Andrea |date=December 2003 |title=Phantom authority, self-selective recruitment and retention of members in virtual communities: The case of Wikipedia |journal=First Monday |volume=8 |issue=12 |doi=10.5210/fm.v8i12.1108 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Tshenyo === Phetogo epe e e tshosetsang go thokgama ga Wikipedia ka bomo e tsewa e le go senya. Mefuta e e tlwaelegileng thata e e bonalang ya go senya e akaretsa go oketsa ka dilo tse di fatlhang le metlae e e sa siamang; gape e ka akaretsa ipapatso le mefuta e mengwe ya spam. Ka dinako tse dingwe bakwadi ba senya dikwalo ka go tlosa diteng kgotsa go tsenya tsebe e e senang sepe gotlhelele. Mefuta e e sa tlwaelegang thata ya tshenyo, jaaka go tlaletsa dikwalo ka dikgang tse di utlwalang mme di se boammaaruri ka bomo, di ka nna dingalo thata go lemosega. Batho ba ba senyang dikwalo ba ka tsenya fomate e e sa amaneng le sepe, ba fetola motheo wa tsebe jaaka setlhogo sa tsebe kgotsa go aroganngwa ga yone ka ditlhopha, ba dirisa khoutu e e ka fa tlase ga lekwalo ka boferefere, kgotsa ba dirisa ditshwantsho ka tsela e e kgoreletsang. [[File:John_Seigenthaler_Sr._speaking.jpg|alt=White-haired elderly gentleman in suit and tie speaks at a podium.|left|thumb|Mmegadikgang wa MoAmerika John Seigenthaler (1927–2014), setlhogo sa tiragalo ya buka ya botshelo jwa ga Seigenthaler]] Tshenyo e e bonalang ka kakaretso e motlhofo go ka ntshiwa mo dikwalong tsa Wikipedia; nako ya bogare ya go e lemoga le go e baakanya ke metsotso e le mmalwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, tshenyo ye nngwe e tsaya lobaka thata go ka lemogwa le go baakanngwa. Mo tiragalong ya buka ya botshelo jwa ga Seigenthaler, mokwadi mongwe yo o neng a ipipile leina a sa itsiwe o ne a tsenya kgang ye e e seng boammaaruri mo lekwalong la botshelo jwa moeteledipele wa sepolotiki wa Amerika e bong John Seigenthaler ka Motsheganong 2005, a mo kaya mo go maaka jaaka mmelaelwa wa polao ya ga John F. Kennedy . E ne ya nna e sa baakanngwa dikgwedi di le nne. Seigenthaler, mookamedi yo o simolotseng ''USA Today'' le motlhami wa lekgotlana la kgololesego ya Lekalana la Phetolo ya Ntlha kwa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Vanderbilt, o ne a leletsa motlhami-mmogo wa Wikipedia e bong Jimmy Wales mme a mmotsa gore a o na le tsela epe ya go itse gore ke mang yo o tsentseng kgang ye e senang boammaaruri yeo. Wales o ne a re ga itse, le fa mong wa molato a ne a feleletsa a latedisiwa. <ref name="book The World is Flat 1">{{Cite book |last=Friedman |first=Thomas L. |year=2007 |title=The World is Flat |publisher=[[Farrar, Straus & Giroux]] |isbn=978-0-374-29278-2 |page=124}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Buchanan |first=Brian |date=November 17, 2006 |title=Founder shares cautionary tale of libel in cyberspace |url=https://archive.firstamendmentcenter.org/news.aspx?id=17798 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140311/https://archive.firstamendmentcenter.org/news.aspx?id=17798 |archive-date=December 21, 2012 |access-date=November 17, 2012 |publisher=[[First Amendment Center]]}}</ref> Morago ga tiragalo e, Seigenthaler o ne a tlhalosa Wikipedia e le "sedirisiwa sa patlisiso se se nang le diphoso gape se sena maikarabelo". Tiragalo e e ne ya dira gore go dirwe diphetogo tsa melawana kwa Wikipedia tsa go gagamatsa go netefadiwa ga dikwalo tse di buang ka matshelo a batho ba ba tshelang. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Helm|first=Burt|title=Wikipedia: "A Work in Progress"|url=https://www.businessweek.com/stories/2005-12-13/wikipedia-a-work-in-progress|date=December 13, 2005|access-date=July 26, 2012}}</ref> === Dikganetsano le dintwa tsa go tlaleletsa dikwalo === Bakwadi ba Wikipedia gantsi ba na le go sa dumalane mabapi le diteng, tse di ka tlotliwang mo ditsebeng tsa Puisano tsa dikwalo. Dikganetsano di ka felela ka diphetogo tse di gaisanang gangwe le gape mo dikwalong, tse di bidiwang "ntwa ya go tlaleletsa". <ref name="NBC WP editorial warzone 12">{{Cite news|last=Coldewey|first=Devin|date=June 21, 2012|title=Wikipedia is editorial warzone, says study|department=Technology|work=[[NBC News]]|url=https://sys03-public.nbcnews.com/technology/wikipedia-editorial-warzone-says-study-838793|access-date=March 26, 2021}}</ref> E bonwa ke botlhe jaaka seemo se se senyang didirisiwa mme go sena kitso epe e e mosola e e tsengwang, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kalyanasundaram |first=Arun |date=December 2015 |title=2015 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC) |last2=Wei |first2=Wei |last3=Carley |first3=Kathleen M. |last4=Herbsleb |first4=James D. |publisher=IEEE |isbn=978-1-4673-9743-8 |location=Huntington Beach, CA |pages=276–287 |chapter=An agent-based model of edit wars in Wikipedia: How and when is consensus reached |citeseerx=10.1.1.715.2758 |doi=10.1109/WSC.2015.7408171}}</ref> gape e a kgalwa ka e tsewa e dira ngwao ya gore bakwadi ba nne le kgaisano e nang le kgotlhang <ref>{{Cite book |last=Suh |first=Bongwon |date=2009 |title=Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration |last2=Convertino |first2=Gregorio |last3=Chi |first3=Ed H. |last4=Pirolli |first4=Peter |publisher=ACM Press |isbn=978-1-60558-730-1 |location=Orlando, FL |pages=1–10 |chapter=The singularity is not near |doi=10.1145/1641309.1641322 |doi-access=free}}</ref> se se amangwang le dikarolo tsa bong tsa banna tsa setso . <ref>{{Cite news|last=Torres|first=Nicole|date=June 2, 2016|title=Why Do So Few Women Edit Wikipedia?|url=https://hbr.org/2016/06/why-do-so-few-women-edit-wikipedia|access-date=August 20, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bear |first=Julia B. |last2=Collier |first2=Benjamin |date=March 2016 |title=Where are the Women in Wikipedia? Understanding the Different Psychological Experiences of Men and Women in Wikipedia |journal=Sex Roles |volume=74 |issue=5–6 |pages=254–265 |doi=10.1007/s11199-015-0573-y |s2cid=146452625}}</ref> Dipatlisiso di itebagantse thata le, sekai, go tlhoka botho ka dikganetsano, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khazraie |first=Marzieh |last2=Talebzadeh |first2=Hossein |date=February 7, 2020 |title="Wikipedia does NOT tolerate your babbling!": Impoliteness-induced conflict (resolution) in a polylogal collaborative online community of practice |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378216620300771 |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Pragmatics |volume=163 |pages=46–65 |doi=10.1016/j.pragma.2020.03.009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914115833/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378216620300771 |archive-date=September 14, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smirnov |first=Ivan |last2=Oprea |first2=Camelia |last3=Strohmaier |first3=Markus |date=December 1, 2023 |editor-last=Ognyanova |editor-first=Katherine |title=Toxic comments are associated with reduced activity of volunteer editors on Wikipedia |url=https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/doi/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad385/7457939 |url-status=live |journal=PNAS Nexus |volume=2 |issue=12 |doi=10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad385 |issn=2752-6542 |pmc=10697426 |pmid=38059265 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007101400/https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/doi/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad385/7457939 |archive-date=October 7, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024 |doi-access=free |article-number=pgad385}}</ref> tlhotlheletso ya dikampa tsa bakwadi tse di gaisanang, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lerner |first=Jürgen |last2=Lomi |first2=Alessandro |date=December 21, 2020 |title=The free encyclopedia that anyone can dispute: An analysis of the micro-structural dynamics of positive and negative relations in the production of contentious Wikipedia articles |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378873318300467 |url-status=live |journal=Social Networks |volume=60 |pages=11–25 |doi=10.1016/j.socnet.2018.12.003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126001010/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378873318300467 |archive-date=November 26, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Morris-O'Connor |first=Danielle A. |last2=Strotmann |first2=Andreas |last3=Zhao |first3=Dangzhi |date=April 4, 2023 |title=The colonization of Wikipedia: evidence from characteristic editing behaviors of warring camps |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JD-04-2022-0090/full/html |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Documentation |volume=79 |issue=3 |pages=784–810 |doi=10.1108/JD-04-2022-0090 |issn=0022-0418 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020151300/https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JD-04-2022-0090/full/html |archive-date=October 20, 2023 |access-date=November 14, 2023}}</ref> popego ya dipuisano, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ziembowicz |first=Karolina |last2=Roszczyńska-Kurasińska |first2=Magdalena |last3=Rychwalska |first3=Agnieszka |last4=Nowak |first4=Andrzej |date=October 3, 2022 |title=Predicting conflict-prone disputes using the structure of turn-taking: the case of Wikipedia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1924224 |url-status=live |journal=Information, Communication & Society |volume=25 |issue=13 |pages=1987–2005 |doi=10.1080/1369118X.2021.1924224 |issn=1369-118X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007091334/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1924224 |archive-date=October 7, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024}}</ref> le phetogo ya dikgotlhang go tlhoma mogopolo mo metsweding. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chhabra |first=Anamika |date=August 25, 2020 |title=Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Open Collaboration |last2=Kaur |first2=Rishemjit |last3=Iyengar |first3=S. R.S. |publisher=ACM |isbn=978-1-4503-8779-8 |pages=1–10 |chapter=Dynamics of Edit War Sequences in Wikipedia |doi=10.1145/3412569.3412585 |access-date=September 15, 2024 |chapter-url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3412569.3412585 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915052238/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3412569.3412585 |archive-date=September 15, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Ruprechter">{{Cite journal |last=Ruprechter |first=Thorsten |last2=Santos |first2=Tiago |last3=Helic |first3=Denis |date=September 9, 2020 |title=Relating Wikipedia article quality to edit behavior and link structure |journal=Applied Network Science |volume=5 |issue=1 |doi=10.1007/s41109-020-00305-y |issn=2364-8228 |doi-access=free |article-number=61}}</ref> Taha Yasseri wa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Oxford o ne a sekaseka dikgotlhang tsa go tlaleletsa/kwala dikwalo le go rarabololwa ga tsone mo patlisisong ya 2013. <ref name="Yasseri-2014">{{Cite book |last=Yasseri |first=Taha |author-link=Taha Yasseri |year=2014 |title=The Most Controversial Topics in Wikipedia: A Multilingual and Geographical Analysis |last2=Spoerri |first2=Anselm |last3=Graham |first3=Mark |last4=Kertész |first4=János |author-link4=János Kertész |publisher=Scarecrow Press |editor-last=Fichman, P. |doi=10.2139/SSRN.2269392 |ssrn=2269392 |editor-last2=Hara, N.}}</ref> Yasseri o ne a nganga gore go boela morago mo go bonolo fela kgotsa ditiro tsa "go dirolola" e ne e se selekanyo se se botlhokwa thata sa boitshwaro jo bo sa siamang jwa tiro kwa Wikipedia. O ne a ikaegile boemong jwa seo ka leano la "bakwadi ba le babedi ba bereka mmogo go boela ditlaleletso morago", le e leng gore mokwadi a le mongwe o tlaabo a busetsa morago go tlaleletsa ga mokwadi yo mongwe yo morago ga moo, ka tatelano, a boelang go busetsa tlaleletso ya mokwadi wa ntlha morago. Maduo a ne a tsenngwa mo lenaneong la diphetolelo di le mmalwa tsa dipuo tsa Wikipedia. Dikgotlhang tsa dipalo tse tharo tse di tona mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne e le tsa dikwalo tsa ga George W. Bush, botlhokapuso, le Muhammad . <ref name="Yasseri-2014" /> Fa go bapisiwa, mo Wikipedia ya Jeremane, dikgotlhang tsa dipalo tse tharo tse di tona ka nako ya patlisiso e ne e le tsa dikwalo tse di neng di bua ka Croatia, Scientology, le megopolo ka tiragalo ya 9/11 . <ref name="Yasseri-2014" /> Ka 2020, babatlisisi ba ne ba supa dikgato tse dingwe ka maitsholo a bakwadi, go feta go boela morago ditlaleletso ka bobedi, go supa dikgotlhang tsa go tlaleletsa dikwalo go ralala Wikipedia. <ref name="Ruprechter">{{Cite journal |last=Ruprechter |first=Thorsten |last2=Santos |first2=Tiago |last3=Helic |first3=Denis |date=September 9, 2020 |title=Relating Wikipedia article quality to edit behavior and link structure |journal=Applied Network Science |volume=5 |issue=1 |doi=10.1007/s41109-020-00305-y |issn=2364-8228 |doi-access=free |article-number=61}}</ref> Bakwadi gape ba ngangisana ka go phimolwa ga dikwalo mo Wikipedia, ka dingangisano tse di ntseng jalo di ka nna dikete di le makgolo a le matlhano fa e sa le Wikipedia e simololwa go tloga ka 2019. Fa lekwalo le sena go tlhophiwa go phimolwa, kganetsano gantsi e laolwa ke ditlhopo tsa ntlha (gore a le bolokwe kgotsa le phimolwe) le ka go umaka melawana ya tse di rileng tsa setlhogo. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mayfield |first=Elijah |last2=Black |first2=Alan W. |date=November 7, 2019 |title=Analyzing Wikipedia Deletion Debates with a Group Decision-Making Forecast Model |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3359308 |url-status=live |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction |volume=3 |issue=CSCW |pages=1–26 |doi=10.1145/3359308 |issn=2573-0142 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915025504/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3359308 |archive-date=September 15, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024}}</ref> == Melao le diteng == Wikipedia e na le mafelo a maina a a farologaneng a le lesome le bongwe mme dikwalo tsa yone di teng mo ''lefelong la maremelelo'' . Mafelo a mangwe a maina a na le ketapele pele ga setlhogo sa tsebe ya one mme a diragatsa maikaelelo a a farologaneng. Sekai, lefelo la maina a lenaneo le o a dirisa ketapele ''ya Wikipedia'' mme gape le dirisediwa dipuisano tse di amanang le go ipusa. Bontsi jwa babadi ga ba itse ka mafelo a a mangwe a maina. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=3}} Melaometheo ya morafe wa badirisi ba Wikipedia e akareditswe mo "Dipilara tse Tlhano", fa melaometheo e e tseneletseng ya go tlaleletsa dikwalo e tlhagisiwa mo melaong le dikaedi tse dintsi tse di diretsweng go bopa diteng mo go tshwanetseng. Dipilara tse tlhano tseo ke: * Wikipedia ke ensaetlolopedia * Wikipedia e kwadilwe ka tsela e e sa tseyeng letlhakore * Diteng tsa Wikipedia ke tsa mahala tse mongwe le mongwe a ka di dirisang, a di tlaleletsa, le go di anamisa * Bakwadi ba Wikipedia ba tshwanetse go tshwarana ka tlotlo le maitseo * Wikipedia ga e na melao e e kgopo Melao e e tlhamilweng ke badirisi e bolokwa mo lefelong la maina la Wikipedia, mme bakwai ba Wikipedia ba kwala le go tlhabolola melao le dikaelo tsa webosaete go ya ka tumalano ya badirisi. <ref name="pcworld who's behind WP">{{Cite web |date=February 6, 2008 |title=Who's behind Wikipedia? |url=https://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/index.php/id;1866322157;fp;2;fpid;2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209110303/https://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/index.php/id%3B1866322157%3Bfp%3B2%3Bfpid%3B2 |archive-date=February 9, 2008 |access-date=February 7, 2008 |website=PC World |page=2}}</ref> Kwa tshimologong, melao ya dikgatiso tse e seng tsa Sekgoa tsa Wikipedia e ne e beilwe mo thanolong ya melao ya Wikipedia ya Sekgoa. Fa e sa le ka nako eo e ile ya fapoga golo gongwe. === Melao ya diteng le dikaelo === Go ya ka melao ya morafe wa badirisi ba Wikipedia ya Sekgoa, lekwalo lengwe le lengwe mo Wikipedia le tshwanetse go nna le setlhogo se se maleba go nna mo [[wiktionary:encyclopedic|ensaetlolopedia]] mme e se lekwalo le le kwadilweng kana le utlwalega jaaka buka ya tlhaloso ya mafoko. Setlhogo gape se tshwanetse go fitlhelela maemo a Wikipedia a "notability", se se rayang gore setlhogo se tshwanetse gore a bo se kile sa akarediwa thata mo metsweding e e ikanyegang e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo setlhogong sa lekwalo leo. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=53–54}}Wikipedia e ikaeletse go fetisa fela kitso e e setseng e tlhomilwe gape e lemogwa ka jalo ga e a tshwanela go tlhagisa dipatlisiso tsa ntlha tsa setlhogo sa palo. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=32}}Ditlhogo tsa dipalo tse dingwe, jaaka tsa mapolotiki le barutegi, di na le melwana e e kgethegileng. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=53–54}}La bofelo, Wikipedia e tshwanetse go supa karolo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore. Se se fitlhelelwa ka go soboka metswedi e e ikanyegang, go dirisa puo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore, le go tlhomamisa gore go tlhagisiwa dintlha tse dintsintsi go ikaegile ka gore di tlhagelela go le kana kang. Dikgang/kitso gape e tshwanetse gore a bo e ka netefadiwa. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=5–7}}Lekwalo le le senang dinopolo le ka nna la tshwaiwa kgotsa la phimolwa gotlhelele. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=33}}Se ka dinako tse dingwe se ka dira gore go phimolwe lekwalo(tshedimosetso) , le fa e le boammaaruri, e le gore ga e na metswedi sentle. <ref name="IHT WP valid info wrong removable 1">{{Cite news|last=Cohen|first=Noam|author-link=Noam Cohen|date=August 9, 2011|title=For inclusive mission, Wikipedia is told that written word goes only so far|page=18|newspaper=[[International Herald Tribune]]}}</ref> Jaaka fa melao ya Wikipedia e ntse e fetoga mo tsamaong ya nako, gape e nna dingalo, palo ya yone e ile ya gola. Ka 2008, go ne go na le ditsebe tsa melao di le masome a mane le bone le ditsebe tsa dikaelo di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a le mane le boferabobedi (248); ka 2013, barutegi ba ne ba bala ditsebe tsa melao di le makgolo a le mararo le masome a le boferabobedi le boraro (383) le ditsebe tsa dikaelo di le makgolo a le mane le masome a le mane le boferabongwe (449). <ref name="Ren-2024">{{Cite journal |last=Ren |first=Yuqing |last2=Zhang |first2=Haifeng |last3=Kraut |first3=Robert E. |date=February 29, 2024 |title=How Did They Build the Free Encyclopedia? A Literature Review of Collaboration and Coordination among Wikipedia Editors |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3617369 |url-status=live |journal=ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=1–48 |doi=10.1145/3617369 |issn=1073-0516 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912194101/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3617369 |archive-date=September 12, 2024 |access-date=September 12, 2024}}</ref> mnfqnvdf9gnsgsd4y78n6ji7vm3ltp9 52388 52383 2026-07-13T02:57:32Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | name = Wikipedia | logo = [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-tn.svg|250px]] | logo_caption = Sekano sa [[Wikipedia]] | screenshot = Wikipedia Portal Screenshot (2022).svg{{!}}border | screenshot_alt = Wikipedia portal showing the different languages sorted by article count | collapsible = yes | caption = Tebego ya tsebe ya konokono ya Wikipedia ka komputara | type = [[Maranyane a encyclopedia]] | language_count = {{NUMBEROF|languages|Wikipedia}} | country_of_origin = United States | owner = {{Unbulleted list|[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|}} | authors = {{Unbulleted list|[[Jimmy Wales]]|[[Larry Sanger]]}} | url = {{URL|https://www.wikipedia.org/|wikipedia.org}} | commercial = Nyaa | registration = Wa ithopela | num_users = [[List of Wikipedias#Statistics totals|>{{formatnum:{{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|ACTIVEUSERS|totalactive.wikipedia}}}}}}]] active editors<ref> To be considered [[Special:ActiveUsers|active]], a user must make at least one edit or other action in a given month.</ref><br />[[list of Wikipedias#Statistics totals|>{{formatnum:{{#expr:{{NUMBEROF|USERS|totalactive.wikipedia}}}}}}]] registered users | launch_date = {{Start date and age|mf=yes|p=yes|br=yes|2001|1|15}} | current_status = Active | content_license = {{Nowrap|[[Creative Commons license|CC Attribution / Share-Alike]] 3.0}}<br />Most text is also dual-licensed under [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]]; media licensing varies | programming_language = [[LAMP (software bundle)|LAMP]] platform<ref name="roadchap">{{cite web |url=https://rogchap.com/2011/09/06/top-40-website-programming-languages/ |title= Top 40 Website Programming Languages |website= rogchap.com |author= Chapman, Roger |date= September 6, 2011 |access-date= September 6, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922015103/https://rogchap.com/2011/09/06/top-40-website-programming-languages/ |archive-date= September 22, 2013}}</ref> | oclc = 52075003 }} '''Wikipedia''' ke [[Ensaetlolopedia|ensatlolopedia]] ya mahala. E botlhokwa tota go dirisediwa go ka tlaleletsa dithuto. E fitlhelelwa ke mongwe le mongwe. Motho o ka dirisa mogala wa letheka kgotsa mafaratlhatlha a inthanete (internet) go ka batla kitso ka sengwe. ==Metswedi== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Wikipedia]] == Ditso == Go ne ga lekeletswa diensaetlolopedia tse di farologaneng tsa tirisanommogo tsa mo mafaratlhatlheng (inthanete) pele ga go simololwa ga Wikipedia, mme tsotlhe tsa atlega fela e seng mo go kalo kalo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Garber |first=Megan |date=October 12, 2011 |title=The contribution conundrum: Why did Wikipedia succeed while other encyclopedias failed? |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2011/10/the-contribution-conundrum-why-did-wikipedia-succeed-while-other-encyclopedias-failed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114540/https://www.niemanlab.org/2011/10/the-contribution-conundrum-why-did-wikipedia-succeed-while-other-encyclopedias-failed/ |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=June 5, 2016 |website=Nieman Lab}}</ref> Wikipedia e simolotse e le lenaneo le le tlaleletsang Nupedia, e leng thulaganyo ya mahala ya mafaratlhatlha a inthanete ya ensaetlolopedia ya puo ya Sekgoa e makwalo a yone a neng a kwalwa ke baitseanape le go sekasekwa ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo e e tlhomameng. <ref name="KockJungSyn2016">{{Cite journal |last=Kock |first=Ned |author-link=Ned Kock |last2=Jung |first2=Yusun |last3=Syn |first3=Thant |date=2016 |title=Wikipedia and e-Collaboration Research: Opportunities and Challenges |url=https://cits.tamiu.edu/kock/pubs/journals/2016JournalIJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration/Kock_etal_2016_IJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[International Journal of e-Collaboration]] |publisher=IGI Global |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.4018/IJeC.2016040101 |issn=1548-3681 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927001627/https://cits.tamiu.edu/kock/pubs/journals/2016JournalIJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration/Kock_etal_2016_IJeC_WikipediaEcollaboration.pdf |archive-date=September 27, 2016}}</ref> E tlhomilwe ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a le boferabongwe, ngwaga wa 2000, e le ya Bomis, e leng kompone ya web portal . Batho ba bagolo ba yone e ne e le Mookamedi-mogolo wa Bomis e bong Jimmy Wales le Larry Sanger, morulaganyi-mogolo wa Nupedia mme moragonyana wa Wikipedia. Nupedia e neilwe teseletso lantlha ka fa tlase ga teseletso ya yone ya Diteng tse di Buletsweng tsa Nupedia. Pele ga Wikipedia e tlhongwa, Nupedia e ne ya fetogela kwa Teseletso ya Dikwalo ya Mahala ya GNU se se rotloediwa ke Richard Stallman . Gantsi Wales o fiwa tlotla gore o ne a kgona go tlhalosa ka botlalo maikano a go dira ensaetlolopedia e makwalo a yone a kgonang go kwalwa le go baakangwa ke setshaba , fa Sanger ene a bokelwa go tswa ka leano la go dirisa wiki go fitlhelela maikano ao. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-15 |title=Tech Rewind: How Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia came to be |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/health-and-fitness/article/tech-rewind--how-wikipedia--the-free-encyclopedia-came-to-be-15915177 |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome, ngwaga wa 2001, Sanger o ne a ntsha mogopolo mo dithomelong tsa Nupedia go tlhama wiki gore e bereke go "thusa" lenaneo la Nupedia. <ref name="nupedia feeder from WP 1" group="W">{{Cite news|last=Sanger|first=Larry|date=January 10, 2001|title=Let's Make a Wiki|url=https://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html|access-date=December 26, 2008|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> === Tshimololo le kgolo === Wikipedia e simolodisitswe ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2001, (ka dinako tse dingwe le bidiwa "Letsatsi la Wikipedia"), {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=7}} e le kgatiso e le nngwe ya puo ya Sekgoa e e nang le leina la kgolagano ya ''www.wikipedia.com'', mme le ne la bolelwa ke Sanger mo dithomelong tsa Nupedia. Leina le, le le duleng ka Sanger go thibela tshenyo epe e e ka nnang teng mo leineng la Nupedia, <ref>{{Cite news|last=Larry Sanger|author-link=Larry Sanger|date=11 January 2001|title=Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...|publisher=Nupedia mailing list|url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000680.html}}</ref> le simolotse mo motswakong wa mafoko ''wiki'' le ''encyclopedia'' . Wales o boletse gore kgopolo ya Wikipedia e ne ya tlhotlhelediwa ke dikgopolo tsa thulaganyo e e sa rulaganngwang e e neng e amana le Friedrich Hayek le [[Austrian School|Sekolo sa tsa itsholelo sa kwa Austria]] morago ga gore moitseanape wa tsa itsholelo yo o ratang kgololesego e bong Mark Thornton a supe megopolo ye . <ref>{{Cite news|date=2009-04-15|title=Wikipedia's Model Follows Hayek - WSJ|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123976347774119699}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mangu-Ward |first=Katherine |date=2007-05-30 |title=Wikipedia and Beyond |url=https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725210204/https://reason.com/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond/ |archive-date=July 25, 2021 |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Reason.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Segolobogolo, Wales o ne ya tlhotlhelediwa ke polelo ya ga Hayek ya Tiriso ya Kitso mo Setšhabeng e e neng e bolela gore e ne e le "konokono" mo mogopolong wa gagwe ka ga "kafa a ka laolang lenaneo la Wikipedia ka teng". <ref name=":0" /> Molao wa tsamaiso ya yone o o botlhokwa wa " pono e e sa tseyeng letlhakore " o ne wa simolola mo ngwageng wa yone wa ntlha . {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=29}}Mme fela, go ne go na le melao e mmalwa, mme e ne e bereka e sa laolwe ke Nupedia. Bomis kwa tshimologong e ne e ikaeletse gore e nne kgwebo e e dirang dipoelo. <ref name="Seth-Finkelstein">{{Cite news|date=September 25, 2008|title=Read me first: Wikipedia isn't about human potential, whatever Wales says|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/sep/25/wikipedia.internet|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> Wikipedia e ne ya bona bakwadi/batlatsi ba ntlha go tswa mo Nupedia, dipego tsa ''Slashdot'', le go dira dikgolagano tsa enjene ya patlo ya webo. Dikgatiso tsa puo di ne tsa tlhamiwa go simolola ka Mopitlo 2001, mme palo yotlhe ya tse di ne di dirisiwang di le lekgolo le masome a le marataro le bongwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2004. Nupedia le Wikipedia di ne tsa nna mmogo go fitlhela disefara tsa Nupedia di emisetswa ruri ka 2003, mme dikwalo tsa yone di ne tsa tsenngwa mo Wikipedia. Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e fetile letshwao la dikwalo tse di didikadike di le pedi (2 million) ka Lwetse a le malatsi a le boferabongwe, ngwaga wa 2007, mme se se ne sa e dira gore e nne ensaetlolopedia e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe tse di kileng tsa kokoanngwa, e feta ''Ensaetlolopedia ya Yongle'' e e neng ya dirwa kwa China ka nako ya puso ya ga Ming ka 1408, e e neng e tshwere rekoto ya teng dingwaga di ka nna makgolo a le marataro. Ka ntlha ya go tshaba papatso ya dikgwebo le go tlhoka taolo, badirisi ba Wikipedia ya Sepanishe ba ne ba tswa mo Wikipedia go tlhama {{Lang|es|[[Enciclopedia Libre]]}} ka Tlhakole 2002. <ref name="EL fears and start 1" group="W">{{Cite web |title=[long] Enciclopedia Libre: msg#00008 |url=https://osdir.com/ml/science.linguistics.wikipedia.international/2003-03/msg00008.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006065927/https://osdir.com/ml/science.linguistics.wikipedia.international/2003-03/msg00008.html |archive-date=October 6, 2008 |access-date=December 26, 2008 |website=Osdir}}</ref> Morago ga moo Wales o ne a ntsha kitsiso ya gore Wikipedia ga e kitla e bontsha dikgang tsa ipapatso mme ya fetola kgolagano ya dikhomphiutha go tswa go ''wikipedia.com'' go ya go ''wikipedia.org'' . <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Vibber |first=Brion |date=August 16, 2002 |title=Brion VIBBER at pobox.com |url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-August/003982.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620071550/https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-August/003982.html |archive-date=June 20, 2014 |access-date=December 8, 2020 |website=[[Wikimedia]]}}</ref> Morago ga paka ya ntlha ya kgolo e e kwa godimo, <ref name="wikisym slowing growth 1" /> go lebega selekanyo sa kgolo ya Wikipedia ya Sekgoa go ya ka dipalo tsa dikwalo tse disha le tsa bakwadi e ne ya tsholetsega thata go bapa le ngwaga wa 2007 o simolola. <ref name="guardian WP user peak 1">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia approaches its limits|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/aug/12/wikipedia-deletionist-inclusionist|access-date=March 31, 2010}}</ref> Kgatiso e e ne ya fitlhelela dikwalo di le didikadike di le tharo ka Phatwe 2009. Dikwalo di ka nna sekete le makgolo a le boferabobedi di ne di tsenngwa mo ensaetlolopedia ye ka letsatsi ka ngwaga wa 2006; ka 2013 palogare eo e ne e tsamaela makgolo a le boferabobedi. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Wikipedia)) |author-link=Special:History/Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia extended growth |title=Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia extended growth |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Modelling_Wikipedia_extended_growth |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826234512/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Modelling_Wikipedia%27s_growth |archive-date=August 26, 2011 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Setlhopha kwa Lekalaneng la Dipatlisiso la Palo Alto se ne sa amanya go fokotsega mo ga kgolo le "go oketsega ga kgokagano le ditshenyegelo tse di kwa godimo, go se akarediwe batho ba basha mo lenaneong, le go gana diphetogo tse disha". Ba bangwe ba ne ba akantsha gore kgolo e ne ya fokotsega ka gonne dikwalo tse di ka bidiwang " [[wiktionary:low-hanging fruit|tse di motlhofo thata]] "— tsa ditlhogo tse di tshwanelwang ke go nna dikwalo—di ne di setse di tlhamilwe le go agiwa thata. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Cohen|author-link=Noam Cohen|title=Wikipedia&nbsp;– Exploring Fact City|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/29/weekinreview/29cohen.html}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele 2009, mmatlisisi mongwe kwa Sekolong sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Rey Juan Carlos kwa Madrid, kwa Spain, o ne a fitlhela gore Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne e latlhegetswe ke bakwadi/batlatsi ba le dikete di le masome a mane le boferabongwe mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse tharo tsa 2009; fa e bapisiwa, e ne e latlhegetswe ke bakwadi ba le dikete di le nne le makgolo a le boferabongwe fela mo pakeng e e tshwanang ka 2008. <ref name="guardian editors leaving 1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/nov/26/wikipedia-losing-disgruntled-editors|title=Wikipedia falling victim to a war of words|work=The Guardian|location=London|first=Jenny|last=Kleeman|date=November 26, 2009|access-date=December 13, 2016}}</ref> ''Pego ya The Wall Street'' e ne ya umaka melao e e farologaneng e e dirisiwang mo go direng dikwalo le dikganetsano tse di amanang le diteng tsa one gareng ga mabaka a a dirang gore go nne le tlwaelo ya kgang ye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fowler |first=Geoffrey A. |last2=Angwin |first2=Julia |date=November 27, 2009 |title=Volunteers Log Off as Wikipedia Ages |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125893981183759969 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204041034/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125893981183759969 |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> Wales o ne a ganetsa dikgang tse ka 2009, a ganela dikgang tsa phokotsego le go belaela mokgwa wa patlisiso eo. <ref name="telegraph Wales WP not losing editors 1">{{Cite news|last=Barnett|first=Emma|date=November 26, 2009|title=Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales denies site is 'losing' thousands of volunteer editors|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/6660646/Wikipedias-Jimmy-Wales-denies-site-is-losing-thousands-of-volunteer-editors.html|access-date=March 31, 2010}}</ref> Morago ga dingwaga di le pedi, ka 2011, o ne a amogela gore go nnile le phokotsego e nnye, a lemoga phokotsego go tswa go "bakwadi ba ba fetang dikete di le masome a mararo le borataro go le sekae" ka Seetebosigo 2010 go ya go ba le dikete di le masome a mararo le botlhano le makgolo a le boferabobedi ka Seetebosigo 2011. Mo go yone potsolotso eo, o ne a bolela gape gore palo ya bakwadi e ne e "tlhomame e bile e tswelelela pele". <ref name="wiki-women">{{Cite news|last=Rawlinson|first=Kevin|date=August 8, 2011|title=Wikipedia seeks women to balance its 'geeky' editors|newspaper=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/wikipedia-seeks-women-to-balance-its-geeky-editors-2333605.html|access-date=April 5, 2012}}</ref> Setlhogo sa lekwalo la 2013 la ''MIT Technology Review'', "Go wela tlase ga Wikipedia", se ne sa belaela polelo e, sa bega gore fa e sale ka 2007 Wikipedia e ne e latlhegetswe ke nngwetharong ya bakwadi ba yone ba ba ithaopileng, mme sa akantsha gore ba ba setseng ba ne ba tlhomile mogopolo thata mo dintlheng tse dinnye. <ref name="Simonite-2013">{{Cite journal |last=Simonite |first=Tom |date=October 22, 2013 |title=The Decline of Wikipedia |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ |url-status=live |journal=[[MIT Technology Review]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731083716/https://www.technologyreview.com/2013/10/22/175674/the-decline-of-wikipedia/ |archive-date=July 31, 2022 |access-date=November 30, 2013}}</ref> Ka Phukwi 2012, ''The Atlantic'' e ne ya bega gore palo ya batsamaisi le yone e ne e fokotsega. <ref name="Meyer-2012">{{Cite news|last=Meyer|first=Robinson|date=July 16, 2012|title=3 Charts That Show How Wikipedia Is Running Out of Admins|work=The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/07/3-charts-that-show-how-wikipedia-is-running-out-of-admins/259829|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatseele 2013, bukana ya ditshwantsho ya ''New York'' e ne ya bolela jaana, "Wikipedia, webosaete ya borataro e e dirisiwang thata, e lebagane le mathata a tsamaiso ya one." Palo ya bakwadi ba esaentlolopedia ya Sekgoa ba ba e dirisang gangwe le gape fa e sa le ka nako eo e ntse e tlhomame morago ga nako e telele ya go wela tlase. <ref>{{Cite news|last=F.|first=G.|date=May 5, 2013|title=Who really runs Wikipedia?|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2013/05/05/who-really-runs-wikipedia|access-date=November 26, 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mandiberg |first=Michael |date=February 23, 2020 |title=Mapping Wikipedia |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/02/where-wikipedias-editors-are-where-they-arent-and-why/605023/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115131524/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/02/where-wikipedias-editors-are-where-they-arent-and-why/605023 |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |access-date=November 26, 2021 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi, ngwaga wa 2014, Subodh Varma yo o neng a begela ''The Economic Times'' o ne a supa gore ga se fela gore kgolo ya Wikipedia e ne e eme, e ne e "latlhegetswe ke palo ya dipono tsa dikwalo di ka nna lesome mo lekgolong ngogola. Go nnile le phokotsego ye e ka nnang dikadikadike di le dikete tse pedi (2 billion) fa gare ga Sedimonthole 2012 le Sedimonthole 2013. Diphetolelo tsa yone tse di ratiwang thata ke tsone tse di eteletseng pele mo tsebeng: dipono tsa dikwalo tsa Wikipedia ya Sekgoa di fokotsegile ka lesome le bobedi mo lekgolong (12%), tsa mofuta wa Sejeremane di fokotsegile ka lesome le bosupa mo lekgolong (17%) mme tsa mofuta wa Sejapane di fokotsegile ka boferabongwe mo lekgolong (9%)." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{Cite news|last=Varma|first=Subodh|date=January 20, 2014|title=Google eating into Wikipedia page views?|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/29094246.cms|access-date=February 10, 2014}}</ref> Varma o ne a tlatsa a re, "Le fa baokamedi ba Wikipedia ba akanya gore se se ka tswa se bakilwe ke diphoso tsa go tsaa dipalo, baitseanape ba bangwe ba akanya gore lenaneo la Google la Knowledge Graphs le le simolotsweng ngogola le ka tswa le ne le tsaya badirisi ba Wikipedia." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com" /> Fa go ikgolagangwa le ene, Clay Shirky, morutintshi-mmogo kwa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa New York le modiri ka ene kwa Lekalana la Setšhaba le mafaratlhatlha a Inthanete la Berkman Klein la Harvard o ne a bolela gore o belaela gore bontsi jwa go fokotsega ga go lebelewa ga ditsebe go bakilwe ke Dikerafo tsa Kitso, a bolela jaana, "Fa o ka kgona go bona karabo ya potso ya gago mo tsebeng ya patlo, ga o tlhoke go [tobetsa] go ya pele." <ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com" /> Kwa bokhutlong jwa Sedimonthole 2016, Wikipedia e ne ya fiwa maemo a botlhano mo webosaeteng e e itseweng thata mo lefatsheng lotlhe ka bophara. <ref name="Alexa">{{Cite web |title=Alexa Top 500 Global Sites |url=https://www.alexa.com/topsites |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203120227/https://www.alexa.com/topsites |archive-date=February 3, 2021 |access-date=December 28, 2016 |website=[[Alexa Internet]]}}</ref> Go ema ka Firikgong 2023, go setse go nopotswe dikwalo di le dikete di le masome a matlhano le botlhano le makgolo a le bosupa le masome a le boferabongwe le bongwe (55 791) tsa Wikipedia ya Sekgoa makgetho a le dikete di le masome a le boferabongwe le bobedi le makgolo a le mararo (92 300 ) mo dibukaneng tsa barutegi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Citations of Wikipedia as an Online Resource |url=https://exaly.com/online-resource/146983/en.wikipedia.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104134042/https://exaly.com/online-resource/146983/en.wikipedia.org |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |access-date=November 4, 2022 |publisher=exaly}}</ref> tse go tswa mo go tsone tiriso ya dikitso tsa dikhomphiutha e neng e le tsebe e e nopotsweng thata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Citations of Cloud Computing |url=https://exaly.com/online-document/8348259/articles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104134042/https://exaly.com/online-document/8348259/articles/ |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |access-date=November 4, 2022 |publisher=exaly}}</ref> === Dithulaganyo tse di berekang le yone === Wikipedia e tlhamile mananeo a le mmalwa a a berekang le ensaetlolopedia, tse gape e leng diwiki tse di tsamaisiwang ke [[Wikimedia Foundation|Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia]] . [[Wikimedia Foundation|Mananeo a mangwe a Wikimedia]] a a akaretsa Wiktionary, lenaneo la bukana ya ithunthuntso mafoko e e neng ya simololwa ka Sedimonthole 2002, Wikiquote, kokoanyo ya dinopolo tse di tlhamilweng beke morago ga gore Wikimedia e simololwe, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Woods |first=Dan |year=2007 |title=Wikis for dummies |last2=Theony |first2=Peter |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn=978-1-118-05066-8 |edition=1st |location=Hoboken, NJ |page=58 |chapter=3: The Thousand Problem-Solving Faces of Wikis |oclc=1300481129 |ol=5741003W}}</ref> Wikibooks, kokoanyo ya dibukathuto tsa mahala tse di kwadilweng ka tirisanommogo, <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Meta-Wiki)) |author-link=m:Special:History/Talk:Science Hypertextbook project |title=Talk:Science Hypertextbook project |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=153077 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319183224/http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=153077 |archive-date=March 19, 2023 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki}}</ref> [[Wikimedia Commons]] . e e neng e diretswe metswedi ya dikgang ya kitso e e gololesegileng, Wikinews, ya bobegadikgang jo bo dirisanang mmogo, le Wikiversity, lenaneo la go tlhama didirisiwa tsa go ithuta tsa mahala le go tlamela ka ditiro tsa go ithuta ka inthanete. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=((Editors of Wikiversity)) |author-link=v:Special:History/Wikiversity:History of Wikiversity |title=Wikiversity:History of Wikiversity |url=https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:History_of_Wikiversity |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724204635/https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:History_of_Wikiversity |archive-date=July 24, 2015 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Wikiversity |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> Lenaneo le lengwe la Wikipedia, Wikispecies, le nankolola mefuta ya ditshedi tsotlhe, mme ga e a bulegela go ka tlaletswa ke setšhaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=February 18, 2005 |title=NET News: Calling All Taxonomists |journal=Science |volume=307 |issue=5712 |page=1021 |doi=10.1126/science.307.5712.1021a |s2cid=220095354 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ka 2012, Wikivoyage, e leng kaedi ya mesepele e e ka tlaleletswang, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Luyt |first=Brendan |date=January 1, 2020 |title=A new kind of travel guide or more of the same? Wikivoyage and Cambodia |journal=Online Information Review |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=356–371 |doi=10.1108/OIR-03-2020-0104}}</ref> le Wikidata, e leng motheo wa kitso o o ka tlaleletswang le one, di ne tsa simololwa. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Matthew |date=March 30, 2012 |title=The Wikipedia data revolution |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2012/03/30/the-wikipedia-data-revolution/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114634/https://diff.wikimedia.org/2012/03/30/the-wikipedia-data-revolution/ |archive-date=February 10, 2023 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |website=Diff |publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]}}</ref> === Diphitlhelelo === [[File:List_of_Wikipedia_articles_by_language_-_March_2024.svg|thumb|[[Cartogram]] showing number of articles in the top 88 Wikipedias ({{as of|2024|3|lc=y|post=).}} The size of the circles for Wikipedias that have less than a million articles is fixed and not proportional to the size of the Wikipedia. The smallest Wikipedia that made the cutoff is the [[Haitian Creole]] Wikipedia with 69K articles.{{efn|As of April 2026, the [[Haitian Creole]] Wikipedia, with 72K articles, is in 91st place when ranked by number of articles.}}<br /> The languages are roughly grouped by region: <br />{{hlist|{{legend0|#4C0099|[[Northern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CC0000|[[Southern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CCCC00|[[Eastern Europe]]}}|{{legend0|#CC6600|[[Middle East]]}}|{{legend0|#4C9900|[[East Asia]]}}|{{legend0|#00CDFF|[[Indian subcontinent]]}}|{{legend0|#660000|[[Sub-Saharan Africa]]}}|{{legend0|#808080|[[Central Asia]]}}|{{legend0|#6600CC|[[Caribbean]]}}}} ]] Ka Firikgong 2007, Wikipedia e ne ya nna nngwe ya diwebosaete tse di lesome tse di tumileng thata kwa Amerika, go ya ka Comscore Networks. <ref name="Comscore-2007">{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2007 |title=New Year's Resolutions Reflected in January U.S. Web Traffic |url=https://ir.comscore.com/static-files/45b068e1-1cee-412a-b48f-21ec34e7b59d |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819190445/https://ir.comscore.com/static-files/45b068e1-1cee-412a-b48f-21ec34e7b59d |archive-date=August 19, 2021 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[Comscore]] |page=3 |format=PDF}}</ref> Ka badirisi ba yone ba ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le masome a mane le bobedi le dikete di le makgolo a le boferabongwe (42.9), e ne ya nna mo maemong a boferabongwe, e feta ''The New York Times'' (maemo a lesome) le Apple (maemo a lesome le bongwe). <ref name="Comscore-2007" /> Se se ne sa tshwaya koketsego e e bonalang go feta Firikgong 2006, fa Wikipedia e ne e le mo maemong a bomasome a le mararo le boraro, ka badirisi ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le lesome le boferabobedi le dikete di le makgolo a le mararo ka (18.3 million). Ka 2014, e ne ya amogela dipono tsa ditsebe di le didikadike di le dikete tse di boferabobedi (8 billion) kgwedi le kgwedi. <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report&nbsp;– Wikipedia Page Views Per Country |url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020212633/http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOverview.htm |archive-date=October 20, 2011 |access-date=March 8, 2015 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Ka Tlhakole a le malatsi ae boferabongwe, 2014, ''The New York Times'' e ne ya bega gore Wikipedia e ne e na le &nbsp;dipono tsa ditsebe di le dikadikadike di le dikete tse dilesome le boferabobedi (18 billion) le badirisi ba ba kgethegileng ba le didikadike di le makgolo a le matlhano (500 million) ka kgwedi, "go ya ka ditekanyetso tsa comScore". <ref name="small screen">{{Cite news|last=Cohen|first=Noam|author-link=Noam Cohen|date=February 9, 2014|title=Wikipedia vs. the Small Screen|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/10/technology/wikipedia-vs-the-small-screen.html?_r=0|access-date=January 22, 2023}}</ref> Go ema ka Mopitlo 2023, e ne le mo maemong a borataro ka go tuma go ya kaSimilarweb.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Similarweb |title=Top Websites Ranking – Most Visited Websites In The World |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210041116/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |archive-date=February 10, 2022 |access-date=March 4, 2023 |website=[[Similarweb]]}}</ref> Jeff Loveland le Joseph Reagle ba nganga gore, mo tsamaisong, Wikipedia e latela mokgwa wa tsela e e telele wa diensaetlolopedia tsa ditso tse di kokoantseng ditokafatso ka bonya ka bonya ka " go kokoanya ga stigmergy ". <ref name="sagepub WP and encyclopedic production 1">{{Cite journal |last=Loveland |first=Jeff |last2=Reagle |first2=Joseph |date=January 15, 2013 |title=Wikipedia and encyclopedic production |journal=New Media & Society |volume=15 |issue=8 |page=1294 |doi=10.1177/1461444812470428 |issn=1461-4448 |s2cid=27886998}}</ref> <ref name="theatlantic WP actually a reversion 1">{{Cite web |last=Rosen |first=Rebecca J. |date=January 30, 2013 |title=What If the Great Wikipedia 'Revolution' Was Actually a Reversion? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/what-if-the-great-wikipedia-revolution-was-actually-a-reversion/272697 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229051117/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/01/what-if-the-great-wikipedia-revolution-was-actually-a-reversion/272697/ |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |access-date=February 9, 2013 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le lesome le boferabobedi, ngwaga wa 2012, Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne ya nna le seabe mo motseletseleng wa ditshupetso tse di rulagantsweng kgatlhanong le melao e mebedi e e neng e tshitshintswe kwa Lekgotlaneng la United States — Molao wa go Emisa go Utswa bodiratsi/dikwalo mo mafaratlhatlheng (SOPA) le Molao wa PROTECT IP (PIPA)—ka go fifatsa ditsebe tsa yone dioura di le masome a mabedi le bone . <ref name="LA Times Jan 19">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia: SOPA protest led eight million to look up reps in Congress|url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2012/01/wikipedia-sopa-blackout-congressional-representatives.html|access-date=March 6, 2012}}</ref> Batho ba feta didikadike di le lekgolo le le lengwe le masome a mabedi ba bone tsebe e e neng e tlhalosa go fifafatsa moo e e neng e tsere maemo a diteng tsa ensaetlolopedia nakwana e e seng ya sennela ruri. <ref name="BBC WP blackout protest 1">{{Cite news|title=Wikipedia joins blackout protest at US anti-piracy moves|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-16590585|access-date=January 19, 2012}}</ref> <ref group="W">{{Cite web |title=SOPA/Blackoutpage |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/SOPA/Blackoutpage |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622185443/https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/SOPA/Blackoutpage |archive-date=June 22, 2018 |access-date=January 19, 2012 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Ka Firikgong 2013, 274301 Wikipedia, e leng asteroid, e ne ya bidiwa ka Wikipedia; <ref>{{Cite news|last=Workman|first=Robert|date=January 5, 2013|title=Asteroid Re-Named 'Wikipedia'|work=[[Space.com]]|url=https://www.space.com/19643-asteroid-named-wikipedia.html|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> ka Phalane 2014, Wikipedia e ne ya tlotlomatswa ka ''Sefikantswe sa Wikipedia'' ; <ref>{{Cite news|last=Katz|first=Leslie|date=October 27, 2014|title=A Wikipedia monument? It's true (we're pretty sure)|work=[[CNET]]|url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/a-wikipedia-monument-its-true-were-pretty-sure/|access-date=January 23, 2023}}</ref> mme, ka Phukwi 2015, ditshutiso tsa Wikipedia di le lekgolo le le lengwe le borataro (106) mo go tse di dikete di le bosupa le makgolo a le mane le masome a le bosupa le boraro (7 473) tse di nang le ditsebe di le makgolo a le masupa 700 di ne tsa nna teng e le Wikipedia e e Gatisitsweng . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sawers |first=Paul |date=June 18, 2015 |title=You can soon buy a 7,471-volume printed version of Wikipedia for $500,000 |url=https://venturebeat.com/business/you-can-soon-buy-a-7471-volume-printed-version-of-wikipedia-for-500000/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017154940/https://venturebeat.com/business/you-can-soon-buy-a-7471-volume-printed-version-of-wikipedia-for-500000/ |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |access-date=January 24, 2023 |website=VentureBeat}}</ref> Ka Moranang 2019, sefofane sa Iseraele se se fologang mo ngweding, Beresheet, se ne sa wela mo godimo ga [[Ngwedi]] se tshotse dikhophi tsa dikwalo tsa Wikipedia ya sekgoa tsotlhe di gateletswe mo dipoleiting tse ditshesane tsa nikele; baitseanape ba re go ka direga gore dipoleiti tse di ne tsa seka tsa amega fa tiragalo e ya go wa ga sefofane e diragala. <ref name="WRD-20190805">{{Cite news|last=Oberhaus|first=Daniel|date=August 5, 2019|title=A Crashed Israeli Lunar Lander Spilled Tardigrades On The Moon|work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|url=https://www.wired.com/story/a-crashed-israeli-lunar-lander-spilled-tardigrades-on-the-moon/|access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="VOX-20190806">{{Cite news|last=Resnick|first=Brian|title=Tardigrades, the toughest animals on Earth, have crash-landed on the moon&nbsp;– The tardigrade conquest of the solar system has begun.|url=https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/8/6/20756844/tardigrade-moon-beresheet-arch-mission|date=August 6, 2019|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref> Ka Seetebosigo 2019, baitseanape ba maranyane ba ne ba bega gore 16 GB otlhe wa dikwalo tse di tswang mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa o tsentswe mo DNA ya maitirelo . <ref name="CNET-20190629">{{Cite news|last=Shankland|first=Stephen|date=June 29, 2019|title=Startup packs all 16&nbsp;GB of Wikipedia onto DNA strands to demonstrate new storage tech&nbsp;– Biological molecules will last a lot longer than the latest computer storage technology, Catalog believes.|work=[[CNET]]|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/startup-packs-all-16gb-wikipedia-onto-dna-strands-demonstrate-new-storage-tech/|access-date=August 15, 2023}}</ref> Ka Firikgong a le lesome le boferabobedi, 2023, Wikipedia e ne ya simolodisa webosaete e ntšha e e baakantsweng , e e bidiwang " Vector 2022 ". <ref name="Pearl-2023">{{Cite web |last=Pearl |first=Mike |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Yes, Wikipedia looks weird. Don't freak out. |url=https://mashable.com/article/new-wikipedia-redesign |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120012235/https://mashable.com/article/new-wikipedia-redesign |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=[[Mashable]]}}</ref> <ref name="Tech Desk-2023">{{Cite web |last=Tech Desk |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Wikipedia gets a facelift after 10 years: A look at new interface and features |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/wikipedia-gets-a-facelift-after-10-years-a-look-at-new-interface-and-features/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119054103/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/wikipedia-gets-a-facelift-after-10-years-a-look-at-new-interface-and-features/ |archive-date=January 19, 2023 |access-date=January 22, 2023 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> E ne e na le tsebe ya lenaneo e e tlhamilweng sesha, e sutisetsa tafole ya diteng kafa molemeng go e dira baara e e kafa thoko, le diphetogo di le dintsi fa go tobediwang teng go tlhopha tse o batlang go di dirisa jaaka sedirisiwa sa go tlhopha puo. <ref name="Tech Desk-2023" /> <ref group="W">{{Cite news|date=January 18, 2023|title=Wikipedia Gets a Fresh New Look: First Desktop Update in a Decade Puts Usability at the Forefront|work=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/01/18/wikipedia-gets-a-fresh-new-look-first-desktop-update-in-a-decade-puts-usability-at-the-forefront/|access-date=January 22, 2023}}</ref> Ntšhafatso e e ne ya amogela tsibogo e e sa siamang kwa tshimologong, segolobogolo fa bakwadi botlhe ba Wikipedia ya Seswahili ba ne ba tlhopha go busetsa diphetogo morago. <ref name="Pearl-2023" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rauwerda |first=Annie |date=January 18, 2023 |title=Wikipedia's Redesign Is Barely Noticeable. That's the Point. |url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120005241/https://slate.com/technology/2023/01/wikipedia-redesign-vector-2022-skin.html |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |access-date=January 23, 2023 |website=Slate Magazine}}</ref> Bobedi jo, Sanger le Wales ba ne tsenelela dipotsolotso tse di phatlalatsa kwa bokhutlong jwa 2025 ka ga dikakanyo tsa bone ka ga maemo le seemo sa Wikipedia, go fitlha go felela fa dingwageng tsa one tse di masome a mabedi le botlhano e ntse e le mo tirisong ka Firikgong a le lesome le botlhano, ngwaga wa 2026; Wales o ne a tlhagelela mo thulaganyong ya dikgang tsa PBS mo lenaneong la GZERO World e e neng e botsolodiwa ke Ian Bremmer mme Sanger o ne a tlhagelela mo Dikgannyeng tsa Fox, e e neng e botsolodiwa ke Ashley Rindsberg . Buka ya ga Wales ya ''Melao e e Supa ya go Ikanyega'' e ne ya gatisiwa ke Penguin Random House ka Phalane 2025 . E ne ya tlhalosiwa ke mogatisi jaaka "kakanyo e e tseneletseng ka ga mathata a lefatshe a go ikanyega le kitso" e le buka e e kanokang "melao ya go tshepana" e e letleletseng kgolo le katlego ya Wikipedia. <ref name="Penguin">{{Cite web |title=The Seven Rules of Trust |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/734278/the-seven-rules-of-trust-by-jimmy-wales-with-dan-gardner/ |access-date=22 October 2025 |website=[[Penguin Random House]] |language=en}}</ref> === Ditlamorago tsa maranyane a botlhale jwa maiterelo (generative AI ) mo dipalong tsa dipono tsa ditsebe tsa Wikipedia === Fa e sa le ka Firikgong 2024, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o begile koketsego ya sephatlo mo lekgolong ya tiriso tsa dibandwith go tswa mo go bapaleng diteng tsa bobegakgang mo mananeong a one otlhe. Go ya ka mokgatlho yo, kgolo e e amana le mananeo a a iperekisang ka boone, kgotsa di-bot tsa " scraper ", tse di kokoanyang ditshutiso tsa kitso mo ditsebeng tsa Wikimedia gore di dirisiwe mo go katiseng didirisiwa tse ditona tsa puo le ditiro tse di amanang le tsone. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weaver |first=Tanya |date=2025-04-04 |title=AI scraper bots putting costly strain on Wikimedia infrastructure |url=https://eandt.theiet.org/2025/04/04/ai-scraper-bots-are-putting-costly-strain-wikimedias-infrastructure |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=eandt.theiet.org}}</ref> Ka Phalane 2025, Mokgatlho wa Wikimedia o ne wa bega palo kakanyetso e le boferabobedi mo lekgolong ya phokotsego ya pharakano fa go bapisiwa le kgwedi e e tshwanang ka 2024 mo diponong tse di dirilweng ke batho. Ba bua gore se se bontsha tiriso ya Maranyane a botlhale jwa maitirelo le metswedi ya dikgang di sedimosa ka fa batho ba ratang go batla kitso/dikgang ka teng. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ha |first=Anthony |date=2025-10-18 |title=Wikipedia says traffic is falling due to AI search summaries and social video |url=https://techcrunch.com/2025/10/18/wikipedia-says-traffic-is-falling-due-to-ai-search-summaries-and-social-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251221202413/https://techcrunch.com/2025/10/18/wikipedia-says-traffic-is-falling-due-to-ai-search-summaries-and-social-video/ |archive-date=December 21, 2025 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=TechCrunch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Marshall |date=2025-10-17 |title=New User Trends on Wikipedia |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/ |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=Diff}}</ref> <references /> == Tirisanommogo ya bakwadi == [[File:History_Comparison_Example_(Vector).png|thumb|Dipharologano tse di gateletsweng mo dikwalong tsa setlhogo se le sengwe]] === Melawana === Ka ntlha ya go tuma ga Wikipedia mo go ntseng go oketsega, dikgatiso dingwe, di akaretsa le tsa Sekgoa, di simolodisitse melawana e e laolang go tlaleletsa dikwalo fa gongwe. Ka sekai, mo Wikipedia ya sekgoa le dikgatiso dingwe tsa dipuo, badirisi ba ba nang le diphetogo di le lesome tsa dikwalo mme gape ba na le malatsi a le mane e le badirisi ke bone fela ba ba ka dirang dikwalo tse disha. Mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa, gareng ga tse dingwe, ditsebe tse di bakang dikganetsano thata, tse di masisi, kgotsa tse di nang le kgonagalo ya go senngwa di ile tsa sirelediwa ka selekanyo se se farologaneng. <ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hafner|first1=Katie|date=June 17, 2006|title=Growing Wikipedia Refines Its 'Anyone Can Edit' Policy|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/17/technology/17wiki.html|access-date=December 5, 2016}}</ref> Tsebe e e senngwang gantsi e ka nna "e e sireleditsweng bontlhabongwe" kgotsa "e e sireleditsweng e netefaditswe gape e atolositswe", se se rayang gore ke fela bakwadi ba ba "tlhomamisitsweng" kgotsa ba ba "netefaditsweng mo go atolositsweng" ba ka e fetolang. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=12–13}}Setlhogo se se bakang dikganetsano thata se ka nna sa lotlelwa gore e nne batsamaisi fela ba ba ka dirang diphetogo. Lekwalo la 2021 mo ''Columbia Journalism Review'' le ne la supa melawana ya Wikipedia ya go sireletsa ditsebe jaaka "gongwe tsela e e botlhokwa thata" e e nang le yone ya go "laola mmaraka wa yone wa megopolo". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrison |first=Stephen |last2=Benjakob |first2=Omer |date=January 14, 2021 |title=Wikipedia is twenty. It's time to start covering it better. |url=https://www.cjr.org/opinion/wikipedia-is-twenty-its-time-to-start-covering-it-better.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117150508/https://www.cjr.org/opinion/wikipedia-is-twenty-its-time-to-start-covering-it-better.php |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |access-date=January 15, 2021 |website=[[Columbia Journalism Review]]}}</ref> Wikipedia e abetse di- bot ditiro dingwe . tsamaiso ya algorithm ya mofuta yoo e bonolo go tsenngwa mo tirisong le go lekanyediwa, mme go gana go amogela diphetogo mo go itirisang (automated rejection ) go ka tswa go nnile le seabe mo go fokotsegeng ga bakwadi ba ba matlhagatlhaga ba Wikipedia. <ref name="Ren-2024">{{Cite journal |last=Ren |first=Yuqing |last2=Zhang |first2=Haifeng |last3=Kraut |first3=Robert E. |date=February 29, 2024 |title=How Did They Build the Free Encyclopedia? A Literature Review of Collaboration and Coordination among Wikipedia Editors |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3617369 |url-status=live |journal=ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=1–48 |doi=10.1145/3617369 |issn=1073-0516 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912194101/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3617369 |archive-date=September 12, 2024 |access-date=September 12, 2024}}</ref> Di-bot di tshwanetse go amogelwa ke badirisi pele ga ditiro tsa tsone di tsenngwa mo tirisong. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=36}} Mo dikgannyeng tse dingwe, bakwadi botlhe ba letlelelwa go romela diphetogo, fela go tlhokega tshekatsheko mo bakwading bangwe, go lebilwe diemo dingwe. Ka sekai, Wikipedia ya Sejeremane e boloka "diphetolo tse di tlhomameng" tsa dikwalo tse di fentseng go tlhatlhobiwa mo go rileng. Morago ga diteko tse di tsereng nako e telele le dipuisano tsa badirisi, Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne ya tlhagisa thulaganyo ya "diphetogo tse di santseng di letilwe" ka Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2012. <ref name="BInsider pending changes intro 1">{{Cite news|last=Henderson|first=William|date=December 10, 2012|title=Wikipedia Has Figured Out A New Way To Stop Vandals In Their Tracks|work=[[Insider Inc.|Business Insider]]|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/pending-changes-safeguard-on-wikipedia-2012-12|access-date=January 22, 2023}}</ref> Ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ye, diphetogo tsa badirisi ba basha le ba ba sa kwadisiwang mo dikwalong dingwe tse di bakang dikganetsano kgotsa tse di nnang di senngwa di sekasekwa ke badirisi ba ba tlhomameng pele ga di gatisiwa. <ref>{{Cite news|last1=Frewin|first1=Jonathan|date=June 15, 2010|title=Wikipedia unlocks divisive pages for editing|journal=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/10312095|access-date=August 21, 2014}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, melawana ya go tlaleletsa dikwalo e fokotsa go nna le seabe ga bakwadi ga mmogo le maiteko a go kabakanya morafe wa badirisi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ajmani |first=Leah |last2=Vincent |first2=Nicholas |last3=Chancellor |first3=Stevie |date=September 28, 2023 |title=Peer Produced Friction: How Page Protection on Wikipedia Affects Editor Engagement and Concentration |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3610198 |url-status=live |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction |volume=7 |issue=CSCW2 |pages=1–33 |doi=10.1145/3610198 |issn=2573-0142 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915061444/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3610198 |archive-date=September 15, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024}}</ref> Dikwalo tse di amanang le kgotlhang ya Iseraele le Palestina di bewa ka fa tlase ga tshireletso e e atolositsweng e e netefaditsweng. <ref name="Harrison-2023">{{Cite news|last=Harrison|first=Stephen|date=October 26, 2023|title=Wikipedia Is Covering the War in Israel and Gaza Better Than X|url=https://slate.com/technology/2023/10/wikipedia-elon-musk-gaza-hamas-israel-x-twitter-dispute.html|access-date=December 20, 2023|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|issn=1091-2339}}</ref> Bakwadi gape ba ka dira phetogo ya go boela morago mafoko a bone gangwe fela ka letsatsi go ralala ensaetlolopedia yotlhe mme ba ka thibelwa ruri go tlaleletsa dikwalo tse di amanang le yone. Melawana e e simolotswe ka 2008. <ref name="Benjakob-2020a">{{Cite news|last=Benjakob|first=Omer|date=October 4, 2020|title=The Second Intifada Still Rages on Wikipedia|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2020-10-04/ty-article/.highlight/the-second-intifada-still-rages-on-wikipedia/0000017f-e7fb-da9b-a1ff-efff2c230000|access-date=March 6, 2024|newspaper=[[Haaretz]]}}</ref> Ka Firikgong 2025, Komiti ya Katlholo e ne ya simolodisa "melawana e e lekalekanang ya go tlaleletsa dikwalo", e e tlhokang gore badirisi ba ba nang le dithibelo ba neele fela nngwetharong ya diphetolo tsa bone mo dikwalong tse di amanang le kgotlhang ya Iseraele le Palestina le fa go se na melao epe ya boitshwaro jo bo sa siamang e e robilweng. <ref name="Elia-Shalev-2025">{{Cite web |last=Elia-Shalev |first=Asaf |date=January 24, 2025 |title=Edit wars over Israel spur rare ban of 8 Wikipedia editors — from both sides |url=https://www.jta.org/2025/01/23/israel/edit-wars-over-israel-spur-rare-ban-of-8-wikipedia-editors-from-both-sides |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610091420/https://www.jta.org/2025/01/23/israel/edit-wars-over-israel-spur-rare-ban-of-8-wikipedia-editors-from-both-sides |archive-date=June 10, 2025 |access-date=May 27, 2025 |website=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]]}}</ref> === Tshekatsheko ya diphetogo === [[File:Wikipedia_editing_interface.png|thumb|tsebe ya diphetolo ya Wikipedia]] Le fa diphetogo di sa sekasekwe ka thulaganyo, sofotewere ya Wikipedia e tlamela ka didirisiwa tse di letlelelang mongwe le mongwe go sekaseka diphetogo tse di dirilweng ke ba bangwe. Tsebe ya Ditso ya lekwalo lengwe le sengwe e golagana le diphetolo dingwe le dingwe tsa yone.{{efn|Revisions with libelous content, criminal threats, or copyright infringements may be removed completely.}} Mo dikwalong ka bontsi, mongwe le mongwe o ka lebelela diphetogo tse disha mme gape a baakanya diphetolo tsa ba bangwe ka go tobetsa kgokagano e e mo tsebeng ya Ditso tsa lekwalo la teng. Badirisi ba ba kwadisitsweng ba ka nna ba tlhokometse dikwalo tse di ba kgatlhang ka go nna le "lenaneo la ditebelelo" gore ba kgone go itsisiwe ka diphetogo. "Kanoko ya ditsebe tse disha" ke thulaganyo e mo go yone dikwalo tse di sa tswang go tlhamiwa di tlholwang go bona gore a di na le mathata a a bonalang. Ka 2003, moithuti wa setlankana sa PhD sa dithuto tsa itsholelo Andrea Ciffolilli o ne a bolela gore ditshenyegelo tse di kwa tlase tsa go nna le seabe mo wiki di ne tsa dira gore go nne le tlhabololo ya tirisanommogo, le gore dikarolo tsa mofuta yoo di ne di letlelela gore go nne motlhofo go bona diphetolo tse di fetileng tsa tsebe, mme go ne go thusa ka "dikatlholo tse di agang" go na le "dikatlholo tse di senyang". <ref name="FMonday collaborative effort 1">{{Cite journal |last=Ciffolilli |first=Andrea |date=December 2003 |title=Phantom authority, self-selective recruitment and retention of members in virtual communities: The case of Wikipedia |journal=First Monday |volume=8 |issue=12 |doi=10.5210/fm.v8i12.1108 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Tshenyo === Phetogo epe e e tshosetsang go thokgama ga Wikipedia ka bomo e tsewa e le go senya. Mefuta e e tlwaelegileng thata e e bonalang ya go senya e akaretsa go oketsa ka dilo tse di fatlhang le metlae e e sa siamang; gape e ka akaretsa ipapatso le mefuta e mengwe ya spam. Ka dinako tse dingwe bakwadi ba senya dikwalo ka go tlosa diteng kgotsa go tsenya tsebe e e senang sepe gotlhelele. Mefuta e e sa tlwaelegang thata ya tshenyo, jaaka go tlaletsa dikwalo ka dikgang tse di utlwalang mme di se boammaaruri ka bomo, di ka nna dingalo thata go lemosega. Batho ba ba senyang dikwalo ba ka tsenya fomate e e sa amaneng le sepe, ba fetola motheo wa tsebe jaaka setlhogo sa tsebe kgotsa go aroganngwa ga yone ka ditlhopha, ba dirisa khoutu e e ka fa tlase ga lekwalo ka boferefere, kgotsa ba dirisa ditshwantsho ka tsela e e kgoreletsang. [[File:John_Seigenthaler_Sr._speaking.jpg|alt=White-haired elderly gentleman in suit and tie speaks at a podium.|left|thumb|Mmegadikgang wa MoAmerika John Seigenthaler (1927–2014), setlhogo sa tiragalo ya buka ya botshelo jwa ga Seigenthaler]] Tshenyo e e bonalang ka kakaretso e motlhofo go ka ntshiwa mo dikwalong tsa Wikipedia; nako ya bogare ya go e lemoga le go e baakanya ke metsotso e le mmalwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, tshenyo ye nngwe e tsaya lobaka thata go ka lemogwa le go baakanngwa. Mo tiragalong ya buka ya botshelo jwa ga Seigenthaler, mokwadi mongwe yo o neng a ipipile leina a sa itsiwe o ne a tsenya kgang ye e e seng boammaaruri mo lekwalong la botshelo jwa moeteledipele wa sepolotiki wa Amerika e bong John Seigenthaler ka Motsheganong 2005, a mo kaya mo go maaka jaaka mmelaelwa wa polao ya ga John F. Kennedy . E ne ya nna e sa baakanngwa dikgwedi di le nne. Seigenthaler, mookamedi yo o simolotseng ''USA Today'' le motlhami wa lekgotlana la kgololesego ya Lekalana la Phetolo ya Ntlha kwa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Vanderbilt, o ne a leletsa motlhami-mmogo wa Wikipedia e bong Jimmy Wales mme a mmotsa gore a o na le tsela epe ya go itse gore ke mang yo o tsentseng kgang ye e senang boammaaruri yeo. Wales o ne a re ga itse, le fa mong wa molato a ne a feleletsa a latedisiwa. <ref name="book The World is Flat 1">{{Cite book |last=Friedman |first=Thomas L. |year=2007 |title=The World is Flat |publisher=[[Farrar, Straus & Giroux]] |isbn=978-0-374-29278-2 |page=124}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Buchanan |first=Brian |date=November 17, 2006 |title=Founder shares cautionary tale of libel in cyberspace |url=https://archive.firstamendmentcenter.org/news.aspx?id=17798 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221140311/https://archive.firstamendmentcenter.org/news.aspx?id=17798 |archive-date=December 21, 2012 |access-date=November 17, 2012 |publisher=[[First Amendment Center]]}}</ref> Morago ga tiragalo e, Seigenthaler o ne a tlhalosa Wikipedia e le "sedirisiwa sa patlisiso se se nang le diphoso gape se sena maikarabelo". Tiragalo e e ne ya dira gore go dirwe diphetogo tsa melawana kwa Wikipedia tsa go gagamatsa go netefadiwa ga dikwalo tse di buang ka matshelo a batho ba ba tshelang. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Helm|first=Burt|title=Wikipedia: "A Work in Progress"|url=https://www.businessweek.com/stories/2005-12-13/wikipedia-a-work-in-progress|date=December 13, 2005|access-date=July 26, 2012}}</ref> === Dikganetsano le dintwa tsa go tlaleletsa dikwalo === Bakwadi ba Wikipedia gantsi ba na le go sa dumalane mabapi le diteng, tse di ka tlotliwang mo ditsebeng tsa Puisano tsa dikwalo. Dikganetsano di ka felela ka diphetogo tse di gaisanang gangwe le gape mo dikwalong, tse di bidiwang "ntwa ya go tlaleletsa". <ref name="NBC WP editorial warzone 12">{{Cite news|last=Coldewey|first=Devin|date=June 21, 2012|title=Wikipedia is editorial warzone, says study|department=Technology|work=[[NBC News]]|url=https://sys03-public.nbcnews.com/technology/wikipedia-editorial-warzone-says-study-838793|access-date=March 26, 2021|archivedate=August 26, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826113318/http://sys03-public.nbcnews.com/technology/wikipedia-editorial-warzone-says-study-838793}}</ref> E bonwa ke botlhe jaaka seemo se se senyang didirisiwa mme go sena kitso epe e e mosola e e tsengwang, <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kalyanasundaram |first=Arun |date=December 2015 |title=2015 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC) |last2=Wei |first2=Wei |last3=Carley |first3=Kathleen M. |last4=Herbsleb |first4=James D. |publisher=IEEE |isbn=978-1-4673-9743-8 |location=Huntington Beach, CA |pages=276–287 |chapter=An agent-based model of edit wars in Wikipedia: How and when is consensus reached |citeseerx=10.1.1.715.2758 |doi=10.1109/WSC.2015.7408171}}</ref> gape e a kgalwa ka e tsewa e dira ngwao ya gore bakwadi ba nne le kgaisano e nang le kgotlhang <ref>{{Cite book |last=Suh |first=Bongwon |date=2009 |title=Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration |last2=Convertino |first2=Gregorio |last3=Chi |first3=Ed H. |last4=Pirolli |first4=Peter |publisher=ACM Press |isbn=978-1-60558-730-1 |location=Orlando, FL |pages=1–10 |chapter=The singularity is not near |doi=10.1145/1641309.1641322 |doi-access=free}}</ref> se se amangwang le dikarolo tsa bong tsa banna tsa setso . <ref>{{Cite news|last=Torres|first=Nicole|date=June 2, 2016|title=Why Do So Few Women Edit Wikipedia?|url=https://hbr.org/2016/06/why-do-so-few-women-edit-wikipedia|access-date=August 20, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bear |first=Julia B. |last2=Collier |first2=Benjamin |date=March 2016 |title=Where are the Women in Wikipedia? Understanding the Different Psychological Experiences of Men and Women in Wikipedia |journal=Sex Roles |volume=74 |issue=5–6 |pages=254–265 |doi=10.1007/s11199-015-0573-y |s2cid=146452625}}</ref> Dipatlisiso di itebagantse thata le, sekai, go tlhoka botho ka dikganetsano, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khazraie |first=Marzieh |last2=Talebzadeh |first2=Hossein |date=February 7, 2020 |title="Wikipedia does NOT tolerate your babbling!": Impoliteness-induced conflict (resolution) in a polylogal collaborative online community of practice |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378216620300771 |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Pragmatics |volume=163 |pages=46–65 |doi=10.1016/j.pragma.2020.03.009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914115833/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378216620300771 |archive-date=September 14, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smirnov |first=Ivan |last2=Oprea |first2=Camelia |last3=Strohmaier |first3=Markus |date=December 1, 2023 |editor-last=Ognyanova |editor-first=Katherine |title=Toxic comments are associated with reduced activity of volunteer editors on Wikipedia |url=https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/doi/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad385/7457939 |url-status=live |journal=PNAS Nexus |volume=2 |issue=12 |doi=10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad385 |issn=2752-6542 |pmc=10697426 |pmid=38059265 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007101400/https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/doi/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad385/7457939 |archive-date=October 7, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024 |doi-access=free |article-number=pgad385}}</ref> tlhotlheletso ya dikampa tsa bakwadi tse di gaisanang, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lerner |first=Jürgen |last2=Lomi |first2=Alessandro |date=December 21, 2020 |title=The free encyclopedia that anyone can dispute: An analysis of the micro-structural dynamics of positive and negative relations in the production of contentious Wikipedia articles |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378873318300467 |url-status=live |journal=Social Networks |volume=60 |pages=11–25 |doi=10.1016/j.socnet.2018.12.003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126001010/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378873318300467 |archive-date=November 26, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Morris-O'Connor |first=Danielle A. |last2=Strotmann |first2=Andreas |last3=Zhao |first3=Dangzhi |date=April 4, 2023 |title=The colonization of Wikipedia: evidence from characteristic editing behaviors of warring camps |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JD-04-2022-0090/full/html |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Documentation |volume=79 |issue=3 |pages=784–810 |doi=10.1108/JD-04-2022-0090 |issn=0022-0418 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020151300/https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JD-04-2022-0090/full/html |archive-date=October 20, 2023 |access-date=November 14, 2023}}</ref> popego ya dipuisano, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ziembowicz |first=Karolina |last2=Roszczyńska-Kurasińska |first2=Magdalena |last3=Rychwalska |first3=Agnieszka |last4=Nowak |first4=Andrzej |date=October 3, 2022 |title=Predicting conflict-prone disputes using the structure of turn-taking: the case of Wikipedia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1924224 |url-status=live |journal=Information, Communication & Society |volume=25 |issue=13 |pages=1987–2005 |doi=10.1080/1369118X.2021.1924224 |issn=1369-118X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007091334/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1924224 |archive-date=October 7, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024}}</ref> le phetogo ya dikgotlhang go tlhoma mogopolo mo metsweding. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chhabra |first=Anamika |date=August 25, 2020 |title=Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Open Collaboration |last2=Kaur |first2=Rishemjit |last3=Iyengar |first3=S. R.S. |publisher=ACM |isbn=978-1-4503-8779-8 |pages=1–10 |chapter=Dynamics of Edit War Sequences in Wikipedia |doi=10.1145/3412569.3412585 |access-date=September 15, 2024 |chapter-url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3412569.3412585 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915052238/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3412569.3412585 |archive-date=September 15, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Ruprechter">{{Cite journal |last=Ruprechter |first=Thorsten |last2=Santos |first2=Tiago |last3=Helic |first3=Denis |date=September 9, 2020 |title=Relating Wikipedia article quality to edit behavior and link structure |journal=Applied Network Science |volume=5 |issue=1 |doi=10.1007/s41109-020-00305-y |issn=2364-8228 |doi-access=free |article-number=61}}</ref> Taha Yasseri wa Sekolo sa dithuto tse dikgolwane sa Oxford o ne a sekaseka dikgotlhang tsa go tlaleletsa/kwala dikwalo le go rarabololwa ga tsone mo patlisisong ya 2013. <ref name="Yasseri-2014">{{Cite book |last=Yasseri |first=Taha |author-link=Taha Yasseri |year=2014 |title=The Most Controversial Topics in Wikipedia: A Multilingual and Geographical Analysis |last2=Spoerri |first2=Anselm |last3=Graham |first3=Mark |last4=Kertész |first4=János |author-link4=János Kertész |publisher=Scarecrow Press |editor-last=Fichman, P. |doi=10.2139/SSRN.2269392 |ssrn=2269392 |editor-last2=Hara, N.}}</ref> Yasseri o ne a nganga gore go boela morago mo go bonolo fela kgotsa ditiro tsa "go dirolola" e ne e se selekanyo se se botlhokwa thata sa boitshwaro jo bo sa siamang jwa tiro kwa Wikipedia. O ne a ikaegile boemong jwa seo ka leano la "bakwadi ba le babedi ba bereka mmogo go boela ditlaleletso morago", le e leng gore mokwadi a le mongwe o tlaabo a busetsa morago go tlaleletsa ga mokwadi yo mongwe yo morago ga moo, ka tatelano, a boelang go busetsa tlaleletso ya mokwadi wa ntlha morago. Maduo a ne a tsenngwa mo lenaneong la diphetolelo di le mmalwa tsa dipuo tsa Wikipedia. Dikgotlhang tsa dipalo tse tharo tse di tona mo Wikipedia ya Sekgoa e ne e le tsa dikwalo tsa ga George W. Bush, botlhokapuso, le Muhammad . <ref name="Yasseri-2014" /> Fa go bapisiwa, mo Wikipedia ya Jeremane, dikgotlhang tsa dipalo tse tharo tse di tona ka nako ya patlisiso e ne e le tsa dikwalo tse di neng di bua ka Croatia, Scientology, le megopolo ka tiragalo ya 9/11 . <ref name="Yasseri-2014" /> Ka 2020, babatlisisi ba ne ba supa dikgato tse dingwe ka maitsholo a bakwadi, go feta go boela morago ditlaleletso ka bobedi, go supa dikgotlhang tsa go tlaleletsa dikwalo go ralala Wikipedia. <ref name="Ruprechter"/> Bakwadi gape ba ngangisana ka go phimolwa ga dikwalo mo Wikipedia, ka dingangisano tse di ntseng jalo di ka nna dikete di le makgolo a le matlhano fa e sa le Wikipedia e simololwa go tloga ka 2019. Fa lekwalo le sena go tlhophiwa go phimolwa, kganetsano gantsi e laolwa ke ditlhopo tsa ntlha (gore a le bolokwe kgotsa le phimolwe) le ka go umaka melawana ya tse di rileng tsa setlhogo. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mayfield |first=Elijah |last2=Black |first2=Alan W. |date=November 7, 2019 |title=Analyzing Wikipedia Deletion Debates with a Group Decision-Making Forecast Model |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3359308 |url-status=live |journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction |volume=3 |issue=CSCW |pages=1–26 |doi=10.1145/3359308 |issn=2573-0142 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915025504/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3359308 |archive-date=September 15, 2024 |access-date=September 15, 2024}}</ref> == Melao le diteng == Wikipedia e na le mafelo a maina a a farologaneng a le lesome le bongwe mme dikwalo tsa yone di teng mo ''lefelong la maremelelo'' . Mafelo a mangwe a maina a na le ketapele pele ga setlhogo sa tsebe ya one mme a diragatsa maikaelelo a a farologaneng. Sekai, lefelo la maina a lenaneo le o a dirisa ketapele ''ya Wikipedia'' mme gape le dirisediwa dipuisano tse di amanang le go ipusa. Bontsi jwa babadi ga ba itse ka mafelo a a mangwe a maina. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=3}} Melaometheo ya morafe wa badirisi ba Wikipedia e akareditswe mo "Dipilara tse Tlhano", fa melaometheo e e tseneletseng ya go tlaleletsa dikwalo e tlhagisiwa mo melaong le dikaedi tse dintsi tse di diretsweng go bopa diteng mo go tshwanetseng. Dipilara tse tlhano tseo ke: * Wikipedia ke ensaetlolopedia * Wikipedia e kwadilwe ka tsela e e sa tseyeng letlhakore * Diteng tsa Wikipedia ke tsa mahala tse mongwe le mongwe a ka di dirisang, a di tlaleletsa, le go di anamisa * Bakwadi ba Wikipedia ba tshwanetse go tshwarana ka tlotlo le maitseo * Wikipedia ga e na melao e e kgopo Melao e e tlhamilweng ke badirisi e bolokwa mo lefelong la maina la Wikipedia, mme bakwai ba Wikipedia ba kwala le go tlhabolola melao le dikaelo tsa webosaete go ya ka tumalano ya badirisi. <ref name="pcworld who's behind WP">{{Cite web |date=February 6, 2008 |title=Who's behind Wikipedia? |url=https://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/index.php/id;1866322157;fp;2;fpid;2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209110303/https://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/index.php/id%3B1866322157%3Bfp%3B2%3Bfpid%3B2 |archive-date=February 9, 2008 |access-date=February 7, 2008 |website=PC World |page=2}}</ref> Kwa tshimologong, melao ya dikgatiso tse e seng tsa Sekgoa tsa Wikipedia e ne e beilwe mo thanolong ya melao ya Wikipedia ya Sekgoa. Fa e sa le ka nako eo e ile ya fapoga golo gongwe. === Melao ya diteng le dikaelo === Go ya ka melao ya morafe wa badirisi ba Wikipedia ya Sekgoa, lekwalo lengwe le lengwe mo Wikipedia le tshwanetse go nna le setlhogo se se maleba go nna mo [[wiktionary:encyclopedic|ensaetlolopedia]] mme e se lekwalo le le kwadilweng kana le utlwalega jaaka buka ya tlhaloso ya mafoko. Setlhogo gape se tshwanetse go fitlhelela maemo a Wikipedia a "notability", se se rayang gore setlhogo se tshwanetse gore a bo se kile sa akarediwa thata mo metsweding e e ikanyegang e e ikemetseng ka nosi mo setlhogong sa lekwalo leo. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=53–54}}Wikipedia e ikaeletse go fetisa fela kitso e e setseng e tlhomilwe gape e lemogwa ka jalo ga e a tshwanela go tlhagisa dipatlisiso tsa ntlha tsa setlhogo sa palo. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=32}}Ditlhogo tsa dipalo tse dingwe, jaaka tsa mapolotiki le barutegi, di na le melwana e e kgethegileng. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=53–54}}La bofelo, Wikipedia e tshwanetse go supa karolo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore. Se se fitlhelelwa ka go soboka metswedi e e ikanyegang, go dirisa puo e e sa tseyeng letlhakore, le go tlhomamisa gore go tlhagisiwa dintlha tse dintsintsi go ikaegile ka gore di tlhagelela go le kana kang. Dikgang/kitso gape e tshwanetse gore a bo e ka netefadiwa. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|pages=5–7}}Lekwalo le le senang dinopolo le ka nna la tshwaiwa kgotsa la phimolwa gotlhelele. {{sfn|McDowell|Vetter|2022|page=33}}Se ka dinako tse dingwe se ka dira gore go phimolwe lekwalo(tshedimosetso) , le fa e le boammaaruri, e le gore ga e na metswedi sentle. <ref name="IHT WP valid info wrong removable 1">{{Cite news|last=Cohen|first=Noam|author-link=Noam Cohen|date=August 9, 2011|title=For inclusive mission, Wikipedia is told that written word goes only so far|page=18|newspaper=[[International Herald Tribune]]}}</ref> Jaaka fa melao ya Wikipedia e ntse e fetoga mo tsamaong ya nako, gape e nna dingalo, palo ya yone e ile ya gola. Ka 2008, go ne go na le ditsebe tsa melao di le masome a mane le bone le ditsebe tsa dikaelo di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a le mane le boferabobedi (248); ka 2013, barutegi ba ne ba bala ditsebe tsa melao di le makgolo a le mararo le masome a le boferabobedi le boraro (383) le ditsebe tsa dikaelo di le makgolo a le mane le masome a le mane le boferabongwe (449). <ref name="Ren-2024"/> 0d1eu24lobi4lm11kscwpysiwiddr17 Ian Khama Seretse Khama 0 3108 52368 52091 2026-07-12T12:46:06Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke baakantse tsebe ya Ian Khama 52368 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Seretse Khama Ian Khama'''; <ref>[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=57671&dir=2016/february/11 "President Khama has a new official name"]. ''Mmegi Online''. 11 February 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</ref>o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le masome a mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le boraro (1953) <ref>[http://www.pretorianews.co.za/index.php?fArticleId=4330211 "True to tradition, Khama is born to rule Botswana",] Sapa-AFP (''Pretoria News''), 1 April 2008.</ref>ke radipolotiki wa Motswana e bile e le modiredi wa pele wa sesole yo o kileng a nna Tautona wa bone wa Botswana go tloga ka kgwedi ya Moranang e thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008) go fitlha ka kgwedi ya [[Botswana Defence Force|Moranang]] e thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2018). Morago ga go direla ele moeteledi pele wa sesole sa Botswana, o ne a tsenelela polotiki, abo a nna [[Mothusa Tautona wa Botswana|mothusa tautona wa Botswana]] go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1998 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008), morago ga moo a tlhatlhama ppp[[Festus Mogae]] jaaka Tautona ka kgwedi ya Moranang e thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008). O fentse paka e e tletseng mo [[Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa 2009 tsa lefatshe la Botswana|ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe(2009)]] mme a tlhophiwa gape ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014). <ref>{{Cite web |title=H.E. Lt General Serêtsê Khama Ian Khama {{!}} The AAS |url=https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/he-lt-general-seretse-khama-ian-khama |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416093446/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/he-lt-general-seretse-khama-ian-khama |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=2021-04-16 |website=www.aasciences.africa}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Ian Khama ke ngwana wa bobedi wa ga Seretse Khama (yo neng a tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bongwe (1921) a bo a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Phukwi le le lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1980), moeteledipele wa Botswana wa boipuso le mopresidente wa gagwe go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980), le Lady Khama. O belegetswe kwa Chertsey, Surrey, fa rraagwe a ne a nna kwa botshwarong kwa United Kingdom, ka ntlha ya kganetso ya puso ya bokoloniale le puso e e neng e sa tswa go tlhongwa ya tlhaolele mo Aforika Borwa ka ntlha ya lenyalo la gagwe le mosadi wa mosweu.<ref>Arnold, Guy (29 May 2002)[https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/may/29/guardianobituaries . "Obituary: Lady Ruth Khama".] ''The Guardian''.</ref> Gape ke setlogolo sa ga [[Sekgoma II]] (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro le borobabongwe (1869) a bo a thokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le botlhano (1925), yo e neng e le moeteledipele wa batho ba [[Bangwato|Bamangwato,]] le setlogolo sa ga [[Khama III]] (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mararo le bosupa (1837) a bo a thokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le boraro (1923), kgosi ya bone. Rragomogolo wa gagwe wa Kgosikgolo Sekgoma I e ne e le tlhogo ya batho ba Bamangwato (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le lesome le botlhano (1815) a bo a thokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885). Leina "Seretse" le raya "mmu o o kopanyang" mme o ne wa fiwa rraagwe go keteka poelano ya ga rraagwe le rremogoloagwe; poelano eno e ne ya tlhomamisa gore Seretse Khama o tlhatlogela mo setulong sa bogosi fa rraagwe yo o tsofetseng a ne a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le botlhano (1925). Ian Seretse Khama o teeletswe ka rraagwe go tsweletsa boswa jono jwa hisetori. Gape o itsiwe ka leina Ian Khama go farologanya ene le rraagwe. [[Tshekedi Khama II|Tshekedi Khama II,]] morwarraagwe Ian Khama, o ne a teeletswe ka malome wa bone, Tshekedi Khama yo e neng e le motlhokomedi le motlhokomedi wa ga [[Seretse Khama]], Tautona wa ntlha wa [[Botswana]].<ref>[https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/president-seretse-khama "President Seretse Khama &#x7C; South African History Online".] ''www.sahistory.org.za''.</ref> == Thuto le tiro ya sesole == Ian Khama o ne a rutwa kwa [[Waterford Kamhlaba]], United World College kwa [[Mbabane]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120414133341/http://www.waterford.sz/information/waterford_kamhlaba_background/ "Waterford Kamhlaba Background".] Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2010.</ref>le kwa Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.<ref>[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=68&art_id=nw20080330125727131C535360 Gordon Bell "Botswana's leader to keep winning formula",] Reuters (''IOL''), 30 March 2008.</ref>Ke mokgweetsi wa sefofane yo o nang le bokgoni.<ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/inside-how-khamaocos-love-for-flying-took-away-botswanaocos-innocence/ "Inside how Khama's love for flying took away Botswana's innocence | Sunday Standard".] 11 November 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2024.</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Moranang wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa (1977), Khama o ne a tlhophiwa jaaka brigadier general a le dingwaga di le masome a mabedi le bone ka nako ya Bo Tautona jwa ga [[Seretse Khama|Sir Seretse Khama]], a mo dira Motlatsa Molaodi wa Motlatsa Tautona wa maloba [[Lt. Gen. Mompati Merafh]]<nowiki/>e. Moragonyana o ne a direla jaaka Molaodi wa [[Botswana Defence Force (BDF)]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1989 )go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998). Ka nako eno, Khama o ne a amogela ditlotla tsa sesole, go akaretsa le Founder Officer Medal ka go nna karolo ya Botswana Defence Force fa e ne e tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa (1977), Duty Code Order ka go ineela mo tirong, le Distinguished Service Medal ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa (1997) morago ga dingwaga di le masome a mabedi tsa tirelo.<ref>[https://www.weekendpost.co.bw/18290/news/khama-barred-from-using-bdf-facilities/ "Khama barred from using BDF facilities".] ''Botswana Weekend Post''. 24 June 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2024.</ref> == Tiro ya sepolotiki == Khama ka nako ya ketelo ya semmuso kwa Chile ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017) Khama, yo o neng a direla jaaka Molaodi wa Botswana Defence Force, o ne a itsise ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le lesome le borataro ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa (1997) gore o tla tlogela tiro ya gagwe ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le masome a mararo le bongwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998). Ka gore e ne e le letlha le le tshwanang le la go tlogela tiro ga Tautona Quett Masire, e ne ya tsosa dikakanyo tsa sepolotiki ka ga Khama.<ref>"Botswana: Army commander announces he will retire at end of March 1998", SAPA news agency (nl.newsbank.com), 18 December 1997. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Khama#cite_note-10]</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Moranang e thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998), fa Motlatsa-Tautona Festus Mogae a ne a tlhatlhama Masire jaaka Tautona, Khama o ne a tlhophiwa jaaka motlatsa-Tautona e yo mošwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, Khama o ne a se na setilo mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba, mme ka jalo o ne a sa kgone go simolola tiro ya gagwe jaaka motlatsa-Tautona . Kwa tshimologong ya kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998) o ne a fenya ditlhopho ka bontsi kwa Serowe North, a amogela dithopho di le dikete tse pedi le makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borataro kgatlhanong le dithopho di le masome a robabobedi le borataro tsa moemedi wa lekoko la kganetso la Botswana National Front.<ref>"Botswana: Ian Khama wins by-election and can therefore be vice-president", SAPA news agency (nl.newsbank.com), 6 July 1998. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Khama#cite_note-11]</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le lesome le boraro , o ne a tsaya setilo sa gagwe mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba mme a ikana jaaka motlatsa-Tautona.<ref>"Botswana: Ian Khama takes parliamentary seat, sworn in as vice-president", SAPA news agency (nl.newsbank.com), 13 July 1998.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Khama#cite_note-12]</ref>Ka ditiro tse, o ne a tlogela maemo a gagwe a go nna tlhogo ya morafe a a neng a ise a ke a a tseye, ka gore dikgosi tsa molaotheo tsa Botswana wa segompieno di thibetswe semolao go nna le seabe mo dipolotiking tsa makoko. Bontsi jwa Bamangwato ba setso ba ne ba tswelela go mo tsaya jaaka moeteledipele wa bone.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7325400.stm "Botswana's new high flyer"]. ''BBC''. 2 April 2008. Retrieved 21 May 2024.</ref> Morago ga phenyo ya Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1999), Khama o ne a sala e le motlatsa-Tautona mmogo le Tona ya Merero ya BoTautona le Tsamaiso ya Setšhaba. <ref>Ernest Chilisa, [http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=84&art_id=ct19991022203723103B320924 "Major shake-up after Botswana poll",] ''Saturday Star'' (''IOL''), 22 October 1999.</ref><ref>"Botswana: President Mogae appoints new cabinet", Radio Botswana (nl.newsbank.com), 21 October 1999.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Khama#cite_note-15]</ref> Mogae o ne a fa Khama ngwaga o le mongwe wa khunologo moragonyana mo ngwageng oo, tshwetso e e neng ya tshwaiwa phoso thata ke lekoko la Botswana Congress Party<ref name=":0">"Botswana: President Mogae faces court action", PANA news agency (nl.newsbank.com), 23 December 1999.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Khama#cite_note-Court-16]</ref><ref>"Botswana: Vice-president's year-long sabbatical leave criticized", PANA news agency (nl.newsbank.com), 3 January 2000.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Khama#cite_note-Year-17]</ref>le Lekgotla la Botswana la Mekgatlho e e seng ya Puso. Khama's leave e ne ya simolola go dira ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi (2000).<ref name=":0" /> O ne a boela mo tirong ya gagwe jaaka motlatsa-Tautona ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi (2000), le fa a ne a emisediwa jaaka Tona ya Merero ya Tautona le Tsamaiso ya Setšhaba ka nako eo.<ref>"Botswana: Vice-president "resumes duty"; cabinet reshuffle reported", Radio Botswana (nl.newsbank.com), 30 August 2000.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Khama#cite_note-18]</ref> Khama, yo e neng e setse e le leloko la BDP Central Committee,<ref name=":1">[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=44427 "BOTSWANA: Feature{{spaced ndash}}leadership contest may test stability",] IRIN, 19 June 2003.</ref>o ne a tlhophiwa jaaka Modulasetilo wa BDP ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003) kwa bokopano jwa mokgatlho; o ne a fenya modulasetilo wa pele, [[Ponatshego Kedikilwe]], a amogela diboutu di le makgolo a matlhano le lesome le bobedi kgatlhanong le di le makgolo a mabedi le lesome le borobabongwe tsa Kedikilwe.Khama o ne a tshegeditswe ke Tautona Mogae mo maemong a gagwe, go bula tsela ya gore Khama kgabagare a tlhatlhame Mogae jaaka Tautona.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=45114 "BOTSWANA: Khama win eases Mogae's concerns",] IRIN, 23 July 2003.</ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Tautona wa Botswana]] 6yx4ew5g10wzql6inahpt9q4vtdotoa Tshekedi Khama II 0 3178 52373 51608 2026-07-12T13:26:20Z Lucrucia98 12161 52373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|office=Minister of Environment, Conservation, Natural Resources and Tourism|image=Tshekedi Khama.jpg|predecessor=[[Kitso Mokaila]]|president=[[Ian Khama]]<br />[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]|term_start=2012|term_end=2018|office2=Minister of Youth Empowerment, Sports and Culture Development|predecessor2=[[Thapelo Olopeng]]|president2=[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]|party=[[Botswana Democratic Party]] (until 2019)<br />[[Botswana Patriotic Front]] (2019–)|birth_name=Tshekedi Stanford Khama|birth_date={{birth date and age|1958|6|9|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Serowe]], [[Bechuanaland]]|nationality=Botswana|spouse=[[Thea Khama]]|children=Tahlia Khama Kaedi Khama|parents=[[Seretse Khama]] <br /> [[Ruth Williams Khama]]|alma_mater=Institute of Development Management {{small|([[Diploma]])}}}} '''Tshekedi Khama II''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borobabobedi (1958) ke lepolotiki la Motswana. Ke leloko la pele la palamente ya Botswana gotswa kwa Serowe Bokone botlhaba.<ref name="mmegi">[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=31&sid2=6aid=2199dir=2010/May/Thursday20&aid=16&dir=2009/February/Friday27 "Of the Khamas, by the Khamas, for the Khamas"]. [[:en:Mmegi|Mmegi]]. Retrieved 17 Phalane 2025.</ref> Gape ke leloko la setlhopha sa polotiki sa [[Botswana Patriotic Party]].<ref name=":0">[http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/tshekedi-khama-resigns-from-botswana-democratic-party/ Tshekedi Khama resigns from Botswana Democratic Party] SABC News, 27 September 2019.</ref> O ne a kgaolwa ka mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba morago ga go seke go tsenelele dikopano tse pedi ka go latelanang ka ntlha ya go ikisa lejwa ga gagwe kwa [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref>Bothoko, Pini (24 April 2023). [https://www.mmegi.bw/ampArticle/107923 "Tshekedi disqualified as MP"]. ''[[:en:Mmegi|Mmegi]]''. Retrieved 17 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Ka ga gagwe == Ke monnawe Tautona wa Botswana wa pele, [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Seretse Khama Ian Khama]], ebile ele ngwana wa boraro wa ga [[Tautona wa Botswana|Tautona]] ya ntlha ya Botswana, [[Seretse Khama]] le [[Ruth Williams Khama]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141029052019/http://www.parliament.gov.bw/component/member/?view=memberdetails&id=37&Itemid=0 "Member of Parliament CV"]. Parliament of Botswana. Retrieved 17 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref name="mmegi" /> === Tiro ya sepolotiki === Khama o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mopalamente wa bosetshaba kwa Serowe Bokone Bophirima mo [[ditlhophong tsa tlaleletso]] tsa Serowe Bokone Bophirima ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008) morago ga gore setilo seo se sale se sena ope fa mogolowe a ne a nna tautona e le leloko la phathi ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP).<ref name=":1">Phakedi, Pearl (21 April 2023). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230422071820/https://weekendpost.co.bw/36976/news/%F0%9D%97%A7%F0%9D%98%80%F0%9D%97%B5%F0%9D%97%B2%F0%9D%97%B8%F0%9D%97%B2%F0%9D%97%B1%F0%9D%97%B6-%F0%9D%97%BB%F0%9D%97%BC-%F0%9D%97%B9%F0%9D%97%BC%F0%9D%97%BB%F0%9D%97%B4%F0%9D%97%B2%F0%9D%97%BF/ "Tshekedi no longer an MP - Molatlhodi"]. ''Weekend Post''. Retrieved 17 Phalane 2025.</ref> Morago ga moo o ne a tlhophiwa gape ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009) le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014).<ref name=":1" /> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018) e ne e le Tona ya Tikologo, Tshomarelo, Ditsompelo tsa Tlholego le Bojanala.<ref>Lotshwao, Kebapetse (3 April 2025). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/18335330.2025.2471540 "Intelligence as an instrument of coercion: the case of the Directorate of Intelligence and Security (DIS) in Botswana"]. ''Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism''. '''20''' (2): 227–242. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/18335330.2025.2471540|10.1080/18335330.2025.2471540]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1833-5330 1833-5330]. Retrieved 17 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), Tautona [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]] o ne a mo dira Tona ya Banana, Metshameko le Ngwao.<ref>[http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details.php?nid=5962 Tshekedi unhappy with Masisi decision] Weekend Post, 17 December 2018</ref> Pele ga [[ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2019|ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2019)]], o ne a tlogela BDP go tsenelela lekoko le lesha la [[Botswana Patriotic Front]] (BPF),<ref name=":0" /> mme e ne e le mongwe wa bontlhopheng ba le bararo ba BPF ba ba neng ba tlhophilwe. == Go tshwarwa le go ya lejwa == Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022) morwarraagwe, [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]], o ne a bolela gore [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]] o ne a laela gore Tshekedi a tshwarwe le gore Bokaedi jwa Matlhale le Tshireletso bo ne jwa tshwara Tshekedi.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/ian-khama-claims-his-twin-brothers-have-been-detained-by-botswanas-state-security-20220318 "Ian Khama claims his twin brothers have been detained by Botswana's state security"]. ''News24''. 18 March 2022. Retrieved 17 Phalane 2025.</ref> Moragonyana go ne ga netefadiwa gore o ne a tshwarwa mmogo le morwarraagwe e bong Anthony le mosadi wa ga Tshekedi e bong Thea ka ntlha ya ditumalano tsa tshenyetso setshaba tse di neng di dirilwe ke kompone ya bone ya Seleka Springs.<ref name=":1" /> Go ne ga bolelwa gore kompone eo e dira kgwebo le [[Botswana Defence Force|Sesole sa Botswana]], mme ofisi ya Seleka Springs e ne ya nna lefelo la bokwaledi jwa BPF, kwa go neng go gatisiwa dikarata tsa maloko gone.<ref name=":2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20251011015808/https://www.sundaystandard.info/khamas-absence-internal-wrangling-weakening-bpf/ "Khama's absence, internal wrangling weakening BPF | Sunday Standard"]. ''Sunday Standard''. 5 April 2022. Retrieved 17 Phalane 2025.</ref> Fa ba sena go gololwa, ba ne ba tsaya loeto go ya kwa Aforika Borwa go ya kwa go Ian kwa Tshekedi a ntseng a le mo botshabelong fa e sale ka nako eo.<ref name=":1" /> O ne a kgabaganya ka kgoro ya molelwane wa pioneer gaufi le [[Lobatse]].<ref name=":2" /> Moatholdi, morago ga gore Tshekedi a seka a tsenelela dikopano di le pedi tsa palamente, o boletse fa a lekile go ikgolaganya le ene kwa Aforika Borwa ka Mopalamente [[Leepetswe Lesedi]] mme a se ka a bona karabo.<ref name=":1" /> O ne a araba ka go bolela gore ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo a le malatsi a masome mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro (2023) o ne a itsise sebui ka matshosetsi a go tshwarwa ke DIS.<ref name=":1" /> ==Metswedi== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Khama, Tshekedi}} [[Category:Maloko a Phuthego ya Setshaba ya Botswana]] [[Category:Batho ba ba santseng bale mo botshelong]] [[Category:Ngwaga tsa batho ba ba timetseng (batho ba ba sale botshelong)]] [[Category:Mapolotiki a Botswana Democratic Party]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] rcbwjn039fb3sakwbp8skapy6hmm43e Ruth Williams Khama 0 4245 52376 47283 2026-07-12T13:40:13Z Lucrucia98 12161 52376 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Ruth Khama.png|thumb|Senepe sa ga Ruth Williams Khama]] '''Ruth Williams Khama, Lady Khama''' o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le boraro (1923) kgwedi ya Morule e tlhola malatsi a le boferabongwe, a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi (2002), kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bobedi, e ne e le mosadi wa ga [[Seretse Khama|Sir Seretse Khama]], o e neng e le tautona ya ntlha ya lefatshe la [[Botswana]], e bile e le kgosikgolo ya morafe wa [[Bangwato|Bangwato.]] O ne a bereka e le mohumagadi wa ga tautona wa ntlha go tlhomiwa go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borataro (1996) go ema ka wa ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi (1980).<ref>Ramsay,Jeff.(2021-07-01).[https://www.mmegi.bw/opinion-analysis/seretse-khama-centenary-a-profile-of-our-first-president/news ''"Seretse Khama Centenary: A profile of our first president"''].Mmegi Online.Retrieved 2022-05-22.</ref> {{Infobox officeholder|name=Ruth Williams Khama|image=Photo of Ruth Williams Khama.jpg|office=1st [[First Lady of Botswana]]|predecessor=''Office created''|president=[[Seretse Khama]]|successor=[[Gladys Olebile Masire]]|term_start=30 September 1966|term_end=13 July 1980|party=[[Botswana Democratic Party]]|birth_name=Ruth Williams|birth_date={{Birth date|df=yes|1923|12|09}}|birth_place=[[Blackheath, London]]|death_date={{Death date and age|df=yes|2002|05|22|1923|12|09}}|death_place=[[Gaborone]], [[Botswana]]|resting_place=Royal Cemetery, [[Serowe]], [[Botswana]]|spouse={{marriage|[[Seretse Khama]]|1948|1980|reason=died}}|children=Jacqueline Khama<br />[[Ian Khama]]<br />[[Tshekedi Khama II]]<br />Anthony Khama}} == Botshelo jwa pele == Lady Khama o ne a fiwa leina la Ruth Williams fa a tsholwa kwa Meadowcourt Road, Blackheath kwa bokone jwa [[Lontone]].<ref>Q. N. Parsons, "Khama, Sir Seretse (1921–1980)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2011 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/31311 accessed 23 March 2016.]</ref> E ne ele morwadia George le Dorothy Williams.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181027163702/http://www.sundaystandard.info/life-service-%E2%80%93-lady-ruth-khama "A Life of Service - Lady Khama"], ''Sunday Standard'', 20 August 2012</ref> Rraagwe o berekile e le molaodi (captain) mo sesoleng sa kwa [[Britain]] se se neng se berekela kwa [[India]],<ref>[https://www.innertemple.org.uk/who-we-are/history/historical-articles/the-unfortunate-marriage-of-seretse-khama/ The “Unfortunate Marriage” of Seretse Khama {{!}} Inner Temple]. Retrieved 2022-05-22.</ref> mme a tloga a bereka mo go gwebeng ka tee. O ne a na le motsalwa le ene wa mosadi a bidiwa Muriel William-Sanderson o ba neng ba utlwana thata.<ref>[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=52268&dir=2015/june/29 "Sir Seretse Khama’s sister in law, Muriel Sanderson, is no more"], ''The Monitor'', 29 June 2015</ref> O ne a tsena sekolo kwa [[Eltham Hill Grammar School]], mme a tloga a bereka e le mokgweetsi wa ambulense ya [[Women's Auxiliary Airforce]] kwa bokone jwa Enyelane ka nako ya ntwa ya lefatshe ya bobedi.<ref>Donnelly,Marea.(2016-12-16)."[https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/today-in-history/how-a-mixedrace-love-affair-between-an-african-prince-and-an-englishwoman-caused-an-international-furore/news-story/3eca57c188f534af1c037278a053d7c5 How a mixed-race love affair caused an international furore"].The Daily Telegraph.Retrieved 2020-05-30.</ref> Morago ga ntwa, o ne a bereka e le mokwaledi wa kompone ya underwriters ya [[Cuthbert Heath]] kwa [[Lloyd's of London.]] == Lenyalo == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bosupa (1947),ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, go ne ga nna le mmino kwa [[Nutford House]] o rulagantswe ke mokgatlho wa London Missionary, mogolowe o ne a mo itsise Kgosi Seretse Khama. E ne e le ngwana wa ga [[Kgosi Sekgoma wa bobedi]] wa [[Bangwato]] mme a ithutela tsa molao kwa [[Inner Temple]] kwa Lontone morago ga go fetsa ngwaga kwa [[Balliol College]] kwa Oxford. Bobedi jo bo ne bo rata mmino wa [[jazz]], bogolo jang wa [[The Ink Spots]], mme ba ratana mo nakong e e sa fediseng pelo.<ref>Cornwell, Rupert (30 May 2002), [https://web.archive.org/web/20100609165202/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/ruth-khama-652726.html "Ruth Khama: Bride in 'a marriage of inconvenience'"], ''[[:en:The_Independent|The Independent]]''.</ref> Seretse Khama e ne e le monna wa ntlha Ruth a bua le ene a le montsho.<ref name=":0">Porter,Mackenzie.(15 May 1952). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20221122140547/https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1952/5/15/the-ordeal-of-seretse-and-his-white-queen-ruth "The Ordeal of Seretse and his White Queen Ruth]''". Maclean's. Retrieved 28 Lwetse 2025.</ref> Pego ya ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bobedi (1952) e supa fa Ruth e ne e le mosadi o o pelokgale.<ref name=":0" /> Leano la bone la go nyalana le ne la tsosa kgaruru mo baeteledipele ba [[Bechuanaland]] le puso ya [[Aforika Borwa]] e e neng e sa tswa go go tlhoma lenaneo la tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala e e itsegeng jaaka apatheid.<ref>''[https://www.britannica.com/place/Botswana "Botswana - Botswana since independence"].''Encyclopedia Britannica.Retrieved 2021-05-24.</ref> Lefatshe la Britain le ne le aga bomo e go neng go bonwa e le botlhokwa go tshwarelela maemo ga lefatshe la Britain, go ne go bonwa go le botlhoka gape gore barekesi ba [[uranium]] ba bo ba tswa mo mafatsheng a selekanye; lefatshe la Aforika Borwa la fitlhelwa le na le uranium e ntsi e e neng e ka epiwa ka madi a kwa tlase ke batho bantsho ba Aforika Borwa ba ba neng ba duelwa dituelo tse di ko tlase thata mo baeping ba basweu.<ref name=":1">Williams (2006).p 36.</ref> Uranium e ne e bonwa gape mo mafatsheng a selekanye a tshwana le [[Canada]], mme uranium ya Canada e ne e epiwa boteng ke baepi ba ba neng ba duelwa mo go duleng letsogo, se se neng sa baka gore uranium ya Canada e ture go feta ya Aforika Borwa. Ka jalo ka mabaka a tlhwatlhwa, puso ya ga mmamosadinyana e ne e bona go le botoka go reka uranium kwa Aforika Borwa go aga bomo ya bone.<ref name=":1" /> Puso ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya tlhamalatsa gore maikaelelo a bone a go rekisetsa Britain uranium a ka kgorelediwa ke lonyalo lo. Puso ya Britain e ne ya tsenelela ka go emisa lonyalo lo.<ref name=":2">Williams (2006).p 68.</ref> Ruth le Khama ba ne ba tsena kereke ya [[Anglican]], ba batla go nyadisiwa mo kerekeng ya [[England]], mme ope wa bone a seka a bona moruti o o neng a dumela go ba nyadisa.<ref name=":0" /> Bishopo wa Lontone William Sand, are o ka letlelela lonyalo lwa kereke fela fa puso e dumalana.<ref name=":3">Arnold, Guy (29 May 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/may/29/guardianobituaries "Obituary: Lady Ruth Khama"], ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''.</ref> Baratani ba ne ba nyalana kwa [[Keningston Register Office]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone (1984), ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boferabongwe. <ref name=":2" />Lenyalo le ne lwa ngoka ba dikgang, jaaka mmega dikgang wa Canada [[Mackenzie Porter]] a ne a kwala ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bobedi (1952) are ba begadikgang ba ne bona lonyalo lo e le kgang e tshwanetseng go kwalwa mo tsebeng ya ntlha ya dipampiri. "Fa ga bo go kopane mojwaboswa wa bogosi jwa kwa goora Khama o o neng a itlhokomolosa mathata a ka bakiwang ke go nyala motho wa lotso lo sele, le mosetsana wa lekgowa o o neng a eletsa go nna kgosigadi ya mo Aforika, o o godisitsweng a sa solofela sepe fa e se ntlo le monna o o tla pagamang base moso le moso".<ref name=":0" /> [[Daniel Malan]], tonakgolo wa nako e o kwa Aforika Borwa o ne a tlhalosa fa lonyalo lo lo ferosa sebete.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6">[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1395127/Lady-Khama.html "Lady Khama"] (obituary), ''The Daily Telegraph'', 24 May 2002</ref> [[Julius Nyerere]], o e neng a ithutela borutabana ka nako e o mme a tloga a nna tautona wa [[Tanzania]], o ne a re ke nngwe ya dipolelo tsa lorato tse dikgolo mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref name=":2" /> === Go goroga kwa Bechuanaland === Banyalani bano ba ne ba boela kwa [[Bechuanaland]], e leng lefatshe le sireleditsweng ke Borithane, kwa malomaagwe Seretse e bong [[Tshekedi Khama]] e neng e le motshwarelela-bogosi teng. Mo morafeng wa Bamangwato, mosadi wa kgosi o ne a tsewa jaaka mmaagwe morafe otlhe wa Bamangwato, mme mo go Kgosana Tshekedi go ne go sa kgonege fela gore mosadi wa mosweu a ka tshameka karolo e. Kgosana Tshekedi o ne a ngoka Ofisi ya Bokolone ya Borithane go pateletsa Seretse go itatola mosadi wa gagwe kgotsa go itatola go batla go nna mo setilong sa bogosi.<ref name=":3" /> Mo ditlhophong tsa Aforika Borwa tsa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borobabobedi (1948), Lekoko la Bosetšhaba la Maburu [[National Party]] le le neng le na le ditshekamelo tse di maatla tsa rephaboliki le tse di kgatlhanong le Borithane le ne la fenya, mme poifo ya gore Tonakgolo Malan a ka nna a bolela gore Aforika Borwa ke rephaboliki e ne ya dira gore dipuso tse di latelanang tsa Borithane di batle go ritibatsa Malan, yo o neng a tlhalosa sentle gore ga a amogele lenyalo la ba ga Khama.<ref name=":0" /> Malan o thibetse boKhama ka bobedi go tsena mo Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":0" /> Lekwalodikgang la Cape Town le ne la bitsa Ruth "mosetsana yo o seeleele yo o sa itseng sepe".<ref name=":0" /> Go nna teng ga "Kgosigadi e Tshweu" - jaaka makwalodikgang a Aforika Borwa a ne a bitsa Ruth - go ne go bonwa jaaka matshosetsi mo ''tlhaoleleng'' mme makwalodikgang a le mmalwa a Aforika Borwa a ne a buelela go tlhasela Bechuanaland fa "Kgosigadi e Tshweu" e ka letlwa go nna.<ref name=":0" /> Go goroga ga ga Ruth kwa Bechuanaland ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borobabongwe (1949) go ne ga kgatlhana le paka e e gaisang ya dipula mo dingwageng di le lesome, e e neng ya tsewa jaaka sesupo se se molemo ke Bamangwato, ba ba neng ba mmitsa "Kgosigadi ya Pula".<ref name=":0" /> Ruth o ne a tsaya karolo mo moletlong wa Bamangwato kwa setlhopha se segolo sa basadi se neng se mo dikologa, ba opela dipina fa ba ntse ba tshotse dikgamelo tsa metsi kgotsa mmidi pele ga ba khubama go mo naya metsi le mmidi fa ba ntse ba bolela gore "O mmaarona rotlhe!"<ref name=":0" /> Ka ntlha ya go phatlaladiwa mo go sa siamang, Ruth Khama o ne a sa rate go buisana le babegadikgang, ba a neng a ba bifela. Bontsi jwa dikgang tsa makwalodikgang di ne di mmontsha le monna wa gagwe ka tsela e e sa kgatlheng, mme seno se ne sa mo utlwisa botlhoko thata; selo se se neng se mo tshwenya e ne e le go tlhopha dilo tse di sa nepagalang mo dikgannyeng tsa makwalodikgang tse di jaaka go bolela gore maduo a monna wa gagwe kwa Inner Temple a ne a wela tlase morago ga gore a simolole go ratana le ene.<ref name=":4">[[:en:Ruth_Williams_Khama#CITEREFWilliams2006|Williams 2006]], p. 88.</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, o ne a utlwisitswe botlhoko ke dikgang mo bobegadikgannyeng jwa Borithane le jwa Amerika tse di neng di kwadilwe ke babegadikgang ba ba iseng ba ko ba ye kwa Bechuanaland tse di neng di e bontsha jaaka lefelo le le metsi le le khurumeditsweng ke dikgwa jaaka le le tlwaelesegileng mo Aforika bogare kgotsa jaaka savanna e e tlwaelesegileng mo Aforika Botlhaba (Bechuanaland e ne e na le loapi le le mogote, le le omileng mme bontsi jwa naga e e sireleditsweng e okangwe ke [[sekaka sa Kalahari]]). Mongwe wa babegadikgang ba le mmalwa ba a neng a bua le bone e ne e le mmegadikgang wa Moamerika [[Margaret Bourke-White]], yo o neng a kgona go mo tshepa mme a dira tlhamo ya dinepe ka ene ya ''Life''.<ref name=":4" /> Bourke-White o ne a nna tsala ya gagwe e kgolo mme a dira go le gontsi go dira gore a nne a le mo maikutlong a a siameng. Ka go itse gore Ruth Khama ke morati yo mogolo wa [[dikatse]], Bourke-White o ne a mo fa mpho ya dikatse tse pedi, tse Seretse a neng a di raya leina la Boikgogomoso le Kgethololo ka padi e mosadi wa gagwe a e ratang thata.<ref>[[:en:Ruth_Williams_Khama#CITEREFWilliams2006|Williams 2006]], pp. 88–89.</ref> === Go ya lejwa kwa Lontone === Morago ga go amogela tshegetso ya batho kwa Bechuanaland, Seretse o ne a bilediwa kwa Lontone ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano (1950) go tla go buisana le badiredi ba Borithane. Ruth o ne a gakolola monna wa gagwe gore a se ka a ya kwa Lontone, moragonyana a re: "Ke ne ke na le ponelopele ya gore ba tlile go mo baya koo".<ref name=":0" /> Ka nako eo, o ne a imile, mme fa go ka direga gore ngwana wa gagwe e nne mosimane, o ne a batla go mo tsholela kwa Bechuanaland ka gonne ka fa tlase ga ngwao ya Bamangwato kgosi ya isago e tshwanetse go tsholelwa mo mmung wa bone.<ref name=":0" /> Jaaka a ne a belaela, e ne e le tsietso. O ne a thibelwa go boela gae mme a bolelelwa gore o tshwanetse go nna kwa lejwa. Puso ya Borithane, e e neng e eletsa go nna mo ditshegofatsong tse di molemo tsa puso ya Aforika Borwa, e ne ya solofetsa Seretse £1,000 fa a ka dumela go itatola go batla go nna mo setilong sa bogosi; fa a gana, o ne a bolelelwa gore o lelekilwe kwa Bechuanaland dingwaga di le tlhano tse di latelang. Mo thelekeramong e e neng e kwaletswe mosadi wa gagwe, o ne a kwala jaana: "Nna le morafe re tsieditswe ke puso ya Borithane. Ke thibetswe go tsena mo pusong yotlhe ya tshireletso. Ka lorato Seretse".<ref name=":3" /> Ka Ruth a ne a sa bue Setswana mme bontsi jwa basweu ba Bechuanaland ba ne ba mo kgaphela kwa thoko, morago ga gore a kgaogane le monna wa gagwe, o ne a jewa ke bodutu thata ka ditsala tsa gagwe tse dikgolo e le dikatse tsa gagwe tse pedi le morwadie wa lesea fela.<ref>[[:en:Ruth_Williams_Khama#CITEREFWilliams2006|Williams 2006]], p. 120.</ref> Go runya ga Ntwa ya Korea ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le botlhano ka ngwaga sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano (1950) go ne ga oketsa botlhokwa jwa uranium ya Aforika Borwa ka gonne e ne e le poifo e kgolo ya puso ya ga Attlee gore United States e tla kgatlhegela Asia thata ka go latlhegelwa ke Yuropa, e go neng go akanngwa gore e tla koafatsa "sekhurumelo sa dibetsa tsa mmolaowakgailo" sa Amerika.<ref name=":5">[[:en:Ruth_Williams_Khama#CITEREFWilliams2006|Williams 2006]], p. 177.</ref> Puso ya ga Attlee e ne e dumela gore go na le kgonagalo e kgolo ya gore Joseph Stalin o ne a laetse gore Korea Bokone e tlhasele Korea Borwa ka maikaelelo a go tsenya United States mo Asia gore Soviet e tlhasele Yuropa Bophirima. Ka jalo, go ne ga ikutlwa go le botlhokwa thata gore Borithane e nne le dibetsa tsa yone tsa mmolaowakgailo ka bonako jo bo kgonegang, mme seno se ne sa oketsa botlhokwa jwa uranium ya Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":5" /> Ka fa tlase ga molao wa Borithane, manyalo a merafe e e farologaneng a ne a le ka fa molaong, mme maiteko a go (tota) dirisa molao wa Aforika Borwa kgatlhanong le lenyalo la merafe e e farologaneng mo pusong ya tshireletso ya Borithane ka go leleka Ba ga Khama a ne a bonwa e le a a ganetsanang thata; go ne go bonala sentle, ka nako eo, gore e ne e le kgatelelo ya Aforika Borwa e e neng e tsaya tshwetso e.<ref name=":0" /> Kwa Aforika Borwa, lekwalodikgang la bosetšhaba la Maaforikanere la ''[[Die Transvaaler]]'' le ne la bolela jaana mo thulaganyong ya lone, "Fa puso ya Borithane e ne e leka go tshegetsa ka mafoko sefatlhego se se pentilweng sesweu sa kgololesego, e ne ya tshwanelwa ke go amogela ditlhokego tsa ''tlhaolele''".<ref name=":3" /> Mo moeteledipeleng (thulaganyo), ''The Times'' e ne ya bolela jaana, "Ga ba kitla ba tlhotlheletsa maikutlo a setšhaba bonolo fela, a a tsositsweng ka tshiamo, gore go farologana ga maikutlo a letso fa gare ga Kopano [ya Aforika Borwa] le mafelo a Borithane go ka rarabololwa botoka ka go ritibatsa ka tshenyegelo ya tshiamololo ya motho ka namana. Ba tla nna le tiro e e bokete ya go kgaphela kwa thoko go feta e e tla dirang tshenyo go na le temogo".<ref name=":0" /> Maikutlo a setšhaba sa Borithane a ne a le mo letlhakoreng la boora Khama thata le kgatlhanong le puso.<ref>Porter, Mackenzie (15 May 1952). [https://web.archive.org/web/20221122140547/https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1952/5/15/the-ordeal-of-seretse-and-his-white-queen-ruth "The Ordeal of Seretse and his White Queen Ruth"]. Maclean's. Retrieved 28 Lwetse 2025.</ref> Mo nakong eno, go ne ga nna le poelano le rraagwe Ruth, jaaka a ne a amogela tshwetso ya gagwe ya go nyalana le monna wa montsho. Ruth o ne a kopanela le Seretse kwa Enyelane, mme banyalani bano ba ne ba nna e le ba lejwa go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bongwe (1951) kwa [[Croydon]].<ref name=":3" /> [[Winston Churchill]], jaaka moeteledipele wa Kganetso ya Semmuso, o ne a nyatsa thibelo ya ga Seretse Khama e e neng ya bewa ke puso ya Attlee, a e bitsa "kgwebisano e e sa siamang thata". Le fa go ntse jalo, fa a ne a fenya ditlhopho tsa 1951, Churchill o ne a tla swetsa ka gore thibelo e diragadiwe ruri, a bolela gore go boa ga ga Seretse go ne go tla nna kotsi mo tolamong ya setšhaba. Le fa a ne a bolela jalo, go ne ga runya dikhuduego kwa Bechuanaland fa go ne go utlwiwa gore boora-Khama ga ba kitla ba letlwa go boa.<ref name=":3" /> Mo tlhophong kwa Ntlong ya Dikgosi ka ngwaga sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bongwe (1951), maloko a palamente a le makgolo mararo le metso e ferabobedi a ne a tlhopha go baya ba ga Khama kwa lejwa fa maloko a palamente a le makgolo mabedi, masome a ferabobedi le borataro a ne a tlhopha go ba letla go boa.<ref name=":0" /> Go tlhokomelwa gore, Tonakgolo Churchill (yo o neng a buelela kgang ya ga boora-Khama jaaka moeteledipele wa kganetso) ga a ka a bua sepe ka nako ya ditlhopho.<ref name=":0" /> Ka nako ya lejwa la gagwe, Kgosana Seretse o ne a tshwenyega thata mo maikutlong mme, ka 1952, Ruth o ne a bolelela Porter gore "Ka dinako tse dingwe o nna fela fa pele ga molelo a thuthafatsa diatla tsa gagwe le go tlhobaela. O tshwerwe ke bolwetse jwa lumbago ka ntlha ya seemo se. Le fa ke mo rata thata—go feta letsatsi le re nyalaneng ka lone—ga ke kgone go mo tshikinya fa a tsena mo go nngwe ya maikutlo a gagwe a a kwa tlase. Gotlhelele ga go na sepe se se tla mo ntshang mo go one."<ref name=":0" /> === Go boela kwa Bechuanaland === Tshegetso ya batho le go ipelaetsa di ne tsa tswelela kwa Bechuanaland. Banyalani bano ba ne ba letlelelwa go boela morago ka ngwaga sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borataro (1956) morago ga gore batho ba Bamangwato ba romele thelekerama kwa go [[Kgosigadi Elizabeth II]]. Seretse o ne a itatola setilo sa gagwe sa bogosi mme a nna morui wa dikgomo kwa [[Serowe]]. O ne a tlhoma [[Botswana Democratic Party|Bechuanaland Democratic Party]] wa bosetšhaba mme a fenya [[ditlhopho tsa setshaba tsa 1965|ditlhopho tsa setshaba tsa ngwaga sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano(1965)]]. Jaaka [[tonakgolo ya Bechuanaland]], o ne a kgaratlhela boipuso, jo bo neng jwa neelwa ka ngwaga sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966). Seretse Khama o ne a nna [[Tautona wa Botswana|tautona]] wa ntlha wa Botswana yo o ikemetseng mme o ne a nna [[Molaodi wa Motlhabani wa Mokgatlho o o Gaisang wa Puso ya Borithane]]. Mohumagadi Khama e ne e le [[Mohumagadi wa Ntlha]] yo o nang le tlhotlheletso, yo o matlhagatlhaga mo dipolotiking ka nako ya dipaka tse nne tse di latelanang tsa monna wa gagwe jaaka tautona go tloga ka ngwaga sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966) go ya go ngwageng wa ngwaga sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980). == Lelwapa == Lady Khama le monna wa gagwe ba ne ba nna le bana ba le bane. Ngwana wa bone wa ntlha Jacqueline o ne a tsholelwa kwa Bechuanaland ka 1951<sup>[<nowiki/>[[go tlhokega nopolo]]],</sup> ka bonako fela morago ga gore Seretse a isiwe lejwa. Morwa wa bone wa ntlha [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian]] o ne a tsholelwa kwa Enyelane ka 1953, mme mafatlha Anthony le [[Tshekedi Khama II|Tshekedi]] ba ne ba tsholelwa kwa Bechuanaland ka 1958 (Anthony o ne a reelelwa ka [[Tony Benn]], yo ka nako eo a neng a itsege jaaka Anthony Wedgwood Benn, yo o neng a tshegetsa go boa ga bone go tswa kwa lejwa mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1950<ref name=":6" />). O ne a nna mo Botswana morago ga loso lwa monna wa gagwe mo maemong a gagwe ka ngwaga wa 1980, a amogela temogo ya go nna ''"Mohumagadi Mma Kgosi"'' (mmaagwe kgosi, kgotsa [[mmaarona kgosigadi]]). Le fa go ne go na le kganetsano ya bosetšhaba e e neng e amana le kopano ya bone ka dingwaga tsa bo 1940 le bo 1950, banyalani bano ba ne ba sa kgaogane go fitlha a tlhokafala ka ntlha ya kankere ka 1980.<ref>Williams, Susan (7 June 2007). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=a3Wt48ldWm0C&q=died+1980 Colour Bar: The Triumph of Seretse Khama and His Nation]''. Penguin UK. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780141900926|9780141900926]]</bdi>.</ref> Morago ga loso lwa monna wa gagwe, o ne a nna mo polaseng e kgolo kwa Botswana, a neela nako ya gagwe le matsapa a gagwe mo ditirong tsa bopelotshweu le go fetsa nako le bana le bana ba bana ba gagwe.<sup>[<nowiki/>[[go tlhokega nopolo]]]</sup> Barwa ba bone ba le babedi, Ian le Tshekedi, ba fetogile mapolotiki a a tumileng kwa Botswana. [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] o tlhophilwe go nna Tautona wa Botswana ka 2008.<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ipPlDQAAQBAJ&dq=Ian+Khama+2008&pg=PA217 The Statesman's Yearbook 2009: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World]'', B. Turner, Springer, 2017, page 217</ref> == Leso == Lady Khama o tlhokafetse ka ntlha ya kankere ya mometso kwa [[Gaborone]] ka ngwaga wa 2002 a le dingwaga di le masome a supa le boferabobedi, a tlogela bana ba gagwe ba le bane. O fitlhilwe kwa [[Botswana]] go bapa le monna wa gagwe.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":3" /> == Mo go tsa bodiragatsi == Filimi, ''A Marriage of Inconvenience'', e e theilweng mo bukeng ya ga Michael Dutfield e e nang le leina le le tshwanang,<ref>Dutfield, Michael, ''A Marriage of Inconvenience: Persecution of Ruth and Seretse Khama'', HarperCollins, 1990, ISBN 978-0044404958.</ref> e ne ya dirwa ka 1990 ka ga boora-Khama.<ref>Dutfield, Michael, ''[[imdbtitle:0102408|A Marriage of Inconvenience]]'' (Documentary, Drama), TVS Television, retrieved 28 Lwetse 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, go ne ga gatisiwa buka e e bidiwang ''Colour Bar: The Triumph of Seretse Khama and His Nation'', e e kwadilweng ke raditiragalo [[Susan Williams]], ka ga botsalano le dikgaratlho tsa boora-Khama.<ref>[[:en:Melissa_Benn|Benn, Melissa]] (19 August 2006). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/aug/19/biography.shopping "The bride wore black"]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 28 Lwetse 2025.</ref> Filimi e nngwe, ''[[A United Kingdom]]'', e e theilweng mo bukeng ya ga Williams mme e kaelwa ke [[Amma Asante]], e ne ya dirwa ka 2016.<ref name=":7">Kit, Borys (26 May 2015). [http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/belle-filmmaker-direct-david-oyelowo-797981 "'Belle' Filmmaker to Direct David Oyelowo, Rosamund Pike in 'A United Kingdom' (Exclusive)"]. ''[[:en:The_Hollywood_Reporter|The Hollywood Reporter]]''. Retrieved 28 Lwetse 2025.</ref><ref>[[imdbtitle:3387266|"A United Kingdom (2016)"]]. IMDb. Retrieved 28 Lwetse 2025.</ref> Mo go ''A United Kingdom'', Mohumagadi Khama o tshamekiwa ke [[Rosamund Pike]].<ref name=":7" /> Mo godimo ga se, go akanngwa gore maitemogelo a ba ga Khama, mmogo le kgetse e e batlang e le ya segompieno ya lenyalo la motshamiki wa ntlha wa dingwaga tsa bo 1950 [[Peggy Cripps]] le moganetsi wa bokolone wa [[Moaforika]] [[Nana Joe Appiah]], di tlhotlheleditse go kwalwa ga filimi e e gapileng [[Oscar]], ''[[Guess Who's Coming to Dinner]] (1967).''<ref>Brozan, Nadine (16 February 2006). [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/16/world/africa/peggy-appiah-84-author-who-bridged-two-cultures-dies.html "Peggy Appiah, 84, Author Who Bridged Two Cultures, Dies"]. ''The New York Times''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved 28 Lwetse 2025.</ref> == Dibuka le mekwalo == * Dutfield, Michael (1990). ''A Marriage of Inconvenience: The Persecution of Ruth and Seretse Khama''. London: Unwin-Hyman. ISBN 163168101X * Williams, Susan (2006). ''Colour Bar: The Triumph of Seretse Khama and His Nation''. London: Penguin. ISBN 0713998113 == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Ba ba tshotsweng ka 1923]] [[Karolo:Ba ba tlhokafetseng ka 2002]] [[Karolo:Batswana ba makgoa]] [[Karolo:Mapolotiki a Botswana De]] [[Karolo:Dintsho tsa kankere mo Botswana]] [[Karolo:Ba ba tlhokafetseng]] k7ldoqe3nrg9za4xv0bp04qiikr4z0u Mompati Merafhe 0 4302 52372 47380 2026-07-12T13:18:35Z Lucrucia98 12161 52372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious biography|name=Mompati Sebogodi Merafhe|religion=Christian|image=Mompati Merafhe 071203-F-9074R-083 0YE9L.jpg|predecessor1=Ian Khama|successor1=Ponatshego Kedikilwe|office1=1 April 2008- 31 June 2012|caption=6th Vice President of Botswana|birth_date=6 June 1936|nationality=Motswana|death_date=7 January 2015|death_place=[[Gaborone]], Botswana|term_end2=1 April 2008|term_start2=25 October 1994|successor2=[[Phandu Skelemani]]|predecessor2=[[Gaositwe K. T. Chiepe]]|order=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Botswana)|Minister of Foreign Affairs of Botswana]] 6th [[Vice President of Botswana]]|party=[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]]}} '''Lt. Gen. Mompati Sebogodi Merafhe''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola malatsi a le marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borataro (1936).Ene ele moeteledipele wa sepolotiki mono Botswana gape ele [[:en:Vice-President_of_Botswana|mothusa tautona]] wa lefatshe la Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012).E ne ele [[:en:Lieutenant-General|lieutenant general]] wa bogologolo gape e [[:en:Foreign_minister|Tona wa tsa mafatshe a sele]] go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone (1994)<ref>[http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2041_94.htm ELECTIONS HELD IN 1994], Inter-Parliamentary Union</ref> go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008). == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Merafhe o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le borataro kwa [[Serowe]] ka ngwaga wa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borataro (1936).<ref name=":0">Merafhe, M. S. (2015). ''The General: In the Service of My Country: the Autobiography of Mompati Sebogodi Merafhe''. Diamond Educational Publishers</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.weekendpost.co.bw/25862/columns/remembering-general-mompati-merafhe/ Remembering General Mompati Merafhe".] ''Weekend Post''. 22 December 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2022.</ref>Morago ga go amogela thuto ya gagwe ya sekontari kwa Moeng College, Merafhe o ne a tsenela Sepodisi sa Basireletsi ba Bechuanaland jaaka ene e bidiwa jalo ka nako eo ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro (1960) mme ka iketlo a tlhatloga ka maemo.<ref name=":1" />Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bongwe (1971) o ne a nna molaodi wa Yuniti ya Selulafouno ya Sepodisi, a nna moagi wa ntlha go nna mo maemong a a ntseng jalo.<ref name=":1" />Fa Botswana a ne a bopa [[:en:Botswana_Defense_Force|sesole sa Botswana]] (BDF) ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa (1977), Merafhe o ne a tlhophiwa ke Tautona [[Seretse Khama|Sir Seretse Khama]] go nna molaodi wa sone wa ntlha mo maemong a Major-General. O ne a tlhatlosiwa kwa Molefetenenteng-Kakaretso ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borataro (1986).<ref name=":1" /> Merafhe e ne e le molaodi yo o tlotlegang thata wa BDF, a dirisana mmogo le [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] molaodi wa gagwe wa bobedi go tlhabolola bokgoni jwa yone jwa go nna mapodisi a melelwane, go thibela go tsoma ga ditsompelo tsa diphologolo tsa naga, le go tlhoma lekala la mowa.Ka ntlha ya katlego ya gagwe mo go ageng BDF e e sa ntseng e simolola go nna sesole se se nang le matswela le se se tlotlegang, Tautona [[Quett Masire|Quitt Masire]] o ne a swetsa ka go mo gogela mo dipolotiking ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1989). Masire o ne a leba Merafhe jaaka motlhatlhami yo o ka nnang le bokgoni, mme go nna le seabe mo go tsweleleng pele ga mojenerale wa pele di ntweng tsa lekoko go ne go raya gore o ne a tlolwa ke bothusatautona ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992).<ref name=":1" /> Magareng ga ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1995) le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi (2002), Merafhe o ne a dira jaaka leloko la Neteweke ya Ditshwanelo tsa Botho tsa Palamente le Setlhopha sa Tiro sa Ditona tsa Kgweranoditšhaba (CMAG).<ref name=":1" /> O ne a tlhophiwa la ntlha mo Komiting ya Bogare ya Lekoko la [[Botswana Democratic Party|Botswana la Democratic]] (BDP) ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le motso (1991) mme a nna mo lekokong go fitlhelela bolwetse jwa gagwe bo mo pateletsa go rola tiro ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012).<ref name=":0" />Morago ga go tlhophiwa ka tsela e e kgethegileng ka ngwaga sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1989), Merafhe o ne a nna Leloko la Palamente la [[Mahalapye]] Bophirima mo [[:en:1994_Botswana_general_election|ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone (1994)]]. O ne a tlhophiwa lekgetlo la boraro mo [[:en:2004_Botswana_general_election|ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa phalane]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone (2004), a amogela tlhopho di le 5,429 kgatlhanong le 1,664 wa ga Abigail Mogalakwe wa [[:en:Botswana_National_Front|Botswana National Front]] (BNF) le makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le botlhano mo go Thomas Ookeditse wa Lekoko la [[:en:Botswana_Congress_Party|Botswana Congress Party]] (BCP).<ref>[http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20041110 Merafhe thanks Mahalapye electorate"] [http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20041110 Archived] 2005-02-10 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], BOPA, 10 November 2004</ref>Kwa ntle ga go dira jaaka Tona ya Dinaga di Sele, gape o ne a dira paka jaaka Tona ya Merero ya ga Tautona le Tsamaiso ya Setšhaba.<ref name=":0" /> Fa [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] a ne a tsaya maemo a go nna Tautona ka kgwedi ya Moranang e rogwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008), o ne a tlhoma Merafhe go nna Mothusa-Tautona Merafhe o ne a amogelwa jaaka Mothusa-Tautona ke Palamente ka letsatsi le le lengwe, a amogela tlhopho di le masome a mane le boferabobedi mo go tse masome a matlhano le borataro, go se na tlhopho tse di kgatlhanong le, ditlhopho tse pedi tse di senyegileng, le go sa tlhokomele ga di le thataro; o ne a ikanisiwa ka bonako.<ref name=":0" />Ka lone letsatsi leo, Khama o ne a tlhalosetsa BDP caucus gore ga a ikaelela gore Merafhe a feleletse a mo tlhatlhama jaaka Tautona; o ne a akanya gore kgabagare o tla fetola Merafhe ka Mothusa-Tautona yo mongwe yo o tla tlhatlhamang Khama ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018).<ref>Gideon Nkala, "[http://www.mmegi.bw/2008/April/Wednesday2/128.php VP Merafhe will not be President" Archived] 2008-04-05 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], ''Mmegi Online'', 2 April 2008</ref>Merafhe ga a ka a newa photefolio ya tona jaaka Mothusa-Tautona, le fa go ne go akantshiwa gore a ka nna a newa tiro ya go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga porojeke mo ditoneng.<ref>[http://www.mmegi.bw/2008/April/Wednesday2/129.php "Khama fires five ministers"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20171001212957/http://www.mmegi.bw/2008/April/Wednesday2/129.php Archived] 2017-10-01 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], ''Mmegi Online'', 2 April 2008.</ref> Merafhe o ne a nyetse ebile o ne a na le bana ba le batlhano.<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga [[:en:2008_Zimbabwean_presidential_election|tikologo ya bobedi ya ditlhopho tsa boporesidente tsa Zimbabwe]] ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008), Merafhe o ne a re ditlhopho di ne di na le diphoso le gore Zimbabwe e tshwanetse go thibelwa go nna le seabe mo dipuisanong tsa kgaolo.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7484165.stm "Botswana denounces Mugabe victory"]. BBC. 1 July 2008. Retrieved 1 July 2008.</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009), o ne a tlhomiwa mo Komiting ya Bogare ya BDP ke Tautona Khama; e ne e le mongwe wa batho ba le batlhano ba ba neng ba tlhomilwe mo mmeleng oo ke Khama.<ref>Ryder Gabathuse[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=2&dir=2009/July/Thursday23 , "Khama rebuffs Kwelagobe and Motswaledi?]", ''Mmegi Online'', 23 July 2009.</ref> Merafhe o ne a rola tiro ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mararo le bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012) mme Ponatshego Kedikilwe a ikanisiwa go tla go mo tlhatlhama jaaka Mothusa-Tautona ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e rogwa.<ref>[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=192&dir=2012/August/Thursday2 "Kedikilwe sworn in as Vice President" Archived] 22 December 2014 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], Mmegi, volume 29, number 113, 2 August 2012</ref>O tlhokafetse mo mosong wa kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi ale bosupa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015) a le dingwaga di le masome a le bosupa le boferabobedi morago ga dingwaga di le dintsi a na le mathata a botsogo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150107125240/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=16766 "General Merafhe passes on"], Botswana Daily News Online, 7 January 2015</ref> === Setswantsho === [[Setshwantsho:Mr Sebogodi Mompati Merafhe, Major general of the national defence forc (Source Kutlwano 1977).jpg|thumb|Major General wa Pele wa Botswana Defence Force.jpg|left|157x157px]] == Diawate le ditlotla == * Botswana highest honour dubbed Naledi ya Botswana in 2011.<ref>Ryder Gabathuse, ''The Voice Online'', 7 October 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171007220544/http://thevoicebw.com/rest-peace-lt-gen-merafhe-1936-2015/ Archived] 7 October 2017 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> == '''Metswedi''' == <references /> == Tse di kwa ntle == https://www.un.org/webcast/ga/61/pdfs/botswana-e.pdf [[Category:Botswana]] [[Karolo:Mapolotiki a Botswana]] [[Karolo:Mapolotiki a Botswana Democratic Party]] [[Karolo:Matona a puso ya Botswana]] [[Karolo:Batho ba Serowe]] [[Karolo:Dintsho tsa 2015]] [[Karolo:Ditsholo tsa 1936]] [[Karolo:Bathusa tautona ba Botswana]] 04ute7cvryfzwmco3km294c67k1v0yh Ponatshego Kedikilwe 0 8562 52370 51123 2026-07-12T12:59:17Z Lucrucia98 12161 52370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Ponatshego Kedikilwe|image=Ponatshego Kedikilwe (cropped 3x4).jpg|order=7th [[Vice President of Botswana]]|predecessor=[[Mompati Merafhe]]|successor=[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]|president=[[Ian Khama]]|term_start=31 July 2012|term_end=12 November 2014|order2=[[Minister of Finance (Botswana)|Minister of Finance]]|predecessor2=[[Festus Mogae]]|successor2=[[Baledzi Gaolathe]]|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1938|7|7}}|birth_place=[[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]], now ([[Botswana]])|order3=Minister of Minerals, Energy, and Water Resources of Botswana|president3=[[Festus Mogae]], [[Ian Khama]]|term_end2=1999|term_end3=?|term_start2=1998|term_start3=January 2007|image_size=150px}} '''Ponatshego Honorius Kefaeng Kedikilwe''' ke lepolotiki mo [[Botswana]], o a kileng a nna [[Mothusa Tautona wa Botswana|mothusa tautona]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012) go tsena ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014). O tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le malatsi a supa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borobabobedi (1938). Ke leloko la phathi e e neng e busang ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP), o kile a bereka gape e le tona wa meepo, kgotleetso le metsi go tswa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007). == Tiro == Rre Kedikilwe o ne a tlhongwa jaaka Mothusa Motsamaisi yo o simolotseng Botswana Open University (BOU) e pele e neng e le Botswana College of Open and Distance Learning (BOCODOL) ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018).<ref>Bothoko, Pini (25 January 2018). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/open-learning-is-the-alternative-kedikilwe/news "Open learning is the alternative - Kedikilwe"]. ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 20 Phalane 2025.</ref> Gape e ne e le leloko la boto ya Sefalana Holdings, a ba kopanela ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014),<ref name=":1">Reporter, Sunday Standard (15 October 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250913142146/https://www.sundaystandard.info/former-vice-president-kedikilwe-steps-down-from-sefalana-board/ "Former Vice President Kedikilwe steps down from Sefalana board | Sunday Standard"]. Retrieved 20 Phalane 2025.</ref> moragonyana a nna modulasetilo wa boto. O rotse tiro mo maemong ao ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020).<ref name=":1" /> == Tiro ya sepolotiki == Kedikilwe o tsene dikolo tse di latelang; Kikuyu College of social studies, [[University of East Africa,]] [[Nairobi]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le boraro (1963) go tsena ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bone (1964), [[University of Rochester]] kwa [[New York]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bone (1964 )go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano (1965), [[University of Connecticut]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano (1965) go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borobabobedi (1968), [[Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs]] le [[Syracuse University]].<ref>editor, Online (6 August 2012). [https://www.sundaystandard.info/parliament-endorses-kedikilwe-as-vp/ "Parliament endorses Kedikilwe as VP | Sunday Standard"].Retrieved 20 Phalane 2025. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)</ref> O ne a tlhophiwa e le lantlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone (1984) go nna mopalamente wa [[Mmadinare]], a nna [[tona wa tsa madi]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998) go tsena ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1999).<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20221118092735/https://www.finance.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=102 "About Us - Ministry of Finance"]''</ref> Kedikilwe o berekile e le modulasetilo wa BDP go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003). Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] o ne a gaisa Kedikilwe fa a ne a tlhophiwa go nna modulasetilo wa [[Botswana Democratic Party]] kwa bokopanong jwa sepolotiki jo bo neng bo tshwerwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003),ka kgwedi ya Phukwi a le masome a mabedi le bobedi. Khama o ne a bona ditalama di le makgolo a matlhano lesome le bobedi, fa Kedikilwe ene a ne a bona di le makgolo a mabedi lesome le borobabongwe.<ref name=":0">[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=45114 "Botswana: Khama win eases Mogae's concerns"], IRIN, 23 July 2003.</ref><ref>"Botswana: Vice-president wins ruling party chairmanship", ''Business Day'', Johannesburg, 22 July 2003.</ref> Khama o ne a engwe nokeng ke Tautona wa pele [[Festus Mogae]],<ref>"Botswana: President Mogae defends decision to back Khama for party chairmanship", Radio Botswana, 19 June 2003.</ref> mme phenyo ya gagwe ya bo ele botlhokwa thata ka e ne e tlhagolela Khama tsela gore a tlhatlhame Mogae go nna tautona ya lefatshe.<ref name=":0" /> Kedikilwe o ne a tlhomiwa go nna tona wa tsa meepo, kgotletso le metsi ka Ferikgong ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007).<ref>[http://www.economist.com/node/8597296 "Botswana's cabinet reshuffle"], ''The Economist'', 25 January 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20100112&i=SefhophePhikwe_highway_still_in_plan_Kedikilwe Daily News (Government of Botswana). 2010-01-12]</ref> Mothusa tautona [[Mompati Sebogodi Merafhe|Mompati Merafhe]] o ne a ithola marapo ka bogodi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012), ka kgwedi ya Phukwi a le malatsi a le masome a mararo le motso. Tautona Ian Khama a tlhopha Kedikilwe go nna mothusa tautona ka Phatwe a tlhola gangwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012), mme mapalamente a le masome a mararo le borobabobedi a dumalana le mogopolo o ka go tlhopha, fa ba le lesome le motso ba ne ba seka ba tlhopha. Kedikilwe o ne a tlhomiwa mo setilong ka lone letsatsi leo. Puso e ne ya tlhalosa fa Kedikilwe a tla tswelela a ntse a le tona ya meepo, kgotletso le metsi.<ref>[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=192&dir=2012/August/Thursday2 "Kedikilwe sworn in as Vice President"], Mmegi, volume 29, number 113, 2 August 2012.</ref> Morago ga ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014) tsa sechaba, Khama o ne a tlhopha [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]] go nna mothusa tautona ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e le lesome le bobedi.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411130254.html "Parliament Endorses Masisi As VP"], BOPA, 12 November 2014.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="3" |Diofisi tsa sepolotiki |- |Yo o fetileng pele [[:en:Mompati_Merafhe|Mompati Merafhe]] |[[:en:Vice-President_of_Botswana|Mothusa tautona wa Botswana]] 2012 - 2014 |A tlhatlhamiwa ke [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]] |}[[Setshwantsho:Ponatshego Kedikilwe 2.jpg|thumb|Rre Ponatshego Kedikilwe|left|327x327px]] [[Setshwantsho:Ponatshego Kedikilwe 7.jpg|thumb|270x270px]] [[Setshwantsho:Ponatshego Kedikilwe 4.jpg|thumb|center|277x277px]] == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Moithuti wa Sekoloesa Maxwell]] [[Karolo:Botswana Democratic Party]] [[Karolo:Gonna wa tsa Kgotetso wa Botswana]] [[Karolo:Gonna wa tsa Madi wa lefatshe la Botswana]] [[Karolo:Mothusa tautona wa lefatshe la Botswana batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Matsalo a 1938]] [[Karolo:Leloko la National Assembly]] [[Karolo:Bo toma ba tsa metsi ba lefatshe la Botswana]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] <references /> == Dilinki tse di kwa ntle == i78y08q9frc31toyg942bcxokoxf05f Kgalagadi Breweries Limited 0 8938 52387 52272 2026-07-13T01:14:49Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52387 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kgalagadi Breweries (Pty) Limited''' ke badiri ba bojalwa ba ba kwa [[Gaborone]], kwa lefatsheng la Botswana. Ba dira bojalwa Jwa biri ya lager, biri ya setso, metsi a a mo mabotlolong le dinotsididi ka teseletso. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191214104709/https://www.bse.co.bw/listed_companies/listed.php?company=SECHABA "Sechaba Brewery Holdings Limited]". BSE. Retrieved 2014-03-06.</ref>Lefelo la go ritela le simolotse jaaka Prinz Brau, ka maina a mabedi, Prinz Brau le Prinz Deluxe. {{Infobox company|name=Kgalagadi Breweries (Pty) Limited|logo=Kgalagadi Breweries Limited logo.png|trading_name='''KBL'''|company_type=[[Private company]]|industry=[[Brewing]], Beverage|predecessor=Prinz Brau Botswana<ref>{{cite web|url=http://minetravel.co.bw/?p=1213|title=Kgalagadi Breweries celebrates 40 years of brewing excellence|date=15 May 2013|access-date=28 January 2014}}</ref>|founded={{start date and age|1970}}|revenue=[[Botswana Pula|BWP]] 1,74 billion<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sundaystandard.info/article.php?NewsID=17088 |title=Sechaba Brewery defies odds as revenues go up 11.6 percent |publisher=Sunday Standard |date=10 June 2013 |access-date=27 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410081757/http://www.sundaystandard.info/article.php?NewsID=17088 |archive-date=10 April 2015 }}</ref>|website=[http://www.sabmiller.com/about-us/where-we-operate/#q=BW&id=9033f971-2c9d-6131-b545-ff00002059a6&type=Country KBL on SABMiller]|key_people=Batlang Mmualefe - [[Chairman]] <br/> Johan de Kok - [[CEO]]|num_locations=1 Brewery,<br/> 4 Sorghum breweries,<br/> 1 Soft-drink plant.}} == Nako e e beilweng ya kgwebo == * 1960s - Botswana Breweries Limited e simolotse kwa Francistown go dira biri ya setso ya Chibuku. * 1970s - Sechaba Brewery Holdings Limited (SBHL) e tlhomiwa go nna le dipeeletso mo lephateng la dino. * 1977 - SAB e reka taolo ya tsamaiso ya KBL (40% ya seabo sa tekatekano). KBL e simolola go tsenya dikhemikale tsa Coca-Cola mo dibotlolong. * 1989 - SBHL e kwadilwe mo Botswana Stock Exchange. * 1995 - Go agiwa mogala o mosha wa go tsenya dino tse di tsididi mo mabotlolong kwa Gaborone. * 2009 - KBL e simolola St Louis Export. * 2013 - Botswana Breweries Ltd e kopantswe le KBL.<ref>[http://www.sabmiller.com/index.asp?pageid=1153 "About us - Where we operate - Africa - Botswana - Overview"]. SABMiller. Retrieved 2014-03-06</ref> == Botswana Breweries Limited == Botswana Breweries e na le dijalo di le nne kwa Lobatse, Gaborone, Palapye le Francistown. Dikuno tseno di akaretsa * biri ya setso e e seng phepa ya Chibuku, e e dirilweng ka sorghum le mmidi * Phafana (biri e e sa bonaleng) * senô se se senang bojalwa Keone Mooka Mageu Go phuthela dikumo go akaretsa lebokoso le le tlhamaletseng le le nang le sekurufu se se kwa godimo sa litara e le nngwe, lebokoso la 750ml le motswako wa metsi. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140306155503/http://www.globalvillagedirectory.info/Botswana/Gaborone/KBL-and-BBL.aspx "KBL and BBL, Kgalagadi Breweries, KBL, Botswana Breweries Limited, BBL, Brewery, SABMiller"]. Globalvillagedirectory.info. Archived from the original on 2014-03-06. Retrieved 2014-03-06.</ref> == Boikarabelo == Ditshwanelo tsa Kgalagadi Breweries Limited ke tse di ikemetseg ka nosi . Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le masome a mararo le bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012) go ne go na le dišere tse di neng di le teng mo khampaning jaaka go bontshitswe mo tafoleng e e fa tlase:<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924093308/http://www.sabmiller.com/docs/default-source/investor-documents/reports/2012/financial-reports/annual-report-sbh-2012.pdf?sfvrsn=4 "Sechaba Brewery Holdings Limited 2012 Annual Report"] (PDF). ''SAB Miller''. Sechaba Brewery Holdings Limited. December 31, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2015. Retrieved October 15, 2014.</ref> == Metswedi == lvv352di3502jq61mrqpo0vhykr20xw Bambanani Mbane 0 9584 52385 51476 2026-07-12T23:48:35Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|name=Bambanani Mbane|image=Bambanani Mbane Rio2016.jpg|caption=Mbane with [[South Africa women's national football team|South Africa]] in 2016|full_name=Bambanani Nolufefe Mbane|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=y|1990|3|12}}|birth_place=[[Sterkspruit]], South Africa<ref name=prof>[http://www.sasolinsport.com/banyana/player-profiles/bambanani-nolufefe-%E2%80%9Cjuice%E2%80%9D-mbane Bambanani Nolufefe “Juice” Mbane]. sasolinsport.com</ref>|height=1.62m<ref>[https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/bambanani-mbane Bambanani Mbane] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922214017/https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/bambanani-mbane |date=22 September 2016 }}. rio2016.com</ref>|position=[[Midfielder]], [[Defender (soccer)|defender]]<ref>[http://results.nbcolympics.com/athletes/athlete=mbane-bambanani-1056486/index.html Bambanani Mbane]. nbcolympics.com</ref>|currentclub=[[Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]]|clubnumber=12|clubs1=[[Bloemfontein Celtic F.C.]]|clubs2=[[FC Dinamo Minsk|Dinamo Minsk]]|years2=2020|caps2=1|goals2=0|clubs3=[[Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]]|years3=2021–|club-update=20 July 2023 (prior the [[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup]])|medaltemplates={{Medal|Country|{{fba|South Africa}}}} {{Medal|Comp|[[Women's Africa Cup of Nations]]}} {{Medal|1st|[[2022 Women's Africa Cup of Nations|2022 Morocco]]|}} {{Medal|2nd|[[2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations|2018 Ghana]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[CAF Women's Champions League]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2021 CAF Women's Champions League|2021 Egypt]]|}} {{MedalSilver|[[2022 CAF Women's Champions League|2022 Morocco]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[COSAFA Women's Champions League]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2021 COSAFA Women's Champions League|2021 South Africa]]|}} {{MedalSilver|[[2022 COSAFA Women's Champions League|2022 South Africa]]|}}|image_size=240px|nationalteam1=[[South Africa women's national soccer team|South Africa]]|nationalyears1=2016–|nationalcaps1=81|nationalgoals1=4}} '''Bambanani Nolufefe Mbane''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Mopitlo a le lesome le bobedi ka 1990) ke motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao wa moAforika Borwa yo o tshamekang kwa morago mo setlhopheng sa SAFA Women's League sa [[Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] le sa setshaba sa bomme sa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170919173348/http://www.sasolinsport.com/banyana/player-profiles/bambanani-nolufefe-%E2%80%9Cjuice%E2%80%9D-mbane Bambanani Nolufefe “Juice” Mbane]. sasolinsport.com</ref> == Tiro ya setlhopha == '''<big>Bloemfontein Celtics Ladies</big>''' E ne e le leloko la setlhopha sa Bloemfontein Celtics Ladies se se neng sa fenya SAFA Women's League ka tatelano ka ditlha tsa 2016 le 2017.<ref name=":0">"[https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/sport/mbanes-the-celtic-ladies-secret-weapon-20171212 Mbane's the Celtic Ladies secret weapon]". ''Daily Sun''. Retrieved 11 November 2023.</ref><ref name=":1">SAFA (11 December 2016). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20190820030605/https://gsport.co.za/bloem-celtic-crowned-sasol-league-2016-champs/ Bloem Celtic Crowned SASOL League 2016 Champs]". ''gsport4girls''. Retrieved 11 November 2023.</ref><ref name=":2">tsholofelomosina (11 December 2017). "[https://alexnews.co.za/108962/bloemfontein-celtic-ladies-sasol-womens-league-champions/ Bloemfontein Celtic Ladies are Sasol Women's League champions again]". ''Alex News''. Retrieved 11 November 2023.</ref> O ne a bidiwa kgosigadi ya kgaisano ka 2017.<ref name=":0" /> '''<big>Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies</big>''' Ka 2021, Mbane a ya kwa [[Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] kwa South Africa ebile e ne e le karolo ya setlhopha se se neng sa fenya CAF Women's Champions League ya 2021 sa bo sa tsaya maemo a bobedi mo CAF Women's Champions League ya 2022. O ne a bidiwa mo Hollywoodbets Super League: Motshameki wa setlha sa 2021 abo a tsena mo setlhopheng sa ngwaga (ba ba gaisang ba ba lesome le motso).<ref>Malepa, Tiisetso (27 March 2022). "[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/soccer/2022-03-27-sundowns-ladies-win-big-at-inaugural-hollywoodbets-super-league-awards/ Sundowns Ladies win big at inaugural Hollywoodbets Super League awards]". ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 10 November 2023.</ref><ref>Kganakga, Tlamelo (28 March 2022). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20240526115337/https://gsport.co.za/hbsl-honours-top-2021-22-season-performers/ HBSL Honours Top 2021/22 Season Performers]". ''gsport4girls''. Retrieved 11 November 2023.</ref> O ne a nopolwa mo tlotleng ya CAF Women Interclub ya motshameki wa ngwaga ya 2021 le ya CAF Women ya motshameki wa ngwaga wa 2021.<ref>Ntsoelengoe, Tshepo (6 July 2022). "[https://www.citizen.co.za/sport/soccer/local-soccer/sundowns-caf-awards-nominees/ Sundowns, Banyana players dominate Caf awards]". ''The Citizen''. Retrieved 14 November 2023</ref> O ne a phutlha setlha seo ka go bidiwa South African Football Journalists' Association (Safja): motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao ya bomme wa ngwaga wa 2021.<ref>Times, iDiski (23 February 2022). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20240324120009/https://www.idiskitimes.co.za/local/mbane-wins-safja-womens-footballer-of-the-year/ Mbane Wins SAFJA Women's Footballer Of The Year]". ''iDiski Times''. Retrieved 24 March 2024.</ref> Ka 2022 o ne a tsenngwa mo go ba ba lesome le motso ba ba gaisang ba CAF Women’s Champions League ya 2022 le ba ba lesome le motso ba ba gaisang ba Women's Africa Cup of Nations.<ref name=":3">"[https://www.cafonline.com/caf-womens-africa-cup-of-nations/news/caf-announces-totalenergies-women-s-afcon-2022-best-xi/ CAF announces TotalEnergies Women's AFCON 2022 Best XI]". ''CAF''. 26 July 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2023.</ref> Ka 2023 o ne a tsenngwa mo go ba ba lesome le motso ba Aforika mo go bomme e e neng ya begiwa kwa CAF Awards tsa 2023.<ref>"[https://www.cafonline.com/news/osimhen-oshoala-named-african-men-s-and-women-s-player-of-the-year-at-the-caf-awards-2023/ Osimhen, Oshoala named African Men's and Women's Player of the Year at the CAF Awards 2023]". ''CAF''. 12 November 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2023.</ref> == Tiro ya ditshabatshaba == Mbane o gaisantse le setlhopha sa setshaba sa bomme sa kgwele ya dinao sa Aforika Borwa kwa Africa Women Cup of Nations ka 2018 kwa ba feditseng mo maemong a bobedi.<ref>"[https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46414687 Nigeria win 2018 Women's Africa Cup of Nations]". ''BBC Sport''. Retrieved 24 March 2024.</ref> O ne a leloko la setlhopha sa Aforika Borwa sa bomme sa kgwele ya dinao kwa Women's Africa Cup of Nations ka 2022 kwa ba fentse bommampodi ja kontinente ja bone ja ntlha le kwa sejaneng sa lefatshe sa bomme sa FIFA sa 2023 kwa ba feletseng kwa go tsa bofelo tse lesome le borataro.<ref>"[https://www.cafonline.com/caf-womens-africa-cup-of-nations/news/magaia-brace-hands-south-africa-first-wafcon-trophy/ magaia-brace-hands-south-africa-first-wafcon-trophy]". ''CAF''. 29 June 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2024.</ref> == Botshelo ja gagwe == Ka 2019 o ne a nyala Tsholofelo Makgaleme morago ga go ratana dikgwedi tse tharo.<ref>Sekudu, Bonolo. "[https://www.news24.com/life/relationships/love/relationship/love-story-how-tsholo-mbane-and-banyana-banyana-defender-bambanani-pitched-for-love-20230921-2 Love story: How Tsholo Mbane and Banyana Banyana defender Bambanani pitched for love]". ''Life''. Retrieved 9 November 2023.</ref> == Ditlotla == '''Club''' * SAFA Women's League: 2016,<ref name=":1" /> 2017,<ref name=":2" /> 2021, 2022, 2023 * CAF Women's Champions League: 2021 maemo a bobedi: 2022 '''South Africa''' * Women's Africa Cup of Nations: 2022,<ref>"[https://www.cafonline.com/caf-womens-africa-cup-of-nations/news/magaia-brace-hands-south-africa-first-wafcon-trophy/ Magaia brace hands South Africa first TotalEnergies WAFCON trophy]". ''CAF''. 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.</ref> maemo a bobedi: 2018 '''Individual''' * SAFA Queen of the Tournament: 2017 * SAFA Queen of Queens: 2017 * Hollywoodbets Super League Player of the Season: 2021 * 2021 South African Football Journalists' Association (Safja): Women's footballer of the year * Women's Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament: 2022<ref name=":3" /> * IFFHS CAF Women's Team of The Year: 2022<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230319191838/https://www.iffhs.com/posts/2490 IFFHS Women's CAF Team 2022]". ''The International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS)''. 31 January 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.</ref> * Women's Africa XI: 2023 == Metswedi == 2h8ffaaatr3aysz10rcopeicw981hqt Andile Dlamini 0 9604 52384 51993 2026-07-12T23:38:38Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|name=Andile Dlamini|image=Andile dlamini and coach marks.jpg|medaltemplates={{Medal|Country|{{fba|South Africa}}}} {{Medal|Comp|[[Women's Africa Cup of Nations]]}} {{Medal|2nd|[[2012 African Women's Championship|2012 Equatorial Guinea]]|}} {{Medal|2nd|[[2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations|2018 Ghana]]|}} {{Medal|1st|[[2022 Women's Africa Cup of Nations|2022 Morocco]]|}}|nationalteam-update=20 July 2023 (prior the [[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup]])|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=y|1992|9|2}}|birth_place=[[Tembisa]], South Africa|position=[[Goalkeeper (soccer)|Goalkeeper]]|currentclub=[[Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]]|clubnumber=32|clubs1=[[Phomolong Ladies]]|years2=2010–|nationalteam1=[[South Africa women's national soccer team|South Africa]]|nationalyears1=2011–|nationalcaps1=69|nationalgoals1=0}} '''Andile ‘Sticks’ Dlamini''' (yo o tshotsweng Lwetse a le malatsi mabedi ka 1992) ke motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao wa Aforika Borwa yo o tshamekang e le motshwaradino kwa setlhopheng sa SAFA Women's League sa [[Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] le setlhopha sa bomme sa setshaba sa Aforika Borwa. == Botshelo ja pele == Andile Dlamini o tshotswe ka Lwetse a tlhola gabedi ka 1992 kwa Thembisa, toropo ya kwa Johannesburg, Afrika Borwa.<ref name=":0">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20180804131048/http://www.sasolinsport.co.za/banyana/player-profiles/andile-%E2%80%9Csticks%E2%80%9D-dlamini Andile "Sticks" Dlamini]". Sasol in Sport. Archived from [http://www.sasolinsport.co.za/banyana/player-profiles/andile-%E2%80%9Csticks%E2%80%9D-dlamini the original] on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 17 November 2016.</ref> == Tiro ya setlhopha == Andile Dlamini o simolotse kgwele ya dinao e e porofeshionale fa a sena go tshameka kgatlhanong le setlhopha sa bomme sa Aforika Borwa sa kgwele ya dinao sa under-20; gotswa foo a tlhophiwa mo setlhopheng seo.<ref name=":1">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20161118040613/http://www.sasolinsport.co.za/banyana/news/q-sasol-banyana-banyana%E2%80%99s-andile-dlamini Q & A with Sasol Banyana Banyana's Andile Dlamini]". Sasol in Sport. 29 April 2016. Archived from [http://www.sasolinsport.co.za/banyana/news/q-sasol-banyana-banyana%E2%80%99s-andile-dlamini the original] on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016.</ref> A retiwa ka "Sticks", o tshamekile kwa Phomolong Ladies.<ref name=":0" /> '''<big>Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies</big>''' Dlamini o ile kwa Sundowns Ladies ka 2010. Ka Lwetse wa 2021 e ne e leloko la setlhopha se se neng sa fenya Cosafa Women's Champions League ya 2021.<ref>Motshwane, Gomolemo. "[https://www.news24.com/citypress/sport/sundowns-ladies-edge-closer-to-a-caf-star-20210904 Sundowns Ladies edge closer to a CAF star]". ''City Press''. Retrieved 29 December 2023.</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele wa 2021 ba ne ba fenya CAF Women's Champions League ya ntlhantlha.<ref>"[https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/caf-womens-champions-league-mamelodi-sundowns-beat-ghanaian-side-hasaacas-to-rule-africa/bltf4ee16212cc29ff3 Caf Women's Champions League: Mamelodi Sundowns beat Hasaacas to rule Africa | Goal.com South Africa]". ''www.goal.com''. 20 November 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2023.</ref> Dlamini o ne a fiwa tlotla ya motshwaradino wa kgaisano ebile a tsena mo setlhopheng sa kgaisano.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20211121120846/https://www.cafonline.com/caf-women-champions-league/news/caf-tsg-releases-the-best-xi-of-totalenergies-caf-women-s-champions-league CAF TSG releases the Best XI of TotalEnergies CAF Women's Champions League | CAFOnline.com]". 21 November 2021. Archived from [https://www.cafonline.com/caf-women-champions-league/news/caf-tsg-releases-the-best-xi-of-totalenergies-caf-women-s-champions-league the original] on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2023.</ref> Ka Phatlwe wa 2022 setlhopha se ne sa bona maemo a bobedi mo Cosafa Women's Champions League ya 2022.<ref>"[https://cosafa.com/green-buffaloes-stun-mamelodi-sundowns-to-win-regional-title/ EN, FR, PR: Green Buffaloes stun Mamelodi Sundowns to win regional title]". 13 August 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2023.</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele wa 2022 ba ne ba bona maemo a bobedi mo CAF Women's Champions League ya 2022.<ref>Abrahams, Celine (14 November 2022). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20250331142941/https://gsport.co.za/asfar-crowned-2022-caf-womens-champions-league-winners/ ASFAR Crowned 2022 CAF Women's Champions League Winners]". ''gsport4girls''. Retrieved 10 November 2023.</ref> Ka Lwetse wa 2023 ba ne ba fenya Cosafa Women's Champions League ya 2023, Dlamini a fenya motshwaradino wa kgaisano.<ref>"[https://cosafa.com/mamelodi-sundowns-qualify-for-caf-womens-champions-league-finals/ EN, FR, PR: Mamelodi Sundowns qualify for CAF Women's Champions League finals]". 8 September 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2023.</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele wa 2023 ba fenya CAF Women's Champions League ya 2023 e le labobedi mme Dlamini a fenya motshwaradino wa kgaisano abo a tsena mo setlhopheng sa kgaisano.<ref name=":2">"[https://www.cafonline.com/caf-womens-champions-league/news/caf-women-s-champions-league-cote-d-ivoire-best-xl-confirmed/ CAF Women's Champions League, Cote d'Ivoire Best Xl confirmed]". ''CAF''. 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.</ref> == Tiro ya boditshabatshaba == O dirile iponagatso ya ntlha mo setlhopheng sa setshaba sa bomme sa kgwele ya dinao sa Aforika Borwa kgatlhanong le Botswana ka 2011.<ref name=":0" /> Dlamini o nna a le motshwarelela batshwaradino wa setlhopha ka Thokozile Mndaweni le Roxanne Barker ba nna ba tsaya diphatlha tsa setlhopha s antlha. Se se diirile gore le fa Dlamini a ne a bitswa kwa ditlhopheng tsa diOlimpiki tsa selemo sa 2012 kwa Lontone, United Kingdom, le diOlimpiki tsa selemo sa 2016 kwa Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, o ne a seka a tshameka ka nako epe kwa go epe kgaisano.<ref name=":3">Ngidi, Njabulo (16 November 2016). "[http://www.iol.co.za/sport/soccer/dlaminis-chance-to-shine-for-banyana-2090499 Dlamini's chance to shine for Banyana]". ''IOL''. Retrieved 17 November 2016.</ref> O ne a kgobega marapo fa Aforika Borwa e ntshiwa mo metshamekong ya All Africa Games tsa 2015 mo tikologong ya ntlha morago ga maleka fa setlhopha sengwe le sengwe mo setlhophaneng se tshameka maleka mo metshamekong ya tsone.<ref>Mokwena, Busisiwe (15 September 2015). "[http://www.dailysun.co.za/Sport/Draw-breaks-Banyana-hearts-20150915 Draw breaks Banyana hearts!]". ''Daily Sun''. Retrieved 17 November 2016.</ref> Morago ga go goroga ga mokatisi Desiree Ellis go ne ga akantshanwa gore Dlamini o ka nna le tshono ya go nna motshwaradino wa ntlha, segolobogolo morago ga go ntshiwa ga ga Barker moragonyana go na le ka fa neng go akantswe mo metshamekong ya botsalano le kgaisano ya Africa Women's Cup of Nations ya 2016.<ref name=":3" /> == Botshelo ja gagwe == Dlamini ke mokeresete ebile o bala baebele go ipaakanyetsa metshameko ya kgwele ya dinao.<ref name=":1" /> == Ditlotla == '''Setlhopha''' '''Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies''' * SAFA Women's League: 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 * CAF Women's Champions League: 2021, 2023; maemo a bobedi: 2022 '''Aforika Borwa''' * Women's Africa Cup of Nations: 2022,<ref>"[https://www.cafonline.com/caf-womens-africa-cup-of-nations/news/magaia-brace-hands-south-africa-first-wafcon-trophy/ Magaia brace hands South Africa first TotalEnergies WAFCON trophy]". ''CAF''. 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.</ref> maemo a bobedi: 2012, 2018 '''Tsa gagwe''' * Women's Africa Cup of Nations Setlhopha sa Kgaisano: 2022<ref>"[https://www.cafonline.com/caf-womens-africa-cup-of-nations/news/caf-announces-totalenergies-women-s-afcon-2022-best-xi/ CAF announces TotalEnergies Women's AFCON 2022 Best XI]". ''CAF''. 26 July 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2023.</ref> * CAF Women's Champions League Motshwaradino yo o gaisitseng: 2021, 2023 * IFFHS CAF Women's Setlhopha sa ngwaga: 2022<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230319191838/https://www.iffhs.com/posts/2490 IFFHS CAF Women's Team 2022]". ''The International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS)''. 31 January 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.</ref> * Gauteng Sports Personality of the Year: 2022<ref>"[https://www.sabcsport.com/soccer/news/andile-dlamini-lara-van-niekerk-and-daniel-van-vuuren-win-big-at-gauteng-sports-awards Andile Dlamini, Lara van Niekerk and Daniel van Vuuren win big at Gauteng Sports awards | soccer]". ''SABC''. 19 February 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.</ref> * Gauteng Women in Sports Sportswoman of the Year: 2022<ref name=":4">"[https://www.sabcsport.com/soccer/news/andile-dlamini-wins-big-at-the-gauteng-women-in-sports-awards Andile Dlamini wins big at the Gauteng Women in Sports Awards | soccer]". ''SABC''. 5 March 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.</ref> * Tshwane Sports Mme wa ngwaga: 2022<ref name=":4" /> * Momentum Athlete of the Year: 2023<ref>Newsroom, gsport (12 September 2023). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20240723173309/https://gsport.co.za/andile-dlamini-steals-the-show-at-2023-momentum-gsport-awards/ Andile Dlamini Steals the Show at 2023 Momentum gsport Awards]". ''gsport4girls''. Retrieved 9 November 2023.</ref> * Feather Awards Sports Personality of the Year: 2023<ref>"[https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2023-11-09-and-the-winners-of-the-feather-awards-xv-are-drum-roll-please-/ And the winners of the Feather Awards XV are (drum roll please) ...]" ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 10 November 2023.</ref><ref>"[https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/s-mag/culture/2023-11-10-smag-scoops-media-of-the-year-at-feather-awards/ SMag scoops Media of the Year at Feather Awards]". ''SowetanLIVE''. Retrieved 10 November 2023.</ref> * CAF Women's Champions League Setlhopha sa Kgaisano: 2023<ref name=":2" /> * Women's Africa XI: 2023<ref>"[https://www.cafonline.com/news/osimhen-oshoala-named-african-men-s-and-women-s-player-of-the-year-at-the-caf-awards-2023/ Osimhen, Oshoala named African Men's and Women's Player of the Year at the CAF Awards 2023]". ''CAF''. 12 November 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2023.</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150905/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=356927/index.html Andile Dlamini] – [[:en:FIFA|FIFA]] competition record (archived) crnopaellt2dfan9nqpkilcgnmkhgi9 Ditshwanelo tsa LGBTQ kwa Eswatini 0 13279 52386 50075 2026-07-13T00:22:24Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 52386 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, banna ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, batho ba ba ratanang le bong ka bobedi, batho ba ba fetotseng bong, le ba ba queer''' ('''LGBTQ''') kwa '''Eswatini''' ba na le ditshwanelo tse di lekanyeditsweng tsa semolao. Go ya ka Rock of Hope, setlhopha sa babueledi ba LGBTQ sa baSwati, "ga go na molao o o amogelang LGBTI kgotsa o o sireletsang tshwanelo ya go nna le tshekamelo e e seng ya bong jo bo farologaneng le boitshupo jwa bong mme ka ntlha ya seo [batho ba LGBTQ] ga ba kgone go bua ka tlhamalalo ka tshekamelo ya bone kgotsa boitshupo jwa bong jwa bone ka ntlha ya go tshaba go ganwa le go tlhaolwa." Go ratana ka bong ga banna ga go kafa molaong kwa [[Eswatini]], le fa molao ono o sa diragadiwe. Go ya ka ''Pego ya 2021 ya Mekgwa ya Ditshwanelo tsa Setho'' go tswa kwa Lephateng la Merero ya Lefatshe la United States, "ga go ise go ke go nne le go tshwarwa kgotsa go sekisiwa ka ntlha ya boitshwaro jwa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ka tumalano." Le fa go se na tiragatso ya semolao kgatlhanong le tiro ya thobalano ya bong jo bo tshwanang, batho ba LGBTQ kwa Eswatini ka metlha ba lebana le go tlhaolwa le go tshwenngwa mo setšhabeng, go akaretsa le tirisodikgoka. Ka jalo, bontsi bo tlhopha go nna ba sa itshupe kgotsa go fudugela kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] e e mabapi. Le fa go ntse jalo, Eswatini e na le kgotlelelo e e kwa godimo go feta palogare ya batho ba LGBTQ fa e bapisiwa le bontsi jwa mafatshe a mangwe a Aforika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Donnell |first=Belinda |date=3 March 2016 |title=HERE ARE THE MOST AND LEAST TOLERANT COUNTRIES IN AFRICA |url=https://www.undispatch.com/here-are-the-most-and-least-tolerant-countries-in-africa/ |website=UN Dispatch |access-date=19 May 2026 |archive-date=5 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605004445/https://www.undispatch.com/here-are-the-most-and-least-tolerant-countries-in-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mogwanto wa ntlha wa boikgantsho wa Eswatini o ne wa tshwarwa ka Seetebosigo 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2018 |title=LGBT Activists Plan First-Ever Pride March in Swaziland |url=https://lasentinel.net/lgbt-activists-plan-first-ever-pride-march-in-swaziland.html}}</ref> == Melao e e malebang le ditiro tsa thobalano tsa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang == Go ya ka Karolo 252(1) ya Molaomotheo wa Bogosi jwa Eswatini, melao le melawana ya molao o o tlwaelesegileng wa Roman-Dutch e e ntseng e dira mo Eswatini fa e sale ka Tlhakole a le malatsi a masome a mabedi le bobedi ka 1907 (jaaka melao le melawana eo e ne e le teng ka Lwetse a le garataro ka 1968, Letsatsi la Boipuso) e dirisiwa jaaka molao wa Eswatini.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Section 252(1), Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland 2005, page 115 |url=http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SZ/CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20KINGDOM%20OF%20SWAZILAND%202005.pdf}}</ref> Motswedi o mogolo wa molao wa tlwaelo o ka 1907 e ne e le molao wa tlwaelo jaaka o ne o dirisiwa ka nako eo kwa [[Koloning ya Teransefala]], e kwa bofelong e neng ya nna karolo ya [[Aforika Borwa]] .<ref>{{Citation|title=The Law and Legal Research in Swaziland|url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Swaziland1.html#commonlaw}}</ref> Sodoma, e e tlhalosiwang e le dikamano tsa tlhakanelodikobo tsa bong jo bo tshwanang fa gare ga banna, e ne e le tlolomolao go ya ka molao o o tlwaelesegileng wa 1907, e e neng e ka otlhaiwa ka loso kgotsa ka kotlhao e nnye go ya ka tshwetso ya kgotlatshekelo. Mo bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo wa masome a mabedi, "sodomy" kwa Aforika Borwa e ne e tlhalositswe ke dikgotlatshekelo tsa yone jaaka "thobalano e e seng ka fa molaong le e e dirwang ka bomo ka marago magareng ga banna ba babedi." Tlhaloso e e lolea e e ne ya tlogela setlhopha sa masalela sa "ditiro tsa thobalano tse di seng tsa tlholego" tse di thibetsweng tse di bidiwang ka kakaretso "tlolomolao e e seng ya tlholego", e e neng e akaretsa bonnye ditiro tseo tsa thobalano magareng ga banna tse di neng di sa akaretse go tsena mo maragong<ref name="Scott" /> mme go lebega di ise di ko di akaretse ditiro tsa thobalano magareng ga basadi.<ref name="Scott" /> Gore a ditiragalo tseno mo Aforikaborwa di nnile le ditlamorago mo molaong wa tlwaelo wa Eswatini ga go tlhomamisege. [[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]] (ILGA) o gatelela gore tlhaloso ya Eswatini ya "sodomy" e tshwana le ya Aforika Borwa le gore ditiro tsa thobalano tsa basadi ba bong jo bo tshwanang di ka fa molaong.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://ilga.org/downloads/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2012.pdf|title=State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws prohibiting same sex activity between consenting adults|date=May 2012|last1=Itaborahy|first1=Lucas Paoli|first2=Eddie|last2=Bruce-Jones|publisher=ILGA World}}</ref><ref name="beast">{{Cite news|last1=Teeman|first1=Tim|title=The LGBT Heroes Fighting to Hold the First Ever Pride in Swaziland|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-lgbt-heroes-fighting-to-hold-the-first-ever-pride-in-swaziland|date=4 April 2018}}</ref> Molao wa Eswatini wa sodomy ga o diragadiwe. Tona ya Molao o boletse gangwe le gape gore melao ya bone ga se go sekisa bagolo ba ba dumelaneng.<ref name="2021 US State" /> Ga go na go tshwarwa kgotsa go sekisiwa mo go itsiweng ka ntlha ya tiro ya thobalano ya bong jo bo tshwanang ka tumalano.<ref name="2021 US State" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, ditlhopha tsa LGBTQ di ntse di nyatsa mokgwa ono: "Mo go rona, go utlwala e kete o tshwere tlhobolo o bo o re molao wa gago ga se go thuntsha." Ba ile ba nganga gore tsela e le nosi fela ya go phimola molao wa lefatshe wa sodomy ke go feta ka dikgotlatshekelo.<ref name="beast"/> == Metswedi == {{reflist}} ef6wgpjexqio8a4s7dg30zyfpuzkztx Botsalano jwa mafatshe a Botswana le United States 0 14377 52389 52335 2026-07-13T07:54:15Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe ya botsalano jwa mafatshe a Botswana le United States #Wikipedia25BW 52389 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Botswana USA Locator 2.svg|thumb|Botsalano jwa Botswana - Le United States]] '''Botsalano jwa mafatshe a Botswana le United States''' ke botsalano jwa tsa sepolotiki, itsholelo le ngwao gareng ga mafatshe a [[Botswana]] le la [[USA|United States.]] Go ya ka pego ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone ya U.S Global Leadership, masome a mane le borataro mo lekgolong la batho ba [[Botswana]] ba dumalana le boteledipele jwa U.S, fa masome a mabedi lebosupa mo lekgolong ba sa dumalane, ba le masome mabedi le borataro mo lekgolong ga ba tseye lotlhakore.<ref>https://www.gallup.com/file/analytics/355787/Rating%20World%20Leaders%202024.pdf Gallup Report in Africa- 2024</ref> Mo pegong ya ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi, e ne e le lengwe la mafatshe a a dumalanang thata le la U.S ka masome a supa le borobabongwe mo lekgolong.<ref>[[:en:Botswana–United_States_relations|U.S. Global Leadership Project Report - 2012 ''Gallup'']]</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana le kgaolo ya Hawaii ya United States ke mafelo a a lebaganeng.<ref>[https://www.geodatos.net/en/antipodes/botswana/metsemotlhaba "Antipode of Metsemotlhaba, Botswana - Geodatos".] ''www.geodatos.net''. Retrieved 2026-7-13</ref> == Thuso e lefatshe la United States le e e fang Botswana == [[Setshwantsho:The United States Delivers COVID-19 Vaccine Doses to Botswana (51391201321).jpg|thumb|Lefatshe la U.S le isa melemo ya [[COVID-19]] ya Pfizer kwa [[Botswana]] e le bontlha jwa lenaneo la COVAX ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le motso]] Lefatshe la United States le bona la Botswana e le mmueledi gape e le sekao sa go ritibala mo Aforika, le tswa kgakala le bereka le la Botswana mo ditlhabololong tsa lone fa e sale ka boipuso jwa lone.<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm "Botswana - State.gov".] ''2009-2017 state.gov archives''. Retrieved 2026-07-13</ref> Sesole sa U.S Peace Corps se ne sa boela Botswana ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bobedi ka maikaelelo a mananeo a a itebagantseng le HIV/AIDS morago ga go felletsa dingwaga di le masome mararo tsa thuso ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa.<ref>[https://www.peacecorps.gov/botswana/about/ "About - Botswana".] ''Peace Corps (.gov)''. Retrieved 2026-07-13</ref><ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/botswana/45963.htm "Botswana (01/05) - State.gov".] ''2009-2017 State.gov archives''. Retrieved 2026-07-13</ref> Ka mo go tshwanang, USAID e ne ya fedisa botsalano jwa sebaka le Botswana ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borataro, morago ga mananeo a a atlegileng a thuto, katiso, kgwebo, go okamela tikologo, le botsogo jwa pelegi. Lefatshe la Botswana le fa go ntse jalo, lone le mafatshe a a mabapi a tswelela ka go anywa mo mananenong a USAID a borwa jwa Aforika.<ref>Gaborone, U. S. Embassy (2024-01-22). [https://bw.usembassy.gov/history-of-the-u-s-and-botswana/ "History of the U.S. and Botswana".] ''U.S. Embassy in Botswana''. Retrieved 2026-07-13</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131009065346/http://www.usaid.gov/botswana "Botswana"]. ''U.S. Agency for International Development''. 2023-05-01. Archived from [https://www.usaid.gov/botswana the original] on October 9, 2013. Retrieved 2026-07-13</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le botlhano, lekgotla le le laolang malwetsi la Center for Disease Control (CDC) le simolotse porojeke ya BOTUSA le e pataganetse le lephata la botsogo mo Botswana ka maikaelelo a go ntsha dintlha go tokafatsa maiteko a go laola bolwetse jwa kgotlholo e tona mo Botswana le mo mafatsheng a mangwe ka nako ya segajaja sa kgotlholo e tona le HIV/AIDS.<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/globalhivtb/who-we-are/success-stories/success-story-pages/partnership-for-success.html "Partnership for Success: CDC Helps Botswana Exceed Targets for Ending Its HIV Epidemic, 4 Years Early".] ''www.cdc.gov''. 2023-08-08. Retrieved 2026-07-13</ref> Ka nako ya bogogi jwa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe jwa puso ya U.S le lenaneo la peeletso mo go lwantsheng segajaja, CDC ka porojeke ya BOTUSA e dirile diporojeke gape e thusiste makgotla mo go lwantsheng segajaja sa HIV/AIDS mo Botswana. Lefatshe la Botswana ke lengwe la mafatshe a le lesome le botlhano a lenaneo la ga tautona la go imolola morwalo wa segajaja sa HIV/AIDS (PEPFAR) e itebagantseng le one, le amogetse didikadike tsa di dolara di feta makgolo a matlhano, masome a matlhano le borataro fa e sle lenaneo le simologa ka Firikgong, ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone go tsena Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le motso. Thuso ya PEPFAR mo Botswana, e e lopileng didikadike tsa di dolara di le masome a robabongwe le bone ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le motso, e thusa mo go thibeleng, go alafeng le go tlhokomeleng balwetsi ba HIV/AIDS.<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/global-health/countries/ "CDC in Botswana | Global Health | CDC"]. ''www.cdc.gov''. 2023-11-07. Retrieved 2026-07-13</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete pedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano, lefelo la tlhokomelo masiela le ne la tswalwa ka ntlha ya go emisiwa ga madi a USAID.<ref>Al Jazeera Staff. [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/28/africa-hiv-deaths-to-mount-as-trump-stops-funding-heres-why "Africa HIV deaths to mount, as Trump stops funding. Here's why".] ''Al Jazeera''. Retrieved 2026-07-13</ref> == Ditumalano == [[Setshwantsho:Embassy of Botswana, Washington, D.C. 1.jpg|thumb|Ofisi ya kemedi ya [[Botswana]] kwa [[Washington, D.C.]]]] Dipuso tsa Botswana le United States di tsene mo tumalanong ka Phukwi ngwaga wa dikete pedi go dira sekolo se se diragatsang molao sa [[International Law Enforcement Academy]] (ILEA) mo Gaborone. Sekolo se, se se bonang dithuso tsa madi go tswa mo mafatsheng o o mabedi, se okametswe ke mafatshe ao ka bobedi, se rutuntsha mapodise le matona a puso go tswa mo Aforika. Sekolo se, dikago tsa sone tsa sennela ruri tse di kwa [[Otse]], kwa ntle ga Gaborone, se butswe ka mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro. Babereki ba molao ba feta dikete di le tharo go kgabaganya [[Aferika|Aforika]] ba amogetse thutuntsho go tswa kwa ILEA fa e sale se simolola go rutuntsha ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le motso.<ref>[https://gaborone.ilea.state.gov/our-academy "ILEA Gaborone (.gov)".] ''gaborone.ilea.state.gov''. Retrieved 2026-07-13</ref><ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/inl/c/crime/ilea/c11283.htm "ILEA Gaborone - State.gov - State Department".] ''2009-2017 State.gov archives''. Retrieved 2026-07-13</ref> == Baokamedi bagolo ba U.S == * Moemedi - [[Howard Van Vranken]] fa e sale ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro. == Matsholo a tirisanommogo == Ofisi ya kemedi ya U.S e mo Gaborone.<ref>[https://bw.usembassy.gov/ "Homepage".] ''U.S. Embassy in Botswana''. Retrieved 2026-07-13</ref> OSC (e pele e neng e le ODC) e kwa ofising eo.<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/U.S.EmbassyGaborone/posts/osc-on-the-movelast-week-embassy-officials-from-the-office-of-security-cooperati/10159199901110359/ "U.S.Embassy Gaborone - US Embassy Gaborone, Botswana's post".] Retrieved 2026-07-13</ref> ODC e kwa tseleng ya Ditlhakore mo Gaborone.<ref>State. [https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/botswana/47416.htm Gov 2009 -2017 archives https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/botswana/47416.htm]</ref> Sekolo sa ILEA se kwa [[Otse]], metsotso e ka nna masome a mararo kwa ntle ga Gaborone. Statione sa IBB se kwa [[Selebi-Phikwe|Selibe Phikwe]], dikhilomithara di ka nna makgolo a mane kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Gaborone.<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/botswana/21911.htm "State.gov archives 2009-2017".]</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[Washington, D.C.|Washington D.C]].<ref>Gaborone, U. S. Embassy (2024-01-19). [https://bw.usembassy.gov/u-s-ambassador-to-the-republic-of-botswana-howard-a-van-vranken/ "U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of Botswana, Howard A. Van Vranken".] ''U.S. Embassy in Botswana''. Retrieved 2026-07-13.</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Botsalano jwa lefatshe la Botswana le mafatshe a mangwe]] * [[Botsalano jwa lefatshe la United States le mafatshe a mangwe]] == Metswedi == sopeet4guzl3z1exdioxvzu69cz9c9h Pitse ya naga ya dipoa 0 14383 52369 52366 2026-07-12T12:57:07Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52369 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng''' ( '''''Equus quagga''''', e e kileng ya bo e le ''Equus burchellii'' ) ke mofuta o o tlwaelegileng thata wa [[:en:Zebra|pitse ya naga]] . Motseletsele wa yona o kgaogane, fela o akaretsa bontsi jwa borwa le botlhaba jwa Aforika kwa borwa jwa [[:en:Sahara|Sahara]] . [[:en:Subspecies|Mefuta e potlana]] e le thataro kgotsa e le supa e lemogilwe, go akaretsa le quagga e go neng go akanngwa gore ke mofuta o o farologaneng. Dipatlisiso tsa sešweng di tshegetsa dipharologano mo dipalopalong tsa dipitse tsa naga e le phetogo e e diragalang ka bonya mo diponagalong go na le mefutapotlana. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di magareng ka bogolo magareng ga [[:en:Grévy's_zebra|pitse ya naga e kgolo ya Grévy]] le [[:en:Mountain_zebra|pitse ya naga ya dithaba]] e nnye mme di na le go nna le meradi e e sephara go feta tse pedi tse . Pharologano e kgolo mo thulaganyong ya meradi ya letlalo e teng magareng ga di-pharologanong le batho ka bongwe. Lefelo la bonno la dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng ka kakaretso, mme e seng fela, ke mafelo a bojang a a senang ditlhare le dikgwa tsa savanna, tsa boboatsatsi le tsa bothitho. Ka kakaretso di tila sekaka, dikgwa tse di kitlaneng tsa pula le mafelo a a metsi a sennela ruri. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di jewa ke [[:en:Lion|ditau]] le [[:en:Spotted_hyena|diphiri tse di marontho]], [[:en:Nile_crocodile|dikwena tsa Nile]] le, ka selekanyo se sennye, [[:en:African_leopard|nkwe]], [[:en:Cheetah|mangau]] le [[:en:African_wild_dog|dintša tsa naga tsa Aforika.]] Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng ke mofuta o o nang le loago thata, di bopa ditlhopa tsa tse di namagadi tse di laolwang ke nngwe ya [[:en:Stallion|pitse tse di tona]] , [[:en:Mare|dipitse]] [[:en:Mare|tse di namagadi]] di le mmalwa le bana ba tsona ba bošeng; ditlhopha tse di tona tse di iseng di nne le di namagadi le tsone di a bopega. Ditlhopha di ka nna tsa kopana go bopa metlhape. Diphologolo di nna di disitse diphologolo tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe; di bogola kgotsa di tlhotlhora fa di bona sebatana se se jang ditshedi tse dingwe mme dipitsi tse di namagadi tse di laolwang ke nngwe ya tse di tona e tlhasela dibatana tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe go sireletsa di namagadi tsa yone. Pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e santse e tlwaelesegile mo [[:en:Game_reserve|mafelong a a sireletsang diphologolo]], mme e tshosediwa ke ditiro tsa batho, jaaka go tsoma nama le letlalo la yona, ga mmogo le kgaisano le [[:en:Livestock|leruo]] le go tsenelela ka go lema mo bontsing jwa [[:en:Habitat|bonno]] jwa yona. Tatlhegelo ya mabala a bojang a a bulegileng ka ntlha ya [[:en:Woody_plant_encroachment|go tsenelela ga dimela tsa logong]] e oketsa bodiphatsa jwa go ja diphologolo tse dingwe mme ka jalo le bonno. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di kwadilwe jaaka tse di [[:en:Near_threatened|gaufi le go tshosediwa]] ke [[:en:IUCN|IUCN]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2016. Palo ya mefuta e tlhomame mme ga e mo kotsing ya go nyelela, le fa palo ya tsone mo dinageng di le dintsi e fokotsegile thata. gzga71extp6fnxsfdirbtz1sv9fdg7m 52371 52369 2026-07-12T13:16:23Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52371 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng''' ( '''''Equus quagga''''', e e kileng ya bo e le ''Equus burchellii'' ) ke mofuta o o tlwaelegileng thata wa [[:en:Zebra|pitse ya naga]] . Motseletsele wa yona o kgaogane, fela o akaretsa bontsi jwa borwa le botlhaba jwa Aforika kwa borwa jwa [[:en:Sahara|Sahara]] . [[:en:Subspecies|Mefuta e potlana]] e le thataro kgotsa e le supa e lemogilwe, go akaretsa le quagga e go neng go akanngwa gore ke mofuta o o farologaneng. Dipatlisiso tsa sešweng di tshegetsa dipharologano mo dipalopalong tsa dipitse tsa naga e le phetogo e e diragalang ka bonya mo diponagalong go na le mefutapotlana. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di magareng ka bogolo magareng ga [[:en:Grévy's_zebra|pitse ya naga e kgolo ya Grévy]] le [[:en:Mountain_zebra|pitse ya naga ya dithaba]] e nnye mme di na le go nna le meradi e e sephara go feta tse pedi tse . Pharologano e kgolo mo thulaganyong ya meradi ya letlalo e teng magareng ga di-pharologanong le batho ka bongwe. Lefelo la bonno la dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng ka kakaretso, mme e seng fela, ke mafelo a bojang a a senang ditlhare le dikgwa tsa savanna, tsa boboatsatsi le tsa bothitho. Ka kakaretso di tila sekaka, dikgwa tse di kitlaneng tsa pula le mafelo a a metsi a sennela ruri. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di jewa ke [[:en:Lion|ditau]] le [[:en:Spotted_hyena|diphiri tse di marontho]], [[:en:Nile_crocodile|dikwena tsa Nile]] le, ka selekanyo se sennye, [[:en:African_leopard|nkwe]], [[:en:Cheetah|mangau]] le [[:en:African_wild_dog|dintša tsa naga tsa Aforika.]] Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng ke mofuta o o nang le loago thata, di bopa ditlhopa tsa tse di namagadi tse di laolwang ke nngwe ya [[:en:Stallion|pitse tse di tona]] , [[:en:Mare|dipitse]] [[:en:Mare|tse di namagadi]] di le mmalwa le bana ba tsona ba bošeng; ditlhopha tse di tona tse di iseng di nne le di namagadi le tsone di a bopega. Ditlhopha di ka nna tsa kopana go bopa metlhape. Diphologolo di nna di disitse diphologolo tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe; di bogola kgotsa di tlhotlhora fa di bona sebatana se se jang ditshedi tse dingwe mme dipitsi tse di namagadi tse di laolwang ke nngwe ya tse di tona e tlhasela dibatana tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe go sireletsa di namagadi tsa yone. Pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e santse e tlwaelesegile mo [[:en:Game_reserve|mafelong a a sireletsang diphologolo]], mme e tshosediwa ke ditiro tsa batho, jaaka go tsoma nama le letlalo la yona, ga mmogo le kgaisano le [[:en:Livestock|leruo]] le go tsenelela ka go lema mo bontsing jwa [[:en:Habitat|bonno]] jwa yona. Tatlhegelo ya mabala a bojang a a bulegileng ka ntlha ya [[:en:Woody_plant_encroachment|go tsenelela ga dimela tsa logong]] e oketsa bodiphatsa jwa go ja diphologolo tse dingwe mme ka jalo le bonno. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di kwadilwe jaaka tse di [[:en:Near_threatened|gaufi le go tshosediwa]] ke [[:en:IUCN|IUCN]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2016. Palo ya mefuta e tlhomame mme ga e mo kotsing ya go nyelela, le fa palo ya tsone mo dinageng di le dintsi e fokotsegile thata. == Thulaganyo ya ditshedi == Pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e ne ya tlhaolwa semmuso ke moithutadiphologolo wa lefatshe la Britain e bong [[:en:John_Edward_Gray|John Edward Gray]] ka ngwaga wa 1824 ele Equus burchellii. Morago ga gore quagga, e e tlhalosiwang ke [[:en:Pieter_Boddaert|Pieter Boddaert]] ka ngwaga wa 1785, e fitlhelwe e le mofuta o le mongwe mo ngwagakgolong wa masome a mabedi le bongwe , pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e ne ya bewa gape jaaka Equus quagga ka ntlha ya [[:en:Principle_of_priority|molawana wa go nna kwa pele]].Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng le [[:en:Mountain_zebra|dipitse tsa naga tsa dithaba]] ka tlwaelo di ne di bewa mo [[:en:Subgenus|mofuteng o monnye]] wa ''Hippotigris'', go farologana le [[:en:Grévy's_zebra|pitse ya naga ya ga Grévy]], e e neng e tsewa e le yona fela mofuta wa mofutapotlana wa ''Dolichohippus''; le fa go ntse jalo, bosupi jwa bošeng ( ngwaga wa 2013) jwa bosupi jwa [[:en:Phylogenetic|losika lwa ditshedi]] bo fitlhela gore dipitse tsa naga tsa dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di gaufi thata le dipitse tsa naga tsa Grévy go na le dipitse tsa dithaba.Groves le Bell (ngwaga wa 2004) ba baya mefuta yotlhe e meraro mo mofuteng o monnye wa ''Hippotigris'',[8] mme dipitse tsa naga di lebega e le [[:en:Monophyletic|losika lwa mofuta o le mongwe]]. Mo mafelong a dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng tse di [[:en:Sympatric|nnang le mo lefelong le le lengwe]] le dipitse tsa naga tsa Grévy, go di fitlhela mo metlhapeng e le mengwe ga go a tlwaelega, mme go nna le [[:en:Zebroid|dipopego tsa mefuta tse di kgonang go tsala]] tse di diragalang. 4k8xt76ikpymtw5xawuy8n07aje0933 52378 52371 2026-07-12T18:07:58Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52378 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng''' ( '''''Equus quagga''''', e e kileng ya bo e le ''Equus burchellii'' ) ke mofuta o o tlwaelegileng thata wa [[:en:Zebra|pitse ya naga]] . Motseletsele wa yona o kgaogane, fela o akaretsa bontsi jwa borwa le botlhaba jwa Aforika kwa borwa jwa [[:en:Sahara|Sahara]] . [[:en:Subspecies|Mefuta e potlana]] e le thataro kgotsa e le supa e lemogilwe, go akaretsa le quagga e go neng go akanngwa gore ke mofuta o o farologaneng. Dipatlisiso tsa sešweng di tshegetsa dipharologano mo dipalopalong tsa dipitse tsa naga e le phetogo e e diragalang ka bonya mo diponagalong go na le mefutapotlana. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di magareng ka bogolo magareng ga [[:en:Grévy's_zebra|pitse ya naga e kgolo ya Grévy]] le [[:en:Mountain_zebra|pitse ya naga ya dithaba]] e nnye mme di na le go nna le meradi e e sephara go feta tse pedi tse . Pharologano e kgolo mo thulaganyong ya meradi ya letlalo e teng magareng ga di-pharologanong le batho ka bongwe. Lefelo la bonno la dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng ka kakaretso, mme e seng fela, ke mafelo a bojang a a senang ditlhare le dikgwa tsa savanna, tsa boboatsatsi le tsa bothitho. Ka kakaretso di tila sekaka, dikgwa tse di kitlaneng tsa pula le mafelo a a metsi a sennela ruri. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di jewa ke [[:en:Lion|ditau]] le [[:en:Spotted_hyena|diphiri tse di marontho]], [[:en:Nile_crocodile|dikwena tsa Nile]] le, ka selekanyo se sennye, [[:en:African_leopard|nkwe]], [[:en:Cheetah|mangau]] le [[:en:African_wild_dog|dintša tsa naga tsa Aforika.]] Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng ke mofuta o o nang le loago thata, di bopa ditlhopa tsa tse di namagadi tse di laolwang ke nngwe ya [[:en:Stallion|pitse tse di tona]] , [[:en:Mare|dipitse]] [[:en:Mare|tse di namagadi]] di le mmalwa le bana ba tsona ba bošeng; ditlhopha tse di tona tse di iseng di nne le di namagadi le tsone di a bopega. Ditlhopha di ka nna tsa kopana go bopa metlhape. Diphologolo di nna di disitse diphologolo tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe; di bogola kgotsa di tlhotlhora fa di bona sebatana se se jang ditshedi tse dingwe mme dipitsi tse di namagadi tse di laolwang ke nngwe ya tse di tona e tlhasela dibatana tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe go sireletsa di namagadi tsa yone. Pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e santse e tlwaelesegile mo [[:en:Game_reserve|mafelong a a sireletsang diphologolo]], mme e tshosediwa ke ditiro tsa batho, jaaka go tsoma nama le letlalo la yona, ga mmogo le kgaisano le [[:en:Livestock|leruo]] le go tsenelela ka go lema mo bontsing jwa [[:en:Habitat|bonno]] jwa yona. Tatlhegelo ya mabala a bojang a a bulegileng ka ntlha ya [[:en:Woody_plant_encroachment|go tsenelela ga dimela tsa logong]] e oketsa bodiphatsa jwa go ja diphologolo tse dingwe mme ka jalo le bonno. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di kwadilwe jaaka tse di [[:en:Near_threatened|gaufi le go tshosediwa]] ke [[:en:IUCN|IUCN]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2016. Palo ya mefuta e tlhomame mme ga e mo kotsing ya go nyelela, le fa palo ya tsone mo dinageng di le dintsi e fokotsegile thata. == Thulaganyo ya ditshedi == Pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e ne ya tlhaolwa semmuso ke moithutadiphologolo wa lefatshe la Britain e bong [[:en:John_Edward_Gray|John Edward Gray]] ka ngwaga wa 1824 ele Equus burchellii. Morago ga gore quagga, e e tlhalosiwang ke [[:en:Pieter_Boddaert|Pieter Boddaert]] ka ngwaga wa 1785, e fitlhelwe e le mofuta o le mongwe mo ngwagakgolong wa masome a mabedi le bongwe , pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e ne ya bewa gape jaaka Equus quagga ka ntlha ya [[:en:Principle_of_priority|molawana wa go nna kwa pele]].Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng le [[:en:Mountain_zebra|dipitse tsa naga tsa dithaba]] ka tlwaelo di ne di bewa mo [[:en:Subgenus|mofuteng o monnye]] wa ''Hippotigris'', go farologana le [[:en:Grévy's_zebra|pitse ya naga ya ga Grévy]], e e neng e tsewa e le yona fela mofuta wa mofutapotlana wa ''Dolichohippus''; le fa go ntse jalo, bosupi jwa bošeng ( ngwaga wa 2013) jwa bosupi jwa [[:en:Phylogenetic|losika lwa ditshedi]] bo fitlhela gore dipitse tsa naga tsa dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di gaufi thata le dipitse tsa naga tsa Grévy go na le dipitse tsa dithaba.Groves le Bell (ngwaga wa 2004) ba baya mefuta yotlhe e meraro mo mofuteng o monnye wa ''Hippotigris'',[8] mme dipitse tsa naga di lebega e le [[:en:Monophyletic|losika lwa mofuta o le mongwe]]. Mo mafelong a dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng tse di [[:en:Sympatric|nnang le mo lefelong le le lengwe]] le dipitse tsa naga tsa Grévy, go di fitlhela mo metlhapeng e le mengwe ga go a tlwaelega, mme go nna le [[:en:Zebroid|dipopego tsa mefuta tse di kgonang go tsala]] tse di diragalang. === Mofuta yo mmotlana === Mo patlisisong ya bone ya ngwaga wa 2004 ya dipharologano tsa tlhogo le tsa matlhare fa gare ga sekao, Groves le Bell ba ne ba bona tshegetso ya go kgaoganya pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng go nna mefutapotlana e merataro. Ka dinako tse dingwe go lemogwa mofutapotlana wa bosupa. Go ne go akanngwa gore pitse ya naga ya ga Burchell e ne e tsomiwa go fitlha e nyelela. Le fa go ntse jalo, Groves le Bell ba ne ba swetsa ka gore "pitse ya naga ya Burchell e e sa tlholeng e le teng ke kgopolo e e sa ikaegang ka bosupi bope". Thuto e e kelotlhoko ya dipalopalo tsa ntlha tsa dipitse tsa naga kwa Zululand le Eswatini le matlalo a a tserweng mo dipolaseng tsa diphologolo kwa Zululand le Natal e senotse gore karolo e e rileng e nnye e bontsha go tshwana le se jaanong se tsewang jaaka ''burchellii'' e e tlwaelegileng. Dibaka tsa mofuta tsa mefutapotlana ya ''Equus quagga burchellii'' le ''Equus quagga antiquorum'' di gaufi thata mo eleng gore bobedi bo tota bo ke bongwe hela , ka jalo, e kgolo ya maina a mabedi a e tshwanetse go tlapele go feta e nnye . Ba ne ba akantsha gore leina le le siameng la mofutapotlana e tshwanetse go nna ''burchellii'', e seng ''antiquorum''.[8] Thutopatlisiso ya tsa bosika ya 2005 e netefaditse gore quagga ke mofuta o le mongwe le pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng. E bontshitse gore quagga e ne e na le mefutafuta e mennye ya tsa bosika le gore e ne e fapoga go tswa mo mefuteng e mengwe ya dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng dingwaga di le dikete tse lekgolo le masome a mabedi go ya kwa kwa diketeng tse makgolo a mabedi le borobabongwe tse di fetileng, ka nako ya [[:en:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] le, gongwe, nako ya bobedi go tswa ko bofelong ya fa dikgapetla tsa kapoko di ne di atogile thata. Mokgwa wa yona o o tlhaolegileng wa kobo o ka tswa o fetogile ka bonako ka ntlha ya go itlhaola ga thutafatshe le/kgotsa go tlwaela tikologo e e omileng. Mo godimo ga moo, mefuta e potlana ya dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng e na le go nna le meradi e mennye fa e ntse e nna kwa borwa, mme quagga e ne e le yone e e neng e tshela kwa borwa go gaisa tsotlhe. agcd8h7tpz8ga78tsfwkuv0s93xnb04 52380 52378 2026-07-12T18:40:08Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52380 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng''' ( '''''Equus quagga''''', e e kileng ya bo e le ''Equus burchellii'' ) ke mofuta o o tlwaelegileng thata wa [[:en:Zebra|pitse ya naga]] . Motseletsele wa yona o kgaogane, fela o akaretsa bontsi jwa borwa le botlhaba jwa Aforika kwa borwa jwa [[:en:Sahara|Sahara]] . [[:en:Subspecies|Mefuta e potlana]] e le thataro kgotsa e le supa e lemogilwe, go akaretsa le quagga e go neng go akanngwa gore ke mofuta o o farologaneng. Dipatlisiso tsa sešweng di tshegetsa dipharologano mo dipalopalong tsa dipitse tsa naga e le phetogo e e diragalang ka bonya mo diponagalong go na le mefutapotlana. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di magareng ka bogolo magareng ga [[:en:Grévy's_zebra|pitse ya naga e kgolo ya Grévy]] le [[:en:Mountain_zebra|pitse ya naga ya dithaba]] e nnye mme di na le go nna le meradi e e sephara go feta tse pedi tse . Pharologano e kgolo mo thulaganyong ya meradi ya letlalo e teng magareng ga di-pharologanong le batho ka bongwe. Lefelo la bonno la dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng ka kakaretso, mme e seng fela, ke mafelo a bojang a a senang ditlhare le dikgwa tsa savanna, tsa boboatsatsi le tsa bothitho. Ka kakaretso di tila sekaka, dikgwa tse di kitlaneng tsa pula le mafelo a a metsi a sennela ruri. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di jewa ke [[:en:Lion|ditau]] le [[:en:Spotted_hyena|diphiri tse di marontho]], [[:en:Nile_crocodile|dikwena tsa Nile]] le, ka selekanyo se sennye, [[:en:African_leopard|nkwe]], [[:en:Cheetah|mangau]] le [[:en:African_wild_dog|dintša tsa naga tsa Aforika.]] Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng ke mofuta o o nang le loago thata, di bopa ditlhopa tsa tse di namagadi tse di laolwang ke nngwe ya [[:en:Stallion|pitse tse di tona]] , [[:en:Mare|dipitse]] [[:en:Mare|tse di namagadi]] di le mmalwa le bana ba tsona ba bošeng; ditlhopha tse di tona tse di iseng di nne le di namagadi le tsone di a bopega. Ditlhopha di ka nna tsa kopana go bopa metlhape. Diphologolo di nna di disitse diphologolo tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe; di bogola kgotsa di tlhotlhora fa di bona sebatana se se jang ditshedi tse dingwe mme dipitsi tse di namagadi tse di laolwang ke nngwe ya tse di tona e tlhasela dibatana tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe go sireletsa di namagadi tsa yone. Pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e santse e tlwaelesegile mo [[:en:Game_reserve|mafelong a a sireletsang diphologolo]], mme e tshosediwa ke ditiro tsa batho, jaaka go tsoma nama le letlalo la yona, ga mmogo le kgaisano le [[:en:Livestock|leruo]] le go tsenelela ka go lema mo bontsing jwa [[:en:Habitat|bonno]] jwa yona. Tatlhegelo ya mabala a bojang a a bulegileng ka ntlha ya [[:en:Woody_plant_encroachment|go tsenelela ga dimela tsa logong]] e oketsa bodiphatsa jwa go ja diphologolo tse dingwe mme ka jalo le bonno. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di kwadilwe jaaka tse di [[:en:Near_threatened|gaufi le go tshosediwa]] ke [[:en:IUCN|IUCN]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2016. Palo ya mefuta e tlhomame mme ga e mo kotsing ya go nyelela, le fa palo ya tsone mo dinageng di le dintsi e fokotsegile thata. == Thulaganyo ya ditshedi == Pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e ne ya tlhaolwa semmuso ke moithutadiphologolo wa lefatshe la Britain e bong [[:en:John_Edward_Gray|John Edward Gray]] ka ngwaga wa 1824 ele Equus burchellii. Morago ga gore quagga, e e tlhalosiwang ke [[:en:Pieter_Boddaert|Pieter Boddaert]] ka ngwaga wa 1785, e fitlhelwe e le mofuta o le mongwe mo ngwagakgolong wa masome a mabedi le bongwe , pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e ne ya bewa gape jaaka Equus quagga ka ntlha ya [[:en:Principle_of_priority|molawana wa go nna kwa pele]].Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng le [[:en:Mountain_zebra|dipitse tsa naga tsa dithaba]] ka tlwaelo di ne di bewa mo [[:en:Subgenus|mofuteng o monnye]] wa ''Hippotigris'', go farologana le [[:en:Grévy's_zebra|pitse ya naga ya ga Grévy]], e e neng e tsewa e le yona fela mofuta wa mofutapotlana wa ''Dolichohippus''; le fa go ntse jalo, bosupi jwa bošeng ( ngwaga wa 2013) jwa bosupi jwa [[:en:Phylogenetic|losika lwa ditshedi]] bo fitlhela gore dipitse tsa naga tsa dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di gaufi thata le dipitse tsa naga tsa Grévy go na le dipitse tsa dithaba.Groves le Bell (ngwaga wa 2004) ba baya mefuta yotlhe e meraro mo mofuteng o monnye wa ''Hippotigris'',[8] mme dipitse tsa naga di lebega e le [[:en:Monophyletic|losika lwa mofuta o le mongwe]]. Mo mafelong a dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng tse di [[:en:Sympatric|nnang le mo lefelong le le lengwe]] le dipitse tsa naga tsa Grévy, go di fitlhela mo metlhapeng e le mengwe ga go a tlwaelega, mme go nna le [[:en:Zebroid|dipopego tsa mefuta tse di kgonang go tsala]] tse di diragalang. === Mofuta yo mmotlana === Mo patlisisong ya bone ya ngwaga wa 2004 ya dipharologano tsa tlhogo le tsa matlhare fa gare ga sekao, Groves le Bell ba ne ba bona tshegetso ya go kgaoganya pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng go nna mefutapotlana e merataro. Ka dinako tse dingwe go lemogwa mofutapotlana wa bosupa. Go ne go akanngwa gore pitse ya naga ya ga Burchell e ne e tsomiwa go fitlha e nyelela. Le fa go ntse jalo, Groves le Bell ba ne ba swetsa ka gore "pitse ya naga ya Burchell e e sa tlholeng e le teng ke kgopolo e e sa ikaegang ka bosupi bope". Thuto e e kelotlhoko ya dipalopalo tsa ntlha tsa dipitse tsa naga kwa Zululand le Eswatini le matlalo a a tserweng mo dipolaseng tsa diphologolo kwa Zululand le Natal e senotse gore karolo e e rileng e nnye e bontsha go tshwana le se jaanong se tsewang jaaka ''burchellii'' e e tlwaelegileng. Dibaka tsa mofuta tsa mefutapotlana ya ''Equus quagga burchellii'' le ''Equus quagga antiquorum'' di gaufi thata mo eleng gore bobedi bo tota bo ke bongwe hela , ka jalo, e kgolo ya maina a mabedi a e tshwanetse go tlapele go feta e nnye . Ba ne ba akantsha gore leina le le siameng la mofutapotlana e tshwanetse go nna ''burchellii'', e seng ''antiquorum''.[8] Thutopatlisiso ya tsa bosika ya 2005 e netefaditse gore quagga ke mofuta o le mongwe le pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng. E bontshitse gore quagga e ne e na le mefutafuta e mennye ya tsa bosika le gore e ne e fapoga go tswa mo mefuteng e mengwe ya dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng dingwaga di le dikete tse lekgolo le masome a mabedi go ya kwa kwa diketeng tse makgolo a mabedi le borobabongwe tse di fetileng, ka nako ya [[:en:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] le, gongwe, nako ya bobedi go tswa ko bofelong ya fa dikgapetla tsa kapoko di ne di atogile thata. Mokgwa wa yona o o tlhaolegileng wa kobo o ka tswa o fetogile ka bonako ka ntlha ya go itlhaola ga thutafatshe le/kgotsa go tlwaela tikologo e e omileng. Mo godimo ga moo, mefuta e potlana ya dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng e na le go nna le meradi e mennye fa e ntse e nna kwa borwa, mme quagga e ne e le yone e e neng e tshela kwa borwa go gaisa tsotlhe. Setshwantsho sa cladogram se se nolofaditsweng sa kamano ya losika lwa ditshedi se se fa tlase se ikaegile ka tshekatsheko ya ngwaga wa 2005 (mefuta mengwe e ne ele ya di-tlhopa tsa matshwao a boswa a DNA tse di abelanwang mme ka jalo di ne di ka se kgone go farologanngwa):[12] Thutopatlisiso ya DNA ya 2018 ga e a fitlhela bosupi bope jwa popego ya mefutapotlana mo dipitseng tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng mme, boemong jwa seo, e lemogile tsweletso ya boswa jwa ditshedi go tswa bokone go ya borwa. Dipalopalo tsa dipitse tsa naga tsa segompieno tsa kwa mabaleng di lebega di simolotse kwa Borwa jwa Aforika dingwaga di ka nna dikete di le makgolo a mararo le masome a supa tse di fetileng ka dipitse tsa naga tsa dipoa kwa Uganda, palo e e kwa bokone thata, e le yone e e tlhaolegileng thata. t8eqa7t72rhh85de66t03t37275g4ms 52381 52380 2026-07-12T19:42:50Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52381 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng''' ( '''''Equus quagga''''', e e kileng ya bo e le ''Equus burchellii'' ) ke mofuta o o tlwaelegileng thata wa [[:en:Zebra|pitse ya naga]] . Motseletsele wa yona o kgaogane, fela o akaretsa bontsi jwa borwa le botlhaba jwa Aforika kwa borwa jwa [[:en:Sahara|Sahara]] . [[:en:Subspecies|Mefuta e potlana]] e le thataro kgotsa e le supa e lemogilwe, go akaretsa le quagga e go neng go akanngwa gore ke mofuta o o farologaneng. Dipatlisiso tsa sešweng di tshegetsa dipharologano mo dipalopalong tsa dipitse tsa naga e le phetogo e e diragalang ka bonya mo diponagalong go na le mefutapotlana. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di magareng ka bogolo magareng ga [[:en:Grévy's_zebra|pitse ya naga e kgolo ya Grévy]] le [[:en:Mountain_zebra|pitse ya naga ya dithaba]] e nnye mme di na le go nna le meradi e e sephara go feta tse pedi tse . Pharologano e kgolo mo thulaganyong ya meradi ya letlalo e teng magareng ga di-pharologanong le batho ka bongwe. Lefelo la bonno la dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng ka kakaretso, mme e seng fela, ke mafelo a bojang a a senang ditlhare le dikgwa tsa savanna, tsa boboatsatsi le tsa bothitho. Ka kakaretso di tila sekaka, dikgwa tse di kitlaneng tsa pula le mafelo a a metsi a sennela ruri. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di jewa ke [[:en:Lion|ditau]] le [[:en:Spotted_hyena|diphiri tse di marontho]], [[:en:Nile_crocodile|dikwena tsa Nile]] le, ka selekanyo se sennye, [[:en:African_leopard|nkwe]], [[:en:Cheetah|mangau]] le [[:en:African_wild_dog|dintša tsa naga tsa Aforika.]] Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng ke mofuta o o nang le loago thata, di bopa ditlhopa tsa tse di namagadi tse di laolwang ke nngwe ya [[:en:Stallion|pitse tse di tona]] , [[:en:Mare|dipitse]] [[:en:Mare|tse di namagadi]] di le mmalwa le bana ba tsona ba bošeng; ditlhopha tse di tona tse di iseng di nne le di namagadi le tsone di a bopega. Ditlhopha di ka nna tsa kopana go bopa metlhape. Diphologolo di nna di disitse diphologolo tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe; di bogola kgotsa di tlhotlhora fa di bona sebatana se se jang ditshedi tse dingwe mme dipitsi tse di namagadi tse di laolwang ke nngwe ya tse di tona e tlhasela dibatana tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe go sireletsa di namagadi tsa yone. Pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e santse e tlwaelesegile mo [[:en:Game_reserve|mafelong a a sireletsang diphologolo]], mme e tshosediwa ke ditiro tsa batho, jaaka go tsoma nama le letlalo la yona, ga mmogo le kgaisano le [[:en:Livestock|leruo]] le go tsenelela ka go lema mo bontsing jwa [[:en:Habitat|bonno]] jwa yona. Tatlhegelo ya mabala a bojang a a bulegileng ka ntlha ya [[:en:Woody_plant_encroachment|go tsenelela ga dimela tsa logong]] e oketsa bodiphatsa jwa go ja diphologolo tse dingwe mme ka jalo le bonno. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di kwadilwe jaaka tse di [[:en:Near_threatened|gaufi le go tshosediwa]] ke [[:en:IUCN|IUCN]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2016. Palo ya mefuta e tlhomame mme ga e mo kotsing ya go nyelela, le fa palo ya tsone mo dinageng di le dintsi e fokotsegile thata. == Thulaganyo ya ditshedi == Pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e ne ya tlhaolwa semmuso ke moithutadiphologolo wa lefatshe la Britain e bong [[:en:John_Edward_Gray|John Edward Gray]] ka ngwaga wa 1824 ele Equus burchellii. Morago ga gore quagga, e e tlhalosiwang ke [[:en:Pieter_Boddaert|Pieter Boddaert]] ka ngwaga wa 1785, e fitlhelwe e le mofuta o le mongwe mo ngwagakgolong wa masome a mabedi le bongwe , pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e ne ya bewa gape jaaka Equus quagga ka ntlha ya [[:en:Principle_of_priority|molawana wa go nna kwa pele]].Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng le [[:en:Mountain_zebra|dipitse tsa naga tsa dithaba]] ka tlwaelo di ne di bewa mo [[:en:Subgenus|mofuteng o monnye]] wa ''Hippotigris'', go farologana le [[:en:Grévy's_zebra|pitse ya naga ya ga Grévy]], e e neng e tsewa e le yona fela mofuta wa mofutapotlana wa ''Dolichohippus''; le fa go ntse jalo, bosupi jwa bošeng ( ngwaga wa 2013) jwa bosupi jwa [[:en:Phylogenetic|losika lwa ditshedi]] bo fitlhela gore dipitse tsa naga tsa dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di gaufi thata le dipitse tsa naga tsa Grévy go na le dipitse tsa dithaba.Groves le Bell (ngwaga wa 2004) ba baya mefuta yotlhe e meraro mo mofuteng o monnye wa ''Hippotigris'',[8] mme dipitse tsa naga di lebega e le [[:en:Monophyletic|losika lwa mofuta o le mongwe]]. Mo mafelong a dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng tse di [[:en:Sympatric|nnang le mo lefelong le le lengwe]] le dipitse tsa naga tsa Grévy, go di fitlhela mo metlhapeng e le mengwe ga go a tlwaelega, mme go nna le [[:en:Zebroid|dipopego tsa mefuta tse di kgonang go tsala]] tse di diragalang. === Mofuta yo mmotlana === Mo patlisisong ya bone ya ngwaga wa 2004 ya dipharologano tsa tlhogo le tsa matlhare fa gare ga sekao, Groves le Bell ba ne ba bona tshegetso ya go kgaoganya pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng go nna mefutapotlana e merataro. Ka dinako tse dingwe go lemogwa mofutapotlana wa bosupa. Go ne go akanngwa gore pitse ya naga ya ga Burchell e ne e tsomiwa go fitlha e nyelela. Le fa go ntse jalo, Groves le Bell ba ne ba swetsa ka gore "pitse ya naga ya Burchell e e sa tlholeng e le teng ke kgopolo e e sa ikaegang ka bosupi bope". Thuto e e kelotlhoko ya dipalopalo tsa ntlha tsa dipitse tsa naga kwa Zululand le Eswatini le matlalo a a tserweng mo dipolaseng tsa diphologolo kwa Zululand le Natal e senotse gore karolo e e rileng e nnye e bontsha go tshwana le se jaanong se tsewang jaaka ''burchellii'' e e tlwaelegileng. Dibaka tsa mofuta tsa mefutapotlana ya ''Equus quagga burchellii'' le ''Equus quagga antiquorum'' di gaufi thata mo eleng gore bobedi bo tota bo ke bongwe hela , ka jalo, e kgolo ya maina a mabedi a e tshwanetse go tlapele go feta e nnye . Ba ne ba akantsha gore leina le le siameng la mofutapotlana e tshwanetse go nna ''burchellii'', e seng ''antiquorum''.[8] Thutopatlisiso ya tsa bosika ya 2005 e netefaditse gore quagga ke mofuta o le mongwe le pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng. E bontshitse gore quagga e ne e na le mefutafuta e mennye ya tsa bosika le gore e ne e fapoga go tswa mo mefuteng e mengwe ya dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng dingwaga di le dikete tse lekgolo le masome a mabedi go ya kwa kwa diketeng tse makgolo a mabedi le borobabongwe tse di fetileng, ka nako ya [[:en:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] le, gongwe, nako ya bobedi go tswa ko bofelong ya fa dikgapetla tsa kapoko di ne di atogile thata. Mokgwa wa yona o o tlhaolegileng wa kobo o ka tswa o fetogile ka bonako ka ntlha ya go itlhaola ga thutafatshe le/kgotsa go tlwaela tikologo e e omileng. Mo godimo ga moo, mefuta e potlana ya dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng e na le go nna le meradi e mennye fa e ntse e nna kwa borwa, mme quagga e ne e le yone e e neng e tshela kwa borwa go gaisa tsotlhe. [[:en:Cladogram|Setshwantsho sa kamano ya losika lwa ditshedi]] se se nolofaditsweng se se fa tlase se ikaegile ka tshekatsheko ya ngwaga wa 2005 (mefuta mengwe e ne ele ya [[:en:Haplotype|ditlhopa tsa matshwao a boswa a DNA]] tse di abelanwang mme ka jalo di ne di ka se kgone go farologanngwa):[12] Thutopatlisiso ya DNA ya 2018 ga e a fitlhela bosupi bope jwa popego ya mefutapotlana mo dipitseng tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng mme, boemong jwa seo, e lemogile tsweletso ya boswa jwa ditshedi go tswa bokone go ya borwa. Dipalopalo tsa dipitse tsa naga tsa segompieno tsa kwa mabaleng di lebega di simolotse kwa Borwa jwa Aforika dingwaga di ka nna dikete di le makgolo a mararo le masome a supa tse di fetileng ka dipitse tsa naga tsa dipoa kwa Uganda, palo e e kwa bokone thata, e le yone e e tlhaolegileng thata. == Tlhaloso ya mmele == [[Setshwantsho:Equus burchelli - Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology - DSC02371.JPG|thumb|Pontsho ya marapo kwa [[:en:Kunming_Natural_History_Museum_of_Zoology|mabolokelong a ditso tsa tlhago a Thuto ya diphologolo a Kunming]], kwa [[:en:Kunming|Kunming]], [[:en:Yunnan|Yunnan]], China]] Pitse ya naga ya kwa nabaleng e eme ka bogodimo jwa selekanyo sa boleele jwa lekgolo le masome a mabedi le bosupa go ya kwa lekgolong le masome a mane (masome a matlhano go ya kwa masomeng a matlhano le botlhano a boleele jwa di intshi) ka selekanyo sa boleele jwa tlhogo-mmele jwa sa di sentimetara tsa makgolo a mabedi le lesome le bosupa go ya go kwa makgolong a mabedi le masome a mane le borataro ( selekanyo sa intshi tse masome a borobabobedi le botlhano go ya kwa masome a boreabobongwe le bosupa) le boleele jwa mogatla jwa masome a mane le bosupa go ya kwa masomeng a matlhano le borataro le sephatlho (boleele jwa di intshi tse lesome leborobabobedi le sephatlo go ya kwa masomeng a mabedi le bobedi le ntlha pedi). Tse di tona di bokete makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi go ya kwa makgolong a mararo le masome a mabedi le bobedi (bokete jwa ponto tse makgolo a mane le masome a borobabobedi le botlhano go ya kwa makgolong a supa le lesome) fa tse di namagadi di le bokete jwa dikgerama dile sekete di le lekgolo le masome a supa le botlhano go ya kwa makgolong mabedi le masome a matlhano (bokete jwa ponto tse makgolo a mararo le masome a borobabobedi le borataro go ya kwa makgolong a matlhano le masome a matlhano le bongwe).<ref>Kingdon, J. (1988). East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa, Volume 3, Part B: Large Mammals. University of Chicago Press. pp. 165–179. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-226-43722-4|978-0-226-43722-4]].</ref> Mofuta o o mo magareng ka bogolo fa gare ga pitse e kgolo ya Grévy le pitse e nnye ya dithaba. E na le mmele o o mokhutshwane o o bopaganeng o o nang le maoto a makhutshwane le legata le le nang le phatla e e konegileng kwa ntle le sebopego sa nko e konegileng mo teng. Molala o mokima mo go tse ditonanyana go na le mo go tse di namagadi. Ditsebe di tlhamaletse mme di na le dintlha tse di kgolokwe. Di dikhutshwane go feta tsa pitse ya naga ya dithaba mme di tshesane go feta tsa pitse ya naga ya Grévy. Jaaka ka dipitse tsotlhe tsa naga, pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e na le moriri o o emeng mo molaleng le setlhopha sa moriri kwa bofelong jwa mogatla.<ref>Grubb, P. (1981). [[doi:10.2307/3503962|"Equus burchellii]]". Mammalian Species (157): 1–9. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/3503962|10.2307/3503962]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3503962 3503962].</ref><ref>Rubenstein, D. I. (2001). "Horse, Zebras and Asses". In MacDonald, D. W. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Mammals (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 468. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7607-1969-5|978-0-7607-1969-5]].</ref><ref name=":0">Skinner, J. D.; Chimimba, C. T. (2006). The Mammals of the Southern African Sub-region. Cambridge University Press. pp. 243–246. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-521-84418-5|978-0-521-84418-5]].</ref>Moriri wa mmele wa pitse ya naga ke milimetara tse borobabongwe le ntlha e nngwe go oketsega kapa go fokotsega ka bone (bokete jwa diponto tse lefela le ntlha tse di masome a mararo le bosupa go oketsega kapa go fokotsega ka bokete jwa diponto tse lefela le ntlha e nngwe le borataro),<ref name=":0" /> o mokhutshwane go feta wa diphologolo tse dingwe tsa Aforika tse di nang le dinala.[18] f7zn8xeipngf9dyfxd0vm4j88soog7k 52382 52381 2026-07-12T21:26:12Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52382 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng''' ( '''''Equus quagga''''', e e kileng ya bo e le ''Equus burchellii'' ) ke mofuta o o tlwaelegileng thata wa [[:en:Zebra|pitse ya naga]] . Motseletsele wa yona o kgaogane, fela o akaretsa bontsi jwa borwa le botlhaba jwa Aforika kwa borwa jwa [[:en:Sahara|Sahara]] . [[:en:Subspecies|Mefuta e potlana]] e le thataro kgotsa e le supa e lemogilwe, go akaretsa le quagga e go neng go akanngwa gore ke mofuta o o farologaneng. Dipatlisiso tsa sešweng di tshegetsa dipharologano mo dipalopalong tsa dipitse tsa naga e le phetogo e e diragalang ka bonya mo diponagalong go na le mefutapotlana. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di magareng ka bogolo magareng ga [[:en:Grévy's_zebra|pitse ya naga e kgolo ya Grévy]] le [[:en:Mountain_zebra|pitse ya naga ya dithaba]] e nnye mme di na le go nna le meradi e e sephara go feta tse pedi tse . Pharologano e kgolo mo thulaganyong ya meradi ya letlalo e teng magareng ga di-pharologanong le batho ka bongwe. Lefelo la bonno la dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng ka kakaretso, mme e seng fela, ke mafelo a bojang a a senang ditlhare le dikgwa tsa savanna, tsa boboatsatsi le tsa bothitho. Ka kakaretso di tila sekaka, dikgwa tse di kitlaneng tsa pula le mafelo a a metsi a sennela ruri. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di jewa ke [[:en:Lion|ditau]] le [[:en:Spotted_hyena|diphiri tse di marontho]], [[:en:Nile_crocodile|dikwena tsa Nile]] le, ka selekanyo se sennye, [[:en:African_leopard|nkwe]], [[:en:Cheetah|mangau]] le [[:en:African_wild_dog|dintša tsa naga tsa Aforika.]] Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng ke mofuta o o nang le loago thata, di bopa ditlhopa tsa tse di namagadi tse di laolwang ke nngwe ya [[:en:Stallion|pitse tse di tona]] , [[:en:Mare|dipitse]] [[:en:Mare|tse di namagadi]] di le mmalwa le bana ba tsona ba bošeng; ditlhopha tse di tona tse di iseng di nne le di namagadi le tsone di a bopega. Ditlhopha di ka nna tsa kopana go bopa metlhape. Diphologolo di nna di disitse diphologolo tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe; di bogola kgotsa di tlhotlhora fa di bona sebatana se se jang ditshedi tse dingwe mme dipitsi tse di namagadi tse di laolwang ke nngwe ya tse di tona e tlhasela dibatana tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe go sireletsa di namagadi tsa yone. Pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e santse e tlwaelesegile mo [[:en:Game_reserve|mafelong a a sireletsang diphologolo]], mme e tshosediwa ke ditiro tsa batho, jaaka go tsoma nama le letlalo la yona, ga mmogo le kgaisano le [[:en:Livestock|leruo]] le go tsenelela ka go lema mo bontsing jwa [[:en:Habitat|bonno]] jwa yona. Tatlhegelo ya mabala a bojang a a bulegileng ka ntlha ya [[:en:Woody_plant_encroachment|go tsenelela ga dimela tsa logong]] e oketsa bodiphatsa jwa go ja diphologolo tse dingwe mme ka jalo le bonno. <ref name=":1">Chen, Anping; Reperant, Leslie; Fischhoff, Ilya R.; Rubenstein, Daniel I. (2021-07-01). [[doi:10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100001|"Increased vigilance of plains zebras (Equus quagga) in response to more bush coverage in a Kenyan savanna"]]. Climate Change Ecology. 1 100001. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021CCEco...100001C 2021CCEco...100001C]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100001|10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100001]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2666-9005 2666-9005].</ref>Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di kwadilwe jaaka tse di [[:en:Near_threatened|gaufi le go tshosediwa]] ke [[:en:IUCN|IUCN]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2016. Palo ya mefuta e tlhomame mme ga e mo kotsing ya go nyelela, le fa palo ya tsone mo dinageng di le dintsi e fokotsegile thata. == Thulaganyo ya ditshedi == Pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e ne ya tlhaolwa semmuso ke moithutadiphologolo wa lefatshe la Britain e bong [[:en:John_Edward_Gray|John Edward Gray]] ka ngwaga wa 1824 ele Equus burchellii. Morago ga gore quagga, e e tlhalosiwang ke [[:en:Pieter_Boddaert|Pieter Boddaert]] ka ngwaga wa 1785, e fitlhelwe e le mofuta o le mongwe mo ngwagakgolong wa masome a mabedi le bongwe , pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e ne ya bewa gape jaaka Equus quagga ka ntlha ya [[:en:Principle_of_priority|molawana wa go nna kwa pele]].Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng le [[:en:Mountain_zebra|dipitse tsa naga tsa dithaba]] ka tlwaelo di ne di bewa mo [[:en:Subgenus|mofuteng o monnye]] wa ''Hippotigris'', go farologana le [[:en:Grévy's_zebra|pitse ya naga ya ga Grévy]], e e neng e tsewa e le yona fela mofuta wa mofutapotlana wa ''Dolichohippus''; le fa go ntse jalo, bosupi jwa bošeng ( ngwaga wa 2013) jwa bosupi jwa [[:en:Phylogenetic|losika lwa ditshedi]] bo fitlhela gore dipitse tsa naga tsa dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di gaufi thata le dipitse tsa naga tsa Grévy go na le dipitse tsa dithaba.Groves le Bell (ngwaga wa 2004) ba baya mefuta yotlhe e meraro mo mofuteng o monnye wa ''Hippotigris'',[8] mme dipitse tsa naga di lebega e le [[:en:Monophyletic|losika lwa mofuta o le mongwe]]. Mo mafelong a dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng tse di [[:en:Sympatric|nnang le mo lefelong le le lengwe]] le dipitse tsa naga tsa Grévy, go di fitlhela mo metlhapeng e le mengwe ga go a tlwaelega, mme go nna le [[:en:Zebroid|dipopego tsa mefuta tse di kgonang go tsala]] tse di diragalang. === Mofuta yo mmotlana === Mo patlisisong ya bone ya ngwaga wa 2004 ya dipharologano tsa tlhogo le tsa matlhare fa gare ga sekao, Groves le Bell ba ne ba bona tshegetso ya go kgaoganya pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng go nna mefutapotlana e merataro. Ka dinako tse dingwe go lemogwa mofutapotlana wa bosupa. Go ne go akanngwa gore pitse ya naga ya ga Burchell e ne e tsomiwa go fitlha e nyelela. Le fa go ntse jalo, Groves le Bell ba ne ba swetsa ka gore "pitse ya naga ya Burchell e e sa tlholeng e le teng ke kgopolo e e sa ikaegang ka bosupi bope". Thuto e e kelotlhoko ya dipalopalo tsa ntlha tsa dipitse tsa naga kwa Zululand le Eswatini le matlalo a a tserweng mo dipolaseng tsa diphologolo kwa Zululand le Natal e senotse gore karolo e e rileng e nnye e bontsha go tshwana le se jaanong se tsewang jaaka ''burchellii'' e e tlwaelegileng. Dibaka tsa mofuta tsa mefutapotlana ya ''Equus quagga burchellii'' le ''Equus quagga antiquorum'' di gaufi thata mo eleng gore bobedi bo tota bo ke bongwe hela , ka jalo, e kgolo ya maina a mabedi a e tshwanetse go tlapele go feta e nnye . Ba ne ba akantsha gore leina le le siameng la mofutapotlana e tshwanetse go nna ''burchellii'', e seng ''antiquorum''.[8] Thutopatlisiso ya tsa bosika ya 2005 e netefaditse gore quagga ke mofuta o le mongwe le pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng. E bontshitse gore quagga e ne e na le mefutafuta e mennye ya tsa bosika le gore e ne e fapoga go tswa mo mefuteng e mengwe ya dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng dingwaga di le dikete tse lekgolo le masome a mabedi go ya kwa kwa diketeng tse makgolo a mabedi le borobabongwe tse di fetileng, ka nako ya [[:en:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] le, gongwe, nako ya bobedi go tswa ko bofelong ya fa dikgapetla tsa kapoko di ne di atogile thata. Mokgwa wa yona o o tlhaolegileng wa kobo o ka tswa o fetogile ka bonako ka ntlha ya go itlhaola ga thutafatshe le/kgotsa go tlwaela tikologo e e omileng. Mo godimo ga moo, mefuta e potlana ya dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng e na le go nna le meradi e mennye fa e ntse e nna kwa borwa, mme quagga e ne e le yone e e neng e tshela kwa borwa go gaisa tsotlhe. [[:en:Cladogram|Setshwantsho sa kamano ya losika lwa ditshedi]] se se nolofaditsweng se se fa tlase se ikaegile ka tshekatsheko ya ngwaga wa 2005 (mefuta mengwe e ne ele ya [[:en:Haplotype|ditlhopa tsa matshwao a boswa a DNA]] tse di abelanwang mme ka jalo di ne di ka se kgone go farologanngwa):[12] Thutopatlisiso ya DNA ya 2018 ga e a fitlhela bosupi bope jwa popego ya mefutapotlana mo dipitseng tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng mme, boemong jwa seo, e lemogile tsweletso ya boswa jwa ditshedi go tswa bokone go ya borwa. Dipalopalo tsa dipitse tsa naga tsa segompieno tsa kwa mabaleng di lebega di simolotse kwa Borwa jwa Aforika dingwaga di ka nna dikete di le makgolo a mararo le masome a supa tse di fetileng ka dipitse tsa naga tsa dipoa kwa Uganda, palo e e kwa bokone thata, e le yone e e tlhaolegileng thata. == Tlhaloso ya mmele == [[Setshwantsho:Equus burchelli - Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology - DSC02371.JPG|thumb|Pontsho ya marapo kwa [[:en:Kunming_Natural_History_Museum_of_Zoology|mabolokelong a ditso tsa tlhago a Thuto ya diphologolo a Kunming]], kwa [[:en:Kunming|Kunming]], [[:en:Yunnan|Yunnan]], China]] Pitse ya naga ya kwa nabaleng e eme ka bogodimo jwa selekanyo sa boleele jwa lekgolo le masome a mabedi le bosupa go ya kwa lekgolong le masome a mane (masome a matlhano go ya kwa masomeng a matlhano le botlhano a boleele jwa di intshi) ka selekanyo sa boleele jwa tlhogo-mmele jwa sa di sentimetara tsa makgolo a mabedi le lesome le bosupa go ya go kwa makgolong a mabedi le masome a mane le borataro ( selekanyo sa intshi tse masome a borobabobedi le botlhano go ya kwa masome a boreabobongwe le bosupa) le boleele jwa mogatla jwa masome a mane le bosupa go ya kwa masomeng a matlhano le borataro le sephatlho (boleele jwa di intshi tse lesome leborobabobedi le sephatlo go ya kwa masomeng a mabedi le bobedi le ntlha pedi). Tse di tona di bokete makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi go ya kwa makgolong a mararo le masome a mabedi le bobedi (bokete jwa ponto tse makgolo a mane le masome a borobabobedi le botlhano go ya kwa makgolong a supa le lesome) fa tse di namagadi di le bokete jwa dikgerama dile sekete di le lekgolo le masome a supa le botlhano go ya kwa makgolong mabedi le masome a matlhano (bokete jwa ponto tse makgolo a mararo le masome a borobabobedi le borataro go ya kwa makgolong a matlhano le masome a matlhano le bongwe).<ref name=":2">Kingdon, J. (1988). East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa, Volume 3, Part B: Large Mammals. University of Chicago Press. pp. 165–179. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-226-43722-4|978-0-226-43722-4]].</ref> Mofuta o o mo magareng ka bogolo fa gare ga pitse e kgolo ya Grévy le pitse e nnye ya dithaba. E na le mmele o o mokhutshwane o o bopaganeng o o nang le maoto a makhutshwane le legata le le nang le phatla e e konegileng kwa ntle le sebopego sa nko e konegileng mo teng. Molala o mokima mo go tse ditonanyana go na le mo go tse di namagadi. Ditsebe di tlhamaletse mme di na le dintlha tse di kgolokwe. Di dikhutshwane go feta tsa pitse ya naga ya dithaba mme di tshesane go feta tsa pitse ya naga ya Grévy. Jaaka ka dipitse tsotlhe tsa naga, pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e na le moriri o o emeng mo molaleng le setlhopha sa moriri kwa bofelong jwa mogatla.<ref name=":3">Grubb, P. (1981). [[doi:10.2307/3503962|"Equus burchellii]]". Mammalian Species (157): 1–9. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/3503962|10.2307/3503962]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3503962 3503962].</ref><ref>Rubenstein, D. I. (2001). "Horse, Zebras and Asses". In MacDonald, D. W. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Mammals (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 468. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7607-1969-5|978-0-7607-1969-5]].</ref><ref name=":0">Skinner, J. D.; Chimimba, C. T. (2006). The Mammals of the Southern African Sub-region. Cambridge University Press. pp. 243–246. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-521-84418-5|978-0-521-84418-5]].</ref>Moriri wa mmele wa pitse ya naga ke milimetara tse borobabongwe le ntlha e nngwe go oketsega kapa go fokotsega ka bone (bokete jwa diponto tse lefela le ntlha tse di masome a mararo le bosupa go oketsega kapa go fokotsega ka bokete jwa diponto tse lefela le ntlha e nngwe le borataro),<ref name=":0" /> o mokhutshwane go feta wa diphologolo tse dingwe tsa Aforika tse di nang le dinala.<ref>[[:en:Tim_Caro|Caro, T.]]; Izzo, A.; Reiner, R. C.; Walker, H.; Stankowich, T (2014). "[[doi:10.1038/ncomms4535|The function of zebra stripes".]] Nature Communications. 5 3535. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014NatCo...5.3535C 2014NatCo...5.3535C]. doi:10.1038/ncomms4535. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24691390 24691390].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Zebras in Tanzania 4310 Nevit.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se se gaufi sa mofuta wa meradi wa pitse ya naga kwa Tanzania]] Jaaka dipitse tsa naga tsotlhe, di na le meradi e e bopelokgale ka bontsho le bosweu mme ga go na dipitse tse pedi tse di lebegang di tshwana . Fa e bapisiwa le mefuta e mengwe, pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e na le meradi e e sephara. Meradi e eme ka boleele mo karolong e e kwa pele ya mmele, mme e sekamela kwa go e e rapaletseng mo dikarolong tse di kwa morago. Dipalopalo tsa dipitse tsa naga tsa bokone di na le meradi e e mesesane le e e tlhalositsweng sentle; dipalopalo tsa borwa di na le meradi e e farologaneng fela e mennye mo dikarolong tse di kwa tlase, maoto le dikarolo tsa kwa morago. Dipalopalo tsa borwa le tsone di na le meradi e e tshetla ya "moriti" magareng ga mmala o montsho le o mosweu. Tse ga di yo kgotsa ga di tlhagisiwe sentle mo dipitseng tsa naga tsa bokone. Boboa jwa botsalo jwa namane bo bo setlha le bosweu mme bosetlha bo nna lefifi fa bo ntse bo gola.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>Hack, Mace A.; East, Rod; Rubenstein, Dan J. (2002). [[iarchive:equidszebrasasse0000unse/page/43|"Status and Action Plan for the Plains Zebra (Equus burchelli)]]". In Moehlman, P. D. (ed.). [[iarchive:equidszebrasasse0000unse|Equids. Zebras, Asses and Horses. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan]]. IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group. IUCN. pp. 43–57. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-0647-4|978-2-8317-0647-4]].</ref> Go begilwe diphetogo tse di sa tlwaelesegang tsa sekao mo dipitseng tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng. Dipitse tsa naga tse di naleng mmala o montsho thata di na le meradi e mentsho e e mentsi mo mmeleng mme di na le meradi e e potlana mo maotong. Ditshedi tse di "nang le marontho" di supa dikgoreletsi mo dikao tse dintsho tsa meradi.<ref name=":4">Larison, Brenda; Kaelin, Christopher B.; Harrigan, Ryan; et al. (2020). "Population structure, inbreeding and stripe pattern abnormalities in plains zebras". Molecular Ecology. 30 (2): 379–390. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/mec.15728|10.1111/mec.15728]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33174253 33174253]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:226305574 226305574].</ref> Go nnile le dipopego tse di nang le mabala a masweu mo lemoragong le lentsho.<ref>Caro, Tim (2016). [https://books.google.com/books?id=3o-EDQAAQBAJ&q=zebra+stripes Zebra Stripes]. [[:en:University_of_Chicago_Press|University of Chicago Press]]. p. 20. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-226-41101-9|978-0-226-41101-9.]]</ref> Go sa tlwaelega ga go thapa go golagantswe le go tsadisana.<ref name=":4" />Dipitse tsa naga tsa albino di kwadilwe mo dikgweng tsa Thaba ya Kenya, ka methalo e mentsho e le e e bosetlha.[22] Quagga e ne e na le methalo e e borokwa le e mesweu mo tlhogong le mo molaleng, dikarolo tse di kwa godimo tse di borokwa le mpa e tshweu, mogatla le maoto.<ref>Nowak, R. M. (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World. Vol. 1. [[:en:Johns_Hopkins_University_Press|Johns Hopkins University Press]]. pp. 1024–1025. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5789-8|978-0-8018-5789-8.]]</ref> == Thutatikologo == === Khudu e e anameng le bonno jwa yone === Lefelo la dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng le ema gaufi le Sahara go tswa kwa [[:en:South_Sudan|Sudan Borwa]] le kwa borwa jwa [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] go ya kwa borwa go bapa le botlhaba jwa Afrika, go fitlha kwa Zambia, Mozambique le Malawi, pele ga go anama le kwa dinageng di le dintsi tsa borwa jwa Afrika. Di ka tswa ba ne ba nna kwa [[:en:Algeria|Algeria]] mo [[:en:Neolithic_era|motlheng wa Neolithic]]. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng ka kakaretso di nna mo mafelong a bojang a a senang ditlhare le mo dikgweng tsa savanna, fela di ka fitlhelwa mo mafelong a a farologaneng a bonno, mo mafelong a boboatsatsi le a a bothitho. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka kakaretso ga di yo mo dikakeng, mo dikgweng tse di kitlaneng tsa pula, le mo mafelong a a metsi a a nnelang ruri.<ref>Hack, Mace A.; East, Rod; Rubenstein, Dan J. (2002). [[iarchive:equidszebrasasse0000unse/page/43|"Status and Action Plan for the Plains Zebra (Equus burchelli)"]]. In Moehlman, P. D. (ed.). [[iarchive:equidszebrasasse0000unse|Equids. Zebras, Asses and Horses. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan]]. IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group. IUCN. pp. 43–57. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-0647-4|978-2-8317-0647-4]].</ref> Ka kakaretso di rata dikgwa tsa [[:en:Acacieae|Acacieae]] go na le [[:en:Commiphora|''Commiphora'']]. Di ikaegile ka metsi mme di nna mo [[:en:Mesic_habitat|ditikologong tse di naleng bongola jo bo lekanetseng]] tse dintsi go feta ditshwano tsa pitse tse dingwe tsa Aforika. Ka sewelo di kgarakgatshega seelo sa dikilometara di le lesome go fitlha kwa lesomeng le bobedi (seele sa maele sa borataro le ntlha ya bobedi go fitlha ka bosupeng le ntlha ya botlhano) go tswa kwa motsweding wa metsi. Dipitse tsa naga gape di nna mo mafelong a tlogang ka bogodimo jwa lewatle go ya ka bogodimo jwa maoto a le dikete tse nne le makgolo a mararo ( dimetara tse sekete se le sengwe le makgolo a le mararo) mo [[:en:Mount_Kenya|thabeng ya Kenya]].<ref>Estes, R. (1991). [[iarchive:isbn_0520080858|The Behavior Guide to African Mammals, Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates]]. University of California Press. pp. [[iarchive:isbn_0520080858/page/242|242–246]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08085-0|978-0-520-08085-0]].</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /> Go ikaegile ka palo, metlhape ya dipitse tsa naga e ka nna e e sa direng sepe, e le e e kitlaneng thata ka ditlhopha tse dinnye, kgotsa e e fudugang, e le e e senang batho ba le bantsi ka ditlhopha tse di farologaneng, tse di atologileng tse di omileng le tse di metsi tsa magae.<ref name=":3" /> Fa di fuduga, dipitse tsa naga di lebega di ikaegile ka kgakologelo nngwe ya mafelo a maemo a go batla dijo a neng a le botoka mme di ka bonela pele maemo dikgwedi pele ga go goroga ga tsone.<ref>Bracis, C.; Mueller, T. (2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5454266 "Memory, not just perception, plays an important role in terrestrial mammalian migration"]. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 284 (1855) 20170449. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.0449|10.1098/rspb.2017.0449]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5454266 5454266]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28539516 28539516].</ref> Go latlhegelwa ke mabala a bojang a a bulegileng ka ntlha ya go tsenelela ga dimela tsa logong go oketsa kotsi ya go ja ditshedi tse dingwe mme ka jalo bonno jwa ditshedi.<ref name=":1" /> === Dijo le go ja ditshedi tse dingwe === [[Setshwantsho:Lions and a Zebra b.jpg|thumb|Ditau di ja pitse ya naga]] Dibatana tse dikgolo tse di jang dipitse tsa naga tsa dithota ke [[:en:Lion|ditau]] le [[:en:Spotted_hyena|diphiri tse di marontho]]. Ditau di atlega thata fa di lebile ditshedi di le nosi, gantsi e tonanyana e e godileng fa diphiri di lelekisa abo di kgaoganya ditshedi mo setlhopheng, gantsi e le namagadi kgotsa namane ya namane.<ref name=":2" /> [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Dikwena tsa Nile]] le tsone di ja dipitse tsa naga fa di le gaufi le metsi.[26] Dibatana tse di sa tlwaelesegang thata tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe di akaretsa di [[:en:Leopard|nkwe]], [[:en:Cheetah|mangau]], [[:en:African_wild_dog|dintša tsa naga tsa Aforika]], tse bontsi jwa tsone di tsomang dinamane.<ref name=":3" /> Fa di na le tau, dipitse tsa naga di nna di ntshitse matlho dinameng mme di ema ka sediko se se ka nnang dimetara dile lekgolo (boleele jwa maoto a le makgolo a mararo le masome a mararo) mme e seng kwa tlase ga boleele jwa masome a matlhano(boleele jwa maoto a le lekgolo le masome a marataro). Dipitse tse ditona ka dinako tse dingwe di leka go leleka ditau ka jaaka ekete di a di tlhasela. Go farologana, dipitse tsa naga di ka atamela mangau le dintša tsa naga mme phiri e le nngwe e letlelelwa go tla selekanyo sa dimitara di le mmalwa. Go tshaba dibatana tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe, pitse ya naga e e godileng e ka taboga ka lebelo la masome a marataro go fitlhela masome a supa ka oura ( masome a mararo le bosupa go fihla masome a mane le boraro wa metara ka oura) .[14] Fa e tsomiwa ke diphiri kgotsa dintša tsa naga, setlhopa sa dipitse tsa naga tse di namagadi tse di okamweng ke e tona di nna di le gaufi le go dirisana mmogo go sireletsa maloko a a tshosediwang, segolobogolo bana. Setlhopa sa dipitse tsa naga tse di namagadi tse di okamweng ke e tona e tswelela ka go tlhasela dintša kgotsa diphiri.[9] 0bcmrqjk05pypdoyw3y8r7gtjczxgli 52394 52382 2026-07-13T11:58:30Z MmaBaggio 11091 52394 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng''' ( '''''Equus quagga''''', e e kileng ya bo e le ''Equus burchellii'' ) ke mofuta o o tlwaelegileng thata wa [[:en:Zebra|pitse ya naga]] . Motseletsele wa yona o kgaogane, fela o akaretsa bontsi jwa borwa le botlhaba jwa Aforika kwa borwa jwa [[:en:Sahara|Sahara]] . [[:en:Subspecies|Mefuta e potlana]] e le thataro kgotsa e le supa e lemogilwe, go akaretsa le quagga e go neng go akanngwa gore ke mofuta o o farologaneng. Dipatlisiso tsa sešweng di tshegetsa dipharologano mo dipalopalong tsa dipitse tsa naga e le phetogo e e diragalang ka bonya mo diponagalong go na le mefutapotlana. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di magareng ka bogolo magareng ga [[:en:Grévy's_zebra|pitse ya naga e kgolo ya Grévy]] le [[:en:Mountain_zebra|pitse ya naga ya dithaba]] e nnye mme di na le go nna le meradi e e sephara go feta tse pedi tse . Pharologano e kgolo mo thulaganyong ya meradi ya letlalo e teng magareng ga di-pharologanong le batho ka bongwe. Lefelo la bonno la dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng ka kakaretso, mme e seng fela, ke mafelo a bojang a a senang ditlhare le dikgwa tsa savanna, tsa boboatsatsi le tsa bothitho. Ka kakaretso di tila sekaka, dikgwa tse di kitlaneng tsa pula le mafelo a a metsi a sennela ruri. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di jewa ke [[:en:Lion|ditau]] le [[:en:Spotted_hyena|diphiri tse di marontho]], [[:en:Nile_crocodile|dikwena tsa Nile]] le, ka selekanyo se sennye, [[:en:African_leopard|nkwe]], [[:en:Cheetah|mangau]] le [[:en:African_wild_dog|dintša tsa naga tsa Aforika.]] Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng ke mofuta o o nang le loago thata, di bopa ditlhopa tsa tse di namagadi tse di laolwang ke nngwe ya [[:en:Stallion|pitse tse di tona]] , [[:en:Mare|dipitse]] [[:en:Mare|tse di namagadi]] di le mmalwa le bana ba tsona ba bošeng; ditlhopha tse di tona tse di iseng di nne le di namagadi le tsone di a bopega. Ditlhopha di ka nna tsa kopana go bopa metlhape. Diphologolo di nna di disitse diphologolo tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe; di bogola kgotsa di tlhotlhora fa di bona sebatana se se jang ditshedi tse dingwe mme dipitsi tse di namagadi tse di laolwang ke nngwe ya tse di tona e tlhasela dibatana tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe go sireletsa di namagadi tsa yone. Pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e santse e tlwaelesegile mo [[:en:Game_reserve|mafelong a a sireletsang diphologolo]], mme e tshosediwa ke ditiro tsa batho, jaaka go tsoma nama le letlalo la yona, ga mmogo le kgaisano le [[:en:Livestock|leruo]] le go tsenelela ka go lema mo bontsing jwa [[:en:Habitat|bonno]] jwa yona. Tatlhegelo ya mabala a bojang a a bulegileng ka ntlha ya [[:en:Woody_plant_encroachment|go tsenelela ga dimela tsa logong]] e oketsa bodiphatsa jwa go ja diphologolo tse dingwe mme ka jalo le bonno. <ref name=":1">Chen, Anping; Reperant, Leslie; Fischhoff, Ilya R.; Rubenstein, Daniel I. (2021-07-01). [[doi:10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100001|"Increased vigilance of plains zebras (Equus quagga) in response to more bush coverage in a Kenyan savanna"]]. Climate Change Ecology. 1 100001. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021CCEco...100001C 2021CCEco...100001C]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100001|10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100001]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2666-9005 2666-9005].</ref>Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di kwadilwe jaaka tse di [[:en:Near_threatened|gaufi le go tshosediwa]] ke [[:en:IUCN|IUCN]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro. Palo ya mefuta e tlhomame mme ga e mo kotsing ya go nyelela, le fa palo ya tsone mo dinageng di le dintsi e fokotsegile thata. == Thulaganyo ya ditshedi == Pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e ne ya tlhaolwa semmuso ke moithutadiphologolo wa lefatshe la Britain e bong [[:en:John_Edward_Gray|John Edward Gray]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mabedi le bone ele Equus burchellii. Morago ga gore quagga, e e tlhalosiwang ke [[:en:Pieter_Boddaert|Pieter Boddaert]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a supa le masome a robabobedi le botlhano, e fitlhelwe e le mofuta o le mongwe mo ngwagakgolong wa masome a mabedi le bongwe , pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e ne ya bewa gape jaaka Equus quagga ka ntlha ya [[:en:Principle_of_priority|molawana wa go nna kwa pele]].Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng le [[:en:Mountain_zebra|dipitse tsa naga tsa dithaba]] ka tlwaelo di ne di bewa mo [[:en:Subgenus|mofuteng o monnye]] wa ''Hippotigris'', go farologana le [[:en:Grévy's_zebra|pitse ya naga ya ga Grévy]], e e neng e tsewa e le yona fela mofuta wa mofutapotlana wa ''Dolichohippus''; le fa go ntse jalo, bosupi jwa bošeng ( ngwaga wa 2013) jwa bosupi jwa [[:en:Phylogenetic|losika lwa ditshedi]] bo fitlhela gore dipitse tsa naga tsa dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng di gaufi thata le dipitse tsa naga tsa Grévy go na le dipitse tsa dithaba.Groves le Bell (ngwaga wa 2004) ba baya mefuta yotlhe e meraro mo mofuteng o monnye wa ''Hippotigris'',[8] mme dipitse tsa naga di lebega e le [[:en:Monophyletic|losika lwa mofuta o le mongwe]]. Mo mafelong a dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng tse di [[:en:Sympatric|nnang le mo lefelong le le lengwe]] le dipitse tsa naga tsa Grévy, go di fitlhela mo metlhapeng e le mengwe ga go a tlwaelega, mme go nna le [[:en:Zebroid|dipopego tsa mefuta tse di kgonang go tsala]] tse di diragalang. === Mofuta yo mmotlana === Mo patlisisong ya bone ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone ya dipharologano tsa tlhogo le tsa matlhare fa gare ga sekao, Groves le Bell ba ne ba bona tshegetso ya go kgaoganya pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng go nna mefutapotlana e merataro. Ka dinako tse dingwe go lemogwa mofutapotlana wa bosupa. Go ne go akanngwa gore pitse ya naga ya ga Burchell e ne e tsomiwa go fitlha e nyelela. Le fa go ntse jalo, Groves le Bell ba ne ba swetsa ka gore "pitse ya naga ya Burchell e e sa tlholeng e le teng ke kgopolo e e sa ikaegang ka bosupi bope". Thuto e e kelotlhoko ya dipalopalo tsa ntlha tsa dipitse tsa naga kwa Zululand le Eswatini le matlalo a a tserweng mo dipolaseng tsa diphologolo kwa Zululand le Natal e senotse gore karolo e e rileng e nnye e bontsha go tshwana le se jaanong se tsewang jaaka ''burchellii'' e e tlwaelegileng. Dibaka tsa mofuta tsa mefutapotlana ya ''Equus quagga burchellii'' le ''Equus quagga antiquorum'' di gaufi thata mo eleng gore bobedi bo tota bo ke bongwe hela , ka jalo, e kgolo ya maina a mabedi a e tshwanetse go tlapele go feta e nnye . Ba ne ba akantsha gore leina le le siameng la mofutapotlana e tshwanetse go nna ''burchellii'', e seng ''antiquorum''.[8] Thutopatlisiso ya tsa bosika ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano e netefaditse gore quagga ke mofuta o le mongwe le pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng. E bontshitse gore quagga e ne e na le mefutafuta e mennye ya tsa bosika le gore e ne e fapoga go tswa mo mefuteng e mengwe ya dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng dingwaga di le dikete tse lekgolo le masome a mabedi go ya kwa kwa diketeng tse makgolo a mabedi le borobabongwe tse di fetileng, ka nako ya [[:en:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]] le, gongwe, nako ya bobedi go tswa ko bofelong ya fa dikgapetla tsa kapoko di ne di atogile thata. Mokgwa wa yona o o tlhaolegileng wa kobo o ka tswa o fetogile ka bonako ka ntlha ya go itlhaola ga thutafatshe le/kgotsa go tlwaela tikologo e e omileng. Mo godimo ga moo, mefuta e potlana ya dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng e na le go nna le meradi e mennye fa e ntse e nna kwa borwa, mme quagga e ne e le yone e e neng e tshela kwa borwa go gaisa tsotlhe. [[:en:Cladogram|Setshwantsho sa kamano ya losika lwa ditshedi]] se se nolofaditsweng se se fa tlase se ikaegile ka tshekatsheko ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (mefuta mengwe e ne ele ya [[:en:Haplotype|ditlhopa tsa matshwao a boswa a DNA]] tse di abelanwang mme ka jalo di ne di ka se kgone go farologanngwa):[12] Thutopatlisiso ya DNA ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi ga e a fitlhela bosupi bope jwa popego ya mefutapotlana mo dipitseng tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng mme, boemong jwa seo, e lemogile tsweletso ya boswa jwa ditshedi go tswa bokone go ya borwa. Dipalopalo tsa dipitse tsa naga tsa segompieno tsa kwa mabaleng di lebega di simolotse kwa Borwa jwa Aforika dingwaga di ka nna dikete di le makgolo a mararo le masome a supa tse di fetileng ka dipitse tsa naga tsa dipoa kwa Uganda, palo e e kwa bokone thata, e le yone e e tlhaolegileng thata. == Tlhaloso ya mmele == [[Setshwantsho:Equus burchelli - Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology - DSC02371.JPG|thumb|Pontsho ya marapo kwa [[:en:Kunming_Natural_History_Museum_of_Zoology|mabolokelong a ditso tsa tlhago a Thuto ya diphologolo a Kunming]], kwa [[:en:Kunming|Kunming]], [[:en:Yunnan|Yunnan]], China]] Pitse ya naga ya kwa nabaleng e eme ka bogodimo jwa selekanyo sa boleele jwa lekgolo le masome a mabedi le bosupa go ya kwa lekgolong le masome a mane (masome a matlhano go ya kwa masomeng a matlhano le botlhano a boleele jwa di intshi) ka selekanyo sa boleele jwa tlhogo-mmele jwa sa di sentimetara tsa makgolo a mabedi le lesome le bosupa go ya go kwa makgolong a mabedi le masome a mane le borataro ( selekanyo sa intshi tse masome a borobabobedi le botlhano go ya kwa masome a boreabobongwe le bosupa) le boleele jwa mogatla jwa masome a mane le bosupa go ya kwa masomeng a matlhano le borataro le sephatlho (boleele jwa di intshi tse lesome leborobabobedi le sephatlo go ya kwa masomeng a mabedi le bobedi le ntlha pedi). Tse di tona di bokete makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi go ya kwa makgolong a mararo le masome a mabedi le bobedi (bokete jwa ponto tse makgolo a mane le masome a borobabobedi le botlhano go ya kwa makgolong a supa le lesome) fa tse di namagadi di le bokete jwa dikgerama dile sekete di le lekgolo le masome a supa le botlhano go ya kwa makgolong mabedi le masome a matlhano (bokete jwa ponto tse makgolo a mararo le masome a borobabobedi le borataro go ya kwa makgolong a matlhano le masome a matlhano le bongwe).<ref name=":2">Kingdon, J. (1988). East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa, Volume 3, Part B: Large Mammals. University of Chicago Press. pp. 165–179. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-226-43722-4|978-0-226-43722-4]].</ref> Mofuta o o mo magareng ka bogolo fa gare ga pitse e kgolo ya Grévy le pitse e nnye ya dithaba. E na le mmele o o mokhutshwane o o bopaganeng o o nang le maoto a makhutshwane le legata le le nang le phatla e e konegileng kwa ntle le sebopego sa nko e konegileng mo teng. Molala o mokima mo go tse ditonanyana go na le mo go tse di namagadi. Ditsebe di tlhamaletse mme di na le dintlha tse di kgolokwe. Di dikhutshwane go feta tsa pitse ya naga ya dithaba mme di tshesane go feta tsa pitse ya naga ya Grévy. Jaaka ka dipitse tsotlhe tsa naga, pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e na le moriri o o emeng mo molaleng le setlhopha sa moriri kwa bofelong jwa mogatla.<ref name=":3">Grubb, P. (1981). [[doi:10.2307/3503962|"Equus burchellii]]". Mammalian Species (157): 1–9. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/3503962|10.2307/3503962]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3503962 3503962].</ref><ref>Rubenstein, D. I. (2001). "Horse, Zebras and Asses". In MacDonald, D. W. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Mammals (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 468. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7607-1969-5|978-0-7607-1969-5]].</ref><ref name=":0">Skinner, J. D.; Chimimba, C. T. (2006). The Mammals of the Southern African Sub-region. Cambridge University Press. pp. 243–246. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-521-84418-5|978-0-521-84418-5]].</ref>Moriri wa mmele wa pitse ya naga ke milimetara tse borobabongwe le ntlha e nngwe go oketsega kapa go fokotsega ka bone (bokete jwa diponto tse lefela le ntlha tse di masome a mararo le bosupa go oketsega kapa go fokotsega ka bokete jwa diponto tse lefela le ntlha e nngwe le borataro),<ref name=":0" /> o mokhutshwane go feta wa diphologolo tse dingwe tsa Aforika tse di nang le dinala.<ref>[[:en:Tim_Caro|Caro, T.]]; Izzo, A.; Reiner, R. C.; Walker, H.; Stankowich, T (2014). "[[doi:10.1038/ncomms4535|The function of zebra stripes".]] Nature Communications. 5 3535. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014NatCo...5.3535C 2014NatCo...5.3535C]. doi:10.1038/ncomms4535. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24691390 24691390].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Zebras in Tanzania 4310 Nevit.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se se gaufi sa mofuta wa meradi wa pitse ya naga kwa Tanzania]] Jaaka dipitse tsa naga tsotlhe, di na le meradi e e bopelokgale ka bontsho le bosweu mme ga go na dipitse tse pedi tse di lebegang di tshwana . Fa e bapisiwa le mefuta e mengwe, pitse ya naga ya kwa mabaleng e na le meradi e e sephara. Meradi e eme ka boleele mo karolong e e kwa pele ya mmele, mme e sekamela kwa go e e rapaletseng mo dikarolong tse di kwa morago. Dipalopalo tsa dipitse tsa naga tsa bokone di na le meradi e e mesesane le e e tlhalositsweng sentle; dipalopalo tsa borwa di na le meradi e e farologaneng fela e mennye mo dikarolong tse di kwa tlase, maoto le dikarolo tsa kwa morago. Dipalopalo tsa borwa le tsone di na le meradi e e tshetla ya "moriti" magareng ga mmala o montsho le o mosweu. Tse ga di yo kgotsa ga di tlhagisiwe sentle mo dipitseng tsa naga tsa bokone. Boboa jwa botsalo jwa namane bo bo setlha le bosweu mme bosetlha bo nna lefifi fa bo ntse bo gola.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>Hack, Mace A.; East, Rod; Rubenstein, Dan J. (2002). [[iarchive:equidszebrasasse0000unse/page/43|"Status and Action Plan for the Plains Zebra (Equus burchelli)]]". In Moehlman, P. D. (ed.). [[iarchive:equidszebrasasse0000unse|Equids. Zebras, Asses and Horses. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan]]. IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group. IUCN. pp. 43–57. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-0647-4|978-2-8317-0647-4]].</ref> Go begilwe diphetogo tse di sa tlwaelesegang tsa sekao mo dipitseng tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng. Dipitse tsa naga tse di naleng mmala o montsho thata di na le meradi e mentsho e e mentsi mo mmeleng mme di na le meradi e e potlana mo maotong. Ditshedi tse di "nang le marontho" di supa dikgoreletsi mo dikao tse dintsho tsa meradi.<ref name=":4">Larison, Brenda; Kaelin, Christopher B.; Harrigan, Ryan; et al. (2020). "Population structure, inbreeding and stripe pattern abnormalities in plains zebras". Molecular Ecology. 30 (2): 379–390. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/mec.15728|10.1111/mec.15728]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33174253 33174253]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:226305574 226305574].</ref> Go nnile le dipopego tse di nang le mabala a masweu mo lemoragong le lentsho.<ref>Caro, Tim (2016). [https://books.google.com/books?id=3o-EDQAAQBAJ&q=zebra+stripes Zebra Stripes]. [[:en:University_of_Chicago_Press|University of Chicago Press]]. p. 20. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-226-41101-9|978-0-226-41101-9.]]</ref> Go sa tlwaelega ga go thapa go golagantswe le go tsadisana.<ref name=":4" />Dipitse tsa naga tsa albino di kwadilwe mo dikgweng tsa Thaba ya Kenya, ka methalo e mentsho e le e e bosetlha.[22] Quagga e ne e na le methalo e e borokwa le e mesweu mo tlhogong le mo molaleng, dikarolo tse di kwa godimo tse di borokwa le mpa e tshweu, mogatla le maoto.<ref>Nowak, R. M. (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World. Vol. 1. [[:en:Johns_Hopkins_University_Press|Johns Hopkins University Press]]. pp. 1024–1025. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5789-8|978-0-8018-5789-8.]]</ref> == Thutatikologo == === Khudu e e anameng le bonno jwa yone === Lefelo la dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng le ema gaufi le Sahara go tswa kwa [[:en:South_Sudan|Sudan Borwa]] le kwa borwa jwa [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] go ya kwa borwa go bapa le botlhaba jwa Afrika, go fitlha kwa Zambia, Mozambique le Malawi, pele ga go anama le kwa dinageng di le dintsi tsa borwa jwa Afrika. Di ka tswa ba ne ba nna kwa [[:en:Algeria|Algeria]] mo [[:en:Neolithic_era|motlheng wa Neolithic]]. Dipitse tsa naga tsa kwa mabaleng ka kakaretso di nna mo mafelong a bojang a a senang ditlhare le mo dikgweng tsa savanna, fela di ka fitlhelwa mo mafelong a a farologaneng a bonno, mo mafelong a boboatsatsi le a a bothitho. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka kakaretso ga di yo mo dikakeng, mo dikgweng tse di kitlaneng tsa pula, le mo mafelong a a metsi a a nnelang ruri.<ref>Hack, Mace A.; East, Rod; Rubenstein, Dan J. (2002). [[iarchive:equidszebrasasse0000unse/page/43|"Status and Action Plan for the Plains Zebra (Equus burchelli)"]]. In Moehlman, P. D. (ed.). [[iarchive:equidszebrasasse0000unse|Equids. Zebras, Asses and Horses. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan]]. IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group. IUCN. pp. 43–57. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-0647-4|978-2-8317-0647-4]].</ref> Ka kakaretso di rata dikgwa tsa [[:en:Acacieae|Acacieae]] go na le [[:en:Commiphora|''Commiphora'']]. Di ikaegile ka metsi mme di nna mo [[:en:Mesic_habitat|ditikologong tse di naleng bongola jo bo lekanetseng]] tse dintsi go feta ditshwano tsa pitse tse dingwe tsa Aforika. Ka sewelo di kgarakgatshega seelo sa dikilometara di le lesome go fitlha kwa lesomeng le bobedi (seele sa maele sa borataro le ntlha ya bobedi go fitlha ka bosupeng le ntlha ya botlhano) go tswa kwa motsweding wa metsi. Dipitse tsa naga gape di nna mo mafelong a tlogang ka bogodimo jwa lewatle go ya ka bogodimo jwa maoto a le dikete tse nne le makgolo a mararo ( dimetara tse sekete se le sengwe le makgolo a le mararo) mo [[:en:Mount_Kenya|thabeng ya Kenya]].<ref>Estes, R. (1991). [[iarchive:isbn_0520080858|The Behavior Guide to African Mammals, Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates]]. University of California Press. pp. [[iarchive:isbn_0520080858/page/242|242–246]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08085-0|978-0-520-08085-0]].</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /> Go ikaegile ka palo, metlhape ya dipitse tsa naga e ka nna e e sa direng sepe, e le e e kitlaneng thata ka ditlhopha tse dinnye, kgotsa e e fudugang, e le e e senang batho ba le bantsi ka ditlhopha tse di farologaneng, tse di atologileng tse di omileng le tse di metsi tsa magae.<ref name=":3" /> Fa di fuduga, dipitse tsa naga di lebega di ikaegile ka kgakologelo nngwe ya mafelo a maemo a go batla dijo a neng a le botoka mme di ka bonela pele maemo dikgwedi pele ga go goroga ga tsone.<ref>Bracis, C.; Mueller, T. (2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5454266 "Memory, not just perception, plays an important role in terrestrial mammalian migration"]. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 284 (1855) 20170449. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.0449|10.1098/rspb.2017.0449]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5454266 5454266]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28539516 28539516].</ref> Go latlhegelwa ke mabala a bojang a a bulegileng ka ntlha ya go tsenelela ga dimela tsa logong go oketsa kotsi ya go ja ditshedi tse dingwe mme ka jalo bonno jwa ditshedi.<ref name=":1" /> === Dijo le go ja ditshedi tse dingwe === [[Setshwantsho:Lions and a Zebra b.jpg|thumb|Ditau di ja pitse ya naga]] Dibatana tse dikgolo tse di jang dipitse tsa naga tsa dithota ke [[:en:Lion|ditau]] le [[:en:Spotted_hyena|diphiri tse di marontho]]. Ditau di atlega thata fa di lebile ditshedi di le nosi, gantsi e tonanyana e e godileng fa diphiri di lelekisa abo di kgaoganya ditshedi mo setlhopheng, gantsi e le namagadi kgotsa namane ya namane.<ref name=":2" /> [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Dikwena tsa Nile]] le tsone di ja dipitse tsa naga fa di le gaufi le metsi.[26] Dibatana tse di sa tlwaelesegang thata tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe di akaretsa di [[:en:Leopard|nkwe]], [[:en:Cheetah|mangau]], [[:en:African_wild_dog|dintša tsa naga tsa Aforika]], tse bontsi jwa tsone di tsomang dinamane.<ref name=":3" /> Fa di na le tau, dipitse tsa naga di nna di ntshitse matlho dinameng mme di ema ka sediko se se ka nnang dimetara dile lekgolo (boleele jwa maoto a le makgolo a mararo le masome a mararo) mme e seng kwa tlase ga boleele jwa masome a matlhano(boleele jwa maoto a le lekgolo le masome a marataro). Dipitse tse ditona ka dinako tse dingwe di leka go leleka ditau ka jaaka ekete di a di tlhasela. Go farologana, dipitse tsa naga di ka atamela mangau le dintša tsa naga mme phiri e le nngwe e letlelelwa go tla selekanyo sa dimitara di le mmalwa. Go tshaba dibatana tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe, pitse ya naga e e godileng e ka taboga ka lebelo la masome a marataro go fitlhela masome a supa ka oura ( masome a mararo le bosupa go fihla masome a mane le boraro wa metara ka oura) .[14] Fa e tsomiwa ke diphiri kgotsa dintša tsa naga, setlhopa sa dipitse tsa naga tse di namagadi tse di okamweng ke e tona di nna di le gaufi le go dirisana mmogo go sireletsa maloko a a tshosediwang, segolobogolo bana. Setlhopa sa dipitse tsa naga tse di namagadi tse di okamweng ke e tona e tswelela ka go tlhasela dintša kgotsa diphiri.[9] alnj3hx1mk30710ey4sxxtupjunmuny Madirelo a meepo ya Botswana 0 14384 52374 2026-07-12T13:34:29Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362598953|Mining industry of Botswana]]" 52374 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jwaneng_Open_Mine.jpg|thumb|[[Moepo wa diteemane wa Jwaneng]], wa bobedi ka botona mo lefatsheng, e bile o humile go gaisa ka boleng. ]] '''Madirelo a meepo ya Botswana''' a sale a laola [[Itsholelo ya Botswana|itsholelo ya setšhaba sa Botswana]] go tloga ka dingwaga tsa bo1970, e le madirelo a itsholelo a konokono . <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Botswana: Mining a New Growth Model |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2018/09/05/na090518Botswana |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=IMF |language=en}}</ref> Teemane e ntse e le yone e e eteletseng pele mo lephateng la ditswammung fa e sa le tiro ya go epa matlotlo a e simololwa ke kompone ya meepo [[Debswana|ya Debswana]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-02-28 |title=Botswana - Mining & Minerals |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-mining-minerals |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=www.trade.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=About Debswana |url=https://www.debswana.com/Careers/4Cs/Culture/Pages/DebswanaOverview.aspx |website=Debswana}}</ref> Bontsi jwa diteemane tsa [[Botswana]] ke matlapa a a boleng jo bo kwa godimo, mme se ke sone se bayang Botswana mo maemong a go nna lefatshe le le le ntshang diteemane tse di tlhwatlhwa kgolo go feta mo lefatsheng ka bophara <ref name=":0" /> Tiro ya go ntsha kopore, gauta, nikele, magala le molora wa soda le yone e nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa, le fa e le se sennye, mo itsholelong. <ref name=":0" /> Ka 2022, meepo e ne e dirile lesome le borataro mo lekgolong (16%) mo palong ya dikhumo tsa lefatshe tsa Botswana (GDP). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Statsbots |url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/Gross%20Domestic%20Product%20Q2%202022.pdf}}</ref> Bontsi jwa madirelo a ditswammung a Botswana a akaretsa diteemane. <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=The contribution of diamonds to Botswana's development |url=https://www.debeersgroup.com/reports/socio-economic-impacts/botswana/the-contribution-of-diamonds-to-botswana-development |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=www.debeersgroup.com |language=en}}</ref> Mo godimo ga diteemane, Botswana gape o ikgantsha ka metswedi e mentsi ya ditswammung jaaka magala, kopore, nikele, le molora wa soda, mmogo le granite, mme se se kabakanya lekalana la one la meepo go ya pele. Le fa go ntse jalo, lekalana le, le fa le le botlhokwa thata, le lebaganwe ke dikgwetlho, segolobogolo ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya tlhabololo ya mafaratlhatlha . 4ul9r2dktvfx1qpm590lfzi5lyvz5f0 52375 52374 2026-07-12T13:38:08Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 52375 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jwaneng_Open_Mine.jpg|thumb|[[Moepo wa diteemane wa Jwaneng]], wa bobedi ka botona mo lefatsheng, e bile o humile go gaisa ka boleng. ]] '''Madirelo a meepo ya Botswana''' a sale a eteletse pele mo go laoleng [[Itsholelo ya Botswana|itsholelo ya setšhaba sa Botswana]] go tloga ka dingwaga tsa bo1970, e le madirelo a itsholelo a konokono . <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Botswana: Mining a New Growth Model |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2018/09/05/na090518Botswana |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=IMF |language=en}}</ref> Teemane e ntse e le yone e e eteletseng pele mo lephateng la ditswammung fa e sa le tiro ya go epa matlotlo a e simololwa ke kompone ya meepo [[Debswana|ya Debswana]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-02-28 |title=Botswana - Mining & Minerals |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-mining-minerals |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=www.trade.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=About Debswana |url=https://www.debswana.com/Careers/4Cs/Culture/Pages/DebswanaOverview.aspx |website=Debswana}}</ref> Bontsi jwa diteemane tsa [[Botswana]] ke matlapa a a boleng jo bo kwa godimo, mme se ke sone se bayang Botswana mo maemong a go nna lefatshe le le le ntshang diteemane tse di tlhwatlhwa kgolo go feta, mo lefatsheng ka bophara <ref name=":0" /> Tiro ya go ntsha kopore, gauta, nikele, magala le molora wa soda le yone e nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa, le fa e le se sennye, mo itsholelong. <ref name=":0" /> Ka 2022, meepo e ne e dirile lesome le borataro mo lekgolong (16%) mo palong ya [[Gross domestic product|dikhumo tsa lefatshe]] tsa Botswana (GDP). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Statsbots |url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/Gross%20Domestic%20Product%20Q2%202022.pdf}}</ref> Bontsi jwa madirelo a ditswammung a Botswana a akaretsa diteemane. <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=The contribution of diamonds to Botswana's development |url=https://www.debeersgroup.com/reports/socio-economic-impacts/botswana/the-contribution-of-diamonds-to-botswana-development |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=www.debeersgroup.com |language=en}}</ref> Mo godimo ga diteemane, Botswana gape o ikgantsha ka metswedi e mentsi ya ditswammung jaaka magala, kopore, nikele, le molora wa soda, mmogo le granite, mme se se kabakanya lekalana la one la meepo go ya pele. Le fa go ntse jalo, lekalana le, le fa le le botlhokwa thata, le lebaganwe ke dikgwetlho, segolobogolo ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya tlhabololo ya mafaratlhatlha . 25urhsai9yk5f2x2z33oo2oantu16nu 52377 52375 2026-07-12T13:42:34Z Lucrucia98 12161 52377 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jwaneng_Open_Mine.jpg|thumb|[[Moepo wa diteemane wa Jwaneng]], wa bobedi ka botona mo lefatsheng, e bile o humile go gaisa ka boleng. ]] '''Madirelo a meepo ya Botswana''' a sale a eteletse pele mo go laoleng [[Itsholelo ya Botswana|itsholelo ya setšhaba sa Botswana]] go tloga ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970), e le madirelo a itsholelo a konokono . <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Botswana: Mining a New Growth Model |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2018/09/05/na090518Botswana |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=IMF |language=en}}</ref> Teemane e ntse e le yone e e eteletseng pele mo lephateng la ditswammung fa e sa le tiro ya go epa matlotlo a e simololwa ke kompone ya meepo [[Debswana|ya Debswana]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-02-28 |title=Botswana - Mining & Minerals |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-mining-minerals |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=www.trade.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=About Debswana |url=https://www.debswana.com/Careers/4Cs/Culture/Pages/DebswanaOverview.aspx |website=Debswana}}</ref> Bontsi jwa diteemane tsa [[Botswana]] ke matlapa a a boleng jo bo kwa godimo, mme se ke sone se bayang Botswana mo maemong a go nna lefatshe le le le ntshang diteemane tse di tlhwatlhwa kgolo go feta, mo lefatsheng ka bophara <ref name=":0" /> Tiro ya go ntsha kopore, gauta, nikele, magala le molora wa soda le yone e nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa, le fa e le se sennye, mo itsholelong. <ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022), meepo e ne e dirile lesome le borataro mo lekgolong (16%) mo palong ya [[Gross domestic product|dikhumo tsa lefatshe]] tsa Botswana (GDP). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Statsbots |url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/Gross%20Domestic%20Product%20Q2%202022.pdf}}</ref> Bontsi jwa madirelo a ditswammung a Botswana a akaretsa diteemane. <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=The contribution of diamonds to Botswana's development |url=https://www.debeersgroup.com/reports/socio-economic-impacts/botswana/the-contribution-of-diamonds-to-botswana-development |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=www.debeersgroup.com |language=en}}</ref> Mo godimo ga diteemane, Botswana gape o ikgantsha ka metswedi e mentsi ya ditswammung jaaka magala, kopore, nikele, le molora wa soda, mmogo le granite, mme se se kabakanya lekalana la one la meepo go ya pele. Le fa go ntse jalo, lekalana le, le fa le le botlhokwa thata, le lebaganwe ke dikgwetlho, segolobogolo ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya tlhabololo ya mafaratlhatlha . == Metswedi == kq8v06dqnll529lhzetekf13rof7oo8 HIV/AIDS 0 14385 52379 2026-07-12T18:22:43Z Kentsem 12953 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1502270|HIV/AIDS]] to:tn #mdwikicx 52379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redir|AIDS}} {{Infobox medical condition|name=HIV/AIDS|synonym=HIV disease, HIV infection<ref name=AIDS2010GOV/><ref name=AETC-staging>{{cite web |title=HIV Classification: CDC and WHO Staging Systems {{!}} AIDS Education and Training Centers National Coordinating Resource Center (AETC NCRC) |url=https://aidsetc.org/guide/hiv-classification-cdc-and-who-staging-systems |website=aidsetc.org |publisher=AIDS Education and Training Center Program |access-date=September 10, 2017 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018065658/https://aidsetc.org/guide/hiv-classification-cdc-and-who-staging-systems |archive-date=October 18, 2017 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>|image=Red_Ribbon.svg|image_size=280px|image_thumbtime=|alt=A red ribbon in the shape of a bow|caption=The [[red ribbon#AIDS awareness origin|red ribbon]] is a [[awareness ribbon#Awareness Ribbon origin|symbol]] for [[solidarity]] with [[HIV-positive people]] and those living with AIDS.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wear your red ribbon this World AIDS Day {{!}} UNAIDS |url=http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2006/november/20061130redribbonen |website=www.unaids.org |publisher=UNAIDS Secretariat |access-date=September 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910221331/http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2006/november/20061130redribbonen |archive-date=September 10, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>|pronounce=|specialty=[[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]]|symptoms='''Early''': Flu-like illness<ref name=WHO2015Fact/><br />'''Later''': [[Lymphadenopathy|Large lymph nodes]], fever, weight loss<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|complications=[[Opportunistic infection]]s, [[tumors]]<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|onset=|duration=Lifelong<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|types=|causes=[[HIV|Human immunodeficiency virus]] (HIV)<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|risks=Exposure to blood, breast milk, sex<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|diagnosis=Blood tests<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|differential=|prevention=[[Safe sex]], [[needle exchange]], [[male circumcision]], [[pre-exposure prophylaxis]], [[post-exposure prophylaxis]]<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|treatment=[[Management of HIV/AIDS|Antiretroviral therapy]]<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|medication=|prognosis=Near normal life expectancy with treatment<ref name=CDC21015Bas/><ref name=UN2012Vac/><br>11 years life expectancy without treatment<ref name=UNAIDS2007/>|frequency={{Plain list| * 71.3–112.8 million total cases<ref name=UN2022/> * 1.3 million new cases (2022)<ref name=UN2022/> * 39.9 million living with HIV (2022)<ref name=UN2022/> }}|deaths={{Plain list| * 42.3 million total<ref name=UN2022/> * 630,000 (2023)<ref name=UN2022/> }}|named after=}} '''Mogare wa tlhaelo ya masole a mmele le bolwetse jwa tlhaelo ya masole a mmele''' ( '''HIV/AIDS''' ) ke makalana a a farologanyeng a a bakiwang ke mogare wa tlhaelo ya masole a mmele ( HIV ).<ref name="pmid11396444">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Sepkowitz KA|title=AIDS – the first 20 years|journal=[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]|volume=344|issue=23|pages=1764–72|date=June 2001|pmid=11396444|doi=10.1056/NEJM200106073442306}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|first=Alexander|last=Krämer|first2=Mirjam|last2=Kretzschmar|first3=Klaus|last3=Krickeberg|title=Modern infectious disease epidemiology concepts, methods, mathematical models, and public health|date=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-93835-6|page=88|edition=Online-Ausg.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Di0_5x82HykC&pg=PA88|df=mdy-all|access-date=June 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924081609/https://books.google.com/books?id=Di0_5x82HykC&pg=PA88|archive-date=September 24, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|first=Wilhelm|last=Kirch|title=Encyclopedia of Public Health|date=2008|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4020-5613-0|pages=676–77|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eSPK7-CHw7oC&pg=PA676|df=mdy-all|access-date=June 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911141720/https://books.google.com/books?id=eSPK7-CHw7oC&pg=PA676|archive-date=September 11, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Morago ga go tsenwa ke mogare ele lantlha motho a ka nna a se ka a lemoga dikai dipe, kgotsa a ka nna a itemogela go tsenwa ke bolwetse jo tshwanang le jwa mohikela.<ref name="WHO2015Fact">{{Cite web|title=HIV/AIDS Fact sheet N°360|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs360/en/|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|access-date=February 11, 2016|date=November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217160830/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs360/en/|archive-date=February 17, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Gantsi, seno se latelwa ke nako e telele e e senang dikai.<ref name="CDC21015Bas">{{Cite web|title=About HIV/AIDS|url=https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html|website=CDC|access-date=February 11, 2016|date=December 6, 2015|df=mdy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224101946/http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html|archive-date=February 24, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Fa tsenwa ke mogare go tswelela pele, go kgoreletsa thata masole a mmele, go oketsa borajw ya go tsenwa ke malwetsi aa tlwaelesegileng jaaka [[Kgotlholo e tona/Bolwetsi jwa mafatlha|bolwetsi jwa kgoltholo e tona]], malwetsi a mangwe a kgona go nnang teng, le ditlhagala tse di sa tlwaelegang mo bathong ba ba nang le masole a mmele aa tlwaelesegileng.<ref name="WHO2015Fact" /> Dikai tsedi itshupang morago tse di bidiwa AIDS.<ref name="CDC21015Bas" /> Kgato e gantsi e amanngwa le go latlhegelwa ke mmele mo gosa rulaganngwang.<ref name="CDC21015Bas" /> HIV e anamisiwa thata ke tlhakanelodikobo e e sa sireletsegang (go akaretsa le tlhakanelodikobo ya marago le ya molomo ), go tshelwa madi a a kgotlelesegileng, dinnale tse di tsenngwang mo letlalong, le go tswa mo go mmè go ya kwa ngwaneng ka nakong ya boimana, pelegi kgotsa go anyisa ka lebele.<ref name="TransmissionM2007">{{Cite book|veditors=Rom WN, Markowitz SB|title=Environmental and occupational medicine|year=2007|publisher=[[Wolters Kluwer]]/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-7817-6299-1|page=745|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4Sv9XY296oC&pg=PA745|edition=4th|df=mdy-all|access-date=June 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911155744/https://books.google.com/books?id=H4Sv9XY296oC&pg=PA745|archive-date=September 11, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Diedi dingwe tsa mmele, jaaka mathe, mofufutso le dikeledi, ga di fetise mogare ono.<ref name="CDCtransmission">{{Cite web|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|year=2003|url=https://www.cdc.gov/HIV/pubs/facts/transmission.htm|title=HIV and Its Transmission|access-date=May 23, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050204141148/http://www.cdc.gov/HIV/pubs/facts/transmission.htm|archive-date=February 4, 2005}}</ref> HIV ke leloko la setlhopha sa megare ee di bidiwang retroviruses.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Retrovirus Definition|url=https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/glossary/634/retrovirus|website=AIDSinfo|access-date=December 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228142824/https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/glossary/634/retrovirus|archive-date=December 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Mekgwa ya thibelo e akaretsa thobalano e e babalesegileng, mananeo a go fapaanela dinnale, go alafa ba ba tsenweng ke mogare, thibelo ya pele le morago ga go tlhagelela, le go rupa ga banna.<ref name="WHO2015Fact" /> Bolwetse mo leseyeng gantsi bo ka thibelwa ka go neela mmangwana le ngwana melemo ya antiretroviral.<ref name="WHO2015Fact" /> Ga go na kalafi kgotsa mokento ; le fa go ntse jalo, kalafi ya antiretroviral e ka dira gore bolwetse bo se ka jwa kekela mme e dire gore motho a tshele lobaka lo lo tlwaelegileng la botshelo.<ref name="CDC21015Bas" /><ref name="UN2012Vac">{{Cite news|title=The quest for an HIV vaccine|url=http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2012/may/20120518vaccinesday/|date=May 18, 2012}}</ref> Kalafi e simololwa gone foo fa mogare o tshwerwe.<ref name="WHO2015Tx">{{Cite book|title=Guideline on when to start antiretroviral therapy and on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV|date=2015|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-92-4-150956-5|page=13|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/186275/1/9789241509565_eng.pdf?ua=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151014071803/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/186275/1/9789241509565_eng.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=October 14, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Kwantle ga kalafi, nako ya go tshela morago ga go tsenwa ke mogare ke dingwaga tsedi lesome le bongwe.<ref name="UNAIDS2007">{{Cite web|last=[[Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS|UNAIDS]], World Health Organization|date=December 2007|title=2007 AIDS epidemic update|url=http://data.unaids.org/pub/EPISlides/2007/2007_epiupdate_en.pdf|access-date=March 12, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527201701/http://data.unaids.org/pub/EPISlides/2007/2007_epiupdate_en.pdf|archive-date=May 27, 2008}}</ref> Ka 2021, batho ba le dimilione dile masome mararo le boferabobedi ba ne ba tshela ka mogare mme go nnile le dintsho di le 650 000.<ref name="UN2022">{{Cite web|url=https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet|title=Global HIV & AIDS statistics — 2022 fact sheet|website=[[Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS|UNAIDS]]|access-date=July 20, 2023|archive-date=December 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204021652/https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet|url-status=live}}</ref> Go akanyediwa gore dimilione di le 20,6 tsa batho ba ba nna kwa botlhaba le borwa jwa Aferika.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/UNAIDS_FactSheet_en.pdf|title=Fact Sheet - World AIDS Day 2019|website=www.unaids.org|access-date=2019-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221165100/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/UNAIDS_FactSheet_en.pdf|archive-date=December 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Mo gare ga nako e bolwetsi jwa AIDS bo neng bo lemogiwa ka jone (mo tshimologong ya bo1980) le 2018, bolwetse jo bo ne jwa baka dintsho tsa batho go akanyediwa go nna dimilione dile 32 .&nbsp;<ref name="UN2018">{{Cite web|url=https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet|title=Global HIV & AIDS statistics — 2019 fact sheet|website=www.unaids.org|language=en|access-date=2019-12-21|publisher=UNAIDS|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204021652/https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet|archive-date=December 4, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> HIV/AIDS e tsewa e le leroborobo —go runya ga bolwetse jo bo leng teng mo lefelong le legolo mme bo anama ka matlhagatlhaga.<ref name="Kallings">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kallings LO|title=The first postmodern pandemic: 25 years of HIV/AIDS|journal=Journal of Internal Medicine|volume=263|issue=3|pages=218–43|date=March 2008|pmid=18205765|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x}}(subscription required)</ref> HIV e ne ya tlola go tswa mo diphologolong tse dingwe tse di tshelang go ya kwa bathong kwa bophirima-bogare jwa Afrika mo tshimologong go ya kwa bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo20 la dingwaga.<ref name="Orgin2011">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Sharp PM, Hahn BH|title=Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic|journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine|volume=1|issue=1|page=a006841|date=September 2011|pmid=22229120|pmc=3234451|doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a006841}}</ref> AIDS e ne ya lemogiwa la ntlha ke lekalana la United States la Taolo le Thibelo ya Malwetse (CDC) ka 1981 mme se se e bakang—go ama HIV—se ne sa lemogiwa mo karolong ya ntlha ya dingwaga di le lesome.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Gallo RC|title=A reflection on HIV/AIDS research after 25 years|journal=[[Retrovirology (journal)|Retrovirology]]|volume=3|issue=1|page=72|date=October 2006|pmid=17054781|pmc=1629027|doi=10.1186/1742-4690-3-72}}</ref> HIV/AIDS e nnile le ditlamorago tse dikgolo mo setšhabeng, jaaka bolwetse le jaaka motswedi wa kgethololo.<ref name="UNAIDS2006Ch4">{{Cite book|publisher=[[Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS|UNAIDS]]|year=2006|title=2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic|chapter=The impact of AIDS on people and societies|url=http://data.unaids.org/pub/GlobalReport/2006/2006_GR_CH04_en.pdf|isbn=978-92-9173-479-5|access-date=July 28, 2020|archive-date=October 4, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004001821/http://data.unaids.org/pub/GlobalReport/2006/2006_GR_CH04_en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Bolwetse jo gape bo na le ditlamorago tse dikgolo tsa ikonomi.<ref name="UNAIDS2006Ch4" /> Go na le dikakanyo tse dintsi tse di fosagetseng ka HIV/AIDS, jaaka tumelo ya gore e ka tshelanwa ka go amana ka tsela e e sa reng sepe e e seng ya thobalano.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Myth Busters|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=351|issue=6268|pages=35|url=http://austintexas.gov/page/myth-busters|access-date=February 14, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222160217/http://austintexas.gov/page/myth-busters|archive-date=February 22, 2016|bibcode=2016Sci...351...35E|last=Endersby|first=Jim|year=2016|doi=10.1126/science.aad2891}}</ref> Bolwetse jono bo ile jwa baka dikganetsano tse dintsi tse di amanang le bodumedi, go akaretsa le maemo a Kereke ya Katoliki jwa go sa tshegetsa tiriso ya sekausu jaaka thibelo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=McCullom|first=Rob|title=An African Pope Won't Change the Vatican's Views on Condoms and AIDS|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/sexes/archive/2013/02/an-african-pope-wont-change-the-vaticans-views-on-condoms-and-aids/273535/|website=The Atlantic|access-date=February 14, 2016|date=February 26, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308135849/http://www.theatlantic.com/sexes/archive/2013/02/an-african-pope-wont-change-the-vaticans-views-on-condoms-and-aids/273535/|archive-date=March 8, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Go ngokile tlhokomelo ya boditšhabatšhaba ya kalafi le ya sepolotiki mmogo le matlole a magolo fa e sale e supiwa ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980.<ref name="isbn1-59797-294-0">{{Cite book|last=Harden, Victoria Angela|title=AIDS at 30: A History|publisher=Potomac Books Inc|location=|year=2012|page=324|isbn=978-1-59797-294-9|oclc=|doi=}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] hqvr4fmwvpirfqor4t2mjcujbemlwwm Botsalano jwa lefatshe la Botswana le mafatshe a mangwe 0 14386 52390 2026-07-13T10:07:12Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Botsalano jwa lefatshe la Botswana le mafatshe a mangwe #Wikipedia25BW 52390 wikitext text/x-wiki Lefatshe la Botswana le tsaya tsia tirisanommogo mo go tsa itsholelo le polotiki mo Borwa jwa Aforika. Le lekile go dira gore lekgotla la Southern African Development Community (SADC), le bereke mo go tsa tlhabololo itsholelo, gape le tokafaditse maiteko a go dira gore kgaolo e itirele melao fa go tsena mo go tsa tirisanommogo, go rarabolola tlhoka kutlwisisano, le boteledipele jo bo siameng. == Botsalano jwa polotiki == Mafatshe a a nang le botsalano le la Botswana mo go tsa sepolotiki: {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="3" |[[Setshwantsho:Diplomatic relations of Botswana.svg|thumb]] |- |# |'''Lefatshe''' |'''Kgwedi'''<ref>[https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&as=1&m1=p&p1=Diplomatic%20relations%20between%20Botswana%20and%20...&f1=series&op1=a&m2=a&p2=&f2=&op2=a&m3=a&p3=&f3=&dt=&d1d=&d1m=&d1y=&d2d=&d2m=&d2y=&rm=&sf=year&so=a&rg=50&c=United%20Nations%20Digital%20Library%20System&of=hb&fti=0&fti=0 "Diplomatic relations between Botswana and ..."] United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |1 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United Kingdom (3-5).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[United Kingdom]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>''The Diplomatic Service List''. Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. 1970. pp.&nbsp;136–149.</ref> |- |2 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Japan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Japan]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220801145836/https://guardiansun.co.bw/News/botswana-and-japan-celebrate-50-years-of-diplomatic-relations "Botswana And Japan Celebrate 50 Years of Diplomatic Relations".] [[Botswana Guardian|''Botswana Guardian''.]] 5 August 2016. Archived from [https://guardiansun.co.bw/News/botswana-and-japan-celebrate-50-years-of-diplomatic-relations the original] on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |3 |[[United States of America]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>[https://history.state.gov/countries/all "All Countries".] ''Office of the Historian''. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |4 |[[Germany]] |Phalane a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>[https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/service/laender/botsuana-node/botsuana-219506 "Botsuana: Steckbrief".] ''Auswärtiges Amt'' (in German). Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |5 |[[Zambia]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref name=":0">''Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. pp.&nbsp;82–87.</ref> |- |6 |[[France]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa<ref>[https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr "Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945"] (PDF) (in French). p.&nbsp;44.</ref> |- |7 |[[Philippines]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://x.com/DFAPHL/status/828400555722756096 "Today we celebrate 50 years of formal diplomatic relations with Botswana!".] 6 February 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |8 |[[Israel]] |Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/outspoken-botswana-loses-its-voice-on-israel/ "Outspoken Botswana loses its voice on Israel".] ''Sunday Standard''. 3 November 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231103014414/https://www.sundaystandard.info/outspoken-botswana-loses-its-voice-on-israel/ Archived] from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |9 |[[Malawi]] |Phukwi a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>''Report''. Malawi. Police Force. 1968. p.&nbsp;2.</ref> |- |10 |[[Netherlands]] |Phatwe a le lesome, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>''Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken Volumes 86-90'' (in Dutch). Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken. 1967. p.&nbsp;152.</ref> |- |11 |[[Switzerland]] |Phatwe a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://dodis.ch/32532 "Ernennung eines schweizerischen Botschafters in Botswana und Lesotho. Sitz in Pretoria".] ''dodis.ch'' (in German). 22 August 1967. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |12 |[[Ethiopia]] |Phalane a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe nasome a marataro le bosupa<ref name=":0" /> |- |13 |[[Kenya]] | |- |14 |[[Norway]] | |- |15 |[[Sweden]] | |- |16 |[[South Korea]] | |- |17 |[[Austria]] | |- |18 | [[Canada]] | |- |19 |[[Nigeria]] | |- |20 |[[Czech Republic]] | |- |21 |[[Russia]] | |- |22 |[[Denmark]] | |- |23 |[[Serbia]] | |- |24 |[[Italia]] | |- |25 |[[Romania]] | |- |26 |[[Belgium]] | |- |27 |[[Tanzania]] | |- |28 |[[India]] | |- |29 |[[Egypt]] | |- |30 |[[Lesotho]] | |- |31 |[[Australia]] | |- |32 |[[North Korea]] (e seegetswe kwa thoko ka nakwana) | |- |33 |[[China]] | |- |34 |[[Ghana]] | |- |35 |[[Guyana]] | |- |36 |[[Mexico]] | |- |37 |[[Mozambique]] | |- |38 |[[Eswatini]] | |- |39 |[[Libya]] | |- |40 |[[Luxemborg|Luxembourg]] | |- |41 |[[Cuba]] | |- |42 |[[Argentina]] | |- |43 |[[Greece]] | |- |44 |[[Finland]] | |- |45 |[[Poland]] | |- |46 |[[Algeria]] | |- |47 |[[Angola]] | |- |48 |[[Portugal]] | |- |49 |[[Hungary]] | |- |50 |[[Turkey]] | |- |51 |[[Spain]] | |- |52 |[[Jamaica]] | |- |53 |[[Bulgaria]] | |- |54 |[[Albania]] | |- |55 |[[Zimbabwe]] | |- |56 |[[Bangladesh]] | |- |57 |[[Brazil]] | |- |58 |[[Thailand]] | |- |59 |[[Iraq]] | |- |60 |[[Pakistan]] | |- |61 |[[New Zealand]] | |- |62 |[[Seychelles]] | |- |63 |[[Iran]] | |- |64 |[[Vanuatu]] | |- |65 |[[Uganda]] | |- |66 |[[Colombia]] | |- |67 |[[Somalia]] | |- |68 |[[Iceland]] | |- |69 |[[Namibia]] | |- |70 |[[Malaysia]] | |- |71 |[[Tunisia]] | |- |72 |[[Singapore]] | |- |73 |[[Aforika Borwa]] | |- |74 |[[Kuwait]] | |- |75 |[[Ireland]] | |- |76 |[[Chile]] | |- |77 |[[Trinidad and Tobago]] | |- |78 |[[Slovakia]] | |- |79 |[[Mauritius]] | |- |80 |[[Latvia]] | |- |81 |[[Estonia]] | |- |82 |[[Lithuania]] | |- |83 |[[Ukraine]] | |- |84 |[[Rwanda]] | |- |85 |[[Malta]] | |- |86 |[[Cyprus]] | |- |87 |[[Morocco]] | |- |88 |[[Slovenia]] | |- |89 |[[Madagascar]] | |- |90 |[[Croatia]] | |- |91 |[[Belarus]] | |- |92 |[[United Arab Emirates]] | |- |93 |[[Bahamas]] | |- |94 |[[Dominican Republic]] | |- |95 |[[Republic of the Congo]] | |- |96 |[[Qatar]] | |- |97 |[[Equatorial Guinea]] | |- |98 |[[Barbados]] | |- |99 |[[Gabon]] | |- |100 |[[Niger]] | |- |101 |[[Sudan]] | |- |102 |[[Burkina Faso]] | |- |103 |[[Benin]] | |- |104 |[[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] | |- |105 |[[Saudi Arabia]] | |- |106 |[[Burundi]] | |- |107 |[[Djibouti]] | |- |108 |[[Guinea]] | |- |109 |[[Uruguay]] | |- |110 |[[Guatemala]] | |- |111 |[[Mauritania]] | |- |112 |[[Ecuador]] | |- |113 |[[Mali]] | |- |114 |[[Ivory Coast]] | |- |115 |[[Venezuela]] | |- |116 |[[Paraguay]] | |- |117 |[[Honduras]] | |- |118 |[[Dominica]] | |- |119 |[[Nicaragua]] | |- |120 |[[Costa Rica]] | |- |121 |[[Antigua and Barbuda]] | |- |122 |[[Suriname]] | |- |123 |[[Belize]] | |- |124 |[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] | |- |125 |[[Sri Lanka]] | |- |126 |[[Holy See]] | |- |127 |[[Nepal]] | |- |128 |[[Vietnam]] | |- |129 |[[Saint Kitts and nevis]] | |- |130 |[[North Macedonia]] | |- |131 |[[Panama]] | |- |132 |[[Georgia]] | |- |133 |[[Samoa]] | |- |134 |[[Guinea-Bissau]] | |- |135 |[[Montenegro]] | |- |136 |[[Liberia]] | |- |137 |[[Solomon Islands]] | |- |138 |[[Papua New Guinea]] | |- |139 |[[Monaco]] | |- |140 |[[Fiji]] | |- |141 |[[South Sudan]] | |- |142 |[[Indonesia]] | |- |143 |[[Chad]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano |- |144 |[[Sierra Leone]] |Tlhakole a le leome le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano |- |145 |[[Senegal]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano |- |146 |[[State of Palestine]] |Mopitlo a robabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa |- |147 |[[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] |Motsheganong a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi |- |148 |[[Comoros]] |Lwetse a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi |- |149 |[[Togo]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le motso |- |150 |[[Central African Republic]] |Phalane a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le motso |- |151 |[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |152 |[[Mongolia]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |153 |[[Saint Lucia]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |154 |[[Tajikistan]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |155 |[[Laos]] |Morule a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |156 |[[Maldives]] |Morule a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |157 |[[Armenia]] |Morule a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |158 |[[The Gambia]] |Tlhakole a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone |- |159 |[[Bolivia]] |Phatwe a rogwa ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone |- |160 |[[Uzbekistan]] |Lwetse a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone |- |161 |[[Liechtenstein]] |Ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone |- |162 |[[Kyrgyzstan]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano |- |163 |[[Oman]] |Phalane a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le botlhano |- |164 |[[Turkmenistan]] |Phalane a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le botlhano |- |165 |[[Kazakhstan]] |Phalane a le masome mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome mabedi le botlhano |- |166 |[[Azerbaijan]] |Ngwanatsele a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano |- |167 |[[Cape Verde]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome mabedi le borataro |- |168 |[[El Salvador]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro |- |169 |[[Moldova]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro |- |170 |[[Bahrain]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro |} == Botsalano gareng ga mafatshe a mabedi == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Lefatshe !Tshimologo ya botsalano !Dintlha |- |[[Australia]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le boraro | * |- | | | |- | | | |} == Botswana le FOSS == Lefatshe la Botswana le sale le nna leloko la bokopano jwa mafatshe a mannye (Forum of Small States) fa setlhopha seo se tlhamiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a obabongwe le bobedi.<ref>''50 Years of Singapore and the United Nations''. World Scientific. 2015. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-981-4713-03-0|978-981-4713-03-0]]</bdi>.access-date=13 July 2026</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Dithomo tsa botsalano jwa sepolotiki mo Botswana]] * [[Dithomo tsa botsalano jwa sepolotiki tsa Botswana]] == Metswedi == 2u3es9i1zghl29pmvydg1jyw8rm3bbk 52391 52390 2026-07-13T10:28:18Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe ya Botsalano jwa lefatshe la Botswana le mafatshe a mangwe #WikipediaBW25 52391 wikitext text/x-wiki Lefatshe la [[Botswana]] le tsaya tirisanommogo mo go tsa itsholelo le polotiki mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] ka tlhwaafalo. Le lekile go dira gore lekgotla la [[Southern African Development Community]] (SADC), le bereke mo go tsa tlhabololo itsholelo, gape le tokafaditse maiteko a go dira gore kgaolo e itirele melao fa go tsena mo go tsa tirisanommogo, go rarabolola tlhoka kutlwisisano, le boteledipele jo bo siameng. == Botsalano jwa polotiki == Mafatshe a a nang le botsalano le la Botswana mo go tsa sepolotiki: {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="3" |[[Setshwantsho:Diplomatic relations of Botswana.svg|center|frameless|350x350px]] |- |# |'''Lefatshe''' |'''Kgwedi'''<ref>[https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&as=1&m1=p&p1=Diplomatic%20relations%20between%20Botswana%20and%20...&f1=series&op1=a&m2=a&p2=&f2=&op2=a&m3=a&p3=&f3=&dt=&d1d=&d1m=&d1y=&d2d=&d2m=&d2y=&rm=&sf=year&so=a&rg=50&c=United%20Nations%20Digital%20Library%20System&of=hb&fti=0&fti=0 "Diplomatic relations between Botswana and ..."] United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |1 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United Kingdom (3-5).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[United Kingdom]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>''The Diplomatic Service List''. Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. 1970. pp.&nbsp;136–149.</ref> |- |2 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Japan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Japan]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220801145836/https://guardiansun.co.bw/News/botswana-and-japan-celebrate-50-years-of-diplomatic-relations "Botswana And Japan Celebrate 50 Years of Diplomatic Relations".] [[Botswana Guardian|''Botswana Guardian''.]] 5 August 2016. Archived from [https://guardiansun.co.bw/News/botswana-and-japan-celebrate-50-years-of-diplomatic-relations the original] on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |3 |[[United States of America]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>[https://history.state.gov/countries/all "All Countries".] ''Office of the Historian''. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |4 |[[Germany]] |Phalane a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>[https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/service/laender/botsuana-node/botsuana-219506 "Botsuana: Steckbrief".] ''Auswärtiges Amt'' (in German). Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |5 |[[Zambia]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref name=":0">''Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. pp.&nbsp;82–87.</ref> |- |6 |[[France]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa<ref>[https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr "Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945"] (PDF) (in French). p.&nbsp;44.</ref> |- |7 |[[Philippines]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://x.com/DFAPHL/status/828400555722756096 "Today we celebrate 50 years of formal diplomatic relations with Botswana!".] 6 February 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |8 |[[Israel]] |Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/outspoken-botswana-loses-its-voice-on-israel/ "Outspoken Botswana loses its voice on Israel".] ''Sunday Standard''. 3 November 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231103014414/https://www.sundaystandard.info/outspoken-botswana-loses-its-voice-on-israel/ Archived] from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |9 |[[Malawi]] |Phukwi a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>''Report''. Malawi. Police Force. 1968. p.&nbsp;2.</ref> |- |10 |[[Netherlands]] |Phatwe a le lesome, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>''Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken Volumes 86-90'' (in Dutch). Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken. 1967. p.&nbsp;152.</ref> |- |11 |[[Switzerland]] |Phatwe a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://dodis.ch/32532 "Ernennung eines schweizerischen Botschafters in Botswana und Lesotho. Sitz in Pretoria".] ''dodis.ch'' (in German). 22 August 1967. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |12 |[[Ethiopia]] |Phalane a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe nasome a marataro le bosupa<ref name=":0" /> |- |13 |[[Kenya]] |Phalane a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a le marataro le bosupa<ref name=":0" /> |- |14 |[[Norway]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robbaongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/departementene/ud/vedlegg/protokoll/diplomatiske_forbindelser.pdf "Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater"] (PDF). ''regjeringen.no'' (in Norwegian). 27 April 1999. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |15 |[[Sweden]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marararo le borobabobedi.<ref>[https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstreams/c2f5a602-de12-4d98-b2c4-11de6ac633b9/download "Sveriges statskalender 1969"] (in Swedish). p.&nbsp;46. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |16 |[[South Korea]] |Moranang a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi<ref>[https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/list.do "Countries & Regions"]. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |17 |[[Austria]] |Morule a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi<ref>''Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa, Capetown Volume 2''. 1970. p.&nbsp;458. <q>Austrian Ambassador , Paul Zedwitz , presenting his credentials to Sir Seretse Khama , 5 Dec. 1968 . at Gaberones</q></ref><ref>''Diplomatic, Consular and International Organisations List''. Republic of Botswana. 1971. p.&nbsp;1. <q>5.12.68 His Excellency Dr. Paul Zedtwitz, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Austria (Resident in Pretoria).</q></ref> |- |18 | [[Canada]] |Morule a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi<ref>Linwood, DeLong (January 2020). [https://www.cgai.ca/a_guide_to_canadian_diplomatic_relations_1925_2019 "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019".] Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |19 |[[Nigeria]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>''Kutlwano, 9-10''. Bechuanaland Protectorate. Information Branch, Botswana. Information Services. 1974. p.&nbsp;4.</ref> |- |20 |[[Czech Republic]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref name=":0" /> |- |21 |[[Russia]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>''Africa Quarterly''. Vol.&nbsp;10. Indian Centre for Africa. 1970. p.&nbsp;37.</ref> |- |22 |[[Denmark]] |Motsheganong a le lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>''[https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/910992.pdf Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender 1971]'' (PDF) (in Danish). 1971. p.&nbsp;23.</ref> |- |23 |[[Serbia]] |Lwetse a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>Presse, Agence France (1970). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=Muo0AQAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y Africa]''. Agence France-Presse. p.&nbsp;32.</ref> |- |24 |[[Italia]] |gwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/281137451918748/photos/a.292204164145410/1151053924927092/?type=3&_rdr "Dr. Filippo Scammacca Del Murgo e Dell Agnone presented his credentials to Dr. Sertese Khama Ian Khama".] ''Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Botswana in Facebook''. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |25 |[[Romania]] |Phalane a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le motso<ref>[https://www.mae.ro/en/node/2187 "Diplomatic Relations of Romania".] Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |26 |[[Belgium]] |Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a robabongwe, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le motso<ref>''Diplomatic, Consular and International Organisations List''. Republic of Botswana. 1971. p.&nbsp;2.</ref> |- |27 |[[Tanzania]] | |- |28 |[[India]] | |- |29 |[[Egypt]] | |- |30 |[[Lesotho]] | |- |31 |[[Australia]] | |- |32 |[[North Korea]] (e seegetswe kwa thoko ka nakwana) | |- |33 |[[China]] | |- |34 |[[Ghana]] | |- |35 |[[Guyana]] | |- |36 |[[Mexico]] | |- |37 |[[Mozambique]] | |- |38 |[[Eswatini]] | |- |39 |[[Libya]] | |- |40 |[[Luxemborg|Luxembourg]] | |- |41 |[[Cuba]] | |- |42 |[[Argentina]] | |- |43 |[[Greece]] | |- |44 |[[Finland]] | |- |45 |[[Poland]] | |- |46 |[[Algeria]] | |- |47 |[[Angola]] | |- |48 |[[Portugal]] | |- |49 |[[Hungary]] | |- |50 |[[Turkey]] | |- |51 |[[Spain]] | |- |52 |[[Jamaica]] | |- |53 |[[Bulgaria]] | |- |54 |[[Albania]] | |- |55 |[[Zimbabwe]] | |- |56 |[[Bangladesh]] | |- |57 |[[Brazil]] | |- |58 |[[Thailand]] | |- |59 |[[Iraq]] | |- |60 |[[Pakistan]] | |- |61 |[[New Zealand]] | |- |62 |[[Seychelles]] | |- |63 |[[Iran]] | |- |64 |[[Vanuatu]] | |- |65 |[[Uganda]] | |- |66 |[[Colombia]] | |- |67 |[[Somalia]] | |- |68 |[[Iceland]] | |- |69 |[[Namibia]] | |- |70 |[[Malaysia]] | |- |71 |[[Tunisia]] | |- |72 |[[Singapore]] | |- |73 |[[Aforika Borwa]] | |- |74 |[[Kuwait]] | |- |75 |[[Ireland]] | |- |76 |[[Chile]] | |- |77 |[[Trinidad and Tobago]] | |- |78 |[[Slovakia]] | |- |79 |[[Mauritius]] | |- |80 |[[Latvia]] | |- |81 |[[Estonia]] | |- |82 |[[Lithuania]] | |- |83 |[[Ukraine]] | |- |84 |[[Rwanda]] | |- |85 |[[Malta]] | |- |86 |[[Cyprus]] | |- |87 |[[Morocco]] | |- |88 |[[Slovenia]] | |- |89 |[[Madagascar]] | |- |90 |[[Croatia]] | |- |91 |[[Belarus]] | |- |92 |[[United Arab Emirates]] | |- |93 |[[Bahamas]] | |- |94 |[[Dominican Republic]] | |- |95 |[[Republic of the Congo]] | |- |96 |[[Qatar]] | |- |97 |[[Equatorial Guinea]] | |- |98 |[[Barbados]] | |- |99 |[[Gabon]] | |- |100 |[[Niger]] | |- |101 |[[Sudan]] | |- |102 |[[Burkina Faso]] | |- |103 |[[Benin]] | |- |104 |[[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] | |- |105 |[[Saudi Arabia]] | |- |106 |[[Burundi]] | |- |107 |[[Djibouti]] | |- |108 |[[Guinea]] | |- |109 |[[Uruguay]] | |- |110 |[[Guatemala]] | |- |111 |[[Mauritania]] | |- |112 |[[Ecuador]] | |- |113 |[[Mali]] | |- |114 |[[Ivory Coast]] | |- |115 |[[Venezuela]] | |- |116 |[[Paraguay]] | |- |117 |[[Honduras]] | |- |118 |[[Dominica]] | |- |119 |[[Nicaragua]] | |- |120 |[[Costa Rica]] | |- |121 |[[Antigua and Barbuda]] | |- |122 |[[Suriname]] | |- |123 |[[Belize]] | |- |124 |[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] | |- |125 |[[Sri Lanka]] | |- |126 |[[Holy See]] | |- |127 |[[Nepal]] | |- |128 |[[Vietnam]] | |- |129 |[[Saint Kitts and nevis]] | |- |130 |[[North Macedonia]] | |- |131 |[[Panama]] | |- |132 |[[Georgia]] | |- |133 |[[Samoa]] | |- |134 |[[Guinea-Bissau]] | |- |135 |[[Montenegro]] | |- |136 |[[Liberia]] | |- |137 |[[Solomon Islands]] | |- |138 |[[Papua New Guinea]] | |- |139 |[[Monaco]] | |- |140 |[[Fiji]] | |- |141 |[[South Sudan]] | |- |142 |[[Indonesia]] | |- |143 |[[Chad]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano |- |144 |[[Sierra Leone]] |Tlhakole a le leome le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano |- |145 |[[Senegal]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano |- |146 |[[State of Palestine]] |Mopitlo a robabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa |- |147 |[[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] |Motsheganong a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi |- |148 |[[Comoros]] |Lwetse a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi |- |149 |[[Togo]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le motso |- |150 |[[Central African Republic]] |Phalane a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le motso<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/lepotentielcentrafricain/posts/2944388082541603/?locale=hi_IN&_rdr "L'ambassadeur Nzapayeke est accredite aupres de la Republique du Botswana".] ''Le Potentiel Centrafricain.com'' (in French). Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |151 |[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/BWPresidency/videos/arrival-of-ambassador-designate-mrs-emillie-a-mushobekwa-of-the-democratic-repub/525396969660843/ "Arrival of Ambassador Designate Mrs Emillie A. Mushobekwa of the Democratic Republic of Congo, for Presentation of Letters of Credence at the Office of The President, Gaborone".] 9 February 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2026 &#x2013; via Facebook.</ref> |- |152 |[[Mongolia]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |153 |[[Saint Lucia]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |154 |[[Tajikistan]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |155 |[[Laos]] |Morule a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |156 |[[Maldives]] |Morule a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |157 |[[Armenia]] |Morule a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro<ref>[https://armenpress.am/en/article/1126252 "Diplomatic relations established between Armenia and Botswana".] ''[[:en:Armenpress|Armenpress]]''. 14 December 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |158 |[[The Gambia]] |Tlhakole a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone<ref>[https://www.instagram.com/bwpresidency/p/C3S5SkFNZDZ/?img_index=1 "President Masisi recieves &#x5B;sic&#x5D; letters of credence from ambassador designates".] ''bwpresidency''. 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |159 |[[Bolivia]] |Phatwe a rogwa ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone |- |160 |[[Uzbekistan]] |Lwetse a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone<ref>[https://www.tengritimes.com/en/post/uzbekistan-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-another-african-country-botswana "Uzbekistan establishes diplomatic relations with another African country - Botswana".] ''Times Tenrgi''. 26 September 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |161 |[[Liechtenstein]] |Ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone<ref>[https://www.llv.li/serviceportal2/amtsstellen/stabstelle-regierungskanzlei/rechenschaftsbericht-2024.pdf "Landtag, Regierung und Gerichte 2024"] (PDF) (in German). 2025. p.&nbsp;153.</ref> |- |162 |[[Kyrgyzstan]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=1063928925778499&id=100064842032316&_rdr "Botswana and Kyrgyz Republic establish diplomatic relations".] ''Ministry of International Relations, Botswana on Facebook''. 5 March 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |163 |[[Oman]] |Phalane a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le botlhano |- |164 |[[Turkmenistan]] |Phalane a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le botlhano |- |165 |[[Kazakhstan]] |Phalane a le masome mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome mabedi le botlhano |- |166 |[[Azerbaijan]] |Ngwanatsele a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano |- |167 |[[Cape Verde]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome mabedi le borataro<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/Presidencia.cv/posts/pfbid02pbCw2AhzDQwXmCuRaA6VwH5s23rDvgJ2B25jsnAdgBrWz7T1QYTJvxUVS3xvnjKyl "PR recebe Cartas Credenciais da nova Embaixadora de Botswana".] ''Presidência da República de Cabo Verde'' (in Portuguese). 25 February 2026. Retrieved 13 July 2026.</ref> |- |168 |[[El Salvador]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro |- |169 |[[Moldova]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro |- |170 |[[Bahrain]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro<ref>[https://www.bna.bh/en/BahrainBotswanaestablishdiplomaticrelations.aspx?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2bDpZCGkNlmsjjveUvx%2fDgvs4%3d "Bahrain, Botswana establish diplomatic relations".] ''Bahrain News Agency''. 30 June 2026. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |} == Botsalano gareng ga mafatshe a mabedi == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Lefatshe !Tshimologo ya botsalano !Dintlha |- |[[Australia]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le boraro | * |- | | | |- | | | |} == Botswana le FOSS == Lefatshe la Botswana le sale le nna leloko la bokopano jwa mafatshe a mannye (Forum of Small States) fa setlhopha seo se tlhamiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a obabongwe le bobedi.<ref>''50 Years of Singapore and the United Nations''. World Scientific. 2015. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-981-4713-03-0|978-981-4713-03-0]]</bdi>.access-date=13 July 2026</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Dithomo tsa botsalano jwa sepolotiki mo Botswana]] * [[Dithomo tsa botsalano jwa sepolotiki tsa Botswana]] == Metswedi == eks0813jg1nb0z3082inbpdlovbrvgd 52392 52391 2026-07-13T11:01:46Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe ya Botsalano jwa lefatshe la Botswana le mafatshe a mangwe #WikipediaBW25 52392 wikitext text/x-wiki Lefatshe la [[Botswana]] le tsaya tirisanommogo mo go tsa itsholelo le polotiki mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] ka tlhwaafalo. Le lekile go dira gore lekgotla la [[Southern African Development Community]] (SADC), le bereke mo go tsa tlhabololo itsholelo, gape le tokafaditse maiteko a go dira gore kgaolo e itirele melao fa go tsena mo go tsa tirisanommogo, go rarabolola tlhoka kutlwisisano, le boteledipele jo bo siameng. == Botsalano jwa polotiki == Mafatshe a a nang le botsalano le la Botswana mo go tsa sepolotiki: {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="3" |[[Setshwantsho:Diplomatic relations of Botswana.svg|center|frameless|350x350px]] |- |# |'''Lefatshe''' |'''Kgwedi'''<ref>[https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&as=1&m1=p&p1=Diplomatic%20relations%20between%20Botswana%20and%20...&f1=series&op1=a&m2=a&p2=&f2=&op2=a&m3=a&p3=&f3=&dt=&d1d=&d1m=&d1y=&d2d=&d2m=&d2y=&rm=&sf=year&so=a&rg=50&c=United%20Nations%20Digital%20Library%20System&of=hb&fti=0&fti=0 "Diplomatic relations between Botswana and ..."] United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |1 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United Kingdom (3-5).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[United Kingdom]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>''The Diplomatic Service List''. Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. 1970. pp.&nbsp;136–149.</ref> |- |2 |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Japan.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Japan]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220801145836/https://guardiansun.co.bw/News/botswana-and-japan-celebrate-50-years-of-diplomatic-relations "Botswana And Japan Celebrate 50 Years of Diplomatic Relations".] [[Botswana Guardian|''Botswana Guardian''.]] 5 August 2016. Archived from [https://guardiansun.co.bw/News/botswana-and-japan-celebrate-50-years-of-diplomatic-relations the original] on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |3 |[[United States of America]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>[https://history.state.gov/countries/all "All Countries".] ''Office of the Historian''. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |4 |[[Germany]] |Phalane a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref>[https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/service/laender/botsuana-node/botsuana-219506 "Botsuana: Steckbrief".] ''Auswärtiges Amt'' (in German). Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |5 |[[Zambia]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro<ref name=":0">''Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. pp.&nbsp;82–87.</ref> |- |6 |[[France]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa<ref>[https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr "Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945"] (PDF) (in French). p.&nbsp;44.</ref> |- |7 |[[Philippines]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://x.com/DFAPHL/status/828400555722756096 "Today we celebrate 50 years of formal diplomatic relations with Botswana!".] 6 February 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |8 |[[Israel]] |Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/outspoken-botswana-loses-its-voice-on-israel/ "Outspoken Botswana loses its voice on Israel".] ''Sunday Standard''. 3 November 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231103014414/https://www.sundaystandard.info/outspoken-botswana-loses-its-voice-on-israel/ Archived] from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |9 |[[Malawi]] |Phukwi a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>''Report''. Malawi. Police Force. 1968. p.&nbsp;2.</ref> |- |10 |[[Netherlands]] |Phatwe a le lesome, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>''Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken Volumes 86-90'' (in Dutch). Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken. 1967. p.&nbsp;152.</ref> |- |11 |[[Switzerland]] |Phatwe a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://dodis.ch/32532 "Ernennung eines schweizerischen Botschafters in Botswana und Lesotho. Sitz in Pretoria".] ''dodis.ch'' (in German). 22 August 1967. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |12 |[[Ethiopia]] |Phalane a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe nasome a marataro le bosupa<ref name=":0" /> |- |13 |[[Kenya]] |Phalane a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a le marataro le bosupa<ref name=":0" /> |- |14 |[[Norway]] |Ngwanatsele a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robbaongwe, masome a marataro le bosupa<ref>[https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/departementene/ud/vedlegg/protokoll/diplomatiske_forbindelser.pdf "Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater"] (PDF). ''regjeringen.no'' (in Norwegian). 27 April 1999. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |15 |[[Sweden]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marararo le borobabobedi.<ref>[https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstreams/c2f5a602-de12-4d98-b2c4-11de6ac633b9/download "Sveriges statskalender 1969"] (in Swedish). p.&nbsp;46. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |16 |[[South Korea]] |Moranang a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi<ref>[https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/list.do "Countries & Regions"]. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |17 |[[Austria]] |Morule a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi<ref>''Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa, Capetown Volume 2''. 1970. p.&nbsp;458. <q>Austrian Ambassador , Paul Zedwitz , presenting his credentials to Sir Seretse Khama , 5 Dec. 1968 . at Gaberones</q></ref><ref>''Diplomatic, Consular and International Organisations List''. Republic of Botswana. 1971. p.&nbsp;1. <q>5.12.68 His Excellency Dr. Paul Zedtwitz, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Austria (Resident in Pretoria).</q></ref> |- |18 | [[Canada]] |Morule a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabobedi<ref>Linwood, DeLong (January 2020). [https://www.cgai.ca/a_guide_to_canadian_diplomatic_relations_1925_2019 "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019".] Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |19 |[[Nigeria]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>''Kutlwano, 9-10''. Bechuanaland Protectorate. Information Branch, Botswana. Information Services. 1974. p.&nbsp;4.</ref> |- |20 |[[Czech Republic]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref name=":0" /> |- |21 |[[Russia]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>''Africa Quarterly''. Vol.&nbsp;10. Indian Centre for Africa. 1970. p.&nbsp;37.</ref> |- |22 |[[Denmark]] |Motsheganong a le lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>''[https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/910992.pdf Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender 1971]'' (PDF) (in Danish). 1971. p.&nbsp;23.</ref> |- |23 |[[Serbia]] |Lwetse a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>Presse, Agence France (1970). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=Muo0AQAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y Africa]''. Agence France-Presse. p.&nbsp;32.</ref> |- |24 |[[Italia]] |gwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/281137451918748/photos/a.292204164145410/1151053924927092/?type=3&_rdr "Dr. Filippo Scammacca Del Murgo e Dell Agnone presented his credentials to Dr. Sertese Khama Ian Khama".] ''Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Botswana in Facebook''. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |25 |[[Romania]] |Phalane a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le motso<ref>[https://www.mae.ro/en/node/2187 "Diplomatic Relations of Romania".] Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |26 |[[Belgium]] |Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a robabongwe, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le motso<ref>''Diplomatic, Consular and International Organisations List''. Republic of Botswana. 1971. p.&nbsp;2.</ref> |- |27 |[[Tanzania]] | |- |28 |[[India]] | |- |29 |[[Egypt]] | |- |30 |[[Lesotho]] | |- |31 |[[Australia]] | |- |32 |[[North Korea]] (e seegetswe kwa thoko ka nakwana) | |- |33 |[[China]] | |- |34 |[[Ghana]] | |- |35 |[[Guyana]] | |- |36 |[[Mexico]] | |- |37 |[[Mozambique]] | |- |38 |[[Eswatini]] | |- |39 |[[Libya]] | |- |40 |[[Luxemborg|Luxembourg]] | |- |41 |[[Cuba]] | |- |42 |[[Argentina]] | |- |43 |[[Greece]] | |- |44 |[[Finland]] | |- |45 |[[Poland]] | |- |46 |[[Algeria]] | |- |47 |[[Angola]] | |- |48 |[[Portugal]] | |- |49 |[[Hungary]] | |- |50 |[[Turkey]] | |- |51 |[[Spain]] | |- |52 |[[Jamaica]] | |- |53 |[[Bulgaria]] | |- |54 |[[Albania]] | |- |55 |[[Zimbabwe]] | |- |56 |[[Bangladesh]] | |- |57 |[[Brazil]] | |- |58 |[[Thailand]] | |- |59 |[[Iraq]] | |- |60 |[[Pakistan]] | |- |61 |[[New Zealand]] | |- |62 |[[Seychelles]] | |- |63 |[[Iran]] | |- |64 |[[Vanuatu]] | |- |65 |[[Uganda]] | |- |66 |[[Colombia]] | |- |67 |[[Somalia]] | |- |68 |[[Iceland]] | |- |69 |[[Namibia]] | |- |70 |[[Malaysia]] | |- |71 |[[Tunisia]] | |- |72 |[[Singapore]] | |- |73 |[[Aforika Borwa]] | |- |74 |[[Kuwait]] | |- |75 |[[Ireland]] | |- |76 |[[Chile]] | |- |77 |[[Trinidad and Tobago]] | |- |78 |[[Slovakia]] | |- |79 |[[Mauritius]] | |- |80 |[[Latvia]] | |- |81 |[[Estonia]] | |- |82 |[[Lithuania]] | |- |83 |[[Ukraine]] | |- |84 |[[Rwanda]] | |- |85 |[[Malta]] | |- |86 |[[Cyprus]] | |- |87 |[[Morocco]] | |- |88 |[[Slovenia]] | |- |89 |[[Madagascar]] | |- |90 |[[Croatia]] | |- |91 |[[Belarus]] | |- |92 |[[United Arab Emirates]] | |- |93 |[[Bahamas]] | |- |94 |[[Dominican Republic]] | |- |95 |[[Republic of the Congo]] | |- |96 |[[Qatar]] | |- |97 |[[Equatorial Guinea]] | |- |98 |[[Barbados]] | |- |99 |[[Gabon]] | |- |100 |[[Niger]] | |- |101 |[[Sudan]] | |- |102 |[[Burkina Faso]] | |- |103 |[[Benin]] | |- |104 |[[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] | |- |105 |[[Saudi Arabia]] | |- |106 |[[Burundi]] | |- |107 |[[Djibouti]] | |- |108 |[[Guinea]] | |- |109 |[[Uruguay]] | |- |110 |[[Guatemala]] | |- |111 |[[Mauritania]] | |- |112 |[[Ecuador]] | |- |113 |[[Mali]] | |- |114 |[[Ivory Coast]] | |- |115 |[[Venezuela]] | |- |116 |[[Paraguay]] | |- |117 |[[Honduras]] | |- |118 |[[Dominica]] | |- |119 |[[Nicaragua]] | |- |120 |[[Costa Rica]] | |- |121 |[[Antigua and Barbuda]] | |- |122 |[[Suriname]] | |- |123 |[[Belize]] | |- |124 |[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] | |- |125 |[[Sri Lanka]] | |- |126 |[[Holy See]] | |- |127 |[[Nepal]] | |- |128 |[[Vietnam]] | |- |129 |[[Saint Kitts and nevis]] | |- |130 |[[North Macedonia]] | |- |131 |[[Panama]] | |- |132 |[[Georgia]] | |- |133 |[[Samoa]] | |- |134 |[[Guinea-Bissau]] | |- |135 |[[Montenegro]] | |- |136 |[[Liberia]] | |- |137 |[[Solomon Islands]] | |- |138 |[[Papua New Guinea]] | |- |139 |[[Monaco]] | |- |140 |[[Fiji]] | |- |141 |[[South Sudan]] | |- |142 |[[Indonesia]] | |- |143 |[[Chad]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano |- |144 |[[Sierra Leone]] |Tlhakole a le leome le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano |- |145 |[[Senegal]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano |- |146 |[[State of Palestine]] |Mopitlo a robabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le bosupa |- |147 |[[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] |Motsheganong a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi |- |148 |[[Comoros]] |Lwetse a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borobabobedi |- |149 |[[Togo]] |Mopitlo a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le motso |- |150 |[[Central African Republic]] |Phalane a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le motso<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/lepotentielcentrafricain/posts/2944388082541603/?locale=hi_IN&_rdr "L'ambassadeur Nzapayeke est accredite aupres de la Republique du Botswana".] ''Le Potentiel Centrafricain.com'' (in French). Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |151 |[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |Tlhakole a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/BWPresidency/videos/arrival-of-ambassador-designate-mrs-emillie-a-mushobekwa-of-the-democratic-repub/525396969660843/ "Arrival of Ambassador Designate Mrs Emillie A. Mushobekwa of the Democratic Republic of Congo, for Presentation of Letters of Credence at the Office of The President, Gaborone".] 9 February 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2026 &#x2013; via Facebook.</ref> |- |152 |[[Mongolia]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |153 |[[Saint Lucia]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |154 |[[Tajikistan]] |Morule a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |155 |[[Laos]] |Morule a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |156 |[[Maldives]] |Morule a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro |- |157 |[[Armenia]] |Morule a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le boraro<ref>[https://armenpress.am/en/article/1126252 "Diplomatic relations established between Armenia and Botswana".] ''[[:en:Armenpress|Armenpress]]''. 14 December 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |158 |[[The Gambia]] |Tlhakole a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone<ref>[https://www.instagram.com/bwpresidency/p/C3S5SkFNZDZ/?img_index=1 "President Masisi recieves &#x5B;sic&#x5D; letters of credence from ambassador designates".] ''bwpresidency''. 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |159 |[[Bolivia]] |Phatwe a rogwa ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone |- |160 |[[Uzbekistan]] |Lwetse a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone<ref>[https://www.tengritimes.com/en/post/uzbekistan-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-another-african-country-botswana "Uzbekistan establishes diplomatic relations with another African country - Botswana".] ''Times Tenrgi''. 26 September 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |161 |[[Liechtenstein]] |Ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone<ref>[https://www.llv.li/serviceportal2/amtsstellen/stabstelle-regierungskanzlei/rechenschaftsbericht-2024.pdf "Landtag, Regierung und Gerichte 2024"] (PDF) (in German). 2025. p.&nbsp;153.</ref> |- |162 |[[Kyrgyzstan]] |Mopitlo a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=1063928925778499&id=100064842032316&_rdr "Botswana and Kyrgyz Republic establish diplomatic relations".] ''Ministry of International Relations, Botswana on Facebook''. 5 March 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |- |163 |[[Oman]] |Phalane a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le botlhano |- |164 |[[Turkmenistan]] |Phalane a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome a mabedi le botlhano |- |165 |[[Kazakhstan]] |Phalane a le masome mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi masome mabedi le botlhano |- |166 |[[Azerbaijan]] |Ngwanatsele a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano |- |167 |[[Cape Verde]] |Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome mabedi le borataro<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/Presidencia.cv/posts/pfbid02pbCw2AhzDQwXmCuRaA6VwH5s23rDvgJ2B25jsnAdgBrWz7T1QYTJvxUVS3xvnjKyl "PR recebe Cartas Credenciais da nova Embaixadora de Botswana".] ''Presidência da República de Cabo Verde'' (in Portuguese). 25 February 2026. Retrieved 13 July 2026.</ref> |- |168 |[[El Salvador]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro |- |169 |[[Moldova]] |Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro |- |170 |[[Bahrain]] |Seetebosigo a le masome mararo ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le borataro<ref>[https://www.bna.bh/en/BahrainBotswanaestablishdiplomaticrelations.aspx?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2bDpZCGkNlmsjjveUvx%2fDgvs4%3d "Bahrain, Botswana establish diplomatic relations".] ''Bahrain News Agency''. 30 June 2026. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> |} == Botsalano gareng ga mafatshe a mabedi == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Lefatshe !Tshimologo ya botsalano !Dintlha |- |[[Australia]] |Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a supa le boraro | *Lefatshe la [[Australia]] le amogetswe ke la Botswana go tswa kwa ofising ya boemedi kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)]], [[Aforika Borwa]], ka |- |[[China]] | | |- |[[Greece]] | | |- |[[India]] | | |- |[[Indonesia]] | | |- |[[Israel]] | | |- |[[Kenya]] | | |- |[[Mexico]] | | |- |[[Namibia]] | | |- |[[North Korea]] | | |- |[[Oman]] | | |- |[[Russia]] | | |- |[[Aforika Borwa]] | | |- |[[South Korea]] | | |- |[[Turkey]] | | |- |[[United Kingdom]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro | |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[USA]] |Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a maratyaro le borataro<ref>[https://history.state.gov/countries/botswana "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Botswana"].</ref> |Bona [[Botsalano jwa mafatshe a Botswana le United States]][[Setshwantsho:Embassy of Botswana, Washington, D.C..jpg|thumb|Ofisi ya Botswana kwa [[Washington, D.C.]]]]Lefatshe la United States le bona la Botswana e le mmueledi gape e le sekao sa go ritibala mo Aforika, le tswa kgakala le berekisana le la Botswana mo ditlhabololong fa e sale ka boipuso. U.S Peace corps ba ne ba boela Botswana ka Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bobedi ka maikaelelo a go dira mananeo a a lebaganeng le HIV/AIDS morago ga go fetsa dingwaga tse di masome mararo a go thusa mo go tsepameng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bosupa.Ka mo go tshwanang, USAID e ne ya emisa bokopano jwa sebaka se seleele le Botswana ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borataro, morago ga mananeo a a atlegileng a thuto, katiso, kgwebo, go okamela tikologo, le botsogo jwa pelegi. Lefatshe la Botswana, le fa go ntse jalo, lone le mafatshe a a mabapi, le tswelela ka go anywa mo lenaneong la USAID la borwa jwa Aforika, le jaanong le leng kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)]], le ofisi ya go phadisana ga borwa jwa Aforika ya USAID e diofisikgolo tsa yone di leng kwa Gaborone. Lekgotla la mafatshefatshe la United States la babega dikgang le na le setaitane sa Voice of America mo Botswana le le thusang bontsi jwa mafatshe a a mo Aforika. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le botlhano, lekgotla le le laolang malwetsi la CDC le ne la simolola porojeke ya BOTUSA le kopane le lephata la [[botsogo mo Botswana]] go ntsha dintlha go tokafatsa maiteko a go laola kgotlholo e tona mo Botswana le mafatshe a mangwe ka nako ya fa kgotlholo e tona le HIV/AIDS di tlhasetse. Ka nako ya lenaneo la ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe la boeteledipele jwa U.S mo go lwantsheng segajaja, CDC ka BOTUSA e ne ya dira diporojeke tse dintsi gape e thusitse makgolta a mantsi mo go lwantsheng HIV/AIDS mo Botswana. Lefatshe la Botswana ke lengwe la mafatshe a a lesome le botlhano a lenaneo la ga tautona la tshoganyetso go lwantsha HIV, le amogetse didikadike tsa di dolara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mararo fa e sale lenaneo leo le simolola ka Firikgong ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bone go tsena Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa. Thuso ya PEPFAR kwa Botswana, e e neng e le madi otlhe a a kanang ka didikadike di le masome a supa le borataro kwa ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bosupa, le thusa go thibela, go alafa le go tlhokomela balwetse ba HIV/AIDS. Puso ya Botswana le ya United States ba stene mo tumalanong ka Phukwi ngwag wa dikete pedi go tlhama sekolo sa katisetso molao kwa Gaborone. Sekolo se, se dipuso tse di pataganetseng go ntsha madi a sone le go se okamela, se katisa mapodisi le matona a puso mo Aforika. Dikago tsa sekolo di kwa Otse, kwa ntle ga Gaborone, se bustwe ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete pedi le boraro. Batho ba molao ba ka nna dikete tharo mo Aforika ba katisitswe mo sekolong se fa se sale se simolola go ruta ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le motso. * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[Washington, D.C.]] * Lefatshe la United States le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa Gaborone |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|left|frameless|30x30px]][[Zimbabwe]] |Motsheganong a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro |Mafatshe a ka bobedi a nnile le tirisanommogo ka Motsheganong a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le boraro. Lefatshe la Botswana le santse le sokola ka go tswala molelwane, le tswalela dikete tsa batho ba Zimbabwe ba ba tshabang go phutlhama ga itsholelo le pogiso ya sepolotiki. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le botlhano, batho ba Zimbabwe ba le dikete di le masome mabedi le bobedi ba ne ba tshwarwa ba bo ba busediwa gae. Dipalo tsa batho ba ba buseditsweng gae di ne tsa oketsega go nna dikete di le masome mabedi le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>Dube, Mqondisi (14 August 2019). [https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_botswana-battles-influx-zimbabwean-illegal-immigrants/6173868.html "Botswana Battles Influx of Zimbabwean Illegal Immigrants"]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved 13 July 2026</ref> * Lefatshe la Botswana le na le ofisi ya kemedi kwa [[Harare]] * Lefatshe la Zimbabwe le na le ofisi ya boemedi kwa [[Gaborone]] |} == Botswana le FOSS == Lefatshe la Botswana le sale le nna leloko la bokopano jwa mafatshe a mannye (Forum of Small States) fa setlhopha seo se tlhamiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a obabongwe le bobedi.<ref>''50 Years of Singapore and the United Nations''. World Scientific. 2015. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-981-4713-03-0|978-981-4713-03-0]]</bdi>.access-date=13 July 2026</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Dithomo tsa botsalano jwa sepolotiki mo Botswana]] * [[Dithomo tsa botsalano jwa sepolotiki tsa Botswana]] == Metswedi == mtw2zinhoai3v6opeo9gmr10dhk8oy2 Kgaolo ya Botlhophi ya Okavango Bophirima 0 14387 52393 2026-07-13T11:52:29Z MmaBaggio 11091 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Kgaolo ya Botlhophi ya Okavango Bophirima 52393 wikitext text/x-wiki Okavango Bophirima ke kgaolo ya botlhophi mo [[Kgaolo ya Bokone Bophirima (Botswana)|Kgaolong ya Bokone-Bophirima]] e e emetsweng mo [[Kokoanong Bosetšhaba ya Botswana]]. Morago ga go wediwa ga 2022 Delimitation of Parliamentary constituencies, setilo se ne sa tsenelwa lekgetlo la ntlha mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone mme se ntse se emetswe ke Kenny Kapinga wa [[Botswana Congress Party]] fa e sale go tloga ka nako eo. == Popego ya Kgaolo == Toropokgolo e bogolosegolo e kwa magaeng mme e akaretsa mafelo a a latelang:<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20250826203516/https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 DELIMITATION COMMISSION REPORT]'' (PDF). 2022. p.&#x20;8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2025-08-26. Retrieved 2024-09-21.</ref> Etsha 13 [[Ikoga]] [[Sepopa]] [[Nxamasere]] [[Shakawe]] Samochema Gana Tsodilo Nxauxau Chukumuchu Kajaja Jao == Metswedi == avdvh9g36pz5je43lfxk5xql8vol1qg