Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.11 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2280 52795 52689 2026-07-20T08:17:24Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52795 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:San_peoples|Basarwa]]''' [[:en:San_peoples|- Wikipedia]] {{Infobox Ethnic group|group=basarwa|image=[[File:Namibian Bushmen Girls.JPG|frameless|upright=1.5]]|image_caption=[[ǃKung people|ǃKung]] children in [[Namibia]]|related_groups=[[Khoekhoe]], [[Griqua people|Griqua]], [[Basters]], [[Coloureds]]|religions=[[San religion]], [[Christianity in Africa|Christianity]]|languages='''Native'''<br/>Languages of the [[Khoe languages|Khoe]], [[Kxʼa languages|Kxʼa]], and [[Tuu languages|Tuu]] families <br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Tswana language|Tswana]]{{•}} [[Kgalagadi language|Kgalagadi]]{{•}} [[Afrikaans]]{{•}} [[English language|English]]{{•}}[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]|pop50=1,200|region50={{flag|Zimbabwe}}|pop40=ca. 16,000|region40={{flag|Angola}}|pop30=ca. 7,000|region30={{flag|South Africa}}|pop20=63,500|region20={{flag|Botswana}}|pop11=71,201 (2023 census)<ref name="Census2023"/>|region11={{flag|Namibia}}|population=ca. 160,000}} Batho ba letso la masarwa, kgotsa Batho ba ko sekgweng, ke maloko a ditso dipe tsa tlholego tsa batsomi-baphuthi ba Aforika e e kwa borwa, le ditso tsa bogologolo tse di setseng tsa kgaolo.<ref>"[https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/foragers-first-peoples-kalahari-san-today Foragers to First Peoples: The Kalahari San Today | Cultural Survival]". ''www.culturalsurvival.org''. 28 April 2010. Retrieved 30 March 2024.</ref>[a] Ditlhaloso dingwe tsa tshekatsheko ya dijini di akantsha gore ba ne ba farologana le batho ba bangwe go tloga ka dingwaga di le 100 go ya go 220,000 tse di fetileng.<ref /> Dikgaolo tsa bone tsa bosheng tsa bagologolwane di akaretsa [[Botswana]], [[Namibia]], [[Angola]], [[:en:Zambia|Zambia]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Lesotho]],[3] le [[Aforika Borwa]]. Ba-Sarwa ba bua, kgotsa bagologolwane ba bone ba ne ba bua, dipuo tsa malapa a dipuo tsa [[:en:Khoe_languages|Khoe]], [[:en:Tuu_languages|Tuu]], le [[:en:Kxʼa_languages|Kxʼa]], mme di ka tlhalosiwa jaaka batho fela ka go farologana le badisa ba ba bapileng jaaka Ba-[[:en:Khoekhoe|Khoekhoe]] le ditlogolwana tsa makhubu a bosheng a bofaladi jaaka [[:en:Bantu_peoples|Ba-Bantu]], [[:en:Europeans|Bayuropa]], le [[:en:Indian_subcontinent|Ba-Asia Borwa.]] Ka ngwaga wa 2017, lefatshe la Botswana e ne e le legae la Basarwa ba ka nna dikete tse masome a marataro le boraro le makgolo a a matlhano, mme se sa dira gore e nne lefatshe le le nang le palo e e kwa godimo ya Basarwa ka karolo ya bobedi ntlha ya borobabobedi mo lekgolong.<ref>Hitchcock, Robert K.; Sapignoli, Maria (8 May 2019). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335022800 The economic wellbeing of the San of the western, central and eastern Kalahari regions of Botswana"]. In Fleming, Christopher; Manning, Matthew (eds.). ''Routledge Handbook of Indigenous Wellbeing'' (1st&#x20;ed.). [[:en:Routledge|Routledge]]. pp.&#x20;170–183. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781138909175|9781138909175]]</bdi> &#x2013; via [[:en:ResearchGate|ResearchGate.]]</ref>Batho ba Basarwa ba le dikete di le masome a supa le bongwe le makgolo mabedi le bongwe ba ne ba balelwa kwa lefatshe la Namibia ka ngwaga wa 2023, mme se se dira gore e nne lefatshe le le nang le karolo ya bobedi e e kwa godimo ya batho ba ba Basarwa ka karolo ya bobedi ntlha nne mo lekgolong<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20241110234059/https://census.nsanamibia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2023-Population-and-Housing-Census-Main-Report-28-Oct-2024.pdf Namibia 2023 Population and Housing Census Main Report]" (PDF). Namibia Statistics Agency. Archived from [https://census.nsanamibia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2023-Population-and-Housing-Census-Main-Report-28-Oct-2024.pdf the original] (PDF) on 10 November 2024. Retrieved 30 October 2024.</ref> Basarwa ke lereo la Khoekhoe le le nyatsang le le neng la amogelwa ke baithuta-loago ba Bophirima; baemedi ba merafe ya basarwa ba boletse gore ba rata go bidiwa merafe ya bone ka go farologana ka ngwaga wa 2003. == Tlhaloso == [[Setshwantsho:KhoisanLanguagesModernDistribution.png|thumb|Setshwantso sa kabo ya segompieno ya dipuo tsa "Khoisan". Dikgaolo tse di nang le moriti wa botala jwa loapi le botala, mme tse di kwa botlhaba jwa tsone, ke tsa batho ba Basarwa.]] Basarwa kgotsa Ba-Bushmen ke batho ba borwa jwa Afrika ba ka setso ba neng ba tshela botshelo jwa [[:en:Hunter-gatherer|go tsoma]] [[:en:Hunter-gatherer|le go kokoanya]] mme ba ne ba bua dipuo tse e seng tsa Bantu ka [[:en:Click_consonants|ditumammogo tsa click]] (ka jalo go sa akarediwe Ba-Twa, Ba-Kwisi le Ba-Cimba, mme gape le Ba-Kwadi le Ba-Damara). Ba ba akaretsa babui ba malapa a le mararo a a farologaneng a dipuo ba ba nnang fa gare ga [[:en:Okavango_River|Noka ya Okavango]] kwa lefatsheng la Botswana le lefelo la [[:en:Etosha_National_Park|Bosetšhaba ya Etosha]] kwa bokonebophirima jwa lefatshe la Namibia, e e atologelang kwa godimo go ya kwa borwa jwa lefatshe la Angola; batho ba bogare ba bontsi jwa mafatshe a Namibia le Botswana, go atologela kwa mafatsheng a Zambia le [[:en:Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]; le batho ba borwa kwa bogareng jwa Kalahari go ya kwa [[:en:Molopo_River|Nokeng ya Molopo]], ba mmogo le Khoekhoe e leng masalela a bofelo a batho ba tlholego ba ba neng ba le bantsi pele ba borwa jwa Aforika.<ref>Barnard, Alan (2007). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=e3MihaaJ314C Anthropology and the Bushman]''. Oxford: Berg. pp.&#x20;4–7. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781847883308|9781847883308]]</bdi>.</ref> == Maina == Maina a "Bushmen" le "San" ka bobedi ke mafoko a a farologaneng. Basarwa ga ba na lefoko le le kopanetsweng la bona ka dipuo tsa bona. "San" e tswa mo lefokong le le nyatsang la [[:en:Khoekhoe|Khoekhoe]] le le dirisiwang go kaya batho ba ba batlang dijo ba ba senang dikgomo kgotsa khumo e nngwe, go tswa mo moding saa "go tsaya mo mmung" le bontsi -n mo [[:en:Haiǁom_dialect|puong ya Haiǁom]].[<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140318092420/http://evan.oribi.cc:50080/index.php?option=com_rokdownloads&view=file&task=download&id=19%3Awimsa-annual-report-04-05&Itemid=79 WIMSA Annual Report 2004-05]". WIMSA. p.&#x20;58. Archived from [http://evan.oribi.cc:50080/index.php?option=com_rokdownloads&view=file&task=download&id=19%3Awimsa-annual-report-04-05&Itemid=79 the original] on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014. <q>the term 'San' comes from the Haiǁom language and has been abbreviated in the following way ... Saa – Picking things up (food) from the ground (i.e. 'gathering'), Saab – A male person gathering, Saas – A female person gathering, Saan – Many people gathering, San – One way to write 'all of the people gathering'</q></ref><ref>"The old Dutch also did not know that their so-called Hottentots formed only one branch of a wide-spread race, of which the other branch divided into ever so many tribes, differing from each other totally in language [...] While the so-called Hottentots called themselves Khoikhoi (men of men, ''i.e.'' men ''par excellence''), they called those other tribes ''Sā'', the Sonqua of the Cape Records [...] We should apply the term ''Hottentot'' to the whole race, and call the two families, each by the native name, that is the one, the ''Khoikhoi'', the so-called ''Hottentot proper''; the other the ''San'' (''Sā'') or ''Bushmen''." – Theophilus Hahn, ''Tsuni-ǁGoam: The Supreme Being to the Khoi-Khoi'' (1881), p. 3.</ref>[[File:San tribesman.jpg|300px|right]] '''Basarwa''' ke batho ba [[Botswana]]. Basarwa ke bone batho ba ntlha go nna mo Botswana. Batswana ba ne be goroga mo Botswana dingwaga tse di ntsi tse di fetileng. Ba ne ba tseela Basarwa lefatshe, ba bo ba dira gore Basarwa ba tshabele ko sekakeng. Ke ka moo gompieno Basarwa ba nnang ko sekakeng le ko merakeng. ===Ditso tsa pele=== [[Image:San-Paintings Murewa ZW.jpg|thumb|300px|1000- to 2000-year-old San-paintings near [[Murewa]] [[Zimbabwe]] ]] Tshekatsheko ya ditso e supa fa bangwe ba letso la basarwa ba sale ba nnile mo sekakeng sa kgaolo ya kgalagadi.Mme bontsi ja letso la Basarwa mo kgaolong ya borwa jwa [[Aferika]] ba ne ba patelediwa go nna mo kgaolong eo. Basarwa ba kalahari ba nnile mo lehumeng fa bahumi ba ba nnang go bapa le bone ba ba rontshitse ditshwanelo tsa go nna le lehatshe.Morago ga nako ee sa fedising pelo Botswana ga mmogo le [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia Namibia], ba ne ba fithela bonno jwa bone bo fokoditswe mo go fiteletseng.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110618001626/http://www.theartofafrica.co.za/serv/moderntimes.jsp The modern day Bushmen / San]. Art of Africa. Retrieved on 2012-01-29.</ref> ===Basarwa ba Kalahari=== Basarwa ke batho ba thata e itsiweng ele batsomi. Go nneng ga matlong a a sa akaegeng, Basarwa ba tshedile ka go tsoma diphologolo le go bapala diphologolo tsa naga.Bontsi jwa batho mo borwa jwa Afreka ba ne ba itsesiwe ngwao ya Basarwa ga mmogo le teme ya bone go dirisa setshwantsho sa motshikenyego.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://goafrica.about.com/library/bl.san.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-03-30 |archive-date=2012-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428203334/http://goafrica.about.com/library/bl.san.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Kgotla kgolo ya ditsheko== [[Setshwantsho:Bushmen hunters (cropped).png|thumb|Basarwa ba tsoma]] Ka kgwedi ya ferikgong a thola masome a mabedi le bosupa ngogola ,Basarwa ba ne ba fenya tsheko kgathanong le puso mo Botswana ko kgotla kgolo ya ditshekelo morago ga go kganelwa go amana le metsi a a nowang mo di dibeng tse di kwa ba nnang teng.Barrister Gordon Bennett e ne e le moemedi wa basarwa ko tshekong jaaka fa baathodi ba supa fa puso ya Botswana e le molato go fa thuso ee sa nametseng.Gangwe le gape, puso ya Botswana e ne bolelelwa gore e duele dituelo tsa go tsenelela tsheko ga Basarwa. ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Botswana]] 6afr1nrgp0qmy71471rbpta2w5vyxeq 52798 52795 2026-07-20T09:03:51Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52798 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:San_peoples|Basarwa]]''' [[:en:San_peoples|- Wikipedia]] {{Infobox Ethnic group|group=basarwa|image=[[File:Namibian Bushmen Girls.JPG|frameless|upright=1.5]]|image_caption=[[ǃKung people|ǃKung]] children in [[Namibia]]|related_groups=[[Khoekhoe]], [[Griqua people|Griqua]], [[Basters]], [[Coloureds]]|religions=[[San religion]], [[Christianity in Africa|Christianity]]|languages='''Native'''<br/>Languages of the [[Khoe languages|Khoe]], [[Kxʼa languages|Kxʼa]], and [[Tuu languages|Tuu]] families <br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Tswana language|Tswana]]{{•}} [[Kgalagadi language|Kgalagadi]]{{•}} [[Afrikaans]]{{•}} [[English language|English]]{{•}}[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]|pop50=1,200|region50={{flag|Zimbabwe}}|pop40=ca. 16,000|region40={{flag|Angola}}|pop30=ca. 7,000|region30={{flag|South Africa}}|pop20=63,500|region20={{flag|Botswana}}|pop11=71,201 (2023 census)<ref name="Census2023"/>|region11={{flag|Namibia}}|population=ca. 160,000}} Batho ba letso la masarwa, kgotsa Batho ba ko sekgweng, ke maloko a ditso dipe tsa tlholego tsa batsomi-baphuthi ba Aforika e e kwa borwa, le ditso tsa bogologolo tse di setseng tsa kgaolo.<ref>"[https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/foragers-first-peoples-kalahari-san-today Foragers to First Peoples: The Kalahari San Today | Cultural Survival]". ''www.culturalsurvival.org''. 28 April 2010. Retrieved 30 March 2024.</ref>[a] Ditlhaloso dingwe tsa tshekatsheko ya dijini di akantsha gore ba ne ba farologana le batho ba bangwe go tloga ka dingwaga di le 100 go ya go 220,000 tse di fetileng.<ref /> Dikgaolo tsa bone tsa bosheng tsa bagologolwane di akaretsa [[Botswana]], [[Namibia]], [[Angola]], [[:en:Zambia|Zambia]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Lesotho]],[3] le [[Aforika Borwa]]. Ba-Sarwa ba bua, kgotsa bagologolwane ba bone ba ne ba bua, dipuo tsa malapa a dipuo tsa [[:en:Khoe_languages|Khoe]], [[:en:Tuu_languages|Tuu]], le [[:en:Kxʼa_languages|Kxʼa]], mme di ka tlhalosiwa jaaka batho fela ka go farologana le badisa ba ba bapileng jaaka Ba-[[:en:Khoekhoe|Khoekhoe]] le ditlogolwana tsa makhubu a bosheng a bofaladi jaaka [[:en:Bantu_peoples|Ba-Bantu]], [[:en:Europeans|Bayuropa]], le [[:en:Indian_subcontinent|Ba-Asia Borwa.]] Ka ngwaga wa 2017, lefatshe la Botswana e ne e le legae la Basarwa ba ka nna dikete tse masome a marataro le boraro le makgolo a a matlhano, mme se sa dira gore e nne lefatshe le le nang le palo e e kwa godimo ya Basarwa ka karolo ya bobedi ntlha ya borobabobedi mo lekgolong.<ref>Hitchcock, Robert K.; Sapignoli, Maria (8 May 2019). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335022800 The economic wellbeing of the San of the western, central and eastern Kalahari regions of Botswana"]. In Fleming, Christopher; Manning, Matthew (eds.). ''Routledge Handbook of Indigenous Wellbeing'' (1st&#x20;ed.). [[:en:Routledge|Routledge]]. pp.&#x20;170–183. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781138909175|9781138909175]]</bdi> &#x2013; via [[:en:ResearchGate|ResearchGate.]]</ref>Batho ba Basarwa ba le dikete di le masome a supa le bongwe le makgolo mabedi le bongwe ba ne ba balelwa kwa lefatshe la Namibia ka ngwaga wa 2023, mme se se dira gore e nne lefatshe le le nang le karolo ya bobedi e e kwa godimo ya batho ba ba Basarwa ka karolo ya bobedi ntlha nne mo lekgolong<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20241110234059/https://census.nsanamibia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2023-Population-and-Housing-Census-Main-Report-28-Oct-2024.pdf Namibia 2023 Population and Housing Census Main Report]" (PDF). Namibia Statistics Agency. Archived from [https://census.nsanamibia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2023-Population-and-Housing-Census-Main-Report-28-Oct-2024.pdf the original] (PDF) on 10 November 2024. Retrieved 30 October 2024.</ref> Basarwa ke lereo la Khoekhoe le le nyatsang le le neng la amogelwa ke baithuta-loago ba Bophirima; baemedi ba merafe ya basarwa ba boletse gore ba rata go bidiwa merafe ya bone ka go farologana ka ngwaga wa 2003. == Tlhaloso == [[Setshwantsho:KhoisanLanguagesModernDistribution.png|thumb|Setshwantso sa kabo ya segompieno ya dipuo tsa "Khoisan". Dikgaolo tse di nang le moriti wa botala jwa loapi le botala, mme tse di kwa botlhaba jwa tsone, ke tsa batho ba Basarwa.]] Basarwa kgotsa Ba-Bushmen ke batho ba borwa jwa Afrika ba ka setso ba neng ba tshela botshelo jwa [[:en:Hunter-gatherer|go tsoma]] [[:en:Hunter-gatherer|le go kokoanya]] mme ba ne ba bua dipuo tse e seng tsa Bantu ka [[:en:Click_consonants|ditumammogo tsa click]] (ka jalo go sa akarediwe Ba-Twa, Ba-Kwisi le Ba-Cimba, mme gape le Ba-Kwadi le Ba-Damara). Ba ba akaretsa babui ba malapa a le mararo a a farologaneng a dipuo ba ba nnang fa gare ga [[:en:Okavango_River|Noka ya Okavango]] kwa lefatsheng la Botswana le lefelo la [[:en:Etosha_National_Park|Bosetšhaba ya Etosha]] kwa bokonebophirima jwa lefatshe la Namibia, e e atologelang kwa godimo go ya kwa borwa jwa lefatshe la Angola; batho ba bogare ba bontsi jwa mafatshe a Namibia le Botswana, go atologela kwa mafatsheng a Zambia le [[:en:Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]; le batho ba borwa kwa bogareng jwa Kalahari go ya kwa [[:en:Molopo_River|Nokeng ya Molopo]], ba mmogo le Khoekhoe e leng masalela a bofelo a batho ba tlholego ba ba neng ba le bantsi pele ba borwa jwa Aforika.<ref name=":1">Barnard, Alan (2007). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=e3MihaaJ314C Anthropology and the Bushman]''. Oxford: Berg. pp.&#x20;4–7. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781847883308|9781847883308]]</bdi>.</ref> == Maina == Maina a "Bushmen" le "San" ka bobedi ke mafoko a a farologaneng. Basarwa ga ba na lefoko le le kopanetsweng la bona ka dipuo tsa bona. "San" e tswa mo lefokong le le nyatsang la [[:en:Khoekhoe|Khoekhoe]] le le dirisiwang go kaya batho ba ba batlang dijo ba ba senang dikgomo kgotsa khumo e nngwe, go tswa mo moding saa "go tsaya mo mmung" le bontsi -n mo [[:en:Haiǁom_dialect|puong ya Haiǁom]].[<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140318092420/http://evan.oribi.cc:50080/index.php?option=com_rokdownloads&view=file&task=download&id=19%3Awimsa-annual-report-04-05&Itemid=79 WIMSA Annual Report 2004-05]". WIMSA. p.&#x20;58. Archived from [http://evan.oribi.cc:50080/index.php?option=com_rokdownloads&view=file&task=download&id=19%3Awimsa-annual-report-04-05&Itemid=79 the original] on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014. <q>the term 'San' comes from the Haiǁom language and has been abbreviated in the following way ... Saa – Picking things up (food) from the ground (i.e. 'gathering'), Saab – A male person gathering, Saas – A female person gathering, Saan – Many people gathering, San – One way to write 'all of the people gathering'</q></ref><ref>"The old Dutch also did not know that their so-called Hottentots formed only one branch of a wide-spread race, of which the other branch divided into ever so many tribes, differing from each other totally in language [...] While the so-called Hottentots called themselves Khoikhoi (men of men, ''i.e.'' men ''par excellence''), they called those other tribes ''Sā'', the Sonqua of the Cape Records [...] We should apply the term ''Hottentot'' to the whole race, and call the two families, each by the native name, that is the one, the ''Khoikhoi'', the so-called ''Hottentot proper''; the other the ''San'' (''Sā'') or ''Bushmen''." – Theophilus Hahn, ''Tsuni-ǁGoam: The Supreme Being to the Khoi-Khoi'' (1881), p. 3.</ref> "Bushmen" ke lereo la bogologolo la khabara, fela "San" e ne ya amogelwa thata kwa Bophirima kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990. Lereo Bushmen, go tswa mo Dutch Bosjesmans ya ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le bosupa, le santse le dirisiwa ke ba bangwe le go itshupa, fela jaanong le tsewa e le le nyatsang kgotsa le nyatsa ke Maaforika Borwa a le mantsi.<ref>Guenther, Mathias (2006). "Contemporary Bushman Art, Identity Politics, and the Primitivism Discourse". In Solway, Jacqueline (ed.). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ovykFTcuPLMC The Politics of Egalitarianism: Theory and Practice]''. New York: [[:en:Berghahn_Books|Berghahn Books]]. pp.&#x20;181–182. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781845451158|9781845451158]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Britten, Sarah (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=vARidvH3b18C ''McBride of Frankenmanto: The Return of the South African Insult''.] Johannesburg: 30° South. pp.&#x20;18–19. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781920143183|9781920143183]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Adhikari, Mohamed (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=qLw8KzRbRdQC Not White Enough, Not Black Enough: Racial Identity in the South African Coloured Community]''. Ohio University Press. p.&#x20;28. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781920143183|9780896804425]]</bdi>.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2008, tiriso ya boesman (se e leng se [[:en:Afrikaans|Afrikaans]] sa segompieno se se lekanang le "Bushman") mo pampiring ya dikgang ya [[:en:Die_Burger|''Die Burger'']] e ne ya tlisiwa fa pele ga [[:en:Promotion_of_Equality_and_Prevention_of_Unfair_Discrimination_Act,_2000|Kgotlatshekelo ya Tekatekano]]. Lekgotla la Basarwa le ne la neela bosupi jwa gore ga le na kganetso le tiriso ya yone mo maemong a a siameng, mme kgotlatshekelo e ne ya atlhola gore tiriso ya lereo le e ne e se ya lenyatso.<ref>[http://mg.co.za/article/2008-04-11-use-of-the-word-boesman-not-hate-speech-court-finds "Use of the word 'boesman' not hate speech, court finds]". [[:en:Mail_&_Guardian|Mail & Guardian]]. 11 April 2008. Schroeder, Fatima (14 April 2008). [http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/court-use-of-boesman-not-hate-speech-1.396406#.UtJP9NIW2yg "Court: Use of 'boesman' not hate speech"]. IOL."Objectively speaking and taking into account the context in which (Die Burger) published the word 'boesman' and the evidence of the San Council witness, I find that the usage of the word did not cause harm, hostility or hatred. Instead, the San Council's representative was adamant that no hurt or harm was caused to them or the San community with the manner in which (Die Burger) published the word 'boesman'."</ref> Basarwa ba ipitsa merafe ya bona ka bongwe, jaaka [[:en:ǃKung_people|ǃkung]] (e gape e kwalwang ''ǃxuun'', go akaretsa le [[:en:Juǀʼhoansi|Juǀʼhoansi]]), [[:en:ǀXam_language|ǀxam]], [[:en:Nǁng_language|Nǁnǂe]] (karolo ya ǂKhomani), [[:en:Khwe_language|Kxoe]] (Khwe le ǁAni), [[:en:Haiǁom|Haiǁom]], [[:en:Ncoakhoe|Ncoakhoe]], [[:en:Tshwa_language|Tshuwau]], [[:en:Gǁana_language|Gǁana le Gǁwau]], jalo jalo.<ref>Lee, Richard B. and Daly, Richard Heywood (1999) ''The Cambridge Encyclopedia of -Hunters and Gatherers'', Cambridge University Press, [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/052157109X|052157109X]]</bdi></ref><ref>Smith, Andrew Brown (2000). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2YnZU4NCv3IC The Bushmen of Southern Africa: A Foraging Society in Transition]''. Cape Town: New Africa Books. p.&#x20;2. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780864864192|9780864864192]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Ouzman, Sven (2004). "Silencing and Sharing Southern Africa Indigenous and Embedded Knowledge". In Smith, Claire; Wobst, H. Martin (eds.). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=MylyVq_dMoIC Indigenous Archaeologies: Decolonizing Theory and Practice]''. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. p.&#x20;209. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781134391554|9781134391554]]</bdi>.</ref><ref name=":2">"[http://mg.co.za/article/2007-09-05-san-bushmen-or-basarwa-whats-in-a-name San, Bushmen or Basarwa: What's in a name]?". ''[[:en:Mail_&_Guardian|Mail & Guardian]]''. 5 September 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120117025938/http://mg.co.za/article/2007-09-05-san-bushmen-or-basarwa-whats-in-a-name Archived] from the original on 17 January 2012.</ref><ref>Coan, Stephen (28 July 2010). "[http://www.witness.co.za/index.php?showcontent&global%5B_id%5D=44782 The first people]". ''The Witness''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131014184714/http://www.witness.co.za/index.php?showcontent&global%5B_id%5D=44782 Archived] from the original on 14 October 2013.</ref> Baemedi ba batho ba ba basarwa ka ngwaga wa 2003 ba boletse gore ba rata tiriso ya maina a setlhopha ka bongwe, fa go kgonega, go na le tiriso ya lereo le le kopanetsweng la ''Basarwa''.<ref>Statement by delegates of the Working Group of Indigenous Minorities in Southern Africa (WIMSA) and the South African San Institute attending the 2003 Africa Human Genome Initiative conference held in Stellenbosch. Schlebusch, Carina (25 March 2010). "[[doi:10.1038/464487a|Issues raised by use of ethnic-group names in genome study]]". ''[[:en:Nature_(journal)|Nature]]''. '''464''' (7288): 487. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Natur.464..487S 2010Natur.464..487S]. doi:[[doi:10.1038/464487a|10.1038/464487a]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20336115 20336115] </ref> Go amogelwa ga lereo la Khoekhoe la ''Basarwa'' mo thutong ya setho ya Bophirima go simolotse ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970, mme le le sa ntse le le lereo le le tlwaelesegileng mo dikwalong tsa setso tsa puo ya Seesemane, le fa moragonyana bakwadi bangwe ba ne ba boela kwa go diriseng leina la Bushmen.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Sailer, Steve (20 June 2002). "[http://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2002/06/20/Feature-Name-game-Inuit-or-Eskimo/UPI-43191024597290/ Feature: Name game – 'Inuit' or 'Eskimo]'?". UPI. "The fashion of renaming the Bushmen of Southwestern Africa as the 'San' exemplifies many of the problems with the name game. University of Utah anthropologist [[:en:Henry_Harpending|Henry Harpending]], who has lived with the famous tongue-clicking hunter-gatherers said, 'In the 1970s the name "San" spread in Europe and America because it seemed to be politically correct, while 'Bushmen' sounded derogatory and sexist.' Unfortunately, the hunter-gatherers never actually had a collective name for themselves in any of their own languages. 'San' was actually the insulting word that the herding Khoi people called the Bushmen. [...] Harpending noted, 'The problem was that in the Kalahari, "San" has all the baggage that the "N-word" has in America. Bushmen kids are graduating from school, reading the academic literature, and are outraged that we call them "San." [...] one did not call someone a San to his face. I continued to use Bushman, and I was publicly corrected several times by the righteous. It quickly became a badge among Western academics: If you say "San" and I say "San," then we signal each other that we are on the fashionable side, politically. It had nothing to do with respect. I think most politically correct talk follows these dynamics.'"</ref> Motswako wa batho ba [[:en:Khoisan|''Khoisan'']] o dirisiwa go kaya Khoi ya modisa le San e e batlang dijo mmogo. E tlhamilwe ke Leonhard Schulze ka dingwaga tsa bo 1920 mme ya tumisiwa ke [[:en:Isaac_Schapera|Isaac Schapera]] ka ngwaga wa 1930. Tiriso ya San mo thutong ya setho e ne ya kgaoganngwa le motswako wa ''Khoisan'',<ref>"Schapera is the author of the convenient term Khoisan, compounded of the Hottentot's name for themselves (Khoi) and their name for the Bushmen (San)." [[:en:Joseph_Greenberg|Joseph Greenberg]], ''[[:en:The_Languages_of_Africa|The Languages of Africa]]'' (1963), p. 66.</ref> ka gonne go begilwe gore leina la ''San'' le tsewa jaaka go nyatsa mo dikarolong tsa Kalahari bogare<ref>Mountain, Alan (2003). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nR2d1iJo6_UC First People of the Cape]''. Claremont: New Africa Books. pp.&#x20;23–24. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780864866233|9780864866233]]</bdi>.</ref>. Kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990, lereo ''San'' le ne le dirisiwa ka kakaretso ke batho ba teng ka bobone.<ref>Lee, Richard B. (2012). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kRAKAAAAQBAJ The Dobe Ju/'Hoansi]'' (Fourth&#x20;ed.). [[:en:Cengage_Learning|Cengage Learning]]. p.&#x20;9. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781133713531|9781133713531]]</bdi>.</ref> Go amogelwa ga lereo go ne ga etelwa pele ke dikopano di le mmalwa tse di neng di tshwerwe ka dingwaga tsa bo 1990 kwa baemedi ba ba neng ba ngangisana ka go amogelwa ga lereo le le kopanetsweng.<ref>"[http://www.khwattu.org/engage/general-questions/?id=43 General Questions]". ''ǃKhwa ttu – San Education and Culture Centre''. Retrieved 12 January 2014.</ref><ref>Dieckmann, Ute (2007). "Shifting Identities". ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=7ePQlF_x4vYC Haiom in the Etosha region: A History of Colonial Settlement, Ethnicity and Nature Conservation]''. Basel: Basler Afrika Bibliographien. pp.&#x20;300–302. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9783905758009|9783905758009]]</bdi>.</ref> Dikopano tse di ne di akaretsa Bokopano jwa Phitlhelelo e e Tlwaelegileng ya Tlhabololo e e neng e rulagantswe ke [[:en:Politics_of_Botswana|Puso ya lefatshe la Botswana]] e e neng e tshwaretswe kwa toropong ya [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]] ka ngwaga wa 1993,<ref name=":2" /> Kopano ya kakaretso ya ntlha ya Ngwaga le Ngwaga ya Setlhopha sa Tiro sa Batho ba ba Tlholegileng mo Borwa jwa Aforika (WIMSA) e e neng e tshwaretswe kwa lefatsheng la Namibia le bokopano jwa ngwaga wa 1997 kwa toropong ya [[:en:Cape_Town|Cape Town]] e bua ka. "Boitshupo jwa Khoisan le Boswa jwa Setso" jo bo rulagantsweng ke [[:en:University_of_the_Western_Cape|Mmadikolo wa Western Cape]].<ref>Hitchcock, Robert K.; Biesele, Megan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200802215202/http://www.khoisanpeoples.org/indepth/ind-identity.htm "San, Khwe, Basarwa, or Bushmen? Terminology, Identity, and Empowerment in Southern Africa"]. ''Kalahari Peoples Fund''. Archived from [http://www.khoisanpeoples.org/indepth/ind-identity.htm the original] on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2014.</ref> Lereo ''San'' jaanong ke tlwaelo mo lefatsheng la Aforikaborwa, mme le dirisiwa semmuso mo blazon ya [[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa|sekano sa bosetšhaba]]. "Lekgotla la Ba-San la lefatshe la Aforikaborwa" le le emetseng merafe ya Basarwa mo lefatsheng la Aforikaborwa le tlhomilwe jaaka karolo ya WIMSA ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>Marshall, Leon (16 April 2003). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030418003427/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/04/0416_030416_san1.html Africa's Bushmen May Get Rich From Diet-Drug Secret]". ''National Geographic News''. Archived from [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/04/0416_030416_san1.html the original] on 18 April 2003.</ref><ref>[[:en:Rachel_Wynberg|Wynberg, Rachel]]; Chennells, Roger (2009). "Green Diamonds of the South: An Overview of the San-Hoodia Case". ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=1yrvafKoV2UC Indigenous Peoples, Consent and Benefit Sharing Lessons from the San-Hoodia case]''. Dordrecht: Springer. p.&#x20;102. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9789048131235|9789048131235]]</bdi>.</ref> Lereo ''Basarwa'' (bongwe Mosarwa) le dirisediwa ke basarwa mmogo mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref>Suzman, James (2001). ''[http://www.lac.org.na/projects/lead/Pdf/sanintro.pdf Regional Assessment of the Status of the San in Southern Africa]'' (PDF). Windhoek: Legal Assistance Centre. pp.&#x20;3–4. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/99916-765-3-8|<bdi>99916-765-3-8</bdi>.]]</ref><ref>Marshall, Leon (16 April 2003). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030418002510/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/04/0416_030416_san2.html Bushmen Driven From Ancestral Lands in Botswana"]. ''National Geographic News''. Archived from [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/04/0416_030416_san2.html the original] on 18 April 2003.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20060409191312/http://www.gov.bw/basarwa/background.html Basarwa Relocation – Introduction]". Government of Botswana. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/basarwa/background.html the original] on 9 April 2006.</ref> Ditlhongwa tsa [[:en:Tswana_language#Nouns|setlhopha sa]] [[:en:Tswana_language#Nouns|leina]] sa mo-/ba- di dirisiwa mo bathong; mofuta wa bogologolo wa ''Masarwa'', o o nang le ditlhongwa tsa ''le-/ma-'' tse di dirisiwang mo bathong le mo diphologolong tse di sa itsegeng, o a kgopisa mme o ne wa fetolwa ka nako ya boipuso.[<ref name=":3">Hitchcock, Robert K.; Biesele, Megan. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20200802215202/http://www.khoisanpeoples.org/indepth/ind-identity.htm San, Khwe, Basarwa, or Bushmen? Terminology, Identity, and Empowerment in Southern Africa]". ''Kalahari Peoples Fund''. Archived from [http://www.khoisanpeoples.org/indepth/ind-identity.htm the original] on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2014.</ref><ref>Bennett, Bruce. "[http://www.thuto.org/ubh/bw/plnam.htm Botswana historical place names and terminology]". ''Thuto.org''. [[:en:University_of_Botswana|University of Botswana]] History Department. Retrieved 12 January 2014.</ref> Kwa lefatsheng la Angola, ka dinako tse dingwe ba bidiwa ''mucancalas'',<ref>''[http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/140/1403765149.pdf ZOONIMIA HISTÓRICO-COMPARATIVA BANTU: Os Cinco Grandes Herbívoros Africanos]'' (PDF) (in Portuguese), Utrecht, Netherlands: Rhino Resource Center, 2013, retrieved 19 February 2016</ref> kgotsa ''bosquímanos'' (phetolelo ya [[:en:Portuguese_language|Sepotokisi]] ya lereo la [[:en:Dutch_language|Sedatšhe]] le le kayang "Ba-Bushmen"). Mareo ''Amasili'' le [[:en:Twa|Batwa]] ka dinako tse dingwe a dirisiwa mo go bone kwa lefatsheng la Zimbabwe.<ref name=":3" /> Basarwa gape ba bidiwa ''Batwa'' ke [[:en:Xhosa_people|batho ba]] [[:en:Xhosa_people|ba Xhosa]] le ''Baroa'' ke [[:en:Sotho_people|batho ba Sotho]].<ref>Moran, Shane (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=mz1sSYP4g7MC Representing Bushmen: South Africa and the Origin of Language]''. Rochester, NY: [[:en:University_of_Rochester_Press|University of Rochester Press]]. p.&#x20;3. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781580462945|9781580462945]]</bdi>.</ref> Lereo la Bantu Batwa le kaya batho ba merafe epe fela e e batlang dijo mme ka jalo le kopana le mareo a a dirisiwang go "[[:en:Pygmyism|Pygmoid]]" [[:en:Southern_Twa|Twa ya Borwa]] ya Aforika Borwa-Bogare. [[File:San tribesman.jpg|300px|right]] '''Basarwa''' ke batho ba [[Botswana]]. Basarwa ke bone batho ba ntlha go nna mo Botswana. Batswana ba ne be goroga mo Botswana dingwaga tse di ntsi tse di fetileng. Ba ne ba tseela Basarwa lefatshe, ba bo ba dira gore Basarwa ba tshabele ko sekakeng. Ke ka moo gompieno Basarwa ba nnang ko sekakeng le ko merakeng. ===Ditso tsa pele=== [[Image:San-Paintings Murewa ZW.jpg|thumb|300px|1000- to 2000-year-old San-paintings near [[Murewa]] [[Zimbabwe]] ]] Tshekatsheko ya ditso e supa fa bangwe ba letso la basarwa ba sale ba nnile mo sekakeng sa kgaolo ya kgalagadi.Mme bontsi ja letso la Basarwa mo kgaolong ya borwa jwa [[Aferika]] ba ne ba patelediwa go nna mo kgaolong eo. Basarwa ba kalahari ba nnile mo lehumeng fa bahumi ba ba nnang go bapa le bone ba ba rontshitse ditshwanelo tsa go nna le lehatshe.Morago ga nako ee sa fedising pelo Botswana ga mmogo le [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia Namibia], ba ne ba fithela bonno jwa bone bo fokoditswe mo go fiteletseng.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110618001626/http://www.theartofafrica.co.za/serv/moderntimes.jsp The modern day Bushmen / San]. Art of Africa. Retrieved on 2012-01-29.</ref> ===Basarwa ba Kalahari=== Basarwa ke batho ba thata e itsiweng ele batsomi. Go nneng ga matlong a a sa akaegeng, Basarwa ba tshedile ka go tsoma diphologolo le go bapala diphologolo tsa naga.Bontsi jwa batho mo borwa jwa Afreka ba ne ba itsesiwe ngwao ya Basarwa ga mmogo le teme ya bone go dirisa setshwantsho sa motshikenyego.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://goafrica.about.com/library/bl.san.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-03-30 |archive-date=2012-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428203334/http://goafrica.about.com/library/bl.san.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Kgotla kgolo ya ditsheko== [[Setshwantsho:Bushmen hunters (cropped).png|thumb|Basarwa ba tsoma]] Ka kgwedi ya ferikgong a thola masome a mabedi le bosupa ngogola ,Basarwa ba ne ba fenya tsheko kgathanong le puso mo Botswana ko kgotla kgolo ya ditshekelo morago ga go kganelwa go amana le metsi a a nowang mo di dibeng tse di kwa ba nnang teng.Barrister Gordon Bennett e ne e le moemedi wa basarwa ko tshekong jaaka fa baathodi ba supa fa puso ya Botswana e le molato go fa thuso ee sa nametseng.Gangwe le gape, puso ya Botswana e ne bolelelwa gore e duele dituelo tsa go tsenelela tsheko ga Basarwa. ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Botswana]] he1jhm2vkdcaf2o4ow5klwri23v46e9 52801 52798 2026-07-20T10:00:30Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52801 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:San_peoples|Basarwa]]''' [[:en:San_peoples|- Wikipedia]] {{Infobox Ethnic group|group=basarwa|image=[[File:Namibian Bushmen Girls.JPG|frameless|upright=1.5]]|image_caption=[[ǃKung people|ǃKung]] children in [[Namibia]]|related_groups=[[Khoekhoe]], [[Griqua people|Griqua]], [[Basters]], [[Coloureds]]|religions=[[San religion]], [[Christianity in Africa|Christianity]]|languages='''Native'''<br/>Languages of the [[Khoe languages|Khoe]], [[Kxʼa languages|Kxʼa]], and [[Tuu languages|Tuu]] families <br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Tswana language|Tswana]]{{•}} [[Kgalagadi language|Kgalagadi]]{{•}} [[Afrikaans]]{{•}} [[English language|English]]{{•}}[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]|pop50=1,200|region50={{flag|Zimbabwe}}|pop40=ca. 16,000|region40={{flag|Angola}}|pop30=ca. 7,000|region30={{flag|South Africa}}|pop20=63,500|region20={{flag|Botswana}}|pop11=71,201 (2023 census)<ref name="Census2023"/>|region11={{flag|Namibia}}|population=ca. 160,000}} Batho ba letso la masarwa, kgotsa Batho ba ko sekgweng, ke maloko a ditso dipe tsa tlholego tsa batsomi-baphuthi ba Aforika e e kwa borwa, le ditso tsa bogologolo tse di setseng tsa kgaolo.<ref>"[https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/foragers-first-peoples-kalahari-san-today Foragers to First Peoples: The Kalahari San Today | Cultural Survival]". ''www.culturalsurvival.org''. 28 April 2010. Retrieved 30 March 2024.</ref>[a] Ditlhaloso dingwe tsa tshekatsheko ya dijini di akantsha gore ba ne ba farologana le batho ba bangwe go tloga ka dingwaga di le 100 go ya go 220,000 tse di fetileng.<ref /> Dikgaolo tsa bone tsa bosheng tsa bagologolwane di akaretsa [[Botswana]], [[Namibia]], [[Angola]], [[:en:Zambia|Zambia]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Lesotho]],[3] le [[Aforika Borwa]]. Ba-Sarwa ba bua, kgotsa bagologolwane ba bone ba ne ba bua, dipuo tsa malapa a dipuo tsa [[:en:Khoe_languages|Khoe]], [[:en:Tuu_languages|Tuu]], le [[:en:Kxʼa_languages|Kxʼa]], mme di ka tlhalosiwa jaaka batho fela ka go farologana le badisa ba ba bapileng jaaka Ba-[[:en:Khoekhoe|Khoekhoe]] le ditlogolwana tsa makhubu a bosheng a bofaladi jaaka [[:en:Bantu_peoples|Ba-Bantu]], [[:en:Europeans|Bayuropa]], le [[:en:Indian_subcontinent|Ba-Asia Borwa.]] Ka ngwaga wa 2017, lefatshe la Botswana e ne e le legae la Basarwa ba ka nna dikete tse masome a marataro le boraro le makgolo a a matlhano, mme se sa dira gore e nne lefatshe le le nang le palo e e kwa godimo ya Basarwa ka karolo ya bobedi ntlha ya borobabobedi mo lekgolong.<ref>Hitchcock, Robert K.; Sapignoli, Maria (8 May 2019). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335022800 The economic wellbeing of the San of the western, central and eastern Kalahari regions of Botswana"]. In Fleming, Christopher; Manning, Matthew (eds.). ''Routledge Handbook of Indigenous Wellbeing'' (1st&#x20;ed.). [[:en:Routledge|Routledge]]. pp.&#x20;170–183. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781138909175|9781138909175]]</bdi> &#x2013; via [[:en:ResearchGate|ResearchGate.]]</ref>Batho ba Basarwa ba le dikete di le masome a supa le bongwe le makgolo mabedi le bongwe ba ne ba balelwa kwa lefatshe la Namibia ka ngwaga wa 2023, mme se se dira gore e nne lefatshe le le nang le karolo ya bobedi e e kwa godimo ya batho ba ba Basarwa ka karolo ya bobedi ntlha nne mo lekgolong<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20241110234059/https://census.nsanamibia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2023-Population-and-Housing-Census-Main-Report-28-Oct-2024.pdf Namibia 2023 Population and Housing Census Main Report]" (PDF). Namibia Statistics Agency. Archived from [https://census.nsanamibia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2023-Population-and-Housing-Census-Main-Report-28-Oct-2024.pdf the original] (PDF) on 10 November 2024. Retrieved 30 October 2024.</ref> Basarwa ke lereo la Khoekhoe le le nyatsang le le neng la amogelwa ke baithuta-loago ba Bophirima; baemedi ba merafe ya basarwa ba boletse gore ba rata go bidiwa merafe ya bone ka go farologana ka ngwaga wa 2003. == Tlhaloso == [[Setshwantsho:KhoisanLanguagesModernDistribution.png|thumb|Setshwantso sa kabo ya segompieno ya dipuo tsa "Khoisan". Dikgaolo tse di nang le moriti wa botala jwa loapi le botala, mme tse di kwa botlhaba jwa tsone, ke tsa batho ba Basarwa.]] Basarwa kgotsa Ba-Bushmen ke batho ba borwa jwa Afrika ba ka setso ba neng ba tshela botshelo jwa [[:en:Hunter-gatherer|go tsoma]] [[:en:Hunter-gatherer|le go kokoanya]] mme ba ne ba bua dipuo tse e seng tsa Bantu ka [[:en:Click_consonants|ditumammogo tsa click]] (ka jalo go sa akarediwe Ba-Twa, Ba-Kwisi le Ba-Cimba, mme gape le Ba-Kwadi le Ba-Damara). Ba ba akaretsa babui ba malapa a le mararo a a farologaneng a dipuo ba ba nnang fa gare ga [[:en:Okavango_River|Noka ya Okavango]] kwa lefatsheng la Botswana le lefelo la [[:en:Etosha_National_Park|Bosetšhaba ya Etosha]] kwa bokonebophirima jwa lefatshe la Namibia, e e atologelang kwa godimo go ya kwa borwa jwa lefatshe la Angola; batho ba bogare ba bontsi jwa mafatshe a Namibia le Botswana, go atologela kwa mafatsheng a Zambia le [[:en:Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]; le batho ba borwa kwa bogareng jwa Kalahari go ya kwa [[:en:Molopo_River|Nokeng ya Molopo]], ba mmogo le Khoekhoe e leng masalela a bofelo a batho ba tlholego ba ba neng ba le bantsi pele ba borwa jwa Aforika.<ref name=":1">Barnard, Alan (2007). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=e3MihaaJ314C Anthropology and the Bushman]''. Oxford: Berg. pp.&#x20;4–7. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781847883308|9781847883308]]</bdi>.</ref> == Maina == Maina a "Bushmen" le "San" ka bobedi ke mafoko a a farologaneng. Basarwa ga ba na lefoko le le kopanetsweng la bona ka dipuo tsa bona. "San" e tswa mo lefokong le le nyatsang la [[:en:Khoekhoe|Khoekhoe]] le le dirisiwang go kaya batho ba ba batlang dijo ba ba senang dikgomo kgotsa khumo e nngwe, go tswa mo moding saa "go tsaya mo mmung" le bontsi -n mo [[:en:Haiǁom_dialect|puong ya Haiǁom]].[<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140318092420/http://evan.oribi.cc:50080/index.php?option=com_rokdownloads&view=file&task=download&id=19%3Awimsa-annual-report-04-05&Itemid=79 WIMSA Annual Report 2004-05]". WIMSA. p.&#x20;58. Archived from [http://evan.oribi.cc:50080/index.php?option=com_rokdownloads&view=file&task=download&id=19%3Awimsa-annual-report-04-05&Itemid=79 the original] on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014. <q>the term 'San' comes from the Haiǁom language and has been abbreviated in the following way ... Saa – Picking things up (food) from the ground (i.e. 'gathering'), Saab – A male person gathering, Saas – A female person gathering, Saan – Many people gathering, San – One way to write 'all of the people gathering'</q></ref><ref>"The old Dutch also did not know that their so-called Hottentots formed only one branch of a wide-spread race, of which the other branch divided into ever so many tribes, differing from each other totally in language [...] While the so-called Hottentots called themselves Khoikhoi (men of men, ''i.e.'' men ''par excellence''), they called those other tribes ''Sā'', the Sonqua of the Cape Records [...] We should apply the term ''Hottentot'' to the whole race, and call the two families, each by the native name, that is the one, the ''Khoikhoi'', the so-called ''Hottentot proper''; the other the ''San'' (''Sā'') or ''Bushmen''." – Theophilus Hahn, ''Tsuni-ǁGoam: The Supreme Being to the Khoi-Khoi'' (1881), p. 3.</ref> "Bushmen" ke lereo la bogologolo la khabara, fela "San" e ne ya amogelwa thata kwa Bophirima kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990. Lereo Bushmen, go tswa mo Dutch Bosjesmans ya ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le bosupa, le santse le dirisiwa ke ba bangwe le go itshupa, fela jaanong le tsewa e le le nyatsang kgotsa le nyatsa ke Maaforika Borwa a le mantsi.<ref>Guenther, Mathias (2006). "Contemporary Bushman Art, Identity Politics, and the Primitivism Discourse". In Solway, Jacqueline (ed.). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ovykFTcuPLMC The Politics of Egalitarianism: Theory and Practice]''. New York: [[:en:Berghahn_Books|Berghahn Books]]. pp.&#x20;181–182. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781845451158|9781845451158]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Britten, Sarah (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=vARidvH3b18C ''McBride of Frankenmanto: The Return of the South African Insult''.] Johannesburg: 30° South. pp.&#x20;18–19. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781920143183|9781920143183]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Adhikari, Mohamed (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=qLw8KzRbRdQC Not White Enough, Not Black Enough: Racial Identity in the South African Coloured Community]''. Ohio University Press. p.&#x20;28. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781920143183|9780896804425]]</bdi>.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2008, tiriso ya boesman (se e leng se [[:en:Afrikaans|Afrikaans]] sa segompieno se se lekanang le "Bushman") mo pampiring ya dikgang ya [[:en:Die_Burger|''Die Burger'']] e ne ya tlisiwa fa pele ga [[:en:Promotion_of_Equality_and_Prevention_of_Unfair_Discrimination_Act,_2000|Kgotlatshekelo ya Tekatekano]]. Lekgotla la Basarwa le ne la neela bosupi jwa gore ga le na kganetso le tiriso ya yone mo maemong a a siameng, mme kgotlatshekelo e ne ya atlhola gore tiriso ya lereo le e ne e se ya lenyatso.<ref>[http://mg.co.za/article/2008-04-11-use-of-the-word-boesman-not-hate-speech-court-finds "Use of the word 'boesman' not hate speech, court finds]". [[:en:Mail_&_Guardian|Mail & Guardian]]. 11 April 2008. Schroeder, Fatima (14 April 2008). [http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/court-use-of-boesman-not-hate-speech-1.396406#.UtJP9NIW2yg "Court: Use of 'boesman' not hate speech"]. IOL."Objectively speaking and taking into account the context in which (Die Burger) published the word 'boesman' and the evidence of the San Council witness, I find that the usage of the word did not cause harm, hostility or hatred. Instead, the San Council's representative was adamant that no hurt or harm was caused to them or the San community with the manner in which (Die Burger) published the word 'boesman'."</ref> Basarwa ba ipitsa merafe ya bona ka bongwe, jaaka [[:en:ǃKung_people|ǃkung]] (e gape e kwalwang ''ǃxuun'', go akaretsa le [[:en:Juǀʼhoansi|Juǀʼhoansi]]), [[:en:ǀXam_language|ǀxam]], [[:en:Nǁng_language|Nǁnǂe]] (karolo ya ǂKhomani), [[:en:Khwe_language|Kxoe]] (Khwe le ǁAni), [[:en:Haiǁom|Haiǁom]], [[:en:Ncoakhoe|Ncoakhoe]], [[:en:Tshwa_language|Tshuwau]], [[:en:Gǁana_language|Gǁana le Gǁwau]], jalo jalo.<ref>Lee, Richard B. and Daly, Richard Heywood (1999) ''The Cambridge Encyclopedia of -Hunters and Gatherers'', Cambridge University Press, [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/052157109X|052157109X]]</bdi></ref><ref>Smith, Andrew Brown (2000). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2YnZU4NCv3IC The Bushmen of Southern Africa: A Foraging Society in Transition]''. Cape Town: New Africa Books. p.&#x20;2. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780864864192|9780864864192]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Ouzman, Sven (2004). "Silencing and Sharing Southern Africa Indigenous and Embedded Knowledge". In Smith, Claire; Wobst, H. Martin (eds.). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=MylyVq_dMoIC Indigenous Archaeologies: Decolonizing Theory and Practice]''. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. p.&#x20;209. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781134391554|9781134391554]]</bdi>.</ref><ref name=":2">"[http://mg.co.za/article/2007-09-05-san-bushmen-or-basarwa-whats-in-a-name San, Bushmen or Basarwa: What's in a name]?". ''[[:en:Mail_&_Guardian|Mail & Guardian]]''. 5 September 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120117025938/http://mg.co.za/article/2007-09-05-san-bushmen-or-basarwa-whats-in-a-name Archived] from the original on 17 January 2012.</ref><ref>Coan, Stephen (28 July 2010). "[http://www.witness.co.za/index.php?showcontent&global%5B_id%5D=44782 The first people]". ''The Witness''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131014184714/http://www.witness.co.za/index.php?showcontent&global%5B_id%5D=44782 Archived] from the original on 14 October 2013.</ref> Baemedi ba batho ba ba basarwa ka ngwaga wa 2003 ba boletse gore ba rata tiriso ya maina a setlhopha ka bongwe, fa go kgonega, go na le tiriso ya lereo le le kopanetsweng la ''Basarwa''.<ref>Statement by delegates of the Working Group of Indigenous Minorities in Southern Africa (WIMSA) and the South African San Institute attending the 2003 Africa Human Genome Initiative conference held in Stellenbosch. Schlebusch, Carina (25 March 2010). "[[doi:10.1038/464487a|Issues raised by use of ethnic-group names in genome study]]". ''[[:en:Nature_(journal)|Nature]]''. '''464''' (7288): 487. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Natur.464..487S 2010Natur.464..487S]. doi:[[doi:10.1038/464487a|10.1038/464487a]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20336115 20336115] </ref> Go amogelwa ga lereo la Khoekhoe la ''Basarwa'' mo thutong ya setho ya Bophirima go simolotse ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970, mme le le sa ntse le le lereo le le tlwaelesegileng mo dikwalong tsa setso tsa puo ya Seesemane, le fa moragonyana bakwadi bangwe ba ne ba boela kwa go diriseng leina la Bushmen.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Sailer, Steve (20 June 2002). "[http://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2002/06/20/Feature-Name-game-Inuit-or-Eskimo/UPI-43191024597290/ Feature: Name game – 'Inuit' or 'Eskimo]'?". UPI. "The fashion of renaming the Bushmen of Southwestern Africa as the 'San' exemplifies many of the problems with the name game. University of Utah anthropologist [[:en:Henry_Harpending|Henry Harpending]], who has lived with the famous tongue-clicking hunter-gatherers said, 'In the 1970s the name "San" spread in Europe and America because it seemed to be politically correct, while 'Bushmen' sounded derogatory and sexist.' Unfortunately, the hunter-gatherers never actually had a collective name for themselves in any of their own languages. 'San' was actually the insulting word that the herding Khoi people called the Bushmen. [...] Harpending noted, 'The problem was that in the Kalahari, "San" has all the baggage that the "N-word" has in America. Bushmen kids are graduating from school, reading the academic literature, and are outraged that we call them "San." [...] one did not call someone a San to his face. I continued to use Bushman, and I was publicly corrected several times by the righteous. It quickly became a badge among Western academics: If you say "San" and I say "San," then we signal each other that we are on the fashionable side, politically. It had nothing to do with respect. I think most politically correct talk follows these dynamics.'"</ref> Motswako wa batho ba [[:en:Khoisan|''Khoisan'']] o dirisiwa go kaya Khoi ya modisa le San e e batlang dijo mmogo. E tlhamilwe ke Leonhard Schulze ka dingwaga tsa bo 1920 mme ya tumisiwa ke [[:en:Isaac_Schapera|Isaac Schapera]] ka ngwaga wa 1930. Tiriso ya San mo thutong ya setho e ne ya kgaoganngwa le motswako wa ''Khoisan'',<ref>"Schapera is the author of the convenient term Khoisan, compounded of the Hottentot's name for themselves (Khoi) and their name for the Bushmen (San)." [[:en:Joseph_Greenberg|Joseph Greenberg]], ''[[:en:The_Languages_of_Africa|The Languages of Africa]]'' (1963), p. 66.</ref> ka gonne go begilwe gore leina la ''San'' le tsewa jaaka go nyatsa mo dikarolong tsa Kalahari bogare<ref>Mountain, Alan (2003). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nR2d1iJo6_UC First People of the Cape]''. Claremont: New Africa Books. pp.&#x20;23–24. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780864866233|9780864866233]]</bdi>.</ref>. Kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990, lereo ''San'' le ne le dirisiwa ka kakaretso ke batho ba teng ka bobone.<ref>Lee, Richard B. (2012). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kRAKAAAAQBAJ The Dobe Ju/'Hoansi]'' (Fourth&#x20;ed.). [[:en:Cengage_Learning|Cengage Learning]]. p.&#x20;9. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781133713531|9781133713531]]</bdi>.</ref> Go amogelwa ga lereo go ne ga etelwa pele ke dikopano di le mmalwa tse di neng di tshwerwe ka dingwaga tsa bo 1990 kwa baemedi ba ba neng ba ngangisana ka go amogelwa ga lereo le le kopanetsweng.<ref>"[http://www.khwattu.org/engage/general-questions/?id=43 General Questions]". ''ǃKhwa ttu – San Education and Culture Centre''. Retrieved 12 January 2014.</ref><ref>Dieckmann, Ute (2007). "Shifting Identities". ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=7ePQlF_x4vYC Haiom in the Etosha region: A History of Colonial Settlement, Ethnicity and Nature Conservation]''. Basel: Basler Afrika Bibliographien. pp.&#x20;300–302. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9783905758009|9783905758009]]</bdi>.</ref> Dikopano tse di ne di akaretsa Bokopano jwa Phitlhelelo e e Tlwaelegileng ya Tlhabololo e e neng e rulagantswe ke [[:en:Politics_of_Botswana|Puso ya lefatshe la Botswana]] e e neng e tshwaretswe kwa toropong ya [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]] ka ngwaga wa 1993,<ref name=":2" /> Kopano ya kakaretso ya ntlha ya Ngwaga le Ngwaga ya Setlhopha sa Tiro sa Batho ba ba Tlholegileng mo Borwa jwa Aforika (WIMSA) e e neng e tshwaretswe kwa lefatsheng la Namibia le bokopano jwa ngwaga wa 1997 kwa toropong ya [[:en:Cape_Town|Cape Town]] e bua ka. "Boitshupo jwa Khoisan le Boswa jwa Setso" jo bo rulagantsweng ke [[:en:University_of_the_Western_Cape|Mmadikolo wa Western Cape]].<ref>Hitchcock, Robert K.; Biesele, Megan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200802215202/http://www.khoisanpeoples.org/indepth/ind-identity.htm "San, Khwe, Basarwa, or Bushmen? Terminology, Identity, and Empowerment in Southern Africa"]. ''Kalahari Peoples Fund''. Archived from [http://www.khoisanpeoples.org/indepth/ind-identity.htm the original] on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2014.</ref> Lereo ''San'' jaanong ke tlwaelo mo lefatsheng la Aforikaborwa, mme le dirisiwa semmuso mo blazon ya [[:en:Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa|sekano sa bosetšhaba]]. "Lekgotla la Ba-San la lefatshe la Aforikaborwa" le le emetseng merafe ya Basarwa mo lefatsheng la Aforikaborwa le tlhomilwe jaaka karolo ya WIMSA ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>Marshall, Leon (16 April 2003). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030418003427/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/04/0416_030416_san1.html Africa's Bushmen May Get Rich From Diet-Drug Secret]". ''National Geographic News''. Archived from [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/04/0416_030416_san1.html the original] on 18 April 2003.</ref><ref name=":4">[[:en:Rachel_Wynberg|Wynberg, Rachel]]; Chennells, Roger (2009). "Green Diamonds of the South: An Overview of the San-Hoodia Case". ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=1yrvafKoV2UC Indigenous Peoples, Consent and Benefit Sharing Lessons from the San-Hoodia case]''. Dordrecht: Springer. p.&#x20;102. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9789048131235|9789048131235]]</bdi>.</ref> Lereo ''Basarwa'' (bongwe Mosarwa) le dirisediwa ke basarwa mmogo mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref>Suzman, James (2001). ''[http://www.lac.org.na/projects/lead/Pdf/sanintro.pdf Regional Assessment of the Status of the San in Southern Africa]'' (PDF). Windhoek: Legal Assistance Centre. pp.&#x20;3–4. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/99916-765-3-8|<bdi>99916-765-3-8</bdi>.]]</ref><ref>Marshall, Leon (16 April 2003). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20030418002510/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/04/0416_030416_san2.html Bushmen Driven From Ancestral Lands in Botswana"]. ''National Geographic News''. Archived from [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/04/0416_030416_san2.html the original] on 18 April 2003.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20060409191312/http://www.gov.bw/basarwa/background.html Basarwa Relocation – Introduction]". Government of Botswana. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/basarwa/background.html the original] on 9 April 2006.</ref> Ditlhongwa tsa [[:en:Tswana_language#Nouns|setlhopha sa]] [[:en:Tswana_language#Nouns|leina]] sa mo-/ba- di dirisiwa mo bathong; mofuta wa bogologolo wa ''Masarwa'', o o nang le ditlhongwa tsa ''le-/ma-'' tse di dirisiwang mo bathong le mo diphologolong tse di sa itsegeng, o a kgopisa mme o ne wa fetolwa ka nako ya boipuso.[<ref name=":3">Hitchcock, Robert K.; Biesele, Megan. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20200802215202/http://www.khoisanpeoples.org/indepth/ind-identity.htm San, Khwe, Basarwa, or Bushmen? Terminology, Identity, and Empowerment in Southern Africa]". ''Kalahari Peoples Fund''. Archived from [http://www.khoisanpeoples.org/indepth/ind-identity.htm the original] on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2014.</ref><ref>Bennett, Bruce. "[http://www.thuto.org/ubh/bw/plnam.htm Botswana historical place names and terminology]". ''Thuto.org''. [[:en:University_of_Botswana|University of Botswana]] History Department. Retrieved 12 January 2014.</ref> Kwa lefatsheng la Angola, ka dinako tse dingwe ba bidiwa ''mucancalas'',<ref>''[http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/140/1403765149.pdf ZOONIMIA HISTÓRICO-COMPARATIVA BANTU: Os Cinco Grandes Herbívoros Africanos]'' (PDF) (in Portuguese), Utrecht, Netherlands: Rhino Resource Center, 2013, retrieved 19 February 2016</ref> kgotsa ''bosquímanos'' (phetolelo ya [[:en:Portuguese_language|Sepotokisi]] ya lereo la [[:en:Dutch_language|Sedatšhe]] le le kayang "Ba-Bushmen"). Mareo ''Amasili'' le [[:en:Twa|Batwa]] ka dinako tse dingwe a dirisiwa mo go bone kwa lefatsheng la Zimbabwe.<ref name=":3" /> Basarwa gape ba bidiwa ''Batwa'' ke [[:en:Xhosa_people|batho ba]] [[:en:Xhosa_people|ba Xhosa]] le ''Baroa'' ke [[:en:Sotho_people|batho ba Sotho]].<ref>Moran, Shane (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=mz1sSYP4g7MC Representing Bushmen: South Africa and the Origin of Language]''. Rochester, NY: [[:en:University_of_Rochester_Press|University of Rochester Press]]. p.&#x20;3. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781580462945|9781580462945]]</bdi>.</ref> Lereo la Bantu Batwa le kaya batho ba merafe epe fela e e batlang dijo mme ka jalo le kopana le mareo a a dirisiwang go "[[:en:Pygmyism|Pygmoid]]" [[:en:Southern_Twa|Twa ya Borwa]] ya Aforika Borwa-Bogare. == Ditso == === Ditlholego === Le fa go na le kganetsano nngwe mo gare ga bo ra maranyane ba loago, go na le tumalano ka kakaretso mo go boleleng gore merafe ya segompieno e e tlhalosiwang jaaka Basarwa e tswa mo merafeng ya bogologolo ya Neolithic ya borwa le botlhaba jwa Aforika. Dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse lesome tse di fetileng, ditlhopha tse tsa loago di ne tsa anama go tswa kwa mafatsheng a Tanzania, Zambia le Angola go ya kwa tlase kwa Cape Agulhas.<ref name=":5">Mellet, Patric Tariq (2020). ''The lie of 1652: a decolonised history of land'' (First&#x20;ed.). Cape Town, South Africa: Tafelberg, an imprint of NB Publishers. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-624-08970-4|<bdi>978-0-624-08970-4</bdi>.]]</ref><ref name=":4" /> Ka jalo, Basarwa ba ka tsewa jaaka bangwe ba ditso tsa bogologolo mo Lefatsheng.<ref>Anton, Donald K.; Shelton, Dinah L. (2011). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=F_dFYq4oFeYC&q=san+kalahari Environmental Protection and Human Rights]''. [[:en:Cambridge_University_Press|Cambridge University Press]]. p.&#x20;640. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-521-76638-8|<bdi>978-0-521-76638-8</bdi>.]]</ref> Batho ba ba amanang le kgotsa ba ba tshwanang le Basarwa ba ne ba nna mo mabopong a a kwa borwa go ralala naga yotlhe ya ditlhatshana ya botlhaba mme ba ka tswa ba bopile tsweletso ya [[:en:Sangoan|Sangoan]] go tswa kwa [[:en:Red_Sea|Lewatleng le Lehibidu]] go ya kwa [[:en:Cape_of_Good_Hope|Kapa ya Tsholofelo e e Molemo]].<ref>Smith, Malvern van Wyk (1 July 2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=wDZjDwAAQBAJ&q=Boskopoid The First Ethiopians: The image of Africa and Africans in the early Mediterranean world]''. [[:en:NYU_Press|NYU Press]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-86814-834-9|<bdi>978-1-86814-834-9</bdi>.]]</ref> Mo mileniamong wa ntlha B.C.E., Mellet o umaka ditlhopha tse pedi tse di neng di laola kwa Borwa jwa Afrika. Ya ntlha e ne e le Ba-Tshua San, ba ba neng ba aname go kgabaganya se ga jaana e leng mafatshe a Botswana, Zimbabwe le Zambia, mme ka togamaano ba ne ba nna mo lefelong la [[:en:Shashe_River|Shashe]]-[[:en:Limpopo_River|Limpopo]]. Setlhopha sa bobedi, se se neng se le kwa Bophirima o ko pele, e ne e le Ba-Khwe San, ba kgaolo ya bone e neng e akaretsa lefatshe la Botswana wa gompieno, lefatshe la Namibia,lefatshe la Angola le lefatshe la Zambia.<ref name=":5" /> Go nna teng ga Basarwa mo lefatshen la Botswana mo ditsong go bonala thata mo kgaolong ya Lentswe la Tsodilo kwa bokone jwa lefatshe la Botswana. Ditlhopha tse pedi di ne tsa dirisana le merafe e mengwe e e neng e nna mo lefelong leno mo diphudugong tsa bona tsa go fuduga go ya kwa borwa, go akaretsa ditlhopha dingwe tsa badisa ba bafaladi, ba moragonyana ba neng ba fetoga go nna Khoekhoe, gammogo le badisa-balemirui ka nako ya [[:en:Bantu_expansion|katoloso ya Bantu]] ngwaga wa dikete di le pedi Pele ga Baebele go fitlha ngwaga wa sekete se le sengwe Morago ga Baebele. Mo thulaganyong e, Basarwa ba ne ba lelekwa ka bontlhabongwe mo mafatsheng a bone a bagologolwane kgotsa ba akarediwa ke ditlhopha tse di buang Se-Bantu.<ref name=":6">Mlambo, A. S. (2014). ''[https://archive.org/details/historyofzimbabw0000mlam/mode/2up?view=theater A history of Zimbabwe]''. Internet Archive. New York, NY : Cambridge University Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-107-02170-9|<bdi>978-1-107-02170-9</bdi>.]]</ref> (go tswa kwa lekwalong la lesome le bongwe go ya kwa lesomeng le bobedi) Basarwa ba ne ba dumelwa fa ba na le kgolagano e e gaufi le meya ya bogologolo ya naga, mme gantsi ba ne ba retologela kwa go bona ke merafe e mengwe go dira pula, jaaka go ne go ntse kwa [[:en:Mapungubwe|Mapungubwe]]. [[:en:Shamanism|Dingaka]] tsa Basarwa di ne di tla tsena mo maibing mme di tsene mo lefatsheng la mewa ka botsone go tshwara diphologolo tse di amanang le pula.<ref>Chirikure, Shadreck; Delius, Peter; Esterhuysen, Amanda; Hall, Simon; Lekgoathi, Sekibakiba; Maulaudzi, Maanda; Neluvhalani, Vele; Ntsoane, Otsile; Pearce, David (1 October 2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=3pa7CgAAQBAJ&dq=kingdom+of+mapungubwe&pg=PT6 ''Mapungubwe Reconsidered: A Living Legacy: Exploring Beyond the Rise and Decline of the Mapungubwe State''.] Real African Publishers Pty Ltd. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-920655-06-8|<bdi>978-1-920655-06-8</bdi>.]]</ref> Ka jalo, Mellet o bolela gore Basarwa ba ka bo ba nnile le seabe mo metheong ya ntlha ya [[:en:Kingdom_of_Mapungubwe|Bogosi jwa Mapungubwe]] le go tsalwa morago ga moo ga mafatshe a [[:en:Thulamela|Thulamela]], [[:en:Great_Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe o]] [[:en:Great_Zimbabwe|mogolo]], [[:en:Mutapa_Empire|Mmusomogolo wa Mutapa]] le tse dingwe.<ref name=":5" />: (go tswa mo lekwalong la masome a mtlhano le bobedi go ya kwa lekwalong la masome a matlhano le bone) === Dinako tsa pele ga bokoloniale === [[Setshwantsho:Bushmen Hottentots armed for an expedition.png|thumb|Banna ba Sekgwa ba ba neng ba tlhometse go ya go tsaya loeto, ka ngwga wa 1804]] Ka ntlha ya mokgwa wa bone wa go itshidisa o o ikaegileng thata ka go tsoma le go batla dijo, Basarwa ba ne ba kgona go fuduga le go anama ka bonako go feta ditso tsa badisa kgotsa tsa balemirui, mme go dumelwa fa ba ne ba anama go ya kwa lefatsheng la Aforika Borwa ya gompieno, go akaretsa le lebopo la Borwa, pele ga batho ba [[:en:Khoekhoe_people|Khoe]] le [[:en:Bantu_peoples|Bantu]]. Go a kgonega gore ka dinako tse dingwe ba ne ba disa dinku tse dinnye.<ref name=":5" />:lekwalo la masome a marataro le boraro) Morago ga makgolo a borataro le masome a matlhano morago ga baebele, jaaka fa BaKhoe le BaXhosa ba ne ba fudugela kwa lefelong la [[:en:Eastern_Cape|Eastern Cape]] ya gompieno mme morago ga sekete morago ga baebele, kwa lefelong la [[:en:Western_Cape|Western Cape]], bontsi jwa Basarwa ba ne ba fuduga go tswa kwa mafelong a mannye a a fa lotshitshing lwa lewatle, ba ne ba fudugela kwa mafelong a mannye fela a a kwa thoko ga lewatle.<ref name=":5" /> (lekwalo la masome a mane le borataro go fitlha lekwalo la masome a mane le bosupa) Ka tlwaelo e ne e le batho le go [[:en:Semi-nomadic|kgarakgatshega mme e seng thata]] , ba tsamaya ka dipaka mo mafelong a a rileng a a tlhalositsweng go ikaegilwe ka go nna teng ga didirisiwa tse di jaaka metsi, diphologolo tsa naga, le dimela tse di jewang.<ref>Anaya, James (2 June 2010). [http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf Addendum – The situation of indigenous peoples in Botswana] (PDF) (Report). United Nations Human Rights Council. A/HRC/15/37/Add.2.</ref> Basarwa ba ne ba ithulaganya go nna makoko a go tsoma, mme ba ne ba sena dikgotla kgotsa dikgosi, ka ditshwetso di tsewa ke bagolwane.<ref name=":7">Ajayi, Ademola (2005). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=umyHqvAErOAC&q=historiography Iron Age (Later): Southern Africa: Peoples]". In Shillington, Kevin (ed.). ''Encyclopedia of African History 3-Volume Set''. Routledge. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-135-45670-2|<bdi>978-1-135-45670-2</bdi>.]]</ref> Ditšhaba tsa ntlha tsa San di tlogetse boswa jo bo humileng jwa ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo logageng go ralala Aforika Borwa,<ref name=":6" />:(lekwalo la lesome le le bongwe go ya kwa lekwalong la lesome le bobedi) tse di bontshang go tsoma, dintwa, botshelo jwa selegae, le ditiragalo tsa diinane.<ref name=":7" /> == Loago == ''Tshedimosetso e nngwe: [[:en:San_healing_practices|Mekgwa ya go fodisa ya Ba]]''[[:en:San_healing_practices|''sarwa'']]'', [[:en:San_rock_art|botaki jwa matlapa jwa Ba]]''[[:en:San_rock_art|''sarwa'']]'', le [[:en:San_religion|bodumedi jwa Basarwa]]'' [[Setshwantsho:Naro Bushmen drinking water from the bi bulb plant, Botswana 2008.jpg|thumb|Go nwa metsi go tswa mo sejalong sa bi bulb]] [[Setshwantsho:BushmenSan.jpg|thumb|Go tshuba molelo ka diatla]] Thulaganyo ya losika lwa Basarwa e bontsha ditso tsa bone jaaka ditlhopha tse dinnye tse di tsamayang tsa go batla dijo ka tlwaelo. Bolosika jwa Basarwa bo tshwana le jwa [[:en:Inuit_kinship|losika lwa Inuit]], jo bo dirisang setlhopha se se tshwanang sa mareo jaaka mo ditsong tsa lefatshekgolo le le na leng dikarolo tsa mafatshe la Europe mme bo oketsa ka molao wa leina le molao wa dingwaga tsa go tlhomamisa gore ke mareo afe a a tshwanetseng go dirisiwa. Molao wa dingwaga o rarabolola tlhakatlhakano nngwe le nngwe e e tlhagelelang ka ntlha ya mareo a losika, ka gonne yo mogolo mo bathong ba babedi ka metlha o swetsa gore o bitse yo mmotlana eng. Go na le maina a le mmalwa fela a a tsamayang (mo e ka nnang maina a le masome a mararo le botlhano ka bong), mme ngwana mongwe le mongwe o bidiwa ka rremogolo le mmèmogolo kgotsa wa losika yo mongwe, mme ga a ise a ko a bidiwe ka batsadi ba gagwe.[citation needed] [[Setshwantsho:San-man preparing poison arrows, using roasted seeds of Bobgunnia madagascariensis and innards of Diamphidia nigroornata, Namibia 2007-3.jpg|thumb|Go baakanyetsa metswi ya botlhole]] [[Setshwantsho:San tribesman.jpg|thumb|Monna wa Mosarwa]] Bana ga ba na ditiro tsa loago kwa ntle ga go tshameka, mme boitapoloso bo botlhokwa thata mo Basan ba dingwaga tsotlhe. Go dirisiwa nako e ntsi mo motlotlong, mo metlaeng, mo mminong le mo metantshong e e boitshepo. Basadi e ka nna baeteledipele ba ditlhopha tsa malapa a bone. Gape di ka dira ditshwetso tse di botlhokwa tsa lelapa le tsa setlhopha mme tsa bolela gore ke tsa tsone tsa dikhuti tsa metsi le mafelo a go batla dijo. Basadi ba amega thata mo go phutheng dijo, mme ka dinako tse dingwe gape ba nna le seabe mo go tsomeng.<ref name=":8">"[https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_bushmen.html San - Bushmen - Kalahari, South Africa]..." www.krugerpark.co.za. Retrieved 30 March 2024.</ref> Metsi a botlhokwa mo botshelong jwa Basarwa. Ka nako ya komelelo e telele, ba dirisa didiba tsa go nwa metsi gore di kgone go tsaya metsi. Go dira mekoti ya go kgobokanya metsi sentle, Basarwa ba gotlha mosima o o boteng fa motlhaba o leng metsi teng, mme ba tsenye kutu e telele ya bojang jo bo khuti mo mosimeng. Go dirisiwa [[:en:Ostrich_egg|lee la mpšhe]] le le senang sepe go tsaya metsi. Metsi a gogelwa mo lotlhakeng go tswa mo motlhabeng, go tsena mo molomong, mme morago a tsamaye go fologa lotlhaka lo longwe go tsena mo leeng la mpshe.<ref name=":8" /> Ka tlwaelo, Ba-San e ne e le setšhaba se se lekalekanang.<ref>Marjorie Shostak, 1983, ''Nisa: The Life and Words of a ǃKung Woman''. New York: [[:en:Vintage_Books|Vintage Books]]. Page 10.</ref> Le fa ba ne ba na le [[:en:Tribal_chief|dikgosi]] tsa boswa, taolo ya bone e ne e lekanyeditswe. Basarwa ba ne ba tsaya ditshwetso mo gare ga bona ka [[:en:Consensus_decision-making|tumalano]], ka basadi ba tshwarwa jaaka ba ba lekanang mo go tseyeng ditshwetso.<ref>Shostak 1983: 13</ref> Itsholelo ya Basarwa e ne e le [[:en:Gift_economy|itsholelo ya dimpho]], e e neng e ikaegile ka go naana dimpho ka metlha go na le go gweba kgotsa go reka dithoto le ditirelo.<ref>Shostak 1983: 9, 25</ref> '''Basarwa''' ke batho ba [[Botswana]]. Basarwa ke bone batho ba ntlha go nna mo Botswana. Batswana ba ne be goroga mo Botswana dingwaga tse di ntsi tse di fetileng. Ba ne ba tseela Basarwa lefatshe, ba bo ba dira gore Basarwa ba tshabele ko sekakeng. Ke ka moo gompieno Basarwa ba nnang ko sekakeng le ko merakeng. ===Ditso tsa pele=== [[Image:San-Paintings Murewa ZW.jpg|thumb|300px|1000- to 2000-year-old San-paintings near [[Murewa]] [[Zimbabwe]] ]] Tshekatsheko ya ditso e supa fa bangwe ba letso la basarwa ba sale ba nnile mo sekakeng sa kgaolo ya kgalagadi.Mme bontsi ja letso la Basarwa mo kgaolong ya borwa jwa [[Aferika]] ba ne ba patelediwa go nna mo kgaolong eo. Basarwa ba kalahari ba nnile mo lehumeng fa bahumi ba ba nnang go bapa le bone ba ba rontshitse ditshwanelo tsa go nna le lehatshe.Morago ga nako ee sa fedising pelo Botswana ga mmogo le [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia Namibia], ba ne ba fithela bonno jwa bone bo fokoditswe mo go fiteletseng.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110618001626/http://www.theartofafrica.co.za/serv/moderntimes.jsp The modern day Bushmen / San]. Art of Africa. Retrieved on 2012-01-29.</ref> ===Basarwa ba Kalahari=== Basarwa ke batho ba thata e itsiweng ele batsomi. Go nneng ga matlong a a sa akaegeng, Basarwa ba tshedile ka go tsoma diphologolo le go bapala diphologolo tsa naga.Bontsi jwa batho mo borwa jwa Afreka ba ne ba itsesiwe ngwao ya Basarwa ga mmogo le teme ya bone go dirisa setshwantsho sa motshikenyego.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://goafrica.about.com/library/bl.san.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-03-30 |archive-date=2012-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428203334/http://goafrica.about.com/library/bl.san.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Kgotla kgolo ya ditsheko== [[Setshwantsho:Bushmen hunters (cropped).png|thumb|Basarwa ba tsoma]] Ka kgwedi ya ferikgong a thola masome a mabedi le bosupa ngogola ,Basarwa ba ne ba fenya tsheko kgathanong le puso mo Botswana ko kgotla kgolo ya ditshekelo morago ga go kganelwa go amana le metsi a a nowang mo di dibeng tse di kwa ba nnang teng.Barrister Gordon Bennett e ne e le moemedi wa basarwa ko tshekong jaaka fa baathodi ba supa fa puso ya Botswana e le molato go fa thuso ee sa nametseng.Gangwe le gape, puso ya Botswana e ne bolelelwa gore e duele dituelo tsa go tsenelela tsheko ga Basarwa. ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Botswana]] iqkhivb87k1m6pnb6g3jacxprpl1hko 0 3276 52780 52702 2026-07-19T17:57:47Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the section "Localization of the curriculum" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1305248779|Education in Botswana]]" 52780 wikitext text/x-wiki Thuto tse''' dikgolwane mo [[Botswana|Botswana]]''' ke mahala kgotsa boitlhopelo.<ref name="ilab"> {1}Botswana {/1} [http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2005/tda2005.pdf ''2005 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor'' ]. Ba lekgotla le le inamololang mafatshe ka kakaretso, U.S. Lephata la metse selegae (2006). ''Koranta e e nale molaetsa go tsweng mo tshimologong, e e leng ponagadi ya {0 }phatalatsa.'' </ref><ref name="bbc"></ref> Mo ngwageng wa 2002, palo ya ntlha ee sa rurifadiwang e ne e le selekanyo sa lekgolo le boraro mo lekgolong, mme ee rurufaditsweng yone ya ntlha e ne e le masome a borobabobedi le motso mo lekgolong.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Go kgaogangwa ga bana ba ba tsewang mo dikolong go itebagantse le palo ya baithuti ba ba kwadisiwang kwa dikolong tse di potana gape ga go amane gope le go tsena sekolo sentle ga bana. Dipalo tse di ntsha tsa go tla sekolong mo dikolong tse di potana ga di mo Botswana.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Go ya ka dipalo tsa ngwaga wa 2001, masome a borobabobedi le borataro mo lekgolong a bana ba ba simolotseng dithuto tse di potana ba ne ba batlile go fitlhelela kwa lokwalong lwa botlhano.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Mo tsamaisong ya thuto ya mo Botswana, basimane le basetsana ba nale tepetepano mo go fiweng dithuto. Basetsana, ka gorialo, ba ka nna ba tswa mo dikolong tse dikgolwane ka ntata ya boimana.<ref name="ilab"></ref> [[Botswana|Botswana]] o dirile tse dintsi mo go tlhabololeng thuto morago ga go tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Morago ga seo go ne go nale baalogani ba ba potana mo lefatsheng gape Batswana ba palo potana ba tsene dikolo tse dikgolwane. Ka ponagalo ya ditemane morago ga go tsaya boipuso le go oketsega ga madi a puso, go ne ga nna le koketsego ee kwa godimo ya go aba thuto mo lefatsheng. Baithuti botlhe ba ne ba fiwa dingwaga tse di lesome tsa go ithuta,se se ba fitlisetsa kwa dithutong tse dikgolwane tsa Junior Certificate. E ka ne e le bontlha bongwe jwa palo ya batho mo sekolong ba ba tsweledisang ka ngwaga tse pedi tsa mo sekolong se se golwane se se isang moithuti kwa mphong ya go fiwa setlankana sa Botswana General Certificate of Education (BGCSE). Fa o sena go tlogela sekolo, baithuti ba ne ba ka tsena sekolo mo dikolong tsa ithutelo tiro di le borataro mo lefatsheng,kgotsa ba ithuthuntsha mo dithutong dingwe tsa borutabana kgotsa booki. Moithuti yo o gaisitseng botlhe o ne a ya go tsena kwa mmadikolo ebong University of Botswana, Botswana College of Agriculture[https://web.archive.org/web/20120524171350/http://www.bca.bw/], le Botswana Accountancy College mo [[Gaborone|Gaborone]]. Palo ee ntsi ya bana ba kwa mmadikolo e solofetswe, fa kago ya bobedi ya mmadikolo mo lefatsheng, ebong Botswana International University of Science and Technology, e fediwa. Bontsi jwa bana ba felela ba tsene dikolo kwa dikholetsheng tse eseng tsa puso mo lefatsheng. Bontsi jwa baithuti ba tsengwa sekolo ke puso. Dipoelo ga di ise di ko di tshwantshangwe le tsa boleng jo bo rileng. Dikolo tse di potana di santse di tlhoka didirisiwa, gape barutabana ba duelwa madi aa kwa tlase go nale badiri ka bone ba kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Mo kgweding ya Ferikgong ngwaga wa 2006, Botswana o ne a simolodisa tuelo ya dithuto morago ga dingwaga ngwaga tse pedi tsa thuto ee neng e fiwa mahala .<ref name="bbc">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4601360.stm | work=BBC News | title=Botswana brings back school fees | date=2006-01-11 | accessdate=2010-05-01}}</ref> ==Bokhutlo== Thuto ke yone konokono ya botshelo ke moo go leng matshwanedi gore e tsewe ka tlhwaafalo.Baithuti ba tshwanetse go nna ba ithuta gore ba tle go atlega mo botshelong.Ke tshwanelo ya puso go bona gore baithuti ba fiwa dithuto tse di lebanyeng gore ba tle ba kgone go baya lefatshe mo maemong aa fa godimo bogolo jang baithuti ba kwa mmadikolo. ==Metswedi== {{reflist}} Dithuto mo Botswana di felela ka lekwalo la lesome le bobedi. ==Dikgolagano tsa kwa ntle== {{commons category|Education in Botswana}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110117191700/http://www.moe.gov.bw/ Botswana Ministry of Education] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090322042351/http://www.sacmeq.org/education-botswana.htm Education Statistics and Quality of Education in Botswana], Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) *[http://www.unesco.org/education/uie/documentation/Literacyinbotswana.pdf Literacy and education in Botswana bibliography] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928121434/http://www.infodev.org/en/Publication.387.html Information Communication Technology in Botswana] (e nankola kitso ka kakaretso) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080514091311/http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/inhea/profiles/Botswana.htm Profile of higher education in Botswana] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081203160324/http://www.unbotswana.org.bw/undp/docs/bots_education_final.pdf The impact of HIV/AIDS on education in Botswana] {{Education in Africa}} [[Category:Thuto mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-stub}} {{Education-stub}} == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. === Thuto-potlana === Thuto e e potlana e simolola ka kamogelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba simolole lekwalo la ntlha go fitlha ka lokwalo la bosupa. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. === Thuto-potlana === Thuto e e potlana e simolola ka kamogelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba simolole lekwalo la ntlha go fitlha ka lokwalo la bosupa. Bana ba kwadisiwa mo sekolong se se potlana fa ba le dingwaga di ka nna thataro. Tsamaiso ya go ruta mo thutong ya sekolo se se potlana e laolwa ke thulaganyo ya dikolo ya lefatshe. Kgaolo ya sekolo e tlhopha dikaedi tsa tsamaiso ya go ruta le dibuka tse di bontshang maemo a go ithuta a puso ya lefatshe le ditekanyetso tsa maemo a mophato o o rileng. Go na le mefuta e le mebedi ya thuto e e potlana e e ka fitlhelwang mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Puso e fa thuto ya kakaretso ka teme ya Setswana, puo e ya Setswana e dirisiwa go ruta bana ga mmogo le teme ya Sekgoa. Lekalana la dikgwebo le fa dithuto tse puo ya thuto e leng Sekgoa fela, dikolo tse di bidiwa 'dikolo tsa Sekgoa'. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. === Thuto-potlana === Thuto e e potlana e simolola ka kamogelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba simolole lekwalo la ntlha go fitlha ka lokwalo la bosupa. Bana ba kwadisiwa mo sekolong se se potlana fa ba le dingwaga di ka nna thataro. Tsamaiso ya go ruta mo thutong ya sekolo se se potlana e laolwa ke thulaganyo ya dikolo ya lefatshe. Kgaolo ya sekolo e tlhopha dikaedi tsa tsamaiso ya go ruta le dibuka tse di bontshang maemo a go ithuta a puso ya lefatshe le ditekanyetso tsa maemo a mophato o o rileng. Go na le mefuta e le mebedi ya thuto e e potlana e e ka fitlhelwang mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Puso e fa thuto ya kakaretso ka teme ya Setswana, puo e ya Setswana e dirisiwa go ruta bana ga mmogo le teme ya Sekgoa. Lekalana la dikgwebo le fa dithuto tse puo ya thuto e leng Sekgoa fela, dikolo tse di bidiwa 'dikolo tsa Sekgoa'. === Thuto e e kgolwane === [[Setshwantsho:Kgari_sechele_secondary_school.jpg|thumb|230x230px|Sekolo se segolwane sa Kgari Sechele, sekolo se segolwane se se tsamaisiwang ke puso.]] Thuto ya sekolo se segolwane e simolola ka lekwalo le legolwane la ntlha go fitlhelela la botlhano (sekolo se segolwane mme se le fa tlase se simolola ka lowalo la ntlha go fitlhelela kwa go la boraro; sekolo se segolwane ebile se le fa godimo se simolola ka lokwalo la bone go fitlhelela kwa go la botlhano ). Baithuti gantsi ba fiwa kgololesego e le ntsi, ba tsamaya ba ya kwa dintlwaneng tsa borutelo tse di farologaneng, ebile ba fiwa tetla ya go tlhopha dingwe tsa dithuto tsa bone tse di bidiwang dithuto tsa maitlhophelo. Dingwaga tsa ntlha tse tharo tsa thuto e e kgolwane di isa kwa setlankaneng sa dithuto tsa makgaolakgang tsa lokwalo la boraro, mme morago ga dingwaga tse dingwe tse pedi tsa go ithuta baithuti ba kwala tlhatlhobo ya makgaolakgang ya lokwalo la botlhano. === Thuto ya ithutelo-tiro === [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana|Yunibesithi ya Botswana]], Yunibesithi ya Botho, [[Sekolo se Segolwane sa Limkokwing|Yunibesithi ya Limkokwing ya Thekenoloji ya Boitlhamedi]], [https://baisago.ac.bw/ Yunibesithi ya Ba Isago], [https://abm.ac.bw/ Kholetšhe ya ABM], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome To ABM University College |url=https://abm.ac.bw/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=ABM University College |language=en-US}}</ref> Yunibesithi ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Botswana ya Maranyane le Boitseanape , <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-12 |title=Botswana International University of Science & Technology |url=https://www.biust.ac.bw/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> [https://www.bou.ac.bw/ Botswana Open University], [https://www.buan.ac.bw/ Setheo sa Botswana sa Temothuo le Ditsompelo tsa Tlhago], Yunibesithi [https://gips.co.bw/ ya Gaborone] [https://www.guc.ac.bw/ ya Dithuto] tsa Molao ke dikolo tse di fang thuto ya ithutelo tiro mo lefatsheng la Botswana. [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana|Yunibesithi ya Botswana]] ke sekolo sa setšhaba se se tlhomilweng ka ngwaga wa 1982 ka molao wa palamente <ref>{{Cite web |date=1982 |title=University of Botswana Act, 1982 |url=https://botswanalaws.com/StatutesActpdf/1982Actpdf/UNIVERSITY%20OF%20BOTSWANA%20ACT,%20NO.%2011%20OF%201982.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=Laws of Botswana}}</ref> mme ntlokgolo ya sone e kwa [[Gaborone]] . == Tlhomamiso ya tsamaelano ya thuto le lefatshe la Botswana == E ne ya re mo nakong e e sa fediseng pelo, morago ga lefatshe la Botswana le sena go tsaya boipuso, ga lemogiwa gore tsamaiso ya thuto ga e fitlhelele matlhokego a setšhaba. E ne e tsentse mogopolo o montsi thata mo thutong ya buka mme ebile e ne e santse e na le matlhasedi a puso ya batho-basweu. Bontsi jwa dilo tse di neng di ithuthuntshiwa di ne di sa tsamaisane le seemo sa botshelo jwa SeAferika, ka jalo dipalo tsa baithuti ba ba neng ba tlogela sekolo di ne di le kwa godimo. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Tswanification of the curriculum |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/tswanification-curriculum |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Go ise go ye kae go ne ga lemogiwa gore go tlhokega phetogo. Baeteledipele ba lefatshe ba ne ba nna le mogopolo wa thulaganyo ya thuto e e neng e tlaa fa botlhe tshono ya go bona thuto e e rileng le go tshegetsa kutlwano magareng ga batho morago ga go lemoga gore setshaba sa Botswana se kgaogantswe go ya ka merafe e e farologaneng ka jalo ba le bantsi ba eme ka nosi.<ref>https://journals.ub.bw/index.php/mosenodi/article/download/1594/1013</ref>E ne ya re ka ngwaga wa 1977 komiti e e neng e tlhomilwe ke puso ya Botswana e ne ya phatlalatsa pego ka ga phetolo ya thuto ka setlhogo se se reng ‘thuto mabapi le kagisano’. <ref name=":1" /> Molao o wa ntlha wa setšhaba wa thuto (NPE) wa ngwaga wa 1977 o ne wa diriwa e le tsibogo ya baeteledipele ba lefatshe la Botswana, ka nako e o, go tswa mo mokgweng wa go ruta wa puso ya batho-basweu ba lefatshe la Borithane fa thuto e ne e le ya batho ba maemo a a rileng go ya kwa thulaganyong e e akaretsang botlhe.<ref>https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=12460496X</ref> Jaaka go gakolotswe mo pegong, go ne ga tsenngwa dithuto tse dintsha tsa konokono mo tsamaisong ya dikolo, mme tsa dira gore thuto e nne maleba le lefatshe la Botswana. <ref name=":1" /> Maikaelelo a mokgwa yo wa thuto e, e ne ele go lebagana thata le tiro ya diatla gore baithuti ba kgone go bona tiro. izy0xkjycbiju1i869lmjkj4ickr2xf 52781 52780 2026-07-19T17:59:09Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 #Wikipedia25BW 52781 wikitext text/x-wiki Thuto tse''' dikgolwane mo [[Botswana|Botswana]]''' ke mahala kgotsa boitlhopelo.<ref name="ilab"> {1}Botswana {/1} [http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2005/tda2005.pdf ''2005 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor'' ]. Ba lekgotla le le inamololang mafatshe ka kakaretso, U.S. Lephata la metse selegae (2006). ''Koranta e e nale molaetsa go tsweng mo tshimologong, e e leng ponagadi ya {0 }phatalatsa.'' </ref><ref name="bbc"></ref> Mo ngwageng wa 2002, palo ya ntlha ee sa rurifadiwang e ne e le selekanyo sa lekgolo le boraro mo lekgolong, mme ee rurufaditsweng yone ya ntlha e ne e le masome a borobabobedi le motso mo lekgolong.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Go kgaogangwa ga bana ba ba tsewang mo dikolong go itebagantse le palo ya baithuti ba ba kwadisiwang kwa dikolong tse di potana gape ga go amane gope le go tsena sekolo sentle ga bana. Dipalo tse di ntsha tsa go tla sekolong mo dikolong tse di potana ga di mo Botswana.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Go ya ka dipalo tsa ngwaga wa 2001, masome a borobabobedi le borataro mo lekgolong a bana ba ba simolotseng dithuto tse di potana ba ne ba batlile go fitlhelela kwa lokwalong lwa botlhano.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Mo tsamaisong ya thuto ya mo Botswana, basimane le basetsana ba nale tepetepano mo go fiweng dithuto. Basetsana, ka gorialo, ba ka nna ba tswa mo dikolong tse dikgolwane ka ntata ya boimana.<ref name="ilab"></ref> [[Botswana|Botswana]] o dirile tse dintsi mo go tlhabololeng thuto morago ga go tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Morago ga seo go ne go nale baalogani ba ba potana mo lefatsheng gape Batswana ba palo potana ba tsene dikolo tse dikgolwane. Ka ponagalo ya ditemane morago ga go tsaya boipuso le go oketsega ga madi a puso, go ne ga nna le koketsego ee kwa godimo ya go aba thuto mo lefatsheng. Baithuti botlhe ba ne ba fiwa dingwaga tse di lesome tsa go ithuta,se se ba fitlisetsa kwa dithutong tse dikgolwane tsa Junior Certificate. E ka ne e le bontlha bongwe jwa palo ya batho mo sekolong ba ba tsweledisang ka ngwaga tse pedi tsa mo sekolong se se golwane se se isang moithuti kwa mphong ya go fiwa setlankana sa Botswana General Certificate of Education (BGCSE). Fa o sena go tlogela sekolo, baithuti ba ne ba ka tsena sekolo mo dikolong tsa ithutelo tiro di le borataro mo lefatsheng,kgotsa ba ithuthuntsha mo dithutong dingwe tsa borutabana kgotsa booki. Moithuti yo o gaisitseng botlhe o ne a ya go tsena kwa mmadikolo ebong University of Botswana, Botswana College of Agriculture[https://web.archive.org/web/20120524171350/http://www.bca.bw/], le Botswana Accountancy College mo [[Gaborone|Gaborone]]. Palo ee ntsi ya bana ba kwa mmadikolo e solofetswe, fa kago ya bobedi ya mmadikolo mo lefatsheng, ebong Botswana International University of Science and Technology, e fediwa. Bontsi jwa bana ba felela ba tsene dikolo kwa dikholetsheng tse eseng tsa puso mo lefatsheng. Bontsi jwa baithuti ba tsengwa sekolo ke puso. Dipoelo ga di ise di ko di tshwantshangwe le tsa boleng jo bo rileng. Dikolo tse di potana di santse di tlhoka didirisiwa, gape barutabana ba duelwa madi aa kwa tlase go nale badiri ka bone ba kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Mo kgweding ya Ferikgong ngwaga wa 2006, Botswana o ne a simolodisa tuelo ya dithuto morago ga dingwaga ngwaga tse pedi tsa thuto ee neng e fiwa mahala .<ref name="bbc">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4601360.stm | work=BBC News | title=Botswana brings back school fees | date=2006-01-11 | accessdate=2010-05-01}}</ref> ==Bokhutlo== Thuto ke yone konokono ya botshelo ke moo go leng matshwanedi gore e tsewe ka tlhwaafalo.Baithuti ba tshwanetse go nna ba ithuta gore ba tle go atlega mo botshelong.Ke tshwanelo ya puso go bona gore baithuti ba fiwa dithuto tse di lebanyeng gore ba tle ba kgone go baya lefatshe mo maemong aa fa godimo bogolo jang baithuti ba kwa mmadikolo. ==Metswedi== {{reflist}} Dithuto mo Botswana di felela ka lekwalo la lesome le bobedi. ==Dikgolagano tsa kwa ntle== {{commons category|Education in Botswana}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110117191700/http://www.moe.gov.bw/ Botswana Ministry of Education] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090322042351/http://www.sacmeq.org/education-botswana.htm Education Statistics and Quality of Education in Botswana], Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) *[http://www.unesco.org/education/uie/documentation/Literacyinbotswana.pdf Literacy and education in Botswana bibliography] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928121434/http://www.infodev.org/en/Publication.387.html Information Communication Technology in Botswana] (e nankola kitso ka kakaretso) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080514091311/http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/inhea/profiles/Botswana.htm Profile of higher education in Botswana] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081203160324/http://www.unbotswana.org.bw/undp/docs/bots_education_final.pdf The impact of HIV/AIDS on education in Botswana] {{Education in Africa}} [[Category:Thuto mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-stub}} {{Education-stub}} == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. === Thuto-potlana === Thuto e e potlana e simolola ka kamogelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba simolole lekwalo la ntlha go fitlha ka lokwalo la bosupa. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. === Thuto-potlana === Thuto e e potlana e simolola ka kamogelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba simolole lekwalo la ntlha go fitlha ka lokwalo la bosupa. Bana ba kwadisiwa mo sekolong se se potlana fa ba le dingwaga di ka nna thataro. Tsamaiso ya go ruta mo thutong ya sekolo se se potlana e laolwa ke thulaganyo ya dikolo ya lefatshe. Kgaolo ya sekolo e tlhopha dikaedi tsa tsamaiso ya go ruta le dibuka tse di bontshang maemo a go ithuta a puso ya lefatshe le ditekanyetso tsa maemo a mophato o o rileng. Go na le mefuta e le mebedi ya thuto e e potlana e e ka fitlhelwang mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Puso e fa thuto ya kakaretso ka teme ya Setswana, puo e ya Setswana e dirisiwa go ruta bana ga mmogo le teme ya Sekgoa. Lekalana la dikgwebo le fa dithuto tse puo ya thuto e leng Sekgoa fela, dikolo tse di bidiwa 'dikolo tsa Sekgoa'. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGlavin2017">Glavin, Chris (2017-01-25). [https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages "Education stages"]. ''K12 Academics''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. === Thuto-potlana === Thuto e e potlana e simolola ka kamogelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba simolole lekwalo la ntlha go fitlha ka lokwalo la bosupa. Bana ba kwadisiwa mo sekolong se se potlana fa ba le dingwaga di ka nna thataro. Tsamaiso ya go ruta mo thutong ya sekolo se se potlana e laolwa ke thulaganyo ya dikolo ya lefatshe. Kgaolo ya sekolo e tlhopha dikaedi tsa tsamaiso ya go ruta le dibuka tse di bontshang maemo a go ithuta a puso ya lefatshe le ditekanyetso tsa maemo a mophato o o rileng. Go na le mefuta e le mebedi ya thuto e e potlana e e ka fitlhelwang mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Puso e fa thuto ya kakaretso ka teme ya Setswana, puo e ya Setswana e dirisiwa go ruta bana ga mmogo le teme ya Sekgoa. Lekalana la dikgwebo le fa dithuto tse puo ya thuto e leng Sekgoa fela, dikolo tse di bidiwa 'dikolo tsa Sekgoa'. === Thuto e e kgolwane === [[Setshwantsho:Kgari_sechele_secondary_school.jpg|thumb|230x230px|Sekolo se segolwane sa Kgari Sechele, sekolo se segolwane se se tsamaisiwang ke puso.]] Thuto ya sekolo se segolwane e simolola ka lekwalo le legolwane la ntlha go fitlhelela la botlhano (sekolo se segolwane mme se le fa tlase se simolola ka lowalo la ntlha go fitlhelela kwa go la boraro; sekolo se segolwane ebile se le fa godimo se simolola ka lokwalo la bone go fitlhelela kwa go la botlhano ). Baithuti gantsi ba fiwa kgololesego e le ntsi, ba tsamaya ba ya kwa dintlwaneng tsa borutelo tse di farologaneng, ebile ba fiwa tetla ya go tlhopha dingwe tsa dithuto tsa bone tse di bidiwang dithuto tsa maitlhophelo. Dingwaga tsa ntlha tse tharo tsa thuto e e kgolwane di isa kwa setlankaneng sa dithuto tsa makgaolakgang tsa lokwalo la boraro, mme morago ga dingwaga tse dingwe tse pedi tsa go ithuta baithuti ba kwala tlhatlhobo ya makgaolakgang ya lokwalo la botlhano. === Thuto ya ithutelo-tiro === [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana|Yunibesithi ya Botswana]], Yunibesithi ya Botho, [[Sekolo se Segolwane sa Limkokwing|Yunibesithi ya Limkokwing ya Thekenoloji ya Boitlhamedi]], [https://baisago.ac.bw/ Yunibesithi ya Ba Isago], [https://abm.ac.bw/ Kholetšhe ya ABM], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome To ABM University College |url=https://abm.ac.bw/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=ABM University College |language=en-US}}</ref> Yunibesithi ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Botswana ya Maranyane le Boitseanape , <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-12 |title=Botswana International University of Science & Technology |url=https://www.biust.ac.bw/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> [https://www.bou.ac.bw/ Botswana Open University], [https://www.buan.ac.bw/ Setheo sa Botswana sa Temothuo le Ditsompelo tsa Tlhago], Yunibesithi [https://gips.co.bw/ ya Gaborone] [https://www.guc.ac.bw/ ya Dithuto] tsa Molao ke dikolo tse di fang thuto ya ithutelo tiro mo lefatsheng la Botswana. [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana|Yunibesithi ya Botswana]] ke sekolo sa setšhaba se se tlhomilweng ka ngwaga wa 1982 ka molao wa palamente <ref>{{Cite web |date=1982 |title=University of Botswana Act, 1982 |url=https://botswanalaws.com/StatutesActpdf/1982Actpdf/UNIVERSITY%20OF%20BOTSWANA%20ACT,%20NO.%2011%20OF%201982.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=Laws of Botswana}}</ref> mme ntlokgolo ya sone e kwa [[Gaborone]] . == Tlhomamiso ya tsamaelano ya thuto le seemo sa lefatshe la Botswana == E ne ya re mo nakong e e sa fediseng pelo, morago ga lefatshe la Botswana le sena go tsaya boipuso, ga lemogiwa gore tsamaiso ya thuto ga e fitlhelele matlhokego a setšhaba. E ne e tsentse mogopolo o montsi thata mo thutong ya buka mme ebile e ne e santse e na le matlhasedi a puso ya batho-basweu. Bontsi jwa dilo tse di neng di ithuthuntshiwa di ne di sa tsamaisane le seemo sa botshelo jwa SeAferika, ka jalo dipalo tsa baithuti ba ba neng ba tlogela sekolo di ne di le kwa godimo. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Tswanification of the curriculum |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/tswanification-curriculum |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en}}</ref> Go ise go ye kae go ne ga lemogiwa gore go tlhokega phetogo. Baeteledipele ba lefatshe ba ne ba nna le mogopolo wa thulaganyo ya thuto e e neng e tlaa fa botlhe tshono ya go bona thuto e e rileng le go tshegetsa kutlwano magareng ga batho morago ga go lemoga gore setshaba sa Botswana se kgaogantswe go ya ka merafe e e farologaneng ka jalo ba le bantsi ba eme ka nosi.<ref>https://journals.ub.bw/index.php/mosenodi/article/download/1594/1013</ref>E ne ya re ka ngwaga wa 1977 komiti e e neng e tlhomilwe ke puso ya Botswana e ne ya phatlalatsa pego ka ga phetolo ya thuto ka setlhogo se se reng ‘thuto mabapi le kagisano’. <ref name=":1" /> Molao o wa ntlha wa setšhaba wa thuto (NPE) wa ngwaga wa 1977 o ne wa diriwa e le tsibogo ya baeteledipele ba lefatshe la Botswana, ka nako e o, go tswa mo mokgweng wa go ruta wa puso ya batho-basweu ba lefatshe la Borithane fa thuto e ne e le ya batho ba maemo a a rileng go ya kwa thulaganyong e e akaretsang botlhe.<ref>https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=12460496X</ref> Jaaka go gakolotswe mo pegong, go ne ga tsenngwa dithuto tse dintsha tsa konokono mo tsamaisong ya dikolo, mme tsa dira gore thuto e nne maleba le lefatshe la Botswana. <ref name=":1" /> Maikaelelo a mokgwa yo wa thuto e, e ne ele go lebagana thata le tiro ya diatla gore baithuti ba kgone go bona tiro. bd8hg5wia9d4l1wt09t1s0w17g35n2x 0 3452 52766 31618 2026-07-19T14:05:21Z Lucrucia98 12161 52766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox election | election_name = 2009 Botswana general election | country = Botswana | type = parliamentary | ongoing = no | previous_election = 2004 Botswana general election | previous_year = 2004 | previous_mps = | next_election = 2014 Botswana general election | next_year = 2014 | next_mps = | seats_for_election = 57 of the 63 seats to the [[National Assembly of Botswana|National Assembly]] | election_date = {{Start date|2009|10|16|df=y}} <!-- BDP -->| image1 = [[File:Ian Khama (2014) (cropped) (cropped).jpg|x160px]] | leader1 = [[Ian Khama]] | leader_since1 = 1 April 2008 | party1 = Botswana Democratic Party | leaders_seat1 = ''not running'' | last_election1 = 44 seats, 51.73% | seats1 = '''45''' | seat_change1 = {{increase}} 1 | popular_vote1 = '''290,099''' | percentage1 = '''53.26%''' | swing1 = {{increase}} 1.53% <!-- BNF -->| image2 = <div style="width:115px;"><span style="line-height:150px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Botswana National Front}}; font-size:37px;"> '''BNF'''</span></div> | leader2 = [[Otsweletse Moupo]] | leader_since2 = 25 November 2001<ref>[http://www.sadocc.at/news2002/2001-82.shtml BOTSWANA: New leader of the oppositional Botswana National Front] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706094150/http://www.sadocc.at/news2002/2001-82.shtml |date=2011-07-06 }} SADOCC, 26 November 2001</ref> | party2 = Botswana National Front | leaders_seat2 = ''not running'' | last_election2 = 12 seats, 26.06% | seats2 = 6 | seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 6 | popular_vote2 = 119,509 | percentage2 = 21.94% | swing2 = {{decrease}} 4.12% <!-- BCP -->| image3 = <div style="width:115px;"><span style="line-height:150px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Botswana Congress Party}}; font-size:37px;"> '''BCP'''</span></div> | leader3 = [[Gilson Saleshando]] | leader_since3 = 2005 | party3 = Botswana Congress Party | leaders_seat3 = [[Selebi-Phikwe]] West | last_election3 = 1 seat, 16.62% | seats3 = 4 | seat_change3 = {{increase}} 3 | popular_vote3 = 104,302 | percentage3 = 19.15% | swing3 = {{increase}} 2.53% | title = President | before_election = [[Ian Khama]] | before_party = Botswana Democratic Party | after_election = [[Ian Khama]] | after_party = Botswana Democratic Party | turnout = 76.71% ({{increase}}0.92%) | majority_seats = 29 }}{{Politics of Botswana}} '''Dithopho''' tse di ne di tshwaretswe kwa [[Botswana]] ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le lesome le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009). Maduo a dithopho tse a ne a supa fa [[Botswana Democratic Party]], e fentse ditilo dile masome a mane le bothano mo go tse masome a matlhano le bosupa tse di neng di ba emetse. ==Makgotla a sepolotiki== Makgotla otlhe a polotiki a a neng a tsere karolo mo ditlhophong tsa sechaba tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone (2004) a ne a emela ditlhopho tsa bopalamente ka ngwaga wa dikete tse le borobabongwe (2009): Lekgotla la Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), Botswana National Front (BNF) le Botswana Congress Party (BCP). Makgotla a mannye le one a ne a tsere karolo, le bontlhopheng ba ba neng ba ikemetse ka nosi ba le lesome le botlhano (mo dikgaolong tsa botlhophi di le lesome le boraro). Phathi ya domokoraga (BDP) e ne e tlhomileng baemedi mo dikgaolong tsotlhe tsa botlhophi di le masome matlhano le bosupa. Moeteledipele wa yone, ebong tautona wa Botswana Ian Khama o ne a sa emela ditlhopho, mme mothusa-tautona Mompati Merafhe o ne a sireletsa setilo sa gagwe kwa Mahalapye Bophirima. BDP e fentse ditlhopho tsotlhe tse di tshwerweng mo Botswana morago ga boipuso. Moeteledipele wa BNF o ne a sa ema e le ntlhopheng. O ne a ikaeletse go sireletsa setilo sa gagwe sa palamente sa Gaborone Bophirima Bokone mme o ne a latlhegelwa ke ditlhopho tsa peo letlhokwa tsa BNF teng. Go ne go na le dipelaelo tsa gore gongwe o ka emela phathi ya gagwe kwa Gaborone Borwa, mme Moupo o ne a seka a dumela go emela ditlhopho. Ka ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone (2004), Moupo o ne a emetse ditlhopho kwa Selibe-Phikwe Bophirima mme a latlhegelwa kgatlhanong le ntlhopheng wa BDP Kavis Kario. O ne a tlhophiwa go nna mopalamente wa Gaborone Bophirima Bokone ka ditlhopho tsa poeletso ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005) morago ga go tlhokakafala ga mopalament wa BNF Paul Rantao. BCP e dirisanya le Botswana Alliance Movement (BAM), mme ba thusanya go ka tlhopha moemedi wa phathi e nngwe. BCP-BAM e ne e tlhomile baemedi mo dikgaolong tsa botlhophi di le masome mane le borataro. Moeteledipele wa BCP Gilson Salashando o ne a emela ditlhopho kwa Selibe-Phikwe Bophirima e e neng e tshwerwe ke ntlhopeng wa BDP Kavis Kario. ==Patlo Maikutlo== Pele ga ditlhopho go ne ga diriwa dipatlisiso di le mmalwa ka patlo maikutlo, go leka bona gore sechaba se slofetse eng. {| class="wikitable" border="1" |- ! Malatsi a dipatisiso ! Lefelo la Dipatlisiso ! BDP ! BNF ! BCP ! ''Tse dingwe'' |- | Lwetse28-Phalane 16 2008 | [https://web.archive.org/web/20090925075323/http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/view/botswanas_bdp_dominates_political_climate/ University of Botswana Faculty / Afrobarometer ( Mmadikolo)] | 63% | 13% | 8% | 10% |} ==Pele ga ditlhopho== ===Mathata a BDP=== BDP mo bogompienong e na le mathata a a mo teng ga phathi, e bile Tautona Khama a ntsha matshosetsi a go kopa Modulasetilo wa phathi e bile e kile ya nna Tona Daniel Kwelagobe, moeteledipele wa lekgamu la Barata-Phathi le le fitlhelwang mo teng ga BDP. Lefa fa Khama le Kwelagobe ba baakantse dipharologanyo tsa bone, go itsetsepela ga BDP go santse go reketla. ===Mathata a go tlhopha ga mapodisi le batlhophisi=== Ka gore bathophisi le mapodisi ba tshwanetse go tsamaisa ditlhopho ka kgwedi ya Phalane a tlhola lesome le boratato, go ne ga nna le tsamaiso ya gore bone ba tlhophe pele ga nako ya ditlhopho. Se se ne se tshwanetse go dirwa ka kgwedi ya Phalane a le masome mabedi le borobaboongwe. Mme le fa go ntse jalo, ka mathata a go gatisa ko Johannesburg, se ne sa sa seka sa tsamaya jaaka go ne go tshwanetse. Dipalo tse di fitlhelwang mo pampiring ya ditlhopho di ne di fitlhelwa di iipoeletsa go feta bongwe. Jaanong ba sepodisi le batlhophisi ba ne ba tshwanetse go tlhopha le sechaba ka kakaretso ka kgwedi ya Phalane a le lesome le borataro. Jaanong se e ne e le mathata a a tlhwaafetseng mo badireding ba ba ikwadiseditseng go tlhopha mo mafelong a a kgakala le kwa ba yang go tlhophisa teng. BCP e ne ya ntsha matshosetsi a go tsaya kgatlo ya semolao kgatlhanong le lekgotla le le tsamaisang ditlhopho la IEC. ===Go tlhopha fa o se mo Botswana=== Go tlhopha pele ga na nako mo mafelong a botlhophi a a kwa ntle ga lefatshe go ne ga dirwa ka kgwedi ya Phalane a le gararo mo mafelong a botlhophi lefatshe ka bophara. ==Maduo== {{Botswana general election, 2009}} Dipalo tse dintsi tsa batlhopi di ne tsa gatisiwa mme nako ya go bulwa ga mafelo a botlhophelo e ne ya okediwa go ka emelana le mela e metelele ya batlhophi. Balebeledi ba ditlhopho batlhalositse fa di tsamaile ka thelelo le fa go nnile batho ba ba rileng ba ba sa kgonang go tlhopha. BDP e ne ya supa kgolo mo maduong a ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone (2004) ka go gapa setilo se sengwe go dira gore di nne masomemane le botlhano mo ditilong tsa palamente di le masome matlhano le bosupa. Ba kganetso ba BNF ba ne ba bona kwelotlase go tswa mo ditilong tse di lesome le bobedi go ya ko go tse thataro. BCP e e duleng mo BNF e ne ya oketsa kemedi ya yone go tswa kwa go bongwe go ya kwa go bone le badirisanyi mmogo ba bone BAM ba ne ba ikgapela setilo se le sengwe. Nehemiah Modubule, mopalamente wa Lobatse o ne a fenya ditlhopho a ikemetse ka nosi, a ne a tlhophilwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone (2004) ka fa tlase ga BNF. Kwa ntle ga go gapa ditilo di le dintsi BDP e ne ya boelwa mo tsamaisong ya pele ya ditlhopho ka palo ya diphathi tsa kganetso e lekane go ka fenya BDP mo dikgaolong di le dintsi tsa botlhophi. Seelo sa phathi ya BDP e ne e le go oketsa kemedi ya bone go tshwara masome matlhano moanamisa mafoko o supile fa ba itumeletse maduo. BDP e gapile ditlhopho tse dintsi, fa BNF e gaisitse badirisanyi mmogo BCP-BAM ka mola o mosesanyane go ka gapa maemo a bobedi. Maduo a ne a neela Khama sebaka se sengwe sa go busa ngwaga tse tlhano. O ne a ikanisiwa morago ga ditlhopho, mme mokete wa phenyo o ne wa dirwa ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le lesome le borobabobedi mo [[Gaborone]]. ==O ka tsibogela == *Maina a mapalamente a nako eno a Botswana == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ditlhopho mo Botswana]] j0pijxk489lsnc9no345910ss46d9zo 0 4852 52763 48176 2026-07-19T13:57:58Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox economy | country = Botswana | year = 21 April - 32 March | image = | image_size = 420px | caption = [[botsswanna in botswannaiTowers of Masa Square CBD|Masa Square Central Business District]] | currency = [[Botswana Pula|Pula]] (BWP, P) | organs = [[African Union|AU]], [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]] (signed), [[Southern African Development Community|SADC]], [[Southern African Customs Union|SACU]], [[World Trade Organization|WTO]] | group = {{plainlist| *[[Developing country|Developing/Emerging]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weoselco.aspx?g=2200&sg=All+countries+%2f+Emerging+market+and+developing+economies |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref> *Upper-middle income economy<ref>{{cite web |url=https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups |title=World Bank Country and Lending Groups |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=datahelpdesk.worldbank.org |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref>}} | population = {{increase}} 2,397,240 (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=BW |title=Population, total - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-date=21 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821123757/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref> | gdp = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} $16.90 billion (nominal, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=26&pr.y=21&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=616&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org | access-date=17 November 2019}}</ref> *{{increase}} $43.907 billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]], 2019 est.)<ref name="2020/01">{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2020 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2020/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=28&pr.y=20&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=616&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CPPPGDP%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref>}} | gdp rank = {{plainlist| *[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|114th (nominal, 2019)]] *[[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|113th (PPP, 2019)]]}} | growth = {{plainlist| *14.5%&nbsp;(2018) 3.0%&nbsp;(2019e) *−5.4%&nbsp;(2020e) 6.8%&nbsp;(2021e)<ref name="2020/01"/>}} | per capita = {{plainlist| *{{decrease}} $7,859 (nominal, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW"/> *{{increase}} $18,558 (PPP, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW"/>}} | per capita rank = {{plainlist| *[[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita|78th (nominal, 2019)]] *[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|75th (PPP, 2018)]]}} | sectors = {{plainlist| *[[agriculture]]: 1.8% *[[Industrial sector|industry]]: 27.5% *[[Tertiary sector of the economy|services]]: 70.6% *(2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ |title=The World Factbook |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |website=CIA.gov |access-date=15 May 2019 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | inflation = 2.1% (2020 est.)<ref name="2020/01"/> | poverty = {{plainlist| *16.3% ({{As of|2016|alt=2016}})<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdb.org/en/countries/southern-africa/botswana/botswana-economic-outlook/|title=Botswana Economic Outlook|date=29 March 2019}}</ref> *60.4% on less than $5.50/day (2015)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.UMIC?locations=BW |title=Poverty headcount ratio at $5.50 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=4 December 2019 |archive-date=27 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127133918/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.UMIC?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | gini = 53.3 {{color|red|high}} (2015)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> | hdi = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} 0.728 {{color|green|high}} (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506 |title=Human Development Index (HDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref> ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|94th]]) *{{steady}} N/A [[List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI|IHDI]] (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-3-inequality-adjusted-human-development-index-ihdi |title=Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref>}} | labor = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} 1,107,235 (2019)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=BW |title=Labor force, total - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> *55.7% employment rate (2013)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.NE.ZS?locations=BW |title=Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate) - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922090025/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.NE.ZS?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | edbr = {{decrease}} [[Ease of doing business index#Ranking|87th (easy, 2020)]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/botswana |title=Ease of Doing Business in Botswana |publisher=Doingbusiness.org |access-date=24 November 2017 }}</ref> | unemployment = 17.7% ({{As of|2017|alt=2017}})<ref name="autogenerated2"/> | industries = [[diamond]]s, [[copper]], [[nickel]], [[salt]], [[soda ash]], [[potash]], [[coal]], [[iron ore]], [[silver]]; [[beef]] processing; [[textiles]] | exports = {{decrease}} $5.934 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | export-goods = [[diamond]]s, [[copper]], [[nickel]], [[soda ash]], [[beef]], [[textiles]] | export-partners = {{plainlist| *{{flag|Belgium}} 20.3% *{{flag|India}} 12.6% *{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} 12.4% *{{flag|South Africa}} 11.9% *{{flag|Singapore}} 8.7% *{{flag|Israel}} 7% *{{flag|Hong Kong}} 4.1% *{{flag|Namibia}} 4.1% *(2017)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | imports = {{decrease}} $5.005 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | import-goods = foodstuffs, [[machinery]], [[electrical]] goods, [[transport]] equipment, [[textiles]], [[fuel]] and [[petroleum]] products, [[wood]] and [[paper]] products, [[metal]] and [[metal]] products | import-partners = {{plainlist| *{{flag|South Africa}} 66.1% *{{flag|Canada}} 8.3% *{{flag|Israel}} 5.3% *(2017)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | current account = {{decrease}} $2.146 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | FDI = {{plainlist| *{{decrease}} $5.319 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> *{{increase}} Abroad: $1.973 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | gross external debt = {{decreasePositive}} $2.187 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | debt = {{decreasePositive}} 21.7% of GDP (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indexmundi.com/es/botsuana/deuda_publica.html|title=Deuda pública - Botsuana - Economía}}</ref> | revenue = 5.305 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | expenses = 5.478 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | balance = −1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | aid = $73 million ({{As of|1995|alt=1995}}) | credit = {{plainlist| *[[Standard & Poor's]]:<ref>{{cite web |title= Sovereigns rating list |publisher=Standard & Poor's |url=http://www.standardandpoors.com/ratings/sovereigns/ratings-list/en/eu/?subSectorCode=39 |access-date=26 May 2011}}</ref> *A (Domestic) *A- (Foreign) *A+ (T&C Assessment)}} | reserves = {{increase}} $7.491 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | cianame = botswana | spelling = }} [[:en:Botswana|Botswana]] o na le [[:en:Developing_country|itsholelo e e tlhabologang]] e e tsewang e le ya lotseno lo lo kwa godimo go ya kwa bogareng. Kgolo ya tiro ya lekalana le e seng la puso e ne e le palogare ya bokana ka karolo ya lesome mo lekgolong ka ngwaga mo dingwageng tsa ntlha di le masome a mararo tsa boipuso jwa lefatshe. Morago ga paka ya go ema hela go sa irege sepe kwa tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa masome a mabedi le bongwe, itsholelo ya [[:en:Botswana|Botswana]] e ne ya kwadisa maemo a a nonofileng a kgolo, ka kgolo ya Palo yotlhe ya dithoro le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng e e neng ya feta dintlha tsa karolo ya borataro go ya kwa bosupeng mo lekgolong. Kgolo ya itsholelo fa e sale ka bofelo jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1960 e ntse e lekana le itsholelo dingwe tse dikgolo tsa lefatshekgolo le le naleng di karolo tsa mafatshe Asia.<ref>Leith, J. Clark (2005). ''[https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt80xfp Why Botswana Prospered]''. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp.&#x20;ix-2. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2820-8|<bdi>978-0-7735-2820-8</bdi>.]] [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt80xfp j.ctt80xfp].</ref> Puso e ntse e tshegetsa lefetiso la tekanyetsokabo ka tlhomamo mme e na le [[:en:Foreign-exchange_reserves|dipolokelo tse dintsi tsa kananyo ya madi a]] [[:en:Foreign-exchange_reserves|mafatshe a sele]].<ref>[http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/489431468012950282/pdf/95304-REPLACEMENT-SCD-P150575-PUBLIC-Botswana-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic-Report.pdf "BOTSWANA: Systematic Country Diagnostic]" (PDF). World Bank Group. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/489431468012950282/pdf/95304-REPLACEMENT-SCD-P150575-PUBLIC-Botswana-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic-Report.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Kgolo ya itsholelo ya Botswana fa e bapisiwa le mafatshe a mangwe a a mabapi le yone, e agilwe mo motheong wa meepo ya diteemane, melawana e e botlhale ya matlole, le molawana o o kelotlhoko wa dinaga di sele.<ref>{{citation-attribution|{{Cite web|date=May 2002|title=Background Note: Botswana |url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020606143242/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm| archive-date=June 6, 2002 |publisher=[[U.S. Department of State]]}}}}</ref> Itsholelo ya lefatshe la Botswana e ikaegile thata ka go epa diteemane. Meepo ya diteemane e na le seabe mo karolong ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ya lotseno lwa puso bogolosegolo ka tirisanommogo e mo go yone matlhakore ka bobedi a naleng seabe sa karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong le De Beers mo [[:en:Debswana|komponeng ya Diteemane ya Debswana]].<ref>Makoni, Patricia Lindelwa (4 May 2017). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311238609 "Exploring economic structure and drivers of economic growth in Botswana"]. ''Journal of Governance and Regulation''. '''4''': 672–678 &#x2013; via ResearchGate.</ref> Diteemane tse di dirwang mo lefelong la diteko di dirile gore go nne le phokotsego e e bonalang ya tlhokego ya lefatshe ka bophara ya ditaemane tse di epilweng go simolola mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 2020. Phokotso e e bakilweng ke boleng jwaditaemane tse di romelwang kwa ntle e ne ya dira gore Letlole la madi la boditshabtshaba le bonele ko pele gore lefatshe la Botswana le tla nna le tlhaelo ya matlole ya karolo ya lesome le bongwe mo lekgolong, mme lephata la matlole la Botswana le bonele pele kgolo e e sa siamang ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa 2025.<ref>Mguni, Mbongeni; Hill, Matthew (2 September 2025). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2025-09-02/next-africa-diamond-market-crisis-spells-disaster-for-botswana "Botswana Reels as Diamonds Lose Their Sparkle"]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved 21 October 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2020, Botswana e beilwe jaaka lefatshe la boraro le le naleng bonweenwee jo bo ko tlase mo Aforika mo [[:en:Corruption_Perceptions_Index|Tshupaneng ya Dikakanyo tsa Bonweenwee]] ke lekgotla la boditšhabatšhaba la go tlhokomela bonweenwee la [[:en:Transparency_International|Transparency International]]. E na le [[:en:List_of_countries_by_GNI_(PPP)_per_capita|lotseno lwa bone lo lo kwa godimo lwa bosetšhaba ka tlhogo mo maatleng a go reka]] mo Aforika le kwa godimo ga palogare ya lefatshe.<ref>[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.PP.CD?year_high_desc=true "GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)]". ''data.worldbank.org''. World Bank. Retrieved 12 January 2020.</ref> [[:en:Trade_unions_in_Botswana|Mekgatlho ya babereki]] e emetse palo e potlana ya babereki mo itsholelong ya Botswana. Ka kakaretso ke mekgatlho ya badiri e e rulagantsweng ka tsela e e sa gagamalang "ya mo ntlong", le fa [[:en:Botswana_Federation_of_Trade_Unions|Mokgatlho wa Badiri wa Botswana]] (BFTU) o tiisa seabe sa one jaaka [[:en:National_trade_union_centre|setheo se le sengwe fela sa bosetšhaba sa mekgatlho ya badiri mo]] [[:en:National_trade_union_centre|lefatsheng]].<ref>[[:en:International_Centre_for_Trade_Union_Rights|ICTUR]]; et&#x20;al., eds. (2005). ''Trade Unions of the World'' (6th&#x20;ed.). London, UK: John Harper Publishing. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-9543811-5-7|0-9543811-5-7]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20070926013529/http://www.fes.org.bw/Downloads/BFTU%20Globalization%202007.pdf Policy position paper on globalization – 2007]" (PDF). ''Botswana Federation of Trade Unions'': 25. Archived from [http://www.fes.org.bw/Downloads/BFTU%20Globalization%202007.pdf the original] (PDF) on 26 September 2007.</ref> Go ikaega ga Botswana ka [[:en:Mining_industry_of_Botswana|meepo]] go feta selekanyo le seelo se se kwa godimo sa tshwaetsego ya mogare wa [[:en:HIV/AIDS|HIV/AIDS]] (mogolo mongwe le mongwe mo go ba le batlhano diteko tsa gagwe tsa madi di netefatsa gore o nale mogare) le letlhoko la ditiro di ka tshosetsa katlego ya yona ya isago.<ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/botswana-warns-dangers-dash-african-minerals-2023-02-09/ Botswana warns of dangers in dash for African minerals]". ''Reuters''.</ref><ref>[https://www.unicef.org/botswana/hiv "HIV | UNICEF Botswana]". ''www.unicef.org''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> Botswana e nnile naga ya ntlha e e nang le morwalo o mogolo go newa setlankana sa go fitlhelela phitlhelelo e e botlhokwa mo tseleng ya go fedisa phetiso ya mogare wa HIV go tswa mo go mme go ya kwa leseeng ke Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Boitekanelo (WHO).<ref>"[https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/botswana-award-feature Botswana reaches key milestone in the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV]". ''www.who.int''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> == Ditso == [[:en:Agriculture|Temothuo]] e sa ntse e tlamela ka matshelo a le karolo ya masome a supa mo lekgolong ya baagi ba kwa magaeng mme e tlamela fela ka bokana jwa karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ya ditlhokego tsa dijo mme e ne e arabela karolo ya lesome ntlha ya borobabobedi mo lekgolong fela ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng go tloga kangwaga wa 2016.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20180921195852/http://www.economiesafricaines.com/en/countries/botswana/economic-sectors/the-agricultural-sector The agricultural sector in Botswana]". ''Economies Africaines''. Archived from [http://www.economiesafricaines.com/en/countries/botswana/economic-sectors/the-agricultural-sector the original] on 21 September 2018.</ref><ref name=":0">{{citation-attribution|{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Botswana|year=2000|url=http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/bc.html|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001119185100/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/bc.html |archive-date=November 19, 2000 }}}}</ref> [[:en:Subsistence_agriculture|Temothuo ya go itshidisa le ba lelwapa]] le go rua dikgomo ke tsone tse dintsi.<ref name=":0" /> Lekalana le le tshwerwe ke pula e e sa tlhomamang le mebu e e bokoa.<ref name=":0" /> Meepo ya diteemane le bojanala le tsone di botlhokwa mo itsholelong.<ref name=":0" /> Dipeeletso tse dintsi tsa ditswammung di ne tsa fitlhelwa ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970 mme lekalana la meepo le ne la gola go tswa mo karolong ya masome a mabedi le botlhano mo lekgolong ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa 1980 go ya ko karolong a masome a mararo le borobabobedi mo lekgolong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Shepherd on donkey on the move.jpg|thumb|Monna yo o palameng tonki o disa dipodi mo nokeng e e omileng]] Kgolo ya itsholelo e ne ya fokotsega ka ngwaga wa 2005 go fitlha ko ngwageng wa 2008 mme ya fetoga go nna e e sa siamang ka ngwaga wa 2009 ka ntlha ya Kwelotlase e Kgolo ya itsholelo, ya ngotlega ka karolo ya botlhano ntlha pedi mo lekgolong.<ref>[https://www.thelugarcenter.org/assets/htmldocuments/Botswana%20brief%202.12.19_1.pdf "www.thelugarcenter.org]" (PDF).</ref> Se se ne sa gakadiwa ke kwelotlase e kgolo ya lefatshe lotlhe mo lekalaneng la madirelo, le le neng la ngotlega ka karolo ya masome a mararo mo lekgolong,<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20220816000000/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana Botswana]". ''[[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]]'' (2022&#x20;ed.). [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. 16 August 2022.</ref> Kwelotlase e e tseneletseng ya itsholelo ya Botswana e ne e farologana le bontsi jwa ditšhaba tse dingwe tsa Aforika tse di neng tsa itemogela kgolo e e tswelelang mo pakeng eno.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004530/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2003rank.html CIA.gov] see also [[:en:File:GDP_Real_Growth.svg|File:GDP Real Growth.svg]]</ref> == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} == Maranyane a mangwe == * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Botswana/Business_and_Economy/Economic_Development}}DMOZ{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Botswana/Business_and_Economy/Economic_Development}} * [http://www.trademap.org/open_access/Index.aspx?proceed=true&reporter=072 Botswana latest trade data on ITC Trade Map] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080921071451/http://mbendi.co.za/land/af/bo/p0005.htm MBendi Botswana overview] * [http://www.mining-technology.com/projects/debswana/ Debswana mine] st02qvbzouk2rfblhb06b5m1re2t7m0 52771 52763 2026-07-19T15:27:33Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox economy | country = Botswana | year = 21 April - 32 March | image = | image_size = 420px | caption = [[botsswanna in botswannaiTowers of Masa Square CBD|Masa Square Central Business District]] | currency = [[Botswana Pula|Pula]] (BWP, P) | organs = [[African Union|AU]], [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]] (signed), [[Southern African Development Community|SADC]], [[Southern African Customs Union|SACU]], [[World Trade Organization|WTO]] | group = {{plainlist| *[[Developing country|Developing/Emerging]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weoselco.aspx?g=2200&sg=All+countries+%2f+Emerging+market+and+developing+economies |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref> *Upper-middle income economy<ref>{{cite web |url=https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups |title=World Bank Country and Lending Groups |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=datahelpdesk.worldbank.org |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref>}} | population = {{increase}} 2,397,240 (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=BW |title=Population, total - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-date=21 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821123757/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref> | gdp = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} $16.90 billion (nominal, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=26&pr.y=21&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=616&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org | access-date=17 November 2019}}</ref> *{{increase}} $43.907 billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]], 2019 est.)<ref name="2020/01">{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2020 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2020/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=28&pr.y=20&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=616&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CPPPGDP%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref>}} | gdp rank = {{plainlist| *[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|114th (nominal, 2019)]] *[[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|113th (PPP, 2019)]]}} | growth = {{plainlist| *14.5%&nbsp;(2018) 3.0%&nbsp;(2019e) *−5.4%&nbsp;(2020e) 6.8%&nbsp;(2021e)<ref name="2020/01"/>}} | per capita = {{plainlist| *{{decrease}} $7,859 (nominal, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW"/> *{{increase}} $18,558 (PPP, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW"/>}} | per capita rank = {{plainlist| *[[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita|78th (nominal, 2019)]] *[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|75th (PPP, 2018)]]}} | sectors = {{plainlist| *[[agriculture]]: 1.8% *[[Industrial sector|industry]]: 27.5% *[[Tertiary sector of the economy|services]]: 70.6% *(2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ |title=The World Factbook |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |website=CIA.gov |access-date=15 May 2019 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | inflation = 2.1% (2020 est.)<ref name="2020/01"/> | poverty = {{plainlist| *16.3% ({{As of|2016|alt=2016}})<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdb.org/en/countries/southern-africa/botswana/botswana-economic-outlook/|title=Botswana Economic Outlook|date=29 March 2019}}</ref> *60.4% on less than $5.50/day (2015)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.UMIC?locations=BW |title=Poverty headcount ratio at $5.50 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=4 December 2019 |archive-date=27 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127133918/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.UMIC?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | gini = 53.3 {{color|red|high}} (2015)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> | hdi = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} 0.728 {{color|green|high}} (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506 |title=Human Development Index (HDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref> ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|94th]]) *{{steady}} N/A [[List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI|IHDI]] (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-3-inequality-adjusted-human-development-index-ihdi |title=Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref>}} | labor = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} 1,107,235 (2019)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=BW |title=Labor force, total - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> *55.7% employment rate (2013)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.NE.ZS?locations=BW |title=Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate) - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922090025/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.NE.ZS?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | edbr = {{decrease}} [[Ease of doing business index#Ranking|87th (easy, 2020)]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/botswana |title=Ease of Doing Business in Botswana |publisher=Doingbusiness.org |access-date=24 November 2017 }}</ref> | unemployment = 17.7% ({{As of|2017|alt=2017}})<ref name="autogenerated2"/> | industries = [[diamond]]s, [[copper]], [[nickel]], [[salt]], [[soda ash]], [[potash]], [[coal]], [[iron ore]], [[silver]]; [[beef]] processing; [[textiles]] | exports = {{decrease}} $5.934 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | export-goods = [[diamond]]s, [[copper]], [[nickel]], [[soda ash]], [[beef]], [[textiles]] | export-partners = {{plainlist| *{{flag|Belgium}} 20.3% *{{flag|India}} 12.6% *{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} 12.4% *{{flag|South Africa}} 11.9% *{{flag|Singapore}} 8.7% *{{flag|Israel}} 7% *{{flag|Hong Kong}} 4.1% *{{flag|Namibia}} 4.1% *(2017)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | imports = {{decrease}} $5.005 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | import-goods = foodstuffs, [[machinery]], [[electrical]] goods, [[transport]] equipment, [[textiles]], [[fuel]] and [[petroleum]] products, [[wood]] and [[paper]] products, [[metal]] and [[metal]] products | import-partners = {{plainlist| *{{flag|South Africa}} 66.1% *{{flag|Canada}} 8.3% *{{flag|Israel}} 5.3% *(2017)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | current account = {{decrease}} $2.146 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | FDI = {{plainlist| *{{decrease}} $5.319 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> *{{increase}} Abroad: $1.973 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | gross external debt = {{decreasePositive}} $2.187 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | debt = {{decreasePositive}} 21.7% of GDP (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indexmundi.com/es/botsuana/deuda_publica.html|title=Deuda pública - Botsuana - Economía}}</ref> | revenue = 5.305 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | expenses = 5.478 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | balance = −1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | aid = $73 million ({{As of|1995|alt=1995}}) | credit = {{plainlist| *[[Standard & Poor's]]:<ref>{{cite web |title= Sovereigns rating list |publisher=Standard & Poor's |url=http://www.standardandpoors.com/ratings/sovereigns/ratings-list/en/eu/?subSectorCode=39 |access-date=26 May 2011}}</ref> *A (Domestic) *A- (Foreign) *A+ (T&C Assessment)}} | reserves = {{increase}} $7.491 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | cianame = botswana | spelling = }} [[:en:Botswana|Botswana]] o na le [[:en:Developing_country|itsholelo e e tlhabologang]] e e tsewang e le ya lotseno lo lo kwa godimo go ya kwa bogareng. Kgolo ya tiro ya lekalana le e seng la puso e ne e le palogare ya bokana ka karolo ya lesome mo lekgolong ka ngwaga mo dingwageng tsa ntlha di le masome a mararo tsa boipuso jwa lefatshe. Morago ga paka ya go ema hela go sa irege sepe kwa tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa masome a mabedi le bongwe, itsholelo ya [[:en:Botswana|Botswana]] e ne ya kwadisa maemo a a nonofileng a kgolo, ka kgolo ya Palo yotlhe ya dithoro le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng e e neng ya feta dintlha tsa karolo ya borataro go ya kwa bosupeng mo lekgolong. Kgolo ya itsholelo fa e sale ka bofelo jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1960 e ntse e lekana le itsholelo dingwe tse dikgolo tsa lefatshekgolo le le naleng di karolo tsa mafatshe Asia.<ref>Leith, J. Clark (2005). ''[https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt80xfp Why Botswana Prospered]''. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp.&#x20;ix-2. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2820-8|<bdi>978-0-7735-2820-8</bdi>.]] [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt80xfp j.ctt80xfp].</ref> Puso e ntse e tshegetsa lefetiso la tekanyetsokabo ka tlhomamo mme e na le [[:en:Foreign-exchange_reserves|dipolokelo tse dintsi tsa kananyo ya madi a]] [[:en:Foreign-exchange_reserves|mafatshe a sele]].<ref>[http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/489431468012950282/pdf/95304-REPLACEMENT-SCD-P150575-PUBLIC-Botswana-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic-Report.pdf "BOTSWANA: Systematic Country Diagnostic]" (PDF). World Bank Group. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/489431468012950282/pdf/95304-REPLACEMENT-SCD-P150575-PUBLIC-Botswana-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic-Report.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Kgolo ya itsholelo ya Botswana fa e bapisiwa le mafatshe a mangwe a a mabapi le yone, e agilwe mo motheong wa meepo ya diteemane, melawana e e botlhale ya matlole, le molawana o o kelotlhoko wa dinaga di sele.<ref name=":1">{{citation-attribution|{{Cite web|date=May 2002|title=Background Note: Botswana |url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020606143242/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm| archive-date=June 6, 2002 |publisher=[[U.S. Department of State]]}}}}</ref> Itsholelo ya lefatshe la Botswana e ikaegile thata ka go epa diteemane. Meepo ya diteemane e na le seabe mo karolong ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ya lotseno lwa puso bogolosegolo ka tirisanommogo e mo go yone matlhakore ka bobedi a naleng seabe sa karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong le De Beers mo [[:en:Debswana|komponeng ya Diteemane ya Debswana]].<ref>Makoni, Patricia Lindelwa (4 May 2017). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311238609 "Exploring economic structure and drivers of economic growth in Botswana"]. ''Journal of Governance and Regulation''. '''4''': 672–678 &#x2013; via ResearchGate.</ref> Diteemane tse di dirwang mo lefelong la diteko di dirile gore go nne le phokotsego e e bonalang ya tlhokego ya lefatshe ka bophara ya ditaemane tse di epilweng go simolola mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 2020. Phokotso e e bakilweng ke boleng jwaditaemane tse di romelwang kwa ntle e ne ya dira gore Letlole la madi la boditshabtshaba le bonele ko pele gore lefatshe la Botswana le tla nna le tlhaelo ya matlole ya karolo ya lesome le bongwe mo lekgolong, mme lephata la matlole la Botswana le bonele pele kgolo e e sa siamang ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa 2025.<ref>Mguni, Mbongeni; Hill, Matthew (2 September 2025). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2025-09-02/next-africa-diamond-market-crisis-spells-disaster-for-botswana "Botswana Reels as Diamonds Lose Their Sparkle"]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved 21 October 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2020, Botswana e beilwe jaaka lefatshe la boraro le le naleng bonweenwee jo bo ko tlase mo Aforika mo [[:en:Corruption_Perceptions_Index|Tshupaneng ya Dikakanyo tsa Bonweenwee]] ke lekgotla la boditšhabatšhaba la go tlhokomela bonweenwee la [[:en:Transparency_International|Transparency International]]. E na le [[:en:List_of_countries_by_GNI_(PPP)_per_capita|lotseno lwa bone lo lo kwa godimo lwa bosetšhaba ka tlhogo mo maatleng a go reka]] mo Aforika le kwa godimo ga palogare ya lefatshe.<ref>[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.PP.CD?year_high_desc=true "GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)]". ''data.worldbank.org''. World Bank. Retrieved 12 January 2020.</ref> [[:en:Trade_unions_in_Botswana|Mekgatlho ya babereki]] e emetse palo e potlana ya babereki mo itsholelong ya Botswana. Ka kakaretso ke mekgatlho ya badiri e e rulagantsweng ka tsela e e sa gagamalang "ya mo ntlong", le fa [[:en:Botswana_Federation_of_Trade_Unions|Mokgatlho wa Badiri wa Botswana]] (BFTU) o tiisa seabe sa one jaaka [[:en:National_trade_union_centre|setheo se le sengwe fela sa bosetšhaba sa mekgatlho ya badiri mo]] [[:en:National_trade_union_centre|lefatsheng]].<ref>[[:en:International_Centre_for_Trade_Union_Rights|ICTUR]]; et&#x20;al., eds. (2005). ''Trade Unions of the World'' (6th&#x20;ed.). London, UK: John Harper Publishing. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-9543811-5-7|0-9543811-5-7]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20070926013529/http://www.fes.org.bw/Downloads/BFTU%20Globalization%202007.pdf Policy position paper on globalization – 2007]" (PDF). ''Botswana Federation of Trade Unions'': 25. Archived from [http://www.fes.org.bw/Downloads/BFTU%20Globalization%202007.pdf the original] (PDF) on 26 September 2007.</ref> Go ikaega ga Botswana ka [[:en:Mining_industry_of_Botswana|meepo]] go feta selekanyo le seelo se se kwa godimo sa tshwaetsego ya mogare wa [[:en:HIV/AIDS|HIV/AIDS]] (mogolo mongwe le mongwe mo go ba le batlhano diteko tsa gagwe tsa madi di netefatsa gore o nale mogare) le letlhoko la ditiro di ka tshosetsa katlego ya yona ya isago.<ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/botswana-warns-dangers-dash-african-minerals-2023-02-09/ Botswana warns of dangers in dash for African minerals]". ''Reuters''.</ref><ref>[https://www.unicef.org/botswana/hiv "HIV | UNICEF Botswana]". ''www.unicef.org''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> Botswana e nnile naga ya ntlha e e nang le morwalo o mogolo go newa setlankana sa go fitlhelela phitlhelelo e e botlhokwa mo tseleng ya go fedisa phetiso ya mogare wa HIV go tswa mo go mme go ya kwa leseeng ke Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Boitekanelo (WHO).<ref>"[https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/botswana-award-feature Botswana reaches key milestone in the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV]". ''www.who.int''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> == Ditso == [[:en:Agriculture|Temothuo]] e sa ntse e tlamela ka matshelo a le karolo ya masome a supa mo lekgolong ya baagi ba kwa magaeng mme e tlamela fela ka bokana jwa karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ya ditlhokego tsa dijo mme e ne e arabela karolo ya lesome ntlha ya borobabobedi mo lekgolong fela ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng go tloga kangwaga wa 2016.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20180921195852/http://www.economiesafricaines.com/en/countries/botswana/economic-sectors/the-agricultural-sector The agricultural sector in Botswana]". ''Economies Africaines''. Archived from [http://www.economiesafricaines.com/en/countries/botswana/economic-sectors/the-agricultural-sector the original] on 21 September 2018.</ref><ref name=":0">{{citation-attribution|{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Botswana|year=2000|url=http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/bc.html|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001119185100/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/bc.html |archive-date=November 19, 2000 }}}}</ref> [[:en:Subsistence_agriculture|Temothuo ya go itshidisa le ba lelwapa]] le go rua dikgomo ke tsone tse dintsi.<ref name=":0" /> Lekalana le le tshwerwe ke pula e e sa tlhomamang le mebu e e bokoa.<ref name=":0" /> Meepo ya diteemane le bojanala le tsone di botlhokwa mo itsholelong.<ref name=":0" /> Dipeeletso tse dintsi tsa ditswammung di ne tsa fitlhelwa ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970 mme lekalana la meepo le ne la gola go tswa mo karolong ya masome a mabedi le botlhano mo lekgolong ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa 1980 go ya ko karolong a masome a mararo le borobabobedi mo lekgolong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Shepherd on donkey on the move.jpg|thumb|Monna yo o palameng tonki o disa dipodi mo nokeng e e omileng]] Kgolo ya itsholelo e ne ya fokotsega ka ngwaga wa 2005 go fitlha ko ngwageng wa 2008 mme ya fetoga go nna e e sa siamang ka ngwaga wa 2009 ka ntlha ya Kwelotlase e Kgolo ya itsholelo, ya ngotlega ka karolo ya botlhano ntlha pedi mo lekgolong.<ref>[https://www.thelugarcenter.org/assets/htmldocuments/Botswana%20brief%202.12.19_1.pdf "www.thelugarcenter.org]" (PDF).</ref> Se se ne sa gakadiwa ke kwelotlase e kgolo ya lefatshe lotlhe mo lekalaneng la madirelo, le le neng la ngotlega ka karolo ya masome a mararo mo lekgolong,<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20220816000000/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana Botswana]". ''[[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]]'' (2022&#x20;ed.). [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. 16 August 2022.</ref> Kwelotlase e e tseneletseng ya itsholelo ya Botswana e ne e farologana le bontsi jwa ditšhaba tse dingwe tsa Aforika tse di neng tsa itemogela kgolo e e tswelelang mo pakeng eno.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004530/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2003rank.html CIA.gov] see also [[:en:File:GDP_Real_Growth.svg|File:GDP Real Growth.svg]]</ref> == Mokgwa wa itsholelo e kgolo == === Ditshupo tsa konokono === Tafole ya lenaneo e e latelang e supa ditshupo tsa konokono tsa itsholelo ka ngwaga wa1980 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2026. Koketsego ya ditlhwatlhwa e e kwa tlase ga karolo ya botlhano mo lekgolong e supiwa ka botala jwa tlhaga.<ref>"[https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/BWA Botswana]". ''www.imf.org''. Retrieved 5 May 2026.</ref> == Kgwebo ka go reka le go rekisa dithoto == [[Setshwantsho:Botswana rail network map.svg|thumb|Setshwantso sa mafaratlhatlha sa diterena tsa Botswana]] [[Setshwantsho:Gaborone Main Mall road.jpg|thumb|Tsela mo [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]]]] Botswana o kgabaganngwa ke tsela ya dikoloi e e kgabaganyang Aforika - [[:en:Cairo-Cape_Town_Highway|Tselakgolo ya Cairo-Cape Town]] le [[:en:Trans-Kalahari_Corridor|tsela ya dipalangwa ya go kgabaganya Kalahari]]. Botswana ke karolo ya Kopano ya Melelwane ya Borwa jwa Aforika ([[:en:SACU|SACU]]) le mafatshe a Aforika Borwa, Lesotho, Eswatini, le Namibia. [[:en:World_Bank|Banka ya Lefatshe]] [[:en:World_Bank|lotlhe]] e bega gore ka ngwaga wa 2001 (ngwaga wa bošeng jaana o tshedimosetso ya Banka ya Lefatshe lotlhe e leng teng), SACU e ne e na le palogare e e [[:en:Common_external_tariff|bokete ya seelo sa dituediso]] tse di tlwaelegileng tsa kwa ntle sa karolo ya boraro ntlha ya borataro mo lekgolong. Go ya ka [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Commerce|Lephata la Kgwebo la lefatshe la U.S]]., "go na le dikgoreletsi di le mmalwa fela tsa dituediso kgotsa tse e seng tsa dituediso tsa go gweba le Botswana, kwa ntle ga dithibelo tsa go fiwa di tetla tsa ditiro dingwe tsa kgwebo, tse di beetsweng di kompone tsa [Botswana] fela." Go ikaegilwe ka mokgwa o o tlhabolotsweng wa ntlha ya kgwebisano, maduo a melawana ya kgwebisano ya Botswana ga a fetoge.<ref>{{unfit|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081216102841/http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/country.cfm?id=Botswana Botswana and WTO]}}</ref> Thomelo ya kwa ntle e kgolo ya lefatshe la Botswana ke ditaemane.<ref>"[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-market-overview Botswana - Market Overview]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2024 ke lefatshe la thomelo ya kwa ntle ya bobedi mo lefatsheng ya ditaemane.<ref>[https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/highest-diamond-producing-countries-2024/ "Highest Diamond Producing Countries 2024]". ''GeeksforGeeks''. 14 February 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Ka ntlha ya go ikaega thata ga lefatshe la Botswana ka diteemane, tlhokego e e maatla ya lefatshe ka bophara e botlhokwa mo boitekanelong jwa itsholelo.<ref>Ben-Zvi, Gidon (21 December 2023). [https://rapaport.com/analysis/a-new-dawn-for-the-botswana-diamond-industry/ "A New Dawn for the Botswana Diamond Industry"]. ''Rapaport''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Thomelo kwa ntle ya teemane e tlamela itsholelo ya lefatshe la Botswana ka tlamelo e e nonofileng ya madi a boditšhaba mme di neetse motheo wa tlhabololo ya madirelo le go tlhotlheletsa ditokafatso mo mafaratlhatlheng a lefatshe la Botswana.<ref>"[https://www.diamondfacts.org/infrastructure-development/ Infrastructure Development]". ''Diamond Facts''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa di na le seabe se segolo mo itsholelong ya Botswana, go na le matshwenyego a gore meepo ya diteemane ga e tlhoke badiri ba le bantsi go ka tlamela ka tiro e e lekaneng ya badiri ba Botswana, mme go sa tshwane mo go ne go umakilwe jaaka ntlha ya seelo se se kwa godimo sa letlhoko la ditiro mo lefatsheng.<ref>Guest, Peter (3 December 2015). [https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/03/africa/botswana-diamonds-jwaneng/index.html "Inside the world's richest diamond mine"]. CNN. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref><ref>"[http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details.php?nid=4811 Outlook for 2018 robust]". ''The Weekend Post''. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> == Meepo == ''Setlhogo sa konokono: [[:en:Mining_in_Botswana|Meepo mo Botswana]]'' Dikompone tse pedi tse dikgolo tsa meepo, [[:en:Debswana|Debswana]] (tse di bopilweng ke puso le [[:en:De_Beers|De Beers]] ya Aforika Borwa ka tirisanommogo e e lekanang) le Bamangwato Concessions, Ltd. (BCL, le yone e na le seabe se segolo sa tekatekano ya puso) di dira mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /> BCL e ne ya bewa mo tshekatshekong ya nakwana kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2016, morago ga dingwaga tsa ditiro tse di dirang ditatlhegelo, mme e ne ya bewa mo tshekatshekong ya bofelo ke Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa 2017.<ref>Rearabilwe Ramaphane (26 April 2017). [http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details.php?nid=3402 "Liquidator certifies BCL dead!]". ''Weekend Post''.</ref> === Ditaemane le majana a mangwe === [[Setshwantsho:Jwaneng Open Mine.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Jwaneng_diamond_mine|Moepo wa teemane wa Jwaneng]] ke wa bobedi mo lefatsheng la gompieno<ref>Groot, Robert (30 September 2022). [https://www.royalcoster.com/blogs/craftmanship/top-10-biggest-diamond-mines "Top 10 Biggest Diamond Mines"]. ''Royal Coster Diamonds''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref>]] Go tloga ka tshimologo ya dingwaga tsa bo 1980, lefatshe le le nnile nngwe ya mafatshe a a tlhagisang ditaemane tsa maje a a tlhokegang thata mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-mining-minerals "Botswana - Mining & Minerals]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Meepo e megolo ya teemane e le borobabobedi e butswe fa e sale Botswana e bona boipuso.<ref>[https://minedocs.com/20/DTC_Botswana_Global_Publications_Journey_Botswanas_Diamonds.pdf "minedocs.com/20/DTC_Botswana_Global_Publications_Journey_Botswanas_Diamonds.pdf"] (PDF). ''Minedocs.com''. p.&#x20;2.</ref> Babatli ba De Beers ba ribolotse di teemane kwa bokone jwa Botswana mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo 1970.<ref name=":1" /> Moepo wa ntlha o ne wa simolola go dira kwa lefelong la [[:en:Orapa_diamond_mine|Orapa]] ka ngwaga wa 1972, mme wa latelwa ke moepo o monnye kwa lefelong la [[:en:Letlhakane_diamond_mine|Letlhakane]].<ref name=":1" /> Se se fetogileng moepo o le mongwe o o humileng go gaisa wa di teemane mo lefatsheng o ne wa bulwa kwa lefelong la [[:en:Jwaneng_diamond_mine|Jwaneng]] ka ngwaga wa 1982.<ref name=":1" /> Moepo o ne wa bonwa fa metlhwa e e neng di batla metsi e ne e tlisa ditlhaka tsa teemane mo godimo ga metsi.<ref>''Botswana Business Law Handbook Strategic Information and Laws''. USA International Business Publications. Intl Business Pubns USA. 2012. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-6945-5|978-1-4387-6945-5]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/746835808 746835808].</ref> Botswana e tlhagisitse palo yotlhe ya di karate di le didikadike tse masome a mabedi le bone tsa di teemane go tswa kwa Debswana ka ngwaga wa 2022,<ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/botswana-president-insists-bigger-share-diamonds-de-beers-venture-2023-05-25/#:~:text=L)%20%2C%20opens%20new%20tab%2C,of%20the%20De%20Beers%20system. Botswana president insists on bigger share of diamonds from De Beers venture]". ''Reuters''. 25 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> mme ke yone e e tlhagisang di teemane go gaisa tsotlhe ka boleng mo lefatsheng go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2023.<ref>"[https://www.visualcapitalist.com/cp/world-diamond-mining-by-country/ Ranked: The World's Top Diamond Mining Countries, by Carats]". ''Visual Capitalist''. 29 September 2023.</ref>Katoloso ya Orapa 2000 ya moepo o o leng teng wa Orapa e ne ya bulwa ka ngwaga wa 2000.<ref name=":1" /> Go ya ka Debswana, lenaneo la Katoloso ya Orapa 2000 le oketsa dipoelo tsa ngwaga le ngwaga tsa moepo wa Orapa go tswa go dikarate di le didikadike di le thataro go ya go dikarate di le didikadike di le lesome le bobedi mme ya tlhatlosa tlhagiso yotlhe go ya go dikarate di le didikadike di le masome a mabedi le borataro.<ref>[http://www.debswana.com/About-Us/Pages/Our-History.aspx "Our History]". Debswana. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2003, Debswana e ne ya bula [[:en:Damtshaa_diamond_mine|moepo wa teemane wa Damtshaa]] o o neng o le dikilometara di ka nna makgolo a le mabedi le bobedi (seele sa maele wa lekgolo le masome a mane) kwa bophirima jwa toropokgolo ya [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]]. Moepo o ne wa bewa mo tlhokomelong le pabalelong ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2015 ka ntlha ya tlhokego e e bokoa ya lefatshe mme go ne go rulagantswe gore o bulwe gape ka kgwedi ya Firikgong k ngwaga wa 2018.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20180714032932/http://www.debeersgroup.com/botswana/en/who-we-are/de-beers-in-botswana/debswana/damtshaa.html Damtshaa – Debswana's newest mine]". De Beers Group. Archived from [http://www.debeersgroup.com/botswana/en/who-we-are/de-beers-in-botswana/debswana/damtshaa.html the original] on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref><ref>"[http://www.diamonds.net/News/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=59486&ArticleTitle=De+Beers+to+Resurrect+Damtshaa+Mine De Beers to Resurrect Damtshaa Mine]". Rapaport News. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2008, Kompone ya Ditaemane ya lefatshe la Australia ya Kimberley e ne ya bula moepo kwa lefelong la [[:en:Lerala|Lerala]], e le moepo wa botlhano mo Botswana e bile e le wa ntlha o o sa tsamaisiweng ke Debswana.<ref>"[http://www.abnnewswire.net/press/en/44155/DIAMONEX-LIMITED.html Diamonex Limited Acquires Kimberlite Pipes in USA]". ABN Newswire. Retrieved 20 January 2008.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, lefelo la Kimberley le ne la tswala moepo ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa 2017, a umaka maemo a a bokoa a mmaraka.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20170605021400/http://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFKBN18S4Z4-OZABS Botswana Lerala Diamond Mine shuts down – newspaper]". Reuters Africa. Archived from [https://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFKBN18S4Z4-OZABS the original] on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Bontsi jwa motlakase wa lefatshe la Botswana o tswa kwa [[:en:Eskom|Eskom]] ya lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>"[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-energy Botswana - Energy]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Debswana e tsamaisa Moepo wa [[:en:Morupule_Colliery|Malatlha a Morupule]] o o gaufi go e tlamela ka magala.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060217023857/http://www.miningweekly.co.za/min/sector/coal/?show=75117 "Creamer Media's Mining Weekly Online, South African Mining News :: Coal]". Archived from [http://www.miningweekly.co.za/min/sector/coal/?show%3D75117 the original] on 17 February 2006. Retrieved 5 May 2016.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana e rometse kwa ntle motlakase wa boleng jwa dikete di le tharo le lekgolo le masome a mabedi ( e leng di dollara dile tharo le ntlha e nngwe le bobedi) go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2021 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2022, otlhe o ya kwa lefatsheng la Zimbabwe.<ref>"[https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/electricity/reporter/bwa Electricity in Botswana]". ''The Observatory of Economic Complexity''. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Mo tshimologong ya ngwaga wa 2008, kgaolo yotlhe ya borwa jwa Aforika e ne ya amiwa thata ke tlhaelo e kgolo ya maatla, ga e sale kgaolo e dira go abelana metswedi ya yone ya maatla ka [[:en:Southern_African_Power_Pool|Southern African Power Pool,]] ka bontsi jwa bokgoni jwa yone bo tswa kwa lefatsheng la Aforika Borwa. Lefatshe la Botswana le lone le beile maano a go nna maromela kwa ntle wa motlakase kwa letangwaneng la kgaolo, ka katoloso ya puso ya seteišene sa motlakase sa Morupule, mmogo le go rotloetsa dipeeletso tse e seng tsa puso ka sebopego sa seteišene sa motlakase sa di-gigawatt di le nne ke kompone ya lefatshe la Canada ya CIC Energy. Ka ngwaga wa 2012, CIC Energy e ne ya bonwa ke [[:en:Jindal_Steel_and_Power|Tshipi le Motlakase tsa Jindal]] tsa lefatshe la India. Ga jaana Jindal Africa e ikaeletse go dira meepo e le meraro ya fa godimo ga lefatshe mo mafelong a magala a [[:en:Mmamabula|Mmamabula]], mmogo le setlamo sa motlakase. Go ya ka kompone, "tlhabololo ya moepo e tla fitlhelela ditlhokego tsa diteišene tsa motlakase tsa maatla a motlakase makgolo a marataro le mebaraka ya magala a kgaolo ya thomelo kwa ntle, ka bokgoni jwa go thapa batho ba feta dikete tse pedi."<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230521201948/https://www.jindalafrica.com/countries/botswana/botswana-overview Botswana Overview]". Jindal Africa. Archived from [http://www.jindalafrica.com/countries/botswana/botswana-overview the original] on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref><ref>"[https://www.globalmethane.org/documents/toolsres_coal_overview_ch3.pdf Botswana]" (PDF). Global Methane Initiative. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111009103709/http://www.globalmethane.org/documents/toolsres_coal_overview_ch3.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana gape o tlhagisa [[:en:Soda_ash|molora wa soda]] ka Botash, e leng kgwebo e e kopanetsweng magareng ga puso le Setlhopha sa Chlor-Alkali Holdings (CAH) sa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa. Botash e ntse e dira kwa [[:en:Sua_Pan|Letsheng la Sua]] kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa lefatshe la Botswana fa e sale ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 1991.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20201202065435/https://botash.bw/company-history/ Company History]". Botash. Archived from [http://www.botash.bw/company-history/ the original] on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> == Bojanala == ''Pego ya konokono: [[:en:Tourism_in_Botswana|Bojanala mo Botswana]]'' Bojanala ke madirelo a a ntseng a nna botlhokwa thata mo lefatsheng la Botswana, a a dirang mo e ka nnang karolo ya lesome le boraro ntlha nngwe mo lekgolong ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa 2019.<ref>"[https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210209005667/en/Botswana-Tourism-Industry-Report-2021---ResearchAndMarkets.com Botswana Tourism Industry Report 2021 - ResearchAndMarkets.com]". ''www.businesswire.com''. 9 February 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref>Le fa go ntse jalo, Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2024, go ne ga begwa gore e ne e le kwa tlase ga karolo ya lesome mo lekgolong .<ref>[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-travel-and-tourism "Botswana - Travel and Tourism]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Nngwe ya dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tse di kgethegileng mo lefatsheng, e leng [[:en:Okavango_Delta|Lefelo la noka e phatlhallang la Okavango]] , e mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":1" /> Lefatshe le fa tshono ya go lebelela diphologolo le go bona dinonyane kwa lefelong la noka e phatlhallang le kwa [[:en:Chobe_National_Park|Lefelong la diphologolo la Setshaba la Chobe]] —e e leng legae la nngwe ya metlhape e megolo thata ya ditlou tse di tsamayang ka kgololesego mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /> Lefelo la lefatshe la Botswana la [[:en:Central_Kalahari_Game_Reserve|legae la diphologolo le le mo bogareng jwa Kalahari]] gape le na le tshono ya go lebelela diphologolo le dingwe tsa naga tse di kgakala le tse di sa senngwang mo borwa jwa Aforika.<ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} == Maranyane a mangwe == * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Botswana/Business_and_Economy/Economic_Development}}DMOZ{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Botswana/Business_and_Economy/Economic_Development}} * [http://www.trademap.org/open_access/Index.aspx?proceed=true&reporter=072 Botswana latest trade data on ITC Trade Map] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080921071451/http://mbendi.co.za/land/af/bo/p0005.htm MBendi Botswana overview] * [http://www.mining-technology.com/projects/debswana/ Debswana mine] b5vkfxxk8f18cpt7268ipdb6lipa1n9 52787 52771 2026-07-19T20:21:20Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox economy | country = Botswana | year = 21 April - 32 March | image = | image_size = 420px | caption = [[botsswanna in botswannaiTowers of Masa Square CBD|Masa Square Central Business District]] | currency = [[Botswana Pula|Pula]] (BWP, P) | organs = [[African Union|AU]], [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]] (signed), [[Southern African Development Community|SADC]], [[Southern African Customs Union|SACU]], [[World Trade Organization|WTO]] | group = {{plainlist| *[[Developing country|Developing/Emerging]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weoselco.aspx?g=2200&sg=All+countries+%2f+Emerging+market+and+developing+economies |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref> *Upper-middle income economy<ref>{{cite web |url=https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups |title=World Bank Country and Lending Groups |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=datahelpdesk.worldbank.org |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref>}} | population = {{increase}} 2,397,240 (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=BW |title=Population, total - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-date=21 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821123757/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref> | gdp = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} $16.90 billion (nominal, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=26&pr.y=21&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=616&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org | access-date=17 November 2019}}</ref> *{{increase}} $43.907 billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]], 2019 est.)<ref name="2020/01">{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2020 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2020/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=28&pr.y=20&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=616&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CPPPGDP%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref>}} | gdp rank = {{plainlist| *[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|114th (nominal, 2019)]] *[[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|113th (PPP, 2019)]]}} | growth = {{plainlist| *14.5%&nbsp;(2018) 3.0%&nbsp;(2019e) *−5.4%&nbsp;(2020e) 6.8%&nbsp;(2021e)<ref name="2020/01"/>}} | per capita = {{plainlist| *{{decrease}} $7,859 (nominal, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW"/> *{{increase}} $18,558 (PPP, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW"/>}} | per capita rank = {{plainlist| *[[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita|78th (nominal, 2019)]] *[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|75th (PPP, 2018)]]}} | sectors = {{plainlist| *[[agriculture]]: 1.8% *[[Industrial sector|industry]]: 27.5% *[[Tertiary sector of the economy|services]]: 70.6% *(2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ |title=The World Factbook |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |website=CIA.gov |access-date=15 May 2019 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | inflation = 2.1% (2020 est.)<ref name="2020/01"/> | poverty = {{plainlist| *16.3% ({{As of|2016|alt=2016}})<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdb.org/en/countries/southern-africa/botswana/botswana-economic-outlook/|title=Botswana Economic Outlook|date=29 March 2019}}</ref> *60.4% on less than $5.50/day (2015)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.UMIC?locations=BW |title=Poverty headcount ratio at $5.50 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=4 December 2019 |archive-date=27 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127133918/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.UMIC?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | gini = 53.3 {{color|red|high}} (2015)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> | hdi = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} 0.728 {{color|green|high}} (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506 |title=Human Development Index (HDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref> ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|94th]]) *{{steady}} N/A [[List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI|IHDI]] (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-3-inequality-adjusted-human-development-index-ihdi |title=Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref>}} | labor = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} 1,107,235 (2019)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=BW |title=Labor force, total - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> *55.7% employment rate (2013)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.NE.ZS?locations=BW |title=Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate) - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922090025/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.NE.ZS?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | edbr = {{decrease}} [[Ease of doing business index#Ranking|87th (easy, 2020)]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/botswana |title=Ease of Doing Business in Botswana |publisher=Doingbusiness.org |access-date=24 November 2017 }}</ref> | unemployment = 17.7% ({{As of|2017|alt=2017}})<ref name="autogenerated2"/> | industries = [[diamond]]s, [[copper]], [[nickel]], [[salt]], [[soda ash]], [[potash]], [[coal]], [[iron ore]], [[silver]]; [[beef]] processing; [[textiles]] | exports = {{decrease}} $5.934 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | export-goods = [[diamond]]s, [[copper]], [[nickel]], [[soda ash]], [[beef]], [[textiles]] | export-partners = {{plainlist| *{{flag|Belgium}} 20.3% *{{flag|India}} 12.6% *{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} 12.4% *{{flag|South Africa}} 11.9% *{{flag|Singapore}} 8.7% *{{flag|Israel}} 7% *{{flag|Hong Kong}} 4.1% *{{flag|Namibia}} 4.1% *(2017)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | imports = {{decrease}} $5.005 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | import-goods = foodstuffs, [[machinery]], [[electrical]] goods, [[transport]] equipment, [[textiles]], [[fuel]] and [[petroleum]] products, [[wood]] and [[paper]] products, [[metal]] and [[metal]] products | import-partners = {{plainlist| *{{flag|South Africa}} 66.1% *{{flag|Canada}} 8.3% *{{flag|Israel}} 5.3% *(2017)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | current account = {{decrease}} $2.146 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | FDI = {{plainlist| *{{decrease}} $5.319 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> *{{increase}} Abroad: $1.973 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | gross external debt = {{decreasePositive}} $2.187 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | debt = {{decreasePositive}} 21.7% of GDP (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indexmundi.com/es/botsuana/deuda_publica.html|title=Deuda pública - Botsuana - Economía}}</ref> | revenue = 5.305 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | expenses = 5.478 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | balance = −1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | aid = $73 million ({{As of|1995|alt=1995}}) | credit = {{plainlist| *[[Standard & Poor's]]:<ref>{{cite web |title= Sovereigns rating list |publisher=Standard & Poor's |url=http://www.standardandpoors.com/ratings/sovereigns/ratings-list/en/eu/?subSectorCode=39 |access-date=26 May 2011}}</ref> *A (Domestic) *A- (Foreign) *A+ (T&C Assessment)}} | reserves = {{increase}} $7.491 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | cianame = botswana | spelling = }} [[:en:Botswana|Botswana]] o na le [[:en:Developing_country|itsholelo e e tlhabologang]] e e tsewang e le ya lotseno lo lo kwa godimo go ya kwa bogareng. Kgolo ya tiro ya lekalana le e seng la puso e ne e le palogare ya bokana ka karolo ya lesome mo lekgolong ka ngwaga mo dingwageng tsa ntlha di le masome a mararo tsa boipuso jwa lefatshe. Morago ga paka ya go ema hela go sa irege sepe kwa tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa masome a mabedi le bongwe, itsholelo ya [[:en:Botswana|Botswana]] e ne ya kwadisa maemo a a nonofileng a kgolo, ka kgolo ya Palo yotlhe ya dithoro le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng e e neng ya feta dintlha tsa karolo ya borataro go ya kwa bosupeng mo lekgolong. Kgolo ya itsholelo fa e sale ka bofelo jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1960 e ntse e lekana le itsholelo dingwe tse dikgolo tsa lefatshekgolo le le naleng di karolo tsa mafatshe Asia.<ref>Leith, J. Clark (2005). ''[https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt80xfp Why Botswana Prospered]''. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp.&#x20;ix-2. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2820-8|<bdi>978-0-7735-2820-8</bdi>.]] [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt80xfp j.ctt80xfp].</ref> Puso e ntse e tshegetsa lefetiso la tekanyetsokabo ka tlhomamo mme e na le [[:en:Foreign-exchange_reserves|dipolokelo tse dintsi tsa kananyo ya madi a]] [[:en:Foreign-exchange_reserves|mafatshe a sele]].<ref>[http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/489431468012950282/pdf/95304-REPLACEMENT-SCD-P150575-PUBLIC-Botswana-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic-Report.pdf "BOTSWANA: Systematic Country Diagnostic]" (PDF). World Bank Group. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/489431468012950282/pdf/95304-REPLACEMENT-SCD-P150575-PUBLIC-Botswana-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic-Report.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Kgolo ya itsholelo ya Botswana fa e bapisiwa le mafatshe a mangwe a a mabapi le yone, e agilwe mo motheong wa meepo ya diteemane, melawana e e botlhale ya matlole, le molawana o o kelotlhoko wa dinaga di sele.<ref name=":1">{{citation-attribution|{{Cite web|date=May 2002|title=Background Note: Botswana |url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020606143242/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm| archive-date=June 6, 2002 |publisher=[[U.S. Department of State]]}}}}</ref> Itsholelo ya lefatshe la Botswana e ikaegile thata ka go epa diteemane. Meepo ya diteemane e na le seabe mo karolong ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ya lotseno lwa puso bogolosegolo ka tirisanommogo e mo go yone matlhakore ka bobedi a naleng seabe sa karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong le De Beers mo [[:en:Debswana|komponeng ya Diteemane ya Debswana]].<ref>Makoni, Patricia Lindelwa (4 May 2017). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311238609 "Exploring economic structure and drivers of economic growth in Botswana"]. ''Journal of Governance and Regulation''. '''4''': 672–678 &#x2013; via ResearchGate.</ref> Diteemane tse di dirwang mo lefelong la diteko di dirile gore go nne le phokotsego e e bonalang ya tlhokego ya lefatshe ka bophara ya ditaemane tse di epilweng go simolola mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 2020. Phokotso e e bakilweng ke boleng jwaditaemane tse di romelwang kwa ntle e ne ya dira gore Letlole la madi la boditshabtshaba le bonele ko pele gore lefatshe la Botswana le tla nna le tlhaelo ya matlole ya karolo ya lesome le bongwe mo lekgolong, mme lephata la matlole la Botswana le bonele pele kgolo e e sa siamang ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa 2025.<ref>Mguni, Mbongeni; Hill, Matthew (2 September 2025). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2025-09-02/next-africa-diamond-market-crisis-spells-disaster-for-botswana "Botswana Reels as Diamonds Lose Their Sparkle"]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved 21 October 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2020, Botswana e beilwe jaaka lefatshe la boraro le le naleng bonweenwee jo bo ko tlase mo Aforika mo [[:en:Corruption_Perceptions_Index|Tshupaneng ya Dikakanyo tsa Bonweenwee]] ke lekgotla la boditšhabatšhaba la go tlhokomela bonweenwee la [[:en:Transparency_International|Transparency International]]. E na le [[:en:List_of_countries_by_GNI_(PPP)_per_capita|lotseno lwa bone lo lo kwa godimo lwa bosetšhaba ka tlhogo mo maatleng a go reka]] mo Aforika le kwa godimo ga palogare ya lefatshe.<ref>[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.PP.CD?year_high_desc=true "GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)]". ''data.worldbank.org''. World Bank. Retrieved 12 January 2020.</ref> [[:en:Trade_unions_in_Botswana|Mekgatlho ya babereki]] e emetse palo e potlana ya babereki mo itsholelong ya Botswana. Ka kakaretso ke mekgatlho ya badiri e e rulagantsweng ka tsela e e sa gagamalang "ya mo ntlong", le fa [[:en:Botswana_Federation_of_Trade_Unions|Mokgatlho wa Badiri wa Botswana]] (BFTU) o tiisa seabe sa one jaaka [[:en:National_trade_union_centre|setheo se le sengwe fela sa bosetšhaba sa mekgatlho ya badiri mo]] [[:en:National_trade_union_centre|lefatsheng]].<ref>[[:en:International_Centre_for_Trade_Union_Rights|ICTUR]]; et&#x20;al., eds. (2005). ''Trade Unions of the World'' (6th&#x20;ed.). London, UK: John Harper Publishing. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-9543811-5-7|0-9543811-5-7]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20070926013529/http://www.fes.org.bw/Downloads/BFTU%20Globalization%202007.pdf Policy position paper on globalization – 2007]" (PDF). ''Botswana Federation of Trade Unions'': 25. Archived from [http://www.fes.org.bw/Downloads/BFTU%20Globalization%202007.pdf the original] (PDF) on 26 September 2007.</ref> Go ikaega ga Botswana ka [[:en:Mining_industry_of_Botswana|meepo]] go feta selekanyo le seelo se se kwa godimo sa tshwaetsego ya mogare wa [[:en:HIV/AIDS|HIV/AIDS]] (mogolo mongwe le mongwe mo go ba le batlhano diteko tsa gagwe tsa madi di netefatsa gore o nale mogare) le letlhoko la ditiro di ka tshosetsa katlego ya yona ya isago.<ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/botswana-warns-dangers-dash-african-minerals-2023-02-09/ Botswana warns of dangers in dash for African minerals]". ''Reuters''.</ref><ref>[https://www.unicef.org/botswana/hiv "HIV | UNICEF Botswana]". ''www.unicef.org''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> Botswana e nnile naga ya ntlha e e nang le morwalo o mogolo go newa setlankana sa go fitlhelela phitlhelelo e e botlhokwa mo tseleng ya go fedisa phetiso ya mogare wa HIV go tswa mo go mme go ya kwa leseeng ke Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Boitekanelo (WHO).<ref>"[https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/botswana-award-feature Botswana reaches key milestone in the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV]". ''www.who.int''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> == Ditso == [[:en:Agriculture|Temothuo]] e sa ntse e tlamela ka matshelo a le karolo ya masome a supa mo lekgolong ya baagi ba kwa magaeng mme e tlamela fela ka bokana jwa karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ya ditlhokego tsa dijo mme e ne e arabela karolo ya lesome ntlha ya borobabobedi mo lekgolong fela ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng go tloga kangwaga wa 2016.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20180921195852/http://www.economiesafricaines.com/en/countries/botswana/economic-sectors/the-agricultural-sector The agricultural sector in Botswana]". ''Economies Africaines''. Archived from [http://www.economiesafricaines.com/en/countries/botswana/economic-sectors/the-agricultural-sector the original] on 21 September 2018.</ref><ref name=":0">{{citation-attribution|{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Botswana|year=2000|url=http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/bc.html|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001119185100/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/bc.html |archive-date=November 19, 2000 }}}}</ref> [[:en:Subsistence_agriculture|Temothuo ya go itshidisa le ba lelwapa]] le go rua dikgomo ke tsone tse dintsi.<ref name=":0" /> Lekalana le le tshwerwe ke pula e e sa tlhomamang le mebu e e bokoa.<ref name=":0" /> Meepo ya diteemane le bojanala le tsone di botlhokwa mo itsholelong.<ref name=":0" /> Dipeeletso tse dintsi tsa ditswammung di ne tsa fitlhelwa ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970 mme lekalana la meepo le ne la gola go tswa mo karolong ya masome a mabedi le botlhano mo lekgolong ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa 1980 go ya ko karolong a masome a mararo le borobabobedi mo lekgolong ka ngwaga wa 1998.<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Shepherd on donkey on the move.jpg|thumb|Monna yo o palameng tonki o disa dipodi mo nokeng e e omileng]] Kgolo ya itsholelo e ne ya fokotsega ka ngwaga wa 2005 go fitlha ko ngwageng wa 2008 mme ya fetoga go nna e e sa siamang ka ngwaga wa 2009 ka ntlha ya Kwelotlase e Kgolo ya itsholelo, ya ngotlega ka karolo ya botlhano ntlha pedi mo lekgolong.<ref>[https://www.thelugarcenter.org/assets/htmldocuments/Botswana%20brief%202.12.19_1.pdf "www.thelugarcenter.org]" (PDF).</ref> Se se ne sa gakadiwa ke kwelotlase e kgolo ya lefatshe lotlhe mo lekalaneng la madirelo, le le neng la ngotlega ka karolo ya masome a mararo mo lekgolong,<ref name=":2">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20220816000000/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana Botswana]". ''[[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]]'' (2022&#x20;ed.). [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. 16 August 2022.</ref> Kwelotlase e e tseneletseng ya itsholelo ya Botswana e ne e farologana le bontsi jwa ditšhaba tse dingwe tsa Aforika tse di neng tsa itemogela kgolo e e tswelelang mo pakeng eno.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004530/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2003rank.html CIA.gov] see also [[:en:File:GDP_Real_Growth.svg|File:GDP Real Growth.svg]]</ref> == Mokgwa wa itsholelo e kgolo == === Ditshupo tsa konokono === Tafole ya lenaneo e e latelang e supa ditshupo tsa konokono tsa itsholelo ka ngwaga wa1980 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2026. Koketsego ya ditlhwatlhwa e e kwa tlase ga karolo ya botlhano mo lekgolong e supiwa ka botala jwa tlhaga.<ref>"[https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/BWA Botswana]". ''www.imf.org''. Retrieved 5 May 2026.</ref> == Kgwebo ka go reka le go rekisa dithoto == [[Setshwantsho:Botswana rail network map.svg|thumb|Setshwantso sa mafaratlhatlha sa diterena tsa Botswana]] [[Setshwantsho:Gaborone Main Mall road.jpg|thumb|Tsela mo [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]]]] Botswana o kgabaganngwa ke tsela ya dikoloi e e kgabaganyang Aforika - [[:en:Cairo-Cape_Town_Highway|Tselakgolo ya Cairo-Cape Town]] le [[:en:Trans-Kalahari_Corridor|tsela ya dipalangwa ya go kgabaganya Kalahari]]. Botswana ke karolo ya Kopano ya Melelwane ya Borwa jwa Aforika ([[:en:SACU|SACU]]) le mafatshe a Aforika Borwa, Lesotho, Eswatini, le Namibia. [[:en:World_Bank|Banka ya Lefatshe]] [[:en:World_Bank|lotlhe]] e bega gore ka ngwaga wa 2001 (ngwaga wa bošeng jaana o tshedimosetso ya Banka ya Lefatshe lotlhe e leng teng), SACU e ne e na le palogare e e [[:en:Common_external_tariff|bokete ya seelo sa dituediso]] tse di tlwaelegileng tsa kwa ntle sa karolo ya boraro ntlha ya borataro mo lekgolong. Go ya ka [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Commerce|Lephata la Kgwebo la lefatshe la U.S]]., "go na le dikgoreletsi di le mmalwa fela tsa dituediso kgotsa tse e seng tsa dituediso tsa go gweba le Botswana, kwa ntle ga dithibelo tsa go fiwa di tetla tsa ditiro dingwe tsa kgwebo, tse di beetsweng di kompone tsa [Botswana] fela." Go ikaegilwe ka mokgwa o o tlhabolotsweng wa ntlha ya kgwebisano, maduo a melawana ya kgwebisano ya Botswana ga a fetoge.<ref>{{unfit|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081216102841/http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/country.cfm?id=Botswana Botswana and WTO]}}</ref> Thomelo ya kwa ntle e kgolo ya lefatshe la Botswana ke ditaemane.<ref>"[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-market-overview Botswana - Market Overview]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2024 ke lefatshe la thomelo ya kwa ntle ya bobedi mo lefatsheng ya ditaemane.<ref>[https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/highest-diamond-producing-countries-2024/ "Highest Diamond Producing Countries 2024]". ''GeeksforGeeks''. 14 February 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Ka ntlha ya go ikaega thata ga lefatshe la Botswana ka diteemane, tlhokego e e maatla ya lefatshe ka bophara e botlhokwa mo boitekanelong jwa itsholelo.<ref>Ben-Zvi, Gidon (21 December 2023). [https://rapaport.com/analysis/a-new-dawn-for-the-botswana-diamond-industry/ "A New Dawn for the Botswana Diamond Industry"]. ''Rapaport''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Thomelo kwa ntle ya teemane e tlamela itsholelo ya lefatshe la Botswana ka tlamelo e e nonofileng ya madi a boditšhaba mme di neetse motheo wa tlhabololo ya madirelo le go tlhotlheletsa ditokafatso mo mafaratlhatlheng a lefatshe la Botswana.<ref>"[https://www.diamondfacts.org/infrastructure-development/ Infrastructure Development]". ''Diamond Facts''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa di na le seabe se segolo mo itsholelong ya Botswana, go na le matshwenyego a gore meepo ya diteemane ga e tlhoke badiri ba le bantsi go ka tlamela ka tiro e e lekaneng ya badiri ba Botswana, mme go sa tshwane mo go ne go umakilwe jaaka ntlha ya seelo se se kwa godimo sa letlhoko la ditiro mo lefatsheng.<ref>Guest, Peter (3 December 2015). [https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/03/africa/botswana-diamonds-jwaneng/index.html "Inside the world's richest diamond mine"]. CNN. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref><ref>"[http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details.php?nid=4811 Outlook for 2018 robust]". ''The Weekend Post''. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> == Meepo == ''Setlhogo sa konokono: [[:en:Mining_in_Botswana|Meepo mo Botswana]]'' Dikompone tse pedi tse dikgolo tsa meepo, [[:en:Debswana|Debswana]] (tse di bopilweng ke puso le [[:en:De_Beers|De Beers]] ya Aforika Borwa ka tirisanommogo e e lekanang) le Bamangwato Concessions, Ltd. (BCL, le yone e na le seabe se segolo sa tekatekano ya puso) di dira mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /> BCL e ne ya bewa mo tshekatshekong ya nakwana kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2016, morago ga dingwaga tsa ditiro tse di dirang ditatlhegelo, mme e ne ya bewa mo tshekatshekong ya bofelo ke Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa 2017.<ref>Rearabilwe Ramaphane (26 April 2017). [http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details.php?nid=3402 "Liquidator certifies BCL dead!]". ''Weekend Post''.</ref> === Ditaemane le majana a mangwe === [[Setshwantsho:Jwaneng Open Mine.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Jwaneng_diamond_mine|Moepo wa teemane wa Jwaneng]] ke wa bobedi mo lefatsheng la gompieno<ref>Groot, Robert (30 September 2022). [https://www.royalcoster.com/blogs/craftmanship/top-10-biggest-diamond-mines "Top 10 Biggest Diamond Mines"]. ''Royal Coster Diamonds''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref>]] Go tloga ka tshimologo ya dingwaga tsa bo 1980, lefatshe le le nnile nngwe ya mafatshe a a tlhagisang ditaemane tsa maje a a tlhokegang thata mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-mining-minerals "Botswana - Mining & Minerals]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Meepo e megolo ya teemane e le borobabobedi e butswe fa e sale Botswana e bona boipuso.<ref>[https://minedocs.com/20/DTC_Botswana_Global_Publications_Journey_Botswanas_Diamonds.pdf "minedocs.com/20/DTC_Botswana_Global_Publications_Journey_Botswanas_Diamonds.pdf"] (PDF). ''Minedocs.com''. p.&#x20;2.</ref> Babatli ba De Beers ba ribolotse di teemane kwa bokone jwa Botswana mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo 1970.<ref name=":1" /> Moepo wa ntlha o ne wa simolola go dira kwa lefelong la [[:en:Orapa_diamond_mine|Orapa]] ka ngwaga wa 1972, mme wa latelwa ke moepo o monnye kwa lefelong la [[:en:Letlhakane_diamond_mine|Letlhakane]].<ref name=":1" /> Se se fetogileng moepo o le mongwe o o humileng go gaisa wa di teemane mo lefatsheng o ne wa bulwa kwa lefelong la [[:en:Jwaneng_diamond_mine|Jwaneng]] ka ngwaga wa 1982.<ref name=":1" /> Moepo o ne wa bonwa fa metlhwa e e neng di batla metsi e ne e tlisa ditlhaka tsa teemane mo godimo ga metsi.<ref name=":3">''Botswana Business Law Handbook Strategic Information and Laws''. USA International Business Publications. Intl Business Pubns USA. 2012. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-6945-5|978-1-4387-6945-5]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/746835808 746835808].</ref> Botswana e tlhagisitse palo yotlhe ya di karate di le didikadike tse masome a mabedi le bone tsa di teemane go tswa kwa Debswana ka ngwaga wa 2022,<ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/botswana-president-insists-bigger-share-diamonds-de-beers-venture-2023-05-25/#:~:text=L)%20%2C%20opens%20new%20tab%2C,of%20the%20De%20Beers%20system. Botswana president insists on bigger share of diamonds from De Beers venture]". ''Reuters''. 25 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> mme ke yone e e tlhagisang di teemane go gaisa tsotlhe ka boleng mo lefatsheng go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2023.<ref>"[https://www.visualcapitalist.com/cp/world-diamond-mining-by-country/ Ranked: The World's Top Diamond Mining Countries, by Carats]". ''Visual Capitalist''. 29 September 2023.</ref>Katoloso ya Orapa 2000 ya moepo o o leng teng wa Orapa e ne ya bulwa ka ngwaga wa 2000.<ref name=":1" /> Go ya ka Debswana, lenaneo la Katoloso ya Orapa 2000 le oketsa dipoelo tsa ngwaga le ngwaga tsa moepo wa Orapa go tswa go dikarate di le didikadike di le thataro go ya go dikarate di le didikadike di le lesome le bobedi mme ya tlhatlosa tlhagiso yotlhe go ya go dikarate di le didikadike di le masome a mabedi le borataro.<ref>[http://www.debswana.com/About-Us/Pages/Our-History.aspx "Our History]". Debswana. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2003, Debswana e ne ya bula [[:en:Damtshaa_diamond_mine|moepo wa teemane wa Damtshaa]] o o neng o le dikilometara di ka nna makgolo a le mabedi le bobedi (seele sa maele wa lekgolo le masome a mane) kwa bophirima jwa toropokgolo ya [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]]. Moepo o ne wa bewa mo tlhokomelong le pabalelong ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2015 ka ntlha ya tlhokego e e bokoa ya lefatshe mme go ne go rulagantswe gore o bulwe gape ka kgwedi ya Firikgong k ngwaga wa 2018.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20180714032932/http://www.debeersgroup.com/botswana/en/who-we-are/de-beers-in-botswana/debswana/damtshaa.html Damtshaa – Debswana's newest mine]". De Beers Group. Archived from [http://www.debeersgroup.com/botswana/en/who-we-are/de-beers-in-botswana/debswana/damtshaa.html the original] on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref><ref>"[http://www.diamonds.net/News/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=59486&ArticleTitle=De+Beers+to+Resurrect+Damtshaa+Mine De Beers to Resurrect Damtshaa Mine]". Rapaport News. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2008, Kompone ya Ditaemane ya lefatshe la Australia ya Kimberley e ne ya bula moepo kwa lefelong la [[:en:Lerala|Lerala]], e le moepo wa botlhano mo Botswana e bile e le wa ntlha o o sa tsamaisiweng ke Debswana.<ref>"[http://www.abnnewswire.net/press/en/44155/DIAMONEX-LIMITED.html Diamonex Limited Acquires Kimberlite Pipes in USA]". ABN Newswire. Retrieved 20 January 2008.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, lefelo la Kimberley le ne la tswala moepo ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa 2017, a umaka maemo a a bokoa a mmaraka.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20170605021400/http://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFKBN18S4Z4-OZABS Botswana Lerala Diamond Mine shuts down – newspaper]". Reuters Africa. Archived from [https://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFKBN18S4Z4-OZABS the original] on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Bontsi jwa motlakase wa lefatshe la Botswana o tswa kwa [[:en:Eskom|Eskom]] ya lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>"[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-energy Botswana - Energy]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Debswana e tsamaisa Moepo wa [[:en:Morupule_Colliery|Malatlha a Morupule]] o o gaufi go e tlamela ka magala.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060217023857/http://www.miningweekly.co.za/min/sector/coal/?show=75117 "Creamer Media's Mining Weekly Online, South African Mining News :: Coal]". Archived from [http://www.miningweekly.co.za/min/sector/coal/?show%3D75117 the original] on 17 February 2006. Retrieved 5 May 2016.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana e rometse kwa ntle motlakase wa boleng jwa dikete di le tharo le lekgolo le masome a mabedi ( e leng di dollara dile tharo le ntlha e nngwe le bobedi) go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2021 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2022, otlhe o ya kwa lefatsheng la Zimbabwe.<ref>"[https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/electricity/reporter/bwa Electricity in Botswana]". ''The Observatory of Economic Complexity''. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Mo tshimologong ya ngwaga wa 2008, kgaolo yotlhe ya borwa jwa Aforika e ne ya amiwa thata ke tlhaelo e kgolo ya maatla, ga e sale kgaolo e dira go abelana metswedi ya yone ya maatla ka [[:en:Southern_African_Power_Pool|Southern African Power Pool,]] ka bontsi jwa bokgoni jwa yone bo tswa kwa lefatsheng la Aforika Borwa. Lefatshe la Botswana le lone le beile maano a go nna maromela kwa ntle wa motlakase kwa letangwaneng la kgaolo, ka katoloso ya puso ya seteišene sa motlakase sa Morupule, mmogo le go rotloetsa dipeeletso tse e seng tsa puso ka sebopego sa seteišene sa motlakase sa di-gigawatt di le nne ke kompone ya lefatshe la Canada ya CIC Energy. Ka ngwaga wa 2012, CIC Energy e ne ya bonwa ke [[:en:Jindal_Steel_and_Power|Tshipi le Motlakase tsa Jindal]] tsa lefatshe la India. Ga jaana Jindal Africa e ikaeletse go dira meepo e le meraro ya fa godimo ga lefatshe mo mafelong a magala a [[:en:Mmamabula|Mmamabula]], mmogo le setlamo sa motlakase. Go ya ka kompone, "tlhabololo ya moepo e tla fitlhelela ditlhokego tsa diteišene tsa motlakase tsa maatla a motlakase makgolo a marataro le mebaraka ya magala a kgaolo ya thomelo kwa ntle, ka bokgoni jwa go thapa batho ba feta dikete tse pedi."<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230521201948/https://www.jindalafrica.com/countries/botswana/botswana-overview Botswana Overview]". Jindal Africa. Archived from [http://www.jindalafrica.com/countries/botswana/botswana-overview the original] on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref><ref>"[https://www.globalmethane.org/documents/toolsres_coal_overview_ch3.pdf Botswana]" (PDF). Global Methane Initiative. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111009103709/http://www.globalmethane.org/documents/toolsres_coal_overview_ch3.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana gape o tlhagisa [[:en:Soda_ash|molora wa soda]] ka Botash, e leng kgwebo e e kopanetsweng magareng ga puso le Setlhopha sa Chlor-Alkali Holdings (CAH) sa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa. Botash e ntse e dira kwa [[:en:Sua_Pan|Letsheng la Sua]] kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa lefatshe la Botswana fa e sale ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 1991.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20201202065435/https://botash.bw/company-history/ Company History]". Botash. Archived from [http://www.botash.bw/company-history/ the original] on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> == Bojanala == ''Pego ya konokono: [[:en:Tourism_in_Botswana|Bojanala mo Botswana]]'' Bojanala ke madirelo a a ntseng a nna botlhokwa thata mo lefatsheng la Botswana, a a dirang mo e ka nnang karolo ya lesome le boraro ntlha nngwe mo lekgolong ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa 2019.<ref>"[https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210209005667/en/Botswana-Tourism-Industry-Report-2021---ResearchAndMarkets.com Botswana Tourism Industry Report 2021 - ResearchAndMarkets.com]". ''www.businesswire.com''. 9 February 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref>Le fa go ntse jalo, Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2024, go ne ga begwa gore e ne e le kwa tlase ga karolo ya lesome mo lekgolong .<ref>[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-travel-and-tourism "Botswana - Travel and Tourism]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Nngwe ya dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tse di kgethegileng mo lefatsheng, e leng [[:en:Okavango_Delta|Lefelo la noka e phatlhallang la Okavango]] , e mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":1" /> Lefatshe le fa tshono ya go lebelela diphologolo le go bona dinonyane kwa lefelong la noka e phatlhallang le kwa [[:en:Chobe_National_Park|Lefelong la diphologolo la Setshaba la Chobe]] —e e leng legae la nngwe ya metlhape e megolo thata ya ditlou tse di tsamayang ka kgololesego mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /> Lefelo la lefatshe la Botswana la [[:en:Central_Kalahari_Game_Reserve|legae la diphologolo le le mo bogareng jwa Kalahari]] gape le na le tshono ya go lebelela diphologolo le dingwe tsa naga tse di kgakala le tse di sa senngwang mo borwa jwa Aforika.<ref name=":1" /> Lefelo la diphologolo tsa bosetšhaba di le mmalwa le dipolokelo tsa diphologolo, ka diphologolo tsa tsone tse dintsi tsa naga le mafelo a a metsi, ke dilo tse dikgolo tse di ngokang bajanala.<ref>"[https://www.botswanasafarisokavangodelta.com/parks-reserves Botswana Wildlife National Parks & Reserves]". ''AfricanMecca Safaris''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> Mafelo a konokono a [[:en:Safari|loeto la go lebela diphologolo le dijanala]] a bojanala ke [[:en:Moremi_Game_Reserve|Lefelo la Diphologolo la Moremi]]<ref>"[https://www.moremi.com/index.php Moremi Game Reserve: Botswana's wildlife haven for an unmatched safari experience]". ''Moremi.com''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> mo [[:en:Okavango_Delta|Lefelo la noka e phatlhallang la Okavango]], le lefelo la Bosetšhaba ya Chobe. Lefatshe la Botswana le lone le tsaya karolo mo ditirong tsa tsamaiso ya ditsa tlholego tse di dirwang ke setshaba ka go leka go akaretsa banni ba motse mo bojanaleng. Sekao sengwe ke motse wa [[:en:Khwai|Khwai]]<ref>"[https://africanbushcamps.com/destinations/botswana/khwai-community-area/ Khwai Community Area]". ''African Bush Camps''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> le Terasete ya yona ya Tlhabololo ya Khwai.<ref>"[http://www.khwaitrust.co.bw/ Khwai Development Trust]". ''Khwai Development Trust''. Retrieved 1 May 2024.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana e ne e le lefelo la filimi ya ngwaga wa 1980 ya [[:en:The_Gods_Must_Be_Crazy|The Gods Must Be Crazy]], le fa filimi e e ne e diriwa kwa thata mo Aforika Borwa. [[:en:The_Amazing_Race_7|Setlha sa bosupa]] sa [[:en:The_Amazing_Race_(American_TV_series)|''The Amazing Race'']] se etetse Botswana. Bojanala bo tlhotlheleditswe ke [[:en:The_No._1_Ladies'_Detective_Agency|motseletsele wa dipadi tsa matseka]] ka [[:en:Alexander_McCall_Smith|Alexander McCall Smith]] le terama ya Amerika e e neng ya di latela.<ref>Canby, Vincent (28 October 1984). "[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/28/arts/film-view-is-the-gods-must-be-crazy-only-a-comedy.html FILM VIEW; IS 'THE GODS MUST BE CRAZY' ONLY A COMEDY?"]. ''The New York Times''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> == Temothuo == Go feta sephatlo sa baagi ba Botswana ba nna kwa metseselegaeng mme ba ikaegile ka dijalo tsa go iphedisa le go rua diruiwa.<ref name=":1" /> Temothuo e fitlhelela fela karolo e nnye ya ditlhokego tsa dijo mme e na le seabe sa karolo ya bongwe ntlha e robangbobedi fela ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ya Botswana go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2017, go ya ka CIA World Factbook.<ref name=":2" />Diphopholetso tsa ngwaga wa 2024 di boletse fa e santse e le kwa tlase ga karolo ya bobedi mo lekgolong ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ya lefatshe la Botswana.<ref>[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-agricultural-sectors "Botswana - Agricultural Sectors]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Go rua dikgomo go ne go laola botshelo jwa loago le itsholele ya Botswana pele ga boipuso.<ref name=":1" />[[:en:Botswana_Meat_Commission|Setlhopa sa dipatlisiso ya Nama ya Botswana]] (BMC) e na le taolo e le nosi mo tlhagisong ya nama ya kgomo, le fa go ntse jalo kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2023, e ne ya fela.<ref>Mguni, Mbongeni. [https://www.mmegi.bw/business/bmc-monopoly-nears-end-as-cabinet-approves-meat-regulator/news "BMC monopoly nears end as Cabinet approves meat regulator"].</ref>Motlhape wa bosetšhaba o ne o ka nna didikadike di le mabedi le ntlha e le nngwe mo lekgolong mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990, le fa go bolawa ga motlhape otlhe ka ngwaga wa 1995 go go laetsweng ke puso kwa Kgaolong ya [[:en:Ngamiland|Ngamiland]] kwa bokone-bophirima jwa Botswana, go thibela go anama ga "bolwetse jwa makgwafo a dikgomo" kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa naga, go fokoditse palo ka bonnye jwa didikadike dile pedi.<ref name=":4">"[http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/ Botswana production in 2018, by FAO"]</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana le tlhagisitse, ka ngwaga 2018: * lekgolo le bobedi ditone tse sekete tsa motso le tubers; * masome amane le borataro a sekete sa ditone tsa meroho; * ditone di le dikete di le lesome le bosupa tsa mabele; * ditone di le dikete di le lesome le boraro tsa mmidi; * boferabobedi jwa ditone tse sekete tsa hop; * borataro jwa ditone tse sekete tsa onion; * botlhano jwa ditone tse sekete tsa tamati; Mo godimo ga dikumo tse dinnye tsa dikumo tse dingwe tsa temothuo<ref name=":4" /> == Tlhagiso == Madirelo a tlhagiso mo lefatsheng la Botswana<ref>"[https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/sectors/ Sectors]"</ref> <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230521201949/https://www.gobotswana.com/sector/manufacturing Manufacturing | Go Botswana]". Archived from [https://www.gobotswana.com/sector/manufacturing the original] on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2021.</ref>di akaretsa go dira dijo, bogolo jang go dira nama ya kgomo, go dira diteemane, go dira matsela le diaparo, go dira dino, go dira mabenyane, ditshipi le dithoto tsa tshipi, go dira molora, go dira didirisiwa tsa kago, le go [[:en:Glass_production|dira galase]]. Tlhagiso e na le kgolo e e ka nnang teng, le fa go ntse jalo,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240505114036/http://www.hrdc.org.bw/manufacturing-sector "Manufacturing Sector | HRDC]". ''www.hrdc.org.bw''. Archived from [http://www.hrdc.org.bw/manufacturing-sector the original] on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> e dira mo e ka nnang karolo ya botlhano mo lekgolong ya palogotlhe ya [[:en:Gross_domestic_product|dikumo tsa selegae tsa]] [[:en:Gross_domestic_product|lefatshe]].<ref>"[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.IND.MANF.ZS?locations=BW World Bank Open Data]". ''World Bank Open Data''. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Mo dingwageng tse di fetileng, go nnile le kwelotlase e e bonalang mo seabeng sa lekalana la tlhagiso mo itsholelong ya bosetšhaba. Lebaka la se le ka tlhomamisiwa mo dintlheng di le mmalwa, tsa konokono e le go tlhoka bokgoni, go palelwa ke go tsamaisana le maranyane a sešweng, go tlhoka kgaisano mmogo le mekgwa e e sa siamang ya go rekisa.<ref>[https://www.ceda.co.bw/sites/default/files/Publications/ASSESSMENT_OF_INVESTMENT_OPPORTUNITIES_WITH_THE_MANUFACTURING_SECTOR_IN_BOTSWANA-JUNE_2020.pdfhttps://www.ceda.co.bw/sites/default/files/Publications/ASSESSMENT_OF_INVESTMENT_OPPORTUNITIES_WITH_THE_MANUFACTURING_SECTOR_IN_BOTSWANA-JUNE_2020.pdf "www.ceda.co.bw/sites/default/files/Publications/ASSESSMENT_OF_INVESTMENT_OPPORTUNITIES_WITH_THE_MANUFACTURING_SECTOR_IN_BOTSWANA-JUNE_2020.pdf"] (PDF). ''CEDA''.</ref> == Thuto ya bonetetshi le maranyane == Go na le lephata le le golang la bonetetshi mo lefatsheng Botswana. Palo ya dikgatiso tsa borasaense ba lefatshe la Botswana tse di kwadilweng mo lenaaneng la dipolokelotshedimosetso tsa boditšhabatšhaba e oketsegile go tswa go lekgolo le masome a mararo le boraro ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya ko makgolong a mabedi le lesome ka ngwaga wa 2014. Ka ngwaga wa 2018, lefatshe la Botswana e tlhagisitse di pego tsa dikwalo tsa saense le maranyane di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a borobabobedi le bongwe. Lefatshe le na le nngwe ya maemo a a kwa godimo a go dira dithoto tsa bonetesthi mo Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara.<ref>"[https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000235406_eng Southern Africa. In: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (PDF])"</ref><ref>"[https://knoema.com/atlas/Botswana/Number-of-scientific-journal-articles Botswana – Number of scientific and technical journal articles]</ref> Lefatshe gape le na le madirelo a maranyane a a kwa godimo, a e leng legae la dikompone di le mmalwa tsa maranyane ya tshedimosetso.<ref>"[https://www.localbotswana.com/category/Information_technology Best Information Technology Companies in Botswana]"</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2022, dilo tse di romelwang kwa ntle tsa maranyane a a kwa godimo tsa Botswana di ne di le bokana ka dikete di le boraro le borobabobedi tsa di dolara.<ref>"[https://knoema.com/atlas/Botswana/High-technology-exports Botswana – High-technology exports in current prices]"</ref> == Tlhabololo ya lekala la poraefete le dipeeletso tsa kwa ntle == [[Setshwantsho:Tourist Resort at Kasane.jpg|thumb|Lefelo la bojanala kwa [[:en:Kasane|Kasane]]]] Botswana e batla go farologanya itsholelo ya yone go tswa mo ditswammung,<ref name=":1" /> tse dituelo tsa yone di lekalekaneng.<ref>"[https://www.oecd.org/countries/botswana/35176115.pdf 001331-08 Botswana 6"] (PDF). ''OECD''.</ref> Dipeeletso tsa kwa ntle mo lefatsheng la Botswana di godile sentle. Mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1990, dikompone tse pedi tsa lefatshe la Amerika, Owens Corning le Heinz, di ne tsa dira dipeeletso tse dikgolo mo mafelong a tlhagiso kwa Botswana.<ref>[https://archivesspace.uncw.edu/repositories/5/archival_objects/63351 "Articles and reports by Hans-Joachim (H.J.) Heinz, 1962-1971]". ''UNCW archives''.</ref>Ka ngwaga wa 1997, setlhopha sa St. Paul se ne sa reka Botswana Insurance, e leng nngwe ya dikompone tse di di gogang kwa pele mo lefatsheng leno ka tiisetso ya tshireletso kgatlhanong le tatlhegelo ya paka e khutshwane. Lekgotla la Kgwebo la lefatshe la Amerika (ABC), le le nang le dikompone tse di fetang masome a mararo tse di leng maloko, le ne la tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa 1995.<ref>"[https://www.abc.org.bw/ AMERICAN BUSINESS COUNCIL OF BOTSWANA]". ''www.abc.org.bw''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Hyundai e ne e na le madirelo a go kopanya dikoloi kwa lefatsheng la Botswana go tloga ka ngwaga wa1994 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2000.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090106025801/http://www.gov.bw/economy/index.html "The Government of Botswana – Economic Snapshot]". Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/economy/index.html the original] on 6 January 2009.</ref> Botswana e batla go tswelela go farologanya itsholelo ya yone go tswa mo ditswammung,<ref name=":1" /> tse di dirang kotara ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ,<ref>"[https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/botswana/147499.htm Botswana (03/26/10])". ''U.S. Department of State''. Retrieved 22 October 2021.</ref> go tswa go mo e ka nnang sephatlho sa palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1990.<ref name=":1" /> Dipeeletso le botsamaisi jwa kwa ntle di a amogelwa mo lefatsheng la Botswana<ref name=":1" /> mme, ka ntlha ya seo, makalana a matlole le ditirelo a oketsegile ka seelo se se kwa godimo ka dingwaga tsa bo 2000 go emisetsa meepo jaaka madirelo a a eteletseng pele.<ref name=":3" /> Botswana e fedisitse [[:en:Foreign_exchange_controls|ditaolo tsa kananyo ya madi a]] [[:en:Foreign_exchange_controls|mafatshe]] a sele ka ngwaga wa 1999, e na le seelo se se kwa tlase sa lekgetho la dikompone(karolo ya lesome le botlhano mo lekgolong), ga go na dithibelo tsa go nna le dikompone tsa mafatshe a sele, mme go tloga ka kgwedi ya Firikgong ka ngwaga wa 2024 e ka nna karolo ya bone mo lekgolong.<ref>[https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/Consumer%20Price%20Index%20January%202024.pdf "CONSUMER PRICE INDEX JANUARY 2024]" (PDF). ''Statistics Botswana''.</ref> == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} == Maranyane a mangwe == * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Botswana/Business_and_Economy/Economic_Development}}DMOZ{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Botswana/Business_and_Economy/Economic_Development}} * [http://www.trademap.org/open_access/Index.aspx?proceed=true&reporter=072 Botswana latest trade data on ITC Trade Map] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080921071451/http://mbendi.co.za/land/af/bo/p0005.htm MBendi Botswana overview] * [http://www.mining-technology.com/projects/debswana/ Debswana mine] 4hlbnb9l3cmmnuqtevfsezk3nsfyurf 52788 52787 2026-07-20T06:20:04Z MmaBaggio 11091 52788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox economy | country = Botswana | year = 21 April - 32 March | image = | image_size = 420px | caption = [[botsswanna in botswannaiTowers of Masa Square CBD|Masa Square Central Business District]] | currency = [[Botswana Pula|Pula]] (BWP, P) | organs = [[African Union|AU]], [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]] (signed), [[Southern African Development Community|SADC]], [[Southern African Customs Union|SACU]], [[World Trade Organization|WTO]] | group = {{plainlist| *[[Developing country|Developing/Emerging]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weoselco.aspx?g=2200&sg=All+countries+%2f+Emerging+market+and+developing+economies |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref> *Upper-middle income economy<ref>{{cite web |url=https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups |title=World Bank Country and Lending Groups |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=datahelpdesk.worldbank.org |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref>}} | population = {{increase}} 2,397,240 (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=BW |title=Population, total - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-date=21 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821123757/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref> | gdp = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} $16.90 billion (nominal, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=26&pr.y=21&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=616&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org | access-date=17 November 2019}}</ref> *{{increase}} $43.907 billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]], 2019 est.)<ref name="2020/01">{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2020 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2020/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=28&pr.y=20&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=616&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CPPPGDP%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref>}} | gdp rank = {{plainlist| *[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|114th (nominal, 2019)]] *[[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|113th (PPP, 2019)]]}} | growth = {{plainlist| *14.5%&nbsp;(2018) 3.0%&nbsp;(2019e) *−5.4%&nbsp;(2020e) 6.8%&nbsp;(2021e)<ref name="2020/01"/>}} | per capita = {{plainlist| *{{decrease}} $7,859 (nominal, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW"/> *{{increase}} $18,558 (PPP, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW"/>}} | per capita rank = {{plainlist| *[[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita|78th (nominal, 2019)]] *[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|75th (PPP, 2018)]]}} | sectors = {{plainlist| *[[agriculture]]: 1.8% *[[Industrial sector|industry]]: 27.5% *[[Tertiary sector of the economy|services]]: 70.6% *(2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ |title=The World Factbook |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |website=CIA.gov |access-date=15 May 2019 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | inflation = 2.1% (2020 est.)<ref name="2020/01"/> | poverty = {{plainlist| *16.3% ({{As of|2016|alt=2016}})<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdb.org/en/countries/southern-africa/botswana/botswana-economic-outlook/|title=Botswana Economic Outlook|date=29 March 2019}}</ref> *60.4% on less than $5.50/day (2015)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.UMIC?locations=BW |title=Poverty headcount ratio at $5.50 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=4 December 2019 |archive-date=27 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127133918/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.UMIC?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | gini = 53.3 {{color|red|high}} (2015)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> | hdi = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} 0.728 {{color|green|high}} (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506 |title=Human Development Index (HDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref> ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|94th]]) *{{steady}} N/A [[List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI|IHDI]] (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-3-inequality-adjusted-human-development-index-ihdi |title=Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref>}} | labor = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} 1,107,235 (2019)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=BW |title=Labor force, total - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> *55.7% employment rate (2013)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.NE.ZS?locations=BW |title=Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate) - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922090025/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.NE.ZS?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | edbr = {{decrease}} [[Ease of doing business index#Ranking|87th (easy, 2020)]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/botswana |title=Ease of Doing Business in Botswana |publisher=Doingbusiness.org |access-date=24 November 2017 }}</ref> | unemployment = 17.7% ({{As of|2017|alt=2017}})<ref name="autogenerated2"/> | industries = [[diamond]]s, [[copper]], [[nickel]], [[salt]], [[soda ash]], [[potash]], [[coal]], [[iron ore]], [[silver]]; [[beef]] processing; [[textiles]] | exports = {{decrease}} $5.934 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | export-goods = [[diamond]]s, [[copper]], [[nickel]], [[soda ash]], [[beef]], [[textiles]] | export-partners = {{plainlist| *{{flag|Belgium}} 20.3% *{{flag|India}} 12.6% *{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} 12.4% *{{flag|South Africa}} 11.9% *{{flag|Singapore}} 8.7% *{{flag|Israel}} 7% *{{flag|Hong Kong}} 4.1% *{{flag|Namibia}} 4.1% *(2017)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | imports = {{decrease}} $5.005 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | import-goods = foodstuffs, [[machinery]], [[electrical]] goods, [[transport]] equipment, [[textiles]], [[fuel]] and [[petroleum]] products, [[wood]] and [[paper]] products, [[metal]] and [[metal]] products | import-partners = {{plainlist| *{{flag|South Africa}} 66.1% *{{flag|Canada}} 8.3% *{{flag|Israel}} 5.3% *(2017)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | current account = {{decrease}} $2.146 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | FDI = {{plainlist| *{{decrease}} $5.319 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> *{{increase}} Abroad: $1.973 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | gross external debt = {{decreasePositive}} $2.187 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | debt = {{decreasePositive}} 21.7% of GDP (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indexmundi.com/es/botsuana/deuda_publica.html|title=Deuda pública - Botsuana - Economía}}</ref> | revenue = 5.305 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | expenses = 5.478 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | balance = −1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | aid = $73 million ({{As of|1995|alt=1995}}) | credit = {{plainlist| *[[Standard & Poor's]]:<ref>{{cite web |title= Sovereigns rating list |publisher=Standard & Poor's |url=http://www.standardandpoors.com/ratings/sovereigns/ratings-list/en/eu/?subSectorCode=39 |access-date=26 May 2011}}</ref> *A (Domestic) *A- (Foreign) *A+ (T&C Assessment)}} | reserves = {{increase}} $7.491 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | cianame = botswana | spelling = }} [[:en:Botswana|Botswana]] o na le [[:en:Developing_country|itsholelo e e tlhabologang]] e e tsewang e le ya lotseno lo lo kwa godimo go ya kwa bogareng. Kgolo ya tiro ya lekalana le e seng la puso e ne e le palogare ya bokana ka karolo ya lesome mo lekgolong ka ngwaga mo dingwageng tsa ntlha di le masome a mararo tsa boipuso jwa lefatshe. Morago ga paka ya go ema hela go sa irege sepe kwa tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa masome a mabedi le bongwe, itsholelo ya [[:en:Botswana|Botswana]] e ne ya kwadisa maemo a a nonofileng a kgolo, ka kgolo ya Palo yotlhe ya dithoro le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng e e neng ya feta dintlha tsa karolo ya borataro go ya kwa bosupeng mo lekgolong. Kgolo ya itsholelo fa e sale ka bofelo jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1960 e ntse e lekana le itsholelo dingwe tse dikgolo tsa lefatshekgolo le le naleng di karolo tsa mafatshe Asia.<ref>Leith, J. Clark (2005). ''[https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt80xfp Why Botswana Prospered]''. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp.&#x20;ix-2. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2820-8|<bdi>978-0-7735-2820-8</bdi>.]] [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt80xfp j.ctt80xfp].</ref> Puso e ntse e tshegetsa lefetiso la tekanyetsokabo ka tlhomamo mme e na le [[:en:Foreign-exchange_reserves|dipolokelo tse dintsi tsa kananyo ya madi a]] [[:en:Foreign-exchange_reserves|mafatshe a sele]].<ref>[http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/489431468012950282/pdf/95304-REPLACEMENT-SCD-P150575-PUBLIC-Botswana-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic-Report.pdf "BOTSWANA: Systematic Country Diagnostic]" (PDF). World Bank Group. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/489431468012950282/pdf/95304-REPLACEMENT-SCD-P150575-PUBLIC-Botswana-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic-Report.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Kgolo ya itsholelo ya Botswana fa e bapisiwa le mafatshe a mangwe a a mabapi le yone, e agilwe mo motheong wa meepo ya diteemane, melawana e e botlhale ya matlole, le molawana o o kelotlhoko wa dinaga di sele.<ref name=":1">{{citation-attribution|{{Cite web|date=May 2002|title=Background Note: Botswana |url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020606143242/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm| archive-date=June 6, 2002 |publisher=[[U.S. Department of State]]}}}}</ref> Itsholelo ya lefatshe la Botswana e ikaegile thata ka go epa diteemane. Meepo ya diteemane e na le seabe mo karolong ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ya lotseno lwa puso bogolosegolo ka tirisanommogo e mo go yone matlhakore ka bobedi a naleng seabe sa karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong le De Beers mo [[:en:Debswana|komponeng ya Diteemane ya Debswana]].<ref>Makoni, Patricia Lindelwa (4 May 2017). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311238609 "Exploring economic structure and drivers of economic growth in Botswana"]. ''Journal of Governance and Regulation''. '''4''': 672–678 &#x2013; via ResearchGate.</ref> Diteemane tse di dirwang mo lefelong la diteko di dirile gore go nne le phokotsego e e bonalang ya tlhokego ya lefatshe ka bophara ya ditaemane tse di epilweng go simolola mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi . Phokotso e e bakilweng ke boleng jwaditaemane tse di romelwang kwa ntle e ne ya dira gore Letlole la madi la boditshabtshaba le bonele ko pele gore lefatshe la Botswana le tla nna le tlhaelo ya matlole ya karolo ya lesome le bongwe mo lekgolong, mme lephata la matlole la Botswana le bonele pele kgolo e e sa siamang ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano .<ref>Mguni, Mbongeni; Hill, Matthew (2 September 2025). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2025-09-02/next-africa-diamond-market-crisis-spells-disaster-for-botswana "Botswana Reels as Diamonds Lose Their Sparkle"]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved 21 October 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , Botswana e beilwe jaaka lefatshe la boraro le le naleng bonweenwee jo bo ko tlase mo Aforika mo [[:en:Corruption_Perceptions_Index|Tshupaneng ya Dikakanyo tsa Bonweenwee]] ke lekgotla la boditšhabatšhaba la go tlhokomela bonweenwee la [[:en:Transparency_International|Transparency International]]. E na le [[:en:List_of_countries_by_GNI_(PPP)_per_capita|lotseno lwa bone lo lo kwa godimo lwa bosetšhaba ka tlhogo mo maatleng a go reka]] mo Aforika le kwa godimo ga palogare ya lefatshe.<ref>[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.PP.CD?year_high_desc=true "GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)]". ''data.worldbank.org''. World Bank. Retrieved 12 January 2020.</ref> [[:en:Trade_unions_in_Botswana|Mekgatlho ya babereki]] e emetse palo e potlana ya babereki mo itsholelong ya Botswana. Ka kakaretso ke mekgatlho ya badiri e e rulagantsweng ka tsela e e sa gagamalang "ya mo ntlong", le fa [[:en:Botswana_Federation_of_Trade_Unions|Mokgatlho wa Badiri wa Botswana]] (BFTU) o tiisa seabe sa one jaaka [[:en:National_trade_union_centre|setheo se le sengwe fela sa bosetšhaba sa mekgatlho ya badiri mo]] [[:en:National_trade_union_centre|lefatsheng]].<ref>[[:en:International_Centre_for_Trade_Union_Rights|ICTUR]]; et&#x20;al., eds. (2005). ''Trade Unions of the World'' (6th&#x20;ed.). London, UK: John Harper Publishing. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-9543811-5-7|0-9543811-5-7]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20070926013529/http://www.fes.org.bw/Downloads/BFTU%20Globalization%202007.pdf Policy position paper on globalization – 2007]" (PDF). ''Botswana Federation of Trade Unions'': 25. Archived from [http://www.fes.org.bw/Downloads/BFTU%20Globalization%202007.pdf the original] (PDF) on 26 September 2007.</ref> Go ikaega ga Botswana ka [[:en:Mining_industry_of_Botswana|meepo]] go feta selekanyo le seelo se se kwa godimo sa tshwaetsego ya mogare wa [[:en:HIV/AIDS|HIV/AIDS]] (mogolo mongwe le mongwe mo go ba le batlhano diteko tsa gagwe tsa madi di netefatsa gore o nale mogare) le letlhoko la ditiro di ka tshosetsa katlego ya yona ya isago.<ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/botswana-warns-dangers-dash-african-minerals-2023-02-09/ Botswana warns of dangers in dash for African minerals]". ''Reuters''.</ref><ref>[https://www.unicef.org/botswana/hiv "HIV | UNICEF Botswana]". ''www.unicef.org''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> Botswana e nnile naga ya ntlha e e nang le morwalo o mogolo go newa setlankana sa go fitlhelela phitlhelelo e e botlhokwa mo tseleng ya go fedisa phetiso ya mogare wa HIV go tswa mo go mme go ya kwa leseeng ke Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Boitekanelo (WHO).<ref>"[https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/botswana-award-feature Botswana reaches key milestone in the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV]". ''www.who.int''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> == Ditso == [[:en:Agriculture|Temothuo]] e sa ntse e tlamela ka matshelo a le karolo ya masome a supa mo lekgolong ya baagi ba kwa magaeng mme e tlamela fela ka bokana jwa karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ya ditlhokego tsa dijo mme e ne e arabela karolo ya lesome ntlha ya borobabobedi mo lekgolong fela ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng go tloga kangwaga wa 2016.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20180921195852/http://www.economiesafricaines.com/en/countries/botswana/economic-sectors/the-agricultural-sector The agricultural sector in Botswana]". ''Economies Africaines''. Archived from [http://www.economiesafricaines.com/en/countries/botswana/economic-sectors/the-agricultural-sector the original] on 21 September 2018.</ref><ref name=":0">{{citation-attribution|{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Botswana|year=2000|url=http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/bc.html|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001119185100/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/bc.html |archive-date=November 19, 2000 }}}}</ref> [[:en:Subsistence_agriculture|Temothuo ya go itshidisa le ba lelwapa]] le go rua dikgomo ke tsone tse dintsi.<ref name=":0" /> Lekalana le le tshwerwe ke pula e e sa tlhomamang le mebu e e bokoa.<ref name=":0" /> Meepo ya diteemane le bojanala le tsone di botlhokwa mo itsholelong.<ref name=":0" /> Dipeeletso tse dintsi tsa ditswammung di ne tsa fitlhelwa ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa mme lekalana la meepo le ne la gola go tswa mo karolong ya masome a mabedi le botlhano mo lekgolong ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi go ya ko karolong a masome a mararo le borobabobedi mo lekgolong ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi.<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Shepherd on donkey on the move.jpg|thumb|Monna yo o palameng tonki o disa dipodi mo nokeng e e omileng]] Kgolo ya itsholelo e ne ya fokotsega ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano go fitlha ko ngwageng wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi mme ya fetoga go nna e e sa siamang ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe ka ntlha ya Kwelotlase e Kgolo ya itsholelo, ya ngotlega ka karolo ya botlhano ntlha pedi mo lekgolong.<ref>[https://www.thelugarcenter.org/assets/htmldocuments/Botswana%20brief%202.12.19_1.pdf "www.thelugarcenter.org]" (PDF).</ref> Se se ne sa gakadiwa ke kwelotlase e kgolo ya lefatshe lotlhe mo lekalaneng la madirelo, le le neng la ngotlega ka karolo ya masome a mararo mo lekgolong,<ref name=":2">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20220816000000/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana Botswana]". ''[[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]]'' (2022&#x20;ed.). [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. 16 August 2022.</ref> Kwelotlase e e tseneletseng ya itsholelo ya Botswana e ne e farologana le bontsi jwa ditšhaba tse dingwe tsa Aforika tse di neng tsa itemogela kgolo e e tswelelang mo pakeng eno.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004530/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2003rank.html CIA.gov] see also [[:en:File:GDP_Real_Growth.svg|File:GDP Real Growth.svg]]</ref> == Mokgwa wa itsholelo e kgolo == === Ditshupo tsa konokono === Tafole ya lenaneo e e latelang e supa ditshupo tsa konokono tsa itsholelo ka ngwaga wa1980 go ya kwa ngwageng wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le borataro. Koketsego ya ditlhwatlhwa e e kwa tlase ga karolo ya botlhano mo lekgolong e supiwa ka botala jwa tlhaga.<ref>"[https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/BWA Botswana]". ''www.imf.org''. Retrieved 5 May 2026.</ref> == Kgwebo ka go reka le go rekisa dithoto == [[Setshwantsho:Botswana rail network map.svg|thumb|Setshwantso sa mafaratlhatlha sa diterena tsa Botswana]] [[Setshwantsho:Gaborone Main Mall road.jpg|thumb|Tsela mo [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]]]] Botswana o kgabaganngwa ke tsela ya dikoloi e e kgabaganyang Aforika - [[:en:Cairo-Cape_Town_Highway|Tselakgolo ya Cairo-Cape Town]] le [[:en:Trans-Kalahari_Corridor|tsela ya dipalangwa ya go kgabaganya Kalahari]]. Botswana ke karolo ya Kopano ya Melelwane ya Borwa jwa Aforika ([[:en:SACU|SACU]]) le mafatshe a Aforika Borwa, Lesotho, Eswatini, le Namibia. [[:en:World_Bank|Banka ya Lefatshe]] [[:en:World_Bank|lotlhe]] e bega gore ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (ngwaga wa bošeng jaana o tshedimosetso ya Banka ya Lefatshe lotlhe e leng teng), SACU e ne e na le palogare e e [[:en:Common_external_tariff|bokete ya seelo sa dituediso]] tse di tlwaelegileng tsa kwa ntle sa karolo ya boraro ntlha ya borataro mo lekgolong. Go ya ka [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Commerce|Lephata la Kgwebo la lefatshe la U.S]]., "go na le dikgoreletsi di le mmalwa fela tsa dituediso kgotsa tse e seng tsa dituediso tsa go gweba le Botswana, kwa ntle ga dithibelo tsa go fiwa di tetla tsa ditiro dingwe tsa kgwebo, tse di beetsweng di kompone tsa [Botswana] fela." Go ikaegilwe ka mokgwa o o tlhabolotsweng wa ntlha ya kgwebisano, maduo a melawana ya kgwebisano ya Botswana ga a fetoge.<ref>{{unfit|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081216102841/http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/country.cfm?id=Botswana Botswana and WTO]}}</ref> Thomelo ya kwa ntle e kgolo ya lefatshe la Botswana ke ditaemane.<ref>"[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-market-overview Botswana - Market Overview]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone ke lefatshe la thomelo ya kwa ntle ya bobedi mo lefatsheng ya ditaemane.<ref>[https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/highest-diamond-producing-countries-2024/ "Highest Diamond Producing Countries 2024]". ''GeeksforGeeks''. 14 February 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Ka ntlha ya go ikaega thata ga lefatshe la Botswana ka diteemane, tlhokego e e maatla ya lefatshe ka bophara e botlhokwa mo boitekanelong jwa itsholelo.<ref>Ben-Zvi, Gidon (21 December 2023). [https://rapaport.com/analysis/a-new-dawn-for-the-botswana-diamond-industry/ "A New Dawn for the Botswana Diamond Industry"]. ''Rapaport''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Thomelo kwa ntle ya teemane e tlamela itsholelo ya lefatshe la Botswana ka tlamelo e e nonofileng ya madi a boditšhaba mme di neetse motheo wa tlhabololo ya madirelo le go tlhotlheletsa ditokafatso mo mafaratlhatlheng a lefatshe la Botswana.<ref>"[https://www.diamondfacts.org/infrastructure-development/ Infrastructure Development]". ''Diamond Facts''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa di na le seabe se segolo mo itsholelong ya Botswana, go na le matshwenyego a gore meepo ya diteemane ga e tlhoke badiri ba le bantsi go ka tlamela ka tiro e e lekaneng ya badiri ba Botswana, mme go sa tshwane mo go ne go umakilwe jaaka ntlha ya seelo se se kwa godimo sa letlhoko la ditiro mo lefatsheng.<ref>Guest, Peter (3 December 2015). [https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/03/africa/botswana-diamonds-jwaneng/index.html "Inside the world's richest diamond mine"]. CNN. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref><ref>"[http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details.php?nid=4811 Outlook for 2018 robust]". ''The Weekend Post''. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> == Meepo == ''Setlhogo sa konokono: [[:en:Mining_in_Botswana|Meepo mo Botswana]]'' Dikompone tse pedi tse dikgolo tsa meepo, [[:en:Debswana|Debswana]] (tse di bopilweng ke puso le [[:en:De_Beers|De Beers]] ya Aforika Borwa ka tirisanommogo e e lekanang) le Bamangwato Concessions, Ltd. (BCL, le yone e na le seabe se segolo sa tekatekano ya puso) di dira mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /> BCL e ne ya bewa mo tshekatshekong ya nakwana kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro , morago ga dingwaga tsa ditiro tse di dirang ditatlhegelo, mme e ne ya bewa mo tshekatshekong ya bofelo ke Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa.<ref>Rearabilwe Ramaphane (26 April 2017). [http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details.php?nid=3402 "Liquidator certifies BCL dead!]". ''Weekend Post''.</ref> === Ditaemane le majana a mangwe === [[Setshwantsho:Jwaneng Open Mine.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Jwaneng_diamond_mine|Moepo wa teemane wa Jwaneng]] ke wa bobedi mo lefatsheng la gompieno<ref>Groot, Robert (30 September 2022). [https://www.royalcoster.com/blogs/craftmanship/top-10-biggest-diamond-mines "Top 10 Biggest Diamond Mines"]. ''Royal Coster Diamonds''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref>]] Go tloga ka tshimologo ya dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi, lefatshe le le nnile nngwe ya mafatshe a a tlhagisang ditaemane tsa maje a a tlhokegang thata mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-mining-minerals "Botswana - Mining & Minerals]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Meepo e megolo ya teemane e le borobabobedi e butswe fa e sale Botswana e bona boipuso.<ref>[https://minedocs.com/20/DTC_Botswana_Global_Publications_Journey_Botswanas_Diamonds.pdf "minedocs.com/20/DTC_Botswana_Global_Publications_Journey_Botswanas_Diamonds.pdf"] (PDF). ''Minedocs.com''. p.&#x20;2.</ref> Babatli ba De Beers ba ribolotse di teemane kwa bokone jwa Botswana mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo 1970.<ref name=":1" /> Moepo wa ntlha o ne wa simolola go dira kwa lefelong la [[:en:Orapa_diamond_mine|Orapa]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bobedi , mme wa latelwa ke moepo o monnye kwa lefelong la [[:en:Letlhakane_diamond_mine|Letlhakane]].<ref name=":1" /> Se se fetogileng moepo o le mongwe o o humileng go gaisa wa di teemane mo lefatsheng o ne wa bulwa kwa lefelong la [[:en:Jwaneng_diamond_mine|Jwaneng]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bobedi.<ref name=":1" /> Moepo o ne wa bonwa fa metlhwa e e neng di batla metsi e ne e tlisa ditlhaka tsa teemane mo godimo ga metsi.<ref name=":3">''Botswana Business Law Handbook Strategic Information and Laws''. USA International Business Publications. Intl Business Pubns USA. 2012. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-6945-5|978-1-4387-6945-5]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/746835808 746835808].</ref> Botswana e tlhagisitse palo yotlhe ya di karate di le didikadike tse masome a mabedi le bone tsa di teemane go tswa kwa Debswana ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi,<ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/botswana-president-insists-bigger-share-diamonds-de-beers-venture-2023-05-25/#:~:text=L)%20%2C%20opens%20new%20tab%2C,of%20the%20De%20Beers%20system. Botswana president insists on bigger share of diamonds from De Beers venture]". ''Reuters''. 25 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> mme ke yone e e tlhagisang di teemane go gaisa tsotlhe ka boleng mo lefatsheng go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro.<ref>"[https://www.visualcapitalist.com/cp/world-diamond-mining-by-country/ Ranked: The World's Top Diamond Mining Countries, by Carats]". ''Visual Capitalist''. 29 September 2023.</ref>Katoloso ya Orapa 2000 ya moepo o o leng teng wa Orapa e ne ya bulwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi.<ref name=":1" /> Go ya ka Debswana, lenaneo la Katoloso ya Orapa 2000 le oketsa dipoelo tsa ngwaga le ngwaga tsa moepo wa Orapa go tswa go dikarate di le didikadike di le thataro go ya go dikarate di le didikadike di le lesome le bobedi mme ya tlhatlosa tlhagiso yotlhe go ya go dikarate di le didikadike di le masome a mabedi le borataro.<ref>[http://www.debswana.com/About-Us/Pages/Our-History.aspx "Our History]". Debswana. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedile boraro, Debswana e ne ya bula [[:en:Damtshaa_diamond_mine|moepo wa teemane wa Damtshaa]] o o neng o le dikilometara di ka nna makgolo a le mabedi le bobedi (seele sa maele wa lekgolo le masome a mane) kwa bophirima jwa toropokgolo ya [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]]. Moepo o ne wa bewa mo tlhokomelong le pabalelong ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano ka ntlha ya tlhokego e e bokoa ya lefatshe mme go ne go rulagantswe gore o bulwe gape ka kgwedi ya Firikgong k ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20180714032932/http://www.debeersgroup.com/botswana/en/who-we-are/de-beers-in-botswana/debswana/damtshaa.html Damtshaa – Debswana's newest mine]". De Beers Group. Archived from [http://www.debeersgroup.com/botswana/en/who-we-are/de-beers-in-botswana/debswana/damtshaa.html the original] on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref><ref>"[http://www.diamonds.net/News/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=59486&ArticleTitle=De+Beers+to+Resurrect+Damtshaa+Mine De Beers to Resurrect Damtshaa Mine]". Rapaport News. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi, Kompone ya Ditaemane ya lefatshe la Australia ya Kimberley e ne ya bula moepo kwa lefelong la [[:en:Lerala|Lerala]], e le moepo wa botlhano mo Botswana e bile e le wa ntlha o o sa tsamaisiweng ke Debswana.<ref>"[http://www.abnnewswire.net/press/en/44155/DIAMONEX-LIMITED.html Diamonex Limited Acquires Kimberlite Pipes in USA]". ABN Newswire. Retrieved 20 January 2008.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, lefelo la Kimberley le ne la tswala moepo ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa, a umaka maemo a a bokoa a mmaraka.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20170605021400/http://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFKBN18S4Z4-OZABS Botswana Lerala Diamond Mine shuts down – newspaper]". Reuters Africa. Archived from [https://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFKBN18S4Z4-OZABS the original] on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Bontsi jwa motlakase wa lefatshe la Botswana o tswa kwa [[:en:Eskom|Eskom]] ya lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>"[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-energy Botswana - Energy]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Debswana e tsamaisa Moepo wa [[:en:Morupule_Colliery|Malatlha a Morupule]] o o gaufi go e tlamela ka magala.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060217023857/http://www.miningweekly.co.za/min/sector/coal/?show=75117 "Creamer Media's Mining Weekly Online, South African Mining News :: Coal]". Archived from [http://www.miningweekly.co.za/min/sector/coal/?show%3D75117 the original] on 17 February 2006. Retrieved 5 May 2016.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana e rometse kwa ntle motlakase wa boleng jwa dikete di le tharo le lekgolo le masome a mabedi ( e leng di dollara dile tharo le ntlha e nngwe le bobedi) go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi, otlhe o ya kwa lefatsheng la Zimbabwe.<ref>"[https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/electricity/reporter/bwa Electricity in Botswana]". ''The Observatory of Economic Complexity''. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Mo tshimologong ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi , kgaolo yotlhe ya borwa jwa Aforika e ne ya amiwa thata ke tlhaelo e kgolo ya maatla, ga e sale kgaolo e dira go abelana metswedi ya yone ya maatla ka [[:en:Southern_African_Power_Pool|Southern African Power Pool,]] ka bontsi jwa bokgoni jwa yone bo tswa kwa lefatsheng la Aforika Borwa. Lefatshe la Botswana le lone le beile maano a go nna maromela kwa ntle wa motlakase kwa letangwaneng la kgaolo, ka katoloso ya puso ya seteišene sa motlakase sa Morupule, mmogo le go rotloetsa dipeeletso tse e seng tsa puso ka sebopego sa seteišene sa motlakase sa di-gigawatt di le nne ke kompone ya lefatshe la Canada ya CIC Energy. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi, CIC Energy e ne ya bonwa ke [[:en:Jindal_Steel_and_Power|Tshipi le Motlakase tsa Jindal]] tsa lefatshe la India. Ga jaana Jindal Africa e ikaeletse go dira meepo e le meraro ya fa godimo ga lefatshe mo mafelong a magala a [[:en:Mmamabula|Mmamabula]], mmogo le setlamo sa motlakase. Go ya ka kompone, "tlhabololo ya moepo e tla fitlhelela ditlhokego tsa diteišene tsa motlakase tsa maatla a motlakase makgolo a marataro le mebaraka ya magala a kgaolo ya thomelo kwa ntle, ka bokgoni jwa go thapa batho ba feta dikete tse pedi."<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230521201948/https://www.jindalafrica.com/countries/botswana/botswana-overview Botswana Overview]". Jindal Africa. Archived from [http://www.jindalafrica.com/countries/botswana/botswana-overview the original] on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref><ref>"[https://www.globalmethane.org/documents/toolsres_coal_overview_ch3.pdf Botswana]" (PDF). Global Methane Initiative. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111009103709/http://www.globalmethane.org/documents/toolsres_coal_overview_ch3.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana gape o tlhagisa [[:en:Soda_ash|molora wa soda]] ka Botash, e leng kgwebo e e kopanetsweng magareng ga puso le Setlhopha sa Chlor-Alkali Holdings (CAH) sa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa. Botash e ntse e dira kwa [[:en:Sua_Pan|Letsheng la Sua]] kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa lefatshe la Botswana fa e sale ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20201202065435/https://botash.bw/company-history/ Company History]". Botash. Archived from [http://www.botash.bw/company-history/ the original] on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> == Bojanala == ''Pego ya konokono: [[:en:Tourism_in_Botswana|Bojanala mo Botswana]]'' Bojanala ke madirelo a a ntseng a nna botlhokwa thata mo lefatsheng la Botswana, a a dirang mo e ka nnang karolo ya lesome le boraro ntlha nngwe mo lekgolong ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe.<ref>"[https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210209005667/en/Botswana-Tourism-Industry-Report-2021---ResearchAndMarkets.com Botswana Tourism Industry Report 2021 - ResearchAndMarkets.com]". ''www.businesswire.com''. 9 February 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref>Le fa go ntse jalo, Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone, go ne ga begwa gore e ne e le kwa tlase ga karolo ya lesome mo lekgolong .<ref>[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-travel-and-tourism "Botswana - Travel and Tourism]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Nngwe ya dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tse di kgethegileng mo lefatsheng, e leng [[:en:Okavango_Delta|Lefelo la noka e phatlhallang la Okavango]] , e mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":1" /> Lefatshe le fa tshono ya go lebelela diphologolo le go bona dinonyane kwa lefelong la noka e phatlhallang le kwa [[:en:Chobe_National_Park|Lefelong la diphologolo la Setshaba la Chobe]] —e e leng legae la nngwe ya metlhape e megolo thata ya ditlou tse di tsamayang ka kgololesego mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /> Lefelo la lefatshe la Botswana la [[:en:Central_Kalahari_Game_Reserve|legae la diphologolo le le mo bogareng jwa Kalahari]] gape le na le tshono ya go lebelela diphologolo le dingwe tsa naga tse di kgakala le tse di sa senngwang mo borwa jwa Aforika.<ref name=":1" /> Lefelo la diphologolo tsa bosetšhaba di le mmalwa le dipolokelo tsa diphologolo, ka diphologolo tsa tsone tse dintsi tsa naga le mafelo a a metsi, ke dilo tse dikgolo tse di ngokang bajanala.<ref>"[https://www.botswanasafarisokavangodelta.com/parks-reserves Botswana Wildlife National Parks & Reserves]". ''AfricanMecca Safaris''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> Mafelo a konokono a [[:en:Safari|loeto la go lebela diphologolo le dijanala]] a bojanala ke [[:en:Moremi_Game_Reserve|Lefelo la Diphologolo la Moremi]]<ref>"[https://www.moremi.com/index.php Moremi Game Reserve: Botswana's wildlife haven for an unmatched safari experience]". ''Moremi.com''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> mo [[:en:Okavango_Delta|Lefelo la noka e phatlhallang la Okavango]], le lefelo la Bosetšhaba ya Chobe. Lefatshe la Botswana le lone le tsaya karolo mo ditirong tsa tsamaiso ya ditsa tlholego tse di dirwang ke setshaba ka go leka go akaretsa banni ba motse mo bojanaleng. Sekao sengwe ke motse wa [[:en:Khwai|Khwai]]<ref>"[https://africanbushcamps.com/destinations/botswana/khwai-community-area/ Khwai Community Area]". ''African Bush Camps''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> le Terasete ya yona ya Tlhabololo ya Khwai.<ref>"[http://www.khwaitrust.co.bw/ Khwai Development Trust]". ''Khwai Development Trust''. Retrieved 1 May 2024.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana e ne e le lefelo la filimi ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobediya [[:en:The_Gods_Must_Be_Crazy|The Gods Must Be Crazy]], le fa filimi e e ne e diriwa kwa thata mo Aforika Borwa. [[:en:The_Amazing_Race_7|Setlha sa bosupa]] sa [[:en:The_Amazing_Race_(American_TV_series)|''The Amazing Race'']] se etetse Botswana. Bojanala bo tlhotlheleditswe ke [[:en:The_No._1_Ladies'_Detective_Agency|motseletsele wa dipadi tsa matseka]] ka [[:en:Alexander_McCall_Smith|Alexander McCall Smith]] le terama ya Amerika e e neng ya di latela.<ref>Canby, Vincent (28 October 1984). "[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/28/arts/film-view-is-the-gods-must-be-crazy-only-a-comedy.html FILM VIEW; IS 'THE GODS MUST BE CRAZY' ONLY A COMEDY?"]. ''The New York Times''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> == Temothuo == Go feta sephatlo sa baagi ba Botswana ba nna kwa metseselegaeng mme ba ikaegile ka dijalo tsa go iphedisa le go rua diruiwa.<ref name=":1" /> Temothuo e fitlhelela fela karolo e nnye ya ditlhokego tsa dijo mme e na le seabe sa karolo ya bongwe ntlha e robangbobedi fela ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ya Botswana go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi lelesome le bosupa, go ya ka CIA World Factbook.<ref name=":2" />Diphopholetso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone di boletse fa e santse e le kwa tlase ga karolo ya bobedi mo lekgolong ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ya lefatshe la Botswana.<ref>[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-agricultural-sectors "Botswana - Agricultural Sectors]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Go rua dikgomo go ne go laola botshelo jwa loago le itsholele ya Botswana pele ga boipuso.<ref name=":1" />[[:en:Botswana_Meat_Commission|Setlhopa sa dipatlisiso ya Nama ya Botswana]] (BMC) e na le taolo e le nosi mo tlhagisong ya nama ya kgomo, le fa go ntse jalo kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro , e ne ya fela.<ref>Mguni, Mbongeni. [https://www.mmegi.bw/business/bmc-monopoly-nears-end-as-cabinet-approves-meat-regulator/news "BMC monopoly nears end as Cabinet approves meat regulator"].</ref>Motlhape wa bosetšhaba o ne o ka nna didikadike di le mabedi le ntlha e le nngwe mo lekgolong mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe, le fa go bolawa ga motlhape otlhe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe lebotlhano go go laetsweng ke puso kwa Kgaolong ya [[:en:Ngamiland|Ngamiland]] kwa bokone-bophirima jwa Botswana, go thibela go anama ga "bolwetse jwa makgwafo a dikgomo" kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa naga, go fokoditse palo ka bonnye jwa didikadike dile pedi.<ref name=":4">"[http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/ Botswana production in 2018, by FAO"]</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana le tlhagisitse, ka ngwaga dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi: * lekgolo le bobedi ditone tse sekete tsa motso le tubers; * masome amane le borataro a sekete sa ditone tsa meroho; * ditone di le dikete di le lesome le bosupa tsa mabele; * ditone di le dikete di le lesome le boraro tsa mmidi; * boferabobedi jwa ditone tse sekete tsa hop; * borataro jwa ditone tse sekete tsa onion; * botlhano jwa ditone tse sekete tsa tamati; Mo godimo ga dikumo tse dinnye tsa dikumo tse dingwe tsa temothuo<ref name=":4" /> == Tlhagiso == Madirelo a tlhagiso mo lefatsheng la Botswana<ref>"[https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/sectors/ Sectors]"</ref> <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230521201949/https://www.gobotswana.com/sector/manufacturing Manufacturing | Go Botswana]". Archived from [https://www.gobotswana.com/sector/manufacturing the original] on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2021.</ref>di akaretsa go dira dijo, bogolo jang go dira nama ya kgomo, go dira diteemane, go dira matsela le diaparo, go dira dino, go dira mabenyane, ditshipi le dithoto tsa tshipi, go dira molora, go dira didirisiwa tsa kago, le go [[:en:Glass_production|dira galase]]. Tlhagiso e na le kgolo e e ka nnang teng, le fa go ntse jalo,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240505114036/http://www.hrdc.org.bw/manufacturing-sector "Manufacturing Sector | HRDC]". ''www.hrdc.org.bw''. Archived from [http://www.hrdc.org.bw/manufacturing-sector the original] on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> e dira mo e ka nnang karolo ya botlhano mo lekgolong ya palogotlhe ya [[:en:Gross_domestic_product|dikumo tsa selegae tsa]] [[:en:Gross_domestic_product|lefatshe]].<ref>"[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.IND.MANF.ZS?locations=BW World Bank Open Data]". ''World Bank Open Data''. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Mo dingwageng tse di fetileng, go nnile le kwelotlase e e bonalang mo seabeng sa lekalana la tlhagiso mo itsholelong ya bosetšhaba. Lebaka la se le ka tlhomamisiwa mo dintlheng di le mmalwa, tsa konokono e le go tlhoka bokgoni, go palelwa ke go tsamaisana le maranyane a sešweng, go tlhoka kgaisano mmogo le mekgwa e e sa siamang ya go rekisa.<ref>[https://www.ceda.co.bw/sites/default/files/Publications/ASSESSMENT_OF_INVESTMENT_OPPORTUNITIES_WITH_THE_MANUFACTURING_SECTOR_IN_BOTSWANA-JUNE_2020.pdfhttps://www.ceda.co.bw/sites/default/files/Publications/ASSESSMENT_OF_INVESTMENT_OPPORTUNITIES_WITH_THE_MANUFACTURING_SECTOR_IN_BOTSWANA-JUNE_2020.pdf "www.ceda.co.bw/sites/default/files/Publications/ASSESSMENT_OF_INVESTMENT_OPPORTUNITIES_WITH_THE_MANUFACTURING_SECTOR_IN_BOTSWANA-JUNE_2020.pdf"] (PDF). ''CEDA''.</ref> == Thuto ya bonetetshi le maranyane == Go na le lephata le le golang la bonetetshi mo lefatsheng Botswana. Palo ya dikgatiso tsa borasaense ba lefatshe la Botswana tse di kwadilweng mo lenaaneng la dipolokelotshedimosetso tsa boditšhabatšhaba e oketsegile go tswa go lekgolo le masome a mararo le boraro ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe go ya ko makgolong a mabedi le lesome ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi , lefatshe la Botswana e tlhagisitse di pego tsa dikwalo tsa saense le maranyane di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a borobabobedi le bongwe. Lefatshe le na le nngwe ya maemo a a kwa godimo a go dira dithoto tsa bonetesthi mo Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara.<ref>"[https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000235406_eng Southern Africa. In: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (PDF])"</ref><ref>"[https://knoema.com/atlas/Botswana/Number-of-scientific-journal-articles Botswana – Number of scientific and technical journal articles]</ref> Lefatshe gape le na le madirelo a maranyane a a kwa godimo, a e leng legae la dikompone di le mmalwa tsa maranyane ya tshedimosetso.<ref>"[https://www.localbotswana.com/category/Information_technology Best Information Technology Companies in Botswana]"</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi , dilo tse di romelwang kwa ntle tsa maranyane a a kwa godimo tsa Botswana di ne di le bokana ka dikete di le boraro le borobabobedi tsa di dolara.<ref>"[https://knoema.com/atlas/Botswana/High-technology-exports Botswana – High-technology exports in current prices]"</ref> == Tlhabololo ya lekala la poraefete le dipeeletso tsa kwa ntle == [[Setshwantsho:Tourist Resort at Kasane.jpg|thumb|Lefelo la bojanala kwa [[:en:Kasane|Kasane]]]] Botswana e batla go farologanya itsholelo ya yone go tswa mo ditswammung,<ref name=":1" /> tse dituelo tsa yone di lekalekaneng.<ref>"[https://www.oecd.org/countries/botswana/35176115.pdf 001331-08 Botswana 6"] (PDF). ''OECD''.</ref> Dipeeletso tsa kwa ntle mo lefatsheng la Botswana di godile sentle. Mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe, dikompone tse pedi tsa lefatshe la Amerika, Owens Corning le Heinz, di ne tsa dira dipeeletso tse dikgolo mo mafelong a tlhagiso kwa Botswana.<ref>[https://archivesspace.uncw.edu/repositories/5/archival_objects/63351 "Articles and reports by Hans-Joachim (H.J.) Heinz, 1962-1971]". ''UNCW archives''.</ref>Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa , setlhopha sa St. Paul se ne sa reka Botswana Insurance, e leng nngwe ya dikompone tse di di gogang kwa pele mo lefatsheng leno ka tiisetso ya tshireletso kgatlhanong le tatlhegelo ya paka e khutshwane. Lekgotla la Kgwebo la lefatshe la Amerika (ABC), le le nang le dikompone tse di fetang masome a mararo tse di leng maloko, le ne la tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano.<ref>"[https://www.abc.org.bw/ AMERICAN BUSINESS COUNCIL OF BOTSWANA]". ''www.abc.org.bw''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Hyundai e ne e na le madirelo a go kopanya dikoloi kwa lefatsheng la Botswana go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090106025801/http://www.gov.bw/economy/index.html "The Government of Botswana – Economic Snapshot]". Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/economy/index.html the original] on 6 January 2009.</ref> Botswana e batla go tswelela go farologanya itsholelo ya yone go tswa mo ditswammung,<ref name=":1" /> tse di dirang kotara ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ,<ref>"[https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/botswana/147499.htm Botswana (03/26/10])". ''U.S. Department of State''. Retrieved 22 October 2021.</ref> go tswa go mo e ka nnang sephatlho sa palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe .<ref name=":1" /> Dipeeletso le botsamaisi jwa kwa ntle di a amogelwa mo lefatsheng la Botswana<ref name=":1" /> mme, ka ntlha ya seo, makalana a matlole le ditirelo a oketsegile ka seelo se se kwa godimo ka dingwaga tsa bo dikete tse pedi go emisetsa meepo jaaka madirelo a a eteletseng pele.<ref name=":3" /> Botswana e fedisitse [[:en:Foreign_exchange_controls|ditaolo tsa kananyo ya madi a]] [[:en:Foreign_exchange_controls|mafatshe]] a sele ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe, e na le seelo se se kwa tlase sa lekgetho la dikompone(karolo ya lesome le botlhano mo lekgolong), ga go na dithibelo tsa go nna le dikompone tsa mafatshe a sele, mme go tloga ka kgwedi ya Firikgong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone e ka nna karolo ya bone mo lekgolong.<ref>[https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/Consumer%20Price%20Index%20January%202024.pdf "CONSUMER PRICE INDEX JANUARY 2024]" (PDF). ''Statistics Botswana''.</ref> == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} == Maranyane a mangwe == * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Botswana/Business_and_Economy/Economic_Development}}DMOZ{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Botswana/Business_and_Economy/Economic_Development}} * [http://www.trademap.org/open_access/Index.aspx?proceed=true&reporter=072 Botswana latest trade data on ITC Trade Map] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080921071451/http://mbendi.co.za/land/af/bo/p0005.htm MBendi Botswana overview] * [http://www.mining-technology.com/projects/debswana/ Debswana mine] p9zpykf19oqjdrg7n9q59djwn1zxti3 52789 52788 2026-07-20T07:02:26Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox economy | country = Botswana | year = 21 April - 32 March | image = | image_size = 420px | caption = [[botsswanna in botswannaiTowers of Masa Square CBD|Masa Square Central Business District]] | currency = [[Botswana Pula|Pula]] (BWP, P) | organs = [[African Union|AU]], [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]] (signed), [[Southern African Development Community|SADC]], [[Southern African Customs Union|SACU]], [[World Trade Organization|WTO]] | group = {{plainlist| *[[Developing country|Developing/Emerging]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weoselco.aspx?g=2200&sg=All+countries+%2f+Emerging+market+and+developing+economies |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref> *Upper-middle income economy<ref>{{cite web |url=https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups |title=World Bank Country and Lending Groups |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=datahelpdesk.worldbank.org |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref>}} | population = {{increase}} 2,397,240 (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=BW |title=Population, total - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-date=21 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821123757/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref> | gdp = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} $16.90 billion (nominal, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=26&pr.y=21&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=616&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org | access-date=17 November 2019}}</ref> *{{increase}} $43.907 billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]], 2019 est.)<ref name="2020/01">{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2020 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2020/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=28&pr.y=20&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=616&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CPPPGDP%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref>}} | gdp rank = {{plainlist| *[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|114th (nominal, 2019)]] *[[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|113th (PPP, 2019)]]}} | growth = {{plainlist| *14.5%&nbsp;(2018) 3.0%&nbsp;(2019e) *−5.4%&nbsp;(2020e) 6.8%&nbsp;(2021e)<ref name="2020/01"/>}} | per capita = {{plainlist| *{{decrease}} $7,859 (nominal, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW"/> *{{increase}} $18,558 (PPP, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW"/>}} | per capita rank = {{plainlist| *[[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita|78th (nominal, 2019)]] *[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|75th (PPP, 2018)]]}} | sectors = {{plainlist| *[[agriculture]]: 1.8% *[[Industrial sector|industry]]: 27.5% *[[Tertiary sector of the economy|services]]: 70.6% *(2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ |title=The World Factbook |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |website=CIA.gov |access-date=15 May 2019 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | inflation = 2.1% (2020 est.)<ref name="2020/01"/> | poverty = {{plainlist| *16.3% ({{As of|2016|alt=2016}})<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdb.org/en/countries/southern-africa/botswana/botswana-economic-outlook/|title=Botswana Economic Outlook|date=29 March 2019}}</ref> *60.4% on less than $5.50/day (2015)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.UMIC?locations=BW |title=Poverty headcount ratio at $5.50 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=4 December 2019 |archive-date=27 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127133918/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.UMIC?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | gini = 53.3 {{color|red|high}} (2015)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> | hdi = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} 0.728 {{color|green|high}} (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506 |title=Human Development Index (HDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref> ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|94th]]) *{{steady}} N/A [[List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI|IHDI]] (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-3-inequality-adjusted-human-development-index-ihdi |title=Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref>}} | labor = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} 1,107,235 (2019)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=BW |title=Labor force, total - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> *55.7% employment rate (2013)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.NE.ZS?locations=BW |title=Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate) - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922090025/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.NE.ZS?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | edbr = {{decrease}} [[Ease of doing business index#Ranking|87th (easy, 2020)]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/botswana |title=Ease of Doing Business in Botswana |publisher=Doingbusiness.org |access-date=24 November 2017 }}</ref> | unemployment = 17.7% ({{As of|2017|alt=2017}})<ref name="autogenerated2"/> | industries = [[diamond]]s, [[copper]], [[nickel]], [[salt]], [[soda ash]], [[potash]], [[coal]], [[iron ore]], [[silver]]; [[beef]] processing; [[textiles]] | exports = {{decrease}} $5.934 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | export-goods = [[diamond]]s, [[copper]], [[nickel]], [[soda ash]], [[beef]], [[textiles]] | export-partners = {{plainlist| *{{flag|Belgium}} 20.3% *{{flag|India}} 12.6% *{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} 12.4% *{{flag|South Africa}} 11.9% *{{flag|Singapore}} 8.7% *{{flag|Israel}} 7% *{{flag|Hong Kong}} 4.1% *{{flag|Namibia}} 4.1% *(2017)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | imports = {{decrease}} $5.005 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | import-goods = foodstuffs, [[machinery]], [[electrical]] goods, [[transport]] equipment, [[textiles]], [[fuel]] and [[petroleum]] products, [[wood]] and [[paper]] products, [[metal]] and [[metal]] products | import-partners = {{plainlist| *{{flag|South Africa}} 66.1% *{{flag|Canada}} 8.3% *{{flag|Israel}} 5.3% *(2017)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | current account = {{decrease}} $2.146 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | FDI = {{plainlist| *{{decrease}} $5.319 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> *{{increase}} Abroad: $1.973 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | gross external debt = {{decreasePositive}} $2.187 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | debt = {{decreasePositive}} 21.7% of GDP (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indexmundi.com/es/botsuana/deuda_publica.html|title=Deuda pública - Botsuana - Economía}}</ref> | revenue = 5.305 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | expenses = 5.478 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | balance = −1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | aid = $73 million ({{As of|1995|alt=1995}}) | credit = {{plainlist| *[[Standard & Poor's]]:<ref>{{cite web |title= Sovereigns rating list |publisher=Standard & Poor's |url=http://www.standardandpoors.com/ratings/sovereigns/ratings-list/en/eu/?subSectorCode=39 |access-date=26 May 2011}}</ref> *A (Domestic) *A- (Foreign) *A+ (T&C Assessment)}} | reserves = {{increase}} $7.491 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | cianame = botswana | spelling = }} [[:en:Botswana|Botswana]] o na le [[:en:Developing_country|itsholelo e e tlhabologang]] e e tsewang e le ya lotseno lo lo kwa godimo go ya kwa bogareng. Kgolo ya tiro ya lekalana le e seng la puso e ne e le palogare ya bokana ka karolo ya lesome mo lekgolong ka ngwaga mo dingwageng tsa ntlha di le masome a mararo tsa boipuso jwa lefatshe. Morago ga paka ya go ema hela go sa irege sepe kwa tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa masome a mabedi le bongwe, itsholelo ya [[:en:Botswana|Botswana]] e ne ya kwadisa maemo a a nonofileng a kgolo, ka kgolo ya Palo yotlhe ya dithoro le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng e e neng ya feta dintlha tsa karolo ya borataro go ya kwa bosupeng mo lekgolong. Kgolo ya itsholelo fa e sale ka bofelo jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1960 e ntse e lekana le itsholelo dingwe tse dikgolo tsa lefatshekgolo le le naleng di karolo tsa mafatshe Asia.<ref>Leith, J. Clark (2005). ''[https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt80xfp Why Botswana Prospered]''. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp.&#x20;ix-2. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2820-8|<bdi>978-0-7735-2820-8</bdi>.]] [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt80xfp j.ctt80xfp].</ref> Puso e ntse e tshegetsa lefetiso la tekanyetsokabo ka tlhomamo mme e na le [[:en:Foreign-exchange_reserves|dipolokelo tse dintsi tsa kananyo ya madi a]] [[:en:Foreign-exchange_reserves|mafatshe a sele]].<ref>[http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/489431468012950282/pdf/95304-REPLACEMENT-SCD-P150575-PUBLIC-Botswana-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic-Report.pdf "BOTSWANA: Systematic Country Diagnostic]" (PDF). World Bank Group. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/489431468012950282/pdf/95304-REPLACEMENT-SCD-P150575-PUBLIC-Botswana-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic-Report.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Kgolo ya itsholelo ya Botswana fa e bapisiwa le mafatshe a mangwe a a mabapi le yone, e agilwe mo motheong wa meepo ya diteemane, melawana e e botlhale ya matlole, le molawana o o kelotlhoko wa dinaga di sele.<ref name=":1">{{citation-attribution|{{Cite web|date=May 2002|title=Background Note: Botswana |url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020606143242/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm| archive-date=June 6, 2002 |publisher=[[U.S. Department of State]]}}}}</ref> Itsholelo ya lefatshe la Botswana e ikaegile thata ka go epa diteemane. Meepo ya diteemane e na le seabe mo karolong ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ya lotseno lwa puso bogolosegolo ka tirisanommogo e mo go yone matlhakore ka bobedi a naleng seabe sa karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong le De Beers mo [[:en:Debswana|komponeng ya Diteemane ya Debswana]].<ref>Makoni, Patricia Lindelwa (4 May 2017). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311238609 "Exploring economic structure and drivers of economic growth in Botswana"]. ''Journal of Governance and Regulation''. '''4''': 672–678 &#x2013; via ResearchGate.</ref> Diteemane tse di dirwang mo lefelong la diteko di dirile gore go nne le phokotsego e e bonalang ya tlhokego ya lefatshe ka bophara ya ditaemane tse di epilweng go simolola mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi . Phokotso e e bakilweng ke boleng jwaditaemane tse di romelwang kwa ntle e ne ya dira gore Letlole la madi la boditshabtshaba le bonele ko pele gore lefatshe la Botswana le tla nna le tlhaelo ya matlole ya karolo ya lesome le bongwe mo lekgolong, mme lephata la matlole la Botswana le bonele pele kgolo e e sa siamang ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano .<ref>Mguni, Mbongeni; Hill, Matthew (2 September 2025). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2025-09-02/next-africa-diamond-market-crisis-spells-disaster-for-botswana "Botswana Reels as Diamonds Lose Their Sparkle"]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved 21 October 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , Botswana e beilwe jaaka lefatshe la boraro le le naleng bonweenwee jo bo ko tlase mo Aforika mo [[:en:Corruption_Perceptions_Index|Tshupaneng ya Dikakanyo tsa Bonweenwee]] ke lekgotla la boditšhabatšhaba la go tlhokomela bonweenwee la [[:en:Transparency_International|Transparency International]]. E na le [[:en:List_of_countries_by_GNI_(PPP)_per_capita|lotseno lwa bone lo lo kwa godimo lwa bosetšhaba ka tlhogo mo maatleng a go reka]] mo Aforika le kwa godimo ga palogare ya lefatshe.<ref>[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.PP.CD?year_high_desc=true "GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)]". ''data.worldbank.org''. World Bank. Retrieved 12 January 2020.</ref> [[:en:Trade_unions_in_Botswana|Mekgatlho ya babereki]] e emetse palo e potlana ya babereki mo itsholelong ya Botswana. Ka kakaretso ke mekgatlho ya badiri e e rulagantsweng ka tsela e e sa gagamalang "ya mo ntlong", le fa [[:en:Botswana_Federation_of_Trade_Unions|Mokgatlho wa Badiri wa Botswana]] (BFTU) o tiisa seabe sa one jaaka [[:en:National_trade_union_centre|setheo se le sengwe fela sa bosetšhaba sa mekgatlho ya badiri mo]] [[:en:National_trade_union_centre|lefatsheng]].<ref>[[:en:International_Centre_for_Trade_Union_Rights|ICTUR]]; et&#x20;al., eds. (2005). ''Trade Unions of the World'' (6th&#x20;ed.). London, UK: John Harper Publishing. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-9543811-5-7|0-9543811-5-7]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20070926013529/http://www.fes.org.bw/Downloads/BFTU%20Globalization%202007.pdf Policy position paper on globalization – 2007]" (PDF). ''Botswana Federation of Trade Unions'': 25. Archived from [http://www.fes.org.bw/Downloads/BFTU%20Globalization%202007.pdf the original] (PDF) on 26 September 2007.</ref> Go ikaega ga Botswana ka [[:en:Mining_industry_of_Botswana|meepo]] go feta selekanyo le seelo se se kwa godimo sa tshwaetsego ya mogare wa [[:en:HIV/AIDS|HIV/AIDS]] (mogolo mongwe le mongwe mo go ba le batlhano diteko tsa gagwe tsa madi di netefatsa gore o nale mogare) le letlhoko la ditiro di ka tshosetsa katlego ya yona ya isago.<ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/botswana-warns-dangers-dash-african-minerals-2023-02-09/ Botswana warns of dangers in dash for African minerals]". ''Reuters''.</ref><ref>[https://www.unicef.org/botswana/hiv "HIV | UNICEF Botswana]". ''www.unicef.org''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> Botswana e nnile naga ya ntlha e e nang le morwalo o mogolo go newa setlankana sa go fitlhelela phitlhelelo e e botlhokwa mo tseleng ya go fedisa phetiso ya mogare wa HIV go tswa mo go mme go ya kwa leseeng ke Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Boitekanelo (WHO).<ref>"[https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/botswana-award-feature Botswana reaches key milestone in the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV]". ''www.who.int''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> == Ditso == [[:en:Agriculture|Temothuo]] e sa ntse e tlamela ka matshelo a le karolo ya masome a supa mo lekgolong ya baagi ba kwa magaeng mme e tlamela fela ka bokana jwa karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ya ditlhokego tsa dijo mme e ne e arabela karolo ya lesome ntlha ya borobabobedi mo lekgolong fela ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng go tloga kangwaga wa 2016.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20180921195852/http://www.economiesafricaines.com/en/countries/botswana/economic-sectors/the-agricultural-sector The agricultural sector in Botswana]". ''Economies Africaines''. Archived from [http://www.economiesafricaines.com/en/countries/botswana/economic-sectors/the-agricultural-sector the original] on 21 September 2018.</ref><ref name=":0">{{citation-attribution|{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Botswana|year=2000|url=http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/bc.html|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001119185100/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/bc.html |archive-date=November 19, 2000 }}}}</ref> [[:en:Subsistence_agriculture|Temothuo ya go itshidisa le ba lelwapa]] le go rua dikgomo ke tsone tse dintsi.<ref name=":0" /> Lekalana le le tshwerwe ke pula e e sa tlhomamang le mebu e e bokoa.<ref name=":0" /> Meepo ya diteemane le bojanala le tsone di botlhokwa mo itsholelong.<ref name=":0" /> Dipeeletso tse dintsi tsa ditswammung di ne tsa fitlhelwa ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa mme lekalana la meepo le ne la gola go tswa mo karolong ya masome a mabedi le botlhano mo lekgolong ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi go ya ko karolong a masome a mararo le borobabobedi mo lekgolong ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi.<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Shepherd on donkey on the move.jpg|thumb|Monna yo o palameng tonki o disa dipodi mo nokeng e e omileng]] Kgolo ya itsholelo e ne ya fokotsega ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano go fitlha ko ngwageng wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi mme ya fetoga go nna e e sa siamang ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe ka ntlha ya Kwelotlase e Kgolo ya itsholelo, ya ngotlega ka karolo ya botlhano ntlha pedi mo lekgolong.<ref>[https://www.thelugarcenter.org/assets/htmldocuments/Botswana%20brief%202.12.19_1.pdf "www.thelugarcenter.org]" (PDF).</ref> Se se ne sa gakadiwa ke kwelotlase e kgolo ya lefatshe lotlhe mo lekalaneng la madirelo, le le neng la ngotlega ka karolo ya masome a mararo mo lekgolong,<ref name=":2">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20220816000000/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana Botswana]". ''[[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]]'' (2022&#x20;ed.). [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. 16 August 2022.</ref> Kwelotlase e e tseneletseng ya itsholelo ya Botswana e ne e farologana le bontsi jwa ditšhaba tse dingwe tsa Aforika tse di neng tsa itemogela kgolo e e tswelelang mo pakeng eno.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004530/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2003rank.html CIA.gov] see also [[:en:File:GDP_Real_Growth.svg|File:GDP Real Growth.svg]]</ref> == Mokgwa wa itsholelo e kgolo == === Ditshupo tsa konokono === Tafole ya lenaneo e e latelang e supa ditshupo tsa konokono tsa itsholelo ka ngwaga wa1980 go ya kwa ngwageng wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le borataro. Koketsego ya ditlhwatlhwa e e kwa tlase ga karolo ya botlhano mo lekgolong e supiwa ka botala jwa tlhaga.<ref>"[https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/BWA Botswana]". ''www.imf.org''. Retrieved 5 May 2026.</ref> == Kgwebo ka go reka le go rekisa dithoto == [[Setshwantsho:Botswana rail network map.svg|thumb|Setshwantso sa mafaratlhatlha sa diterena tsa Botswana]] [[Setshwantsho:Gaborone Main Mall road.jpg|thumb|Tsela mo [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]]]] Botswana o kgabaganngwa ke tsela ya dikoloi e e kgabaganyang Aforika - [[:en:Cairo-Cape_Town_Highway|Tselakgolo ya Cairo-Cape Town]] le [[:en:Trans-Kalahari_Corridor|tsela ya dipalangwa ya go kgabaganya Kalahari]]. Botswana ke karolo ya Kopano ya Melelwane ya Borwa jwa Aforika ([[:en:SACU|SACU]]) le mafatshe a Aforika Borwa, Lesotho, Eswatini, le Namibia. [[:en:World_Bank|Banka ya Lefatshe]] [[:en:World_Bank|lotlhe]] e bega gore ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (ngwaga wa bošeng jaana o tshedimosetso ya Banka ya Lefatshe lotlhe e leng teng), SACU e ne e na le palogare e e [[:en:Common_external_tariff|bokete ya seelo sa dituediso]] tse di tlwaelegileng tsa kwa ntle sa karolo ya boraro ntlha ya borataro mo lekgolong. Go ya ka [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Commerce|Lephata la Kgwebo la lefatshe la U.S]]., "go na le dikgoreletsi di le mmalwa fela tsa dituediso kgotsa tse e seng tsa dituediso tsa go gweba le Botswana, kwa ntle ga dithibelo tsa go fiwa di tetla tsa ditiro dingwe tsa kgwebo, tse di beetsweng di kompone tsa [Botswana] fela." Go ikaegilwe ka mokgwa o o tlhabolotsweng wa ntlha ya kgwebisano, maduo a melawana ya kgwebisano ya Botswana ga a fetoge.<ref>{{unfit|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081216102841/http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/country.cfm?id=Botswana Botswana and WTO]}}</ref> Thomelo ya kwa ntle e kgolo ya lefatshe la Botswana ke ditaemane.<ref>"[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-market-overview Botswana - Market Overview]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone ke lefatshe la thomelo ya kwa ntle ya bobedi mo lefatsheng ya ditaemane.<ref>[https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/highest-diamond-producing-countries-2024/ "Highest Diamond Producing Countries 2024]". ''GeeksforGeeks''. 14 February 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Ka ntlha ya go ikaega thata ga lefatshe la Botswana ka diteemane, tlhokego e e maatla ya lefatshe ka bophara e botlhokwa mo boitekanelong jwa itsholelo.<ref>Ben-Zvi, Gidon (21 December 2023). [https://rapaport.com/analysis/a-new-dawn-for-the-botswana-diamond-industry/ "A New Dawn for the Botswana Diamond Industry"]. ''Rapaport''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Thomelo kwa ntle ya teemane e tlamela itsholelo ya lefatshe la Botswana ka tlamelo e e nonofileng ya madi a boditšhaba mme di neetse motheo wa tlhabololo ya madirelo le go tlhotlheletsa ditokafatso mo mafaratlhatlheng a lefatshe la Botswana.<ref>"[https://www.diamondfacts.org/infrastructure-development/ Infrastructure Development]". ''Diamond Facts''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa di na le seabe se segolo mo itsholelong ya Botswana, go na le matshwenyego a gore meepo ya diteemane ga e tlhoke badiri ba le bantsi go ka tlamela ka tiro e e lekaneng ya badiri ba Botswana, mme go sa tshwane mo go ne go umakilwe jaaka ntlha ya seelo se se kwa godimo sa letlhoko la ditiro mo lefatsheng.<ref>Guest, Peter (3 December 2015). [https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/03/africa/botswana-diamonds-jwaneng/index.html "Inside the world's richest diamond mine"]. CNN. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref><ref>"[http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details.php?nid=4811 Outlook for 2018 robust]". ''The Weekend Post''. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> == Meepo == ''Setlhogo sa konokono: [[:en:Mining_in_Botswana|Meepo mo Botswana]]'' Dikompone tse pedi tse dikgolo tsa meepo, [[:en:Debswana|Debswana]] (tse di bopilweng ke puso le [[:en:De_Beers|De Beers]] ya Aforika Borwa ka tirisanommogo e e lekanang) le Bamangwato Concessions, Ltd. (BCL, le yone e na le seabe se segolo sa tekatekano ya puso) di dira mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /> BCL e ne ya bewa mo tshekatshekong ya nakwana kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro , morago ga dingwaga tsa ditiro tse di dirang ditatlhegelo, mme e ne ya bewa mo tshekatshekong ya bofelo ke Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa.<ref>Rearabilwe Ramaphane (26 April 2017). [http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details.php?nid=3402 "Liquidator certifies BCL dead!]". ''Weekend Post''.</ref> === Ditaemane le majana a mangwe === [[Setshwantsho:Jwaneng Open Mine.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Jwaneng_diamond_mine|Moepo wa teemane wa Jwaneng]] ke wa bobedi mo lefatsheng la gompieno<ref>Groot, Robert (30 September 2022). [https://www.royalcoster.com/blogs/craftmanship/top-10-biggest-diamond-mines "Top 10 Biggest Diamond Mines"]. ''Royal Coster Diamonds''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref>]] Go tloga ka tshimologo ya dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi, lefatshe le le nnile nngwe ya mafatshe a a tlhagisang ditaemane tsa maje a a tlhokegang thata mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-mining-minerals "Botswana - Mining & Minerals]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Meepo e megolo ya teemane e le borobabobedi e butswe fa e sale Botswana e bona boipuso.<ref>[https://minedocs.com/20/DTC_Botswana_Global_Publications_Journey_Botswanas_Diamonds.pdf "minedocs.com/20/DTC_Botswana_Global_Publications_Journey_Botswanas_Diamonds.pdf"] (PDF). ''Minedocs.com''. p.&#x20;2.</ref> Babatli ba De Beers ba ribolotse di teemane kwa bokone jwa Botswana mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo 1970.<ref name=":1" /> Moepo wa ntlha o ne wa simolola go dira kwa lefelong la [[:en:Orapa_diamond_mine|Orapa]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bobedi , mme wa latelwa ke moepo o monnye kwa lefelong la [[:en:Letlhakane_diamond_mine|Letlhakane]].<ref name=":1" /> Se se fetogileng moepo o le mongwe o o humileng go gaisa wa di teemane mo lefatsheng o ne wa bulwa kwa lefelong la [[:en:Jwaneng_diamond_mine|Jwaneng]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bobedi.<ref name=":1" /> Moepo o ne wa bonwa fa metlhwa e e neng di batla metsi e ne e tlisa ditlhaka tsa teemane mo godimo ga metsi.<ref name=":3">''Botswana Business Law Handbook Strategic Information and Laws''. USA International Business Publications. Intl Business Pubns USA. 2012. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-6945-5|978-1-4387-6945-5]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/746835808 746835808].</ref> Botswana e tlhagisitse palo yotlhe ya di karate di le didikadike tse masome a mabedi le bone tsa di teemane go tswa kwa Debswana ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi,<ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/botswana-president-insists-bigger-share-diamonds-de-beers-venture-2023-05-25/#:~:text=L)%20%2C%20opens%20new%20tab%2C,of%20the%20De%20Beers%20system. Botswana president insists on bigger share of diamonds from De Beers venture]". ''Reuters''. 25 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> mme ke yone e e tlhagisang di teemane go gaisa tsotlhe ka boleng mo lefatsheng go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro.<ref>"[https://www.visualcapitalist.com/cp/world-diamond-mining-by-country/ Ranked: The World's Top Diamond Mining Countries, by Carats]". ''Visual Capitalist''. 29 September 2023.</ref>Katoloso ya Orapa 2000 ya moepo o o leng teng wa Orapa e ne ya bulwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi.<ref name=":1" /> Go ya ka Debswana, lenaneo la Katoloso ya Orapa 2000 le oketsa dipoelo tsa ngwaga le ngwaga tsa moepo wa Orapa go tswa go dikarate di le didikadike di le thataro go ya go dikarate di le didikadike di le lesome le bobedi mme ya tlhatlosa tlhagiso yotlhe go ya go dikarate di le didikadike di le masome a mabedi le borataro.<ref>[http://www.debswana.com/About-Us/Pages/Our-History.aspx "Our History]". Debswana. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedile boraro, Debswana e ne ya bula [[:en:Damtshaa_diamond_mine|moepo wa teemane wa Damtshaa]] o o neng o le dikilometara di ka nna makgolo a le mabedi le bobedi (seele sa maele wa lekgolo le masome a mane) kwa bophirima jwa toropokgolo ya [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]]. Moepo o ne wa bewa mo tlhokomelong le pabalelong ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano ka ntlha ya tlhokego e e bokoa ya lefatshe mme go ne go rulagantswe gore o bulwe gape ka kgwedi ya Firikgong k ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20180714032932/http://www.debeersgroup.com/botswana/en/who-we-are/de-beers-in-botswana/debswana/damtshaa.html Damtshaa – Debswana's newest mine]". De Beers Group. Archived from [http://www.debeersgroup.com/botswana/en/who-we-are/de-beers-in-botswana/debswana/damtshaa.html the original] on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref><ref>"[http://www.diamonds.net/News/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=59486&ArticleTitle=De+Beers+to+Resurrect+Damtshaa+Mine De Beers to Resurrect Damtshaa Mine]". Rapaport News. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi, Kompone ya Ditaemane ya lefatshe la Australia ya Kimberley e ne ya bula moepo kwa lefelong la [[:en:Lerala|Lerala]], e le moepo wa botlhano mo Botswana e bile e le wa ntlha o o sa tsamaisiweng ke Debswana.<ref>"[http://www.abnnewswire.net/press/en/44155/DIAMONEX-LIMITED.html Diamonex Limited Acquires Kimberlite Pipes in USA]". ABN Newswire. Retrieved 20 January 2008.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, lefelo la Kimberley le ne la tswala moepo ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa, a umaka maemo a a bokoa a mmaraka.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20170605021400/http://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFKBN18S4Z4-OZABS Botswana Lerala Diamond Mine shuts down – newspaper]". Reuters Africa. Archived from [https://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFKBN18S4Z4-OZABS the original] on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Bontsi jwa motlakase wa lefatshe la Botswana o tswa kwa [[:en:Eskom|Eskom]] ya lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>"[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-energy Botswana - Energy]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Debswana e tsamaisa Moepo wa [[:en:Morupule_Colliery|Malatlha a Morupule]] o o gaufi go e tlamela ka magala.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060217023857/http://www.miningweekly.co.za/min/sector/coal/?show=75117 "Creamer Media's Mining Weekly Online, South African Mining News :: Coal]". Archived from [http://www.miningweekly.co.za/min/sector/coal/?show%3D75117 the original] on 17 February 2006. Retrieved 5 May 2016.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana e rometse kwa ntle motlakase wa boleng jwa dikete di le tharo le lekgolo le masome a mabedi ( e leng di dollara dile tharo le ntlha e nngwe le bobedi) go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi, otlhe o ya kwa lefatsheng la Zimbabwe.<ref>"[https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/electricity/reporter/bwa Electricity in Botswana]". ''The Observatory of Economic Complexity''. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Mo tshimologong ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi , kgaolo yotlhe ya borwa jwa Aforika e ne ya amiwa thata ke tlhaelo e kgolo ya maatla, ga e sale kgaolo e dira go abelana metswedi ya yone ya maatla ka [[:en:Southern_African_Power_Pool|Southern African Power Pool,]] ka bontsi jwa bokgoni jwa yone bo tswa kwa lefatsheng la Aforika Borwa. Lefatshe la Botswana le lone le beile maano a go nna maromela kwa ntle wa motlakase kwa letangwaneng la kgaolo, ka katoloso ya puso ya seteišene sa motlakase sa Morupule, mmogo le go rotloetsa dipeeletso tse e seng tsa puso ka sebopego sa seteišene sa motlakase sa di-gigawatt di le nne ke kompone ya lefatshe la Canada ya CIC Energy. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi, CIC Energy e ne ya bonwa ke [[:en:Jindal_Steel_and_Power|Tshipi le Motlakase tsa Jindal]] tsa lefatshe la India. Ga jaana Jindal Africa e ikaeletse go dira meepo e le meraro ya fa godimo ga lefatshe mo mafelong a magala a [[:en:Mmamabula|Mmamabula]], mmogo le setlamo sa motlakase. Go ya ka kompone, "tlhabololo ya moepo e tla fitlhelela ditlhokego tsa diteišene tsa motlakase tsa maatla a motlakase makgolo a marataro le mebaraka ya magala a kgaolo ya thomelo kwa ntle, ka bokgoni jwa go thapa batho ba feta dikete tse pedi."<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230521201948/https://www.jindalafrica.com/countries/botswana/botswana-overview Botswana Overview]". Jindal Africa. Archived from [http://www.jindalafrica.com/countries/botswana/botswana-overview the original] on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref><ref>"[https://www.globalmethane.org/documents/toolsres_coal_overview_ch3.pdf Botswana]" (PDF). Global Methane Initiative. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111009103709/http://www.globalmethane.org/documents/toolsres_coal_overview_ch3.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana gape o tlhagisa [[:en:Soda_ash|molora wa soda]] ka Botash, e leng kgwebo e e kopanetsweng magareng ga puso le Setlhopha sa Chlor-Alkali Holdings (CAH) sa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa. Botash e ntse e dira kwa [[:en:Sua_Pan|Letsheng la Sua]] kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa lefatshe la Botswana fa e sale ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20201202065435/https://botash.bw/company-history/ Company History]". Botash. Archived from [http://www.botash.bw/company-history/ the original] on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> == Bojanala == ''Pego ya konokono: [[:en:Tourism_in_Botswana|Bojanala mo Botswana]]'' Bojanala ke madirelo a a ntseng a nna botlhokwa thata mo lefatsheng la Botswana, a a dirang mo e ka nnang karolo ya lesome le boraro ntlha nngwe mo lekgolong ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe.<ref>"[https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210209005667/en/Botswana-Tourism-Industry-Report-2021---ResearchAndMarkets.com Botswana Tourism Industry Report 2021 - ResearchAndMarkets.com]". ''www.businesswire.com''. 9 February 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref>Le fa go ntse jalo, Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone, go ne ga begwa gore e ne e le kwa tlase ga karolo ya lesome mo lekgolong .<ref>[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-travel-and-tourism "Botswana - Travel and Tourism]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Nngwe ya dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tse di kgethegileng mo lefatsheng, e leng [[:en:Okavango_Delta|Lefelo la noka e phatlhallang la Okavango]] , e mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":1" /> Lefatshe le fa tshono ya go lebelela diphologolo le go bona dinonyane kwa lefelong la noka e phatlhallang le kwa [[:en:Chobe_National_Park|Lefelong la diphologolo la Setshaba la Chobe]] —e e leng legae la nngwe ya metlhape e megolo thata ya ditlou tse di tsamayang ka kgololesego mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /> Lefelo la lefatshe la Botswana la [[:en:Central_Kalahari_Game_Reserve|legae la diphologolo le le mo bogareng jwa Kalahari]] gape le na le tshono ya go lebelela diphologolo le dingwe tsa naga tse di kgakala le tse di sa senngwang mo borwa jwa Aforika.<ref name=":1" /> Lefelo la diphologolo tsa bosetšhaba di le mmalwa le dipolokelo tsa diphologolo, ka diphologolo tsa tsone tse dintsi tsa naga le mafelo a a metsi, ke dilo tse dikgolo tse di ngokang bajanala.<ref>"[https://www.botswanasafarisokavangodelta.com/parks-reserves Botswana Wildlife National Parks & Reserves]". ''AfricanMecca Safaris''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> Mafelo a konokono a [[:en:Safari|loeto la go lebela diphologolo le dijanala]] a bojanala ke [[:en:Moremi_Game_Reserve|Lefelo la Diphologolo la Moremi]]<ref>"[https://www.moremi.com/index.php Moremi Game Reserve: Botswana's wildlife haven for an unmatched safari experience]". ''Moremi.com''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> mo [[:en:Okavango_Delta|Lefelo la noka e phatlhallang la Okavango]], le lefelo la Bosetšhaba ya Chobe. Lefatshe la Botswana le lone le tsaya karolo mo ditirong tsa tsamaiso ya ditsa tlholego tse di dirwang ke setshaba ka go leka go akaretsa banni ba motse mo bojanaleng. Sekao sengwe ke motse wa [[:en:Khwai|Khwai]]<ref>"[https://africanbushcamps.com/destinations/botswana/khwai-community-area/ Khwai Community Area]". ''African Bush Camps''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> le Terasete ya yona ya Tlhabololo ya Khwai.<ref>"[http://www.khwaitrust.co.bw/ Khwai Development Trust]". ''Khwai Development Trust''. Retrieved 1 May 2024.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana e ne e le lefelo la filimi ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobediya [[:en:The_Gods_Must_Be_Crazy|The Gods Must Be Crazy]], le fa filimi e e ne e diriwa kwa thata mo Aforika Borwa. [[:en:The_Amazing_Race_7|Setlha sa bosupa]] sa [[:en:The_Amazing_Race_(American_TV_series)|''The Amazing Race'']] se etetse Botswana. Bojanala bo tlhotlheleditswe ke [[:en:The_No._1_Ladies'_Detective_Agency|motseletsele wa dipadi tsa matseka]] ka [[:en:Alexander_McCall_Smith|Alexander McCall Smith]] le terama ya Amerika e e neng ya di latela.<ref>Canby, Vincent (28 October 1984). "[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/28/arts/film-view-is-the-gods-must-be-crazy-only-a-comedy.html FILM VIEW; IS 'THE GODS MUST BE CRAZY' ONLY A COMEDY?"]. ''The New York Times''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> == Temothuo == Go feta sephatlo sa baagi ba Botswana ba nna kwa metseselegaeng mme ba ikaegile ka dijalo tsa go iphedisa le go rua diruiwa.<ref name=":1" /> Temothuo e fitlhelela fela karolo e nnye ya ditlhokego tsa dijo mme e na le seabe sa karolo ya bongwe ntlha e robangbobedi fela ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ya Botswana go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi lelesome le bosupa, go ya ka CIA World Factbook.<ref name=":2" />Diphopholetso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone di boletse fa e santse e le kwa tlase ga karolo ya bobedi mo lekgolong ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ya lefatshe la Botswana.<ref>[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-agricultural-sectors "Botswana - Agricultural Sectors]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Go rua dikgomo go ne go laola botshelo jwa loago le itsholele ya Botswana pele ga boipuso.<ref name=":1" />[[:en:Botswana_Meat_Commission|Setlhopa sa dipatlisiso ya Nama ya Botswana]] (BMC) e na le taolo e le nosi mo tlhagisong ya nama ya kgomo, le fa go ntse jalo kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro , e ne ya fela.<ref>Mguni, Mbongeni. [https://www.mmegi.bw/business/bmc-monopoly-nears-end-as-cabinet-approves-meat-regulator/news "BMC monopoly nears end as Cabinet approves meat regulator"].</ref>Motlhape wa bosetšhaba o ne o ka nna didikadike di le mabedi le ntlha e le nngwe mo lekgolong mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe, le fa go bolawa ga motlhape otlhe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe lebotlhano go go laetsweng ke puso kwa Kgaolong ya [[:en:Ngamiland|Ngamiland]] kwa bokone-bophirima jwa Botswana, go thibela go anama ga "bolwetse jwa makgwafo a dikgomo" kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa naga, go fokoditse palo ka bonnye jwa didikadike dile pedi.<ref name=":4">"[http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/ Botswana production in 2018, by FAO"]</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana le tlhagisitse, ka ngwaga dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi: * lekgolo le bobedi ditone tse sekete tsa motso le tubers; * masome amane le borataro a sekete sa ditone tsa meroho; * ditone di le dikete di le lesome le bosupa tsa mabele; * ditone di le dikete di le lesome le boraro tsa mmidi; * boferabobedi jwa ditone tse sekete tsa hop; * borataro jwa ditone tse sekete tsa onion; * botlhano jwa ditone tse sekete tsa tamati; Mo godimo ga dikumo tse dinnye tsa dikumo tse dingwe tsa temothuo<ref name=":4" /> == Tlhagiso == Madirelo a tlhagiso mo lefatsheng la Botswana<ref>"[https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/sectors/ Sectors]"</ref> <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230521201949/https://www.gobotswana.com/sector/manufacturing Manufacturing | Go Botswana]". Archived from [https://www.gobotswana.com/sector/manufacturing the original] on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2021.</ref>di akaretsa go dira dijo, bogolo jang go dira nama ya kgomo, go dira diteemane, go dira matsela le diaparo, go dira dino, go dira mabenyane, ditshipi le dithoto tsa tshipi, go dira molora, go dira didirisiwa tsa kago, le go [[:en:Glass_production|dira galase]]. Tlhagiso e na le kgolo e e ka nnang teng, le fa go ntse jalo,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240505114036/http://www.hrdc.org.bw/manufacturing-sector "Manufacturing Sector | HRDC]". ''www.hrdc.org.bw''. Archived from [http://www.hrdc.org.bw/manufacturing-sector the original] on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> e dira mo e ka nnang karolo ya botlhano mo lekgolong ya palogotlhe ya [[:en:Gross_domestic_product|dikumo tsa selegae tsa]] [[:en:Gross_domestic_product|lefatshe]].<ref>"[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.IND.MANF.ZS?locations=BW World Bank Open Data]". ''World Bank Open Data''. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Mo dingwageng tse di fetileng, go nnile le kwelotlase e e bonalang mo seabeng sa lekalana la tlhagiso mo itsholelong ya bosetšhaba. Lebaka la se le ka tlhomamisiwa mo dintlheng di le mmalwa, tsa konokono e le go tlhoka bokgoni, go palelwa ke go tsamaisana le maranyane a sešweng, go tlhoka kgaisano mmogo le mekgwa e e sa siamang ya go rekisa.<ref>[https://www.ceda.co.bw/sites/default/files/Publications/ASSESSMENT_OF_INVESTMENT_OPPORTUNITIES_WITH_THE_MANUFACTURING_SECTOR_IN_BOTSWANA-JUNE_2020.pdfhttps://www.ceda.co.bw/sites/default/files/Publications/ASSESSMENT_OF_INVESTMENT_OPPORTUNITIES_WITH_THE_MANUFACTURING_SECTOR_IN_BOTSWANA-JUNE_2020.pdf "www.ceda.co.bw/sites/default/files/Publications/ASSESSMENT_OF_INVESTMENT_OPPORTUNITIES_WITH_THE_MANUFACTURING_SECTOR_IN_BOTSWANA-JUNE_2020.pdf"] (PDF). ''CEDA''.</ref> == Thuto ya bonetetshi le maranyane == Go na le lephata le le golang la bonetetshi mo lefatsheng Botswana. Palo ya dikgatiso tsa borasaense ba lefatshe la Botswana tse di kwadilweng mo lenaaneng la dipolokelotshedimosetso tsa boditšhabatšhaba e oketsegile go tswa go lekgolo le masome a mararo le boraro ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe go ya ko makgolong a mabedi le lesome ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi , lefatshe la Botswana e tlhagisitse di pego tsa dikwalo tsa saense le maranyane di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a borobabobedi le bongwe. Lefatshe le na le nngwe ya maemo a a kwa godimo a go dira dithoto tsa bonetesthi mo Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara.<ref>"[https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000235406_eng Southern Africa. In: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (PDF])"</ref><ref>"[https://knoema.com/atlas/Botswana/Number-of-scientific-journal-articles Botswana – Number of scientific and technical journal articles]</ref> Lefatshe gape le na le madirelo a maranyane a a kwa godimo, a e leng legae la dikompone di le mmalwa tsa maranyane ya tshedimosetso.<ref>"[https://www.localbotswana.com/category/Information_technology Best Information Technology Companies in Botswana]"</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi , dilo tse di romelwang kwa ntle tsa maranyane a a kwa godimo tsa Botswana di ne di le bokana ka dikete di le boraro le borobabobedi tsa di dolara.<ref>"[https://knoema.com/atlas/Botswana/High-technology-exports Botswana – High-technology exports in current prices]"</ref> == Tlhabololo ya lekala la poraefete le dipeeletso tsa kwa ntle == [[Setshwantsho:Tourist Resort at Kasane.jpg|thumb|Lefelo la bojanala kwa [[:en:Kasane|Kasane]]]] Botswana e batla go farologanya itsholelo ya yone go tswa mo ditswammung,<ref name=":1" /> tse dituelo tsa yone di lekalekaneng.<ref>"[https://www.oecd.org/countries/botswana/35176115.pdf 001331-08 Botswana 6"] (PDF). ''OECD''.</ref> Dipeeletso tsa kwa ntle mo lefatsheng la Botswana di godile sentle. Mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe, dikompone tse pedi tsa lefatshe la Amerika, Owens Corning le Heinz, di ne tsa dira dipeeletso tse dikgolo mo mafelong a tlhagiso kwa Botswana.<ref>[https://archivesspace.uncw.edu/repositories/5/archival_objects/63351 "Articles and reports by Hans-Joachim (H.J.) Heinz, 1962-1971]". ''UNCW archives''.</ref>Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa , setlhopha sa St. Paul se ne sa reka Botswana Insurance, e leng nngwe ya dikompone tse di di gogang kwa pele mo lefatsheng leno ka tiisetso ya tshireletso kgatlhanong le tatlhegelo ya paka e khutshwane. Lekgotla la Kgwebo la lefatshe la Amerika (ABC), le le nang le dikompone tse di fetang masome a mararo tse di leng maloko, le ne la tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano.<ref>"[https://www.abc.org.bw/ AMERICAN BUSINESS COUNCIL OF BOTSWANA]". ''www.abc.org.bw''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Hyundai e ne e na le madirelo a go kopanya dikoloi kwa lefatsheng la Botswana go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090106025801/http://www.gov.bw/economy/index.html "The Government of Botswana – Economic Snapshot]". Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/economy/index.html the original] on 6 January 2009.</ref> Botswana e batla go tswelela go farologanya itsholelo ya yone go tswa mo ditswammung,<ref name=":1" /> tse di dirang kotara ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ,<ref>"[https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/botswana/147499.htm Botswana (03/26/10])". ''U.S. Department of State''. Retrieved 22 October 2021.</ref> go tswa go mo e ka nnang sephatlho sa palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe .<ref name=":1" /> Dipeeletso le botsamaisi jwa kwa ntle di a amogelwa mo lefatsheng la Botswana<ref name=":1" /> mme, ka ntlha ya seo, makalana a matlole le ditirelo a oketsegile ka seelo se se kwa godimo ka dingwaga tsa bo dikete tse pedi go emisetsa meepo jaaka madirelo a a eteletseng pele.<ref name=":3" /> Botswana e fedisitse [[:en:Foreign_exchange_controls|ditaolo tsa kananyo ya madi a]] [[:en:Foreign_exchange_controls|mafatshe]] a sele ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe, e na le seelo se se kwa tlase sa lekgetho la dikompone(karolo ya lesome le botlhano mo lekgolong), ga go na dithibelo tsa go nna le dikompone tsa mafatshe a sele, mme go tloga ka kgwedi ya Firikgong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone e ka nna karolo ya bone mo lekgolong.<ref>[https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/Consumer%20Price%20Index%20January%202024.pdf "CONSUMER PRICE INDEX JANUARY 2024]" (PDF). ''Statistics Botswana''.</ref> Puso e tsaya gore go tsaya karolo ga lekalana le e seng la puso go botlhokwa thata mo katlegong ya Leano la Bosetšhaba la Tlhabololo la naga (go tswa ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2016) le go tokafatsa [[:en:Science_and_technology_in_Botswana|seabe sa dipatlisiso le tlhabololo]] jaaka tsela e e atlegileng go gaisa ya go godisa kgwebo le kgolo ya lekala le e seng la puso. Puso e akanyetsa melawana e mengwe go tokafatsa kgaisano, go akaretsa le Leano le lešwa la Dipeeletso tse di Tlhamaletseng tsa Dinaga di Sele, Melawana ya Kgaisano, Leano le legolo la go Dira Dithomelo tse e seng tsa puso le Leano la Tlhabololo ya Thomelo ya kwa ntle ya Bosetšhaba.<ref>Lemarchand, Guillermo A.; Schneegans, Susan, eds. (2013). ''[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002247/224725E.pdf Mapping Research and Innovation in the Republic of Botswana]'' (PDF). Paris: UNESCO. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-3-001219-9|978-92-3-001219-9]]</bdi>. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</ref><ref>''[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030]'' (PDF). Paris: UNESCO. 2015. pp.&#x20;546–547. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100129-1|978-92-3-100129-1]]</bdi>. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana le itsege ka go nna le dipeeletso tse dintsi tsa magala mme se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafatshe a a humileng ka magala thata mo lefatsheng lotlhe .<ref>Pecquet, Julian. "[https://www.theafricareport.com/290227/energy-starved-botswana-seeks-us-support-as-it-banks-on-coal/#:~:text=Botswana%20sits%20atop%20the%20world's,recent%20spate%20of%20rolling%20blackouts. Energy-starved Botswana seeks US support as it banks on coal]". ''TheAfricaReport.com''.</ref> Meepo e megolo ya magala, dipolante tse dikgolo tsa motlakase tse di dirisang magala, mmogo le polante ya magala go nna seedi (ka [[:en:Fischer–Tropsch_process|thulaganyo ya Fischer–Tropsch]]) go tlhagisa lookwane lwa maitirelo lwa dikoloi di rulagantswe.<ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/botswana-plans-25-bln-coal-to-liquids-plant-cut-fuel-imports-2022-05-16/ Reuters]". ''[[:en:Reuters|Reuters]]''.</ref><ref>"[https://usea.org/sites/default/files/102013_Challenges%20and%20opportunities%20for%20coal%20gasification%20in%20developing%20countries_ccc225.pdf Challenges and opportunities for coal gasification in developing countries]"</ref> == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} == Maranyane a mangwe == * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Botswana/Business_and_Economy/Economic_Development}}DMOZ{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Botswana/Business_and_Economy/Economic_Development}} * [http://www.trademap.org/open_access/Index.aspx?proceed=true&reporter=072 Botswana latest trade data on ITC Trade Map] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080921071451/http://mbendi.co.za/land/af/bo/p0005.htm MBendi Botswana overview] * [http://www.mining-technology.com/projects/debswana/ Debswana mine] pg83knjumprlxd8qu18vy1yxp6h43ww 52791 52789 2026-07-20T07:23:32Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox economy | country = Botswana | year = 21 April - 32 March | image = | image_size = 420px | caption = [[botsswanna in botswannaiTowers of Masa Square CBD|Masa Square Central Business District]] | currency = [[Botswana Pula|Pula]] (BWP, P) | organs = [[African Union|AU]], [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]] (signed), [[Southern African Development Community|SADC]], [[Southern African Customs Union|SACU]], [[World Trade Organization|WTO]] | group = {{plainlist| *[[Developing country|Developing/Emerging]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weoselco.aspx?g=2200&sg=All+countries+%2f+Emerging+market+and+developing+economies |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref> *Upper-middle income economy<ref>{{cite web |url=https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups |title=World Bank Country and Lending Groups |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=datahelpdesk.worldbank.org |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref>}} | population = {{increase}} 2,397,240 (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=BW |title=Population, total - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-date=21 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821123757/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref> | gdp = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} $16.90 billion (nominal, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=26&pr.y=21&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=616&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org | access-date=17 November 2019}}</ref> *{{increase}} $43.907 billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]], 2019 est.)<ref name="2020/01">{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2020 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2020/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=28&pr.y=20&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=616&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CPPPGDP%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref>}} | gdp rank = {{plainlist| *[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|114th (nominal, 2019)]] *[[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|113th (PPP, 2019)]]}} | growth = {{plainlist| *14.5%&nbsp;(2018) 3.0%&nbsp;(2019e) *−5.4%&nbsp;(2020e) 6.8%&nbsp;(2021e)<ref name="2020/01"/>}} | per capita = {{plainlist| *{{decrease}} $7,859 (nominal, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW"/> *{{increase}} $18,558 (PPP, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW"/>}} | per capita rank = {{plainlist| *[[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita|78th (nominal, 2019)]] *[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|75th (PPP, 2018)]]}} | sectors = {{plainlist| *[[agriculture]]: 1.8% *[[Industrial sector|industry]]: 27.5% *[[Tertiary sector of the economy|services]]: 70.6% *(2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ |title=The World Factbook |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |website=CIA.gov |access-date=15 May 2019 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | inflation = 2.1% (2020 est.)<ref name="2020/01"/> | poverty = {{plainlist| *16.3% ({{As of|2016|alt=2016}})<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdb.org/en/countries/southern-africa/botswana/botswana-economic-outlook/|title=Botswana Economic Outlook|date=29 March 2019}}</ref> *60.4% on less than $5.50/day (2015)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.UMIC?locations=BW |title=Poverty headcount ratio at $5.50 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=4 December 2019 |archive-date=27 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127133918/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.UMIC?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | gini = 53.3 {{color|red|high}} (2015)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> | hdi = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} 0.728 {{color|green|high}} (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506 |title=Human Development Index (HDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref> ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|94th]]) *{{steady}} N/A [[List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI|IHDI]] (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-3-inequality-adjusted-human-development-index-ihdi |title=Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref>}} | labor = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} 1,107,235 (2019)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=BW |title=Labor force, total - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> *55.7% employment rate (2013)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.NE.ZS?locations=BW |title=Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate) - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922090025/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.NE.ZS?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | edbr = {{decrease}} [[Ease of doing business index#Ranking|87th (easy, 2020)]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/botswana |title=Ease of Doing Business in Botswana |publisher=Doingbusiness.org |access-date=24 November 2017 }}</ref> | unemployment = 17.7% ({{As of|2017|alt=2017}})<ref name="autogenerated2"/> | industries = [[diamond]]s, [[copper]], [[nickel]], [[salt]], [[soda ash]], [[potash]], [[coal]], [[iron ore]], [[silver]]; [[beef]] processing; [[textiles]] | exports = {{decrease}} $5.934 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | export-goods = [[diamond]]s, [[copper]], [[nickel]], [[soda ash]], [[beef]], [[textiles]] | export-partners = {{plainlist| *{{flag|Belgium}} 20.3% *{{flag|India}} 12.6% *{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} 12.4% *{{flag|South Africa}} 11.9% *{{flag|Singapore}} 8.7% *{{flag|Israel}} 7% *{{flag|Hong Kong}} 4.1% *{{flag|Namibia}} 4.1% *(2017)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | imports = {{decrease}} $5.005 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | import-goods = foodstuffs, [[machinery]], [[electrical]] goods, [[transport]] equipment, [[textiles]], [[fuel]] and [[petroleum]] products, [[wood]] and [[paper]] products, [[metal]] and [[metal]] products | import-partners = {{plainlist| *{{flag|South Africa}} 66.1% *{{flag|Canada}} 8.3% *{{flag|Israel}} 5.3% *(2017)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | current account = {{decrease}} $2.146 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | FDI = {{plainlist| *{{decrease}} $5.319 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> *{{increase}} Abroad: $1.973 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | gross external debt = {{decreasePositive}} $2.187 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | debt = {{decreasePositive}} 21.7% of GDP (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indexmundi.com/es/botsuana/deuda_publica.html|title=Deuda pública - Botsuana - Economía}}</ref> | revenue = 5.305 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | expenses = 5.478 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | balance = −1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | aid = $73 million ({{As of|1995|alt=1995}}) | credit = {{plainlist| *[[Standard & Poor's]]:<ref>{{cite web |title= Sovereigns rating list |publisher=Standard & Poor's |url=http://www.standardandpoors.com/ratings/sovereigns/ratings-list/en/eu/?subSectorCode=39 |access-date=26 May 2011}}</ref> *A (Domestic) *A- (Foreign) *A+ (T&C Assessment)}} | reserves = {{increase}} $7.491 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | cianame = botswana | spelling = }} [[:en:Botswana|Botswana]] o na le [[:en:Developing_country|itsholelo e e tlhabologang]] e e tsewang e le ya lotseno lo lo kwa godimo go ya kwa bogareng. Kgolo ya tiro ya lekalana le e seng la puso e ne e le palogare ya bokana ka karolo ya lesome mo lekgolong ka ngwaga mo dingwageng tsa ntlha di le masome a mararo tsa boipuso jwa lefatshe. Morago ga paka ya go ema hela go sa irege sepe kwa tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa masome a mabedi le bongwe, itsholelo ya [[:en:Botswana|Botswana]] e ne ya kwadisa maemo a a nonofileng a kgolo, ka kgolo ya Palo yotlhe ya dithoro le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng e e neng ya feta dintlha tsa karolo ya borataro go ya kwa bosupeng mo lekgolong. Kgolo ya itsholelo fa e sale ka bofelo jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1960 e ntse e lekana le itsholelo dingwe tse dikgolo tsa lefatshekgolo le le naleng di karolo tsa mafatshe Asia.<ref>Leith, J. Clark (2005). ''[https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt80xfp Why Botswana Prospered]''. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp.&#x20;ix-2. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2820-8|<bdi>978-0-7735-2820-8</bdi>.]] [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt80xfp j.ctt80xfp].</ref> Puso e ntse e tshegetsa lefetiso la tekanyetsokabo ka tlhomamo mme e na le [[:en:Foreign-exchange_reserves|dipolokelo tse dintsi tsa kananyo ya madi a]] [[:en:Foreign-exchange_reserves|mafatshe a sele]].<ref>[http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/489431468012950282/pdf/95304-REPLACEMENT-SCD-P150575-PUBLIC-Botswana-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic-Report.pdf "BOTSWANA: Systematic Country Diagnostic]" (PDF). World Bank Group. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/489431468012950282/pdf/95304-REPLACEMENT-SCD-P150575-PUBLIC-Botswana-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic-Report.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Kgolo ya itsholelo ya Botswana fa e bapisiwa le mafatshe a mangwe a a mabapi le yone, e agilwe mo motheong wa meepo ya diteemane, melawana e e botlhale ya matlole, le molawana o o kelotlhoko wa dinaga di sele.<ref name=":1">{{citation-attribution|{{Cite web|date=May 2002|title=Background Note: Botswana |url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020606143242/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm| archive-date=June 6, 2002 |publisher=[[U.S. Department of State]]}}}}</ref> Itsholelo ya lefatshe la Botswana e ikaegile thata ka go epa diteemane. Meepo ya diteemane e na le seabe mo karolong ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ya lotseno lwa puso bogolosegolo ka tirisanommogo e mo go yone matlhakore ka bobedi a naleng seabe sa karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong le De Beers mo [[:en:Debswana|komponeng ya Diteemane ya Debswana]].<ref>Makoni, Patricia Lindelwa (4 May 2017). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311238609 "Exploring economic structure and drivers of economic growth in Botswana"]. ''Journal of Governance and Regulation''. '''4''': 672–678 &#x2013; via ResearchGate.</ref> Diteemane tse di dirwang mo lefelong la diteko di dirile gore go nne le phokotsego e e bonalang ya tlhokego ya lefatshe ka bophara ya ditaemane tse di epilweng go simolola mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi . Phokotso e e bakilweng ke boleng jwaditaemane tse di romelwang kwa ntle e ne ya dira gore Letlole la madi la boditshabtshaba le bonele ko pele gore lefatshe la Botswana le tla nna le tlhaelo ya matlole ya karolo ya lesome le bongwe mo lekgolong, mme lephata la matlole la Botswana le bonele pele kgolo e e sa siamang ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano .<ref>Mguni, Mbongeni; Hill, Matthew (2 September 2025). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2025-09-02/next-africa-diamond-market-crisis-spells-disaster-for-botswana "Botswana Reels as Diamonds Lose Their Sparkle"]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved 21 October 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , Botswana e beilwe jaaka lefatshe la boraro le le naleng bonweenwee jo bo ko tlase mo Aforika mo [[:en:Corruption_Perceptions_Index|Tshupaneng ya Dikakanyo tsa Bonweenwee]] ke lekgotla la boditšhabatšhaba la go tlhokomela bonweenwee la [[:en:Transparency_International|Transparency International]]. E na le [[:en:List_of_countries_by_GNI_(PPP)_per_capita|lotseno lwa bone lo lo kwa godimo lwa bosetšhaba ka tlhogo mo maatleng a go reka]] mo Aforika le kwa godimo ga palogare ya lefatshe.<ref>[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.PP.CD?year_high_desc=true "GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)]". ''data.worldbank.org''. World Bank. Retrieved 12 January 2020.</ref> [[:en:Trade_unions_in_Botswana|Mekgatlho ya babereki]] e emetse palo e potlana ya babereki mo itsholelong ya Botswana. Ka kakaretso ke mekgatlho ya badiri e e rulagantsweng ka tsela e e sa gagamalang "ya mo ntlong", le fa [[:en:Botswana_Federation_of_Trade_Unions|Mokgatlho wa Badiri wa Botswana]] (BFTU) o tiisa seabe sa one jaaka [[:en:National_trade_union_centre|setheo se le sengwe fela sa bosetšhaba sa mekgatlho ya badiri mo]] [[:en:National_trade_union_centre|lefatsheng]].<ref>[[:en:International_Centre_for_Trade_Union_Rights|ICTUR]]; et&#x20;al., eds. (2005). ''Trade Unions of the World'' (6th&#x20;ed.). London, UK: John Harper Publishing. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-9543811-5-7|0-9543811-5-7]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20070926013529/http://www.fes.org.bw/Downloads/BFTU%20Globalization%202007.pdf Policy position paper on globalization – 2007]" (PDF). ''Botswana Federation of Trade Unions'': 25. Archived from [http://www.fes.org.bw/Downloads/BFTU%20Globalization%202007.pdf the original] (PDF) on 26 September 2007.</ref> Go ikaega ga Botswana ka [[:en:Mining_industry_of_Botswana|meepo]] go feta selekanyo le seelo se se kwa godimo sa tshwaetsego ya mogare wa [[:en:HIV/AIDS|HIV/AIDS]] (mogolo mongwe le mongwe mo go ba le batlhano diteko tsa gagwe tsa madi di netefatsa gore o nale mogare) le letlhoko la ditiro di ka tshosetsa katlego ya yona ya isago.<ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/botswana-warns-dangers-dash-african-minerals-2023-02-09/ Botswana warns of dangers in dash for African minerals]". ''Reuters''.</ref><ref>[https://www.unicef.org/botswana/hiv "HIV | UNICEF Botswana]". ''www.unicef.org''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> Botswana e nnile naga ya ntlha e e nang le morwalo o mogolo go newa setlankana sa go fitlhelela phitlhelelo e e botlhokwa mo tseleng ya go fedisa phetiso ya mogare wa HIV go tswa mo go mme go ya kwa leseeng ke Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Boitekanelo (WHO).<ref>"[https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/botswana-award-feature Botswana reaches key milestone in the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV]". ''www.who.int''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> == Ditso == [[:en:Agriculture|Temothuo]] e sa ntse e tlamela ka matshelo a le karolo ya masome a supa mo lekgolong ya baagi ba kwa magaeng mme e tlamela fela ka bokana jwa karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ya ditlhokego tsa dijo mme e ne e arabela karolo ya lesome ntlha ya borobabobedi mo lekgolong fela ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng go tloga kangwaga wa 2016.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20180921195852/http://www.economiesafricaines.com/en/countries/botswana/economic-sectors/the-agricultural-sector The agricultural sector in Botswana]". ''Economies Africaines''. Archived from [http://www.economiesafricaines.com/en/countries/botswana/economic-sectors/the-agricultural-sector the original] on 21 September 2018.</ref><ref name=":0">{{citation-attribution|{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Botswana|year=2000|url=http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/bc.html|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001119185100/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/bc.html |archive-date=November 19, 2000 }}}}</ref> [[:en:Subsistence_agriculture|Temothuo ya go itshidisa le ba lelwapa]] le go rua dikgomo ke tsone tse dintsi.<ref name=":0" /> Lekalana le le tshwerwe ke pula e e sa tlhomamang le mebu e e bokoa.<ref name=":0" /> Meepo ya diteemane le bojanala le tsone di botlhokwa mo itsholelong.<ref name=":0" /> Dipeeletso tse dintsi tsa ditswammung di ne tsa fitlhelwa ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa mme lekalana la meepo le ne la gola go tswa mo karolong ya masome a mabedi le botlhano mo lekgolong ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi go ya ko karolong a masome a mararo le borobabobedi mo lekgolong ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi.<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Shepherd on donkey on the move.jpg|thumb|Monna yo o palameng tonki o disa dipodi mo nokeng e e omileng]] Kgolo ya itsholelo e ne ya fokotsega ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano go fitlha ko ngwageng wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi mme ya fetoga go nna e e sa siamang ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe ka ntlha ya Kwelotlase e Kgolo ya itsholelo, ya ngotlega ka karolo ya botlhano ntlha pedi mo lekgolong.<ref>[https://www.thelugarcenter.org/assets/htmldocuments/Botswana%20brief%202.12.19_1.pdf "www.thelugarcenter.org]" (PDF).</ref> Se se ne sa gakadiwa ke kwelotlase e kgolo ya lefatshe lotlhe mo lekalaneng la madirelo, le le neng la ngotlega ka karolo ya masome a mararo mo lekgolong,<ref name=":2">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20220816000000/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana Botswana]". ''[[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]]'' (2022&#x20;ed.). [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. 16 August 2022.</ref> Kwelotlase e e tseneletseng ya itsholelo ya Botswana e ne e farologana le bontsi jwa ditšhaba tse dingwe tsa Aforika tse di neng tsa itemogela kgolo e e tswelelang mo pakeng eno.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004530/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2003rank.html CIA.gov] see also [[:en:File:GDP_Real_Growth.svg|File:GDP Real Growth.svg]]</ref> == Mokgwa wa itsholelo e kgolo == === Ditshupo tsa konokono === Tafole ya lenaneo e e latelang e supa ditshupo tsa konokono tsa itsholelo ka ngwaga wa1980 go ya kwa ngwageng wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le borataro. Koketsego ya ditlhwatlhwa e e kwa tlase ga karolo ya botlhano mo lekgolong e supiwa ka botala jwa tlhaga.<ref>"[https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/BWA Botswana]". ''www.imf.org''. Retrieved 5 May 2026.</ref> == Kgwebo ka go reka le go rekisa dithoto == [[Setshwantsho:Botswana rail network map.svg|thumb|Setshwantso sa mafaratlhatlha sa diterena tsa Botswana]] [[Setshwantsho:Gaborone Main Mall road.jpg|thumb|Tsela mo [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]]]] Botswana o kgabaganngwa ke tsela ya dikoloi e e kgabaganyang Aforika - [[:en:Cairo-Cape_Town_Highway|Tselakgolo ya Cairo-Cape Town]] le [[:en:Trans-Kalahari_Corridor|tsela ya dipalangwa ya go kgabaganya Kalahari]]. Botswana ke karolo ya Kopano ya Melelwane ya Borwa jwa Aforika ([[:en:SACU|SACU]]) le mafatshe a Aforika Borwa, Lesotho, Eswatini, le Namibia. [[:en:World_Bank|Banka ya Lefatshe]] [[:en:World_Bank|lotlhe]] e bega gore ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (ngwaga wa bošeng jaana o tshedimosetso ya Banka ya Lefatshe lotlhe e leng teng), SACU e ne e na le palogare e e [[:en:Common_external_tariff|bokete ya seelo sa dituediso]] tse di tlwaelegileng tsa kwa ntle sa karolo ya boraro ntlha ya borataro mo lekgolong. Go ya ka [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Commerce|Lephata la Kgwebo la lefatshe la U.S]]., "go na le dikgoreletsi di le mmalwa fela tsa dituediso kgotsa tse e seng tsa dituediso tsa go gweba le Botswana, kwa ntle ga dithibelo tsa go fiwa di tetla tsa ditiro dingwe tsa kgwebo, tse di beetsweng di kompone tsa [Botswana] fela." Go ikaegilwe ka mokgwa o o tlhabolotsweng wa ntlha ya kgwebisano, maduo a melawana ya kgwebisano ya Botswana ga a fetoge.<ref>{{unfit|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081216102841/http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/country.cfm?id=Botswana Botswana and WTO]}}</ref> Thomelo ya kwa ntle e kgolo ya lefatshe la Botswana ke ditaemane.<ref>"[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-market-overview Botswana - Market Overview]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone ke lefatshe la thomelo ya kwa ntle ya bobedi mo lefatsheng ya ditaemane.<ref>[https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/highest-diamond-producing-countries-2024/ "Highest Diamond Producing Countries 2024]". ''GeeksforGeeks''. 14 February 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Ka ntlha ya go ikaega thata ga lefatshe la Botswana ka diteemane, tlhokego e e maatla ya lefatshe ka bophara e botlhokwa mo boitekanelong jwa itsholelo.<ref>Ben-Zvi, Gidon (21 December 2023). [https://rapaport.com/analysis/a-new-dawn-for-the-botswana-diamond-industry/ "A New Dawn for the Botswana Diamond Industry"]. ''Rapaport''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Thomelo kwa ntle ya teemane e tlamela itsholelo ya lefatshe la Botswana ka tlamelo e e nonofileng ya madi a boditšhaba mme di neetse motheo wa tlhabololo ya madirelo le go tlhotlheletsa ditokafatso mo mafaratlhatlheng a lefatshe la Botswana.<ref>"[https://www.diamondfacts.org/infrastructure-development/ Infrastructure Development]". ''Diamond Facts''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa di na le seabe se segolo mo itsholelong ya Botswana, go na le matshwenyego a gore meepo ya diteemane ga e tlhoke badiri ba le bantsi go ka tlamela ka tiro e e lekaneng ya badiri ba Botswana, mme go sa tshwane mo go ne go umakilwe jaaka ntlha ya seelo se se kwa godimo sa letlhoko la ditiro mo lefatsheng.<ref>Guest, Peter (3 December 2015). [https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/03/africa/botswana-diamonds-jwaneng/index.html "Inside the world's richest diamond mine"]. CNN. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref><ref>"[http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details.php?nid=4811 Outlook for 2018 robust]". ''The Weekend Post''. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> == Meepo == ''Setlhogo sa konokono: [[:en:Mining_in_Botswana|Meepo mo Botswana]]'' Dikompone tse pedi tse dikgolo tsa meepo, [[:en:Debswana|Debswana]] (tse di bopilweng ke puso le [[:en:De_Beers|De Beers]] ya Aforika Borwa ka tirisanommogo e e lekanang) le Bamangwato Concessions, Ltd. (BCL, le yone e na le seabe se segolo sa tekatekano ya puso) di dira mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /> BCL e ne ya bewa mo tshekatshekong ya nakwana kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro , morago ga dingwaga tsa ditiro tse di dirang ditatlhegelo, mme e ne ya bewa mo tshekatshekong ya bofelo ke Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa.<ref>Rearabilwe Ramaphane (26 April 2017). [http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details.php?nid=3402 "Liquidator certifies BCL dead!]". ''Weekend Post''.</ref> === Ditaemane le majana a mangwe === [[Setshwantsho:Jwaneng Open Mine.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Jwaneng_diamond_mine|Moepo wa teemane wa Jwaneng]] ke wa bobedi mo lefatsheng la gompieno<ref>Groot, Robert (30 September 2022). [https://www.royalcoster.com/blogs/craftmanship/top-10-biggest-diamond-mines "Top 10 Biggest Diamond Mines"]. ''Royal Coster Diamonds''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref>]] Go tloga ka tshimologo ya dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi, lefatshe le le nnile nngwe ya mafatshe a a tlhagisang ditaemane tsa maje a a tlhokegang thata mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-mining-minerals "Botswana - Mining & Minerals]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Meepo e megolo ya teemane e le borobabobedi e butswe fa e sale Botswana e bona boipuso.<ref>[https://minedocs.com/20/DTC_Botswana_Global_Publications_Journey_Botswanas_Diamonds.pdf "minedocs.com/20/DTC_Botswana_Global_Publications_Journey_Botswanas_Diamonds.pdf"] (PDF). ''Minedocs.com''. p.&#x20;2.</ref> Babatli ba De Beers ba ribolotse di teemane kwa bokone jwa Botswana mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo 1970.<ref name=":1" /> Moepo wa ntlha o ne wa simolola go dira kwa lefelong la [[:en:Orapa_diamond_mine|Orapa]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bobedi , mme wa latelwa ke moepo o monnye kwa lefelong la [[:en:Letlhakane_diamond_mine|Letlhakane]].<ref name=":1" /> Se se fetogileng moepo o le mongwe o o humileng go gaisa wa di teemane mo lefatsheng o ne wa bulwa kwa lefelong la [[:en:Jwaneng_diamond_mine|Jwaneng]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bobedi.<ref name=":1" /> Moepo o ne wa bonwa fa metlhwa e e neng di batla metsi e ne e tlisa ditlhaka tsa teemane mo godimo ga metsi.<ref name=":3">''Botswana Business Law Handbook Strategic Information and Laws''. USA International Business Publications. Intl Business Pubns USA. 2012. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-6945-5|978-1-4387-6945-5]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/746835808 746835808].</ref> Botswana e tlhagisitse palo yotlhe ya di karate di le didikadike tse masome a mabedi le bone tsa di teemane go tswa kwa Debswana ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi,<ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/botswana-president-insists-bigger-share-diamonds-de-beers-venture-2023-05-25/#:~:text=L)%20%2C%20opens%20new%20tab%2C,of%20the%20De%20Beers%20system. Botswana president insists on bigger share of diamonds from De Beers venture]". ''Reuters''. 25 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> mme ke yone e e tlhagisang di teemane go gaisa tsotlhe ka boleng mo lefatsheng go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro.<ref>"[https://www.visualcapitalist.com/cp/world-diamond-mining-by-country/ Ranked: The World's Top Diamond Mining Countries, by Carats]". ''Visual Capitalist''. 29 September 2023.</ref>Katoloso ya Orapa 2000 ya moepo o o leng teng wa Orapa e ne ya bulwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi.<ref name=":1" /> Go ya ka Debswana, lenaneo la Katoloso ya Orapa 2000 le oketsa dipoelo tsa ngwaga le ngwaga tsa moepo wa Orapa go tswa go dikarate di le didikadike di le thataro go ya go dikarate di le didikadike di le lesome le bobedi mme ya tlhatlosa tlhagiso yotlhe go ya go dikarate di le didikadike di le masome a mabedi le borataro.<ref>[http://www.debswana.com/About-Us/Pages/Our-History.aspx "Our History]". Debswana. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedile boraro, Debswana e ne ya bula [[:en:Damtshaa_diamond_mine|moepo wa teemane wa Damtshaa]] o o neng o le dikilometara di ka nna makgolo a le mabedi le bobedi (seele sa maele wa lekgolo le masome a mane) kwa bophirima jwa toropokgolo ya [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]]. Moepo o ne wa bewa mo tlhokomelong le pabalelong ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano ka ntlha ya tlhokego e e bokoa ya lefatshe mme go ne go rulagantswe gore o bulwe gape ka kgwedi ya Firikgong k ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20180714032932/http://www.debeersgroup.com/botswana/en/who-we-are/de-beers-in-botswana/debswana/damtshaa.html Damtshaa – Debswana's newest mine]". De Beers Group. Archived from [http://www.debeersgroup.com/botswana/en/who-we-are/de-beers-in-botswana/debswana/damtshaa.html the original] on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref><ref>"[http://www.diamonds.net/News/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=59486&ArticleTitle=De+Beers+to+Resurrect+Damtshaa+Mine De Beers to Resurrect Damtshaa Mine]". Rapaport News. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi, Kompone ya Ditaemane ya lefatshe la Australia ya Kimberley e ne ya bula moepo kwa lefelong la [[:en:Lerala|Lerala]], e le moepo wa botlhano mo Botswana e bile e le wa ntlha o o sa tsamaisiweng ke Debswana.<ref>"[http://www.abnnewswire.net/press/en/44155/DIAMONEX-LIMITED.html Diamonex Limited Acquires Kimberlite Pipes in USA]". ABN Newswire. Retrieved 20 January 2008.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, lefelo la Kimberley le ne la tswala moepo ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa, a umaka maemo a a bokoa a mmaraka.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20170605021400/http://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFKBN18S4Z4-OZABS Botswana Lerala Diamond Mine shuts down – newspaper]". Reuters Africa. Archived from [https://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFKBN18S4Z4-OZABS the original] on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Bontsi jwa motlakase wa lefatshe la Botswana o tswa kwa [[:en:Eskom|Eskom]] ya lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>"[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-energy Botswana - Energy]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Debswana e tsamaisa Moepo wa [[:en:Morupule_Colliery|Malatlha a Morupule]] o o gaufi go e tlamela ka magala.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060217023857/http://www.miningweekly.co.za/min/sector/coal/?show=75117 "Creamer Media's Mining Weekly Online, South African Mining News :: Coal]". Archived from [http://www.miningweekly.co.za/min/sector/coal/?show%3D75117 the original] on 17 February 2006. Retrieved 5 May 2016.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana e rometse kwa ntle motlakase wa boleng jwa dikete di le tharo le lekgolo le masome a mabedi ( e leng di dollara dile tharo le ntlha e nngwe le bobedi) go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi, otlhe o ya kwa lefatsheng la Zimbabwe.<ref>"[https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/electricity/reporter/bwa Electricity in Botswana]". ''The Observatory of Economic Complexity''. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Mo tshimologong ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi , kgaolo yotlhe ya borwa jwa Aforika e ne ya amiwa thata ke tlhaelo e kgolo ya maatla, ga e sale kgaolo e dira go abelana metswedi ya yone ya maatla ka [[:en:Southern_African_Power_Pool|Southern African Power Pool,]] ka bontsi jwa bokgoni jwa yone bo tswa kwa lefatsheng la Aforika Borwa. Lefatshe la Botswana le lone le beile maano a go nna maromela kwa ntle wa motlakase kwa letangwaneng la kgaolo, ka katoloso ya puso ya seteišene sa motlakase sa Morupule, mmogo le go rotloetsa dipeeletso tse e seng tsa puso ka sebopego sa seteišene sa motlakase sa di-gigawatt di le nne ke kompone ya lefatshe la Canada ya CIC Energy. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi, CIC Energy e ne ya bonwa ke [[:en:Jindal_Steel_and_Power|Tshipi le Motlakase tsa Jindal]] tsa lefatshe la India. Ga jaana Jindal Africa e ikaeletse go dira meepo e le meraro ya fa godimo ga lefatshe mo mafelong a magala a [[:en:Mmamabula|Mmamabula]], mmogo le setlamo sa motlakase. Go ya ka kompone, "tlhabololo ya moepo e tla fitlhelela ditlhokego tsa diteišene tsa motlakase tsa maatla a motlakase makgolo a marataro le mebaraka ya magala a kgaolo ya thomelo kwa ntle, ka bokgoni jwa go thapa batho ba feta dikete tse pedi."<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230521201948/https://www.jindalafrica.com/countries/botswana/botswana-overview Botswana Overview]". Jindal Africa. Archived from [http://www.jindalafrica.com/countries/botswana/botswana-overview the original] on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref><ref>"[https://www.globalmethane.org/documents/toolsres_coal_overview_ch3.pdf Botswana]" (PDF). Global Methane Initiative. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111009103709/http://www.globalmethane.org/documents/toolsres_coal_overview_ch3.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana gape o tlhagisa [[:en:Soda_ash|molora wa soda]] ka Botash, e leng kgwebo e e kopanetsweng magareng ga puso le Setlhopha sa Chlor-Alkali Holdings (CAH) sa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa. Botash e ntse e dira kwa [[:en:Sua_Pan|Letsheng la Sua]] kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa lefatshe la Botswana fa e sale ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20201202065435/https://botash.bw/company-history/ Company History]". Botash. Archived from [http://www.botash.bw/company-history/ the original] on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> == Bojanala == ''Pego ya konokono: [[:en:Tourism_in_Botswana|Bojanala mo Botswana]]'' Bojanala ke madirelo a a ntseng a nna botlhokwa thata mo lefatsheng la Botswana, a a dirang mo e ka nnang karolo ya lesome le boraro ntlha nngwe mo lekgolong ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe.<ref>"[https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210209005667/en/Botswana-Tourism-Industry-Report-2021---ResearchAndMarkets.com Botswana Tourism Industry Report 2021 - ResearchAndMarkets.com]". ''www.businesswire.com''. 9 February 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref>Le fa go ntse jalo, Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone, go ne ga begwa gore e ne e le kwa tlase ga karolo ya lesome mo lekgolong .<ref>[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-travel-and-tourism "Botswana - Travel and Tourism]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Nngwe ya dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tse di kgethegileng mo lefatsheng, e leng [[:en:Okavango_Delta|Lefelo la noka e phatlhallang la Okavango]] , e mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":1" /> Lefatshe le fa tshono ya go lebelela diphologolo le go bona dinonyane kwa lefelong la noka e phatlhallang le kwa [[:en:Chobe_National_Park|Lefelong la diphologolo la Setshaba la Chobe]] —e e leng legae la nngwe ya metlhape e megolo thata ya ditlou tse di tsamayang ka kgololesego mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /> Lefelo la lefatshe la Botswana la [[:en:Central_Kalahari_Game_Reserve|legae la diphologolo le le mo bogareng jwa Kalahari]] gape le na le tshono ya go lebelela diphologolo le dingwe tsa naga tse di kgakala le tse di sa senngwang mo borwa jwa Aforika.<ref name=":1" /> Lefelo la diphologolo tsa bosetšhaba di le mmalwa le dipolokelo tsa diphologolo, ka diphologolo tsa tsone tse dintsi tsa naga le mafelo a a metsi, ke dilo tse dikgolo tse di ngokang bajanala.<ref>"[https://www.botswanasafarisokavangodelta.com/parks-reserves Botswana Wildlife National Parks & Reserves]". ''AfricanMecca Safaris''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> Mafelo a konokono a [[:en:Safari|loeto la go lebela diphologolo le dijanala]] a bojanala ke [[:en:Moremi_Game_Reserve|Lefelo la Diphologolo la Moremi]]<ref>"[https://www.moremi.com/index.php Moremi Game Reserve: Botswana's wildlife haven for an unmatched safari experience]". ''Moremi.com''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> mo [[:en:Okavango_Delta|Lefelo la noka e phatlhallang la Okavango]], le lefelo la Bosetšhaba ya Chobe. Lefatshe la Botswana le lone le tsaya karolo mo ditirong tsa tsamaiso ya ditsa tlholego tse di dirwang ke setshaba ka go leka go akaretsa banni ba motse mo bojanaleng. Sekao sengwe ke motse wa [[:en:Khwai|Khwai]]<ref>"[https://africanbushcamps.com/destinations/botswana/khwai-community-area/ Khwai Community Area]". ''African Bush Camps''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> le Terasete ya yona ya Tlhabololo ya Khwai.<ref>"[http://www.khwaitrust.co.bw/ Khwai Development Trust]". ''Khwai Development Trust''. Retrieved 1 May 2024.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana e ne e le lefelo la filimi ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobediya [[:en:The_Gods_Must_Be_Crazy|The Gods Must Be Crazy]], le fa filimi e e ne e diriwa kwa thata mo Aforika Borwa. [[:en:The_Amazing_Race_7|Setlha sa bosupa]] sa [[:en:The_Amazing_Race_(American_TV_series)|''The Amazing Race'']] se etetse Botswana. Bojanala bo tlhotlheleditswe ke [[:en:The_No._1_Ladies'_Detective_Agency|motseletsele wa dipadi tsa matseka]] ka [[:en:Alexander_McCall_Smith|Alexander McCall Smith]] le terama ya Amerika e e neng ya di latela.<ref>Canby, Vincent (28 October 1984). "[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/28/arts/film-view-is-the-gods-must-be-crazy-only-a-comedy.html FILM VIEW; IS 'THE GODS MUST BE CRAZY' ONLY A COMEDY?"]. ''The New York Times''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> == Temothuo == Go feta sephatlo sa baagi ba Botswana ba nna kwa metseselegaeng mme ba ikaegile ka dijalo tsa go iphedisa le go rua diruiwa.<ref name=":1" /> Temothuo e fitlhelela fela karolo e nnye ya ditlhokego tsa dijo mme e na le seabe sa karolo ya bongwe ntlha e robangbobedi fela ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ya Botswana go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi lelesome le bosupa, go ya ka CIA World Factbook.<ref name=":2" />Diphopholetso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone di boletse fa e santse e le kwa tlase ga karolo ya bobedi mo lekgolong ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ya lefatshe la Botswana.<ref>[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-agricultural-sectors "Botswana - Agricultural Sectors]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Go rua dikgomo go ne go laola botshelo jwa loago le itsholele ya Botswana pele ga boipuso.<ref name=":1" />[[:en:Botswana_Meat_Commission|Setlhopa sa dipatlisiso ya Nama ya Botswana]] (BMC) e na le taolo e le nosi mo tlhagisong ya nama ya kgomo, le fa go ntse jalo kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro , e ne ya fela.<ref>Mguni, Mbongeni. [https://www.mmegi.bw/business/bmc-monopoly-nears-end-as-cabinet-approves-meat-regulator/news "BMC monopoly nears end as Cabinet approves meat regulator"].</ref>Motlhape wa bosetšhaba o ne o ka nna didikadike di le mabedi le ntlha e le nngwe mo lekgolong mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe, le fa go bolawa ga motlhape otlhe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe lebotlhano go go laetsweng ke puso kwa Kgaolong ya [[:en:Ngamiland|Ngamiland]] kwa bokone-bophirima jwa Botswana, go thibela go anama ga "bolwetse jwa makgwafo a dikgomo" kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa naga, go fokoditse palo ka bonnye jwa didikadike dile pedi.<ref name=":4">"[http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/ Botswana production in 2018, by FAO"]</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana le tlhagisitse, ka ngwaga dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi: * lekgolo le bobedi ditone tse sekete tsa motso le tubers; * masome amane le borataro a sekete sa ditone tsa meroho; * ditone di le dikete di le lesome le bosupa tsa mabele; * ditone di le dikete di le lesome le boraro tsa mmidi; * boferabobedi jwa ditone tse sekete tsa hop; * borataro jwa ditone tse sekete tsa onion; * botlhano jwa ditone tse sekete tsa tamati; Mo godimo ga dikumo tse dinnye tsa dikumo tse dingwe tsa temothuo<ref name=":4" /> == Tlhagiso == Madirelo a tlhagiso mo lefatsheng la Botswana<ref>"[https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/sectors/ Sectors]"</ref> <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230521201949/https://www.gobotswana.com/sector/manufacturing Manufacturing | Go Botswana]". Archived from [https://www.gobotswana.com/sector/manufacturing the original] on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2021.</ref>di akaretsa go dira dijo, bogolo jang go dira nama ya kgomo, go dira diteemane, go dira matsela le diaparo, go dira dino, go dira mabenyane, ditshipi le dithoto tsa tshipi, go dira molora, go dira didirisiwa tsa kago, le go [[:en:Glass_production|dira galase]]. Tlhagiso e na le kgolo e e ka nnang teng, le fa go ntse jalo,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240505114036/http://www.hrdc.org.bw/manufacturing-sector "Manufacturing Sector | HRDC]". ''www.hrdc.org.bw''. Archived from [http://www.hrdc.org.bw/manufacturing-sector the original] on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> e dira mo e ka nnang karolo ya botlhano mo lekgolong ya palogotlhe ya [[:en:Gross_domestic_product|dikumo tsa selegae tsa]] [[:en:Gross_domestic_product|lefatshe]].<ref>"[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.IND.MANF.ZS?locations=BW World Bank Open Data]". ''World Bank Open Data''. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Mo dingwageng tse di fetileng, go nnile le kwelotlase e e bonalang mo seabeng sa lekalana la tlhagiso mo itsholelong ya bosetšhaba. Lebaka la se le ka tlhomamisiwa mo dintlheng di le mmalwa, tsa konokono e le go tlhoka bokgoni, go palelwa ke go tsamaisana le maranyane a sešweng, go tlhoka kgaisano mmogo le mekgwa e e sa siamang ya go rekisa.<ref>[https://www.ceda.co.bw/sites/default/files/Publications/ASSESSMENT_OF_INVESTMENT_OPPORTUNITIES_WITH_THE_MANUFACTURING_SECTOR_IN_BOTSWANA-JUNE_2020.pdfhttps://www.ceda.co.bw/sites/default/files/Publications/ASSESSMENT_OF_INVESTMENT_OPPORTUNITIES_WITH_THE_MANUFACTURING_SECTOR_IN_BOTSWANA-JUNE_2020.pdf "www.ceda.co.bw/sites/default/files/Publications/ASSESSMENT_OF_INVESTMENT_OPPORTUNITIES_WITH_THE_MANUFACTURING_SECTOR_IN_BOTSWANA-JUNE_2020.pdf"] (PDF). ''CEDA''.</ref> == Thuto ya bonetetshi le maranyane == Go na le lephata le le golang la bonetetshi mo lefatsheng Botswana. Palo ya dikgatiso tsa borasaense ba lefatshe la Botswana tse di kwadilweng mo lenaaneng la dipolokelotshedimosetso tsa boditšhabatšhaba e oketsegile go tswa go lekgolo le masome a mararo le boraro ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe go ya ko makgolong a mabedi le lesome ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi , lefatshe la Botswana e tlhagisitse di pego tsa dikwalo tsa saense le maranyane di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a borobabobedi le bongwe. Lefatshe le na le nngwe ya maemo a a kwa godimo a go dira dithoto tsa bonetesthi mo Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara.<ref>"[https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000235406_eng Southern Africa. In: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (PDF])"</ref><ref>"[https://knoema.com/atlas/Botswana/Number-of-scientific-journal-articles Botswana – Number of scientific and technical journal articles]</ref> Lefatshe gape le na le madirelo a maranyane a a kwa godimo, a e leng legae la dikompone di le mmalwa tsa maranyane ya tshedimosetso.<ref>"[https://www.localbotswana.com/category/Information_technology Best Information Technology Companies in Botswana]"</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi , dilo tse di romelwang kwa ntle tsa maranyane a a kwa godimo tsa Botswana di ne di le bokana ka dikete di le boraro le borobabobedi tsa di dolara.<ref>"[https://knoema.com/atlas/Botswana/High-technology-exports Botswana – High-technology exports in current prices]"</ref> == Tlhabololo ya lekala la poraefete le dipeeletso tsa kwa ntle == [[Setshwantsho:Tourist Resort at Kasane.jpg|thumb|Lefelo la bojanala kwa [[:en:Kasane|Kasane]]]] Botswana e batla go farologanya itsholelo ya yone go tswa mo ditswammung,<ref name=":1" /> tse dituelo tsa yone di lekalekaneng.<ref>"[https://www.oecd.org/countries/botswana/35176115.pdf 001331-08 Botswana 6"] (PDF). ''OECD''.</ref> Dipeeletso tsa kwa ntle mo lefatsheng la Botswana di godile sentle. Mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe, dikompone tse pedi tsa lefatshe la Amerika, Owens Corning le Heinz, di ne tsa dira dipeeletso tse dikgolo mo mafelong a tlhagiso kwa Botswana.<ref>[https://archivesspace.uncw.edu/repositories/5/archival_objects/63351 "Articles and reports by Hans-Joachim (H.J.) Heinz, 1962-1971]". ''UNCW archives''.</ref>Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa , setlhopha sa St. Paul se ne sa reka Botswana Insurance, e leng nngwe ya dikompone tse di di gogang kwa pele mo lefatsheng leno ka tiisetso ya tshireletso kgatlhanong le tatlhegelo ya paka e khutshwane. Lekgotla la Kgwebo la lefatshe la Amerika (ABC), le le nang le dikompone tse di fetang masome a mararo tse di leng maloko, le ne la tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano.<ref>"[https://www.abc.org.bw/ AMERICAN BUSINESS COUNCIL OF BOTSWANA]". ''www.abc.org.bw''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Hyundai e ne e na le madirelo a go kopanya dikoloi kwa lefatsheng la Botswana go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090106025801/http://www.gov.bw/economy/index.html "The Government of Botswana – Economic Snapshot]". Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/economy/index.html the original] on 6 January 2009.</ref> Botswana e batla go tswelela go farologanya itsholelo ya yone go tswa mo ditswammung,<ref name=":1" /> tse di dirang kotara ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ,<ref>"[https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/botswana/147499.htm Botswana (03/26/10])". ''U.S. Department of State''. Retrieved 22 October 2021.</ref> go tswa go mo e ka nnang sephatlho sa palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe .<ref name=":1" /> Dipeeletso le botsamaisi jwa kwa ntle di a amogelwa mo lefatsheng la Botswana<ref name=":1" /> mme, ka ntlha ya seo, makalana a matlole le ditirelo a oketsegile ka seelo se se kwa godimo ka dingwaga tsa bo dikete tse pedi go emisetsa meepo jaaka madirelo a a eteletseng pele.<ref name=":3" /> Botswana e fedisitse [[:en:Foreign_exchange_controls|ditaolo tsa kananyo ya madi a]] [[:en:Foreign_exchange_controls|mafatshe]] a sele ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe, e na le seelo se se kwa tlase sa lekgetho la dikompone(karolo ya lesome le botlhano mo lekgolong), ga go na dithibelo tsa go nna le dikompone tsa mafatshe a sele, mme go tloga ka kgwedi ya Firikgong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone e ka nna karolo ya bone mo lekgolong.<ref>[https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/Consumer%20Price%20Index%20January%202024.pdf "CONSUMER PRICE INDEX JANUARY 2024]" (PDF). ''Statistics Botswana''.</ref> Puso e tsaya gore go tsaya karolo ga lekalana le e seng la puso go botlhokwa thata mo katlegong ya Leano la Bosetšhaba la Tlhabololo la naga (go tswa ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2016) le go tokafatsa [[:en:Science_and_technology_in_Botswana|seabe sa dipatlisiso le tlhabololo]] jaaka tsela e e atlegileng go gaisa ya go godisa kgwebo le kgolo ya lekala le e seng la puso. Puso e akanyetsa melawana e mengwe go tokafatsa kgaisano, go akaretsa le Leano le lešwa la Dipeeletso tse di Tlhamaletseng tsa Dinaga di Sele, Melawana ya Kgaisano, Leano le legolo la go Dira Dithomelo tse e seng tsa puso le Leano la Tlhabololo ya Thomelo ya kwa ntle ya Bosetšhaba.<ref>Lemarchand, Guillermo A.; Schneegans, Susan, eds. (2013). ''[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002247/224725E.pdf Mapping Research and Innovation in the Republic of Botswana]'' (PDF). Paris: UNESCO. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-3-001219-9|978-92-3-001219-9]]</bdi>. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</ref><ref>''[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030]'' (PDF). Paris: UNESCO. 2015. pp.&#x20;546–547. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100129-1|978-92-3-100129-1]]</bdi>. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana le itsege ka go nna le dipeeletso tse dintsi tsa magala mme se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafatshe a a humileng ka magala thata mo lefatsheng lotlhe .<ref>Pecquet, Julian. "[https://www.theafricareport.com/290227/energy-starved-botswana-seeks-us-support-as-it-banks-on-coal/#:~:text=Botswana%20sits%20atop%20the%20world's,recent%20spate%20of%20rolling%20blackouts. Energy-starved Botswana seeks US support as it banks on coal]". ''TheAfricaReport.com''.</ref> Meepo e megolo ya magala, madirelo a a magolo a motlakase a a dirisang magala, mmogo le madirelo a magala go nna seedi (ka [[:en:Fischer–Tropsch_process|thulaganyo ya Fischer–Tropsch]]) go tlhagisa lookwane lwa maitirelo lwa dikoloi di rulagantswe.<ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/botswana-plans-25-bln-coal-to-liquids-plant-cut-fuel-imports-2022-05-16/ Reuters]". ''[[:en:Reuters|Reuters]]''.</ref><ref>"[https://usea.org/sites/default/files/102013_Challenges%20and%20opportunities%20for%20coal%20gasification%20in%20developing%20countries_ccc225.pdf Challenges and opportunities for coal gasification in developing countries]"</ref> Ka mekwalo ya yone e e netefaditsweng ya puso e e siameng ya itsholelo, lefatshe la Botswana le ne la bewa mo maemong a boraro mo Aforika a a senang bonweenwee mo Tshupaneng ya Dikakanyo tsa Bonweenwee ka ngwaga wa 2020, le le kwa pele ga mafatshea le mantsi a lefatshekgolo le le naleng dikarolo tsa mafatshe la Europe le Asia.<ref name=":1" /><ref>"[https://www.transparency.org/cpi/2023 CPI 2023]". [[:en:Transparency_International|Transparency International]]. Retrieved 28 January 2021.</ref> Kopano ya Itsholelo ya Lefatshe lotlhe e ne ya tlhoma lefatshe la Botswana maemo a boraro a a gaisanang thata mo itsholelong mo Aforika ka ngwaga wa 2002.<ref name=":1" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, lefatshe la Botswana ga le sa tlhole e le leloko la Kopano ya Itsholelo ya Lefatshe (WEF).<ref>"[https://www.weforum.org/communities/africa/ Africa]". ''World Economic Forum''.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2001 lefatshe la Botswana le ne la abelwa gape ditekanyetso tsa sekoloto tsa seemo sa "A" ke Moody's le Standard & Poor's.<ref name=":1" />Se se baya lefatshe la Botswana mo maemong a a kwa godimo thata mo Aforika mo kotsing ya sekoloto mme se e baya mo maemong a a lekanang kgotsa kwa godimo ga mafatshe a le mantsi a lefatshekgolo le le naleng karolo ya mafatshe a mangwe la Europe yo mo bogareng, Asia yo ko Botlhaba, le Latin America.<ref name=":1" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2024, lefatshe la Botswana le ntse le le mo maemong a BBB+ mo seemong sa S&P, fa le ntse le le mo maemong a A3 mo seemong sa sekoloto sa mophato wa Moody.<ref>"[https://countryeconomy.com/ratings/botswana Rating: Botswana Credit Rating 2024 | countryeconomy.com". ''countryeconomy.com'']. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> Dipeeletso tsa lefatshe la U.S. mo lefatsheng la Botswana di sa ntse di le kwa tlase mme di tswelela go gola. Dikoporase tse dikgolo tsa lefatshe la U.S., tse di jaaka [[:en:Coca-Cola|Coca-Cola]] le [[:en:Heinz|Heinz]], di teng ka dipeeletso tse di tlhamaletseng, fa tse dingwe, tse di jaaka [[:en:KFC|KFC]], di le teng ka ditshwanelo tsa go reka.<ref name=":1" /> Ditekanyetso tsa sekoloto tse di ikemetseng tsa Moody's le Standard & Poor's di supa sentle gore, le fa go na le dikgwetlho tse di tswelelang tse di jaaka bogolo jo bonnye jwa mmaraka, lefelo le le dikologilweng ke lewatle, le dithulaganyo tse di bokete tsa tsamaiso, lefatshe la Botswana e santse e le nngwe ya ditšhono tse di gaisang tsa dipeeletso mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologang.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ntlha ya ditso tsa yone le thutafatshe, lefatshe la Botswana le na le kamano e telele le e e tseneletseng le itsholelo ya lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":1" /> [[:en:Southern_African_Customs_Union|Mokgatlho wa Melelwane wa]] [[:en:Southern_African_Customs_Union|lefatshe la Aforika Borwa]] (SACU), o ga jaana o akaretsang mafatshe a [[:en:Namibia|Namibia]], Botswana, [[:en:Lesotho|Lesotho]], [[:en:Eswatini|Eswatini]], le Aforika Borwa, o simolotse ka ngwaga wa 1910.<ref name=":1" /> Ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo e, lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le kokoantse makgetho go tswa mo melelwaneng, thekisong, le makgetho a dithoto tsa maloko otlhe a matlhano, e abelana dipoelo go ikaegilwe ka karolo ya naga nngwe le nngwe ya dithomelong tse tlang mo teng ga lefatshe.<ref name=":1" /> Mokgwa o o tlhomameng wa go abelana lotseno le taolo ya go tsaya ditshwetso mo ditirong—e e neng e tshwerwe ke Puso ya lefatshe la Aforika Borwa fela—e ne ya nna le kganetsano e ntsi, mme maloko a ne a buisana gape ka thulaganyo e ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref name=":1" /> Sebopego se sešwa jaanong se amogetswe semmuso mme go tlhomilwe Bokwaledi jwa SACU kwa toropong ya [[:en:Windhoek|Windhoek]], ya lefatshe la Namibia.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240301120409/https://sacu.int/category.php?cat=Secretariat "sacu.int"]. Archived from [https://www.sacu.int/category.php?cat=Secretariat the original] on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.</ref> Morago ga go tsena ga lefatshe la Aforika Borwa mo [[:en:World_Trade_Organization|Mokgatlhong wa Kgwebisano wa Lefatshe]] (WTO), lefatshe la Botswana le lone le ne la tsena; bontsi jwa ditiro tsa SACU ka jalo di a fokotsega, mme se sa dira gore dikumo tse di tswang kwa ntle ga kgaolo di nne le kgaisano mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":1" /> Gone jaana, mafatshe a SACU le U.S. di buisana ka tumalano ya kgwebisano e e gololesegileng. Lefatshe la Botswana gone jaana gape le buisana ka tumalano ya kgwebisano e e gololesegileng le mmaraka wa [[:en:Mercosur|Mercosur]] le Tumalano ya Tirisanommogo ya itsholelo le Kopano ya lefatshekgolo le le naleng karolo ya mafatshe la Europe jaaka karolo ya SADC.<ref>[http://www.sice.oas.org/tpd/usa_sacu/USA_SACU_e.ASP#:~:text=In%20November%202006,%20the%20United,signed%20on%2016%20July%202008. "SICE: Trade Policy Developments: United States-Southern African Customs Union (SACU])". ''www.sice.oas.org''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} == Maranyane a mangwe == * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Botswana/Business_and_Economy/Economic_Development}}DMOZ{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Botswana/Business_and_Economy/Economic_Development}} * [http://www.trademap.org/open_access/Index.aspx?proceed=true&reporter=072 Botswana latest trade data on ITC Trade Map] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080921071451/http://mbendi.co.za/land/af/bo/p0005.htm MBendi Botswana overview] * [http://www.mining-technology.com/projects/debswana/ Debswana mine] boywhxufm9x0c4psdinihqmrfhao5yh 52792 52791 2026-07-20T07:57:05Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox economy | country = Botswana | year = 21 April - 32 March | image = | image_size = 420px | caption = [[botsswanna in botswannaiTowers of Masa Square CBD|Masa Square Central Business District]] | currency = [[Botswana Pula|Pula]] (BWP, P) | organs = [[African Union|AU]], [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]] (signed), [[Southern African Development Community|SADC]], [[Southern African Customs Union|SACU]], [[World Trade Organization|WTO]] | group = {{plainlist| *[[Developing country|Developing/Emerging]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weoselco.aspx?g=2200&sg=All+countries+%2f+Emerging+market+and+developing+economies |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref> *Upper-middle income economy<ref>{{cite web |url=https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups |title=World Bank Country and Lending Groups |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=datahelpdesk.worldbank.org |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref>}} | population = {{increase}} 2,397,240 (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=BW |title=Population, total - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-date=21 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821123757/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref> | gdp = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} $16.90 billion (nominal, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=26&pr.y=21&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=616&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org | access-date=17 November 2019}}</ref> *{{increase}} $43.907 billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]], 2019 est.)<ref name="2020/01">{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2020 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2020/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=28&pr.y=20&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=616&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CPPPGDP%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref>}} | gdp rank = {{plainlist| *[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|114th (nominal, 2019)]] *[[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|113th (PPP, 2019)]]}} | growth = {{plainlist| *14.5%&nbsp;(2018) 3.0%&nbsp;(2019e) *−5.4%&nbsp;(2020e) 6.8%&nbsp;(2021e)<ref name="2020/01"/>}} | per capita = {{plainlist| *{{decrease}} $7,859 (nominal, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW"/> *{{increase}} $18,558 (PPP, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOBW"/>}} | per capita rank = {{plainlist| *[[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita|78th (nominal, 2019)]] *[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|75th (PPP, 2018)]]}} | sectors = {{plainlist| *[[agriculture]]: 1.8% *[[Industrial sector|industry]]: 27.5% *[[Tertiary sector of the economy|services]]: 70.6% *(2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ |title=The World Factbook |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |website=CIA.gov |access-date=15 May 2019 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | inflation = 2.1% (2020 est.)<ref name="2020/01"/> | poverty = {{plainlist| *16.3% ({{As of|2016|alt=2016}})<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdb.org/en/countries/southern-africa/botswana/botswana-economic-outlook/|title=Botswana Economic Outlook|date=29 March 2019}}</ref> *60.4% on less than $5.50/day (2015)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.UMIC?locations=BW |title=Poverty headcount ratio at $5.50 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=4 December 2019 |archive-date=27 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127133918/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.UMIC?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | gini = 53.3 {{color|red|high}} (2015)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> | hdi = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} 0.728 {{color|green|high}} (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506 |title=Human Development Index (HDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref> ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|94th]]) *{{steady}} N/A [[List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI|IHDI]] (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-3-inequality-adjusted-human-development-index-ihdi |title=Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref>}} | labor = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} 1,107,235 (2019)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=BW |title=Labor force, total - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> *55.7% employment rate (2013)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.NE.ZS?locations=BW |title=Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate) - Botswana |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922090025/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.NE.ZS?locations=BW |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} | edbr = {{decrease}} [[Ease of doing business index#Ranking|87th (easy, 2020)]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/botswana |title=Ease of Doing Business in Botswana |publisher=Doingbusiness.org |access-date=24 November 2017 }}</ref> | unemployment = 17.7% ({{As of|2017|alt=2017}})<ref name="autogenerated2"/> | industries = [[diamond]]s, [[copper]], [[nickel]], [[salt]], [[soda ash]], [[potash]], [[coal]], [[iron ore]], [[silver]]; [[beef]] processing; [[textiles]] | exports = {{decrease}} $5.934 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | export-goods = [[diamond]]s, [[copper]], [[nickel]], [[soda ash]], [[beef]], [[textiles]] | export-partners = {{plainlist| *{{flag|Belgium}} 20.3% *{{flag|India}} 12.6% *{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} 12.4% *{{flag|South Africa}} 11.9% *{{flag|Singapore}} 8.7% *{{flag|Israel}} 7% *{{flag|Hong Kong}} 4.1% *{{flag|Namibia}} 4.1% *(2017)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | imports = {{decrease}} $5.005 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | import-goods = foodstuffs, [[machinery]], [[electrical]] goods, [[transport]] equipment, [[textiles]], [[fuel]] and [[petroleum]] products, [[wood]] and [[paper]] products, [[metal]] and [[metal]] products | import-partners = {{plainlist| *{{flag|South Africa}} 66.1% *{{flag|Canada}} 8.3% *{{flag|Israel}} 5.3% *(2017)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | current account = {{decrease}} $2.146 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | FDI = {{plainlist| *{{decrease}} $5.319 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> *{{increase}} Abroad: $1.973 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/>}} | gross external debt = {{decreasePositive}} $2.187 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | debt = {{decreasePositive}} 21.7% of GDP (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indexmundi.com/es/botsuana/deuda_publica.html|title=Deuda pública - Botsuana - Economía}}</ref> | revenue = 5.305 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | expenses = 5.478 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | balance = −1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | aid = $73 million ({{As of|1995|alt=1995}}) | credit = {{plainlist| *[[Standard & Poor's]]:<ref>{{cite web |title= Sovereigns rating list |publisher=Standard & Poor's |url=http://www.standardandpoors.com/ratings/sovereigns/ratings-list/en/eu/?subSectorCode=39 |access-date=26 May 2011}}</ref> *A (Domestic) *A- (Foreign) *A+ (T&C Assessment)}} | reserves = {{increase}} $7.491 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBC"/> | cianame = botswana | spelling = }} [[:en:Botswana|Botswana]] o na le [[:en:Developing_country|itsholelo e e tlhabologang]] e e tsewang e le ya lotseno lo lo kwa godimo go ya kwa bogareng. Kgolo ya tiro ya lekalana le e seng la puso e ne e le palogare ya bokana ka karolo ya lesome mo lekgolong ka ngwaga mo dingwageng tsa ntlha di le masome a mararo tsa boipuso jwa lefatshe. Morago ga paka ya go ema hela go sa irege sepe kwa tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa masome a mabedi le bongwe, itsholelo ya [[:en:Botswana|Botswana]] e ne ya kwadisa maemo a a nonofileng a kgolo, ka kgolo ya Palo yotlhe ya dithoro le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng e e neng ya feta dintlha tsa karolo ya borataro go ya kwa bosupeng mo lekgolong. Kgolo ya itsholelo fa e sale ka bofelo jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1960 e ntse e lekana le itsholelo dingwe tse dikgolo tsa lefatshekgolo le le naleng di karolo tsa mafatshe Asia.<ref>Leith, J. Clark (2005). ''[https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt80xfp Why Botswana Prospered]''. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp.&#x20;ix-2. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2820-8|<bdi>978-0-7735-2820-8</bdi>.]] [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]]&#x20;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt80xfp j.ctt80xfp].</ref> Puso e ntse e tshegetsa lefetiso la tekanyetsokabo ka tlhomamo mme e na le [[:en:Foreign-exchange_reserves|dipolokelo tse dintsi tsa kananyo ya madi a]] [[:en:Foreign-exchange_reserves|mafatshe a sele]].<ref>[http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/489431468012950282/pdf/95304-REPLACEMENT-SCD-P150575-PUBLIC-Botswana-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic-Report.pdf "BOTSWANA: Systematic Country Diagnostic]" (PDF). World Bank Group. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/489431468012950282/pdf/95304-REPLACEMENT-SCD-P150575-PUBLIC-Botswana-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic-Report.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Kgolo ya itsholelo ya Botswana fa e bapisiwa le mafatshe a mangwe a a mabapi le yone, e agilwe mo motheong wa meepo ya diteemane, melawana e e botlhale ya matlole, le molawana o o kelotlhoko wa dinaga di sele.<ref name=":1">{{citation-attribution|{{Cite web|date=May 2002|title=Background Note: Botswana |url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020606143242/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm| archive-date=June 6, 2002 |publisher=[[U.S. Department of State]]}}}}</ref> Itsholelo ya lefatshe la Botswana e ikaegile thata ka go epa diteemane. Meepo ya diteemane e na le seabe mo karolong ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ya lotseno lwa puso bogolosegolo ka tirisanommogo e mo go yone matlhakore ka bobedi a naleng seabe sa karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong le De Beers mo [[:en:Debswana|komponeng ya Diteemane ya Debswana]].<ref>Makoni, Patricia Lindelwa (4 May 2017). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311238609 "Exploring economic structure and drivers of economic growth in Botswana"]. ''Journal of Governance and Regulation''. '''4''': 672–678 &#x2013; via ResearchGate.</ref> Diteemane tse di dirwang mo lefelong la diteko di dirile gore go nne le phokotsego e e bonalang ya tlhokego ya lefatshe ka bophara ya ditaemane tse di epilweng go simolola mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi . Phokotso e e bakilweng ke boleng jwaditaemane tse di romelwang kwa ntle e ne ya dira gore Letlole la madi la boditshabtshaba le bonele ko pele gore lefatshe la Botswana le tla nna le tlhaelo ya matlole ya karolo ya lesome le bongwe mo lekgolong, mme lephata la matlole la Botswana le bonele pele kgolo e e sa siamang ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano .<ref>Mguni, Mbongeni; Hill, Matthew (2 September 2025). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2025-09-02/next-africa-diamond-market-crisis-spells-disaster-for-botswana "Botswana Reels as Diamonds Lose Their Sparkle"]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved 21 October 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , Botswana e beilwe jaaka lefatshe la boraro le le naleng bonweenwee jo bo ko tlase mo Aforika mo [[:en:Corruption_Perceptions_Index|Tshupaneng ya Dikakanyo tsa Bonweenwee]] ke lekgotla la boditšhabatšhaba la go tlhokomela bonweenwee la [[:en:Transparency_International|Transparency International]]. E na le [[:en:List_of_countries_by_GNI_(PPP)_per_capita|lotseno lwa bone lo lo kwa godimo lwa bosetšhaba ka tlhogo mo maatleng a go reka]] mo Aforika le kwa godimo ga palogare ya lefatshe.<ref>[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.PP.CD?year_high_desc=true "GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)]". ''data.worldbank.org''. World Bank. Retrieved 12 January 2020.</ref> [[:en:Trade_unions_in_Botswana|Mekgatlho ya babereki]] e emetse palo e potlana ya babereki mo itsholelong ya Botswana. Ka kakaretso ke mekgatlho ya badiri e e rulagantsweng ka tsela e e sa gagamalang "ya mo ntlong", le fa [[:en:Botswana_Federation_of_Trade_Unions|Mokgatlho wa Badiri wa Botswana]] (BFTU) o tiisa seabe sa one jaaka [[:en:National_trade_union_centre|setheo se le sengwe fela sa bosetšhaba sa mekgatlho ya badiri mo]] [[:en:National_trade_union_centre|lefatsheng]].<ref>[[:en:International_Centre_for_Trade_Union_Rights|ICTUR]]; et&#x20;al., eds. (2005). ''Trade Unions of the World'' (6th&#x20;ed.). London, UK: John Harper Publishing. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-9543811-5-7|0-9543811-5-7]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20070926013529/http://www.fes.org.bw/Downloads/BFTU%20Globalization%202007.pdf Policy position paper on globalization – 2007]" (PDF). ''Botswana Federation of Trade Unions'': 25. Archived from [http://www.fes.org.bw/Downloads/BFTU%20Globalization%202007.pdf the original] (PDF) on 26 September 2007.</ref> Go ikaega ga Botswana ka [[:en:Mining_industry_of_Botswana|meepo]] go feta selekanyo le seelo se se kwa godimo sa tshwaetsego ya mogare wa [[:en:HIV/AIDS|HIV/AIDS]] (mogolo mongwe le mongwe mo go ba le batlhano diteko tsa gagwe tsa madi di netefatsa gore o nale mogare) le letlhoko la ditiro di ka tshosetsa katlego ya yona ya isago.<ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/botswana-warns-dangers-dash-african-minerals-2023-02-09/ Botswana warns of dangers in dash for African minerals]". ''Reuters''.</ref><ref>[https://www.unicef.org/botswana/hiv "HIV | UNICEF Botswana]". ''www.unicef.org''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> Botswana e nnile naga ya ntlha e e nang le morwalo o mogolo go newa setlankana sa go fitlhelela phitlhelelo e e botlhokwa mo tseleng ya go fedisa phetiso ya mogare wa HIV go tswa mo go mme go ya kwa leseeng ke Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Boitekanelo (WHO).<ref>"[https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/botswana-award-feature Botswana reaches key milestone in the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV]". ''www.who.int''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> == Ditso == [[:en:Agriculture|Temothuo]] e sa ntse e tlamela ka matshelo a le karolo ya masome a supa mo lekgolong ya baagi ba kwa magaeng mme e tlamela fela ka bokana jwa karolo ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ya ditlhokego tsa dijo mme e ne e arabela karolo ya lesome ntlha ya borobabobedi mo lekgolong fela ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng go tloga kangwaga wa 2016.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20180921195852/http://www.economiesafricaines.com/en/countries/botswana/economic-sectors/the-agricultural-sector The agricultural sector in Botswana]". ''Economies Africaines''. Archived from [http://www.economiesafricaines.com/en/countries/botswana/economic-sectors/the-agricultural-sector the original] on 21 September 2018.</ref><ref name=":0">{{citation-attribution|{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Botswana|year=2000|url=http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/bc.html|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001119185100/http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/bc.html |archive-date=November 19, 2000 }}}}</ref> [[:en:Subsistence_agriculture|Temothuo ya go itshidisa le ba lelwapa]] le go rua dikgomo ke tsone tse dintsi.<ref name=":0" /> Lekalana le le tshwerwe ke pula e e sa tlhomamang le mebu e e bokoa.<ref name=":0" /> Meepo ya diteemane le bojanala le tsone di botlhokwa mo itsholelong.<ref name=":0" /> Dipeeletso tse dintsi tsa ditswammung di ne tsa fitlhelwa ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa mme lekalana la meepo le ne la gola go tswa mo karolong ya masome a mabedi le botlhano mo lekgolong ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi go ya ko karolong a masome a mararo le borobabobedi mo lekgolong ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi.<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Shepherd on donkey on the move.jpg|thumb|Monna yo o palameng tonki o disa dipodi mo nokeng e e omileng]] Kgolo ya itsholelo e ne ya fokotsega ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano go fitlha ko ngwageng wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi mme ya fetoga go nna e e sa siamang ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe ka ntlha ya Kwelotlase e Kgolo ya itsholelo, ya ngotlega ka karolo ya botlhano ntlha pedi mo lekgolong.<ref>[https://www.thelugarcenter.org/assets/htmldocuments/Botswana%20brief%202.12.19_1.pdf "www.thelugarcenter.org]" (PDF).</ref> Se se ne sa gakadiwa ke kwelotlase e kgolo ya lefatshe lotlhe mo lekalaneng la madirelo, le le neng la ngotlega ka karolo ya masome a mararo mo lekgolong,<ref name=":2">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20220816000000/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana Botswana]". ''[[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]]'' (2022&#x20;ed.). [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. 16 August 2022.</ref> Kwelotlase e e tseneletseng ya itsholelo ya Botswana e ne e farologana le bontsi jwa ditšhaba tse dingwe tsa Aforika tse di neng tsa itemogela kgolo e e tswelelang mo pakeng eno.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004530/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2003rank.html CIA.gov] see also [[:en:File:GDP_Real_Growth.svg|File:GDP Real Growth.svg]]</ref> == Mokgwa wa itsholelo e kgolo == === Ditshupo tsa konokono === Tafole ya lenaneo e e latelang e supa ditshupo tsa konokono tsa itsholelo ka ngwaga wa1980 go ya kwa ngwageng wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le borataro. Koketsego ya ditlhwatlhwa e e kwa tlase ga karolo ya botlhano mo lekgolong e supiwa ka botala jwa tlhaga.<ref>"[https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/BWA Botswana]". ''www.imf.org''. Retrieved 5 May 2026.</ref> == Kgwebo ka go reka le go rekisa dithoto == [[Setshwantsho:Botswana rail network map.svg|thumb|Setshwantso sa mafaratlhatlha sa diterena tsa Botswana]] [[Setshwantsho:Gaborone Main Mall road.jpg|thumb|Tsela mo [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]]]] Botswana o kgabaganngwa ke tsela ya dikoloi e e kgabaganyang Aforika - [[:en:Cairo-Cape_Town_Highway|Tselakgolo ya Cairo-Cape Town]] le [[:en:Trans-Kalahari_Corridor|tsela ya dipalangwa ya go kgabaganya Kalahari]]. Botswana ke karolo ya Kopano ya Melelwane ya Borwa jwa Aforika ([[:en:SACU|SACU]]) le mafatshe a Aforika Borwa, Lesotho, Eswatini, le Namibia. [[:en:World_Bank|Banka ya Lefatshe]] [[:en:World_Bank|lotlhe]] e bega gore ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (ngwaga wa bošeng jaana o tshedimosetso ya Banka ya Lefatshe lotlhe e leng teng), SACU e ne e na le palogare e e [[:en:Common_external_tariff|bokete ya seelo sa dituediso]] tse di tlwaelegileng tsa kwa ntle sa karolo ya boraro ntlha ya borataro mo lekgolong. Go ya ka [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Commerce|Lephata la Kgwebo la lefatshe la U.S]]., "go na le dikgoreletsi di le mmalwa fela tsa dituediso kgotsa tse e seng tsa dituediso tsa go gweba le Botswana, kwa ntle ga dithibelo tsa go fiwa di tetla tsa ditiro dingwe tsa kgwebo, tse di beetsweng di kompone tsa [Botswana] fela." Go ikaegilwe ka mokgwa o o tlhabolotsweng wa ntlha ya kgwebisano, maduo a melawana ya kgwebisano ya Botswana ga a fetoge.<ref>{{unfit|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081216102841/http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/country.cfm?id=Botswana Botswana and WTO]}}</ref> Thomelo ya kwa ntle e kgolo ya lefatshe la Botswana ke ditaemane.<ref>"[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-market-overview Botswana - Market Overview]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone ke lefatshe la thomelo ya kwa ntle ya bobedi mo lefatsheng ya ditaemane.<ref>[https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/highest-diamond-producing-countries-2024/ "Highest Diamond Producing Countries 2024]". ''GeeksforGeeks''. 14 February 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Ka ntlha ya go ikaega thata ga lefatshe la Botswana ka diteemane, tlhokego e e maatla ya lefatshe ka bophara e botlhokwa mo boitekanelong jwa itsholelo.<ref>Ben-Zvi, Gidon (21 December 2023). [https://rapaport.com/analysis/a-new-dawn-for-the-botswana-diamond-industry/ "A New Dawn for the Botswana Diamond Industry"]. ''Rapaport''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Thomelo kwa ntle ya teemane e tlamela itsholelo ya lefatshe la Botswana ka tlamelo e e nonofileng ya madi a boditšhaba mme di neetse motheo wa tlhabololo ya madirelo le go tlhotlheletsa ditokafatso mo mafaratlhatlheng a lefatshe la Botswana.<ref>"[https://www.diamondfacts.org/infrastructure-development/ Infrastructure Development]". ''Diamond Facts''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa di na le seabe se segolo mo itsholelong ya Botswana, go na le matshwenyego a gore meepo ya diteemane ga e tlhoke badiri ba le bantsi go ka tlamela ka tiro e e lekaneng ya badiri ba Botswana, mme go sa tshwane mo go ne go umakilwe jaaka ntlha ya seelo se se kwa godimo sa letlhoko la ditiro mo lefatsheng.<ref>Guest, Peter (3 December 2015). [https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/03/africa/botswana-diamonds-jwaneng/index.html "Inside the world's richest diamond mine"]. CNN. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref><ref>"[http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details.php?nid=4811 Outlook for 2018 robust]". ''The Weekend Post''. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> == Meepo == ''Setlhogo sa konokono: [[:en:Mining_in_Botswana|Meepo mo Botswana]]'' Dikompone tse pedi tse dikgolo tsa meepo, [[:en:Debswana|Debswana]] (tse di bopilweng ke puso le [[:en:De_Beers|De Beers]] ya Aforika Borwa ka tirisanommogo e e lekanang) le Bamangwato Concessions, Ltd. (BCL, le yone e na le seabe se segolo sa tekatekano ya puso) di dira mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /> BCL e ne ya bewa mo tshekatshekong ya nakwana kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro , morago ga dingwaga tsa ditiro tse di dirang ditatlhegelo, mme e ne ya bewa mo tshekatshekong ya bofelo ke Kgotlatshekelokgolo ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa.<ref>Rearabilwe Ramaphane (26 April 2017). [http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details.php?nid=3402 "Liquidator certifies BCL dead!]". ''Weekend Post''.</ref> === Ditaemane le majana a mangwe === [[Setshwantsho:Jwaneng Open Mine.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Jwaneng_diamond_mine|Moepo wa teemane wa Jwaneng]] ke wa bobedi mo lefatsheng la gompieno<ref>Groot, Robert (30 September 2022). [https://www.royalcoster.com/blogs/craftmanship/top-10-biggest-diamond-mines "Top 10 Biggest Diamond Mines"]. ''Royal Coster Diamonds''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref>]] Go tloga ka tshimologo ya dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi, lefatshe le le nnile nngwe ya mafatshe a a tlhagisang ditaemane tsa maje a a tlhokegang thata mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-mining-minerals "Botswana - Mining & Minerals]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Meepo e megolo ya teemane e le borobabobedi e butswe fa e sale Botswana e bona boipuso.<ref>[https://minedocs.com/20/DTC_Botswana_Global_Publications_Journey_Botswanas_Diamonds.pdf "minedocs.com/20/DTC_Botswana_Global_Publications_Journey_Botswanas_Diamonds.pdf"] (PDF). ''Minedocs.com''. p.&#x20;2.</ref> Babatli ba De Beers ba ribolotse di teemane kwa bokone jwa Botswana mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo 1970.<ref name=":1" /> Moepo wa ntlha o ne wa simolola go dira kwa lefelong la [[:en:Orapa_diamond_mine|Orapa]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bobedi , mme wa latelwa ke moepo o monnye kwa lefelong la [[:en:Letlhakane_diamond_mine|Letlhakane]].<ref name=":1" /> Se se fetogileng moepo o le mongwe o o humileng go gaisa wa di teemane mo lefatsheng o ne wa bulwa kwa lefelong la [[:en:Jwaneng_diamond_mine|Jwaneng]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bobedi.<ref name=":1" /> Moepo o ne wa bonwa fa metlhwa e e neng di batla metsi e ne e tlisa ditlhaka tsa teemane mo godimo ga metsi.<ref name=":3">''Botswana Business Law Handbook Strategic Information and Laws''. USA International Business Publications. Intl Business Pubns USA. 2012. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-6945-5|978-1-4387-6945-5]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/746835808 746835808].</ref> Botswana e tlhagisitse palo yotlhe ya di karate di le didikadike tse masome a mabedi le bone tsa di teemane go tswa kwa Debswana ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi,<ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/botswana-president-insists-bigger-share-diamonds-de-beers-venture-2023-05-25/#:~:text=L)%20%2C%20opens%20new%20tab%2C,of%20the%20De%20Beers%20system. Botswana president insists on bigger share of diamonds from De Beers venture]". ''Reuters''. 25 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> mme ke yone e e tlhagisang di teemane go gaisa tsotlhe ka boleng mo lefatsheng go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro.<ref>"[https://www.visualcapitalist.com/cp/world-diamond-mining-by-country/ Ranked: The World's Top Diamond Mining Countries, by Carats]". ''Visual Capitalist''. 29 September 2023.</ref>Katoloso ya Orapa 2000 ya moepo o o leng teng wa Orapa e ne ya bulwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi.<ref name=":1" /> Go ya ka Debswana, lenaneo la Katoloso ya Orapa 2000 le oketsa dipoelo tsa ngwaga le ngwaga tsa moepo wa Orapa go tswa go dikarate di le didikadike di le thataro go ya go dikarate di le didikadike di le lesome le bobedi mme ya tlhatlosa tlhagiso yotlhe go ya go dikarate di le didikadike di le masome a mabedi le borataro.<ref>[http://www.debswana.com/About-Us/Pages/Our-History.aspx "Our History]". Debswana. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedile boraro, Debswana e ne ya bula [[:en:Damtshaa_diamond_mine|moepo wa teemane wa Damtshaa]] o o neng o le dikilometara di ka nna makgolo a le mabedi le bobedi (seele sa maele wa lekgolo le masome a mane) kwa bophirima jwa toropokgolo ya [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]]. Moepo o ne wa bewa mo tlhokomelong le pabalelong ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano ka ntlha ya tlhokego e e bokoa ya lefatshe mme go ne go rulagantswe gore o bulwe gape ka kgwedi ya Firikgong k ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20180714032932/http://www.debeersgroup.com/botswana/en/who-we-are/de-beers-in-botswana/debswana/damtshaa.html Damtshaa – Debswana's newest mine]". De Beers Group. Archived from [http://www.debeersgroup.com/botswana/en/who-we-are/de-beers-in-botswana/debswana/damtshaa.html the original] on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref><ref>"[http://www.diamonds.net/News/NewsItem.aspx?ArticleID=59486&ArticleTitle=De+Beers+to+Resurrect+Damtshaa+Mine De Beers to Resurrect Damtshaa Mine]". Rapaport News. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi, Kompone ya Ditaemane ya lefatshe la Australia ya Kimberley e ne ya bula moepo kwa lefelong la [[:en:Lerala|Lerala]], e le moepo wa botlhano mo Botswana e bile e le wa ntlha o o sa tsamaisiweng ke Debswana.<ref>"[http://www.abnnewswire.net/press/en/44155/DIAMONEX-LIMITED.html Diamonex Limited Acquires Kimberlite Pipes in USA]". ABN Newswire. Retrieved 20 January 2008.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, lefelo la Kimberley le ne la tswala moepo ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa, a umaka maemo a a bokoa a mmaraka.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20170605021400/http://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFKBN18S4Z4-OZABS Botswana Lerala Diamond Mine shuts down – newspaper]". Reuters Africa. Archived from [https://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFKBN18S4Z4-OZABS the original] on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Bontsi jwa motlakase wa lefatshe la Botswana o tswa kwa [[:en:Eskom|Eskom]] ya lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref>"[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-energy Botswana - Energy]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Debswana e tsamaisa Moepo wa [[:en:Morupule_Colliery|Malatlha a Morupule]] o o gaufi go e tlamela ka magala.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060217023857/http://www.miningweekly.co.za/min/sector/coal/?show=75117 "Creamer Media's Mining Weekly Online, South African Mining News :: Coal]". Archived from [http://www.miningweekly.co.za/min/sector/coal/?show%3D75117 the original] on 17 February 2006. Retrieved 5 May 2016.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana e rometse kwa ntle motlakase wa boleng jwa dikete di le tharo le lekgolo le masome a mabedi ( e leng di dollara dile tharo le ntlha e nngwe le bobedi) go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi, otlhe o ya kwa lefatsheng la Zimbabwe.<ref>"[https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/electricity/reporter/bwa Electricity in Botswana]". ''The Observatory of Economic Complexity''. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Mo tshimologong ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi , kgaolo yotlhe ya borwa jwa Aforika e ne ya amiwa thata ke tlhaelo e kgolo ya maatla, ga e sale kgaolo e dira go abelana metswedi ya yone ya maatla ka [[:en:Southern_African_Power_Pool|Southern African Power Pool,]] ka bontsi jwa bokgoni jwa yone bo tswa kwa lefatsheng la Aforika Borwa. Lefatshe la Botswana le lone le beile maano a go nna maromela kwa ntle wa motlakase kwa letangwaneng la kgaolo, ka katoloso ya puso ya seteišene sa motlakase sa Morupule, mmogo le go rotloetsa dipeeletso tse e seng tsa puso ka sebopego sa seteišene sa motlakase sa di-gigawatt di le nne ke kompone ya lefatshe la Canada ya CIC Energy. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi, CIC Energy e ne ya bonwa ke [[:en:Jindal_Steel_and_Power|Tshipi le Motlakase tsa Jindal]] tsa lefatshe la India. Ga jaana Jindal Africa e ikaeletse go dira meepo e le meraro ya fa godimo ga lefatshe mo mafelong a magala a [[:en:Mmamabula|Mmamabula]], mmogo le setlamo sa motlakase. Go ya ka kompone, "tlhabololo ya moepo e tla fitlhelela ditlhokego tsa diteišene tsa motlakase tsa maatla a motlakase makgolo a marataro le mebaraka ya magala a kgaolo ya thomelo kwa ntle, ka bokgoni jwa go thapa batho ba feta dikete tse pedi."<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230521201948/https://www.jindalafrica.com/countries/botswana/botswana-overview Botswana Overview]". Jindal Africa. Archived from [http://www.jindalafrica.com/countries/botswana/botswana-overview the original] on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref><ref>"[https://www.globalmethane.org/documents/toolsres_coal_overview_ch3.pdf Botswana]" (PDF). Global Methane Initiative. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111009103709/http://www.globalmethane.org/documents/toolsres_coal_overview_ch3.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana gape o tlhagisa [[:en:Soda_ash|molora wa soda]] ka Botash, e leng kgwebo e e kopanetsweng magareng ga puso le Setlhopha sa Chlor-Alkali Holdings (CAH) sa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa. Botash e ntse e dira kwa [[:en:Sua_Pan|Letsheng la Sua]] kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa lefatshe la Botswana fa e sale ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20201202065435/https://botash.bw/company-history/ Company History]". Botash. Archived from [http://www.botash.bw/company-history/ the original] on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref> == Bojanala == ''Pego ya konokono: [[:en:Tourism_in_Botswana|Bojanala mo Botswana]]'' Bojanala ke madirelo a a ntseng a nna botlhokwa thata mo lefatsheng la Botswana, a a dirang mo e ka nnang karolo ya lesome le boraro ntlha nngwe mo lekgolong ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe.<ref>"[https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210209005667/en/Botswana-Tourism-Industry-Report-2021---ResearchAndMarkets.com Botswana Tourism Industry Report 2021 - ResearchAndMarkets.com]". ''www.businesswire.com''. 9 February 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref>Le fa go ntse jalo, Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone, go ne ga begwa gore e ne e le kwa tlase ga karolo ya lesome mo lekgolong .<ref>[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-travel-and-tourism "Botswana - Travel and Tourism]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Nngwe ya dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tse di kgethegileng mo lefatsheng, e leng [[:en:Okavango_Delta|Lefelo la noka e phatlhallang la Okavango]] , e mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":1" /> Lefatshe le fa tshono ya go lebelela diphologolo le go bona dinonyane kwa lefelong la noka e phatlhallang le kwa [[:en:Chobe_National_Park|Lefelong la diphologolo la Setshaba la Chobe]] —e e leng legae la nngwe ya metlhape e megolo thata ya ditlou tse di tsamayang ka kgololesego mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":1" /> Lefelo la lefatshe la Botswana la [[:en:Central_Kalahari_Game_Reserve|legae la diphologolo le le mo bogareng jwa Kalahari]] gape le na le tshono ya go lebelela diphologolo le dingwe tsa naga tse di kgakala le tse di sa senngwang mo borwa jwa Aforika.<ref name=":1" /> Lefelo la diphologolo tsa bosetšhaba di le mmalwa le dipolokelo tsa diphologolo, ka diphologolo tsa tsone tse dintsi tsa naga le mafelo a a metsi, ke dilo tse dikgolo tse di ngokang bajanala.<ref>"[https://www.botswanasafarisokavangodelta.com/parks-reserves Botswana Wildlife National Parks & Reserves]". ''AfricanMecca Safaris''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> Mafelo a konokono a [[:en:Safari|loeto la go lebela diphologolo le dijanala]] a bojanala ke [[:en:Moremi_Game_Reserve|Lefelo la Diphologolo la Moremi]]<ref>"[https://www.moremi.com/index.php Moremi Game Reserve: Botswana's wildlife haven for an unmatched safari experience]". ''Moremi.com''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> mo [[:en:Okavango_Delta|Lefelo la noka e phatlhallang la Okavango]], le lefelo la Bosetšhaba ya Chobe. Lefatshe la Botswana le lone le tsaya karolo mo ditirong tsa tsamaiso ya ditsa tlholego tse di dirwang ke setshaba ka go leka go akaretsa banni ba motse mo bojanaleng. Sekao sengwe ke motse wa [[:en:Khwai|Khwai]]<ref>"[https://africanbushcamps.com/destinations/botswana/khwai-community-area/ Khwai Community Area]". ''African Bush Camps''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> le Terasete ya yona ya Tlhabololo ya Khwai.<ref>"[http://www.khwaitrust.co.bw/ Khwai Development Trust]". ''Khwai Development Trust''. Retrieved 1 May 2024.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana e ne e le lefelo la filimi ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobediya [[:en:The_Gods_Must_Be_Crazy|The Gods Must Be Crazy]], le fa filimi e e ne e diriwa kwa thata mo Aforika Borwa. [[:en:The_Amazing_Race_7|Setlha sa bosupa]] sa [[:en:The_Amazing_Race_(American_TV_series)|''The Amazing Race'']] se etetse Botswana. Bojanala bo tlhotlheleditswe ke [[:en:The_No._1_Ladies'_Detective_Agency|motseletsele wa dipadi tsa matseka]] ka [[:en:Alexander_McCall_Smith|Alexander McCall Smith]] le terama ya Amerika e e neng ya di latela.<ref>Canby, Vincent (28 October 1984). "[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/28/arts/film-view-is-the-gods-must-be-crazy-only-a-comedy.html FILM VIEW; IS 'THE GODS MUST BE CRAZY' ONLY A COMEDY?"]. ''The New York Times''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> == Temothuo == Go feta sephatlo sa baagi ba Botswana ba nna kwa metseselegaeng mme ba ikaegile ka dijalo tsa go iphedisa le go rua diruiwa.<ref name=":1" /> Temothuo e fitlhelela fela karolo e nnye ya ditlhokego tsa dijo mme e na le seabe sa karolo ya bongwe ntlha e robangbobedi fela ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ya Botswana go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi lelesome le bosupa, go ya ka CIA World Factbook.<ref name=":2" />Diphopholetso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone di boletse fa e santse e le kwa tlase ga karolo ya bobedi mo lekgolong ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ya lefatshe la Botswana.<ref>[https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/botswana-agricultural-sectors "Botswana - Agricultural Sectors]". ''www.trade.gov''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Go rua dikgomo go ne go laola botshelo jwa loago le itsholele ya Botswana pele ga boipuso.<ref name=":1" />[[:en:Botswana_Meat_Commission|Setlhopa sa dipatlisiso ya Nama ya Botswana]] (BMC) e na le taolo e le nosi mo tlhagisong ya nama ya kgomo, le fa go ntse jalo kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro , e ne ya fela.<ref>Mguni, Mbongeni. [https://www.mmegi.bw/business/bmc-monopoly-nears-end-as-cabinet-approves-meat-regulator/news "BMC monopoly nears end as Cabinet approves meat regulator"].</ref>Motlhape wa bosetšhaba o ne o ka nna didikadike di le mabedi le ntlha e le nngwe mo lekgolong mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe, le fa go bolawa ga motlhape otlhe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe lebotlhano go go laetsweng ke puso kwa Kgaolong ya [[:en:Ngamiland|Ngamiland]] kwa bokone-bophirima jwa Botswana, go thibela go anama ga "bolwetse jwa makgwafo a dikgomo" kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa naga, go fokoditse palo ka bonnye jwa didikadike dile pedi.<ref name=":4">"[http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/ Botswana production in 2018, by FAO"]</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana le tlhagisitse, ka ngwaga dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi: * lekgolo le bobedi ditone tse sekete tsa motso le tubers; * masome amane le borataro a sekete sa ditone tsa meroho; * ditone di le dikete di le lesome le bosupa tsa mabele; * ditone di le dikete di le lesome le boraro tsa mmidi; * boferabobedi jwa ditone tse sekete tsa hop; * borataro jwa ditone tse sekete tsa onion; * botlhano jwa ditone tse sekete tsa tamati; Mo godimo ga dikumo tse dinnye tsa dikumo tse dingwe tsa temothuo<ref name=":4" /> == Tlhagiso == Madirelo a tlhagiso mo lefatsheng la Botswana<ref>"[https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/sectors/ Sectors]"</ref> <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230521201949/https://www.gobotswana.com/sector/manufacturing Manufacturing | Go Botswana]". Archived from [https://www.gobotswana.com/sector/manufacturing the original] on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2021.</ref>di akaretsa go dira dijo, bogolo jang go dira nama ya kgomo, go dira diteemane, go dira matsela le diaparo, go dira dino, go dira mabenyane, ditshipi le dithoto tsa tshipi, go dira molora, go dira didirisiwa tsa kago, le go [[:en:Glass_production|dira galase]]. Tlhagiso e na le kgolo e e ka nnang teng, le fa go ntse jalo,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240505114036/http://www.hrdc.org.bw/manufacturing-sector "Manufacturing Sector | HRDC]". ''www.hrdc.org.bw''. Archived from [http://www.hrdc.org.bw/manufacturing-sector the original] on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> e dira mo e ka nnang karolo ya botlhano mo lekgolong ya palogotlhe ya [[:en:Gross_domestic_product|dikumo tsa selegae tsa]] [[:en:Gross_domestic_product|lefatshe]].<ref>"[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.IND.MANF.ZS?locations=BW World Bank Open Data]". ''World Bank Open Data''. Retrieved 5 May 2024.</ref> Mo dingwageng tse di fetileng, go nnile le kwelotlase e e bonalang mo seabeng sa lekalana la tlhagiso mo itsholelong ya bosetšhaba. Lebaka la se le ka tlhomamisiwa mo dintlheng di le mmalwa, tsa konokono e le go tlhoka bokgoni, go palelwa ke go tsamaisana le maranyane a sešweng, go tlhoka kgaisano mmogo le mekgwa e e sa siamang ya go rekisa.<ref>[https://www.ceda.co.bw/sites/default/files/Publications/ASSESSMENT_OF_INVESTMENT_OPPORTUNITIES_WITH_THE_MANUFACTURING_SECTOR_IN_BOTSWANA-JUNE_2020.pdfhttps://www.ceda.co.bw/sites/default/files/Publications/ASSESSMENT_OF_INVESTMENT_OPPORTUNITIES_WITH_THE_MANUFACTURING_SECTOR_IN_BOTSWANA-JUNE_2020.pdf "www.ceda.co.bw/sites/default/files/Publications/ASSESSMENT_OF_INVESTMENT_OPPORTUNITIES_WITH_THE_MANUFACTURING_SECTOR_IN_BOTSWANA-JUNE_2020.pdf"] (PDF). ''CEDA''.</ref> == Thuto ya bonetetshi le maranyane == Go na le lephata le le golang la bonetetshi mo lefatsheng Botswana. Palo ya dikgatiso tsa borasaense ba lefatshe la Botswana tse di kwadilweng mo lenaaneng la dipolokelotshedimosetso tsa boditšhabatšhaba e oketsegile go tswa go lekgolo le masome a mararo le boraro ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe go ya ko makgolong a mabedi le lesome ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi , lefatshe la Botswana e tlhagisitse di pego tsa dikwalo tsa saense le maranyane di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a borobabobedi le bongwe. Lefatshe le na le nngwe ya maemo a a kwa godimo a go dira dithoto tsa bonetesthi mo Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara.<ref>"[https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000235406_eng Southern Africa. In: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (PDF])"</ref><ref>"[https://knoema.com/atlas/Botswana/Number-of-scientific-journal-articles Botswana – Number of scientific and technical journal articles]</ref> Lefatshe gape le na le madirelo a maranyane a a kwa godimo, a e leng legae la dikompone di le mmalwa tsa maranyane ya tshedimosetso.<ref>"[https://www.localbotswana.com/category/Information_technology Best Information Technology Companies in Botswana]"</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi , dilo tse di romelwang kwa ntle tsa maranyane a a kwa godimo tsa Botswana di ne di le bokana ka dikete di le boraro le borobabobedi tsa di dolara.<ref>"[https://knoema.com/atlas/Botswana/High-technology-exports Botswana – High-technology exports in current prices]"</ref> == Tlhabololo ya lekala la poraefete le dipeeletso tsa kwa ntle == [[Setshwantsho:Tourist Resort at Kasane.jpg|thumb|Lefelo la bojanala kwa [[:en:Kasane|Kasane]]]] Botswana e batla go farologanya itsholelo ya yone go tswa mo ditswammung,<ref name=":1" /> tse dituelo tsa yone di lekalekaneng.<ref>"[https://www.oecd.org/countries/botswana/35176115.pdf 001331-08 Botswana 6"] (PDF). ''OECD''.</ref> Dipeeletso tsa kwa ntle mo lefatsheng la Botswana di godile sentle. Mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe, dikompone tse pedi tsa lefatshe la Amerika, Owens Corning le Heinz, di ne tsa dira dipeeletso tse dikgolo mo mafelong a tlhagiso kwa Botswana.<ref>[https://archivesspace.uncw.edu/repositories/5/archival_objects/63351 "Articles and reports by Hans-Joachim (H.J.) Heinz, 1962-1971]". ''UNCW archives''.</ref>Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa , setlhopha sa St. Paul se ne sa reka Botswana Insurance, e leng nngwe ya dikompone tse di di gogang kwa pele mo lefatsheng leno ka tiisetso ya tshireletso kgatlhanong le tatlhegelo ya paka e khutshwane. Lekgotla la Kgwebo la lefatshe la Amerika (ABC), le le nang le dikompone tse di fetang masome a mararo tse di leng maloko, le ne la tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano.<ref>"[https://www.abc.org.bw/ AMERICAN BUSINESS COUNCIL OF BOTSWANA]". ''www.abc.org.bw''. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</ref> Hyundai e ne e na le madirelo a go kopanya dikoloi kwa lefatsheng la Botswana go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090106025801/http://www.gov.bw/economy/index.html "The Government of Botswana – Economic Snapshot]". Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/economy/index.html the original] on 6 January 2009.</ref> Botswana e batla go tswelela go farologanya itsholelo ya yone go tswa mo ditswammung,<ref name=":1" /> tse di dirang kotara ya palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng ,<ref>"[https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/botswana/147499.htm Botswana (03/26/10])". ''U.S. Department of State''. Retrieved 22 October 2021.</ref> go tswa go mo e ka nnang sephatlho sa palo yotlhe ya dithoto le ditirelo tsotlhe tse di tlhagisitsweng mo lefatsheng mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe .<ref name=":1" /> Dipeeletso le botsamaisi jwa kwa ntle di a amogelwa mo lefatsheng la Botswana<ref name=":1" /> mme, ka ntlha ya seo, makalana a matlole le ditirelo a oketsegile ka seelo se se kwa godimo ka dingwaga tsa bo dikete tse pedi go emisetsa meepo jaaka madirelo a a eteletseng pele.<ref name=":3" /> Botswana e fedisitse [[:en:Foreign_exchange_controls|ditaolo tsa kananyo ya madi a]] [[:en:Foreign_exchange_controls|mafatshe]] a sele ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe, e na le seelo se se kwa tlase sa lekgetho la dikompone(karolo ya lesome le botlhano mo lekgolong), ga go na dithibelo tsa go nna le dikompone tsa mafatshe a sele, mme go tloga ka kgwedi ya Firikgong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone e ka nna karolo ya bone mo lekgolong.<ref>[https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/Consumer%20Price%20Index%20January%202024.pdf "CONSUMER PRICE INDEX JANUARY 2024]" (PDF). ''Statistics Botswana''.</ref> Puso e tsaya gore go tsaya karolo ga lekalana le e seng la puso go botlhokwa thata mo katlegong ya Leano la Bosetšhaba la Tlhabololo la naga (go tswa ka ngwaga wa 2009 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2016) le go tokafatsa [[:en:Science_and_technology_in_Botswana|seabe sa dipatlisiso le tlhabololo]] jaaka tsela e e atlegileng go gaisa ya go godisa kgwebo le kgolo ya lekala le e seng la puso. Puso e akanyetsa melawana e mengwe go tokafatsa kgaisano, go akaretsa le Leano le lešwa la Dipeeletso tse di Tlhamaletseng tsa Dinaga di Sele, Melawana ya Kgaisano, Leano le legolo la go Dira Dithomelo tse e seng tsa puso le Leano la Tlhabololo ya Thomelo ya kwa ntle ya Bosetšhaba.<ref>Lemarchand, Guillermo A.; Schneegans, Susan, eds. (2013). ''[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002247/224725E.pdf Mapping Research and Innovation in the Republic of Botswana]'' (PDF). Paris: UNESCO. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-3-001219-9|978-92-3-001219-9]]</bdi>. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</ref><ref>''[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030]'' (PDF). Paris: UNESCO. 2015. pp.&#x20;546–547. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100129-1|978-92-3-100129-1]]</bdi>. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana le itsege ka go nna le dipeeletso tse dintsi tsa magala mme se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafatshe a a humileng ka magala thata mo lefatsheng lotlhe .<ref>Pecquet, Julian. "[https://www.theafricareport.com/290227/energy-starved-botswana-seeks-us-support-as-it-banks-on-coal/#:~:text=Botswana%20sits%20atop%20the%20world's,recent%20spate%20of%20rolling%20blackouts. Energy-starved Botswana seeks US support as it banks on coal]". ''TheAfricaReport.com''.</ref> Meepo e megolo ya magala, madirelo a a magolo a motlakase a a dirisang magala, mmogo le madirelo a magala go nna seedi (ka [[:en:Fischer–Tropsch_process|thulaganyo ya Fischer–Tropsch]]) go tlhagisa lookwane lwa maitirelo lwa dikoloi di rulagantswe.<ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/botswana-plans-25-bln-coal-to-liquids-plant-cut-fuel-imports-2022-05-16/ Reuters]". ''[[:en:Reuters|Reuters]]''.</ref><ref>"[https://usea.org/sites/default/files/102013_Challenges%20and%20opportunities%20for%20coal%20gasification%20in%20developing%20countries_ccc225.pdf Challenges and opportunities for coal gasification in developing countries]"</ref> Ka mekwalo ya yone e e netefaditsweng ya puso e e siameng ya itsholelo, lefatshe la Botswana le ne la bewa mo maemong a boraro mo Aforika a a senang bonweenwee mo Tshupaneng ya Dikakanyo tsa Bonweenwee ka ngwaga wa 2020, le le kwa pele ga mafatshea le mantsi a lefatshekgolo le le naleng dikarolo tsa mafatshe la Europe le Asia.<ref name=":1" /><ref>"[https://www.transparency.org/cpi/2023 CPI 2023]". [[:en:Transparency_International|Transparency International]]. Retrieved 28 January 2021.</ref> Kopano ya Itsholelo ya Lefatshe lotlhe e ne ya tlhoma lefatshe la Botswana maemo a boraro a a gaisanang thata mo itsholelong mo Aforika ka ngwaga wa 2002.<ref name=":1" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, lefatshe la Botswana ga le sa tlhole e le leloko la Kopano ya Itsholelo ya Lefatshe (WEF).<ref>"[https://www.weforum.org/communities/africa/ Africa]". ''World Economic Forum''.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2001 lefatshe la Botswana le ne la abelwa gape ditekanyetso tsa sekoloto tsa seemo sa "A" ke Moody's le Standard & Poor's.<ref name=":1" />Se se baya lefatshe la Botswana mo maemong a a kwa godimo thata mo Aforika mo kotsing ya sekoloto mme se e baya mo maemong a a lekanang kgotsa kwa godimo ga mafatshe a le mantsi a lefatshekgolo le le naleng karolo ya mafatshe a mangwe la Europe yo mo bogareng, Asia yo ko Botlhaba, le Latin America.<ref name=":1" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2024, lefatshe la Botswana le ntse le le mo maemong a BBB+ mo seemong sa S&P, fa le ntse le le mo maemong a A3 mo seemong sa sekoloto sa mophato wa Moody.<ref>"[https://countryeconomy.com/ratings/botswana Rating: Botswana Credit Rating 2024 | countryeconomy.com". ''countryeconomy.com'']. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> Dipeeletso tsa lefatshe la U.S. mo lefatsheng la Botswana di sa ntse di le kwa tlase mme di tswelela go gola. Dikoporase tse dikgolo tsa lefatshe la U.S., tse di jaaka [[:en:Coca-Cola|Coca-Cola]] le [[:en:Heinz|Heinz]], di teng ka dipeeletso tse di tlhamaletseng, fa tse dingwe, tse di jaaka [[:en:KFC|KFC]], di le teng ka ditshwanelo tsa go reka.<ref name=":1" /> Ditekanyetso tsa sekoloto tse di ikemetseng tsa Moody's le Standard & Poor's di supa sentle gore, le fa go na le dikgwetlho tse di tswelelang tse di jaaka bogolo jo bonnye jwa mmaraka, lefelo le le dikologilweng ke lewatle, le dithulaganyo tse di bokete tsa tsamaiso, lefatshe la Botswana e santse e le nngwe ya ditšhono tse di gaisang tsa dipeeletso mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologang.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ntlha ya ditso tsa yone le thutafatshe, lefatshe la Botswana le na le kamano e telele le e e tseneletseng le itsholelo ya lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":1" /> [[:en:Southern_African_Customs_Union|Mokgatlho wa Melelwane wa]] [[:en:Southern_African_Customs_Union|lefatshe la Aforika Borwa]] (SACU), o ga jaana o akaretsang mafatshe a [[:en:Namibia|Namibia]], Botswana, [[:en:Lesotho|Lesotho]], [[:en:Eswatini|Eswatini]], le Aforika Borwa, o simolotse ka ngwaga wa 1910.<ref name=":1" /> Ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo e, lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le kokoantse makgetho go tswa mo melelwaneng, thekisong, le makgetho a dithoto tsa maloko otlhe a matlhano, e abelana dipoelo go ikaegilwe ka karolo ya naga nngwe le nngwe ya dithomelong tse tlang mo teng ga lefatshe.<ref name=":1" /> Mokgwa o o tlhomameng wa go abelana lotseno le taolo ya go tsaya ditshwetso mo ditirong—e e neng e tshwerwe ke Puso ya lefatshe la Aforika Borwa fela—e ne ya nna le kganetsano e ntsi, mme maloko a ne a buisana gape ka thulaganyo e ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref name=":1" /> Sebopego se sešwa jaanong se amogetswe semmuso mme go tlhomilwe Bokwaledi jwa SACU kwa toropong ya [[:en:Windhoek|Windhoek]], ya lefatshe la Namibia.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240301120409/https://sacu.int/category.php?cat=Secretariat "sacu.int"]. Archived from [https://www.sacu.int/category.php?cat=Secretariat the original] on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.</ref> Morago ga go tsena ga lefatshe la Aforika Borwa mo [[:en:World_Trade_Organization|Mokgatlhong wa Kgwebisano wa Lefatshe]] (WTO), lefatshe la Botswana le lone le ne la tsena; bontsi jwa ditiro tsa SACU ka jalo di a fokotsega, mme se sa dira gore dikumo tse di tswang kwa ntle ga kgaolo di nne le kgaisano mo lefatsheng la Botswana.<ref name=":1" /> Gone jaana, mafatshe a SACU le U.S. di buisana ka tumalano ya kgwebisano e e gololesegileng. Lefatshe la Botswana gone jaana gape le buisana ka tumalano ya kgwebisano e e gololesegileng le mmaraka wa [[:en:Mercosur|Mercosur]] le Tumalano ya Tirisanommogo ya itsholelo le Kopano ya lefatshekgolo le le naleng karolo ya mafatshe la Europe jaaka karolo ya SADC.<ref>[http://www.sice.oas.org/tpd/usa_sacu/USA_SACU_e.ASP#:~:text=In%20November%202006,%20the%20United,signed%20on%2016%20July%202008. "SICE: Trade Policy Developments: United States-Southern African Customs Union (SACU])". ''www.sice.oas.org''. Retrieved 30 April 2024.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Okavango11.jpg|thumb|Pono go tswa kwa godimo ga noka e phatlallang ya Okavango]] Toropo ya Gaborone ke moamogedi wa ntlokgolo ya [[:en:Southern_African_Development_Community|Setšhaba sa Tlhabololo sa Borwa jwa Aforika]] (SADC) sa ditšhaba di le lesome le bone, e leng motlhatlhami wa Kopano ya Kgokaganyo ya Tlhabololo ya Borwa jwa Aforika (SADCC, e e tlhomilweng ka ngwaga wa 1980), e e neng e tsepamisitse maiteko a yone mo go gololeng tlhabololo ya itsholelo ya kgaolo mo go ikaegeng ka tlhaolele<ref name=":1" />. SADC e amogetse lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le le ntšhwa la puso ya batho ka batho jaaka leloko ka ngwaga wa 1994 mme e na le thomo e e anameng ya go rotloetsa kgolo, tlhabololo, le kopano ya itsholelo mo lefatsheng la Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":1" /> Melao e e laolang tsela e dilo di dirwang ka yone ya Kgwebisano ya SADC, e e neng ya thankgololwa ka la bo kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola letsatsi le le lengwe ka ngwaga wa 2000, e ikuela gore go fedisiwe dikgoreletsi tsotlhe tsa dituediso le tse e seng tsa dituediso tsa kgwebisano ka ngwaga wa 2012 mo dinageng di le lesome le bongwe tse di ikanisitseng.<ref name=":1" /> Fa e ka atlega, e tla naya dikompone tsa lefatshe la Botswana phitlhelelo e e sa duelelweng mo mmarakeng o mogolo thata wa kgaolo.<ref name=":1" /> Lefatshe la Botswana le atlegile go dira Lenaneo la Tiro la go Fedisa go [[:en:Child_labour_in_Botswana|berekisiwa ga Bana]], le le amogetsweng mo pakeng ya ngwaga wa 2006 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2007. [[:en:Free_the_Children|Golola bana]] e ne ya tlosa lefatshe la Botswana mo lenaaneng la ditšhaba tse di nang le dikago tsa go dirisa bana ka ngwaga wa 2008.<ref>[https://datadrivendetroit.org/files/2012/05/Child_Labour_report_final.pdf www.datadrivendetroit.org"] (PDF)</ref> == Lekalana la matlole == Lefatshe la Botswana le na le lephata la tsa madi le le golang, mme mmaraka wa setshaba wa lefatshe lena wa [[:en:Botswana_Stock_Exchange|Botswana Stock Exchange]] (BSE) o o kwa toropong ya Gaborone o filwe boikarabelo jwa go tsamaisa le go laola mmaraka wa dithoto le wa morokotso o o tlhomameng. E tlhomilwe semmuso ka ngwaga wa 1989, BSE e tswelela go nna botlhokwa mo tsamaisong ya matlole ya lefatshe la Botswana, mme bogolosegolo mo mmarakeng wa matlotlo, jaaka tsela e ka yone puso, puso e e tshwanang le puso le lekalana le e seng la puso di ka kokoanyang matlotlo a dikoloto le a motsemogolo wa madi a beng ba kgwebo . Le fa BSE e na le dikompone tse di kwa tlase fela ga masome a mane tse di kwadisitsweng, e amogela dikompone tse di tlhageletseng thata tse di dirang kgwebo mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Dikompone tse di emela mefuta e e farologaneng ya madirelo le kgwebo, go tswa mo ditirelong tsa Banka le tsa matlole go ya kwa go tsa Thekiso e kgolo le ya go Rekisa, Bojanala le maranyane ya Tshedimosetso.<ref>"[https://www.bse.co.bw/ Botswana Stock Exchange]". Retrieved 1 May 2024.</ref> Madi a lefatshe la Botswana, e leng [[:en:Botswana_pula|pula]], a ka fetolwa ka botlalo mme a lekanyediwa boleng kgatlhanong le seroto sa madi a a bokete jo bo kwa godimo go ya kwa [[:en:Rand_(currency)|Ranta]] ya lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":1" /> Dipoelo le dipeeletso tse di tlhamaletseng di ka busediwa kwa gae kwantle ga dithibelo go tswa kwa lefatshe la Botswana.<ref name=":1" /> Puso ya lefatshe la Botswana e ne ya fedisa ditaolo tsotlhe tsa kananyo ka ngwaga wa 1999.<ref name=":1" /> Banka ya Bogare e ne ya fokotsa boleng jwa Pula ka karolo ya bosupa ntlha ya botlhano mo lekgolong ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2004 ka maiteko a go tshegetsa kgaisano ya thomelo kwa mafatsheng a kwa ntle kgatlhanong le kanaanelo ya nnete ya Pula.<ref name=":1" /> Go nnile le phokotsego e nngwe ya boleng ya karolo ya lesome le bobedi mo lekgolong ngwaga o le mongwe moragonyana ka ngwaga wa 2005 mme melawana ya "[[:en:Crawling_peg|Crawling peg]]" e ne ya amogelwa.<ref name=":1" /> Bothata jwa Taolo ya Ditheo tsa Madi tse e seng tsa Dibanka (NBFIRA) jo bo sa tswang go tlhongwa bo na le maikarabelo a go okamela ditheo tsotlhe tsa ditirelo tsa madi tse e seng tsa dibanka mo lefatsheng. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2020, bokana ka karolo ya borobabobedi le bobedi mo lekgolong ya baagi ba lefatshe la Botswana ba ne ba kgona go bona ditirelo tsa matlole tse di tlhomameng kgotsa tse di sa tlhomamang.<ref>"[https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099113023113526062/pdf/P1790340f765cc07c0b967022a091caa813.pdf documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099113023113526062/pdf/P1790340f765cc07c0b967022a091caa813.pdf]" (PDF). p.&#x20;6.</ref> Ditirelo tsa banka ya mogala wa letheka di sa tswa go simolola go neelwa. Mo dingwageng tsa bošeng jaana puso le Banka ya Bogare di tsere dikgato tse di masisi tsa go dira gore mafaratlhatlha a tsamaiso ya dituelo ya lefatshe e nne a segompieno. Maiteko a a ne a akaretsa go tlhoma thulaganyo ya go tlhotlhora madi ka mela ya motseletsele wa ditlhaka, dinomoro kgotsa matshwao a a dirisediwang go supa kgotsa go sireletsa sengweya go ananya lokwalo lwa banka lo lo laelang banka go ntsha kgotsa go duela madi go motho kgotsa mokgatlho yo o umakilweng mo go lone le madi a maranyane mmogo le thulaganyo ya Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS), go akaretsa le kgolagano ya SWIFT.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20110727082102/http://www.mfw4a.org/botswana/botswana-financial-sector-profile.html MFW4A]". Archived from [http://www.mfw4a.org/botswana/botswana-financial-sector-profile.html the original] on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 30 November 2010.</ref> Toropo ya [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]] ke moamogedi wa ntlokgolo ya [[:en:Southern_African_Development_Community|Setšhaba sa Tlhabololo ya Borwa jwa Aforika]] (SADC) sa ditšhaba di le lesome le bone.<ref name=":1" /> Motlhatlhami wa Bokopano jwa Kgokaganyo ya Tlhabololo ya Aforika Borwa (SADCC), e e neng e tsepamisitse maiteko a yona mo go gololeng tlhabololo ya itsholelo ya kgaolo mo go ikaegeng ka tlhaolele mo lefatsheng la Aforika Borwa, SADC e ne ya amogela lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le le ntšhwa ya puso ya batho ka batho jaaka leloko ka ngwaga 1994 mme e na le thomo e e anameng ya go rotloetsa kgolo, kopano ya itsholelo mo lefatsheng la Aforika Borwa. Melao e e laolang tsela e dilo di dirwang ka yone ya Kgwebisano ya SADC, e e neng ya thankgololwa ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola letsatsi le le lengwe ka ngwaga wa 2000, e ikuela gore go fedisiwe dikgoreletsi tsotlhe tsa dituediso le tse e seng tsa dituediso tsa kgwebisano ka ngwaga wa 2012 mo mafatsheng a le lesome le bongwe tse di ikanisitseng .<ref name=":1" /> Fa e ka atlega, e tla fa dikompone tsa Botswana phitlhelelo e e sa duelelweng mo mmarakeng o mogolo thata wa kgaolo.<ref name=":1" />Setheo sa Kgaolo sa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa (RCSA), se se tsenyang tirisong Letsholo la Setheo sa Tlhabololo ya Boditšhabatšhaba sa U.S. (USAID) sa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa (ISA), le sone se na le ntlokgolo kwa toropong ya [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]].<ref name=":1" /> == Bona gape == == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} == Maranyane a mangwe == * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Botswana/Business_and_Economy/Economic_Development}}DMOZ{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Botswana/Business_and_Economy/Economic_Development}} * [http://www.trademap.org/open_access/Index.aspx?proceed=true&reporter=072 Botswana latest trade data on ITC Trade Map] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080921071451/http://mbendi.co.za/land/af/bo/p0005.htm MBendi Botswana overview] * [http://www.mining-technology.com/projects/debswana/ Debswana mine] l5nf4sgfgrmluzy14m2wid7aqkjsc6a 0 8857 52762 47755 2026-07-19T13:54:29Z MmaBaggio 11091 52762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Slumber Tsogwane|office=9th [[Vice-President of Botswana]]|image=File:Slumber Tsogwane.JPG|caption=Tsogwane in 2018|successor=[[Ndaba Gaolathe]]|president=[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]}} Slumber Tsogwane o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola masome a mabedi le bongwe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro<ref>@BWGovernment (4 April 2018). "HIS HONOUR THE VICE PRESIDENT, MR. SLUMBER TSOGWANE, MP" (Tweet) – via Twitter</ref>.E ne e le [[:en:Vice-President_of_Botswana|mothusa tautona wa lefatshe la Botswana]] le mopalamente wa kgaolo ya Boteti bophirima. Ke mongwe wa batho ba ba nang le sebaka se seleele a le mopalamenteng ya lesome le bobedi ya Botswana<ref>Motsamai, Mmoniemang (5 April 2018). "Botswana: Masisi Unveils Deputy, Cabinet". ''Botswana Daily News (Gaborone)''. Retrieved 2 May 2018.</ref>. o tsene mo pusong ka kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le mane ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi , morago ga Rre [[Mokgweetsi Masisi|Mokgwetsi Masisi]] a tsena mo pusong. Ke leloko la Botswana Democratic Party<ref>"Tsogwane leads Guma, Tshekedi in BDP race". ''www.weekendpost.co.bw''. Retrieved 2 May 2018.</ref>. == Tshimologo ya botshelo le dithutego == Slumber Tsogwane o nale digarata mo go tsa Humanities tse a di tsereng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le botlhano go tswa kwa [[University of Botswana|University of Botswana.]] O nale digarata tsa masetase mo go dithutong tsa thabololo. == Tsa mmereko == Rre Tsogwane o tseneletse polotiki a tswa mo bodireleng setshaba ko a neng a le mo laphateng la tsa thuto e le mothusa mogokgo. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa o ne a ikwadisetsa maemo a bokwaledi mo Botswana Democratic Party mme ka go tlhoka lesego a se fenye. O ne a fenya dithopho kgatlhanong le rre Gabofele Masusu mo kgaolong ya Boteti a bo a fenya ditlhopho ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe.Tsogwane o ne a tlhophiwa mo kabineteng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi, ke Festus Mogae a nna Mothusa Tona ya Ditšhelete le Thulaganyo ya Tlhabololo ka fa tlase ga Baledzi Gaolathe. O ne a ntshiwa mo Kabineteng morago ga ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone, a tsenela backbench. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, morago ga go nna mo setheong sa Boteti Bophirima, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Tona ya Puso ya Selegae le Tlhabololo ya Metsemagae ke Ian Khama. Tsogwane ke leloko la Botswana Democratic Party mme gape ke leloko la Palamente ya Boteti West Constituency. O kile a nna Tona ya Puso Selegae le Tlhabololo ya Metsemagae ya Botswana go tloga ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi. Tsogwane o ne a tsaya marapo ka kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola gane,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi jaaka Mothusa Tautona wa Botswana a tlhatlhama Mokgweetsi Masisi. 7] Ke moithuti wa sekolo se segolwane sa Mmadikolo sa Botswana. O ne a neela puo ya go bula kwa Kopanong ya Afrika ya ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone.[1] 9] == Bona gape == * [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]] * [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Ditsalo tsa 1960]] [[Karolo:Mapolotiki a Botswana Democratic Party]] [[Karolo:Bathusa tautona ba Botswana]] [[Karolo:Maloko a khuduthamaga ya Botswana]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tswang Kgaolo ya bogare ba Botswana]] [[Karolo:Dialogane tsa Unibesithi ya Botswana]] [[Karolo:Mapolotiki Botswana a dingwaga tsa dikete pedi le bongwe]] jkmws5uwjzv0hxifjp8znbnq7cj89do 0 8984 52797 32489 2026-07-20T08:59:59Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE FELELEDITSE TSEBE YA KATSE YA MAOTO A MANTSHO 52797 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Zoo Wuppertal Schwarzfusskatze.jpg|thumb|Katse ya Maoto a mantsho]] '''Katse ya maoto a mantsho''' (Felis nigripes), e gape e bidiwang '''katse e e nang le marontho a mannye''', ke katse e nnye go gaisa tsotlhe ya naga mo Aforika, e e nang le boleele jwa tlhogo le mmele jwa 35–52 cm (14–20 in). Go sa kgathalesege leina la yone, ke fela ditlhako tsa dinao tsa yone tse di ntsho kgotsa tse di borokwa jo bontsho. Ka mabala a yone a mannye a a bogale le methalo mo boboeng jwa tawny, e iphitlha sentle, segolobogolo mo masigong a a nang le ngwedi. E na le methalo e metsho e e tswang mo dikhutlong tsa matlho go bapa le marama, mme mogatla wa yone o o nang le dithapo o na le ntlha e ntsho. Katse ya ntlha ya maoto a mantsho e e itsiweng ke saense e ne ya bonwa kwa bokone jwa Karoo kwa Afrika Borwa mme ya tlhalosiwa ka 1824. E fitlhelwa thata mo dithabeng tse di omeletseng le mo dithabeng tsa bojang tsa Afrika Borwa. E kwadilwe kwa borwa jwa Botswana, mme ke direkoto di le mmalwa fela tse di boammaaruri tse di leng teng kwa Namibia, kwa borwa jwa Angola le kwa borwa jwa Zimbabwe. Ka ntlha ya go anamisiwa ga yona go go lekanyeditsweng, e kwadilwe jaaka mofuta o o kotsi mo Lenaaneng le Lehibidu la IUCN fa e sale ka 2002. Go belaelwa gore palo ya yona e a fokotsega ka ntlha ya go tsomiwa ga mefuta ya diphologolo tse di bolawang go jewa ke batho jaaka nama ya sekgwa, pogiso, dikotsi tsa pharakano, le go jewa ke dintša tse di disang. Katse e e maoto a mantsho e ntse e ithutiwa ka go dirisa radio telemetry fa e sa le ka 1993. Patlisiso eno e ne ya dira gore go kgonege go ela tlhoko ka tlhamalalo boitshwaro jwa yone mo lefelong la yone la tlholego. Gantsi e ikhutsa mo mesimeng motshegare mme e tsome bosigo. E tsamaya magareng ga 5 le 16 km (3 le 10 mi) ka palogare e batla dipeba tse dinnye le dinonyane. E ja ditshedi tse di farologaneng tse di nang le lerapo la mokwatla di le 40 mme e bolaya diphologolo tse dinnye di ka nna 14 bosigo bongwe le bongwe. E kgona go tshwara dinonyane fa di fofa, e tlolela kwa bogodimong jwa 1.4 m (5 ft), mme gape e tlhasela diamusi le dinonyane tse di bokete thata go e feta. E namagadi gantsi e tsala dikatse tse pedi ka nako ya selemo sa Southern Hemisphere magareng ga Diphalane le Mopitlwe. Di kgwesiwa fa di le dikgwedi di le pedi mme di kgona go ikemela ka nosi morago ga dikgwedi di le nne tsa dingwaga tsa bosheng. == Thulaganyo ya ditshedi le thuto ya ditshedi == Leina la saense la Felis nigripes le ne la dirisiwa ke motlhotlhomisi wa Moborithane William John Burchell ka 1824 fa a ne a tlhalosa mofuta ono go ikaegilwe ka matlalo a dikatse tse dinnye, tse di marontho tse a neng a kopana le tsone gaufi le Litákun (e jaanong e itsiweng jaaka Dithakong), mo Aforika Borwa.[2] Felis (Microfelis) nigripes thomasi e ne ya tshitshinngwa jaaka mofutapotlana ke moithuta-maamusi wa Aforikaborwa Guy C. Shortridge ka 1931, yo o neng a tlhalosa matlalo a dikatse tsa maoto a mantsho a a neng a kokoantswe kwa Griqualand Bophirima a a neng a le mantsho go feta a mofutapotlana o o tlhophilweng.[3] Fa moithutadiphologolo wa Borithane Reginald Innes Pocock a ne a sekaseka matlalo a dikatse mo kokoanyong ya Musiamo wa Hisitori ya Tlhago, kwa Lontone, o ne a tlhomamisa gore katse e e maoto a mantsho ke mofuta wa Felis.[4] Boammaaruri jwa mofutapotlana bo ne bo belaediwa ka gonne ga go na dikgoreletsi tsa thutafatshe tse di tsamaelanang le dipharologano tse di lemogilweng tse di leng teng fa gare ga dipalopalo.[5] Ka 2017, Setlhopha sa Baitseanape ba Dikatse sa IUCN se ne sa tlhabolola thulaganyo ya dikatse tsa felid mme sa lemoga gore katse ya maoto a mantsho e ka tswa e le mofuta o o nang le mofuta o le mongwe fela.[6] === Faelojene le thutotlhagelelo === Tshekatsheko ya phylogenetic ya DNA ya nyutlelia go tswa mo mefuteng yotlhe ya Felidae e senotse gore marang a tsona a thutotlhagelelo a simolotse kwa Asia ka Miocene mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le dimilione di le 14.45 go ya go di le 8.38 tse di fetileng.[7][8] Tshekatsheko ya DNA ya mitochondrial ya mefuta yotlhe ya Felidae e supa gore e ne ya phatsima dingwaga di ka nna dimilione di le 16.76 go ya go di le 6.46 tse di fetileng.[9] Katse ya maoto a mantsho ke karolo ya losika lwa thutotlhagelelo lo go fopholediwang gore lo fapogile ka lotsalo go tswa mo mogologolwaneng yo o tshwanang wa mefuta yotlhe ya Felis dingwaga di ka nna dimilione di le 4.44 go ya go di le 2.16 tse di fetileng, go ikaegilwe ka tshekatsheko ya DNA ya tsona ya nyutlea.[7][8] Tshekatsheko ya DNA ya bona ya mitochondrial e supa pharologano ya dijini tsa mefuta ya Felis dingwaga di ka nna dimilione di le 6.52 go ya go di le 1.03 tse di fetileng.[9] Dikai ka bobedi di dumalana ka katse ya sekgwa (F. chaus) e le mofuta wa ntlha wa Felis o o neng wa fapoga, mme wa latelwa ke katse ya maoto a mantsho.[7][9] Masalela a masaledi a katse ya maoto a mantsho ga a ise a bonwe.[8] E ka tswa e ne ya fudugela kwa Aforika ka nako ya Pleistocene.[7] Go fuduga gono go ka tswa go ne ga tlhofofadiwa ke dipaka tse ditelele tsa maemo a a kwa tlase a lewatle fa gare ga Asia le Aforika.[9] Cladogram e e latelang e bontsha dikamano tsa phylogenetic tsa katse ya maoto a mantsho jaaka di bonwe ka tshekatsheko ya DNA ya nyutlea:[7][8] == Dipharologantsho == [[Setshwantsho:Black Footed Cat.jpg|thumb|Katse e e maoto a mantsho kwa Dirapeng tsa Diphologolo tsa Cincinnati]] [[Setshwantsho:BlackFootedCat57.jpg|thumb|Mmele wa yona o apesitswe ke matheba a lefifi le methalo.]] Katse e e maoto a mantsho e na le boboa jwa tawny jo bo khurumeditsweng gotlhelele ka mabala a mantsho. Tlhogo ya yone e ntsho go feta mmele otlhe mme e le mosetlha fa godimo ga matlho. Ditedu tsa yone di tshweu, mme ditsebe tsa yone di na le meriri e e borokwa jo bontsho jo bo tlhotlhoregang. Mo molaleng le mo mokwatleng, mabala mangwe a lelefaditswe go nna methalo. Mabala a bopa methalo e e kgabaganyang mo magetleng. Maoto a kwa pele le a kwa morago a na le methalo e e sa tlhomamang. Mogatla wa yone o na le marontho a a tlhakaneng tlhogo. Dikarolo tse di kwa tlase tsa maoto di ntsho kgotsa borokwa jo bontsho.[2][10] Dipalamonwana tsa mometso di bopa di-semi-circle tse dintsho tse di farologaneng ka mmala go tswa go borokwa jo bo fifetseng go ya go rufous e e bosetlha mme di na le dintlha tse di tshesane ka rufous. Dingwe di na le mpa e tshweu e e phepa e e nang le mmala wa tawny fa e kopanang le mmala wa tawny wa matlhakore.[11] Ditsebe, matlho le molomo di na le mmala o mosweu o o bosetlha.[12] Methalo e mebedi e mentsho e tswa mo dikhutlong tsa matlho go kgabaganya marama. Ditho di farologana ka mmala wa lemorago go tswa go motlhaba le ochre e e bosetlha go ya go ochre e e fifetseng.[13] Mo karolong e e kwa bokone ya lefelo la yona, e botlhofo go feta mo karolong e e kwa borwa, kwa mabala a yona le dithapo di tlhalosiwang sentle. Dipalamonwana tse tharo tse di mo kgokgotsong di borokwa jo bohibidu go ya go bontsho, mme palamonwana ya boraro e thubegile mo bathong bangwe.[4][10] Dithapo tse dintsho di sephara mo maotong a a kwa godimo mme di nna ditshesane go ya kwa maroong. Meriri e meleele ya balebedi ya 25 goya go 30 mm (1.0 go ya go 1.2 in) e bosetlha kwa botlaseng mme e na le dintlha tse ditshweu kgotsa tse dintsho. Boya jo bo ka fa tlase bo kitlane ka moriri o mokhutshwane le o o makhubu.[10] Boboa bo nna bokima le go nna boleele ka nako ya mariga.[12] Dipupil tsa matlho di ngotlega go nna phatlha e e emeng, jaaka mo mefuteng yotlhe ya Felis.[4] Di botala jo bo botlhofo go ya go bosetlha jo bontsho.[12] Katse ya maoto a mantsho ke mofuta o monnye go gaisa wa dikatse mo Aforika.[13][10][14][15] Dinamagadi di lekanya 33.7–36.8 cm (13.3–14.5 in) ka boleele jwa tlhogo le mmele ka mogatla o moleele wa 15.7 go ya go 17 cm (6.2 go ya go 6.7 in). Ditona di magareng ga 42.5 le 50 cm (16.7 le 19.7 in) ka mogatla o moleele wa 15-20 cm (6-8 in). Mogatla wa yone o o mosesane o ka nna halofo ya boleele jwa tlhogo le mmele.[13] Legata la yona le lekhutshwane e bile le le kgolokwe ka boleele jwa motheo jwa 77-87 mm (3.0-3.4 in) le bophara jwa 38-40 mm (1.5-1.6 in). Mosele wa tsebe le diphatlha tsa ditsebe di dikgolo go feta mo mefuteng e mentsi ya Felis. Meno a marama a boleele jwa dimilimitara di le 22–23 (0.87–0.91 in) mme meno a a kwa godimo a boleele jwa dimilimitara di le 10 (0.4 in).[4] E na le ditsebe tse dinnye tse di motsu tse di simololang ka 45 go ya go 50 mm (1.8 go ya go 2.0 in) mo go tse di namagadi le 46 go ya go 57 mm (1.8 go ya go 2.2 in) mo go tse ditonanyana. Leoto la morago la dinamagadi le lekanya bogolo jwa 95 mm (3.7 in) mme la banna bogolo jwa 105 mm (4.1 in).[11][10] Boleele jwa magetla a yone bo kwa tlase ga 25 cm (9.8 in).[16] Dinamagadi di bokete jwa dikilogerama di le 1.1–1.65 (2.4–3.6 lb) mme tse ditonanyana di bokete jwa dikilogerama di le 1.6–2.45 (3.5–5.4 lb).[17][12] Katse ya naga ya Aforika (Felis lybica) e batla e le bogolo jo bo menaganeng gararo go feta katse ya maoto a mantsho, e na le maoto a maleele, mogatla o moleele le bontsi jwa boboa jo bo bosetlha jo bo tlwaelegileng jo bo nang le matshwao a a sa bonaleng thata. Serval (Leptailurus serval) e tshwana le katse ya maoto a mantsho ka mmala wa kobo le paterone, fela e na le ditsebe tse dikgolo ka go lekana, maoto a maleele le mogatla o moleele.[18] == Phatlalatso le bonno == Katse ya maoto a mantsho e fitlhelwa mo Borwa jwa Aforika; go anamisiwa ga yone go lekanyeditswe thata go feta dikatse tse dingwe tse dinnye mo kgaolong eno.[19] Mothalo wa yona o simolola kwa Aforika Borwa go ya kwa bokone go tsena kwa borwa jwa Botswana, kwa e kwadilweng teng kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1960.[11] E kwadilwe gape kwa Namibia, kwa borwa jo bo feteletseng jwa Angola le kwa borwa jwa Zimbabwe. Ga go kgonagale gore e ka diragala kwa Lesotho le kwa Eswatini.[1] E nna mo di-savanna tse di bulegileng, tse di omileng le mo ditlhatshana tse di omileng go sekae kwa Karoo le kwa borwabophirima jwa Kalahari ka bojang jo bokhutshwane, khurumetso e e kwa tlase ya ditlhatshana, le ditlhopha tse di gasameng tsa ditlhatshana tse di kwa tlase le bojang jo bo kwa godimo.[11] Palogare ya pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga mo kgaolong e e simolola ka 100 go ya go 500 mm (3.9 go ya go 19.7 in).[10][12] Mo kgaolong ya Drakensberg, e ne ya kwalwa kwa bogodimong jwa dimetara di le 2 000 (maoto a le 6 600).[10] == Boitshwaro le ikholoji == [[Setshwantsho:Black-footed cat, Zoo Wuppertal, July 2009.jpg|thumb|Katse e e godileng ya maoto a mantsho e ikhuditse]] [[Setshwantsho:Suspicious Black-Footed Cat.jpg|thumb|Katse e e maoto a mantsho e e khurumeditsweng]] Katse ya maoto a mantsho e nna bosigo mme gantsi e nna e le nosi, ntle le fa tse di namagadi di tlhokomela dikatse tse di ikaegileng ka tsone.[11][17] E fetsa letsatsi e ikhutsa mo dithoteng tsa dintlhwa tse di nang le dikhuti le khurumetso e e kitlaneng mo mesimang e e sa nniweng ya ditshenekegi tsa Aforika Borwa (Pedetes capensis), ditshenekegi (Orycteropus afer), le dikolobe tsa kwa Kapa (Hystrix africaeaustralis). E epa ka maatla go atolosa kgotsa go fetola mesima eno gore e nne le tshireletso. Fa letsatsi le sena go phirima, e tlhagelela go ya go tsoma.[5] E batla botshabelo fa e kgorelediwa go sekae fela mme gantsi e dirisa dithota tsa dintlhwa go ikhurumetsa kgotsa go tsala bana ba yone. Fa e tsenngwa mo sekhutlong, e a iphemela ka bogale. Ka ntlha ya mokgwa o le bopelokgale jwa yona, e bidiwa miershooptier mo dikarolong tsa Karoo ya Aforika Borwa, e e kayang ‘nkwe ya tshoswane’. Tlhamane nngwe ya Ba-San e bolela gore katse e e maoto a mantsho e ka bolaya thutlwa ka go phunya molala wa yone. Go feteletsa dilo gono go ikaeletse go gatelela bopelokgale le go tlhomama ga yone.[20] Go farologana le dikatse tse dingwe tse dintsi, ga e kgone go palama ditlhare sentle, ka mmele wa yone o o nonofileng le mogatla o mokhutshwane go akanngwa gore ga di a siama go palama ditlhare.[21] Le fa go ntse jalo, katse e le nngwe ya maoto a mantsho e ne ya lemogiwa mme ya tsewa senepe e ikhutsitse mo dikaleng tse di kwa tlase tsa setlhare sa kamela (Vachellia erioloba).[22] E namagadi e tsamayatsamaya mo lefelong le le magareng la legae la 6.23–15.53 km2 (2.41–6.00 sq mi) ka ngwaga, mme e tona e e nnang mo lefelong la 19.44–23.61 km2 (7.51–9.12 sq mi). Mothalo wa e tona e e godileng o kopana le mefuta ya namagadi e le nngwe go ya go tse nne. E dirisa go tshwaya monko mo setlhopheng sotlhe sa yone.[17] Dinamagadi tse di amogelang di ne tsa lemogwa di gasa moroto go fitlha go makgetlo a le 41 mo karolong e e boleele jwa 685 m (2,250 ft). Ba ne ba sa gasetse thata ka nako ya boimana.[23] Mefuta e mengwe ya go tshwaya monko e akaretsa go itlotsa dilo, go tlhotlhora ka manala le go baya mantle mo mafelong a a bonalang. Medumo ya yone e kwa godimo go feta ya dikatse tse dingwe tse di lekanang le yone, go akanngwa gore e dira gore medumo e utlwiwe mo dikgaolong tse dikgolo. Le fa go ntse jalo, fa di le gaufi le tse dingwe, di dirisa di- purr kgotsa di- gurgle tse di didimetseng; fa e tshosediwa, e a tlhotlhora le go rora.[17] Bagolo ba tsamaya ka palogare ya dikilometara di le 8.42 ± 2.09 (5.23 ± 1.30 mi) ka bosigo go batla diphologotswana.[24] Go thata go e sekaseka ka ntlha ya go bo e le sephiri thata; mo godimo ga moo, e na le go tsamaya ka bonako e sa dirise ditsela kgotsa ditselana jaaka dikatse tse dingwe. Mo Aforika Borwa, kitlano ya 0.17/km2 (0.44/sekwere sa miele) e ne ya fopholediwa kwa Benfontein gaufi le Kimberley ka 1998 go ya go 1999, e e neng ya wela go 0.08/km2 (0.2/sekwere sa miele) ka 2005 go ya go 2014. batho ka bongwe ka 2009 go fitlha ka 2014 e ne e le 0.06/km2 (0.16/sq mi). Tseno e ka tswa e ne e le kitlano e e kwa godimo e e sa tlwaelegang, ka ge mafelo ka bobedi a na le maemo a bosa a a siameng le a taolo, fa palo ya batho ba ba mo mafelong a a sa siamang e ka nna gaufi le 0.03/km2 (0.08/sq mi).[1] == Go tsoma le dijo == [[Setshwantsho:Wuppertal - Zoo - Felis nigripes 01 ies.jpg|thumb|Katse e e tshwerweng ya maoto a mantsho e e nang le peba]] Katse ya maoto a mantsho e tsoma bosigo go sa kgathalesege maemo a bosa, ka dithemphoritšhara go tswa go −10 go ya go 35 °C (14 go ya go 95 °F). E tlhasela phofu ya yona go tswa kwa morago, e baya maoto a yona a a kwa pele mo matlhakoreng a yona mme e ground phofu e dirisa manala a yona a monyo. E dirisa ditsela tse tharo tse di farologaneng tsa go tsoma: "go tsoma ka bonako", "go tsoma ka bonya", le go tsoma ga "nna o eme". Mo tsomong e e bonako, e tsamaya ka lobelo lwa 2 goya go 3 km/h (1.2 go ya go 1.9 mph) mme e leleka diphologolo go tswa mo khurumelong ya dimela. Ka nako ya go tsoma ka bonya, e latela phofu ka lobelo lwa 0.5 go ya go 0.8 km/h (0.3 go ya go 0.5 mph), e dikologa ka kelotlhoko mo bojannyeng le go tlhola tikologo ya yone ka kelotlhoko fa e ntse e retolola tlhogo ya yone go ya kwa letlhakoreng le lengwe.[5] E tsamaya magareng ga 5 le 16 km (3 le 10 mi) ka palogare e batla dipeba tse dinnye le dinonyane, bontsi jwa tsone di tsamaya ka didiko tse dinnye le go zig-zag mo gare ga ditlhatshana le dithota tsa dintlhwa.[25] Mo tsomong ya "dula o lete", e leta phofu e sa tshikinyege fa pele ga lefelo la dipeba, ka dinako dingwe e tswetse matlho. Ditsebe tsa yone di nna di tsamaya, mme e bula matlho fela fa e utlwa modumo.[5] Ka ntlha ya bogolo jwa yona jo bonnye, katse ya maoto a mantsho e tsoma thata diphologolo tse dinnye jaaka dipeba le dinonyane tse dinnye, fela gape e tsoma mo Cape hare (Lepus capensis), ka e le bokete go feta yona. Tlhokego ya yona ya maatla e kwa godimo thata, ka bokana ka 250 go ya go 300 g (9 go ya go 11 oz) ya diphologolo tse di jewang bosigo bongwe le bongwe, e leng mo e ka nnang nngwetharong ya bokete jwa mmele wa yona jo bo magareng.[26] E kgona go kgotsofatsa ditlhokego tsa yona tsa metsi tsa letsatsi le letsatsi ka phofu ya yona, fela e nwa metsi fa a le teng.[12] Dikatse tsa maoto a mantsho di lemogilwe go leka go tshwara ditshedi tse di nang le lerapo la mokwatla di le 10 mo diureng di le tlhano tsa go tsoma, ka palogare ya maiteko a le marataro a a atlegileng.[5] Ka 1993, katse e namagadi le e tonanyana e e maoto a mantsho e ne ya latelwa diura di le 622 mme ya ela tlhoko fa e tsoma. Ba ne ba tshwara ditshedi tse di nang le lerapo la mokwatla metsotso mengwe le mengwe e le 50 mme ba bolaya diphologolo tse dinnye di ka nna 14 mo bosigong bo le bongwe. Di ne di bolaya di- shrew le dipeba ka go di loma mo molaleng kgotsa mo tlhogong mme di di ja gotlhelele. Ba ne ba latela dinonyane ka tidimalo, ba latelwa ke go lelekisa ka bonako le go tlolela kwa bogodimong jwa 1.4 m (4 ft 7 in) le go feta sekgala sa 2 m (6 ft 7 in), gape ba tshwara dingwe mo moweng. Ba ne ba di gogela kwa tlase fa fatshe mme ba ja dinonyane tse dinnye tse di tshwanang le nonyane ya kwa Kapa (Mirafra apiata) le nonyane ya direthe tsa dintlhana (Chersomanes albofasciata) kwa ntle ga go kgetla. Ba ne ba kgetla dinonyane tse dikgolo jaaka korhaan e ntsho ya bokone (Afrotis afraoides), ba ja diura di le mmalwa, ba fitlha masalela mo dikhuting mme ba a khurumetsa ka motlhaba.[25] Dikonyana tse di sa tswang go tsalwa tsa springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) di nna di iphitlhile ka tidimalo mo lehuting kgotsa ka fa tlase ga sekgwa malatsi a le mmalwa a ntlha a matshelo a tsona.[27] E tonanyana e ne ya thula kwanyana e e neng e ikhutsitse mo bojannyeng, mme ya tlogela go tsoma morago ga gore kwanyana e eme ka dinao. Moragonyana e ne ya tlhotlhora setopo sa nku e e neng e sa tswa go swa e e neng e le bokete jwa dikilogerama di ka nna 3 (6.6 lb). E ne e ja nama e e ka nnang 120 g (0.26 lb) mo go nngwe le nngwe ya ditlhaselo di le mmalwa tsa go ja, e simolola kwa diropeng, e dira tsela ya yone go tswa kwa tlase ga mokwatla go feta mo matlhakoreng go ya kwa molaleng; moragonyana e ne ya bula sehuba mme ya ja dirwe tse di kafa teng. Ditshenekegi tse di jaaka dintlhwa tsa barobi, ditsie le diboko di ne di dira bokana ka 2% ya bontsi jwa diphologolo tse di jewang.[25] Ka kakaretso go ne ga supiwa mefuta e le 54 ya diphofu tsa katse e e maoto a mantsho, mme peba ya gerbil (Malacothrix typica) e ne e le nngwe ya diphofu tsa yone tse di botlhokwa thata. Palogare ya diphologotswana tsa yona e bokete jwa 24.1 g (0.85 oz) ka diamusi tse dinnye tse di bopang setlhopha sa diphologolo tse di botlhokwa thata, e latelwa ke diamusi tse dikgolo tse di bokete jwa go feta 100 g (3.5 oz) le dinonyane tse dinnye.[28] == Tsalo == Mo botshwarong, dikatse tse ditonanyana tsa maoto a mantsho di gola ka thobalano fa di le dikgwedi di le robongwe, mme tse di namagadi fa di le dikgwedi di le supa.[5] Oestrus ya tsona e tsaya diura di ka nna 36, ​​mme boimana bo tsaya malatsi a le 63 go ya go 68.[29] E namagadi e tsala go fitlha go di-litter di le pedi ka ngwaga ka nako ya selemo sa Southern Hemisphere magareng ga Diphalane le Mopitlwe. Bogolo jwa matlakala gantsi ke katse e le nngwe kgotsa di le pedi, mo mabakeng a a sa tlwaelegang gape le dikatse di le nne.[5] Dikatse tsa naga tse di namagadi tsa maoto a mantsho tse di neng tsa lemogiwa kwa nageng di ne di amogela go nyalana diura di le tlhano go ya go di le lesome fela, mme seno se ne se tlhoka gore tse ditonanyana di di bone ka bonako. Tse ditonanyana di lwela go fitlhelela tse di namagadi. Go tlhakanela dikobo go diragala mo e ka nnang metsotso mengwe le mengwe e le masome a mabedi go ya go e le masome a matlhano.[17] Dikatse di bokete jwa 60 go ya go 93 g (2.1 go ya go 3.3 oz) fa di tsalwa; di tsholwa di foufetse e bile di sa kgone go dira sepe, le fa gone di kgona go gagaba morago ga diura di le mmalwa fela. Matlho a tsona a bulega ka malatsi a le mararo go ya go a le lesome, mme meno a tsona a a tlhotlhoregang a thubega fa di le dibeke di le pedi go ya go di le tharo. Mo kgweding e le nngwe, di tsaya dijo tse di tiileng, mme di kgwesiwa fa di le dikgwedi di le pedi. Meno a tsone a leruri a thunya fa di le malatsi a le 148 go ya go a le 158.[5] Dinamagadi tse di tshwerweng di ne tsa lemogiwa di leka go sutisetsa dikatse tsa tsone kwa lefelong le lesha la go iphitlha malatsi mangwe le mangwe a le marataro go ya go a le lesome morago ga beke ya go tsalwa ga tsone, kgapetsakgapetsa thata go feta dikatse tse dingwe tse dinnye. Di kgona go tsamaya mo dibekeng tse pedi mme di simolole go palama fa di le dibeke di le tharo.[29] Kwa nageng, dikatsenyana di tsalelwa mo dikhuting tsa springhare tsa Aforika Borwa kgotsa mo dithoteng tsa dintlhwa tse di khuti. Go tloga fa di na le malatsi a le manè go ya pele, mmè o tlogela dikatse tsa gagwe di le tsosi go fitlha go diura di le 10 masigo. Fa di na le dibeke di le thataro, di kgona go tsamaya ka bonako mme di tswa mo lesageng kgapetsakgapetsa. Dikatsenyana le tse dinnye tse di ikemetseng di mo kotsing ya go nna diphologolo tse dingwe tse di jang nama jaaka phokoje e e nang le mokwatla o montsho (Canis mesomelas), diphokoje tse di nang le mokwatla o montsho (Caracal caracal) le diphokoje tse di jang nama tsa bosigo.[30] Di kgona go ikemela ka nosi morago ga dikgwedi di le tharo go ya go di le nne mme di na le tlwaelo ya go nna mo lefelong la legae la ga mmaatsone. Dikatse tse di nang le maoto a mantsho tse di tshwerweng di ka tshela dingwaga di le 15 le dikgwedi di le tharo.[12] == Malwetse == Dikatse tse di tshwerweng le tse di tsamayang ka kgololesego tse di nang le maoto a mantsho ka bobedi di bontsha go anama go go kwa godimo ga AA amyloidosis, e e bakang dithulaganyo tsa go ruruga tse di sa foleng mme gantsi e felela ka go palelwa ke go dira ga diphilo le loso.[5][31] Dikatse tsa naga tse di nang le maoto a mantsho di ka tshelanwa bonolo ke malwetse a a tshelanwang go tswa mo dintšeng tsa mo gae le dikatse.[32] == Matshosetsi == Matshosetsi a a itsegeng a akaretsa mekgwa ya taolo ya diphologolo tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe ka go sa tlhaole, jaaka go tsenngwa botlhole ka phepiso le dirai tsa steel-jaw, tshenyo ya bonno go tswa mo go fuleng go feta selekanyo, go fokotsega ga palo ya di-springhare tsa Aforika Borwa, go ja diphologolo tse dingwe mo teng ga setlhopha, malwetse, le mekgwa e e sa tshwanelang ya temothuo. Dikatse di le mmalwa tse di nang le maoto a mantsho di bolailwe ke dintša tse di disang. Bontsi jwa mafelo a a sireleditsweng a ka nna mannye thata go ka somarela ka mo go lekaneng ditlhophapotlana tse di ka tshelang.[1] == Tshomarelo == Katse ya maoto a mantsho e kwadilwe mo lenaaneng la Mametlelelo I la CITES mme e sireleditswe mo bontsing jwa lefelo la yone go akaretsa le Botswana le Aforika Borwa, kwa go tsomiwang go leng kgatlhanong le molao gone.[1] === Patlisiso ya tshimo === Setlhopha sa Tiro sa Dikatse tsa Maoto a Mantsho se dira porojeke ya patlisiso kwa Lefelong la Tlhago la Benfontein le kwa Polasing ya Nuwejaarsfontein gaufi le Kimberley, Kapa Bokone.[33] Ka Ngwanatsele 2012, porojeke e e ne ya atolosediwa kwa Polaseng ya Biesiesfontein e e mo kgaolong ya Victoria Bophirima.[34] Magareng ga 1992 le 2018, dikatse di le 65 tsa maoto a mantsho di ne tsa tsenngwa dikholara tsa radio mme tsa latelwa ka nako e telele go tokafatsa go tlhaloganya ka ga thulaganyo ya tsona ya loago, bogolo le tiriso ya mefuta ya tsona ya magae, maitsholo a go tsoma le popego ya dijo tsa tsona.[35] Dirai tsa dikhamera di dirisiwa go ela tlhoko maitsholo a dikatse tse di nang le maoto a mantsho tse di nang le kholara ya radio le tirisanommogo ya tsone le diphiri tsa tlhogo (Proteles cristatus).[36] === Mo botshwarong === Serapa sa Diphologolo sa Wuppertal se ne sa bona dikatse tsa maoto a mantsho ka 1957, mme sa atlega go di tsadisa ka 1963. Ka 1993, go ne ga tlhamiwa Thulaganyo ya Mefuta ya Ditshedi e e Kotsing ya go Nyelela ya Yuropa go gokaganya gore ke diphologolo dife tse di tshwanelang go kopanngwa go boloka mefutafuta ya dijini le go tila go tsadisana. Buka ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Katse ya Maoto a Mantsho e ne e beilwe kwa Serapeng sa Diphologolo sa Wuppertal kwa Jeremane.[37] Go tloga ka Phukwi 2011, go ne go na le direkoto tse di tletseng tsa palogotlhe ya dikatse di le 726 tse di tshwerweng fa e sale ka 1964; lefatshe ka bophara, batho ba le 74 ba ne ba bewa mo ditheong di le 23 kwa Jeremane, United Arab Emirates, US, UK, le Aforika Borwa.[38] Dirapa tsa diphologolo di le mmalwa di begile katlego ya go tsala, go akaretsa le Dirapa tsa Diphologolo tsa Cleveland, [39] Dirapa tsa Diphologolo tsa Fresno,[40] Dirapa tsa Diphologolo tsa Brookfield,[41] le Dirapa tsa Diphologolo tsa Philadelphia.[42] Setheo sa Tlhago sa Audubon sa Patlisiso ka Mefuta e e mo Kotsing ya go Nyelela se dira ka dijini tse di gatetseng pele tse di akaretsang dikatse.[43] Ka Tlhakole 2011, namagadi e e neng e bolokilwe koo e ne ya tsala dikatse tse pedi tse ditonanyana – dikatse tsa ntlha tsa maoto a mantsho tse di neng tsa tsalwa ka ntlha ya go nontshiwa ga in vitro go dirisiwa peo ya bonna e e gatseditsweng le e e gakolositsweng le di-embryo tse di gatseditsweng le tse di gakolositsweng. Ka 2003, peo ya bonna e ne ya tsewa mo go e tona mme morago ga moo ya gatsediwa. E ne ya dirisiwa go nontsha lee ka 2005, go tlhama di-embryo tse di neng tsa gakololwa mme tsa fetisediwa kwa namagading e e emelang ka Sedimonthole 2010. Namagadi e ne ya rwala di-embryo go fitlha kwa nakong mme ya tsala dikatse tse pedi.[44] Setheo sone se begile gore ka la bo 6 Tlhakole 2012, katsenyana ya katse e e namagadi ya maoto a mantsho, Crystal, e ne ya tsholwa ke moemedi wa katse ya mo gae morago ga go fetisiwa ga lesea le le mo mefuteng e e farologaneng.[45] == Metswedi == go3ebw9nlndfk4neafxfp2k02hy77nb 0 8985 52796 37198 2026-07-20T08:39:46Z MmaBaggio 11091 52796 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Tragelaphus eurycerus -Marwell Wildlife, Hampshire, England-8a.jpg|thumb|Western/lowland bongo kwa Marwell Zoo kwa Hampshire, England]] Bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus) ke kgama e kgolo, e e tsamayang bosigo, e e nnang mo sekgweng, e e tlholegang kwa borwa jwa Sahara mo Afrika. Di-bongos di na le letlalo le le kgatlhisang la mmala o o bohibidu jo bo borokwa, matshwao a mantsho le a masweu, methalo e mesweu le e e serolwana le dinaka tse ditelele tse di kgolokwe.Ke yone fela tragelaphid e bong ka bobedi bo nang le dinaka.Di-bongos di na le tirisanommogo e e raraaneng mme di fitlhelwa mo dikgweng tse di kitlaneng tsa Afrika.Ke dikgama tsa boraro ka bogolo mo lefatsheng. Bongo ya bophirima kgotsa ya naga e e kwa tlase, T. e. eurycerus, e lebane le go fokotsega ga palo ya baagi, mme IUCN Antelope Specialist Group e e tsaya e le gaufi le go nyelela mo selekanyong sa maemo a tshomarelo. [[Setshwantsho:Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaciPCCA20071227-8374B.jpg|thumb|Bongo e nwa metsi]] Bongo ya botlhaba kgotsa ya dithaba, T. e. isaaci, ya Kenya, e na le letlalo le le bogale go feta la T. e. eurycerus Bongo ya dithaba e fitlhelwa fela kwa sekgweng mo dikgaolong di le mmalwa tsa dithaba tsa bogare jwa Kenya. [[Setshwantsho:Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci.jpg|thumb|Bongo ]] Bongo eno e tsewa ke IUCN Antelope Specialist Group jaaka e e mo kotsing ya go nyelela, e na le batho ba le mmalwa mo sekgweng go feta ba ba tswaletsweng (kwa e tsalang ka bonako teng).Ka ngwaga wa 2000, Ba lephata la diphologolo ba Amerika (AZA) e ne ya tokafatsa bongo go nna motshameki wa Species Survival Plan mme ka ngwaga wa 2006 e ne ya oketsa ka Bongo Restoration to Mount Kenya Project mo lenaaneng la mafatshe a boroba bongwe a a eteletseng bojanala pele.Le fa go ntse jalo, ka 2013, go bonala, diphitlhelelo tseno di ile tsa kgorelediwa ke dipego tsa gore go ka tswa go setse di-bongos tsa dithaba di le 100 fela mo sekgweng ka ntlha ya go rengwa ga ditlhare le go tsoma ka bokhukhuntshwane. == Tebego == Di-Bongo ke nngwe ya di-antelope tse ditona thata tsa sekgwa. Mo godimo ga mmala o o tseneletseng wa chestnut wa diaparo tsa tsone, di na le methalo e mesweu e e phatsimang mo matlhakoreng a tsone go thusa ka go iphitlha. Bagolo ba bong ka bobedi ba tshwana ka bogolo. Boleele jwa bagolo bo ka nna 1.1 go ya go 1.3 m (3.6 go ya go 4.3 ft) kwa legetleng mme boleele ke 2.15 go ya go 3.15 m (7.1 go ya go 10.3 ft), go akaretsa le mogatla wa 45–65 cm (18–26 in). Dinamagadi di bokete jo bo ka nnang dikilogerama di le 150-235 (331-518 lb), fa tse ditonanyana di le bokete jo bo ka nnang dikilogerama di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi go ya go makgolo a mane ke botlhano (485-893 lb). Bogolo jwa yona jo bogolo bo e baya jaaka ya boraro ka bogolo mo morafeng wa Bovidae wa Strepsicerotini, kwa morago ga eland e e tlwaelegileng le e kgolo ka dikilogerama di ka nna makgolo a mararo (660 lb), le kwa godimo ga kudu e kgolo ka dikilogerama di ka nna masome a mane (88 lb).[9][10] Bong ka bobedi bo na le dinaka tse di bokete tse di tshekeletsa; tse tsa monna di telele e bile di le bogolo jo bogolo. Di- bongo tsotlhe tse di mo botshwarong di tswa kwa Dithabeng tsa Aberdare tse di kgakala kwa bogareng jwa Kenya. == Letlalo le Mmele == [[Setshwantsho:BongoNEW.jpg|thumb|Pono ya sefatlhego sa bongo ya botlhaba]] [[Setshwantsho:Bongo skeleton at MAV-USP.jpg|thumb|Lerapo la bongo le le bontshitsweng kwa Musiamong wa Thulaganyo ya Diphologolo FMVZ USP, Legoro la Kalafi ya Diphologolo le Saense ya Diphologolo, kwa Yunibesithing ya São Paulo]] Bongo e na le kobo e e phatsimang ya auburn kgotsa chestnut, ka molala, sehuba le maoto ka kakaretso a le mantsho go feta mmele otlhe, segolobogolo mo go tse ditonanyana. Dikobo tsa di-bongo tse ditonanyana di nna lefifi fa di ntse di tsofala go fitlha di fitlha kwa mmala o o fifetseng wa mahogany-borokwa. Dikobo tsa di- bongo tse di namagadi gantsi di na le mmala o o phatsimang go feta tsa tse ditonanyana. Bongo ya botlhaba e mmala o o fifetseng go feta ya bophirima, mme seno se bonala thata mo go tse ditonanyana tse di godileng tse di nang le tlwaelo ya go nna borokwa jwa chestnut, bogolosegolo mo karolong e e kwa pele ya mebele ya tsona. Kobo e boreledi e tshwailwe ka mradi e e emeng e le lesome goya ko go e le lasome le botlhano e e tshweu-serolwana, e e anameng go bapa le mokwatla go tswa kwa botlaseng jwa molala go ya kwa mokwatleng. Palo ya methalo mo letlhakoreng lengwe le lengwe ga se gantsi e tshwanang. Gape e na le moriri o mokhutshwane, o o nang le boboa, o o borokwa wa moriri wa mokwatla go tswa mo legetleng go ya kwa mokwatleng; methalo e mesweu e tabogela mo tlhogong eno. Chevron e tshweu e tlhagelela fa gare ga matlho, e e nang le marontho a mabedi a magolo a masweu mo lerameng lengwe le lengwe. Chevron e nngwe e tshweu e tlhagelela fa molala o kopanang le sehuba teng. Di- bongo ga di na dikgeleswa tse di kgethegileng tsa go ntsha, ka jalo go ka direga gore di se ka tsa ikaega thata ka monko gore di kgone go bona tse dingwe go feta di- antelope tse dingwe tse di tshwanang le tsone. Dipounama tsa bongo di tshweu, di tlhomilwe ka molomo o montsho. == Dinaka == [[Setshwantsho:Bongo Burger Zoo.jpg|thumb|Dinaka tsa bongo botlhaba]] Di-bongo di na le dinaka tse pedi tse di bokete le tse di tshekeletsa go se kae tse di tshekeletsang mo mekwatleng ya tsona. Ditona tsa Bongo di na le dinaka tse dikgolo tse di gogotsweng kwa morago, fa tse di namagadi di na le dinaka tse dinnye, tse di sesane, le tse di bapileng thata. Bogolo jwa dinaka bo fa gare ga 75 le 99 cm (29.5 le 39 in). Dinaka tsa di-bongo di a tlhotlhorega, mme di abelana tshwano eno le tsa mefuta e e amanang le di-nyala, di-sitatunga, di-bushbuck, di-kudu le di-eland. Dinaka tsa bongo di sokologa gangwe fela. Go farologana le dikgama, tse di nang le dinaka tse di nang le dikala tse di di tshololang ngwaga le ngwaga, di- bongo le di- antelope tse dingwe di na le dinaka tse di senang dikala tse di di bolokang botshelo jotlhe jwa tsone. Fela jaaka dinaka tse dingwe tsotlhe tsa diphokojwe, konokono ya lonaka lwa bongo e na le khuti mme karolo e e kwa ntle ya lonaka e dirilwe ka keratin, e leng sone selo se se dirang manala a menwana, manala a dinao le moriri wa motho. Bongo e taboga ka bontle le ka lobelo lo lo feletseng tota le mo ditlhakatlhakeng tse dikima thata tsa di- liana, e baya dinaka tsa yone tse di bokete tse di dikologang mo mokwatleng wa yone gore borashe bo se ka jwa kgoreletsa go fofa ga yone. Di-Bongo di tsomelwa dinaka tsa tsone ke batho.[11] == Thulaganyo ya loago le boitshwaro == Bongo eno ya botlhaba e e namagadi e tlhagisa dikarolo tsa yone tsa kwa morago fa e ntse e lebile kwa godimo ga legetla la yone go tlhola gore a go na le matshosetsi kwa Mount Kenya Wildlife Conservancy. Jaaka diphologolo tse dingwe tse di nang le dinala tsa sekgwa, di- bongo ga di bonwe ka sewelo ka ditlhopha tse dikgolo. Tse ditonanyana, tse di bidiwang dipoo, di na le tlwaelo ya go nna di le nosi, fa tse di namagadi tse di nang le bana di nna ka ditlhopha tsa di le thataro go ya go di le robedi. Di-Bongo ga di bonwe ka sewelo mo metlhapeng e e fetang masome a mabedi . Boimana bo ka nna malatsi a le makgolo a mabedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (dikgwedi di le 9.5), ka ngwana a le mongwe ka botsalo, mme go kgwesiwa go diragala mo dikgweding di le thataro. Go gola ga thobalano go fitlhelelwa mo dikgweding di le masome a mabedi le bone go ya go tse masome a mabedi le bosupa. Lefelo le le ratwang la bonno la mofuta ono le kitlane thata e bile go thata go le dirisa mo e leng gore ke batho ba le mmalwa ba Yuropa kgotsa Maamerika ba ba neng ba ela tlhoko mofuta ono go fitlha ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro . Jaaka fa ditonanyana tse dinnye di gola le go tswa mo ditlhopheng tsa tsona tsa bomme, gantsi di nna di le tsosi, le fa e le ka sewelo di kopanela le tonanyana e e godileng. Banna ba bagolo ba bogolo/dingwaga tse di tshwanang ba na le go tilana. Gangwe le gape, di kopana le go spar ka dinaka tsa tsona ka mokgwa wa ngwao mme ke ka sewelo dintwa tse di masisi di diragalang. Le fa go ntse jalo, dintwa tse di ntseng jalo gantsi di kgobega marapo ke dipontsho tse di bonwang, tse mo go tsone tse ditonanyana di ntshang melala ya tsone, di pitikolola matlho le go tshwara dinaka tsa tsone di eme fa di ntse di tsamaya ka iketlo di ya kwa le kwa fa pele ga tse ditonanyana tse dingwe. Di batla tse di namagadi fela ka nako ya go nyalana.[12] Fa di na le motlhape wa ditshegadi, tse ditonanyana ga di di pateletse kgotsa ga di leke go di thibela go tsamaya jaaka di-antelope tse dingwe di dira. Le fa bontsi jwa tsone di nna bosigo, nako le nako di nna matlhagatlhaga motshegare. Le fa go ntse jalo, fela jaaka dikgama, di-bongo di ka bontsha maitsholo a go tlhobaela.[13] Di-Bongo di tshoga e bile di tshoga bonolo; morago ga go tshosiwa, bongo e tsamaya ka lobelo lo logolo, tota le mo ditlhareng tse di kitlaneng tse di ka fa tlase ga tsone. Fa di sena go bona tshireletso, di nna di ntshitse matlho dinameng mme di lebile kgakala le kgoreletso, mme di tlhodumela nako le nako go tlhola seemo.[14] Dikarolwana tsa kwa morago tsa bongo ga di bonale thata jaaka tsa kwa pele, mme go tswa mo boemong jono phologolo e kgona go tshaba ka bonako. Fa bongo e le mo tlalelong, e ntsha modumo wa go lela. E dirisa palo e e lekanyeditsweng ya di-vocalisation, bontsi jwa tsone ke go rora le go rora; dinamagadi di na le pitso e e bokoa ya go lela ya go ikgolaganya le bana ba tsone. Dinamagadi di rata go dirisa mafelo a setso a go tsala a a lekanyeditsweng mo mafelong a a rileng, kwa dinamane tse di sa tswang go tsalwa di robalang di iphitlhile beke kgotsa go feta, di amogela diketelo tse dikhutshwane ke mme go amusa.[15] Dinamane di gola ka bonako mme go ise go ye kae di ka tsamaya le bommaatsone mo metlhapeng ya nursery. Dinaka tsa tsona di gola ka bonako mme di simolola go bonala mo dikgweding di le 3.5. Di kgwesiwa morago ga dikgwedi di le thataro mme di fitlhelela bogolo jwa thobalano fa di le dikgwedi di ka nna masome a mabedi. Di lemogilwe gore di tshela go fitlha go dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe.[14] == Ikholoji == === Phatlalatso le bonno === Di-Bongo di fitlhelwa mo dikgweng tsa boboatsatsi tse di nang le ditlhare tse di kitlaneng tse di tlhogang ka fa tlase ga tsone go fitlha kwa bogodimong jwa dimetara di le dikete tse nne (13 000 ft) kwa Afrika Bogare, ka dipalopalo tse di kgaoganeng kwa Kenya, le dinaga tseno tsa Afrika Bophirima: Cameroon, Rephaboliki ya Aforika Bogare, Rephaboliki ya Congo, Rephaboliki ya Temokerasi ya Guvotorine, Equatorine ya Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone le Sudan Borwa. Go ya ka hisitori, di-bongo di fitlhelwa mo dikarolong tse tharo tse di sa kopaneng tsa Afrika: Botlhaba, Bogare le Bophirima. Gompieno, ditlhopha tsotlhe tse tharo tsa dipalopalo di ngotlegile ka bogolo ka ntlha ya tatlhegelo ya bonno jwa temothuo le go rema dikota go go sa laolweng, mmogo le go tsoma nama. Di-Bongo di rata di-mosaic tsa sekgwa tse di tshwenyegileng tse di nayang dimela tse ditala tse di foreshe, tsa maemo a a kwa tlase. Mafelo a a ntseng jalo a ka nna a rotloediwa ke go phetlha thata ke ditlou, melelo, morwalela, go rema ditlhare (ka tlholego kgotsa ka go rema ditlhare), le go tlhotlhora ditlhare. Go swa ga bamboo ka bontsi go tlamela ka bonno jo bo siameng mo Afrika Botlhaba. Di kgona go nna mo dikgweng tsa bamboo. == Dijo == [[Setshwantsho:BongoP2.jpg|thumb|Bongo e tonanyana e ja bojang kwa Dirapeng tsa Diphologolo tsa Louisville]] Jaaka diphologolo tse dintsi tsa sekgwa tse di nang le manala, di-bong ke ditshedi tse di jang ditlhatshana mme di ja matlhare, ditlhatshana, merara, makwati le pith ya ditlhare tse di bolang, bojang/ditlhatshana, medi, ditlhaka, le maungo. Di-Bongo di tlhoka letswai mo dijong tsa tsona, mme di itsege ka go etela di-lick tsa letswai tsa tlholego ka metlha. Di-Bongo di itsege gape ka go ja dikgong tse di fileng morago ga setsuatsue, motswedi o o humileng wa letswai le diminerale.[16][17] Go dumelwa gore boitshwaro jono ke tsela ya go tsenya matswai le diminerale mo dijong tsa tsone. Boitshwaro jo bo begilwe le mo okapi. Tshwano e nngwe le okapi, le fa bongo e sa amane, ke gore bongo e na le leleme le le telele le le tshwarang pele le e le dirisang go tshwara bojang le matlhare. Mafelo a a tshwanetseng a bongo a tshwanetse go nna le metsi a leruri.[18] Jaaka phologolo e kgolo, bongo e tlhoka selekanyo se se lekaneng sa dijo, mme e lekanyeditswe kwa mafelong a a nang le kgolo e ntsi ya ngwaga otlhe ya ditlhatshana le ditlhatshana tse di kwa tlase. Palo ya baagi le tshomarelo Go na le diphopholetso di le mmalwa tsa kitlano ya batho. Fa go tsewa gore palogare ya kitlano ya diphologolo ke 0.25 ka km2 mo dikgaolong tse go itsegeng fa e tlwaelegile kgotsa e le ntsi, le 0.02 ka km2 gongwe, mme ka palogotlhe ya lefelo la bonno la 327,000 km2 (126,000 sq mi), palogotlhe ya palo ya batho e e tshitshinngwang e e ka nnang,000. Ke fela e e ka nnang 60% e e mo mafelong a a sireleditsweng, go akantsha gore dipalo tsa nnete tsa mefutapotlana ya nagatlase di ka nna fela mo diketekete tse di masomesome tse di kwa tlase. Kwa Kenya, palo ya tsona e fokotsegile thata mme kwa Thabeng ya Kenya, di ne tsa nyelediwa mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di fetileng ka ntlha ya go tsoma go se ka fa molaong ka dintša. Le fa tshedimosetso ka ga maemo a tsona mo nageng e tlhaela, ga jaana di-bongos tsa kwa tlase ga di tsewe di le mo kotsing ya go nyelela. Di-Bongo di tlhaselwa bonolo ke malwetse a a tshwanang le rinderpest, e e neng ya batla e fedisa mofuta ono ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe . Tragelaphus eurycerus e ka nna ya boga ka bolwetse jwa go tlhotlhorega. Mo tsamaong ya bolwetse, dikgeleswa tsa thyroid di gola thata (go fitlha go 10 x 20 cm) mme di ka nna tsa nna le di-polycystic. Pathogenesis ya goiter mo bongo e ka bontsha motswako wa tshekamelo ya dijini e e kopantsweng le mabaka a tikologo, go akaretsa le nako ya go tlhagelela mo goitrogen.[19] Mangau le diphiri tse di marontho ke dibatana tsa tlholego tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe (ditau ga di kopane le tsona ka sewelo ka ntlha ya go rata mafelo a a farologaneng a bonno); Di-python tsa matlapa tsa Aforika Bogare ka dinako tse dingwe di ja dinamane tsa bongo.[citation needed] Batho ba di ja ka ntlha ya matlalo a tsone, dinaka, le nama, mme mofuta ono ke motswedi o o tlwaelegileng wa selegae wa "nama ya sekgwa".[4] Dipalopalo tsa bongo di fokoditswe thata ke go tsoma, go tsoma le go tshwara diphologolo, le fa mafelo mangwe a botshabelo a bongo a le teng. Le fa gone go le motlhofo thata gore batho ba tshware di- bongo ba dirisa dirai, batho ba le bantsi ba ba tlholegileng mo lefelong le di- bongo di nnang mo go lone ba ne ba dumela gore fa ba ka ja kgotsa ba ama bongo, ba ne ba tla nna le di- spasm tse di tshwanang le tsa go thuthumela ga sethoathoa. Ka ntlha ya tumelobotlhodi eno, di- bongo di ne di sa utlwisiwe botlhoko thata mo mafelong a di tlholegileng mo go one go feta kafa go neng go solofetswe ka gone. Le fa go ntse jalo, go bolelwa fa dikiletso tseno di sa tlhole di le teng, e leng se se ka tswang se dirile gore batho ba tsome thata mo dinakong tsa bosheng.[citation needed] == Mananeo a di-zoo == Buka ya boditšhabatšhaba ya go ithuta e a tlhokomelwa go thusa go laola diphologolo tse di tshwerweng mo botshwarong. Ka ntlha ya mmala wa yona o o phatsimang, e ratwa thata mo di-zoo le mo dikokoanyong tsa poraefete. Kwa Amerika Bokone, go akanngwa gore go tshwerwe di- bongo di feta makgolo a mane , e leng palo e gongwe e fetang ya di- bongo tsa dithaba tse di mo nageng. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi , Mokgatlho wa Dirapa tsa Diphologolo le Di-Aquarium (AZA) o ne wa tlhabolola bongo go nna motsayakarolo wa Leano la go Falola la Mefuta, le le dirang go tokafatsa mefutafuta ya dijini tsa dipalopalo tsa diphologolo tse di laolwang. Palo e e ikaeletsweng ya di-zoo tse di tsayang karolo le dikokoanyo tsa poraefete kwa Amerika Bokone ke diphologolo di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano. Ka maiteko a dirapa tsa diphologolo kwa Amerika Bokone, go dirwa tsela ya go busetsa batho kwa Kenya gape. Bobotlana maiteko a le mangwe a tirisanommogo a go busetsa diphologolo tsa naga gape fa gare ga dikago tsa diphologolo tsa naga tsa Amerika Bokone a setse a dirilwe. Ka ngwaga wa dikete ts pedi le bone, di- bongo di le lesome le borobabobeditsa kwa botlhaba tse di tsholetsweng kwa di- zoo tsa Amerika Bokone di ne tsa kokoana kwa White Oak Conservation kwa Yulee, kwa Florida, gore di gololwe kwa Kenya. Badiri ba White Oak ba ne ba tsamaya le di-bong go ya kwa lefelong la go tshwara di-Mount Kenya, kwa ba neng ba nna gone go fitlha ba tsenngwa gape.[20] == Tshomarelo == Mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di fetileng, phokotsego e e bonako ya dipalo tsa di-bongo tsa dithaba tse di tlhaga e diragetse ka ntlha ya go tsomiwa le kgatelelo ya batho mo lefelong la tsona, ka go nyelela ga tsone ga selegae go begilwe kwa dithabeng tsa Cherang’any le Chepalungu, Kenya. Lenaneo la go Lekola Bongo, le le dirang mmogo le Tirelo ya Diphologolo tsa Naga ya Kenya, le gatisitse dinepe tsa di-bongo kwa mafelong a a kgakala a go latswa letswai kwa Dikgweng tsa Aberdare ba dirisa dirai tsa dikhamera, mme, ka go sekaseka DNA e e ntshitsweng mo bolong, ba netefaditse go nna teng ga bongo kwa dikgweng tsa Mount Kenya, Eburru, le Mau. Lenaneo le fopholetsa diphologolo di le mmalwa fela di le lekgolo le masome a mane tse di setseng kwa nageng – tse di anameng mo ditlhopheng tse nne tse di kgaoganeng. Le fa mananeo a tsadiso ya ditshedi tse di tshwerweng a ka tsewa jaaka a a atlegileng mo go netefatseng go falola ga mofuta ono kwa Yuropa le Amerika Bokone, seemo kwa nageng se ntse se sa solofetse thata. Go na le bosupi jwa gore bongo bo sa ntse bo le teng kwa Kenya. Le fa go ntse jalo, go dumelwa gore dipalopalo tseno di dinnye, di kgaogane e bile di ka nyelela motlhofo. Dipalopalo tsa diphologolo tse di nang le mefutafuta ya dijini e e humanegileng ka tlhago ga di kgone go tlwaela diphetogo mo ditikologong tsa tsona (jaaka phetogo ya tlelaemete, go runya ga malwetse, phetogo ya bonno, jj.). Go kgaoganngwa ga dipalopalo tse nne tse dinnye tse di setseng tsa di-bongo, tse ka botsona di neng di tla lebega di fokotsega, go raya gore selekanyo se se bonalang sa dilo tsa dijini se a latlhega kokomana nngwe le nngwe. Fa palo ya batho e santse e le nnye, ditlamorago tsa diphetiso di tla nna dikgolo, ka jalo go tlhongwa ga "leano la taolo ya metapopulation" go diragala ka nako e le nngwe le maiteko a tshomarelo go tokafatsa kgolo ya baagi mo lefelong, mme maiteko a a potlakile e bile a botlhokwa mo go tsheleng ga isago ga bongo ya dithaba mo nageng. Bongo ya bophirima/tlase e lebagane le phokotsego e e tswelelang ya palo ya batho jaaka tshenyo ya bonno le dikgatelelo tsa go tsoma di oketsega ka katoloso e e sa kgaotseng ya bonno jwa batho. Go tshela ga yona ga nako e telele go tla netefadiwa fela mo mafelong a a amogelang tshireletso le taolo e e matlhagatlhaga. Ga jaana, mafelo a a ntseng jalo a akaretsa dikilometara di ka nna dikete tse masome a mararo, mme a le mmalwa a mo dinageng tse go tlhomama ga sepolotiki go leng bokoa mo go tsone. Ka jalo, kgonagalo ya nnete e teng e ka yona maemo a yona a ka fokotsegang go nna a a Tshosediwang mo isagong e e sa fediseng pelo. Jaaka tshephe e kgolo go gaisa le e e kgatlhang thata ya sekgwa, bongo ya bophirima/ya kwa tlase ke mofuta o o botlhokwa wa sefolaga sa mafelo a a sireleditsweng jaaka diphaka tsa bosetšhaba, le mofuta o mogolo wa sekgele o o tserweng ka dipalo tse di oketsegang mo Aforika Bogare ke batsomi ba metshameko ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe.[21] Dintlha tse ka bobedi ke ditlhotlheletso tse di maatla go tlamela ka tshireletso e e atlegileng le taolo ya baagi.[22] Go tsoma ga dijana go na le bokgoni jwa go tlamela ka tshiamiso ya ikonomi ya go somarela mafelo a magolo a bonno jwa bongo go feta diphaka tsa bosetšhaba, bogolosegolo mo dikgaolong tse di kgakala tsa Aforika Bogare, kwa dikgonagalo tsa bojanala jo bo atlegileng mo kgwebong di lekanyeditsweng thata.[21] Go tshela ga bongo ya botlhaba/thaba mo nageng go ikaegile ka tshireletso e e atlegileng thata ya dipalopalo tsa masalela a a tshelang kwa Kenya. Fa seno se sa diragale, e tla feleletsa e nyeletse mo nageng. Go nna teng ga palo e e itekanetseng ya mofuta ono o o tshwerweng go dira gore go nne le kgonagalo ya gore e ka tsenngwa gape.[1] === Ditlhopha tse di tshegetsang tshomarelo ya bongo kwa Kenya === Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone , Dr. Jake Veasey, tlhogo ya Lefapha la Botsamaisi le Tshomarelo ya Diphologolo kwa Woburn Safari Park le leloko la Mokgatlho wa Yuropa wa Dirapa tsa Diphologolo le Di-Aquarium tsa Setlhopha sa Bogakolodi sa Botsamaisi jwa Baagi, ka thuso ya ga Lindsay Banks, o ne a tsaya boikarabelo jwa go laola le go gokaganya Lenaneo la Yuropa la Diphologolo tse di mo Kotsing. Seno se akaretsa diphologolo di ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano go ralala Yuropa le Botlhabagare. Mmogo le thutlwa ya Rothschild, bongo ya botlhaba ke nngwe ya diamusi tse dikgolo tse di mo kotsing thata mo Aforika, ka diphopholetso tsa bošeng jaana tse di kwa tlase ga diphologolo di le lekgolo le masome a mane , tse di kwa tlase ga bonnye jwa palo e e kgonang go tshela e e tswelelang. Seemo se gakala ka gonne diphologolo tseno di aname mo ditlhopheng tse nnè tse di kgaoganeng. Le fa lenaneo la mefuta e e mo kotsing ya go nyelela ya bongo le ka tsewa jaaka le le atlegileng mo go netefatseng go falola ga mofuta ono kwa Yuropa, ga le ise le nne le seabe ka matlhagatlhaga mo tshomarelong ya mofuta ono kwa nageng ka mokgwa o o golaganeng. Leano ke go nna le seabe mo ditirong tsa tshomarelo kwa Kenya go thusa go busetsa morago go fokotsega ga dipalopalo tsa di-bongo tsa kwa botlhaba le mefutafuta ya dijini mo Aforika, mme segolobogolo, go dirisa boitseanape jwa taolo ya dipalopalo go thusa go netefatsa go tswelela ga mefutafuta ya dijini mo ditlhopheng tsa naga tse di tsamayang ka kgololesego. Go tshwantsha botlhokwa jwa tatlhegelo ya mefutafuta ya dijini, tsaya gore palogare ya bogolo jwa metapopulation ke diphologolo di le masome a mararo le botlhano go ​​ikaegilwe ka diphologolo di le lekgolo le masome a mane tse di anameng mo ditlhopheng di le nne (140/4=35). Fa go tsewa gore dipalopalo di tlhomame, dipalopalo tseno di tla latlhegelwa ke 8% ya mefutafuta ya tsona ya dijini dingwaga di le lesome dingwe le dingwe. Ka go laola dipalopalo tsotlhe tse nne jaaka nngwe, ka diphetiso tsa togamaano, tatlhegelo ya dijini e a fokodiwa go tswa go 8% go ya go 2% ka ngwagasome, ntle le koketsego epe ya dipalo tsa bongo kwa Kenya. Ka go laola dipalopalo tsa Yuropa le Aforika jaaka nngwe – ka diromelwantle tsa togamaano go tswa kwa Yuropa di kopantswe le diphetiso tsa in situ, tatlhegelo ya dijini e fokodiwa go nna 0.72% dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le lekgolo, ka dipalopalo ka bobedi di sala di tlhomame. Fa dipalopalo kwa Kenya di ka letlwa go gola ka go tsenya tirisong tshomarelo e e atlegileng, go akaretsa le diphetiso tsa togamaano, tatlhegelo ya dijini e ka emisiwa ka katlego mo mofuteng ono mme isagwe ya yona e ka sirelediwa kwa nageng. Maikaelelo a ntlha a tiro e ke: # Ka tshekatsheko ya DNA ya mantle, fopholetsa mefutafuta ya dijini tsa di-bongo tsa naga tse di setseng mme o bale kamano ya dipalopalo tsa naga tse di kgaoganeng. # Fopholetsa ka nepo palogotlhe ya di-bongo tsa naga ka tshekatsheko ya DNA ya mantle, go tshwara ka khamera, le go dira dipatlisiso tsa transect. # Ka go tsaya disampole ka tlhamalalo, fopholetsa mefutafuta ya dijini tsa palo ya bongo e e tshwerweng le go bala kamano ya yona le palo ya naga e e setseng e e kgaoganeng. # Kgobokanya disampole tsa DNA go tswa mo di-bongos tsa bophirima go bala kamano ya mefutapotlana e mebedi. # Batlhokomedi ba matlole go kokoanya tshedimosetso e e fa godimo kwa Kenya le go tokafatsa selekanyo sa tshireletso e e neelwang le maemo a go tlhaloganya ditlhokego tsa ikholoji tsa di-bongos tsa botlhaba. # Go fitlhelela leano le le jalo la taolo ya metapopulation, go dira le baagi ba selegae go botlhokwa go busetsa morago phokotsego le go letla go tsenngwa tirisong ga leano la phetiso. Karolo e kgolo ya mefutafuta ya dijini tsa naga e ka tswa e setse e latlhegile. Fa tshireletso e e atlegileng e ne e ka tsenngwa tirisong ka bonako mme dipalopalo tsa di-bongo di ka letlelelwa go atologa ntle le diphetiso, gona seno se ne se tla tlhola palo e kgolwane ya di-bongo tse di humanegileng ka dijini. Diphologolo tseno di ne di ka se kgone go tlwaela tikologo e e fetofetogang. Fa palo ya batho e santse e le nnye, ditlamorago tsa diphetiso di tla nna dikgolo. Ka lebaka le, ‘leano la taolo ya metapopulation’ le tshwanetse go diragala ka nako e le nngwe le maano a tshomarelo go tokafatsa kgolo ya baagi ba in situ. Maiteko ano a potlakile e bile a botlhokwa thata mo isagweng ya bongo ya dithaba mo nageng. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro , ditlhaeletsano tsa megala tsa Safaricom di ne tsa neela Lenaneo la go Tlhokomela Di-Bongo[23] madi go leka go nna le leitlho mo go se go akanngwang gore ke di-bongo tsa bofelo di le lekgolo tsa kwa botlhaba tse di setseng kwa nageng kwa Sekgweng sa Mau Eburu] kwa bogareng jwa Kenya, tse palo ya tsone e sa ntseng e fokotsega ka ntlha ya go rengwa ga ditlhare le go rengwa ga tsone. Mount Kenya Tshomarelo ya Diphologolo tsa Naga e tsamaisa lenaneo la tsosoloso ya bongo ka tirisanommogo le Tirelo ya Diphologolo tsa Naga ya Kenya.[25] Conservancy e ikaelela go thibela go nyelela ga bongo ka go tsadisa le go golola go boela kwa nageng.[26][27] == Seemo == Setlhopha sa Baitseanape ba Diphokojwe ba IUCN se tsaya bongo jwa bophirima kgotsa jwa nagatlase, T. e. eurycerus, go nna mo Kotsing e e kwa Tlase (E e Gaufi le go Tshosediwa)[2] le bongo ya botlhaba kgotsa ya dithaba, T. e. isaaci, wa Kenya, go nna mo Kotsing e e Masisi.[8] Di-bongo tseno di ka nna tsa nna mo kotsing ya go nyelela ka ntlha ya tirisanommogo ya batho le tikologo, mmogo le go tsoma le ditiro tse di seng ka fa molaong mo diphologolong tsa naga. CITES e kwadile di-bongos jaaka mofuta wa Mametlelelo III, e laola fela thomelontle ya tsona go tswa kwa nageng e le nngwe, Ghana.[citation needed] Ga e a sirelediwa ke Molao wa Mefuta e e mo Kotsing ya go Nyelela ya US mme ga e kwadilwe ke USFWS. == Metswedi == fm5h1e43ay3e4z5jue5g6pmiadcy7km 0 8986 52799 32506 2026-07-20T09:19:37Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE FELELEDITSE TSEBE YA Phokojwe ya tsebe tsa bommamantlhwane 52799 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Otocyon megalotis - Etosha 2014.jpg|thumb|Phokojwe wa ditsebe tsa bommamathwane]] Phokojwe wa ditsebe tsa bommamathwane (Otocyon megalotis) ke mofuta wa phokoje o o fitlhelwang mo savanneng ya Aforika. Ke mofuta o le mongwe fela o o setseng o le teng wa mofuta wa Otocyon, mme ke mofuta wa kgaitsadi go maloko otlhe a mangwe a morafe wa Vulpini, e seng ka lotsalo e le phokoje ya nnete. Direkoto tsa masaledi a dilo tse di epolotsweng di supa gore canid eno e ne ya tlhagelela la ntlha ka nako ya Pleistocene e e fa gare. Go na le ditlhopha tse pedi tse di farologaneng tsa phokoje ya ditsebe tsa bat, e nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e dirang mofutapotlana. Bommamanthwane jo go buiwang ka jone mo leineng la jone la puo ya tlwaelo gongwe ke mmamanthwane wa Egepeto o o nang le sefatlhego se se phatlogileng (Nycteris thebaica), o o leng teng thata mo kgaolong eno e bile o na le ditsebe tse dikgolo thata. Maina a mangwe a puo ya selegae a akaretsa phokoje ya ditsebe tse dikgolo, phokoje ya ditsebe tse dintsho, phokoje ya ditsebe tse ditelele, phokoje ya ga Delalande, phokoje ya kwa kapa le motlosi. E biditswe ka ntlha ya ditsebe tsa yona tse dikgolo, tse di nang le seabe mo go laoleng mogote. Ke canid e nnye, e le ya bogolo jo bo bapisiwang le phokoje ya cape e e amanang gaufi le nša e e tlwaelegileng ya raccoon. Boya jwa yona bo farologana ka mmala go ikaegile ka mofutapotlana, fela ka kakaretso bo mmala wa tan mme bo na le meriri ya balebedi ya mmala wa agouti o o bosetlha. Phokoje e e nang le ditsebe tsa mmamathwane e fitlhelwa kwa Borwa le kwa Botlhaba jwa Afrika, le fa mefutapotlana e mebedi eno e kgaogantswe ke kgaolo e e senang batho e e ka nnang dikilometara di le 1 000 (620 mi). Mo lefelong la yona, phokoje ya ditsebe tsa mmamathwane e epa mesima go bona bonno le go godisa bana ba yona, mme e nna ka ditlhopha tsa loago kgotsa dipara tse di tsomang le go tlhokomela mmogo. Phokoje e e nang le ditsebe tsa bat e ja thata ditshenekegi—e leng dijo tse di tlhomologileng mo di- canid. E batla dijo mo ditikologong tse di omileng le tse di omileng go sekae, e rata dikgaolo tse di nang le mmu o o senang sepe le kwa diphologolo tse di nang le dinala di bolokang bojang bo le bokhutshwane, mme e bona diphologolo ka go dirisa kutlo ya yona, e tsamaya ka iketlo ka nko ya yona fa fatshe le ditsebe di sekametse kwa pele. Bontsi jwa dijo tsa yona di dirilwe ka dintlhwa tsa harvester, tse gape di nayang phokoje ya ditsebe tsa bat metsi, ka ge e sa nwe go tswa mo metsing a a ikemetseng. Ka go ja dintlhwa tsa harvester, e dira jaaka tsela ya taolo ya palo ya ditshenekegi tseno, tse di tsewang jaaka disenyi mo dikgaolong tse di nang le batho. Mo dikgaolong tse di ntseng jalo, e ile ya tsomelwa boboa jwa yone. Ga go na matshosetsi a magolo mo phokojeng ya ditsebe tsa bat, mme ka jalo e tsewa e le mofuta o o sa tshwenyegeng thata. == Thuto ya mafoko == Leina la kakaretso la phokoje e e nang le ditsebe tsa bat Otocyon le tswa mo mafokong a Segerika otus (οὖς) a a kayang tsebe le cyon (κύων) a a kayang ntša, fa leina le le rileng megalotis le tswa mo mafokong a Segerika megas (μέar]γας) a a kayang kgolo le otus (οὖς. Leina le le tlwaelegileng la phokoje ya ditsebe tsa mmamanthwane le ka tswa le tserwe mo mmamanthwane wa Egepeto o o nang le sefatlhego se se phatlogileng (Nycteris thebaica), ka ntlha ya ditsebe tse dikgolo tse di tshwanang tsa mmamanthwane le bontsi jwa yone mo lefelong la thutafatshe la phokoje ya ditsebe tsa mmamanthwane.[5] Maina a mangwe a puo ya selegae (a a tlwaelegileng) a phokoje ya ditsebe tsa mmamanthwane a akaretsa phokoje ya ditsebe tse dikgolo, phokoje ya ditsebe tse dintsho, phokoje ya ditsebe tse ditelele,[6] phokoje ya Delalande, phokoje ya cape,[a] le motlosi.[4] == Thulaganyo ya ditshedi le thutotlhagelelo == Phokoje e e nang le ditsebe tsa mmamanthwane ke yone fela mofuta o o tshelang wa mofuta wa Otocyon.[1] Leina la yona la saense, le le neetsweng ke Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest, kwa tshimologong e ne e le Canis megalotis (ka ntlha ya go tshwana ga yona thata le diphokoje), mme morago ga moo ya fetolwa ke Salomon Müller e e neng ya e baya mo mofuteng wa yona, Otocyon; ditsebe tsa yona tse dikgolo le fomula e e farologaneng ya meno di tlhoka go akarediwa mo mofuteng o o farologaneng le Canis le diphokoje tsa nnete (Vulpes).[5] Ka ntlha ya meno a yone a a sa tlwaelegang— 3.1.4.3-4. 3.1.4.4-5  × 2 = 46-50, palo e kgolo ya meno e e itsiweng mo seamusi sepe sa naga se e seng sa marsupial—phokoje e e nang le ditsebe tsa bat e ne e beilwe mo lelapeng le le tlhaolegileng la di-canid, Otocyoninae, ka gonne ga go na kamano epe le mofuta ope o o tshelang wa di-canid e e neng e ka tlhongwa.[7] === Faelojene === Otocyon megalotis e tsewa jaaka e e nang le kamano le mola wa vulpine,[7] mme Otocyon o ne a bewa ka tshepo e e kwa godimo jaaka kgaitsadie wa clade e e nang le bobedi ntša ya raccone (Nyctereutes) le diphokoje tsa nnete (Vulpes).[8][9] Kladokeramo e e latelang e theilwe mo dipalong tsa ga Lindblad-Toh le ba bangwe, 2005:[10] === Difosili === Otocyon ga e a emelwa sentle mo rekotong ya masaledi a dilo tse di epolotsweng. Go tshitshinngwa gore mofuta ono o bopa setlhopha le Prototocyon, mofuta o o sa tlholeng o le teng wa canid.[11][12] Mo Mogorogorong wa Olduvai, kwa Tanzania, go fitlhetswe masaledi a mefuta e e amanang le yone e e nyeletseng ya phokoje e e neng ya tsewa la ntlha e le Otocyon recki e e neng e le ya bofelo jwa Pliocene kgotsa kwa tshimologong ya Pleistocene.[4] O. recki jaanong gantsi e bewa mo Prototocyon;[13][14] direkoto tsa masaledi a dilo tse di epolotsweng ka tlhamalalo tsa Otocyon megalotis di supilwe mo matlakaleng a bogologolo fela jaaka Pleistocene e e fa gare.[15] Masaledi ano, a a itsiweng go tswa kwa lefelong la Lainyamok kwa Kenya, a simolotse dingwaga di le dimilione di le 0.3 tse di fetileng.[2] == Tlhaloso == [[Setshwantsho:Bat Eared Fox (2604724281).jpg|thumb|Phokoje e e godileng ya ditsebe tsa mmamathwane]] Diphokoje tse di nang le ditsebe tsa bat di na le bokete jwa dikilogerama di le 3 go ya go 5.3 (6.6 go ya go 11.7 lb). Boleele jwa tlhogo le mmele wa tsone ke 46–66 cm (18–26 in), boleele jwa mogatla ke 23–34 cm (9.1–13 in), bogodimo jwa magetla ke 30–40 cm (12–16 in),[16] mme ditsebe tse dikgolo thata ke boleele jwa 11–13 cm (4.3–5.17 in) Mofuta ono o bontsha selekanyo se se rileng sa dimorphism ya bong, ka gore tse di namagadi ka kakaretso di dikgolo e bile di bokete go feta tse ditonanyana.[18] Ka kakaretso, pelage e mmala wa tan, ka meriri e e bosetlha ya mmala wa agouti.[16] Matlhakore a a kwa tlase le mometso di bosetlha. Ditokololo di lefifi, di na le moriti go ya go borokwa jo bontsho kgotsa bontsho kwa dintlheng tsa tsona. Molomo, ntlha le letlhakore le le kwa godimo la mogatla le mask wa sefatlhego di ntsho. Bokagare jwa ditsebe bo bosweu.[4] Ditshedi tsa mefutapotlana ya Aforika Botlhaba, O. m. virgatus, di na le tshekamelo ya go nna le pelage e e buff e e nang le matshwao a a borokwa jo bontsho, go farologana le bontsho jwa O. m. dikgolo. Ditsebe tse dikgolo tse di lekanang tsa diphokoje tse di nang le ditsebe tsa bommamathwane, e leng selo se se tlhakanetsweng ke banni ba bangwe ba le bantsi ba maemo a bosa a a mogote, a a omileng, jaaka cottontail ya sekaka,[19] di thusa go anamisa mogote. Gape di thusa mo go batleng diphologolo tse di bolailweng.[17] === Go fetoga ga meno le motlhagare === Meno a phokoje e e nang le ditsebe tsa bommamathwane a mannye thata go na le a mefuta e mengwe ya ditshenekegi,[18] kwa ntle ga nša ya sekgwa (Spetothos venaticus) le dhole (Cuon alpinus).[20] Di-molar di botlhofo thata mme medi e nonofile go feta ya di-canid tse dingwe, mme meno a na le bokgoni jo bo kwa tlase jwa go kuta. Tse ke go tlwaela dijo tsa yona tse di jang ditshenekegi le go tila dijo tse di boleta.[18] Phokoje e e nang le ditsebe tsa mmamanthwane e na le meno a a kwa tlase a le 4-5 le meno a a kwa godimo a le 3-4, palo e e lemotshegang ka gonne e feta palo ya meno a a kwa tlase kgotsa a a kwa godimo a a nang le eutherian[b] kgotsa canid, ka go latelana.[7] Meno ga se one fela phokoje e e nang le ditsebe tsa bommamanthwane e e tlwaelanang le popego ya yone mo dijong tsa yone. Mo motlhaleng o o kwa tlase, go na le go tlhagelela go go tshwanang le kgato go go bidiwang thulaganyo ya subangular, e e leng teng mo mefuteng e le mmalwa fela ya canid mme ka bobedi e oketsa maatla a go loma a mesifa ya masseter[21] le go tlhomamisa mesifa e megolo ya digastric go letla go tlhafuna ka bonako. Mosifa wa digastric le one o fetolwa go dira gore o kgone go bula le go tswala motlhagare makgetlo a le matlhano ka motsotswana.[4] == Phatlalatso le bonno == [[Setshwantsho:187 Bat-eared fox in Otjozondjupa Region Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|thumb|Phokoje wa ditsebe tsa mmamanthwane kwa Kgaolong ya Otjozondjupa, kwa Namibia]] Phokoje e e nang le ditsebe tsa bat e na le kabo e e sa tlhomamang go ralala dikgaolo tse di omileng le tse di omileng go sekae tsa Aforika Botlhaba le Borwa, mo ditlhopheng tse pedi tsa allopatric (tse di emelang nngwe le nngwe ya mofutapotlana o o amogelwang) tse di kgaogantsweng ka bokana ka 1,000 km (620 mi). Mofutapotlana O. m. virgatus e simolola kwa borwa jwa Sudan, Ethiopia le Somalia, go ralala Uganda le Kenya go ya kwa borwabophirima jwa Tanzania; O. m. megalotis e tlhagelela mo karolong e e kwa borwa jwa Aforika, go simolola kwa Angola go ralala Namibia le Botswana go ya kwa Aforika Borwa, mme e atologela go fitlha kwa botlhaba go fitlha kwa Mozambique le Zimbabwe,[3] e anama go tsena mo Setlhaketlhakeng sa Kapa le go ya kwa Kapa Agulhas. Dikgaolo tsa magae di farologana ka bogolo go tswa go 0.3 go ya go 3.5 km2 (0.12 go ya go 1.35 sq mi).[4] Mefuta e mebedi e e sa kopaneng ya O. megalotis e ka tswa e ne e golagantswe ka nako ya Pleistocene.[22] Diphokoje tse di nang le ditsebe tsa bommamathwane di tlwaetse go nna mo mafelong a a omileng kgotsa a a omeletseng go sekae. Di fitlhelwa gantsi mo dikgweng tse dikhutshwane tsa bojang, mmogo le dikgaolo tse di omileng thata tsa di-savanna, go bapa le dintlha tsa dikgwa, le mo dikgweng tse di bulegileng tsa acacia.[17][20] Di rata mmu o o senang sepe le mafelo a mo go ona bojang bo bolokwang bo le bokhutshwane ke diphologolo tse di nang le dinao tse di fulang[4] mme di rata go tsoma mo mafelong ano a bojang jo bokhutshwane le ditlhatshana tse di kwa tlase. Le fa go ntse jalo, di tsena mo mafelong a a nang le bojang jo boleele le ditlhatshana tse dikima go iphitlha fa di tshosediwa.[23] Mo godimo ga go godisetsa bana ba tsone mo dikhuting, diphokoje tse di nang le ditsebe tsa bommamathwane di dirisa dikhuti tse di di ikepetseng go itshireletsa mo dithemphoritšhareng tse di feteletseng le mo diphefong. Gape di rapama ka fa tlase ga ditlhare tsa acacia mo Aforika Borwa go batla moriti motshegare.[4] == Boitshwaro le ikholoji == [[Setshwantsho:Otocyon megalotis Dvur zoo Alt.png|thumb|Pontsho ya matshosetsi a phokoje e e nang le ditsebe tsa mmamathwane]] Diphokoje tsa ditsebe tsa bommamathwane ke diphologolo tse di ratang loago. Di tshela ka bobedi kgotsa ka ditlhopha, go ikaegile ka mofutapotlana. Mo Aforika e e kwa borwa (ssp. megalotis), diphokoje tse di nang le ditsebe tsa bommamathwane di nna ka dipara tse di nang le dintšanyana, fa tse di kwa botlhaba jwa Aforika (ssp. virgatus) di ka nna ka dipara, kgotsa ka ditlhopha tsa malapa a a tlhomameng tse di nang le e tonanyana le tse di namagadi di ka nna tharo tse di amanang gaufi le dintšanyana.[24][20] Ditho ka bongwe di batla dijo, di tshameka le go ikhutsa mmogo ka setlhopha, se se thusang mo tshireletsong kgatlhanong le dibatana tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe. Ba nna le seabe mo dithulaganyong tsa allogrooming kgapetsakgapetsa le tse di atolositsweng, tse di thusang go nonotsha tshwaragano ya setlhopha, bontsi magareng ga bagolo ba ba godileng, mme gape magareng ga bagolo ba ba botlana le bagolo ba ba godileng.[4] Dipontsho tsa pono di botlhokwa mo puisanong mo gare ga diphokoje tse di nang le ditsebe tsa bommamathwane. Fa di lebile sengwe ka tlhoafalo, tlhogo e tshwaretswe kwa godimo, matlho a bulegile, ditsebe di eme mme di lebile kwa pele, mme molomo o tswetswe. Fa motho ka bongwe a le mo matshosetsing kgotsa a bontsha go ineela, ditsebe di gogelwa kwa morago mme di rapame kgatlhanong le tlhogo mme tlhogo e le kwa tlase. Mogatla le ona o na le seabe mo puisanong. Fa motho a tlhomamisa gore o a laola kgotsa o bogale, a ikutlwa a tshosediwa, a tshameka, kgotsa a tsosiwa ke tlhakanelodikobo, mogatla o a bopega ka popego ya U e e retologileng. Batho ka bongwe ba ka dirisa gape piloerection, e e diragalang fa meriri ka bongwe e eme ka tlhamalalo, go dira gore e lebege e le kgolo fa e lebane le matshosetsi a a feteletseng. Fa e taboga, e lelekisa kgotsa e tshaba, mogatla o tlhamaletse e bile o rapaletse. Phokoje e e nang le ditsebe tsa mmamathwane e kgona go lemoga batho ba ba leng bokgakala jwa dimetara di le 30 (98 ft). Thulaganyo ya go lemoga e na le dikgato di le tharo: Sa ntlha ba itlhokomolosa motho ka bongwe, morago ga moo ba mo leba ka tlhoafalo, mme kwa bofelong ba atamela kgotsa ba tlhasela kwantle ga dipontsho. Fa a dumedisa yo mongwe, motho yo o atamelang o bontsha go ineela ga tshwantshetso go go amogelwang ke motho yo mongwe ka tlhogo e e kwa godimo le mogatla o o kwa tlase. Go dirisiwa mantswe a le mmalwa go buisana, fela go dirisiwa megala ya go ikgolaganya le megala ya tlhagiso, bontsi jwa yone ka nako ya mariga. Dikgeleswa tsa dikgeleswa le go ngapa, ntle le go epa, ga di yo mo puisanong,[4] le fa di lebega di tlhoma dikgolagano tsa dipara ka go tshwaya monko.[25] Mo dikgaolong tse di kwa bokone thata tsa setlhopha sa yona (go dikologa Serengeti), di nna bosigo 85% ya nako. Le fa go ntse jalo, go dikologa Aforika Borwa, di nna bosigo fela ka selemo mme di nna motshegare ka nako ya mariga.[26] == Go tsoma le dijo == [[Setshwantsho:Otocyon megalotis 02 MWNH.JPG|thumb|Legata la phokoje e e nang le ditsebe tsa mmamathwane]] Phokoje e e nang le ditsebe tsa bommamathwane ke yona fela canid e e jang ditshenekegi ka nnete,[27] e e nang le kgetho e e bonalang ya dintlhwa tsa go roba (Hodotermes mossambicus),[28] tse di ka dirang 80–90% ya dijo tsa yona.[4] Fa mofuta ono wa dintlhwa o seyo, dijo tsa tsona tse di dirisang tshono di letla gore go tsewe mefuta e e farologaneng ya dijo:[28] di ka ja mefuta e mengwe ya dintlhwa, ditshedi tse dingwe tse di nang le dithapo tse di jaaka ditshoswane, dikhukhwana (bogolo jang dikhukhwana tsa scarab (dikhukhwana tsa mantle)),[26] dikhukhwana tsa scarab, dikhukhwana tsa mantle, dikhukhwana tsa grappers, di-grappers mocorpi, digokgo, mme ka sewelo dinonyane, mae a dinonyane le ditsuane,[26] diamusi tse dinnye (magotlo),[26] digagabi, le fungi (truffle ya sekaka Kalaharituber pfeilii[29]). Diberi, dipeo le maungo a naga le tsone di a jewa. Phokoje e e nang le ditsebe tsa bommamathwane e gana go ja dintlhwa tse di robang tse di nang le dinko, gongwe ka gonne e sa tlwaela go itshokela go itshireletsa ga dintlhwa tseno ka dikhemikale.[4] Diphokoje tse di nang le ditsebe tsa bat di tlhoka metsi go amusa,[30] mme ga di ise di lemogiwe di nwa metsi a a ikemetseng.[4] Di fitlhelela ditlhokego tsa tsona tsa metsi ka diteng tse di kwa godimo tsa metsi mo dijong tsa tsona.[30] Diphokoje tsa ditsebe tsa bat gantsi di tsoma ka ditlhopha, gantsi di kgaogana ka bobedi, ka ditlhotshwana tse di kgaoganeng tse di tsamayang mo lefelong le le lengwe la kakaretso.[31] Fa dintlhwa di le dintsi, go nna le dikokoanyo tsa diphepo tsa ditshedi tse di ka fitlhang go 15 go tswa mo malapeng a a farologaneng.[32] Ditshedi di batla dijo di le tsosi morago ga gore ditlhopha tsa malapa di kgaogane ka Seetebosigo kgotsa Phukwi le mo dikgweding morago ga go tsholwa ga dintšanyana.[4] Diphofu di bonwa thata ka tsela ya go utlwa, go na le ka monko kgotsa pono.[31] Dipaterone tsa go batla dijo di farologana magareng ga dipaka le dipalopalo, mme di tsamaelana le go nna teng ga dintlhwa. Kwa botlhaba jwa Afrika, go batla dijo bosigo ke molao, fa kwa borwa jwa Afrika, go batla dijo bosigo ka selemo go fetoga ka iketlo go nna mokgwa o o batlang o le wa motshegare fela ka mariga. Mekgwa ya go batla dijo e ikaegile ka mofuta wa phofu, fela dijo gantsi di bonwa ka go tsamaya ka iketlo, nko e le gaufi le fa fatshe le ditsebe di sekametse kwa pele.[7] Gantsi e tlhagelela ka diphatsa, tse di tsamaelanang le metswedi ya diphologolo tse di kgobokaneng, jaaka dikoloni tsa dintlhwa, tse le tsona di tlhagelelang ka diphatsa. Ditlhopha di kgona go ja ditlhopha tsa diphologolo tse di bolailweng mo dikarolong ka gonne ga di lwe go bona dijo ka ntlha ya selekanyo sa tsona sa botsalano le go tlhoka kgaolo.[23] Jaaka fa lefelo la phokoje e e nang le ditsebe tsa mmamathwane le kopana le la aardvark, e tla dirisa dithota tsa dintlhwa tse di butsweng ke phologolo ya bofelo, fela jaaka diphiri tsa aard.[33] == Tsalo == Diphokoje tse pedi tse dinnye (tse dinnye), e nngwe e lebile mmogedi mme e nngwe e fapogile, mo tshimong e e tletseng bojang . Diphokoje tse dinnye tse di nang le ditsebe tsa bommamathwane di tshameka kwa ntle ga lesaka la tsone kwa Naboisho Conservancy, kwa Kenya, fela kafa ntle ga Lefelo la Bosetšhaba la Maasai Mara [[Setshwantsho:Baby bat-eared fox.jpg|thumb|Diphokoje tse dinnye tse di nang le ditsebe tsa bommamathwane di tshameka kwa ntle ga lesaka la tsone kwa Naboisho Conservancy, kwa Kenya, fela kafa ntle ga Lefelo la Bosetšhaba la Maasai Mara]] Phokoje e e nang le ditsebe tsa mmamanthwane e nna le mosadi a le mongwe fela mo setšhabeng,[34] le fa e lemogilwe mo ditlhopheng tsa basadi ba le bantsi.[20] Go farologana le di-canid tse dingwe, phokoje ya ditsebe tsa bat e na le phetogo mo ditirong tsa botsadi, ka e tonanyana e tsaya bontsi jwa maitsholo a tlhokomelo ya botsadi. Boimana bo tsaya malatsi a le 60-70 mme tse di namagadi di tsala di-litters tse di nang le dintšanyana di le nngwe go ya go di le thataro. Mo godimo ga go amusa, go go tsayang dibeke di le 14 go ya go di le 15,[4] tse ditonanyana di tsaya maikarabelo a go tlhokomela, go sireletsa, go hupa, go tlhokomela, le go rwala bana fa gare ga mafelo a dikhuti. Mo godimo ga moo, dikelo tsa tlhokomelo ya banna le tsa go nna teng ga lesaka di bontshitswe di na le kamano e e tlhamaletseng le dikelo tsa go falola ga dintšanyana.[35] E namagadi e batla dijo, tse e di dirisang go tshegetsa tlhagiso ya mashi, tse dintšanyana di ikaegileng thata ka tsone. Dijo tse di fupiwang ke namagadi ga di busediwe kwa dintšanyaneng kgotsa di busediwa morago go fepa dintšanyana.[4] Dipotsanyane tsa kgaolo ya Kalahari di tsholwa ka Lwetse–Ngwanaitseele mme tse di mo kgaolong ya Botswana di tsholwa ka Diphalane–Sedimonthole. Diphokoje tse dinnye tse di nang le ditsebe tsa bommamathwane di phatlalala mme di tlogele ditlhopha tsa malapa a tsona fa di le dikgwedi di le 5–6 mme di fitlhelele bogolo jwa thobalano fa di le dikgwedi di le 8–9.[4] Diphokoje tsa ditsebe tsa bat di kwadilwe di fitlhelela dingwaga tse di fetang 14 go ya go 17 tsa botshelo fa di le mo botshwarong,[26][36] le go fitlha go dingwaga di le 9 kwa nageng.[20] == Matshosetsi le tirisanommogo ya batho == Ga go na matshosetsi a magolo mo ditlhopheng tsa diphokoje tsa ditsebe tsa bommamathwane, le fa go tsoma, malwetse le komelelo di ka tshosetsa batho ka bongwe le go fokotsa palo ya diphokoje mo pakeng e khutshwane.[3] Malwetse a a amang phokoje e e nang le ditsebe tsa bommamathwane a akaretsa bolwetse jwa dintša, parvovirus ya dintša, le bolwetse jwa segajaja.[22] Dibatana tse di jang phokoje ya ditsebe tsa bat ke diamusi tse dikgolo tse di jang nama, mme gape di bolawa ke diphologolo tse dikgolo tse di jang nama le Central rock python. Diphokoje tse di nang le mokwatla o montsho di tshosetsa thata diphokoje tse dinnye tse di nang le ditsebe tsa bommamathwane, fela mo mafelong a a tsalang, bagolo ba tla nna le maitsholo a go tlhorontsha batho go di leleka.[4] === Tshomarelo === Otocyon megalotis e tsewa e le mofuta o o sa tshwenyegeng thata ke Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Tshomarelo ya Tlhago le Setheo sa Bosetšhaba sa Mefutafuta ya Ditshedi sa Aforikaborwa.[22] Dikarolo dingwe tsa lefelo la yone ke mafelo a a sireleditsweng ka tshoganetso.[3] === Tiriso ya batho le botshwarwa === Phokoje wa ditsebe tsa bat o na le tiriso nngwe ya kgwebo mo bathong. Di botlhokwa mo taolong ya palo ya dintlhwa tsa harvester, ka ge dintlhwa di tsewa jaaka disenyi. Gape di tsometswe boboa jwa tsone ke batho ba naga ya Botswana.[4] Diphokoje tse di nang le ditsebe tsa bommamathwane tse di tshwerweng di teng kwa di-zoo kwa Amerika Bokone, Aforika Borwa, Yuropa le Asia.[3] == Metswedi == s68bbvuc6jic52rcd2x1k5872hy41jd 0 9311 52776 35414 2026-07-19T16:19:07Z MmaBaggio 11091 52776 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kebatshabile Lorato Disele''' ene ele [[Botswana|motswana]] wale polotiki. ke mosadi wa ntha go [[nna leloko la palamente]], go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bone gofitlhelela ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone. Ene ele moeteledipele watsa tsa se le gae gosimolola ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bone go fithelela ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone. == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Mme Disele o tsetswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bone .<ref name=":0">Raph Uwechue (1991) ''Africa Who's who'', p522</ref> O simolotswe dithuto tse diphotlana ko [[Kanye]] primary school, gosimolola ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bongwe,ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bongwe o ne a ya go tsweleditsa dithuto ko Tigerkloof institute ko South Africa, go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bobedi go fithelela ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borobabobedi.Erile ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borobabongwe .<ref name=":0" /> a nyalwa ke rre Kago Disele, ba segohadiwa ka bana bale bane.Ka bokhutswane o ne ele moruta bana ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bobedi, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bosupa go ya ko go sekete,masome a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bone<ref name=":0" /> ene ele mokwaledi. O ne a berekela lekalana la poso ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bone , ele modiri wa nakwana. Mme ka sebaka se sekhutswane a thapiwa e le moitsianape wa tsa madi go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le boratarogo fitlhelela ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bosupa. A tswelela ka maemo ao ga mmaposo gofitlhelela ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bobedi, a thatosiwa maemo go nna mothusa Rra poso<ref name=":0" />. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bone, wa dithopo mme Disele a nna mme wa bobedi go nna moemedi ko palamenteng, mo mosepeleng wa gagwe [[Gaositwe K.T. Chiepe]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210520204502/https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php/about-parliament/history History of Parliament] Parliament of Botswana</ref> Leloko la mokgatlho wa sepolotikiwa [[Botswana democratic]] , o ne a thopiwa gape ka ngwaga wa [[1979]], a sena go fiwa maemo a moeteledipele wa lephata la tsa selegae<ref>[https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php/files/37/New-category/489/ROAD-TO-BOTSWANA-PARLIAMENT-.pdf The road to Botswana Parliament: Botswana general elections (1965–2009)] Parliament of Botswana</ref>. One a tswelela ka maemo a bo palamente le maemo a sele gae go fitlhelela ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone,O ne a emela ditlhopo mo [[ngwaketse Borwa]] mo dithopong tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone, a bo a latlhegelwa kgatlhanong le moemedi wa [[Botswana National Front]]<ref>[https://web.stanford.edu/group/tomzgroup/pmwiki/uploads/3031-1985-03-KS-a-DIR.pdf Elections-Foreign relations-Devaluations-Budgets] Keesings</ref>. == References == 0dzo0aq105tdux7qo4xa19gmin2bdgz 0 9506 52777 35917 2026-07-19T16:41:12Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA ke feleleditse tsebe ya Philda Kereng 52777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Philda Kereng|office=Mokomisinara yo Mogolo wa Repaboliki ya Botswana kwa Repaboliking ya Nigeria|president=[[Duma Boko|Advocate Duma Gideon Boko]]|termstart2=2024|birth_date={{birth date and age|1970|03|17|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Ramotswa, Botswana]]|children=3|education=B.A, sociology and public administration, M.A, sociology of development}} [[:en:Philda_Kereng|Philda Kereng]] ke lepolotiki mo [[Botswana]]. O  dira ele moemedi wa lefatshe la Botswana kwa [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]]. Setlha sa gagwe se simologile ka kgwedi ya Firikgong e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mararo ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone.<ref>https://thepanafrikanist.com/philda-nani-kereng-appointed-botswanas-high-commissioner-to-nigeria/</ref> Pele ga moo o berekile ele Mothusa Tona  wa Lephata la  Puso Selegae  le Ditlhabololo tsa Metse/ Magae, mo [[Botswana]] morago gago tsenngwa mo maemong ao ke tautona wa nako eno rre [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]] ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe.<ref>[https://www.govpage.co.za/botswana-government-ministries.html Botswana Government Ministries]". ''www.govpage.co.za''. Retrieved 2023-12-13.</ref> <ref>[http://www.botswana.se/News/CABINET-APPOINTMENTS Republic of Botswana ♦ Embassy in Stockholm, Sweden] ♦". ''www.botswana.se''. Retrieved 2023-12-13</ref>Setlha sa gagwe mo maemong a, se simologile ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e tlhola malatsi ale lesome le boraro ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi. == Botshelo le thuto == Kereng o belegwe ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le lesome le bosupa,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa kwa Ramotswa, Botswana. O ne a amogela dikirii ya Bachelor of Arts mo Sociology le Public Administration go tswa kwa sekolong sa Madikolo sa Botswana ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe, o ne a bona Master of Arts in Sociology of Development kwa University of Essex kwa United Kingdom. Mo tirong ya gagwe yotlhe, o tsere karolo mo mananeong a a farologaneng a katiso ya seporofešenale, a tsepamisitse mogopolo mo pusong, tlhabololo ya metseselegae, tsamaiso ya tikologo le tshekatsheko ya melao. <ref>r. "[https://institutetourism.com/kereng/ Phildah Kereng"]. ''Institute of Tourism''. Retrieved 2025-03-26.</ref><ref>[https://itic.uk/hon-philda-nani-kereng/ Hon. Philda Nani Kereng | The International Tourism & Investment Conference (ITIC – www.itic.uk)".] ''itic.uk''. Retrieved 2025-03-26.</ref> == Tiro == === Tiro ya gagwe ya pele === Pele a tsena mo dipolotiking, Kereng o ne a dira thata mo tlhabololong ya loago, a dira ka tshireletso ya bana, maatlafatso ya ikonomi ya setšhaba, le tswelelopele ya tikologo. O ne a dira jaaka Child Protection Officer kwa UNICEF le moofisiri wa porojeke kwa Action for Economic Empowerment Trust (AEET). O ne gape a dira jaaka mogakolodi, a neela ka bokgoni jwa gagwe mo tlhabololong ya pholisi le togamaano ya setšhaba. == Tiro ya sepolotiki == Kereng o tsene mo dipolotiking ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe fa a ne a tlhophiwa go nna Leloko la Palamente le le Tlhophilweng ka Tsela e e Kgethegileng, mme morago a tlhophiwa go nna Tona ya Tikologo le Bojanala, maemo a a neng a a tshwere go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone. Ka nako ya gagwe, o ne a etelela pele Botswana's lephata la bojanala go itshokelana le go fola morago ga COVID-19, o ne a tlhabolola Leano la Bojanala la naga, Leano la Tlhabololo le Leano la Tona, mme a nna le seabe se segolo mo tlhabololong ya Botswana's Diphetogo tsa tlelaemete le Melawana ya Tsamaiso ya Matlakala. Maiteko a gagwe a ne a thusa gore Botswana e tsewe e le lefelo le le itsegeng thata la bojanala mo Afrika. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Moemedi-mogolo kwa Nigeria, a emela dikgatlhego tsa Botswana tsa sedipolomate le go nonotsha dikamano tsa dinaga tse pedi le dinaga tsa Afrika Bophirima. == Go buelela == Kereng o ntse a le matlhagatlhaga mo maitlhomong a a tshegetsang bojanala jo bo ikaegileng ka setšhaba, tlhabololo e e tshwarelelang le maatlafatso ya ikonomi. O dirile le baagi ba kwa magaeng go tlhabolola diporojeke tsa bojanala jwa tikologo mme e bile mmueledi yo o tiileng wa maatlafatso ya basadi le baša. Dipholisi tsa gagwe di tsepamisitse mo go tokafatseng seabe sa selegae mo indasetering ya bojanala ya Botswana fa go ntse go netefadiwa tshomarelo ya tikologo.<ref>Whande, Don-Martin (2021-09-17). [https://www.sundaystandard.info/kereng-finalises-waste-management-policy/ "Kereng finalises Waste Management Policy | Sunday Standard"]. Retrieved 2025-03-26.</ref> Kereng e nnile lentswe le le matlhagatlhaga mo diforamong tsa boditšhabatšhaba tsa bojanala le tlhabololo e e tswelelang. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro, o ne a dira jaaka morutisi wa moeng kwa Yunibesithing ya Oxford mme a bua le Palamente ya UK's House of Lords ka ga dikgang tsa tshomarelo. Boitseanape jwa gagwe mo go bueleleng dipholisi bo mo dirile motho wa botlhokwa mo dipuisanong ka ga go itshokelana ga bojanala le go fetofetoga ga tlelaemete mo Aforika.<ref>[https://www.undp.org/botswana/speeches/speech-minister-environment-natural-resources-conservation-and-tourism-honorable-ms-philda-kereng-occassion-launch-environmental "Speech by the Minister of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism Honorable Ms Philda Kereng on the Occassion &#x5B;sic&#x5D; of the Launch of Environmental Projects"]. ''UNDP''. Retrieved 2025-03-26.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Kereng ke Mokeresete yo o ineetseng e bile ke mmè wa bana ba le bararo. O rata go bua ka go rotloetsa, go katisa botshelo, le go katisa basadi le bagwebi ba baša ka ga bokgoni jwa botshelo, tlhabololo ya botho, kgwebisano, le tlhabololo ya boeteledipele. O tsweletse go buelela ditsamaiso tse di tsweletseng le diphetogo tsa tlelaemete. <ref>Ramadubu, Dikarabo (2024-02-01). [https://guardiansun.co.bw/news/politics/i-do-not-have-any-worries-at-all-kereng "I do not have any worries at all - Kereng"]. ''Guardian Sun''. Retrieved 2025-03-26.</ref> == Dietsele le ditebogo == * Leadership Excellence Award (2021) – African Tourism Board * PYNE Leadership Award (2022) – Lagos, Nigeria * Leadership Award (2022) – Africa Tourism Leadership Forum * Destination Africa Lifetime Award (2023) – Africa Tourism Leadership Forum * Service Recognition Award (2023) – African Union == Metswedi == eoiidskoe6a91sipml2klyckh50p5n0 0 11815 52757 44628 2026-07-19T13:35:09Z Lucrucia98 12161 52757 wikitext text/x-wiki Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso di ne tsa tshwarwa mo [[Botswana]] ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le lesome le borataro ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe(1999), di bapisane le [[ditlhopho tsa selegae]]. Maduo e nnile phenyo ya borobabobedi ka go latelana ya lekoko le le busang la [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP), le le okeditseng bontsi jwa lone go nna manno a le masome a mararo le boraro mo go a le masome a mane a a tlhophilweng kwa [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|palamenteng ya bosetšhaba]]. == Lemorago == [[Patlomaikutlo ya phetolo ya ditlhopho]] ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robaogwe le bosupa (1997) e ne e dirile gore go tlhamiwe Khuduthamaga e ntšha e e Ikemetseng ya Ditlhopho (IEC), go fokodiwa ga dingwaga tsa go tlhopha go tswa go masome mabedi le motso go ya go lesome le borobabobedi, le go letla baagi ba kwa moseja go tlhopha.<ref>[http://africanelections.tripod.com/bw_2.html#1997_Referendum Elections in Botswana] African Elections Database</ref> Pele ga ditlhopho, Kokoano Bosetšhaba e ne ya phatlaladiwa kwa bokhutlong jwa kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe(1999).<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=8256 BOTSWANA: Parliament dissolved ahead of elections] IRIN, 26 July 1999</ref> Ka gonne batho ba ba kwa tlase ga sephatlo sa batlhophi ba ba ka nnang dikete tse makgolo a ferabobedi ba ba tshwanelegang ba ne ba ikwadisitse, go ne ga swetswa kwa bokhutlong jwa kgwedi Phukwi go simolola ikwadiso ya tlaleletso ya batlhophi.<ref name=":0">[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=8891 BOTSWANA: State of emergency defended] IRIN, 6 September 1999</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe a le masome mabedi le bosupa go ne ga begwa gore Tautona [[Festus Mogae]] o ne a beile letsatsi la ditlhopho go nna la bolesome le borataro la kgwedi ya Phalane.<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=8751 BOTSWANA: Election date set for 16 October] IRIN, 27 August 1999</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, go itsise letsatsi go ne ga dira gore ikwadiso ya tlaleletso ya batlhophi e se tlhole e dirwa<ref name=":0" /> ka gonne maina a batlhophi ba ba sa tswang go ikwadisa a ne a ise a phatlaladiwe gore a tlhatlhobiwe.<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=8930 BOTSWANA: State of emergency to be lifted] IRIN, 7 September 2008</ref> Ka ntlha ya seo, Mogae o ne a itsise maemo a tshoganyetso gore Kokoano Bosetšhaba e kgone go kopana gape go baakanya molao gore go letlelelwe go okediwa ga batho ba ka nna dikete tse masome marataro mo lenaaneng la batlhophi; e ne e le lantlha go goelediwa seemo sa tshoganyetso fa e sale lefatshe la Botswana le tsaya boipuso. Mmueledi wa lekgotla la ditlhopo la Botswana o tlhalositse seemo seo e le se "se tlwaelesegileng" mme a re letsatsi la ditlhopho le ka seke la fetolwa. Makoko a kganetso la [[Botswana Alliance Movement]] (BAM) le [[Botswana Congress Party]] (BCP) a ne nyatsa, le fa go ntse jalo, mme [[Lepetu Setshwaelo]] wa lekoko la pele o ne a tlhalosa seo jaaka "matlhabisa ditlhong a magolo go gaisa fa e sale re bona boipuso" mme a bitsa puso "e e senang bokgoni gotlhelele". BCP e rile maemo a tshoganyetso ga a tlhokege.<ref name=":0" /> == Letsholo == Lekoko le legolo la kganetso, Botswana National Front (BNF) le ne la kgaogana mo bogareng jwa ngwaga wa 1998 morago ga gore moeteledipele wa lekoko Kenneth Koma a sekegwe tiro ke komiti ya bogare ya lekoko, mme morago ga moo go sekegwa ga gagwe go menolwe ka katlholo ya kgotlatshekelo. Fa Koma a sena go boela mo boeteledipeleng jwa lekoko, o ne a tlhama komiti ya batlhokomedi go ntsha maloko a a neng a mo ganetsa. Maloko a a neng a sa akarediwe morago ga moo a ne a tsamaya go ya go bopa BCP, e e neng e akaretsa maloko a palamente a le lesome le motso mo go a le lesome le boraro a BNF le bontsi jwa makhai yanselara a yone a selegae.[6] Ka ntlha ya seo, moeteledipele wa BCP [[Michael Dingake]] o ne a emisetsa Koma jaaka Moeteledipele wa Kganetso.[6] Morago ga dipuisano tse di simolotseng kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998), BNF, United Action Party le makoko a mangwe a matlhano a kganetso a ne a dumalana go tlhama BAM ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1999). Le fa go ntse jalo, BNF e ne e dule mo kgolaganong kwa bokhutlong jwa kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1999) morago ga gore makoko a mangwe a gane go letlelela BNF go tlhomamisa bontlhopheng mo kgaolong nngwe le nngwe ya Alliance6'. Letsholo la ditlhopho le ne le le kwa tlase, mme le itebagantse le lehuma, letlhoko la ditiro, kabo ya khumo le leroborobo la AIDS mo lefatsheng leno. BDP e ne ya dira letsholo ka tsholofetso ya tsamaiso e e botlhale ya matlole, go farologanya madirelo le maiteko a go lwantsha bothata jwa AIDS. BNF e kgadile pholisi ya puso ya itsholelo, ba bolela fa e remeletse thata mo mafelong a ditoropo. BCP e ne ya bolela fa puso e ne e kgotsofetse thata, ka e ntse e le mo pusong go tloga ka bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro (1960).[7] == Maduo == == Metswedi == j05irls7cd30ww3x8k68j5gxnvdwvkx 0 11816 52758 44629 2026-07-19T13:40:22Z Lucrucia98 12161 52758 wikitext text/x-wiki Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso di ne tsa tshwarwa mo [[Botswana]] ka kgwedi ya Phalane a le lesome le boferabobedi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borobabongwe (1969), e le tsa ntlha fa e sa le go bona boipuso ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borataro (1966). Maduo a ne e le phenyo ya bobedi ka go latelana ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP), e e neng ya gapa manno a le masome mabedi le bone mo go a le masome mararo le motso a a neng a tlhophilwe,<ref>[[:en:Dieter_Nohlen|Dieter Nohlen]], Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999) ''Elections in Africa: A data handbook'', p113 ISBN 0-19-829645-2.</ref> go akaretsa le a le mararo a mo go one ba neng ba sena kganetso.<ref name=":0">[http://www.eisa.org.za/wep/bot1969election.htm Botswana: The October 1969 General Election] EISA</ref> == Letsholo == Palogotlhe ya bontlhopheng ba le masome a supa le bosupa ba ne ba tsenelela ditlhopho tseo. BDP e ne ya baya lenaane le le tletseng la bontlhopheng ba le masome mararo le motso, fa [[Botswana National Front]] e ne e na le ba le masome mabedi le motso, [[Botswana People's Party|Botswana People’s Party]] e ne e na le ba le lesome le botlhano, [[Botswana Independence Party]] e ne e na le ba le borobabongwe, mme gape go ne go na le ntlhopheng a le mongwe yo o ikemetseng ka nosi.<ref name=":0" /> [[Botswana National Front]] e tlhamilwe morago ga [[Ditlhopho tsa 1965 tsa Bechuanaland|ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano (1965)]], mme e ne e eteletswe pele ke [[Kenneth Koma]]. Le fa go ntse jalo, Koma o ne a khurumediwa ke [[Kgosi Bathoen Gaseitsiwe|Bathoen II]], kgosi e kgolo ya [[Bangwaketse]]. Bathoen o ne a tlogela setilo sa gagwe sa bogosi go nna tautona wa BNF, mme gape o ne a tlogetse tiro mo [[Ntlo ya Dikgosi]], e a neng a e tsaya e le e e senang maatla.<ref name=":0" /> E ne e le moeteledipele wa ntlha wa setso go tsenelela ditlhopho.<ref name=":0" /> == Maduo == == Metswedi == r7qvae3hn0g4k0oubuf0ljyy27x0d55 0 11817 52760 44630 2026-07-19T13:42:46Z Lucrucia98 12161 52760 wikitext text/x-wiki Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso di ne tsa tshwarwa mo [[Botswana]] ka kgwedi ya Phalane a le masome mabedi le borataro ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bone (1974). Ka batlhophi ba ba neng ba ikwadisitse ba le 205,050, palo ya batho ba ba neng ba tla go tlhopha e ne e le 31.22% fela.<ref>[http://www.eisa.org.za/wep/bot1974results.htm Botswana: 1974 National Assembly results] EISA</ref> Maduo a e nnile phenyo ya boraro ka tatelano ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP), e e neng ya gapa ditilo di le masome mabedi le bosupa mo go tse masome mararo le bobedi tse di tlhophilweng,<ref>[[:en:Dieter_Nohlen|Dieter Nohlen]], Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999) ''Elections in Africa: A data handbook'', p113 ISBN 0-19-829645-2.</ref> go akaretsa le tse nne tse mo go tsone ba neng ba se na kganetso.<ref name=":0">[https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/bot1974election.htm Botswana: The October 1974 General Election] EISA</ref> Ditlhopho tsa selegae di ne tsa tshwarwa ka lone letsatsi leo, ka batho ba ba neng ba tla go tlhopha ba le 30.3% fela, mme tsa bona BDP e nonotsha maemo a yone.<ref name=":0" /> == Letsholo == Palogotlhe ya bontlhopheng ba le masome marataro le boraro ba ne ba tsenelela ditlhopho tseo. BDP e ne e na le bontlhopheng ba le masome mararo le bobedi, [[Botswana National Front]] e ne e na le bontlhopheng ba le lesome le bone, [[Botswana People’s Party]] e ne e na le ba le borobabobedi, [[Botswana Independence Party]] e ne e na le ba le barataro, mme go ne go na le baikemedi ba le bararo.<ref name=":0" /> == Maduo == == Metswedi == lnx718wisfn2sfq9f2dyugk7iiqobyu 0 11819 52761 44635 2026-07-19T13:54:12Z Lucrucia98 12161 52761 wikitext text/x-wiki Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso di ne tsa tshwarwa mo [[Botswana]] ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone (1984).<ref>[[:en:Dieter_Nohlen|Dieter Nohlen]], Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999) ''Elections in Africa: A data handbook'', p109 ISBN 0-19-829645-2.</ref> Le fa maduo e ne e le phenyo ya botlhano ka go latelana ya Botswana Democratic Party, e e neng ya gapa manno a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe mo go a le masome mararo le bone a a neng a tlhophilwe, ditlhopho tseo di ne tsa bona lekoko la kganetso la [[Botswana National Front]] le bona dipoelo, la gapa manno ka bobedi mo motsemogolong wa [[Gaborone]] le go tsaya taolo ya makgotla otlhe a ditoropo kwa ntle ga ditlhopho tsa selegae tsa [[Selebi-Phikwe]].<ref name=":0">[https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/bot1984election.htm Botswana: The September 1984 General Election] EISA</ref> E ne e le ditlhopho tsa bofelo go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone ([[Ditlhopo tsa ngwaga wa 2004|2004)]] tse mo go tsone go neng go na le manno a a neng a sa gaisanelwe. == Kwa morago == Morago ga loso lwa ga Tautona [[Seretse Khama]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980), ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone (1984) e ne ya nna tsa ntlha go gaisanwa ka [[Quett Masire]] e le moeteledipele wa phathi ya BDP. == Tsamaiso ya ditlhopho == Maloko a le masome a le mararo le bone a a tlhophilweng a [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|Kokoano Bosetšhaba]] a tlhophilwe mo dikgaolong tsa leloko le le lengwe, e leng koketsego ya di le pedi go tswa mo [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 1979 (Botswana)|ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabongwe(1979)]]. Morago ga palobatho ya ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bongwe (1981), dikgaolo tsa botlhophi di ne tsa ralwa sesha mme [[Gaborone]] ya kgaoganngwa gabedi.<ref name=":0" /> == Letsholo == Palogotlhe ya bontlhopheng ba le masome a robabobedi le bobedi ba ne ba tsenelela ditlhopho tseo e le baemedi ba diphathi, mme phathi ya BDP e ne e le yone fela e e neng ya tsenelela dikgaolo tseo tsotlhe tse di masome a mararo le bone. [[Botswana National Front]] e ne ya taboga mo dikgaolong tsa botlhophi di le masome mabedi le bosupa, [[Botswana People's Party|Lekoko la Batho la Botswana]] mo go tse lesome le boraro, mme [[Botswana Independence Party|Lekoko la Boipuso la Botswana]] le [[Botswana Progressive Union]] mo dikgaolong tse nne.<ref name=":0" /> Letsholo le ne le lebisitswe mo dintlheng tsa itsholelo tse di amanang le ditlamorago tsa komelelo le kwelotlase ya itsholelo mo madirelong a ditaemane.<ref>[http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/BOTSWANA_1984_E.PDF Botswana] IPU</ref> == Maduo == == Metswedi == lkw443u91t17di75co6ic3q327mphvm 0 11820 52764 44637 2026-07-19T13:58:15Z Lucrucia98 12161 52764 wikitext text/x-wiki Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso di ne tsa tshwarwa mo Botswana ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le supa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1989), mmogo le [[ditlhopho tsa selegae]].<ref name=":0">[http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2041_89.htm Elections held in 1989] Inter-Parliamentary Union</ref> Maduo ao e nnile phenyo ya borataro ka go latelana ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP), e e neng ya gapa ditilo di le masome mararo le motso mo go tse masome mararo le bone tse di tlhophilweng.<ref>[[:en:Dieter_Nohlen|Dieter Nohlen]], Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999) ''Elections in Africa: A data handbook'', p113 ISBN 0-19-829645-2.</ref> Go tloga ka [[ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2019|ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019)]], ke la bofelo BDP e amogela ditlhopho tse di fetang 60% tsa ditlhopho tsa batho. == Kwa morago == [[Patlomaikutlo]] ya phetolo ya ditlhopho e ne e tshwerwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bosupa (1987), mme ya felela ka go tlhamiwa ga Motlhokomedi wa Ditlhopho, yo o neng a tla tlhomiwa ke puso. BDP le [[Botswana National Front]] (BNF) ka bobedi di tshwara ditlhopho tsa ntlha go tlhopha bontlhopheng.<ref name=":1">[https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/bot1989election.htm Botswana: The October 1989 General Election] EISA</ref> == Letsholo == BNF e ne ya tsena mo ditlhophong e sotlega ka ntlha ya go tlhoka tlhomamo; [[Kgosi Bathoen Gaseitsiwe|Bathoen Gaseitsiwe]] o ne a tlogela tiro ya gagwe jaaka moeteledipele wa lekoko ka ngwaga wa 1985 morago ga go nna tlhogo ya kgotlatshekelo ya boikuelo ya setso. Pele ga ditlhopho Bathoen o ne a kgala moeteledipele yo mosha wa lekoko [[Kenneth Koma]] ka ntlha ya melao ya gagwe ya letlhakore la molema, a rola tiro mo BNF mme a tlhoma lekoko la [[Botswana Freedom Party]] (BFP). BFP e ntšha e ne ya taboga jaaka lekoko la bosetšhaba le le le tshegetsang mmaraka o o gololesegileng.<ref name=":1" /> BDP e e busang e ne ya dira letsholo ka rekoto ya yone mo pusong go dikologa tlhabololo ya itsholelo le go tlhomama ga sepolotiki.<ref name=":0" /> Palogotlhe ya bontlhopheng ba le masome a robabongwe le bongwe ba ne ba tsenelela ditlhopho tseo, mme BDP e le yone fela e e neng ya tlhagisa bontlhopheng ba le masome a mararo le bone ba ba tletseng. BNF e ne ya tlhagisa bontlhopheng ba le masome mararo le motso, [[Botswana People's Party|Botswana People’s Party]] ba le lesome le motso, [[Botswana Independence Party|Lekoko la Botswana Boipuso]] ba ferabongwe, Botswana Freedom Party ba le babedi le Botswana Progressive Union le Botswana Liberal Party ka bobedi ba ne ba na le ntlhopheng a le mongwe.<ref name=":1" /> == Maduo == Lekoko la [[Botswana People's Party|Botswana People’s Party]] (BPP) le latlhegetswe ke setilo sa lone se le sengwe fela mme ga le kitla le boela le nna le boemedi kwa palamenteng go fitlha ka [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa 2024|ditlhopho tsa 2024]]. == Metswedi == nlvi2u0l02zzilqd5xktsd4wc70ebm4 0 14509 52755 2026-07-19T13:11:25Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Mascom 52755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company|name=Mascom|logo=Mascom_logo.png|image=Head-quaters, Tsholetsa house, Gaborone, Botswana 8.jpg|company_type=[[Privately held company|Private]]|industry={{Plainlist| *[[Telecommunications industry|Telecommunications]] *[[Mass media]] }}|founded={{Start date and age|df=y|1998|02|17}}|founder=[[Strive Masiyiwa]]|hq_location_city=[[Gaborone]]|hq_location=[[Gaborone]]|location_country=[[Botswana]]|area_served=[[Botswana]]|key_people={{Unbulleted list|Dzene Makhwade-Seboni ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])|Tobokani Rari ([[chairman]])|Lilly Sullivan ([[Chief information officer|CIO]])}}|products={{Plainlist| *[[Mobile phone]] *[[Digital television]] *[[Digital media]] *[[Internet of things|Internet]] *[[Telematics]] }}|owner={{Unbulleted list|[[Botswana Public Officers Pensions Fund]] (60%)|[[Econet Global|Econet Wireless]] (40%)}}|website={{URL|mascom.bw}}}} '''Mascom Wireless Proprietary Limited''', ke komponi ya tlhaeletsano ya megala ya [[Botswana]]. Ntlo-kgolo ya yone e kwa [[Gaborone]]. <ref>MGUNI, MBONGENI. [http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=80081&dir=2019/march/15 "Mmegi Online :: Intrigues build in Mascom takeover"]. ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 8 February 2021.</ref>E ne ya tlhomiwa kwa Gaborone, Botswana ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ele lesome le bosupa,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi. <ref>[https://www.mascom.bw/about-mascom-wirelesss/ About Mascom Wirelesss – Mascom | Number 1 Because of you".] Retrieved 8 February 2021.</ref> == Ditso == Komponi e ne ya fiwa teseletso ya ntlha ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le lesome le bouspa,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi. <ref>[http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/membership/portal/index.asp?Name=20079, Mascom Wireless Botswana (Pty) Ltd.]^{&#x5B;''permanent dead link''&#x5D;}, International Telecommunications Union, retrieved 5 July 2014</ref><ref>[http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=11901230 Company Overview of Mascom Wireless Botswana (Proprietary) Limited,] Bloomberg Businessweek, retrieved 5 July 2014</ref> E theilwe ke [[Strive Masiyiwa]].<ref>Nsehe, Mfonobong. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2019/04/28/zimbabwes-richest-man-strive-masiyiwa-to-take-botswana-mobile-operator-mascom-public/ "Zimbabwe's Richest Man Strive Masiyiwa To Take Botswana Mobile Operator, Mascom, Public"]. ''Forbes''. Retrieved 18 August 2020</ref> Go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro, Portugal Telecom e ne e na le seabe se se laolang mo khampaning.<ref>Gabotlale, Bester. [http://allafrica.com/stories/200409080750.html "Botswana: Over 60 Percent of Mascom Now Citizen Owned".] ''All Africa''. Retrieved 5 July 2014.</ref> <ref>[http://www.telecom.pt/InternetResource/PTSite/UK/Canais/Investidores/Pressrel/Noticias/arquivo/com07072003b.htm "Sale of PT'S Stake in Mascom".] ''telecom.pt''. Retrieved 5 July 2014.</ref>Ka ngwaga wa diketse tse pedi le botlhano, MTN Group e ne ya reka 44% ya Mascom ka madi a a kana ka $128 million. <ref>Chirara, Roadwin (27 October 2005). [https://www.thestandard.co.zw/2005/10/28/mtn-acquires-major-stake-in-mascom/ "MTN acquires major stake in Mascom".] ''The Standard''. Retrieved 23 July 2020.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro, Dzene Makhwade-Seboni o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Chief Operations Officer mme a nna CEO wa kompone ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe.<ref>Prikhodko, Anastasia (7 May 2020). [https://www.theceomagazine.com/executive-interviews/telecommunications/dzene-makhwade-seboni/ "Dzene Makhwade-Seboni, CEO of Mascom Wireless".] ''The CEO Magazine''. Retrieved 23 July 2020.</ref> E neelana ka kgaso e e anameng go gaisa mo Botswana, e fitlhelela 95% ya baagi.<ref>[https://www.mascom.bw/about-mascom-wirelesss/ About Mascom Wirelesss – Mascom | Number 1 Because of you".] Retrieved 25 May 2020.</ref> == Ditirelo == Internet Mascom e naya badirisi Internet ka EDGE, 3G, 4G le 4.5G, 4G wingle. Mascom gape e neelana ka tirelo ya inthanete ka FTTH (Fiber To The Home). Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le masome a mabedi le botlhano,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , Mascom e nnile mogala wa ntlha wa tlhaeletsano go tsenya 5G mo mafelong a le mane a a farologaneng go dikologa Gaborone. == Metswedi == sf7pzan7j1ft1ii1m7at2vpuuo3l56g 0 14510 52756 2026-07-19T13:24:25Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Dinomoro tsa Megala(Botswana) 52756 wikitext text/x-wiki Dinomoro tsa mogala tse di tlhomameng mo [[Botswana]] di boleele jwa dinomoro di le supa mo thulaganyong ya dinomoro tsa mogala tse di tswaletsweng, mme lefelo la lefelo le supiwa ka dinomoro tsa ntlha di le pedi kgotsa di le tharo, go raya gore ga go na dinomoro tsa lefelo. Naga e ne ya abelwa khoutu ya yone ya naga ke International Telecommunication Union, +267, kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1960.<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=IcVjAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Botswana%22 White Book]'', Volume 2, Part 1, International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee, [[:en:International_Telecommunication_Union|International Telecommunication Union,]] 1969, page 29</ref> == Diforomo tsa go leletsa == xx xxxxx kgotsa xxx xxxxx  - go leletsa mo Botswana +267 xx xxxxx kgotsa +267 xxx xxxxx  -  fa o leletsa go tswa kwa ntle ga Botswana Boleele jwa NSN ke dinomoro di le supa tsa mogala o o tlhomameng, le dinomoro di le robedi tsa mogala wa VoIP le mogala o o tsamayang. Go fitlha ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwele masome a robabongwe, megala e e yang Botswana e ne e ka dirwa go tswa mo Afrika Borwa ka go dirisa dinomoro tsa kgaolo tsa 0192.[ 2] == Metswedi == gvrxlsmtqdxabz719262sdrpiii66kx 0 14511 52759 2026-07-19T13:40:42Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Botswana kwa Metshamekong ya Diolimpiki 52759 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Botswana]] e kile ya nna le seabe mo [[Metshamekong ya Diolimpiki ya Selemo]] e le lesome le bobedi fa e sale e simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi . Lefatshe leno ga le ise e ko e nne le seabe mo [[Metshamekong ya Diolimpiki ya Mariga]]. Botswana e ne ya gapa metlele ya ntlha kw<ref name=":0">[https://www.topendsports.com/events/summer/countries/botswana.htm "Botswana at the Olympic Games"]. ''www.topendsports.com''. Retrieved 30 May 2024.</ref>a Diolimpiking tsa Selemo tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi ka [[Nijel Amos]] a bona selefera mo lebelong la dimetara tse makgolo a robabobedi. <ref>[https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/37600823/banned-runner-nijel-amos-sell-botswana-first-ever-olympic-medal "Banned runner to sell Botswana's first Olympic medal".] ''ESPN.com''. 11 May 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2024.</ref>Setlhopha sa banna sa 4 × 400 se ne sa gapa sekgele sa boronse kwa Metshamekong ya Di-Olympic ya Selemo ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi.<ref>[https://www.bnsc.co.bw/node/457 "4X400M RELAY TEAM (TOKYO 2020 BRONZE MEDALISTS) GETS REWARDED WITH HOUSING UNITS | Botswana National Sport Commission".] ''www.bnsc.co.bw''. Retrieved 30 May 2024.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone, motshameki [[Letsile Tebogo]] o ne a gapa seetsele sa gauta sa ntlha sa Botswana kwa metshamekong ya Olympic morago ga go fenya mo kgaisanong ya banna ya dimetara di le makgolo a mabedi, gape a nna Moaforika wa ntlha go gapa sekgele seo.<ref name=":1">[https://www.reuters.com/sports/olympics/athletics-botswanas-tebogo-wins-mens-200-metres-gold-2024-08-08/ "Athletics-Botswana's Tebogo becomes Africa's first 200m champion"]. Reuters. 8 August 2024.</ref> == Tshedimosetso ka metshameko ya Olimpiki == Mmogo le dinaga tse dingwe tsa Afrika, Botswana ga e ise e tsenele metshameko ya Diolimpiki tsa Mariga. <ref name=":0" /> === Diolimpiki tsa Selemo tsa 1980 === Botswana e ne ya simolola go tshameka kwa Diolimpiking tsa Selemo tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedikwa Moscow.<ref name=":1" /> Ba ne ba romela banna ba le supa mme go se na basadi go tsaya karolo mo metshamekong ya Diolimpiki tsa Selemo tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi.<ref>[https://www.olympedia.org/countries/BOT "Olympedia – Botswana (BOT)".] ''www.olympedia.org''. Retrieved 1 June 2024.</ref>Ba ne ba se ka ba gapa metlele o le mongwe kwa Metshamekong ya Diolimpiki ya Selemo ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi. <ref>[https://www.espn.com/olympics/summer/1980/medals/_/countryId/99 "Summer Olympics Medal Count - ESPN"]. ''ESPN.com''. Retrieved 30 May 2024.</ref> Baatlelete botlhe ba ne ba tsenela metshameko ya diatleletiki.<ref>[https://www.olympedia.org/countries/BOT/editions/20 "Olympedia – Botswana at the 1980 Summer Olympics".] ''www.olympedia.org''. Retrieved 1 June 2024.</ref> == Metswedi == dy5j8bjufwawl5b08zki7cakdqhv8fn 0 14512 52765 2026-07-19T14:02:06Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Serowe Borwa 52765 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Serowe Borwa''' ke setereke mo [[Kgaolong ya Bogare]] se emetswe ke Lesedi Lepetswe, MP wa BPF mo [[Kokoanong Bosetšhaba ya Botswana]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe. == Popego ya Kgaolo ya Botlhophi == Serowe Borwa e mo Kgaolong ya Bogare mme e akaretsa dikarolo tsa borwa tsa Serowe le metsana e e e dikologileng. Kgaolo e e ne e le lefelo le le nonofileng la BDP, go busetsa maloko a BDP go tswa mo ditlhophong tsa ntlha tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano go fitlha mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe , fa e ne e fenngwa ke [[BPF]]. Kgaolo e na le metse e e latelang:<ref>''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 Delimitation Commission Report]'' (PDF). 2022. pp.&#x20;46–48.</ref> Dikarolo tsa Serowe # Mabuo # Sehunou # Thabala # Mogorosi # Motshegaletau # Moiyabana == Metswedi == ko3rc7e7z5w893utp8vnquzvqqt67uy 0 14513 52767 2026-07-19T14:14:33Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Serowe Bophirima 52767 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Serowe Bophirima''' ke kgaolo ya botlhophi mo [[Kgaolong ya Bogare]] se emetswe ke Onalepelo Kedikilwe, MP wa BPF mo [[Kokoanong Bosetšhaba ya Botswana]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro. == Popego ya Kgaolo ya Botlhophi == Serowe Bophirima e mo Kgaolong ya Bogare mme e kwa magaeng, mme lefelo le legolo la bonno ke motse wa [[Serowe]]. Setlhopha se ke karolo ya ditulo tse tharo tsa histori tsa BDP tse di neng tsa fologela kwa BPF mme di ne di na le palo e e tlwaelegileng ya 76.7pp go ya kwa BPF.<ref>Seabo, Batlang; Nyenhuis, Robert (2021-11-23). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/abs/botswanas-2019-general-elections-a-referendum-on-general-ian-khama/025D7A45D5F26B1A8045E91529DCAAB5#access-block "Botswana's 2019 General Elections: A Referendum on General Ian Khama"]. ''African Studies Review''. '''64''' (4): 854–883. doi:10.1017/asr.2021.69. ISSN&#x20;0002-0206. S2CID&#x20;244539238.</ref> Phetogo eno e ne ya dirwa ke gore morafe wa [[Bangwato|BaNgwato]], o lelapa la ga Khama e leng lelapa la segosi, le nna mo kgaolong ya Serowe. Pele [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] a tswa mo BDP, batho ba ne ba tlhola ba tlhopha lekoko la gagwe ka bontsi. Le fa go ntse jalo, morago ga kgotlhang magareng ga Ian Khama le Tautona [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], Khama o ne a rotloetsa batho ba kgaolo ya Serowe go boutela BPF e e neng e sa tswa go tlhomiwa mme molaetsa o o ne wa utlwala thata mo baaging. Morwarragwe, Tshekedi Khama o ne a nna mo setilong mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe ka fa tlase ga folaga ya BPF, lekgetlho la ntlha mo tikologong ya gagwe a busetsa Mopalamente yo e seng wa BDP. <ref>Basimanebotlhe, Tsaone (2022-10-10). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/serowe-constituencies-vulnerable-as-bpf-rumpus-continues/news "Serowe constituencies vulnerable as BPF rumpus continues".] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 2023-06-16.</ref> Serowe Bophirima e ne e le kgaolo ya botlhophi ya Tautona wa bone wa Botswana, [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]], go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone go fitlha a nna Tautona ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi ka gore baporesitente ba ba ntseng ba le teng ba ne ba sa kgone go nna maloko a a tlhophilweng a Kokoano Bosetšhaba ka nako e le nngwe ka ntlha ya tlhabololo ya molaotheo e e neng e le teng go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bone. Setlhopha se ne se bidiwa Serowe Bokone Bophirima go tswa mo ditlhophong tsa sona tsa ntlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone fa e sale e bolokile leina la yona la ga jaana. Kgaolo e na le metse e e latelang:<ref>''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 DELIMITATION COMMISSION REPORT]'' (PDF). 2022. p.&#x20;46.</ref> Dikarolo tsa [[Serowe]] # [[Malatswai]] # [[Mmashoro]] # [[Dimajwe]] == Metswedi == n8am3inptp32io0lapu63zuml792jvw 0 14514 52768 2026-07-19T15:08:42Z Bridget Gaboalaswe 12938 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE E 52768 wikitext text/x-wiki Ashraf Ali Thanvi e ne e le mokanoki wa [[mokgatlho wa Deobandi]] yo e neng e le mongwe wa batho ba ba botlhokwa mo botshelong jwa sedumedi kwa [[Asia Borwa]] mme o santse a na le tlhotlheletso e kgolo. O ne a kwala dibuka tse dintsi tse di jaaka Amal e-Qurani, buka e e itsegeng thata e e nang le mereo e e theilweng mo [[Qur'an]] e e jaaka e e bakang go kgaogana le go se rate batho ba babedi. E ne e le sealogane sa Darul Uloom Deoband, ko a neng a ithuta Hanafi madhab le Sufism.O feletse a nna mongwe wa baithuti ba ba ka godimo a mokgatlho wa Deobandi. Morago ga dithuto tsa gagwe kwa sekolong sa boruti, o ne a fudugela kwa Kanpur a tloga a ya kwa Thana Bhawan ko a tlhokafaletseng teng. == Metswedi == 2o7dtk4e2tsdce1wwk33s0t7240kq9f 52773 52768 2026-07-19T15:43:31Z Bridget Gaboalaswe 12938 #Wikipedia25BW 52773 wikitext text/x-wiki Ashraf Ali Thanvi e ne e le mokanoki wa [[mokgatlho wa Deobandi]] yo e neng e le mongwe wa batho ba ba botlhokwa mo botshelong jwa sedumedi kwa [[Asia Borwa]] mme o santse a na le tlhotlheletso e kgolo.<ref>Naeem, Fuad (2009), "Thānvī, Mawlānā Ashraf ʿAlī", ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World'', Oxford University Press, ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-19-530513-5</bdi></ref> O ne a kwala dibuka tse dintsi tse di jaaka Amal e-Qurani, buka e e itsegeng thata e e nang le mereo e e theilweng mo [[Qur'an]] e e jaaka e e bakang go kgaogana le go se rate batho ba babedi.<ref>Thanvi, Ashraf. ''Amal e-Quran'' &#x5B;''Remedies from The Holy Qur'an''&#x5D;. pp.&nbsp;58–59.</ref> E ne e le sealogane sa [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], ko a neng a ithuta [[Hanafi madhab]] le [[Sufism]].O feletse a nna mongwe wa baithuti ba ba ka godimo a mokgatlho wa Deobandi.<ref>Belhaj, Abdessamad (2014), "Thānvī, Ashraf ʿAlī", ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science and Technology in Islam'', Oxford University Press, ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-19-981257-8</bdi></ref> Morago ga dithuto tsa gagwe kwa sekolong sa boruti, o ne a fudugela kwa [[Kajuru Castle|Kanpur]] a tloga a ya kwa Thana Bhawan ko a tlhokafaletseng teng. == Metswedi == gp0begwj6x19dbtad69ln1yv1gjxpn2 0 14515 52769 2026-07-19T15:14:01Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Boteti Botlhaba 52769 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boteti Botlhaba''' ke kgaolo e e mo [[Bogareng]] e emetswe ke Keoagile Atamelang, Mopalamente wa UDC mo [[Kokoanong Bosetšhaba ya Botswana]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone. == Kgaolo ya Botlhophi == Boteti Botlhaba e tlhamilwe go tswa mo botlhopheng jwa pele jwa Boteti pele ga ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone. E ne ya ganetsanwa jaaka Boteti Borwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe, pele e ganetsanwa jaaka Boteti Botlhaba go tswa mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone go ya pele. Setlhopha sa ditlhopho se kwa Kgaolong ya Bogare mme se tsepame mo [[Letlhakane]].<ref name=":0">''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 Delimitation Commission Report]'' (PDF). 2022. p.&#x20;51.</ref> Kgaolo e na le metse e e latelang:<ref name=":0" /> # [[Letlhakane]] # [[Mmatshumo]] # Khwee # Makgaba # Mokubilo # Mmea # Mosu == Metswedi == cjug23alqb4ccuco47zj6ewuhx4ubir 0 14516 52770 2026-07-19T15:22:53Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Boteti Bophirima 52770 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boteti Bophirima''' ke kgaolo mo [[Kgaolong ya Bogare]] e emetswe ke Sam Digwa, Mopalamente wa UDC mo [[Kokoanong Bosetšhaba ya Botswana]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone. == Kgaolo ya Botlhophi == Boteti Bophirima e tlhamilwe go tswa mo botlhopheng jwa pele jwa [[Boteti]] pele ga ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone. E ne ya ganetswa jaaka '''Boteti''' '''Bokone''' ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe, pele e ganetswa jaaka Boteti Bophirima go tswa mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone go ya pele. Setlhopha se se mo Kgaolong ya Bogare mme se akaretsa [[Orapa|Orapa,]] [[Mopipi]], [[Rakops]] le metsana e e mo tikologong. <ref name=":0">''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 Delimitation Commission Report]'' (PDF). 2022. p.&#x20;53.</ref> Kgaolo e na le metse e e latelang:<ref name=":0" /> # [[Orapa]] # [[Mopipi]] # [[Xhumo]] # [[Rakops]] # Xere # Kedia # Toromoja # Motopi # Moreomaoto # Mokoboxane # Mmadikola # Makalamabedi == Metswedi == lnifmvwdbhwgb4hq07a0xzbefjxa3nl 0 14517 52772 2026-07-19T15:38:23Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Kgatleng Central 52772 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kgatleng Central''' ke kgaolo ya Kgatleng e emetswe mo [[Kokoanong Bosetšhaba ya Botswana]] ke Mpho Morolong wa UDC. Morago ga go wediwa ga 2022 Delimitation of Parliamentary constituencies, setilo se ne sa ganetsanwa la ntlha kwa ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone.<ref name=":0">''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 DELIMITATION COMMISSION REPORT]'' (PDF). 2022. pp.&#x20;56–57.</ref> == Kgaolo ya Botlhophi == Toropokgolo e bogolosegolo e kwa magaeng mme e akaretsa mafelo a a latelang:<ref name=":0" /> Dikarolo tsa [[Mochudi]] [[Malolwane|Malotwana]] == Metswedi == 15oqpqxigyplxl8yeq2iqnjeybhpm6w 0 14518 52774 2026-07-19T15:54:44Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Kgatleng Botlhaba 52774 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kgatleng Botlhaba''' ke kgaolo ya Botlhophi ya Kgaolo ya Kgatleng e e emetsweng ke Mabuse Pule, MP wa BDP mo National Assembly ya Botswana go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe. == Kgaolo ya Botlhophi == Kgatleng Botlhaba e tlhamilwe go tswa mo Kgaolong ya Mochudi pele ga ditlhopho tsa Kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone. Ene e le Mochudi Botlhaba mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone le tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe,pele ga e nna Kgatleng Botlhaba gape go tswa mo ditlhophong tsa Kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone go ya pele Setlhopha se se mo Kgaolong ya Kgatleng mme se akaretsa dikarolo tsa botlhaba tsa [[Mochudi]] le metsana e e mo tikologong. Kgaolo e na le metse e e latelang:<ref>''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 Delimitation Commission Report]'' (PDF). 2022. pp.&#x20;56–57.</ref> # [[Malolwane]] # [[Oodi]] # [[Modipane]] # [[Sikwane]] # [[Mmathubudukwane]] # [[Ramonaka]] # Ramotlabaki # Lefelo la Oliphant's Drift # [[Mabalane, Botswana|Mabalane]] # [[Dikwididi]] # Karolo ya [[Mochudi]] == Metswedi == d60o498urszncimz2hs556ufy6brs9d 0 14519 52775 2026-07-19T16:09:05Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Kgatleng Bophirima 52775 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kgatleng Bophirima''' ke kgaolo ya Botlhophi mo Kgaolong ya Kgatleng se emetswe ke Unity Dow, Mopalamente wa BCP mo Kokoanong Bosetšhaba ya Botswana go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone . == Kgaolo ya Botlhophi == Kgatleng Bophirima e tlhamilwe go tswa mo kgaolong ya pele ya Mochudi pele ga ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone. E ne ya ganetswa jaaka Mochudi Bophirima mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone le tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe , pele e ka ganetswa gape jaaka Kgatleng Bophirima go tloga ka ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone go ya pele. Kgaolo e na le metse e e latelang:<ref>''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 Delimitation Commission Report]'' (PDF). 2022. p.&#x20;57.</ref> # [[Bokaa]] # Dikgonnye # Khurutshe # [[Morwa]] # Bodungwane # Artesia # [[Pilane]] # [[Rasesa]] # Leshibitse # Kgomodiatshaba # Karolo ya [[Mochudi]] == Metswedi == 545m4082h19d6ebuqm50ycz652vso44 0 14520 52778 2026-07-19T17:25:37Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA ROSE SERETSE 52778 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rose Seretse''' ke CEO wa [[Botswana Energy Regulatory Authory|Botswana Energy Regulatory Authority]]. O kile a nna Director General wa Botswana Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa . O ne a emela Botswana kwa mafatsheng a sele ka maiteko a go lwantsha borukuthi. == Thuto == Rose Seretse o na le dikerii ya Masters in Public Administration go tswa kwa Yunibesithing ya [[Botswana]]. <ref name=":0">Gasennelwe, Utlwanang (6 September 2017). [https://www.weekendpost.co.bw/20627/news/dcec-reshuffle-pushes-out-rose-seretse/ "DCEC reshuffle pushes out Rose Seretse".] ''Weekend Post''. Retrieved 29 March 2021.</ref>O na gape le dikerii ya Bachelor of Construction Engineering and Management <ref name=":0" /> go tswa kwa [[Ferris State University]] kwa [[United States of America|United States]]. == Tiro ya botshelo jotlhe == O simolotse tiro ya gagwe jaaka Senior Technical Officer kwa Kgalagadi District Council le kwa Lobatse Town Council. O ne a tsenela Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa,<ref name=":0" /> kwa a simolotseng go dira thata mo thibelong ya bobodu mo indasetering ya dikago. Moragonyana o ne a fudugela kwa lefapheng la thuto ya setšhaba mo Lefapheng la Botsamaisi. Tiro ya gagwe e ne e le go ruta batho ka bosula jwa tlolomolao le go dira gore ba mo eme nokeng. O ne a tswa mo lephateng la thuto mme a ya kwa lephateng la Human Resource and Administration koo a neng a ikarabelela mo lephateng la tsamaiso ya Lefapha. O ne gape a sutisediwa kwa lephateng la go tokafatsa tiragatso, kgotsa Performance Management System (PMS), koo a neng a rulaganya ditiro tsa go tokafatsa tiragatso tsa Directorate on Corruption. O ne a tlhophiwa go nna motlatsa-motsamaisi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa mme a nna Mokaedi Kakaretso ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe.<ref name=":0" /> Seretse ke ntsalae ka lenyalo le Ramadeluka Seretse, ntsalae wa moporesidente wa maloba [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]].<ref>Staff Reporter (2 November 2012). [https://mg.co.za/article/2012-11-02-00-khama-inc-all-the-presidents-family-friends-and-close-colleagues/ "Khama Inc: All the president's family, friends and close colleagues"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. Retrieved 29 March 2021.</ref> <ref>[https://venturesafrica.com/what-is-the-cost-of-nepotism-across-africa/ "What is the cost of nepotism across Africa?".] ''Venture Africa''. 6 July 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2021.</ref>Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bouspa, Seretse o ne a tlosiwa mo maemong a gagwe jaaka Mokaedi Kakaretso kwa DCEC mme a fetisediwa kwa Bothating jwa Taolo ya Maatla a Botswana (BERA). Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi, o ne a fiwa sekgele ke Rt. Moratwe. Patricia Scotland QC, Mokwaledi Kakaretso wa Commonwealth, mo boemong jwa Bokwaledi jwa Commonwealth, ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe ya Commonwealth Africa Anti-Corruption Centre.<ref>Staff Reporter (12 June 2018). [http://www.gpweekly.com/news/commonwealth-scretariat-confers-a-prestigious-award-to-bera-ceo "Commonwealth Scretariat confers a prestigious award to BERA CEO"]. ''Global Post''. Retrieved 29 March 2021.</ref>Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe, BERA e ne ya batlisisetswa ditiro tsa yona tsa madi, mme go tlhomiwa ga Sereste le gone go ne ga batlisisiwa.<ref>Tsimane, Edgar (29 July 2019). [https://www.sundaystandard.info/the-bloom-is-off-the-rose-as-bera-unravels/ "The bloom is off the Rose as BERA unravels".] ''The Sunday Standard''. Retrieved 29 March 2021.</ref> == Dietsele == {{Infobox officeholder|name=Rose Seretse|birth_place=Botswana|education=Bachelor of Construction Engineering and Management; Master of Public Administration|occupation=Public administrator|awards=Africa’s Most Influential Woman (CEO Global, 2017); Commonwealth Secretariat Recognition (2018); Presidential Honour Award (2018)|alma_mater=Ferris State University; University of Botswana|known_for=Anti-corruption initiatives and public sector leadership}} * Outstanding student Award – Ferris State University * Sigma Lambda Chi * Long service Good Conduct * Certificate of Appreciation by the International Law Enforcement Academy * Africa’ Most Influential Woman – CEO Global 2017 * Commonwealth Secretariat Recognition 2018 * Presidential Honour award on 29 September 2018 == Kemedi ko mafatsheng a sele == * Accountability in Government and Business – Washington, D.C. * Fighting Corruption is a Journey – Oslo Norway * Corruption Prevention in the Workplace – Shanghai China * Effective Tools for fighting Corruption – Sweden * High Level Anti-Corruption Conference – Tanzania * Various Panel discussions internationally<ref name="Successful societies" /><ref name="PAW Africa" /> cd9k68ifr7rpt5ooq7hbyo6dlmgvjmi 0 14521 52779 2026-07-19T17:45:27Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Lethoko lwa metsi kwa Democratic Republic of the Congo 52779 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)''' e na le metsi a a phepa a mantsi go a gaisa otlhe mo Afrika, e na le bothata jo bogolo jwa go tlhaela ga metsi a a nowang. DRC e na le nngwe ya dipalo tse di kwa tlase thata tsa go nna le metsi a a phepa a a nowang mo Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara le mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Ke fela 46% ya baagi ba ba neng ba kgona go bona metsi a a nowang ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012).<ref name=":0">[https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2015/sdn1511tn.pdf "Issues in managing water challenges and policy instruments: Regional perspectives and case studies"] (PDF). International Monetary Fund. 2015.</ref>Go feta moo, kgaso ya kgeleloleswe e ne e lekanyeditswe go 31% fela ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012).<ref name=":1">[http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo "UN Data. Democratic Republic of Congo".] Retrieved 2016-05-27.</ref>Tshedimosetso e e nepagetseng le e e mo nakong ka ga ditirelo tsa metsi le kgeleloleswe mo DRC e a tlhaela. Ka ntlha ya go se nne le metsi a a lekaneng le ditirelo tsa boitekanelo, banni ba le bantsi ba tshwerwe ke malwetse a a tshelanwang ke metsi, go akaretsa letshololo, letshoroma la lethatso le letshololo.<ref name=":2">Alliance, Global Water (2015-07-01). [https://globalwateralliance.wordpress.com/2015/07/01/lessons-from-the-drc-the-importance-of-water-infrastructure/ "Lessons from the DRC: The Importance of Water Infrastructure".] ''Global Water Alliance''. Retrieved 2016-05-23.</ref> == Lefelo la Democratic Republic of the Congo mo Afrika == Mathata a metsi a ga jaana ke ka ntlha ya go senyega ga mafaratlhatlha a metsi ka ntlha ya go se beele madi a mantsi mo lephateng la metsi le tshenyo e e amanang le dikgotlhang mmogo le kgolo e e bofefo ya baagi, e e neng e lekanyeditswe go nne lekgolong kwa mafelong a ditoropo le bobedi le sephato lekgolong kwa mafelong a magae ke Banka ya Lefatshe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009).<ref name=":3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200413185644/https://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/UNEP_DRC_water.pdf "Water Issues in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Challenges and Opportunities. Technical Report"] (PDF). United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-04-13.</ref> Ka kakaretso, kabo ya metsi le kgeleloleswe ya metsi ya DRC e tshwaetswa ke ditsamaiso tsa semmuso tse di sa tshwaneng le tse di thulanang.<ref name=":4">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100609135412/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADO929.pdf "Democratic Republic of the Congo. Water and Sanitation Profile" (]PDF). US Aid. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 9, 2010.</ref>Ka jalo, mathata a metsi kwa DRC a ka tlhalosiwa jaaka bothata jwa go tlhaela ga metsi mo ikonoming, go kgoreletsa tlhabololo mo nageng.<ref name=":4" />Karolo bo masome a mane le borobabobedi ya Molaotheo wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006) wa DRC e amogela tshwanelo ya motho ya go nna le metsi. Go tsosolosa le go tlhabolola lephata la metsi ke selo se se botlhokwa se puso ya bosetšhaba e itlamileng ka sona mo Ditogamaanong tsa Kgolo le Phokotso ya Lehuma le se e dumelaneng ka sona jaaka karolo ya letlhomeso la boditšhabatšhaba la Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo a Mileniamo a UN. <ref name=":5">[https://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/CSO-DRC-En.pdf "An AMCOW Country Status Overview. Water Supply and Sanitation in the Democratic Republic of Congo.No water. Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and Beyond"] (PDF). The World Bank. Water and Sanitation Program - Africa Region. 2011.</ref> === Metswedi ya metsi a a phepa le go tlamelwa ka metsi === DRC ke naga e e nang le metsi a mantsi go gaisa mo Afrika. E na le diperesente di le masome a matlhano le bobedi tsa metsi a a bolokilweng mo Afrika le diperesente di le masome a mabedi le boraro tsa metswedi ya metsi a a ntshwafaditsweng a Afrika. <ref name=":2" />Ditlamelo tsa metsi a a foreshe tse di ntšhwafatswang tsa ka fa gare ka motho a le mongwe di ne di lekanyeditswe go 14,406 m3/person/year ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008). <ref name=":3" />Boleng jono bo kwa godimo thata fa bo bapisiwa le selekanyo se se letleletsweng sa boditšhabatšhaba sa metsi a a lekaneng go ka nowa ke batho ba le sekete,la makgolo a supa ( 1 700 )ka ngwaga. DRC e na le palogare ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya pula e e ka nnang sekete, makgolo a matlhano le masome a mane le boraro (1,543) mm/ngwaga,<ref>[http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/cf/readPdf.html?f=COD-CF_eng.pdf "AQUASTAT Country Fact Sheet. Democratic Republic of the Congo"] (PDF). FAO. 2016.</ref>e e farologanang ka sebaka le nako (800 ⁇ 1,800 mm/ngwaga). Mo godimo ga moo, DRC e na le kgololosego e kgolo ya go dirisa metsi ka gonne diperesente di le masome a supa (70) tsa metsi a yone a a ntshiwang sesha a tswa mo go yone ka ntlha ya pula. Metswedi e mentsi ya metsi kwa DRC e golagane le sekgwa se se sephaphathi, se se akaretsang diheketara tse di fetang dimilione di le lekgolo le masome a matlhano le botlhano le sephato (155.5). <ref name=":4" /> Dinoka le matsha di dira mo e ka nnang diperesente di le tharo le sephato( 3,5) tsa naga ya DRC. Metswedi ya metsi ya DRC e laolwa ke Noka ya Congo le melatswana ya yone. Ka go elela ga metsi ka selekanyo sa dikete tse nne le bongwe (41 000 m3/s), Noka ya Congo e na le selekanyo sa metsi a a elelang sa bobedi se segolo mo lefatsheng. Noka ya Congo e na le diperesente di le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi tsa kgaolo ya naga eno mme e dira gore naga eno e nne le nngwe ya dinoka tse dikgolo go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng. Boleng jwa metsi a a fa godimo ka kakaretso bo siame thata, kwantle ga mafelo a a kgotletsweng thata a a mo ditoropong le gaufi le ditiro tsa meepo. Boleng jo bo kwa godimo jwa metsi ke ka ntlha ya bokgoni jo bo kwa godimo jwa go tlhotlhwa ga metsi a dinoka, le palo e e kwa tlase ya batho le go rena ga ditiro tsa batho tse di amanang le mofuta wa go itshedisa, tse di nang le tshusumetso e nnye fela mo tikologong.<ref name=":2" /> Go fopholediwa gore metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe a na le diperesente di ka nna masome a mane le bosupa tsa metsi a a ntshiwang sesha a a mo teng ga naga ya DRC. Metswedi e e mo dikgweng tse di kitlaneng ke yone e e nayang bontsi jwa batho metsi. Le fa go ntse jalo, ga go na tshedimosetso e e lekaneng malebana le selekanyo le boleng jwa metswedi ya metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe le metswedi ya metsi kwa DRC. Di-springhead tse di sa raraanang tse di nang le dikhurumelo gantsi di dirisiwa go tlamela metse e e phatlaletseng le mafelo a a gaufi le ditoropo ka metsi. Metsi a magolo a a tswang mo metsweding a dirisiwa mo ditoropong di le dintsi, go akaretsa le kwa Beni, Bunia, Lisala, Lubumbashi, Kisangani le Mbuji-Mayi. Metsi a a tswang mo didibeng tse di epilweng kwa tengteng a dirisiwa ke diperesente di le mmalwa fela tsa batho. Bontsi jwa didiba tseno tse di ka nnang sekete di ne tsa agiwa magareng ga dingwaga tsa bo sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro (1960) le bo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990) mme di ntsha metsi a a kana ka esome le botlhano go ya go 80 m3/h. Dibodu tsa pompo tsa seatla le tsa metšhini le dibodu tse di epilweng di dira diperesente di ka nna lesome tsa metsi a a nowang.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), go ne go sa ntse go na le batho ba ka nna milione ba ba sa kgoneng go bona metsi a a "tokafaditsweng". Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), 76% ya baagi ba ne ba kgona go bona motswedi wa metsi o o "tokafaditsweng", 96% le 40% kwa ditoropong le kwa magaeng, ka go latelana.<ref name=":2" /> === Tiriso ya metsi === Go gogiwa ga metsi ka motho go ne go lekanyeditswe go nna 7 m3/motho/ngwaga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014), se se supang fela selekanyo se sennye sa go dirisiwa ga metswedi ya metsi (ka fa tlase ga 1%).[ [1] Tiriso ya metsi ka motho kwa DRC e kwa tlase thata go na le kwa dinageng tse dintsi tse di omeletseng tsa Sahel, tse di itemogelang bothata jwa tlhaelo ya metsi. Metsi a dirisiwa thata mo malapeng, mme a dira diperesente di le masome a matlhano le bobedi tsa metsi otlhe a a gogiwang mo DRC. Temothuo e dirisa diperesente di le masome a mararo le bobedi tsa metsi otlhe a a tsewang, mme e latelwa ke madirelo ka diperesente di le 16. Go thaya ditlhapi, go dira motlakase ka metsi le go tsamaisa dikepe ke dilo tse dingwe tse di botlhokwa tse metsi a dirisediwang mo DRC, tse gantsi di sa akarediwang mo dipalopalong tsa tiriso ya metsi.<ref name=":4" /> Go lebeletswe gore go gogiwa ga metsi kwa DRC go tla oketsega thata ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025). Go solofetswe gore tiriso ya mo gae, temothuo le madirelo di tla gola ka makgolo a mane le masome a supa lekgolong, makgolo a mararo le masome a supa le botlhano lekgolong le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano lekgolong, ka go latelana. Le fa go ntse jalo, metsi a a tla dirisiwang ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025) a tla bo a sa ntse a dira diperesente di le 0,16 fela tsa metsi a a phepa a a ka ntšhafadiwang a DRC.<ref name=":4" /> === Sebopego sa lephata la metsi === Tlhabololo le tsosoloso ya lephata la metsi ke selo sa botlhokwa se puso ya bosetšhaba e itlamileng go se dira mo Ditokomaneng tsa Leano la Kgolo le Phokotso ya Lehuma (DSCRP I le DSCRP II) le se e dumalaneng ka sone jaaka karolo ya letlhomeso la boditšhabatšhaba la Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo a Mileniamo a lekgotla la Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng. Taolo ya lephata la metsi kwa DRC e bokoa mo kagong mme e lemogiwa ka ditshiamelo tsa ditheo tse di tshwanang le tse di thulanang. Bokgoni jwa tiragatso ke selo se segolo se se thibelang tlhabololo mo lephateng la metsi. Go ile ga ntshiwa madi a mantsi a thuso go tsosolosa mafaratlhatlha a go tlamelwa ka metsi, mme ka ntlha ya go sa dire sentle ga ditheo le tsamaiso, bokgoni jo bo bokoa mmogo le go tlhaela ga mafaratlhatlha a a tshegetsang, ditirelo tsa logistics le tsa ikonomi, go dirisiwa ga madi go ile ga fokotsega thata. Mo diporojekeng tsa setšhaba, ka kakaretso go dirisiwa ga madi a a beetsweng go kwa tlase ga diperesente di le masome a matlhano. Mo godimo ga moo, go tlhokega gore go dirwe dipeeletso tse dingwe tsa madi gore go nne le diphetogo tse di feletseng mo lephateng la metsi. === Letlhomeso la Setheo === Tsamaiso ya lephata la metsi kwa DRC e kgaogantswe ke mafapha le mekgatlho e le mmalwa. Lefapha la Togamaano le na le maikarabelo a go tlhama le go lekola Ditogamaano tsa Kgolo le Phokotso ya Lehuma. Ka fa tlase ga Komiti ya Bosetšhaba ya Metsi le Kgeleloleswe (CNAEA), e na le taolo ya tlhabololo ya pholisi le go lekola, go gokaganya mafapha le tirisanommogo le balekane ba tlhabololo mo lephateng la metsi.<ref name=":6">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160630010806/https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/4002.pdf "Sanitation and hygiene in developing countries: identifying and responding to barriers. A case study from the Democratic Republic of Congo"] (PDF). Tearfund. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-06-30.</ref>Setlamo sa puso sa REGIDESO se na le maikarabelo a go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa go tlamelwa ka metsi mo mafelong a ditoropo. E dira ka fa tlase ga taolo ya tsamaiso le ya ditšhelete ya Lefapha la Dithoto tsa Puso le ka fa tlase ga taolo ya setegeniki ya Lefapha la Dithoto tsa Motlakase. Tirelo ya bosetšhaba ya metsi ya kwa magaeng, SNHR, e ikarabela go Lefapha la Tlhabololo ya Metsemagae mme e na le maikarabelo a tlhabololo ya ditirelo tsa metsi a a nowang kwa magaeng le kwa metsesetoropong. <ref name=":2" />Lefapha la Boitekanelo jwa Setšhaba le lona le na le seabe mo lephateng la metsi a kwa magaeng ka mananeo a Villages Assainis le Écoles Assainies, a a tshegediwang ke UNICEF mme a diretswe go tsenyeletsa baagi ba kwa magaeng mo tlhabololong ya metsi a a nowang le ditirelo tsa boitekanelo.<ref>[http://www.unicef.org/wash/drcongo_62084.html "In DR Congo, a UNICEF programme is empowering communities to improve water and sanitation".] ''UNICEF''. Retrieved 2016-05-28.</ref> === Thuso ya boditšhabatšhaba le mekgatlho e e seng ya puso === Thuso ya boditšhabatšhaba e na le seabe sa botlhokwa mo go tlhabololeng lephata la metsi kwa DRC. Thuso ya boditšhabatšhaba e lekanyediwa go $62 million ka ngwaga e e tsamaelanang le 95% ya palogotlhe ya dipeeletso. <ref name=":2" />Diporojeke tse di tlamelwang ka matlole di lebagane thata le go fitlhelela Maitlhomo a Tlhabololo a Mileniamo a lekgotla la Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng le Maano a Bosetšhaba a go Fokotsa Lehuma. Dipoelo tsa boditšhabatšhaba di lebisitswe ka go lekana mo dikarolong tsa metsi tsa kwa ditoropong le tsa kwa magaeng. Mo mafelong a a gaufi le ditoropo le a magae, thuso ya boditšhabatšhaba e akaretsa mo e ka nnang dipeeletso tsotlhe.<ref name=":2" /> Jaaka karolo ya maiteko a namolo ya botho le ya tshoganyetso ka nako ya kgotlhang, mekgatlho ya boditšhabatšhaba le ya bosetšhaba e e seng ya puso e tlhomile diporojeke di le dintsi tsa tirelo ya tlamelo ya metsi mo DRC. Mekgatlho e e seng ya puso e tlamela ka ditirelo tse di botlhokwa tsa metsi kwa mafelong a a kgakala a a tlhokomologilweng ke maiteko a puso. Le fa go ntse jalo, gantsi ga di a rulaganngwa sentle mme di tsepamisitse mogopolo mo ditirong tse di diretsweng go tokafatsa tlamelo ya metsi ya selegae ka bonako, mme di tlhoka ditsamaiso tse di lekaneng tsa tsamaiso go tlhokomela mafaratlhatlha mo isagweng.<ref name=":4" /> === Diphetogo tsa lephata la metsi === Lephata la metsi le ntse le le mo thulaganyong e ntšhwa ya puso e e simolotseng ka thuso ya balekane ba tlhabololo ba boditšhabatšhaba ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006), segolo thata porojeke ya phetogo ya metsi ya Jeremane ya GIZ. <ref name=":4" />Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010), puso ya DRC e ne ya amogela Molao wa Metsi o o akaretsang o o lebisitsweng kwa maikemisetsong a tlhabololo ya bosetšhaba, o o tlamelang ka letlhomeso la molao la bosetšhaba la taolo ya metsi e e tswelelang. <ref name=":7">GmbH, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). [https://www.giz.de/en/worldwide/19928.html "Support to the water sector reform"]. ''www.giz.de''. Retrieved 2016-05-23.</ref>Tsamaiso e e Kopanetsweng ya Metswedi ya Metsi (IWRM) ke molaomotheo wa motheo o o tlhalositsweng mo Khoutšheng ya Metsi, o o ikaeletseng go tlhoma thulaganyo e e rulagantsweng go dumalanya dikgatlhego tsa baamegi ba ba farologaneng. Dikgopolo tsa botlhokwa di akaretsa tsamaiso ya go kgaoganya lefatshe ka dikgaolo go netefatsa tshireletso ya metswedi ya metsi a a nowang a a botlhokwa le dikgaolo tsa yone tsa metsi, molawana wa gore modirisi o a duela, molawana wa gore motlhotlheletsi o a duela, molawana wa go itshireletsa, molawana wa tshegetso le puisano ya setšhaba le ditherisano.<ref name=":4" /> Puso ya DRC gape e ne ya golola leano la tiro la go tlhabolola lephata la metsi a a nowang go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020). Maikaelelo a leano la tiro ke go tlhomamisa go tsenngwa tirisong ga tlhabololo ya lephata la metsi. Ka jalo, e thusa gape go golaganya ditsereganyo tsa baabi ba boditšhabatšhaba le go sireletsa tsela ya ditiro tsa bone go dikologa lenane la bosetšhaba la merero.<ref name=":7" /> Phetogo ya thulaganyo ya lephata la metsi ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya phetogo ya metsi. E akaretsa go emisediwa ga CNAEA ka Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Metsi, e e tla nnang le taolelo ya go etelela pele lephata lotlhe la metsi go ya ka mokgwa wa IWRM, go tlhomiwa ga Dikhansele tsa Metsi tsa Diporofense, Dikomiti tsa Metsi tsa Selegae le Mekgatlho ya Badirisi ba Metsi jaaka karolo ya mokgwa wa go dira gore go nne le taolo e e kwa tlase, le go tlhamiwa ga ditheo tse di ikarabelelang ka taolo ya metswedi ya metsi kwa maemong a dikhuti tsa metsi le a a kwa tlase ga dikhuti. Mo godimo ga moo, REGIDESO e tla fetolwa go nna kgwebo ya setšhaba ya kgwebo.<ref name=":4" /> Dikgang tsa konokono mo lephateng la metsi Ke 46% fela ya batho ba DRC ba ba neng ba na le metsi a a nowang ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012),<ref name=":5" /> fa go bapisiwa le palogare ya 60% kwa Sub-Saharan Africa.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012) go ne go akantswe gore go na le 31% fela ya mafelo a a nang le kgeleloleswe. Go tlhoka metsi a a phepa a a nowang le maemo a a sa siamang a boitekanelo go baka kotsi e kgolo mo boitekanelong jwa batho. Go swa ga bana ba ba kwa tlase ga dingwaga tse tlhano go ne go lekanyeditswe go 11.9% ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), fa go bapisiwa le 9.2% kwa Sub-Saharan Afrika, ka go anama thata ga malwetse a a tshelanwang ka metsi jaaka letshololo, kholera, letshololo le letshoroma la typhoid.<ref name=":0" /> Go na le pharologano e kgolo mo go nneng teng ga metsi a a nowang, ka 79% ya baagi ba kwa ditoropong ba na le metsi a a nowang fa go bapisiwa le 29% ya baagi ba kwa magaeng le ba kwa metsesetoropong. <ref name=":1" />Le fa go ntse jalo, mo mafelong a le mantsi a DRC, go nna le metsi a a bolokesegileng a go nwa go ne go le kwa tlase ga botlhano lekgolong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011).<ref name=":1" /> Seelo sa go fitlhelela ditirelo tse di tokafaditsweng tsa boitekanelo se kwa tlase thata, fela se a tshwana kwa ditoropong (33%) le kwa metseselegaeng (29%). <ref name=":0" />Dipeeletso tsa madi di sekametse thata kwa mafelong a ditoropo, ka 85% ya madi otlhe a a dirisitsweng go tlhabolola lephata la metsi a ditoropo, <ref name=":1" /> le fa palo ya batho ba kwa magaeng e ne e sa ntse e le 58% ya palogotlhe ya batho ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014). <ref name=":2" /> === Lefapha la metsi a ditoropo le a a dikologileng ditoropo === Le fa go nna le metsi a a bolokesegileng a go nwa go le kwa tlase thata kwa mafelong a magae go na le kwa mafelong a ditoropo kwa DRC, palo ya batho ba ba senang metsi e oketsega ka lebelo le le kwa godimo thata kwa mafelong a ditoropo ka ntlha ya koketsego ya baagi ka bonako. <ref name=":4" />Palogare ya koketsego ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya batho ba ba nnang mo ditoropong mo pakeng ya go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2010) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015) e ne e lekanyeditswe go nna 4%, fa e bapisiwa le koketsego ya baagi ba ba nnang mo metseselegaeng e e leng 1,9% mo mafelong a selegae. Palo ya batho ba ba nnang kwa ditoropong e lekanyediwa go 42%. Koketsego e e bofefo ya baagi mo mafelong a ditoropo e golaganngwa le go atologa ga ditoropo mme e baka mathata a magolo mo go tlhomeng mafaratlhatlha a a lekaneng a metsi. Metsi a mantsi a a fa gaufi le ditoropo a amiwa ke go atologa go go sa laolesegeng ga go agiwa ga matlo, temothuo le go tlamela ka dikgong.<ref>[http://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/water-issues-democratic-republic-congo-challenges-and-opportunities "Water Issues in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Challenges and Opportunities - Technical Report"]. ''ReliefWeb''. 2011-03-22. Retrieved 2016-05-27.</ref> Ditirelo tsa tlamelo ya metsi tsa REGIDESO di bogisiwa ke go senyega ga mafaratlhatlha a yona ka ntlha ya go tlhoka motlakase, go tlhoka dipeeletso tse dintšhwa le tlhokomelo.<ref name=":0" />Dingwaga tsa dikgotlhang tsa dibetsa, boeteledipele jo bo bokoa, puso e e bokoa, matlole a a koafetseng bogolo ka ntlha ya go sa duele dikoloto tsa metsi ke puso le pholisi e e sa dueleng ya ditheko, gammogo le tiragatso e e kwa morago ya REGIDESO e bakile maemo a a maswe a ditirelo tsa metsi a ditoropo.<ref name=":6" /> == Metswedi == r9wz63mkme4x1nmg0izbwxsnz3w8vl8 0 14522 52782 2026-07-19T18:21:44Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe Go fetoga ga naga sekaka 52782 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Go fetoga sekaka''' ke mofuta wa go senyega ga lefatshe ka iketlo go go tswang mo lefatsheng le le nonneng go nna sekaka se se omeletseng ka ntlha ya go kopana ga dithulaganyo tsa tlholego le ditiro tsa batho. Selo se segolo se se bakang go fetoga ga naga sekaka ke go nyelela ga bontsi jwa dimela. Seno se bakiwa ke dilo di le mmalwa, di le nosi kgotsa di kopane, tse di jaaka komelelo, go fetoga ga tlelaemete, go lema mmu ka ntlha ya temothuo, go fula thata le go rengwa ga dikgwa gore go dirwe lookwane kgotsa go dirisiwe dilo tsa go aga. Le fa dimela di na le seabe se segolo mo go tlhomeng popego ya mmu, dipatlisiso di bontshitse gore, mo mafelong a le mantsi, selekanyo sa kgogolego le kgogolego se fokotsega ka bonako fa dimela di oketsega. <ref>Geeson, Nichola; et&#x20;al. (2002). [https://books.google.com/books?id=G_0qg0f49GQC&pg=PA58 ''Mediterranean desertification: a mosaic of processes and responses''. John Wiley & Sons.] p.&#x20;58. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-470-84448-9</bdi>. Archived from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2016.</ref>Mabu a a omileng a a sa sireletswang a kgweediwa ke phefo kgotsa a gogolwa ke merwalela, a tlogela mmu o o sa ungweng o o kwa tlase o o besang mo letsatsing mme o fetoga pitsa e e thata e e sa ungweng. <ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/v0265e/v0265e01.htm "Sustainable development of drylands and combating desertification".] Archived from the original on 4 August 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2016.</ref> Bonnye jwa 90% ya baagi ba dinaga tse di omileng ba nna kwa dinageng tse di tlhabologang, koo gape ba bogang ka ntlha ya maemo a a sa siamang a ikonomi le a loago. Seemo se se gakadiwa ke go senyega ga lefatshe ka ntlha ya go fokotsega ga ntshokuno, maemo a botshelo a a sa tlhomamang le bothata jwa go fitlhelela metswedi le ditšhono.<ref>[https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/publications/The%20Global%20Drylands%20Initiative,%202001-09%20-%20Challenge%20Paper-%20Poverty%20and%20the%20Drylands.pdf Poverty and the Drylands] undp.org</ref> Mafelo a a amilweng thata ke leroborobo leno a fitlhelwa kwa Afrika (karolo ya Sahel), Asia (Lefelo la Sekaka la Gobi le Mongolia) le kwa dikarolong dingwe tsa Amerika Borwa. Dinaga tse di omileng di tsaya mo e ka nnang 40-41% ya lefatshe mme ke legae la batho ba ba fetang dibilione tse pedi . Ditlamorago tsa go fetoga sekaka di akaretsa sefefo sa motlhaba le lerole, go tlhoka tshireletsego ya dijo le lehuma.<ref>Carvalho, Keegan (3 December 2024). [https://earth.org/what-is-desertification/ "What Is Desertification? Causes, Effects, And Solutions".] ''Earth.Org''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Mekgwa ya go fokotsa kgotsa go busetsa morago kgogolego e akaretsa go tokafatsa boleng jwa mmu, go dira gore dikaka di nne tala, go laola mafulo le go jala ditlhare (go tsosolosa dikgwa le go di dira dikgwa).<ref>N.V, GREEN EARTH GROUP. [https://www.green.earth/desertification "Green Earth | How to combat desertification".] ''www.green.earth''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Go ralala hisetori ya thutafatshe, go nna teng ga dikaka go diragetse ka tlholego mo pakeng e telele ya nako.<ref>[https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/deserts/desertification/ "Desertification".] ''pubs.usgs.gov''. Retrieved 11 September 2023.</ref>Patlisiso ya segompieno ya go fetoga sekaka e tlhageletse go tswa mo patlisisong ya komelelo ya dingwaga tsa bo sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980) kwa [[Sahel]]. 11] == Ditlhaloso == Go fetoga ga naga sekaka ke selo se se diregang ka iketlo se se dirang gore mmu o omelele. Go fetoga ga naga sekaka go tlhalositswe mo mokwalong wa United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) jaaka "go senyega ga mmu mo dikgaolong tse di omeletseng, tse di omeletseng le tse di omileng tse di bongola tse di bakiwang ke mabaka a a farologaneng, go akaretsa go fetoga ga tlelaemete le ditiro tsa batho".<ref>Hulme, Mike; Kelly, Mick (1993). [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00139157.1993.9929106 "Exploring the links between Desertification and Climate Change".] ''Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development''. '''35''' (6): 4–45.</ref> Tlhaloso ya Sekaka  ⁇  Lefelo la lefatshe le pula le kapoko di leng kwa tlase thata mo go lone go na le mafelo a mangwe, koo palogare ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya pula e leng kwa tlase ga 25CM. Tlhaloso ya UNO (1995)  ⁇  Go senyega ga mmu mo mafelong a a kgakgabetseng, a a bongola le a a bongola ka ntlha ya phetogo ya tlelaemete le ditiro tsa batho go bidiwa go fetoga ga naga sekaka.<ref>[https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/desert "Desert"]. ''education.nationalgeographic.org''. Retrieved 23 June 2026</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005), go ne go na le kganetsano e kgolo ka ga tlhaloso e e maleba ya lefoko la sekaka ka ditlhaloso tse di fetang lekgolo tse di leng teng. 14] Se se amogetsweng thata ke sa Princeton University Dictionary se se se tlhalosang jaaka "tsela ya go fetoga ga lefatshe le le nonneng go nna sekaka gantsi ka ntlha ya go rengwa ga dikgwa, komelelo kgotsa temothuo e e sa siamang". Tlhaloso e e bontshitse ka phepafalo kamano ya go fetoga ga sekaka le ditiro tsa batho, segolo thata tiriso ya lefatshe le mekgwa ya go tsamaisa lefatshe. Gape e ne ya gatelela ditlamorago tsa ikonomi, tsa loago le tsa tikologo tse di bakwang ke go fetoga ga naga sekaka. Le fa go ntse jalo, go tlhaloganya ga ntlha ga gore go fetoga sekaka go ne go akaretsa go atologa ga dikaka go ne ga ganwa ka gonne kgopolo eno e ile ya fetoga go tloga ka nako eo.<ref>Rafferty, John P.; Pimm, Stuart L. (26 January 2023). "Desertification". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved 6 November 2019. <q>The concept does not refer to the physical expansion of existing deserts but rather to the various processes that threaten all dryland ecosystems.</q></ref> Gape go na le dikganetsano dingwe tse di malebana le go kgaoganya mefuta ya go fetoga sekaka, go akaretsa le go nna boammaaruri le go nna mosola ga mafoko a a jaaka "sekaka se se dirilweng ke motho" le "sekaka se se se nang mokgwa". == Mabaka == === Dilo tse di bakang seno === Selo se segolo se se bakang go fetoga ga naga sekaka ke go nyelela ga bontsi jwa dimela. Seno se bakiwa ke dilo di le mmalwa, di le nosi kgotsa di kopane, tse di jaaka komelelo, go fetoga ga tlelaemete, go lema mmu ka ntlha ya temothuo, go fula thata le go rengwa ga dikgwa gore go dirwe lookwane kgotsa go dirisiwe dilo tsa go aga. Le fa dimela di na le seabe se segolo mo go tlhomeng popego ya mmu, dipatlisiso di bontshitse gore, mo mafelong a le mantsi, selekanyo sa kgogolego le kgogolego se fokotsega ka bonako fa dimela di oketsega. Mabu a a omileng a a sa sireletswang a fokwa ke phefo kgotsa a tlhatswiwa ke merwalela, a tlogela mmu o o sa ungweng o o kwa tlase o o besang mo letsatsing mme o fetoga pitsa e e thata e e sa ungweng.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220414114519/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301420704000340 "Measurement of the scarcity of soil in agriculture"]. ''Resources Policy''. '''29''' (3–4). 1 September 2003. doi:10.1016/j.re. ISSN&#x20;0301-4207. Archived from the original on 14 April 2022.</ref> === Tlhotlheletso ya ditiro tsa batho === Dithuto tsa pele di ne tsa re sengwe sa dilo tse di tlholang go fetoga ga naga sekaka e ne e le go fula go feta selekanyo, go ja dimela go feta selekanyo ke dikgomo le diruiwa tse dingwe. 18] Le fa go ntse jalo, seabe sa go dirisiwa go feta tekano ga naga mo go kgweetseng go nna sekaka mo nakong e e fetileng se a ganetsanwa. [ 11] Komelelo mo kgaolong ya Sahel jaanong go akanngwa fa e le ka ntlha ya go fetofetoga ga dipula go go bakwang ke go fetofetoga ga themperetšha ya lewatle ka selekanyo se segolo, e e tlhotlhelediwang ke go fetofetoga ga tlholego le go ntshiwa ga aerosol (dikarolo tsa sulphate tse di bonalang) le digase tse di dirang gore go nne le moya o o tsididi.[ Ka ntlha ya seo, go fetoga ga themperetšha ya lewatle le go fokotsega ga disulfate go bakile go nna le botala gape mo kgaolong eo. Se se dirile gore bakanoki bangwe ba ngangisane gore tatlhegelo ya dimela e e bakilweng ke temothuo ke ntlha e potlana mo go direng gore naga e nne sekaka. 11] Diphetogo tsa palo ya batho di na le tshusumetso e kgolo mo go fulang thata, temothuo e e feteletseng le go rengwa ga dikgwa, jaaka mekgwa e e neng e amogelesega pele e sa tlhole e kgona go tshwarelela. 20] Go na le mabaka a le mantsi a balemirui ba dirisang temothuo e e tseneletseng go na le temothuo e e tseneletseng mme lebaka le legolo ke go oketsa thobo. Ka go oketsa matswela a tiro, ba tlhoka monontsha o montsi, dibolayaditshenekegi le badiri ba ba tla tlhokomelang metšhine. Tiriso e e tsweletseng ya lefatshe e koafatsa dikotla tsa mmu ka bonako mme e dira gore go nne le kgakgabalo. 22][23] == Metswedi == 4wy7t8hautnwsio4ob82azi36zoz955 0 14523 52783 2026-07-19T18:26:48Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Temothuo ya Botswana 52783 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Temothuo mo Botswana''' ke lephata la itsholelo la bosetšhaba le le nang le seabe se sennye mo [[GDP]] mme le na le ditiro tse dintsi. Ka ntlha ya ditsetlana tsa temothuo tse di sa atlegeng, lephata leno le sa ntse le eme. Temo ya dijalo e duelelwa le go laolwa ke puso ka Lenaneo le le Kopanetsweng la Tshegetso ya Tlhabololo ya Temothuo ya lefatshe (ISPAAD), le le dirilweng go ya ka mekgwa ya European Union. Temothuo ya leruo e dirwa ka tsela e e tseneletseng thata go feta ya dijalo. == Thutafatshe == === Tlelaemete ya temothuo === [[Setshwantsho:Botswana 24.86445E 22.08661S.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa sathalaete sa Botswana]] [[Setshwantsho:Kalahari Desert and Kalahari Basin map.svg|thumb|Lefelo le Kalahari e leng mo go lone (sekaka se sehibidu, mogogoro wa mmala wa namune le wa namune)]] E re ka Botswana e le mo Hemisefereng e e kwa Borwa, e na le dipaka tse di farologaneng le tsa kwa Hemisefereng e e kwa Bokone. Nako ya go gola e tsaya ngwaga otlhe, le fa go na le serame se se tseneletseng ka mariga. <ref>{{Harvard citation text|Harrison|2003|p=59}}</ref>Phukwi ke kgwedi e e tsididi thata, fa Hirikgomg yone e le e e bothitho thata. Temperetšha ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya atemosefere e botlhokwa mo Aforika, ka palogare ya dithemperetšha tsa mariga di ka nna 12 °C le dithemperetšha tsa selemo di ka nna 24 °C. <ref>{{Harvard citation text|Martyn|1995|p=188}}</ref>Dithemperetšha tse di kwa tlase di ka nna kwa tlase ga 5 °C, fa tse di kwa godimo di sa fete 35 °C. Dithemperetšha tse di kwa godimo le lesedi le le maatla la letsatsi di dira gore go nne le maemo a a siameng a go godisa dimela tsa biomass. <ref>{{Harvard citation text|Martyn|1995|p=189}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, bogodimo jo bo kwa godimo le tlelaemete ya kontinente di dira gore go ne pula e nnye, e e ka nnang makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano go ya go makgolo a marataro le masome a matlhano mm ka ngwaga. Pula e ntsi e na kwa bokone gaufi le Okavango Delta, fa e nnye e le kwa [[Kalahari]].<ref>{{Harvard citation text|Martyn|1995|p=194}}</ref> Komelelo, e e diragalang mo e ka nnang dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le tharo, e baka go fokotsega go gogolo ga ntshokuno ya temo. <ref name=":0">[http://www.veldproducts.org/whatwedo.html What We Do".] ''Veld Products Research & Development''. Retrieved 2025-06-08.</ref> == Mmu == Mebu ya Botswana ke ya ultisols, ya mmala o mohibidu le o o serolwana. <ref>Uziak, Stanisław; Klimowicz, Zbigniew (2002). ''Elementy geografii gleb i gleboznawstwa'' &#x5B;''Elements of Soil Geography and Soil Science''&#x5D; (in Polish). Lublin: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. p.&#x20;200. I[[:en:Special:BookSources/83-227-1671-0|SBN&#x20;<bdi>83-227-1671-0</bdi>.]]</ref> Sekaka sa Kalahari se na le mebu e e tlwaelegileng ya sekaka.<ref>{{Harvard citation text|Harrison|2003|p=77}}</ref> == Maranyane a metsi == Botswana e fa thoko ga karolo e e kgaoganyang dikontinente. Ditikologo tse di kwa borwa le tse di fa gare, tse di laolwang ke [[Sekaka sa Kalahari]], ga di na metsi a a elelang ka metlha, mme sekaka se se fa gare le sone ga se na melatswana e e elelang ka metlha. Go ela kwa bokone, [[Okavango Delta,]] e leng noka e kgolo go di feta tsotlhe mo lefatsheng, ke karolo e e tlhomologileng thata. [[Noka ya Limpopo]] e elela go bapa le molelwane wa botlhaba le Afrika Borwa, fa [[Noka ya Botletle]] e le yone noka e tona go di feta tsotlhe mo Botswana.<ref>''Atlas Świata'' &#x5B;''World Atlas''&#x5D; (in Polish). Bielsko-Biała: Pascal. 2005. p.&#x20;102. [[:en:Special:BookSources/83-7304-381-0|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>83-7304-381-0</bdi>.]]</ref> == Dintlha tsa aga itsholelo == === Tlhabololo ya go aga itsholelo === [[Setshwantsho:Botswana mine.png|thumb|Mafelo a magolo a meepo le a diporo]] [[Setshwantsho:Botswana ventilation.png|thumb|GDP ya Botswana ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (temo 2.2%  ⁇  botala jo bo phatsimang)]] Botswana ke naga ya lotseno lo lo fa gare, e kwa tlase ga palogare ya lefatshe mme e kwa godimo ga palogare ya Afrika. Go ya ka HDI, e mo maemong a bo118 mo dinageng di le lekgolo le masome a robabobedi le bosupa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120103233808/http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/ "Indices & Data - Human Development Reports (HDR) - United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)".] ''hdr.undp.org''. Archived from the original on 2012-01-03.</ref> Ka nako ya boipuso ka ngwaga wa sekete,a makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro, Botswana e ne e le nngwe ya dinaga tse di humanegileng go gaisa mo lefatsheng, e na le mafaratlhatlha a mannye, e sena madirelo, e bile e na le metswedi ya diminerale e e sa dirisiweng.<ref name=":1">{{Harvard citation text|Harrison|2003|p=61}}</ref> Temothuo e ne e le 40% ya GDP, e e okeditsweng ke madi a a romelwang, segolo go tswa mo Aforika Borwa.<ref>{{Harvard citation text|Harrison|2003|p=66}}</ref>Go ribololwa ga diminerale (segolo kopore le ditaemane) ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome aaa marataro le bosupa go ne ga rotloetsa tlhabololo, go fetola Botswana go nna naga ya lotseno lo lo fa gare. <ref name=":1" />Go farologana le dinaga tse dingwe tse di golang ka bonako, Botswana e nnile le kgolo ya ikonomi ka dingwaga di le masome a mararo.<ref>Leith, Clark (2003). ''Why Botswana prospered''. University of Western Ontario and the Ministry of Finance and Development Planning. p.&#x20;3.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo dikete tse pedi, seelo sa GDP ya temothuo se ne sa wela kwa go 2.7%, segolo thata ka ntlha ya dikgwetlho tsa temothuo go na le kgolo ya madirelo kgotsa lephata la ditirelo.<ref name=":2">{{Harvard citation text|Harrison|2003|p=67}}</ref>Temothuo e dirisa go feta 20% ya badiri.<ref name=":3">''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212000/http://www.cso.gov.bw/templates/cso/file/File/2007%20and%202008%20Annual%20Agric%20Survey%20Report.PDF 2007 and 2008 Annual Agricultural Survey Report]'' (PDF). Gaborone: Central Statistic Office. 2008. pp.&#x20;4–10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-23.</ref> == Go nna mo metsesetoropong le go dira madirelo == Botswana ga e na batho ba bantsi mo ditoropong, bontsi jwa ditoropo tsa yone di kwa karolong e e kwa botlhaba, fa mafelo a a kwa bophirima a sekaka one a batla a se na batho. Ke ditoropo di le pedi fela tse di nang le baagi ba ba fetang 100 000.<ref>''Encyklopedia Audiowizualna Britannica Geografia I'' &#x5B;''Britannica Audiovisual Encyclopedia Geography I''&#x5D; (in Polish). Warsaw: Kurpisz. 2006. p.&#x20;61.</ref> == Dipolotiki tsa temothuo == Botswana e dirisa tsamaiso ya dithuso tsa temothuo le dikwatlhao tse di tshwanang le tsa European Union, ka Lenaneo le le Kopanetsweng la Tshegetso ya Tlhabololo ya Temothuo e e Tlhagang (ISPAAD), le le ratang temothuo e kgolo le ya madirelo.<ref name=":4">Moji, Babati (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304215022/http://intsormil.org/smscientificpresents/Workshop%20Proceedings%20-%20Aternative%20Cereal%20Processing%20Technologies%20-%204-6%20Nov%202008%20-%20Lobatse%20-%20Botsw.pdf#page=23 "Government policy on cereals production in Botswana"] (PDF). ''Alternative Cereal Processing Technologies''. '''4–6''': 23–25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04.</ref> Lenaneo le ikaeletse go oketsa lotseno le go fokotsa dikotsi tsa temothuo. <ref name=":5">Majelantle, A.N. (2011). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212000/http://www.cso.gov.bw/templates/cso/file/File/2007%20and%202008%20Annual%20Agric%20Survey%20Report.PDF 2007 and 2008 annual agricultural survey preliminary results]'' (PDF). Gaborone: Central Statistics Office. pp.&#x20;9–10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-23.</ref>Pele ga boipuso, Botswana e ne e le moromelantle wa dijo, mme diphetogo tse di paletsweng le puso e e bokoa ya temothuo di dirile gore e nne moromelantle wa dijo, segolo go tswa mo Aforika Borwa. Puso e reka dijo tsa ditlhaka e bo e di rekisetsa difeketiri ka ditlhwatlhwa tse di kwa godimo thata, mme seno se dira gore go se ka ga nna le madi a a lekaneng a go di ntsha le go fokotsa thobo ya tsone. Mo mabakeng a mangwe, mabele a rekisetswa Aforika Borwa, fela gore a rekwe gape ke badiri ba kwa Botswana.<ref name=":6">Ellwood, Agatha (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304215022/http://intsormil.org/smscientificpresents/Workshop%20Proceedings%20-%20Aternative%20Cereal%20Processing%20Technologies%20-%204-6%20Nov%202008%20-%20Lobatse%20-%20Botsw.pdf#page=36 "Contraints and opportunities in sorghum and millet milling industry in Botswana"] (PDF). ''Alternative Cereal Processing Technologies''. '''4–6''': 36–40. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04.</ref> Dielo tsa ntshokuno tse di kwa tlase, tse di beilweng mo e ka nnang 80% ya bokgoni, di oketsa go atologa le go fokotsa thobo ya dijalo, segolo thata tsa dithoro.<ref name=":4" /> == Thobo == === Thobo ya dijalo === Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi, lefatshe le le lengwang le ne le akaretsa diheketara di le 278,909, ka diheketara di le 226,521 tse di lengwang le diheketara di le 125,803 tse di robilweng.<ref name=":3" /> === Dijalo tsa medi === Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome , dijalo tsa medi di ne di laola thobo, ka ditone di le 99,400 tse di kgobokantsweng (11th lefatshe ka bophara), segolo thata [[cassava]].<ref name=":7">[https://web.archive.org/web/20151222101935/http://faostat.fao.org/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=339&lang=en&country=20 "FAOSTAT".] ''FAO''. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2025-06-08.</ref> === Dithoro === Sorghum ke mabele a a anameng thata, ka ditone di le 41 000 tse di robilweng ka 2010,<ref name=":7" />e e dirang 70% ya ntshokuno ya mabele<ref name=":6" /> le 90% ya mafelo a a lemilweng.<ref name=":5" /> Tlelaemete e e omeletseng ya Botswana e rata sorghum le millet go na le dithoro tse dingwe. Sorghum e jalwa go ralala naga, kwa ntle ga kwa dikakeng le kwa mafelong a a nonneng koo mmidi le dijalo tse dingwe tse di tlhokegang di jalwang teng. <ref name=":6" />Biri ya sorghum e e senang gluten e tumile, e le mo maemong a bo lesome le bone lefatshe ka bophara.<ref name=":7" /> Mmidi, ka ditone di le 14,100 tse di kotulweng,<ref name=":7" />e botlhokwa mo go jeweng ke batho le diphologolo, segolo thata dijo tsa dikoko.<ref>Pharudi, Joseph Albert (2010). ''Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus levels od growth and yield of wheat and maize crops grown on a phosphorus deficient sandy soil''. Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch. p.&#x20;148.</ref> Balemirui ba bagolo ba diintaseteri ba rata mmidi.<ref name=":5" />Millet, ka ditone di le sekete le makgolo a robabobedi tse di kotulwang, e jalwa thata kwa bokone mme e ne e le mabele a magolo pele ga boipuso.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":6" /> === Merogo le maungo === Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome, thobo ya merogo e ne e le ditone di le 27,400, e feta mmidi, fa thobo ya maungo e ne e le ditone di le dikete tse tlhano le makgolo a mane.<ref name=":7" /> Ditlhare tsa maungo tsa selegae, jaaka [[marula]], mongongo, medlar, corky-bark monkey orange tree, Natal orange, le African chewing gum, ke metswedi e e botlhokwa ya dijo ka nako ya komelelo.<ref name=":0" /> == Leruo == Temo ya leruo e botlhokwa thata go feta mo dinageng di le dintsi tsa Afrika. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome , mashi a kgomo a ne a etelela pele ka ditone di le 114 170, fa nama ya kgomo (36 600) le nama ya phologolo ya naga (23 200) di ne di le kwa godimo ga tse dingwe. Botswana e mo maemong a botlhano lefatshe ka bophara mo tlhagisong ya nama e e omisitsweng, go latela ngwao ya biltong. <ref name=":7" />Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pdi le borobabobedi , dikgomo di ne di le 2,219,503, mme 1,944,375 e ne e le ya balemirui ba setso. Dipodi di ne di le 1.878.833, mme di le 1.840.646 e ne e le tsa balemirui ba setso, mme dinku di ne di le 303.238, mme di le 281.782 e ne e le tsa balemirui ba setso. Dipalo tsa leruo di ne di fetofetoga ntle le ditlwaelo tse di bonalang go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi.<ref name=":3" />Temothuo ya dinonyane, bogolo jang ya dikoko, e botlhokwa, ka dipolase tsa madirelo tse di ntshang mae le nama. Mo dingwageng tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi, dikgogo di ne di thapa batho ba le dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhano , bontsi jwa bone e le basadi, mme seno se ne se feta palo ya batho ba ba neng ba thapilwe mo meepong. Morago ga go wela tlase, ditiro di ne tsa tlhomama kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo dikete tse pedi.<ref>Moreki, J C. [["Opportunities and challenges for the Botswana poultry industry in the 21st century: a review".]] ''lrrd.cipav.org''. Retrieved 2025-06-08.</ref> == Mekgwa ya temothuo == Botswana e dirisa mekgwa ya temothuo ya setso le ya intaseteri. Dipolase tsa setso di laola 92% ya lefatshe la temothuo,<ref name=":2" />fa dipolase tsa madirelo di tsepamisitse mo tlhagisong ya leruo.<ref>Nsoso, S.J.; Madimabe, M.J. (1999). "The sheep industry in Botswana: promoting the Karakul sheep industry". ''South African Journal of Animal Science''. '''29''': 258–262.</ref> == Dikgwetlho tsa temothuo == Maemo a tlhago a a sa itumediseng, segolo jang kwa Sekakeng sa Kalahari, a lekanyetsa temothuo go 5% ya lefatshe la Botswana.<ref name=":2" />Lefatshe le le lengwang le lekanyeditswe thata kwa Mokgatšheng wa Limpopo.<ref>{{Harvard citation text|Harrison|2003|p=70}}</ref> Pholisi ya temothuo ya mmuso, e e etsisang tsamaiso ya EU, e tlhoma dielo tse di kwa tlase tsa ntshokuno, e nyatsa thobo ya dijalo tsa mabele le go thusa go fokotsega ga lephata. <ref name=":4" /> == Metswedi == 47mdetfpi3u7rzp4rlaqzuv7ezopgb4 0 14524 52784 2026-07-19T18:54:45Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Dhiren Gondaria 52784 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dhiren Gondaria''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e thola botlhano ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabaongwe le bone( 1994) ke motshameki wa kerikete wa kwa [[Kenya]].<ref name=":0">[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/529349.html "Dhiren Gondaria"]. ''ESPN Cricinfo''. Retrieved 23 January 2015.</ref> O kile a tshameka di One Day Internationals tse pedi le di [[Twenty20 Internationals]] tse pedi mo setlhopheng sa bosetšhaba. Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome la borobabobedi (2018), o ne a bidiwa mo setlhopheng sa Kenya sa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome la borobabobedi (2018) [[ICC World Cricket League Division Two.]] <ref>[https://www.nation.co.ke/sports/cricket/Cricket-Kenya-hire-Pakistani-match-analyst/434908-4272704-voixf9/index.html "Cricket Kenya hire Pakistani match analyst".] ''Daily Nation''. Retrieved 25 January 2018.</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome la borobabobedi (2018), o ne a bidiwa mo setlhopheng sa Kenya sa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome la borobabobedi (2018) [[Africa T20 Cup.]] <ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/squad/1158618.html "Kenya Squad"]. ''ESPN Cricinfo''. Retrieved 12 September 2018.</ref>Mo kgweding e e latelang, o ne a bidiwa mo setlhopheng sa Kenya sa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome la borobabobedi (2018) [[ICC World Cricket League Division Three]] kwa Oman. Pele ga motshameko, o ne a bidiwa jaaka motshameki yo o tshwanetseng go lebelelwa mo setlhopheng sa Kenya.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25212721/everything-need-know-wcl-division-three "Everything you need to know about WCL Division Three".] ''ESPN Cricinfo''. Retrieved 9 November 2018.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome la borobabongwe (2019), o ne a bidiwa mo setlhopheng sa Kenya sa Regional Finals sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome la borobabobedi (2018) go ya ko ngwageng wa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome la borobabongwe (2019) [[ICC T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier]] mo Uganda. <ref name=":0" /> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome la borobabongwe (2019), o ne a bidiwa mo setlhopheng sa Kenya sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome la borobabobedi (2019) ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier mo United Arab Emirates.<ref>[https://www.the-star.co.ke/sports/2019-09-25-national-team-selection-sparks-controversy/ "National team selection sparks controversy"]. ''The Star (Kenya)''. Retrieved 29 September 2019.</ref> Pele ga motshamekô wa kgwele ya dinao, [[International Cricket Council (ICC)]] e ne ya mmitsa motshameki yo o tshwanetseng go lebelelwa mo setlhopheng sa Kenya.<ref>[https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1451632 "Team preview: Kenya"]. ''International Cricket Council''. Retrieved 14 October 2019.</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome la borobabobongwe (2019), o ne a bidiwa mo setlhopheng sa Kenya sa motshameko wa [[Cricket World Cup Challenge League B]] kwa Oman.<ref>[https://www.the-star.co.ke/sports/football/2019-11-16-the-46-year-old-swamibapas-bowler-is-a-surprise-inclusion-in-kenya-team-as-otieno-dropped-again/ "The 46-year-old Swamibapa's bowler is a surprise inclusion in Kenya team as Otieno dropped again".] ''The Star (Kenya)''. Retrieved 17 November 2019.</ref> == Metswedi == awcusct11d8uymvvi0pl0b3c9o7to2i 0 14525 52785 2026-07-19T19:29:50Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Sachin Bhudia 52785 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sachin Ramniklal Bhudia''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le masome a mabedi le bone ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998) ke motshameki wa kerikete wa kwa Kenya.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1107656.html "Sachin Bhudia"]. ''ESPN Cricinfo''. Retrieved 9 November 2018.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017), o ne a tlhophiwa jaaka mokapotene wa setlhopha sa Kenya sa [[2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.|ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018) Under-19 Cricket World Cup.]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20221205104834/https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2017/12/15/squad-unveiled-little-known-naimbia-based-were-make-the-cut-for-the_c1685047 "Squad unveiled: Little known Naimbia-based Were make the cut for the 2018 Under-19 World Cup".] ''The Star, Kenya''. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2017.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), o ne a bidiwa mo setlhopheng sa Kenya sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi [[(2018) ICC World Cricket League Division Three]] mo kgaisanong kwa Oman. O ne a tshameka motshameko wa ntlha wa Kenya kgatlhanong le Oman ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018).<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1162845.html "1st Match, ICC World Cricket League Division Three at Al Amarat, Nov 9 2018".] ''ESPN Cricinfo''. Retrieved 9 November 2018.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe(2019), Bhudia o ne a bidiwa mo setlhopheng sa Kenya sa Regional Finals sa 2018 ⁇ 19 ICC T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier mo Uganda. [1] O dirile kgwele ya gagwe ya ntlha ya boditšhabatšhaba ya Twenty20 (T20I) mo Kenya kgatlhanong le Uganda ka kgwedi Motsheganong e le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019). <ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1184902.html "12th Match, ICC Men's T20 World Cup Africa Region Final at Kampala, May 22 2019"]. ''ESPN Cricinfo''. Retrieved 22 May 2019.</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019,) o ne a bidiwa mo setlhopheng sa Kenya sa 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier mo United Arab Emirates. Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), o ne a tshameka mo setlhopheng sa Kenya mo kgaisanong ya Cricket World Cup Challenge League B kwa Oman. O ne a dira kgwele ya gagwe ya ntlha mo lenaaneng la A kgatlhanong le Jersey ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobingwe(2019).<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1207070.html "10th Match, CWC Challenge League Group B at Al Amerat, Dec 9 2019"]. ''ESPN Cricinfo''. Retrieved 9 December 2019.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi ( 2022), Bhudia o ne a tsaya maemo a ga Shem Ngoche jaaka mokapotene wa Kenya.<ref>Oyugi, Ochieng. [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/sports/cricket/2001460446/bhudia-replaces-ngoche-as-national-cricket-team-captain "Bhudia replaces Ngoche as national cricket team captain".] ''The Standard''. Retrieved 4 December 2022.</ref> O ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokapotene wa setlhopha sa Kenya sa kgaisanelo ya kgaolo ya Aforika ya Sejana sa Lefatshe sa T20I sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024) == Metswedi == mcrbusecwauie3cnouj9vfi0vztkirt 0 14526 52786 2026-07-19T19:32:31Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Metshameko mo Botswana 52786 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Metshameko''' ya kwa [[Botswana]] e farologane mme e tlhabolotswe sentle. Le mororo kgwele ya dinao, ya diatla le diatleletiki e santse e le metshameko e e tumileng thata, metshameko e mengwe e mentsi, go akaretsa kerikete, rugby, judo, go thuma le tenese e latelwa thata mo nageng eno. Khomišene ya Bosetšhaba ya Metshameko ya Botswana (BNSC), mmogo le Komiti ya Bosetšhaba ya Diolimpiki ya Botswana (BNOC) le Lefapha la Baša, Metshameko le Setso (MYSC) di na le maikarabelo a go tsamaisa metshameko ka kakaretso mo nageng. Mo godimo ga moo, go na le Mekgatlho ya Metshameko ya Bosetšhaba e e fetang masome a mararo le mekgatlho ya metshameko ya dikolo e le meraro. <ref>Moustakas, Louis; Tshube, Tshepang (2020-10-21). [[doi:10.1080/19406940.2020.1832556|"Sport policy in Botswana".]] ''International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics''. '''12''' (4): 731–745. doi:[[doi:10.1080/19406940.2020.1832556|10.1080/19406940.2020.1832556]]. ISSN&#x20;1940-6940. S2CID&#x20;226336354.</ref> Botswana e tshwara metshameko ya Botswana Games dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le pedi, mme e tshotse metshameko ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone ya Aforika ya Baša, International Working Group on Women in Sport, le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa2 Netball World Youth Cup. Gape ba ne ba batla go nna baamogedi ba Metshameko ya Diolimpiki ya Bašwa ya Selemo ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi, mme ba ne ba fenngwa ke ba ba neng ba tlile go nna baamogedi ba metshameko ya Dakar. == metshameko == === Metshameko ya Athletics === ==== Mabelo ==== [[Setshwantsho:Montsho Felix Daegu 2011.jpg|thumb|Amantle Montsho o ne a fenya Alyson Felix go nna mmampodi wa ntlha wa lefatshe kgotsa wa metshameko ya Olympic wa Botswana ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011).]] Botswana e ntse e dira sentle mo metshamekong ya diatleletiki ka go lebelela ditiro tsa [[Nijel Amos|Nijel Amo]]<nowiki/>s<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160817164158/http://www.all-athletics.com/node/422977 "Profile of Nijel AMOS | All-Athletics.com".] ''www.all-athletics.com''. Archived from the original on 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> a fenya sekgele sa selefera mo lobelong lwa banna lwa dimetara tse makgolo a robabobedi, e leng sekgele sa ntlha sa Diolimpiki sa lefatshe la gagwe.<ref>[http://www.breakingnews.com/item/ahZzfmJyZWFraW5nbmV3cy13d3ctaHJkcg0LEgRTZWVkGOO0xgkM/2012/08/09/nijel-amos-of-botswana-wins-silver-timothy-kitum-of-kenya-wins-bronze "Nijel Amos of Botswana wins silver, Timothy Kitum of Kenya wins bronze in men's 800-meter race - london2012.com".] Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> Kwa Metshamekong ya Commonwealth ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, Amos o ne a gapa sekgele sa gouta sa dimetara di le makgolo a robabobedi ka 1:45.18. Amos o ne a tswa mo lebokoseng la metshameko mme a feta [[David Rudisha]] yo o tshotseng rekoto ya lefatshe mo dimetareng di le 50 tsa bofelo. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/commonwealthgames/11004554/David-Rudisha-is-beaten-by-Nijel-Amos-in-800m-final-at-Commonwealth-Games-as-Hampden-Park-witnesses-shock.html "David Rudisha is beaten by Nijel Amos in 800m final at Commonwealth Games as Hampden Park witnesses shock".] Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> Botswana e na le moatlelete yo o siameng [[Amantle Montsho]] yo o fentseng sekgele sa selefera kwa Dikgaisanong tsa Aforika tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro le sseetsele sa gauta se se emetseng lefatshe kwa Metshamekong ya Aforika yotlhe ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa . Mo metshamekong e e tshwanang o ne a fetsa a le wa botlhano mo metshamekong ya dimetara di le makgolo a mabedi .<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071010170448/http://www.coja2007.dz/portail/programme/Results.html?discipId=ath&compId=COMP88 "2007 All-Africa Games, women's 200 m final".] ''www.coja2007.dz/''. Archived from the original on 2007-10-10.</ref> O ne a taboga rekoto e e gaisang ya Botswana ya 49.83 ya metsotswana go fenya dimetara di le makgolo a mane kwa Metshamekong ya Aforika ya Athletics ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi. E sa ntse e le rekoto ya Kgaisano eno. Ka 2011 World Championships in Athletics kwa South Korea, o ne a fenya Alyson Felix go nna mmampodi wa ntlha wa lefatshe kgotsa wa Olympic wa Botswana. Leslie Tebogo ke motabogi yo o itsegeng thata mo mabelong a dimetara di le lekgolo le di le makgolo a mabedi( 100 le 200 m). O ne a nna moatlelete wa ntlha wa mo Aforika go taboga ka fa tlase ga metsotswana e le masome a mabedi mo metshamekong ya dimetara di le makgolo a mabedi 200m kwa Dikgaisanyong tsa Lefatshe tsa Athletics tsa ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le masome a mabedi, koo a neng a tlhoma direkoto tse dintsi tsa bašwa. Bosheng jaana kwa Metshamekong ya Di-Olimpiki ya Selemo ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone, o ne a gapa gouta ya banna ya dimetara di le makgolo a mabedi kwa Paris, a tsaya metsotso e le 19.46 (rekoto ya Afrika) go nna mmegadikgang wa ntlha wa Botswana wa go gapa gouta ya Di-Olimpiki. <ref>[https://www.olympics.com/en/olympic-games/paris-2024 "IAAF: Athlete profile for Kabelo Kgosiemang"]. ''olympics.com''. Retrieved 2025-09-26.</ref> ==== High Jump ==== Moatlelete yo mongwe yo o tumileng wa Botswana ke moatlelete wa go tlola kwa godimo Kabelo Kgosiemang, yo o kileng a nna mmampodi wa Aforika gararo.<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/athcode=211047 "IAAF: Athlete profile for Kabelo Kgosiemang".] ''iaaf.org''. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> === Basketball === Setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa Botswana sa kgwele ya dinao ke setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa kgwele ya dinao sa Botswana <ref>[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/nfProf.asp?nationalFederationNumber=4213 "Profile"]. FIBA.COM. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> mme gape ke leloko la International Basketball Federation (FIBA) go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,amkgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa (1997). Setlhopha se ga se ise se tlhagelele kwa [[FIBA World Championship]], FIBA Africa Championship kgotsa [[Basketball kwa Summer Olympics]] === Bridge === Papadi ya dikarata e na le balatedi ba le bantsi; e ne ya tshamekiwa la ntlha kwa Botswana dingwaga tse di fetang masome a mararo tse di fetileng mme ya tuma thata ka bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980). Barutabana ba le bantsi ba kwa Boritane ba ba neng ba nna kwa dinageng di sele ba ne ba ruta motshameko ono mo dikolong tse dikgolwane tsa kwa Botswana. Botswana Bridge Federation (BBF) e ne ya tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi mme e tsweletse go rulaganya dikgaisano. Bridge e ntse e tumile mme BBF e na le maloko a a fetang makgolo a robabobedi .<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080227184536/http://www.bnsc.co.bw/affiliates/bridge_federation.htm "BNSC - Botswana Bridge Federation"]. 2008-02-27. Archived from the original on February 27, 2008. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa , BBF e ne ya laletsa English Bridge Union go tshwara lenaneo la go ruta la beke ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi .<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080227184536/http://www.ebu.co.uk/general/news/2008/BotswanaTrip.htm "Botswana Trip".] 2008-02-27. Archived from the original on February 27, 2008. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> === Cricket === Cricket e simolotse mo nageng ka batswagosele go tswa mo Afrika Borwa le mo kontinenteng ya India<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060217104503/http://www.cricketfundas.com/africa/botswana.html "History of cricket in Botswana".] Archived from the original on 2006-02-17.</ref>[Botswana e ne ya tlhophiwa go nna leloko la ICC ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe ,<ref name=":0">[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Countries/103.html "Botswana at Cricket Archive"]. ''www.cricketarchive.co.uk''. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref>mme ya tshameka mo Sejaneng sa Aforika kwa Zambia ngwaga o o latelang. Morago ga go fenya metshameko yotlhe ya bona ya motshameko wa ntlha kgatlhanong le Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia le Zimbabwe, ba ne ba fenya Kenya mo makgaolakgannyeng pele ba fenngwa ke Afrika Borwa mo makgaolakgannyeng ka dipalo tse makgolo a mabedi le masome a supa.<ref>[http://www.cricketeurope4.net/CRICKETEUROPE/DATABASE/2002/TOURNAMENTS/AFRICACUP/about.shtml "2002 Africa Cup at CricketEurope".]</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone , ba ne ba fenya kgaisano ya ditlhopho tsa maloko a Aforika tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano ICC Trophy, <ref>[http://www.cricketeurope4.net/ICCT2005/DATABASE/QUALIFYING/africa.shtml 2005 ICC Trophy African qualifying at the tournament's official website".]</ref>ba ba tsenya mo kgatong e e latelang ya ditlhopho, African Cricket Association Championships. Ba ne ba fenya Nigeria le Tanzania mo kgaisanong eo kwa Zambia ka kgwedi ya Phatwe, ba fetsa mo maemong a bone, ka jalo ba latlhegelwa ke go tsenela ICC Trophy ya bone ya ntlha. Ba ne ba duelwa ka go tshameka mo kgaisanong eno ka go tlhatlosediwa go nna maloko a a kopaneng a ICC ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro, ba ne ba tsaya karolo mo kgaisanong ya bobedi ya kgaolo ya Afrika ya World Cricket League, ba fetsa mo maemong a bobedi morago ga Tanzania. Seno se ne sa ba kgontsha go tsenela Division Five ya World Cricket League.<ref>[http://www.cricketeurope4.net/DATABASE/ARTICLES/articles/000045/004501.shtml Jersey to host World Cricket League Division Five, ICC Media Release".]</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi , Botswana e ne ya ya kwa Jersey go tsaya karolo mo kgaisanong ya Division Five. Le fa Botswana e ne ya fenya Bahamas mo setlhopheng sa B, e ne e le phenyo ya bone e le nngwe fela mo kgaisanong ya ditlhopha mme ka go fenngwa gararo le motshameko o le mongwe o o neng wa tlogelwa ka ntlha ya pula, ba ne ba retelelwa ke go tsenela makgaolakgang. Botswana e ne ya fetsa e le mo maemong a borataro morago ga go fenya Jeremane mme ya fenngwa ke Singapore mo metshamekong ya playoff. E re ka go ne go na le ditlhopha di le pedi fela tse di neng di le kwa godimo mo kgaisanong eno tse di neng tsa kgona go tsenela kgaisano ya Division Four kwa Tanzania moragonyana mo ngwageng oo, Botswana e ne ya latlhegelwa ke tshono ya go ya kwa pele ka toro ya yone ya go tsaya Sejana sa Lefatshe sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe. <ref>[http://www.cricinfo.com/wcl/engine/match/349866.html 5th Place Play-off: Botswana v Singapore at St Clement, May 31, 2008 | Cricket Scorecard | ESPN Cricinfo"]. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi, Botswana e ne ya tsaya karolo mo kgaolong ya bobedi ya kgaolo ya Afrika ya World Cricket League, ya fetsa e sa fenngwa mme ya fenya kgaisano. Phenyo eno e ba tlhatloseditse kwa Division One ya Kgaolo ya Afrika, le fa go ntse jalo letlha le lefelo la kgaisano eno le santse le tshwanetse go tlhomamisiwa. <ref>[http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/story/373404.html "Botswana win promotion to Africa's top flight".] Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe , Botswana e ne ya ya kwa Singapore go tsenela Division Six ya World Cricket League. Le fa Botswana e ne e na le kgaisano mo metshamekong e le mentsi, e ne ya fenya e le nngwe fela mo metshamekong e le metlhano ya setlhopha mme ya fetsa e le mo maemong a botlhano morago ga go fenya Norway mo kgaisanong ya makgaolakgang. <ref>[http://www.cricinfo.com/wcl/engine/series/418156.html "Results | ICC World Cricket League (Old) | ESPN Cricinfo".] ''Cricinfo''. Retrieved 2015-07-31.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe, Botswana e ne ya nna moamogedi wa ICC World Cricket League Division Seven le setlhopha se se santseng se le sennye mme ya dira sentle thata, ya fenya metshameko e le meraro ya kgaisano kgatlhanong le Norway, Japane le Jeremane mme ya fenngwa ke bafenyi ba Kuwait, ba ba beileng Nigeria mo maemong a bobedi mme kwa bofelong ya fenngwa ke Jeremane mo motshamekong o o neng wa ba baya mo maemong a bobedi. Motshamekô kgatlhanong le Nigeria mo metshamekong ya kgwele ya dinao e ne e le go swetsa gore ke sefe sa ditšhaba tse pedi se se tlaa tlhatlogelang kwa ICC World Cricket League Division Six e e tlaa tshwarelwang kwa Malaysia ka kgwedi ya Lwetse,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe mme ka go latlhegelwa ke motshamekô oo, Botswana e ne ya retelelwa ke go tlhatlogela kwa pele mme e tlaa sala mo Division Seven go fitlha ka kgwele ya dinao e e latelang ya ICC WCL. Ka kgwedi ya Moranang,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro , Botswana e ne ya fiwa ditshwanelo tsa go tshola gape kgaisano ya ICC World Cricket League Division 7 mo lekgetlhong la bobedi fa ba ne ba leka go tlhatlosiwa go tswa mo Division 7 morago ga go emisa go tlhatlosiwa mo kgaisanong e e fetileng. Botswana e ne ya fenya Ghana mo motshamekong wa ntlha, mme ya latlhegelwa ke motshamekô wa bobedi mo kgaisanong e e neng e le kgatlhanong le Vanuatu ka maemô a le masome a mabedi le boraro . Botswana e ne ya latlhegelwa ke motshameko wa boraro o o latelang thata go tswa mo go bafenyi ba WCL Div 7 le ba ba leng kgatlhanong le Nigeria. Botswana e ne ya leka go boela gape mo kgaisanong ya go tlhatlosiwa maemo mme morago ga motshameko o o neng o bapetse Jeremane, ditsholofelo tsotlhe tsa bone di ne tsa fela mme ba ne ba ka solofela fela go bona maemo a boraro. Se se ne sa fitlhelelwa ka go fenya Fiji mo motshamekong wa bofelo wa setlhopha mme morago ga moo ba ba fenya gape mo kgaisanong ya go tsaya maemo a boraro mme ba dira gore Botswana e bone maemo a boraro a a tlotlegang, ba feletsa ba le kwa morago ga Vanuatu le Nigeria ba ba neng ba tlhatlogela kwa Division 6 ya WCL. Ka tshwetso ya ICC ya go fedisa ICC World Cricket League Divisions 7 le 8, seno se raya gore Botswana jaanong e tla tshwanela go tsenela dikgaisanyo tsa kgaolo gore e tsenele ICC World Cricket League Division 6, e jaanong e tla nnang lefelo la go tsenela World Cricket League. === Kgwele ya Dinao === Kgwele ya dinao ke motshameko o o tumileng thata mo Botswana, mme go tsenela Sejana sa Mafatshe tsa Aforika sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi ke phitlhelelo e kgolo go fitlha jaanong. Setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa kgwele ya dinao sa Botswana, se laolwa ke Lekgotla la Kgwele ya Dinao la Botswana,[20] se itsege thata ka leina la The Zebras mme se emela naga mo dikgaisanong tsa boditšhabatšhaba tsa kgwele ya dinao.[ E ne ya tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa , mme ya kopanngwa le FIFA ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabobedi le CAF ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borataro . Mokgatlho wa Kgwele ya Dinao wa Botswana o rulaganya diligi tsa bosetšhaba tsa kgwele ya dinao le setlhopha sa bosetšhaba se se akaretsang beMOBILE Premier League, Botswana First Division North le Botswana First Division South. Le fa Botswana e tsene mo dikgaisanong tsa makgaolakgang tsa Sejana sa Lefatshe sa FIFA makgetlo a le matlhano, go ba tsere dingwaga di ka nna lesome le bongwe morago ga go tshameka motshameko wa bone wa ntlha go bona phenyo ya bone ya ntlha - phenyo ya 4-1 mo dikgaisanong tsa makgaolakgang tsa Afrika tsa kwa Jeremane 2006 kgatlhanong le Lesotho Setšhaba sa borwa jwa Afrika se ne sa tsaya karolo mo kgaisanong ya bone ya ntlha ya pele ya Sejana sa Lefatshe sa FIFA sa 1994 kwa USA, koo ba neng ba lebagane le Niger le Côte d'Ivoire. Ba ne ba kgona go tshameka motshameko wa 0 ⁇ 0 le wa bofelo kwa Gaborone mme ba latlhegelwa ke metshameko ya bone e meraro e mengwe, ba fetsa ba le kwa bofelong mo setlhopheng sa bone. Kgaisano e e latelang e ba neng ba tsenela yone e ne e le ya Sejana sa Lefatshe sa FIFA sa 2002, koo ba neng ba lebagana le Zambia mo kgaisanong ya maoto a mabedi go swetsa gore ke setlhopha sefe se se neng se tla fetela kwa dikgaisanong tsa ditlhopha. Zambia e ne ya fenya metshameko e mebedi ya motshameko wa tie go ya kwa kgaolong ya makgaolakgang mme ya fenya Botswana. Morago ga moo Botswana e ne ya nna le dipholo tse di maswe ka setlhopha se ne sa latlhegelwa ke nno tse tharo go ya go lefela go tswa Zambia le go latlhegelwa ke ditlhopha tsa bobedi go tswa Afrika Borwa le Zimbabwe kwa gae kwa Gaborone, go swabisa batshegetsi ba le bantsi. Fa ba ne ba tshameka le setlhopha sa Madagascar se se neng se le mo maemong a bo lekgolo le masome a mane le borataro mo lefatsheng ka nako eo, seno se ne sa dira gore Mokgatlho wa Kgwele ya Dinao wa Botswana o leleke motsamaisi Colwyn Rowe, le fa a ne a eteletse Botswana pele go fitlha mo maemong a bo masome a robabongwe le botlhano a FIFA a a neng a le kwa godimo go gaisa otlhe a a kileng a nna teng. BFA e ne ya bolela fa kgato eno e tserwe ka gonne ba ne ba tshaba gore a ka se sireletsege mo babogeding ba ba galefileng. Stanley Tshosane o ne a tlhophiwa go nna motlhatlhami wa gagwe mme mo motshamekong wa gagwe wa ntlha, Botswana e ne ya fenya Mozambique ka 2 ⁇ 1 go ba tsenya mo maemong a a kwa godimo mo setlhopheng sa bone sa ditlhopho. Le fa Botswana e kgonne go fenya Côte d'Ivoire, e feditse kwa tlase mo setlhopheng sa yone sa ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome FIFA World Cup kwa Afrika Borwa. Morago ga go swabisiwa gono go ne ga latela motlha o o atlegileng thata mo hisitoring ya Botswana. Botswana e ne ya fenya maemo a yone go nna setlhopha sa ntlha go tsenela Sejana sa Dinaga tsa Aforika sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi, ba fenya Tunisia kwa gae le kwa moseja. Katlego eno e ne ya tsamaelana le go tlhatlogela kwa maemong a a kwa godimo a FIFA a bo53. Ba ne ba se ka ba kgona go aga mo godimo ga go tokafala ga bona mo motshamekong, ba ne ba fenngwa ke Ghana le Mali mme ba fenngwa thata ke Guinea ba bo ba felela kwa tlase mo setlhopheng sa bone ka dintlha di le lefela. Sebopego se se khutshwafaditsweng sa ditlhopho tsa Sejana sa Ditšhaba sa Aforika sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borarose ne sa ba bona ba lebagane le Mali mo motshamekong wa maoto a mabedi, o ba neng ba latlhegelwa ke 7 ⁇ 1 ka kakaretso. Morago ga moo ba ne ba retelelwa ke go tsenela Sejana sa Lefatshe sa FIFA sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, ba feleletsa ba le mo maemong a boraro mo setlhopheng sa bone ka dintlha di le supa morago ga Afrika Borwa le Ethiopia. Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro Lekgotla la Kgwele ya Dinao la Botswana le ne la leleka Tshosane, ka go re "o paletswe ke go fitlhelela maikaelelo a a neng a a beetswe". Morago ga moo ba ne ba thapa Moesemane Peter Butler kakgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone 23] === Metshameko ya Dikoloi === Kalahari Botswana 1000 Desert Race ke kgaisano ya sekaka e e tshwerweng go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bongwe . Ke motshameko wa maemo a a kwa godimo wa South African Rally Cross Country Series. === Golf === Lekgotla la Botswana Golf Union le na le lekgotla la go tshameka kolofo la batho ba ba ratang go tshameka kolofo le mo go lone batho ba ba ratang go tshameka kolofo ba gaisanang mo dikgaisanong le mo dikgaisanong. === Rugby === Setlhopha sa Botswana se ne sa tshameka motshameko wa sone wa ntlha wa boditšhabatšhaba ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola ga supa,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borataro, kgatlhanong le Zimbabwe, se ne sa fenngwa ka lekgolo le masome a mararo go ya go lesome. Phenyo ya bone ya ntlha e ne ya tla ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe mo motshamekong kgatlhanong le Swaziland, ba fenya ka lesome le boraro go ya go tse tharo. Gape ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe ba ne ba tsaya karolo mo dikgaisanong tsa kwa Aforika tsa go tsenela Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Rugby sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro kwa Australia. Ka ngwaga wa idkete tse pedi le bone Botswana e ne ya fenya dikgaisano di le nne tsa boditšhabatšhaba ka go latelana, e fenya Tanzania, Swaziland, Nigeria le Mali. Morago ga moo Botswana e ne ya tsaya karolo mo dikgaisanong tsa Afrika tsa go tsenela Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Rugby sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa kwa Fora. Ba ne ba kgobokanngwa mo South Pool ya Round 1a, mmogo le ditšhaba tsa Zambia le Swaziland. Mo motshamekong wa bone wa ntlha kgatlhanong le Zambia kwa Lusaka, ba ne ba fenngwa ka masome a mabedi le borobabobedi go ya go masome a mabedi le bone. Le fa go ntse jalo, ba ne ba fenya motshameko wa bone wa bobedi ka lesome le borobabongwe go ya go lesome le bobedi kgatlhanong le Swaziland kwa Botswana. Ba ne ba fetsa ba le mo maemong a bobedi mme ba se ka ba fetela mo kgaisanong e e latelang. Rugby union mo Botswana e na le batshameki ba ba kwadisitsweng ba le 6,805. Le fa go ntse jalo, go nna gaufi ga Botswana le morafe o mogolo o o tshamekang rugby wa Aforika Borwa, le go gaisana le Zimbabwe mo dikopanong tsa mafatshe di le pedi, go dirile gore Botswana e nne le bajanala ba ba etelang dinaga tse dingwe le merafe e mengwe ya Aforika. 25] == Metswedi == s2f8w18hoz67x0f2aywxkc49laifqqe 0 14527 52790 2026-07-20T07:14:01Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Lesie (Cape Fox) 52790 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Vulpes chama (Etosha).jpg|thumb|Lesia le ja Nonyane e e godileng e e bidiwang helmeted guineafowl kwa Etosha National Park]] '''Phokojwe ya Kapa''' (Vulpes chama), e e bidiwang gape '''phokojwe ya asse''', phokojwe ya cama kgotsa p'''hokojwe e e nang le mokwatla wa selefera''', ke mofuta o monnye wa phokojwe, o o tlholegang mo borwa jwa Aforika.<ref>[[:en:W._Chris_Wozencraft|Wozencraft, W. C.]] (2005). [http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000868 "Order Carnivora"]. In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). ''[http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA532 Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference]'' (3rd&#x20;ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp.&#x20;532–628. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-8018-8221-0</bdi>. OCLC&#x20;62265494.</ref> Ke yone fela "phokoje ya nnete" e e fitlhelwang mo Sub-Saharan Africa, mme e na le mekgwa ya Vulpes ka gonne e ne ya farologana go sa le gale mo ditsong tsa thutotlhagelelo ya setlhopha.<ref name=":0">Child MF, Roxburgh L, Do Linh San E, Raimondo D, Davies-Mostert HT (2016). The red list of mammals of South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho (Report). South Africa: South African National Biodiversity Institute and Endangered Wildlife Trust.</ref> == Tlhaloso == [[Setshwantsho:Vulpes chama 01 MWNH 571.JPG|thumb|Legatla la Lesie]] Vulpes chama ke kanid e e bopegileng ka bonnye, gantsi e le boleele jwa 45 go ya go 62 cm (17.5 go ya go 24.5 in), go sa akarediwe mogatla wa yone, o gantsi o leng 30 go ya go 40 cm (12 go ya go 15.5 in). E boleele jwa 30 goya go 35 cm (12 goya go 14 in) mo legetleng, mme gantsi e le boima jwa 2.5 goya go 4.5 kg (5.5 goya go 9.9 lb).[ Lerapo la tlhogo le tshwana le la V. bengalensis, le fa gone lebogo la V. chama le le sephara go se kae mme karolo ya lerapo la tlhogo e khutshwane go se kae. <ref name=":1">Clutton-Brock, Juliet; Corbet, Gordon B; Hills, Michael (1976)[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2307344#page/180/mode/1up . "A review of the family Canidae, with a classification by numerical methods".] ''Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)''. '''29''': 117–199. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.6922</ref> Ditsebe tsa yone di ditona e bile di bogale, molomo wa yone o monnye e bile o motsu.Mmala wa Pelage ke o mosetlha wa selefera, o o serolwana kwa morago ga ditsebe, ka meriri e mesweu e e tlhagelelang go dikologa letlhakore la pinna mo bogareng.<ref name=":2">Lavoie, Maxime; Renard, Aurélie; Pitt, Justin A.; Larivière, Serge (2019). [[doi:10.1093/mspecies/sez002|"Vulpes chama (Carnivora: Canidae)"]]. ''Mammalian Species''. '''51''' (972): 11–17. doi:10.1093/mspecies/sez002. ISSN&#x20;0076-3519. S2CID&#x20;198261483.</ref> Mmala wa molala le matlhakore o mosweu, mme dikarolo tse di kwa tlase di bosetlha jo bo bosetlha go ya go bosetlha jo bo bosetlha. <ref name=":3">Sheldon, Jennifer W. (1992). [https://books.google.com/books?id=a63SBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA168 ''Wild dogs: the natural history of the non-domestic Canidae''.] San Diego: Academic Press. pp.&#x20;168–171. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-4832-6369-4</bdi>.</ref>Tlhogo ya yone ke e khibidu e bile lerama le le kwa tlase ke le le borokwa jo bo tseneletseng. Go na le matshwao a masweu mo mometsong. Maoto a na le mmala o mosetlha go feta mmele otlhe. <ref name=":1" /> Mosela wa yone o mokima e bile o na le ditlhatshana, mme o ka nna wa mmala wa selefera, wa mmala o o bosetlha, wa mmala o o borokwa jo bo nang le dintlha tse di borokwa kgotsa tse dintsho, kgotsa wa mmala o o serolwana.<ref name=":2" /> Ntlha ya mogatla ka gale e ntsho, mme go na le phatlha e ntsho mo godimo ga kgeleswa ya mogatla.<ref name=":3" /> Letsie le boleta e bile e na le boboa jo bo motsu jo bo motsu jo bo ka nnang boleele jwa 25 mm. Boboa jo bo kafa tlase bo apesitswe ka moriri o o sireletsang wa bokima jo bo kwa tlase ga 40 mm. Molt e diragala mo setlheng sa pula go tloga ka October go ya go November. <ref name=":2" />V. chama ga e na dimorphism ya bong. == Phasalatso le bonno == Cape fox ke yona fela mofuta wa mofuta wa Vulpes o o leng teng mo Afrika kwa borwa jwa ekhweitha. E nna thata mo mafelong a a omileng le a a omeletseng go sekae, fela mo dikarolong, jaaka fynbos biome ya Porofense ya Kapa bophirima jwa Aforika Borwa, mofuta ono o fitlha kwa mafelong a a nang le pula e ntsi le dimela tse di kitlaneng.<ref name=":4">Hoffmann, M. (2014). "[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/23060/46126992 ''Vulpes chama''"]. ''[[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''. '''2014''' e.T23060A46126992. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T23060A46126992.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.</ref> Mo dikgaolong tse di fa gare le tse di kwa bophirima jwa Aforika e e kwa borwa, mofuta ono o aname thata, o fitlha kwa bogareng jwa 15 ° N kwa borwa-bophirima jwa Angola.<ref>Crawford-Cabral JC (1989). "Distributional data and notes on Angolan carnivores (Mammalia: Carnivora) I. Small and median-sizes species". ''Garcia de Orta Serie de Zoologia''. '''14''' (2). Lisbon: 3–27.</ref>E aname thata mo [[Zimbabwe]], [[Botswana]], le [[Aforika Borwa|Aforika Borwa,]] e tlhagelela mo dikarolong tse dintsi tsa diporofense tsa Kapa Bophirima le Bokone, Kapa Botlhaba (ntle le letlhakore la borwabotlhaba), Foreisetata, bophirima le bokonebophirima jwa KwaZulu-Natal le porofense ya Bokone-Bophirima. E fitlhelwa gape kwa [[Lesotho]], kgaolo e e kwa godimo ya dithaba.<ref>[http://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_cape_fox.html Cape Fox"]. ''krugerpark.co.za''. Siyabona Africa. Retrieved 6 November 2020.</ref> == Boitsholo == Phokoje wa Kapa o nna bosigo mme o matlhagatlhaga thata pele fela ga mahube kgotsa morago ga phirimane; e ka bonwa mo mosong le maitseboa. Motshegare, gantsi e iphitlha mo dikhuting tse di ka fa tlase ga lefatshe, mo dikhuting, mo dikhuting kgotsa mo ditlhareng tse di kitlaneng. Ke moepi yo o matlhagatlhaga yo o tla epang mosima wa yona, le fa ka kakaretso e fetola mosima o o tlogetsweng wa mofuta o mongwe, jaaka springhare, go ya ka ditlhokego tsa yona tse di rileng.<ref name=":0" /> Diphokoje tsa Kapa di nna di le tsosi thata, mme le fa di bopa dipara tse di nyalaneng, tse ditonanyana le tse di namagadi gantsi di fitlhelwa di batla dijo di le tsosi.<ref name=":5">Nel, J.A.J (1 December 1984). [[doi:10.4102/koedoe.v27i2.582|"Behavioural ecology of canids in the South-Western Kalahari"]]. ''Koedoe''. '''27''' (2): 229–235. doi:[[doi:10.4102/koedoe.v27i2.582|10.4102/koedoe.v27i2.582.]]</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, nako le nako di ka kgobokana ka ditlhopha tse di sa gagamalang go ya go fepa. Le fa V. chama e bontsha matshwao a kgaolo, jaaka go tshwaya monko, go kopana ga lefelo la magae go a diragala.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6">Skinner, J. D.; Chimimba, Christian T. (2005). ''The mammals of the southern African subregion''. Cambridge. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-107-34099-2|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-107-34099-2</bdi>.]]</ref><ref name=":2" /> Le fa e le phokoje e e didimetseng ka tlwaelo, phokoje ya Kapa e itsege ka go buisana ka dipitso tse di bonolo, go lela kgotsa go tshegatshega. Le fa go ntse jalo, e tla ntsha modumo o o kwa godimo fa e tshogile. Go tlhalositswe go lela ga lentswe le le telele la go lela kgotsa go lela ga makwati, fela go bonala diphokoje tsa Kapa di sa bokolele.<ref name=":3" />Fa e le mo maikutlong a a bogale, phokoje ya Kapa e itsege ka go rora le go kgwa motlhasedi wa yona mathe. Di ka dirisa mefuta e mengwe ya puisano, jaaka dipopego tsa sefatlhego le go ema ga mogatla;<ref name=":2" />go supa boitumelo jwa yona, phokoje e tsholetsa mogatla wa yona, bogodimo jwa excitation of excitation gantsi. == Itshetso == === Dijo === Diphokoje tsa kwa Kapa di ja tsotlhe ka botlalo e bile di batla ditšhono, di ja thata ditshidinyana tse dinnye (jaaka dipeba) le ditshenekegi, mme gape di ja dinonyane, digagabi tse dinnye, ditopo le maungo ka tlwaelo.<ref name=":7">Klare, Unn; Kamler, Jan F.; Macdonald, David W. (June 2014). [[doi:10.2981/wlb.00006|"Seasonal diet and numbers of prey consumed by Cape foxes Vulpes chama in South Africa".]] ''Wildlife Biology''. '''20''' (3): 190–195. Bibcode:2014WildB..20..190K. doi:[[doi:10.2981/wlb.00006|10.2981/wlb.00006.]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86020958 S2CID&#x20;86020958.]</ref> Dijo tse dingwe di akaretsa: di-gerbil; dipeba tsa tshimo le dipeba tse ding tse nyane, mebutla, dinonyana; dintlhaga tsa dinonyane le mae, dilo tse di farologaneng tsa merogo, go akaretsa le maungo a naga, diberi, dipeo, medi le di-tuber; ditshenekegi, ditshenekegi, jaaka ditshoswane tse ditshweu, dikhukhwane le dibokwana tsa tsone, le tsie.<ref name=":3" /> Gape di ka ja diamusi tse dikgolo jaaka steenbok (Raphicerus campestris) le diphologolo tse dingwe tse di jang nama jaaka mongoose o mosetlha (Cynictis penicillata).<ref name=":2" /> Fa diphokoje tsa Kapa di begilwe di bolaya leruo, selekanyo sa go ja diruiwa ga se itsiwe.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />Dinku tsa selegae (Ovis aries) di ka nna le bolumu e e ka nnang 16.6% ya diteng tsa mpa ya yona, fela go lebega e ja fela dikonyana tse dinnye thata (tse di kwa tlase ga dikgwedi di le 3), go seng jalo di ka e ja fela jaaka setopo.<ref>Kok, O. B.; Nel, J. A. J. (24 November 2004). [[doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00409.x|"Convergence and divergence in prey of sympatric canids and felids: opportunism or phylogenetic constraint?: DIETS OF SYMPATRIC CANIDS AND FELIDS"]]. ''Biological Journal of the Linnean Society''. '''83''' (4): 527–538. doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00409.x|10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00409.x]]</ref>Di itsege ka go boloka dijo mo dikhuting.<ref name=":8">Rohde, K. (2003). [https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Vulpes_chama/ "''Vulpes chama''".] Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 6 November 2020.</ref> == Dipharasaete le dibatana tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe == Phokoje wa kwa Kapa e ka tsongwa ke [[ditau]] (Panthera leo) mme bana ba yona ba ka nna ba bolawa ke tshephe ya tswina (Mellivora capensis). Gape ka dinako tse dingwe e jewa ke diphokoje tse di nang le mokwatla o montsho (Canis mesomelas) le dibatana tse dingwe tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe, jaaka mangau a Aforika (Panthera pardus), dikarakale (Caracal caracal), le dinonyane tse di jang diphologolo tse dingwe, jaaka diphokojwe le maruarua.<ref name=":2" /> Gantsi e rwala [[Echinococcus granulosus]] jaaka pharasaete ya mo teng mme e ka nna ya tshelwa ke dinta.<ref name=":2" /> == Tsalo == Ka paka ya tsadiso, mo hemisefereng e e kwa borwa mariga dikgwedi tsa Phukwi le Phatwe,<ref name=":8" /> dipara tsa mosadi a le mongwe di ka diragala, fela nako le go tswelela go tswa ngwaga go ya ngwaga ga di itsiwe sentle.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6" />Bagolo ba ba kopaneng ka tlwaelo ba kopana fela ka nako ya go nyalana,<ref name=":2" /> fela go dupelela molomo kgotsa go tlhotlhora ("go dumedisa") go a diragala, fela jaaka go tlhotlhora mmele.<ref name=":5" /> [[Setshwantsho:Vulpes chama01.jpg|thumb|Diphokoje kwa Kapa kwa Phakeng ya Kgalagadi ya Kgalagadi]] Phokoje ya Kapa e namagadi e na le paka ya boimana ya malatsi a le 51 go ya go 53 mme e tsala letsopa la bana ba le nosi goya go thataro (kgotsa dikhitsi). Gantsi di bokete jwa 50 go ya go 100 g (1.8 go ya go 3.5 oz) fa di tsalwa. Fa di godisitswe ka fa tlase ga lefatshe mo dikhuting, ditsuane di nna gaufi le lesaka go fitlha di nna le dikgwedi di ka nna nnè. Ditshegadi di le mmalwa le tsone di ka nna tsa abelana ka nako e le nngwe lesaka le le lengwe. Dipotsane di kgwesiwa di le dibeke di ka nna thataro goya go robedi, fela ga di simolole go batla dijo go fitlha di nna le dikgwedi di le nne mme gantsi di tshamekela kwa ntle ka nako ya motshegare.<ref name=":5" /> Batsadi ka bobedi ba tlhokomela bana, ka e tonanyana gape e tlamela e namagadi ka dijo bonnye dibeke di le 1-2 morago ga pelegi. Dipotsane gantsi di ikemela ka nosi fa di le dikgwedi di le 5–11.5, fa di phatlalala (ka tlwaelo ka Seetebosigo kgotsa Phukwi). Dipodi tse dinnye di ka phatlalala 7–22 km (4.3–13.7 mi) go tswa mo lefelong la botsalo mme tse di namagadi di ka sala mo lefelong la tsona la botsalo.<ref name=":2" /> Bo Phokoje ba bangwe ba bannye ba Kapa di utswa dijo tse di tlisiwang kwa dikhiting kwa lefelong la tsone ke batsadi.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":3" /> Setlhopha sa lelapa gantsi se na le batsadi le bana ba bona, fela ditlhopha tse di farologaneng tsa lelapa ka dinako dingwe di a tlhakana ka nako ya phepô. Di-litter tse dintsi di a kgonega mme di lemogilwe; le fa go ntse jalo, gantsi namagadi e leleka dipotsanyane mo letsogong la bofelo fa e solofetse e nngwe. Diphokoje tsa kwa Kapa di gola ka botlalo mo sebakeng se se ka nnang ngwaga, ka bobedi e namagadi le e tona di fitlhelela kgolo ya thobalano ka dikgwedi di robabongwe . Phokoje ya Kapa e na le tsholofelo ya botshelo e e ka nnang dingwaga di le thataro, fela e ka tshela go fitlha go dingwaga di le lesome.<ref name=":8" /> == Tshomarelo == Tatlhegelo ya bonno ga e bonale e le ntlha e kgolo e e tlhotlheletsang maemo a tshomarelo ya phokoje ya Kapa; mo dikgaolong dingwe, go fetoga ga mekgwa ya temothuo go dirile gore go nne le katoloso ya lefelo la mofuta ono.<ref name=":4" /> Ka ge diphokoje tse go tsewa gore di ja leruo, bogolosegolo dikwana, gantsi di tlhaselwa ke balemirui. Di lebisitswe ka mekgwa e e farologaneng ya taolo, jaaka dirai tsa go tshwara maoto le tiriso e e seng ka fa molaong mme e aname ya botlhole jwa temothuo mo dipolaseng tsa kgwebo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201029020305/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/photo-ark-cape-fox/ "Photo Ark: Cape Fox".] ''National Geographic Society''. 27 November 2018. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2020.</ref> Dikgato tse tsa taolo ga di lebege di nnile le tshusumetso e kgolo mo dipalong tsa phokoje ya Kapa, ​​le fa di feletse ka phokotsego mo mafelong mangwe.<ref name=":4" />Gape gantsi di ineela mo malwetseng a a jaaka rabies le canine distemper, mme palo e kgolo ya diphokoje tsa Kapa di bolawa mo tseleng ke dikoloi. Ba le bantsi ba a tsomiwa le go bogisiwa jaaka ditshenekegi. Go bolawa batho ba ka nna dikete tse pedi le makgolo a matlhano ngwaga le ngwaga; e e ka nnang 16% ya baagi.<ref name=":8" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, dipalopalo tsa V. chama ga jaana di tlhomame go ralala lefelo lotlhe la tsona ka jalo ga e a kwalwa mo Lenaaneng le Lehibidu la IUCN.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == js6x0nnp59lh04ljzy3k1bf1gk6ldmn 0 14528 52793 2026-07-20T08:08:11Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Phiri e e Borokwa 52793 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Brown Hyena (Hyaena brunnea) leaving waterhole ... (50915531592), crop.jpg|thumb|Kwa Phakeng ya Bosetšhaba ya Gemsbok, Aforika Borwa]] '''Phiri e e borokwa''' (Parahyaena brunnea), e gape e bidiwang '''phiri ya motlhala''',<ref>''Shorter Oxford English dictionary''. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 2007. p.&#x20;3804. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-920687-2|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-19-920687-2</bdi>.]]</ref> ke mofuta wa phiri o o fitlhelwang kwa [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], bophirima le borwa jwa [[Zimbabwe]],<ref>Williams, Samual T.; Williams, Kathryn S.; Joubert, Christoffel J.; Hill, Russell A. (14 January 2016). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4728035 "The impact of land reform on the status of large carnivores in Zimbabwe"]. ''PeerJ''. '''4''' e1537. doi:10.7717/peerj.1537. PMC&#x20;4728035. PMID&#x20;26819838.</ref> borwa jwa [[Mozambique]], bophirima jwa [[Eswatini|Eswatini,]] le [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref name=":0">Nowak, Ronald (2005). [[iarchive:walkerscarnivore0000nowa|''Walker's carnivores of the world''.]] JHU Press. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8032-2|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-8018-8032-2</bdi>.]] <q>brown hyena.</q></ref>Ke yona fela mofuta o o leng teng mo mofuteng wa Parahyaena. Ga jaana ke mofuta o o sa tlwaelegang thata wa tshephe.<ref name=":1">''Chapter 4: Rich Man's Table'' from David MacDonald's ''The Velvet Claw'' BBC books, 1992</ref>Palo e kgolo e e setseng ya diphiri tse di borokwa e kwa borwa jwa [[Sekaka sa Kalahari]] le kwa mafelong a a fa lotshitshing lwa lewatle mo Borwabophirima jwa Aforika.<ref name=":2">Holekamp, Kay. [https://web.archive.org/web/20071224105140/http://www.hyaenidae.org/the-hyaenidae/brown-hyaena-parahyaena-brunnea.html "Home".] ''IUCN Hyaena Specialist Group''. IUCN. Archived from the original on 2007-12-24.</ref> Palo ya lefatshe ya tshephe e e borokwa e fopholediwa ke IUCN go nna palo e e fa gare ga dikete tse nne le dikete tse lesome mme maemo a yona a tshomarelo a tshwailwe jaaka a a gaufi le go tshosediwa mo Lenaaneng le Lehibidu la IUCN.<ref name=":3">Wiesel, I. (2015). [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10276/82344448 "''Parahyaena brunnea''"]. [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|''IUCN Red List of Threatened Species''.]] '''2015''' e.T10276A82344448. doi:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T10276A82344448.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T10276A82344448.en.]] Retrieved 7 January 2022.</ref> == Tlhaloso == Diphiri tse di borokwa di farologanngwa le mefuta e mengwe ka boboa jwa tsone jo boleele jo bo borokwa jo bontsho jo bo nang le boboa, ditsebe tse di motsu, le mogatla o mokhutshwane.<ref name=":4">Stuart, C.; Stuart, T. (1997). ''Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Africa''. London: Struik Publishers.</ref> Maoto a tsone a metsero e e borokwa le bosweu, mme tse di godileng di na le boboa jo bo tlhaolegileng jwa mmala wa tranelate mo melaleng ya tsone.<ref>Kingdom, J- (1997). ''The Kingdom Field''. London: Academic Press Limited.</ref> Meriri e e emeng e e fitlhang go 305 mm (12.0 in) ka boleele e khurumetsa molala le mokwatla le ditlhale ka nako ya boitshwaro jwa agonistic.<ref name=":0" />Boleele jwa mmele ke 144 cm (57 in) ka palogare ka selekanyo sa 130-160 cm (51-63 in).<ref name=":5">Schmidtke, Mike. [http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Hyaena_brunnea/ "Hyaena brunnea brown hyena"]. ''Animal Diversity Web''. University of Michigan</ref> Boleele jwa magetla ke 70-80 cm (28-31 in) mme mogatla o boleele jwa 25-35 cm (9.8-13.8 in).<ref name=":3" /> Go farologana le tshephe e kgolo e e nang le marontho, ga go na dipharologano tse di bonalang fa gare ga bong,<ref>Estes, Richard (1991). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=g977LsZHpcsC The behavior guide to African mammals:including hoofed mammals, carnivores,] primates''. University of California Press. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-520-08085-0</bdi>.</ref> le fa tse ditonanyana di ka nna dikgolo go le gonnye go feta tse di namagadi.<ref name=":0" /> Palogare ya monna yo o godileng e bokete jwa dikilogerama di le 40.2–43.7 (89–96 lb), fa palogare ya mosadi e le bokete jwa dikilogerama di le 37.7–40.2 (83–89 lb).<ref name=":0" /> Diphiri tse di borokwa di na le ditlhaa tse di maatla, mme diphologolo tse dinnye di kgona go thuba marapo a maoto a di-springbok mo metsotsong e le metlhano, le fa bokgoni jo bo senyega fa di ntse di gola le go onala ga meno.<ref name=":1" /> Ditlhogo tsa diphiri tse di borokwa di dikgolo go feta tsa diphiri tse di methalo tse di amanang gaufi, mme meno a tsona a nonofile thata, go supa go tlwaela dijo ka tsela e e kgethegileng.<ref>Heptner, V.G.; Sludskii, A.A. (1989). ''Mammals of the Soviet Union''. Vol.&#x20;II Part 2. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-90-04-08876-4|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-90-04-08876-4</bdi>.]]</ref> == Phatlalatso le bonno == Phiri e e borokwa e nna mo mafelong a sekaka, seka-sekaka, le savanna e e bulegileng ya dikgwa mo Borwa jwa Aforika.<ref name=":6">Mills, G.; Hes, L. (1997). "[[iarchive:completebookofso0000unse_x7h6/page/170|Brown hyena"]]. ''The Complete Book of Southern African Mammals''. Cape Town: Struik Publishers. pp.&#x20;170–171. [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-947430-55-5|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>0-947430-55-5</bdi>.]]</ref>Kwa [[Namib]], gape e nna gaufi le dikoloni tsa di-seal le mo ditoropong tse di tlogetsweng tsa meepo ya ditaemane.<ref>Skinner, J.D.; Van Aarde, R.J.; Goss, R.A. (1995). "Space and resource use by brown hyenas ''Hyaena brunnea'' in the Namib Desert". ''Journal of Zoology''. '''237''' (1): 123–131. doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1995.tb02751.x|10.1111/j.1469-7998.1995.tb02751.x.]]</ref>Ga e ikaege ka metswedi ya metsi go nwa kgapetsakgapetsa mme e rata mafelo a a nang le matlapa, a dithaba, ka gonne tseno di naya moriti.<ref name=":2" /> Rekoto ya difosele Gompieno, tshephe e e borokwa e nna fela mo Borwa jwa Aforika, ka tiragalo ya ntlha e e itsiweng mo kgaolong ka nako ya Late Pliocene e e ikaegileng ka masaledi go tswa kwa Makapansgat-Member 3, e e ka nnang dingwaga di le dimilione di le 2.85 go ya go di le 2.58 tse di fetileng.<ref>Patterson, D.B.; Faith, J.T.; Bobe, R.; Wood, B. (2014). "Regional diversity patterns in African bovids, hyaenids, and felids during the past 3 million years: the role of taphonomic bias and implications for the evolution of ''Paranthropus''". ''Quaternary Science Reviews''. '''96''': 9–22. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014QSRv...96....9P Bibcode:2014QSRv...96....9P.] doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.11.011|10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.11.011.]]</ref> E ka tswa e ne e nna gape kwa Setlhaketlhakeng sa Iberia mme gongwe le kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa Yuropa,<ref>Diedrich, C.G. (2023). "IceAgeSafari in Central Europe along the Rhine Valley migration channel – Mid-Late Pleistocene spotted, brown, stripped hyena palaeobiogeography and evolution". [[:en:Acta_Zoologica|''Acta Zoologica''.]] '''105''' (1): 81–133. doi:10.1111/azo.12455.</ref> go supiwa ke masaledi a a fitlhetsweng kwa Fonelas 1 gaufi le Granada a a kwadilweng ka nako ya Pliocene ya Bofelo.<ref>Arribas, A.; Garrido, G.; Viseras, C.; Soria, J.M.; Pla, S.; Solano, J.G.; Garcés, M.; Beamud, E.; Carrión, J.S. (2009). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2745751 "A Mammalian Lost World in Southwest Europe during the Late Pliocene"]. ''PLoS One''. '''4''' (9) e7127. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PLoSO...4.7127A 2009PLoSO...4.7127A]. [[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007127]]. PMC&#x20;2745751. PMID&#x20;19774089.</ref> <ref>Arribas, A.; Garrido, G.; Palmqvist, P. (2003). [http://www.igme.es/museo/fonelas/ficheros%20pdf/Geotemas2003a.pdf "Primera cita de Hyaena (''Parahyaena'') ''brunnea'' (Thunberg, 1820) (Mammalia, Carnivora) fuera de África: el registro del yacimiento del Plioceno superior de Fonelas P-1 (Cuenca de Guadix-Baza, Granada, España)"] (PDF). ''Geotemas''. '''5''': 37–39.</ref>Ga go tlhomamisege gore a dikao tsa diphiri tsa Fonelas ke diphiri tse di borokwa ka nnete.<ref>Palombo, M.R.; Sardella, R.; Novelli, M. (2008). "Carnivora dispersal in Western Mediterranean during the last 2.6Ma". [[:en:Quaternary_International|''Quaternary International''.]] Quaternary of Baikalia: Stratigraphy, paleontology and paleoenvironments of the Pliocene-Pleistocene of Transbaikalia and interregional correlations. '''179''' (1): 176–189. Bibcode:2008QuInt.179..176P. [[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2007.08.029|doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2007.08.029.]]</ref> Diphiri tse di borokwa tsa pele tsa Pleistocene di itsege ka go ja di-hominins, le fa go sa tlhaloganyesege gore a seno se ne se dira go tlhotlhora kgotsa go ja diphologolo tse dingwe.<ref>Arriaza, M.C.; Aramendi, J.; Maté-González, M.Á.; Yravedra, J.; Stratford, D. (2021). "The hunted or the scavenged? Australopith accumulation by brown hyenas at Sterkfontein (South Africa)". ''[[:en:Quaternary_Science_Reviews|Quaternary Science Reviews]]''. '''273''' 107252. Bibcode:2021QSRv..27307252A. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107252. hdl:10366/155638.</ref> Ka nako ya Pleistocene ya Bogare, e ne e nna mo lefelong le jaanong e leng Kenya.<ref>Werdelin, L.; Barthelme, J. (1997). "Brown hyena (''Parahyaena brunnea'') from the Pleistocene of Kenya". [[:en:Journal_of_Vertebrate_Paleontology|''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology''.]] '''17''' (4): 758–761. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997JVPal..17..758W Bibcode:1997JVPal..17..758W.] [[doi:10.1080/02724634.1997.10011025|doi:10.1080/02724634.1997.10011025.]]</ref> Matlwana a boithomelo a a dirilweng ke diphiri tse di borokwa a ribolotswe mo Aforika Borwa go tloga ka nako ya Pleistocene e e Bogare.<ref>Berger, L.R.; Pickering, R.; Kuhn, B.; Backwell, L.; Hancox, P.J.; Kramers, J.D.; Boshoff, P. (2009). "A Mid-Pleistocene in situ fossil brown hyaena (''Parahyaena brunnea'') latrine from Gladysvale Cave, South Africa". ''[[:en:Palaeogeography,_Palaeoclimatology,_Palaeoecology|Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]]''. '''279''' (3): 131–136. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PPP...279..131B Bibcode:2009PPP...279..131B.] [[doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.05.004|doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.05.004.]]</ref> Go na le kgonagalo ya gore Parahyaena e ka tswa e tshwana le Pachycrocuta e e sa tlholeng e le teng, mme seno se dira gore tshephe e e borokwa e nne yona fela leloko le le sa ntseng le le teng la mofuta ono.<ref>Pérez-Claros, J.A. (2024). [[doi:10.26879/1372|"Unravelling the origin of the brown hyena (''Parahyena brunnea'') and its evolutionary and paleoecological implications for the Pachycrocuta lineage".]] ''Palaeontologia Electronica''. [[doi:10.26879/1372|doi:10.26879/1372.]]</ref> Bakwadi ba bangwe le fa go ntse jalo ga ba tshegetse boemo jo bo ntseng jalo.<ref>Martínez-Navarro, B.; Madurell-Malapeira, J.; Bartolini-Lucenti, S.; Lordkipanidze, D.; Rook, L. (2025). [https://flore.unifi.it/bitstream/2158/1422034/1/10_Martinez-Navarro%20et%20al_2025.pdf "The giant short-faced hyaena from Dmanisi: taxonomy and palaeobiology"] (PDF). ''Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana''. '''64''' (1): 107–131. [[doi:10.4435/BSPI.2025.07|doi:10.4435/BSPI.2025.07.]]</ref> == Ikholoji le boitshwaro == Kwa Kalahari, 80% ya nako ya tiro ya tshephe e e borokwa e dirisiwa bosigo, e batla dijo mo lefelong le le akaretsang 31.1 km (19.3 mi) ka palogare, ka mafelo a 54.4 km (33.8 mi) a a kwadilweng.<ref name=":7">Mills, M.G.L (1990). ''[[iarchive:kalaharihyenasco0000mill|Kalahari hyaenas: the comparative behavioral ecology of two species]]''. London: Unwim Hyman. [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-04-445328-0|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>0-04-445328-0</bdi>.]]</ref> Di ka nna tsa boloka dijo tse di feteletseng mo ditlhareng kgotsa mo dikhuting mme tsa di bona mo lobakeng lwa diura di le masome a mabedi le bone.<ref name=":0" /> == Maitsholo a loago == [[Setshwantsho:Hyaena brunnea 1zz.jpg|thumb|Legata kwa Musiamong wa Bosetšhaba wa Ditso ya Tlhago, kwa Lebenkeleng la Bosetšhaba kwa Washington, D.C.]] Diphiri tse di borokwa di boloka tatelano e e tlhomameng ya lotso ya batho ba le bane go ya go ba le barataro ba ba amanang ka para e e nyalaneng le bana ba tsona; e tona e ka tlhatloga ka maemo ka go bolaya e tona ya maemo a a kwa godimo mo thulanong, fa e namagadi ya alpha gantsi e le fela e namagadi e kgolo go gaisa mo losikeng.<ref name=":4" /> Dikgotla di sireletsa kgaolo ya tsone, mme maloko otlhe a dirisana mmogo mo go godiseng dipotsanyane.<ref name=":4" /> Dikgaolo di tshwailwe ka go 'kgomaretsa' mo dimeleng le mo matlapeng a magolo,<ref>Mills, M.G.L.; Gorman, M.L.; Mills, M.E.J. (1980). "The scent marking behaviour of the brown hyaena Hyaena brunnea". ''South African Journal of Zoology''. '''15''' (4): 240–248. [[doi:10.1080/02541858.1980.11447718]]</ref> ka nako eo tshephe e tsenyang ditlhatswa go tswa mo kgelesweng ya yona e kgolo ya marago, e e leng ka fa tlase ga motheo wa mogatla mme e ntsha pheisete e ntsho le e tshweu.<ref name=":6" /> Go fuduga go tlwaelegile mo ditsong tsa diphiri tse di borokwa, bogolosegolo mo banneng ba bannye, ba ba kopanang le ditlhopha tse dingwe fa ba fitlha mo bogolong.<ref name=":0" /> == Dijo == [[Setshwantsho:Five cheetahs were feeding on a Springbok kill one morning in th (34407780271).jpg|thumb|Phiri e e borokwa e utswa dipolao tsa springbok mo di-cheetah tse di tlileng go bolokwa gaufi le yone]] [[Setshwantsho:Brown hyena with food in mouth - DPLA - 2d1ac7c7911d980594bb59f38aacd73b.jpg|thumb|Phiri e e borokwa e na le dijo mo molomong]] Phiri e e borokwa ke setshedi se se tlhotlhorang thata. Bontsi jwa dijo tsa yona bo na le ditopo tse di bolailweng ke dibatana tse dikgolo tse di jang ditshedi tse dingwe, fela e tlaleletsa dijo tsa yona ka dipeba, dinonyane tse dinnye, ditshenekegi, mae, mantle, maungo a a tshwanang le tsama melon Citrullus lanatus var. vulgaris, magapu a hookeri Cucumis africanus le magapu a gemsbok Acanthosicyos naudinianus), le truffle ya sekaka (Kalaharituber pfeilii).<ref>Trappe, J.M.; Claridge, A.W.; Arora, D.; Smit, W.A. (2008). "Desert truffles of Kalahari: ecology, ethnomycology and taxonom6. S2CID&#x20;34319584.y". ''Economic Botany''. '''62''' (3): 521–529. [[Doi:10.1007/s12231-008-9027-|doi:10.1007/s12231-008-9027-]]</ref> Diphofu tse phelang di etsa karolo e nyane feela ya dijo tsa yona. Kwa Sekakang sa Kalahari se se kwa borwa, mefuta e e jaaka springhare, gemsbok, dikwana tsa springbok, pitse ya naga ya ga Burchell, diphokoje tse di nang le ditsebe tsa bommamathwane, di-korhaan, diphuka tse di nang le serwalatlhogo le nonyane ya guinea e e nang le helemete di dira 4.2% ya dijo tsa yona,<ref name=":7" /> fa mo di-capeal tse di nang le boboa jwa Namib le di-jack co- e bopa 2.9% ya dijo.<ref>Goss, R.A. (1986). ''The influence of food source on the behavioral ecology of brown hyaenas'' Hyaena brunnea ''in the Namib Desert''. Pretoria: University of Pretoria. [[hdl:2263/83228|hdl:2263/83228.]]</ref> E na le monko o o kgethegileng mme e kgona go bona ditopo dikilometara di le dintsi go tswa foo.<ref name=":6" /> Ke kleptoparasite e e bogale, e gantsi e bolayang diphokoje tse di nang le mokwatla o montsho, di-cheetah le mangau.<ref name=":8">Owens, M.; Owens, D. (1984). [[iarchive:cryofkalahari00owen/page/133|''Cry of the Kalahari''.]] Houghton Mifflin. pp.&#x20;133–135. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-395-32214-7|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-395-32214-7</bdi>.]]</ref>Diphiri tse di borokwa tse di nosi di tlhasela mangau di tshwere ditlhaa tsa tsona di bulegile mme di kgona go tlhasela mangau a matona a a godileng.<ref name=":8" /> Di lemogilwe di tlhoma mangau mo ditlhareng le fa go ne go se na polao e e neng e le mo kganetsanong.<ref>Owens, D.; Owens, M. (1980). "Hyenas of the Kalahari". ''Natural History''. '''89''' (2): 50. [[hdl:2263/83228|hdl:2263/83228.]]</ref> Kwa Sekakeng sa Kalahari, gantsi ke tsone diamusi tse di jang nama tse di laolang tse di leng teng ka ntlha ya boitshwaro jono jo bo bogale le go tlhaela ga ditau, diphiri tse di marontho le ditlhopha tsa dintša tsa naga tsa Aforika. Mo mafelong a mafelo a tsona a kopanang, diphiri tse di borokwa di ka nna, mo makgetlong a a sa tlwaelegang, tsa bolawa ke diphiri tse di marontho le ditau.<ref name=":3" />Diphiri tse di borokwa le tsone di ka bolawa bonolo ke dintša tsa naga le diphokoje.<ref name=":5" /> == Tsalo == Diphiri tse di borokwa tse di namagadi di na le polyestrous mme ka tlwaelo di ntsha matlakala a tsona a ntlha fa di le dingwaga di le pedi. Di nyalana thata go tloga ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Phatwe. Ditonyana le tse di namagadi mo losikeng lo le longwe gantsi ga di nyalane le tse dingwe; go na le moo, tse di namagadi di tla nyalana le tse ditonanyana tse di tsamayatsamayang.<ref name=":6" /> Ditona tsa letso ga di bontshe go gana maitsholo a mme di thusa tse di namagadi go godisa dintšanyana.<ref name=":1" />Dinamagadi di tsala mo dikhuting, tse di fitlhegileng mo dithoteng tsa motlhaba tse di kgakala le mafelo a diphiri tse di marontho le ditau. Paka ya boimana e ka nna dikgwedi di le tharo.<ref name=":6" /> Dinamagadi ka kakaretso di tsala lesedi le le lengwe mo dikgweding dingwe le dingwe di le masome a mabedi . Gantsi, ke fela tse di namagadi tse di laolang tse di tsalang; le fa go ntse jalo, fa di-litter tse pedi di tsholwa mo losikeng lo le longwe, tse di namagadi di amusa dintšanyana tsa tse dingwe, le fa di rata tsa tsone.<ref name=":1" /> Di-litters gantsi di na le dintšanyana di le 1–5, tse di bokete jwa 1 kg (2.2 lb) fa di tsalwa.<ref name=":0" /> Bana ba tsholwa ba tswetse matlho mme ba a bula morago ga malatsi a le robedi. Di kgwesiwa fa di le dikgwedi di le lesome le bobedi mme di tswe mo dikhuting tsa tsona morago ga dikgwedi di le lesome le borobabobedi .<ref name=":0" /> Ditokololo tsotlhe tse di godileng tsa lotso di tlisetsa dintšanyana dijo.<ref name=":1" /> Ga di kgwesiwe ka botlalo mme ga di tswe mo tikologong ya lesaka la tsona go fitlha di fitlha dikgwedi di le lesome le bone.<ref name=":0" /> Di fitlha kwa bogolong jo bo tletseng fa di le dikgwedi di ka nna masome a mabararo.<ref name=":6" /> == Matshosetsi le maemo a tshomarelo == Palo ya diphiri tse di borokwa mo lefatsheng lotlhe e fopholediwa go nna 4,000 go ya go 10,000.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> E kwadilwe jaaka e e Gaufi le go Tshosediwa mo Lenaaneng le Lehibidu la IUCN.Matshosetsi a magolo mo tshepheng e e borokwa ke pogiso ya batho, e e ikaegileng ka tumelo e e fosagetseng ya gore e kotsi mo diruiweng. Balemirui ba fitlhela diphiri tse di borokwa di tlhotlhora ditopo tsa leruo mme ba tsaya ka phoso gore diphiri di bolaile diphologolo tsa bona.[26] Dikarolo tsa mmele tsa tshephe e sootho le tsona di sebediswa ka dinako tse ding bakeng sa meriana ya setso le meetlo. Phiri e e borokwa ga e batlege thata mo go tsomeng sekgele.[8] Go na le mafelo a le mmalwa a tshomarelo a e leng legae la tshephe e e borokwa, go akaretsa le Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Etosha kwa Namibia, Lefelo la Diphologolo la Kalahari Bogare kwa Botswana le Phaka ya Kgalagadi Transfrontier.[8] Go tlhokomela mafelo ano a a sireleditsweng go thusa mo tshomarelong ya diphologolo tseno. Matsholo a thuto a dirisiwa go rotloetsa temogo ka ga diphiri le go fedisa dikinane tse di renang, fa batho ba ba nang le mathata ba tlosiwa mo masimong le mo mafelong a ditoropo.[8] == Metswedi == mmp7g0siheg1otqf0hso63663m06j5o 0 14529 52794 2026-07-20T08:11:44Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Lebala la Difofane la Sua Pan 52794 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lebala la Difofane la Sua Pan kgotsa Sowa Airport''' (IATA: SXN, ICAO: FBSN) ke boemo jwa difofane jwa dikilometara di le lesome le motso (6.8 mi) kwa [[bophirima jwa Sowa]], toropo ya [[Central District]] ya [[Botswana]]. Tsela ya go fofa e fa gare ga bokone le borwa jwa lekadiba la [[Sua Pan]] (le gape le itsegeng e le Sowa Pan), e leng lekadiba la letswai le mo go lone go epelwang sodium carbonate (soda ash). Sowa e raya letswai ka puo ya Ba-San.<ref>[http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/attractions/sowa_pan.html Sowa Pan]. Botswana Tourism Board. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220190142/http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/attractions/sowa_pan.html|date=2011-02-20}}</ref><ref>Murphy, Alan (2007). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=AijmBeQ9_r8C&q=sua+sowa+pan&pg=PA99 Southern Africa]'' (4th&#x20;ed.). Lonely Planet. p.&#x20;99. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-74059-745-6</bdi>. OCLC&#x20;156530975.</ref> == Metswedi == 7kccy5rxk8e4lzex62c97h36u5pgeae 0 14530 52800 2026-07-20T09:30:49Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Seporo sa Trans-Kalahari 52800 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Seporo sa Trans-Kalahari''' ke seporo se se rulagantsweng se se tla golaganyang toropo ya Walvis Bay kwa [[Namibia]] le [[Gaborone]], motsemogolo wa [[Botswana]]. Seporo se se akantshiwang se ikaeletse go tokafatsa kgwebo ya kgaolo le tlhabololo ya ikonomi ka go tlamela ka tsela e e botoka le e e tlhwatlhwatlase ya dipalangwa tsa dithoto tse di romelwang kwa Botswana, Namibia le Aforika Borwa ka kakaretso. Seporo se tla oketsa bokgoni jwa go rwala dithoto mo ditseleng tsa dipalangwa tse di pitlaganeng tsa [[Southern African Development Community (SADC]]). Gape go solofetswe go tlamela ka phitlhelelo e kgolwane kwa mebarakeng ya lefatshe go dinaga tse dingwe tse di sa tseneng mo lewatleng mo kgaolong jaaka [[Malawi]], [[Zambia]] le [[Zimbabwe]], gammogo le go letla gore go nne le kgokagano ya kgwebisano e e kopaneng magareng ga Aforika Borwa le [[Aforika Borwa]] yotlhe.<ref name=":0">M, Patrick (2019-01-22). [https://constructionreviewonline.com/news/construction-of-us-9-5m-trans-kalahari-railway-to-commence/ "US$ 9.5bn Trans-Kalahari railway project yet to kick off, a decade since inception"]. ''Constructionreview''. Retrieved 2024-11-20.</ref> == Ditso == [[Setshwantsho:B6 bei Witvlei Namibia (2018).jpg|thumb|setswantso se se supang fa seporo sa Trans -Kalahari ]] Kgopolo ya go aga seporo sa Trans-Kalahari Railway e ntse e buiwa ka dingwagangwaga. Go simolola ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008), puso ya Botswana e ne ya kopa thuso ya setegeniki go tswa go Public Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF) go dira thutopatlisiso ya pele ya go kgona go dirwa ya Trans-Kalahari Railway e e neng e tla golaganya botlhaba jwa Botswana le maemakepe kwa Walvis Bay kgotsa kwa Lüderitz kwa lobopong lwa Atlantic lwa Namibia. PPIAF e ne ya thusa go duelela patlisiso e, e e neng ya akantsha tsela ya [[Mmamabula-Walvis Bay]] jaaka tsela e e tlhwatlhwa-tlase ka ntlha ya sekgala sa yone se sekhutshwane, lefelo le le bonolo, le ditlhokego tsa go aga tse di kwa tlase. Go ne ga tlhophiwa boemakepe jwa Walvis Bay go na le jwa Lüderitz ka ntlha ya ditshenyegelo tse di kwa godimo tse di amanang le tsela ya terena ya kwa Lüderitz, go akaretsa le go dira dithanele le dikgwetlho tsa tikologo. Thutopatlisiso e ne ya tlhalosa gape gore porojeke e ne e ka se atlege kwa ntle ga madi a puso, mme e ne ya tshitshinya gore [[Public Private Partnership (PPP)]] e ka nna kgetho e e botoka ya madi.<ref name=":1">World Bank (March 2012). [https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/459971468198535481/pdf/755950PPIAF0As00Box374359B00PUBLIC0.pdf "PPIAF Assistance in the Republic of Botswana"] (PDF). ''World Bank''. Retrieved 20 November 2024.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010), dipuso tsa Namibia le Botswana di ne tsa saena Memorandum of Understanding ka ga porojeke e e tlhalosang maikaelelo a bone a go aga tsela e ntšhwa ya seporo magareng ga dinaga tse pedi. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">Johnson, Mark-Anthony (2023-10-31). [https://furtherafrica.com/2023/10/31/namibia-and-botswana-trans-kalahari-railway-construction-set-for-2025/ "Namibia and Botswana Trans Kalahari railway construction set for 2025"]. ''FurtherAfrica''. Retrieved 2024-11-20.</ref><ref>[https://tkrpmo.com/ "Home - TKR-PMO".] Retrieved 2024-11-20</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011) puso ya Botswana e ne ya saena tumelano ya kadimo ya diranta di le dimilione di le makgolo a mane le [[Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Fund for International Development]] go diragatsa porojeke, go akaretsa go duelela dithuto tsa tlaleletso tsa Seporo sa Trans-Kalahari, le dikholoro tse dingwe tse pedi (Mmamabula- Ellisras, le Mosetse-Kazungula). Gape go ne ga itsisiwe gore puso e ne e batla motho yo o tla dirang kopo ya go aga seporo sa terena sa Trans-Kalahari sa dikilometara di le sekete le masome a matlhano , sa madi a a kana ka diranta di le dibilione di le borobabongwe . Go ya ka Botswana [[Ministry of Transport and Communications]], kago ya seporo e ne e solofetswe go wediwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>[https://www.icafrica.org/en/news-events/infrastructure-news/article/work-on-new-botswana-railway-project-to-begin-next-year-2041/ "Work on new Botswana railway project to begin next year".] ''ICA''. Retrieved 2024-11-20.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), dipuso tsa Namibia le Botswana di ne tsa saena tumalano e e malebana le tsela e porojeke eno e tla tsamayang ka yone, mmogo le dintlha tse di malebana le mafelo a boemakepe kwa Walvis Bay. Tsela e tla latela tsela ya [[Trans-Kalahari Corridor (TKC)]] e e setseng e le teng, mme boemakepe bo tla nna le boemelakepe jwa dithoto tse di omileng le boemelakepe jwa magala jo bo nang le maemelo a le matlhano. Mo kopanong eo, motho mongwe yo o bidiwang Hangula-Paulino o ne a bolela gore seporo seno se tla tsamaya ka tsela ya TKC go feta Gobabis go ya Omitara, go ya kwa bophirima go ya [[Okahandja|Okahandja,]] go tswa foo go ya kwa Walvis Bay. Kwa Botswana, tsela e e tla simolola kwa masimong a mmamabula a magala a a golaganyang le seporo sa terena se se leng teng go ya kwa [[Rasesa]], go ya kwa bophirima le go feta kwa bokone jwa [[Molepolole]] le kwa botlhaba jwa [[Letlhakeng]], go kopana le tsela ya Molepolole-Kang le go ya kwa mmung wa Mamuno.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">[https://africaresearchonline.wordpress.com/2015/09/24/botswana-namibia-trans-kalahari-railway/ "Botswana-Namibia: Trans-Kalahari Railway"]. ''Africa Research Online''. 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2024-11-20.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), dipuso tse pedi di ne tsa kopana gape go tlotla ka porojeke eno. Kwa tshimologong go ne go solofetswe gore e tla bo e simolotse go dira ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017) mme e tsaya dingwaga di le tlhano fela go agiwa, porojeke e ne ya tlogelwa go fitlha e tsosolosiwa mo kopanong ya boporesidente ka bobedi.<ref name=":4">Sun, Namibian; Tlhage, Ogone (2019-01-28). [https://www.namibiansun.com/news/new-lease-of-life-for-trans-kalahari-rail2019-01-28 "New lease of life for Trans-Kalahari rail"]. ''Namibian Sun''. Retrieved 2024-11-20.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le motso (2021), Komiti ya Palamente ya Mekgatlho ya Molao le Dikgwebo tsa Puso kwa Botswana (PCSB&SE) e ne ya bontsha matshwenyego go Botswana Railways (BR) ka go diega go tsenngwa tirisong ga porojeke ya seporo, e bolela gore thulaganyo ya tshimologo ya seporo e ne e tlogetswe gotlhelele, gore ditumalano tsa pele tsa puso di ne di itlhokomolosiwa.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022), dinaga tse pedi di ne tsa boeletsa maitlamo a tsone mo porojekeng eno, mme ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro (2023), badiredi ba tsa dipalangwa go tswa kwa Namibia le Botswana ba ne ba kopana mo pokanong e e kgethegileng ya komiti e e kopaneng ya ditona (JMC) ka porojeke eno. [[John Mutorwa]] le molekane wa gagwe go tswa kwa Botswana, [[Eric Molale]], ba ne ba le teng mme ba ne ba etelela pele JMC kwa Windhoek mme ba bolela gore Expression of Interest (EOI) e tla simolola ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le borataro go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro (2023), mme morago ga moo go tla latela kgato ya pele ya go tlhophiwa magareng ga kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro (2023) le kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024). Se se tla latelwa ke Dikopo tsa Ditlhagiso (RFP) ka dikgwedi di le tharo go tloga ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), mme kgato ya tlhabololo kgotsa ya go aga e tla simolola ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025).<ref name=":2" /><ref>[https://www.botswanarailways.co.bw/official-opening-trans-kalahari-railway-joint-ministerial-committee-jmc-meeting "OFFICIAL OPENING OF THE TRANS KALAHARI RAILWAY JOINT MINISTERIAL COMMITTEE (JMC) MEETING | Botswana Railways".] ''www.botswanarailways.co.bw''. Retrieved 2024-11-20.</ref><ref>kirwa (2023-10-26). [https://constructionreviewonline.com/construction-news/resumption-of-the-trans-kalahari-railway-tkr-line-expansion-between-botswana-and-namibia/ "Resumption of the Trans-Kalahari Railway (TKR) line expansion Between Botswana and Namibia".] ''Constructionreview''. Retrieved 2024-11-20.</ref><ref>admin (2023-09-25). [https://www.cweic.org/botswana-trade-and-investment-centre-supporting-expressions-of-interest-in-the-trans-kalahari-railway-project/ "Botswana Trade And Investment Centre Supporting Expressions Of Interest In The Trans-Kalahari Railway Project"]. ''CWEIC''. Retrieved 2024-11-20.</ref> Ka nako ya kopano ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro (2023), [[Eric Molale]] o ne gape a bolela gore porojeke e ne e le botlhokwa go feta pele, jaaka Transnet "e kgaratlhela go romela dithoto" mme ka jalo e ne e kgoreletsa ikonomi ya Botswana.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-12-19/crumbling-south-african-rail-prompts-botswana-to-forge-new-route "Crumbling South African Rail Prompts Botswana to Forge New Route"]. ''Bloomberg.com''. 2023-12-19. Retrieved 2024-11-20.</ref><ref>[https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/plan-for-rail-line-through-botswana-gathering-momentum-due-to-transnet-failures/ar-AA1lKMn4 "MSN"]. ''www.msn.com''. Retrieved 2024-11-20.</ref> == Tsela le Bokgoni == Mafelo a Walvis Bay, Mmamabula le Gaborone Go solofetswe gore seporo seno se tla dirisiwa thata go tsamaisa dithoto ka gonne tsela eno e tla golaganya madirelo go na le go golaganya mafelo a a nang le batho ba bantsi. Mogala o o diretswe go tsamaisa malatlha go tswa kwa masimong a malatlha a Mmamabula go ya kwa boemakepeng jwa Walvis Bay, ka kakanyo ya gore o tla romela ditone di le dimilione di le masome a robabongwe tsa malatlha ngwaga le ngwaga go tswa Botswana go ya India le China.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Tsela e tla latela tsela ya [[Trans-Kalahari Corridor (TKC)]] go feta Gobabis go ya Omitara, go ya bophirima go ya [[Okahandja]], le go ya kwa Walvis Bay. Kwa Botswana, tsela e e tla simolola kwa masimong a mmamabula a magala a a golaganyang le seporo sa terena se se leng teng go ya kwa Rasesa, go ya kwa bophirima le go feta kwa bokone jwa Molepolole le kwa botlhaba jwa Letlhakeng, go kopana le tsela ya Molepolole-Kang le go ya kwa mmung wa Mamuno.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Tsela eno e tshwanetse go golaganya marangrang a seporo sa [[Botswana]] le a seporo sa Namibia, mme gape e tla golaganya Namibia le ditsela tsa seporo sa Botswana go ya [[Zambia]], [[Zimbabwe]] le [[Aforika Borwa|Afrika Borwa]]. == Metswedi == bvry2tnz5um34mka3aqpdj5vnwomanb 0 14531 52802 2026-07-20T10:15:01Z Lucrucia98 12161 #Wikipedia25BW ke ranotse tsebe ya Seporo sa Mmamabula-Lephalale 52802 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mmamabula -Lephalale''' ke seporo se se akantsweng sa seporo se se ikaelelang go golaganya mafelo a mmamabula a magala mo [[Botswana pula|Botswana]] le Lephalale mo [[Aforika Borwa.]] Maikaelelo magolo a porojeke eno ke go tsamaisa magala go tswa kwa Botswana go ya kwa Afrika Borwa go ya go tlhagisa motlakase, mme go ka nna ga romelwa magala kwa dinageng tse dingwe go tswa kwa maemakepeng a Afrika Borwa. Seporo se se ikaelela go samagana le dikgwetlho tsa logistic tse di tlhagisiwang ke lefatshe la Botswana le le senang lewatle, fa go ntse go rotloediwa tshwaragano ya ikonomi ya kgaolo le tirisanommogo magareng ga dinaga tse pedi. Ke leano le legolo la go atolosa marangrang a seporo sa [[Aforika Borwa]], mmogo le marangrang a seporo sa [[Botswana]]. == Se se diragetseng == Botswana e na le ditsha tse dintsi tsa magala, segolobogolo kwa kgaolong ya Mmamabula, e e kwa karolong e e kwa borwabotlhaba jwa naga eno. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka ntlha ya go bo Botswana e se na kgoro ya lewatle, e na le mathata a go romela meamuso ya yone ya magala kwa dinageng tse dingwe. Aforika Borwa, e e nang le mafaratlhatlha a a tlhomameng a seporo le go kgona go tsena mo maemakepeng a boditšhabatšhaba, ke tsela ya tlholego ya go romela magala kwa dinageng di sele. Thulaganyo e e tlhagisitswe jaaka e e tokafatsang thomelontle go kgabaganya lebopo la Aforika Botlhaba, segolo thata ka boemakepe jwa Richards Bay. Masimo a Mmamabula a magala a dikilometara tse di ka nnang lekgolo la masome a matlhano go tswa kwa Lephalale, lefelo la botlhokwa la madirelo mo porofenseng ya Limpopo ya Aforika Borwa, e e leng legae la diteišene tse dikgolo tsa maatla a motlakase tse di letlang mmaraka o mogolo wa magala a Botswana. Lephalale gape e golagane le neteweke ya seporo sa setšhaba sa Aforika Borwa, e e dirang lefelo le le gaisang la go romela ntle dikumo tsa kakaretso go ya mmarakeng wa lefatshe.<ref name=":0">[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-07-31/botswana-south-africa-seek-funds-for-230-million-railway-line-for-coal "Botswana, South Africa Seek Funds for $230 Million Minerals Line".] ''Bloomberg.com''. 2023-07-31. Retrieved 2024-12-12</ref> <ref>kirwa (2023-08-02). [https://constructionreviewonline.com/construction-news/south-africa/botswana-and-south-africa-pursue-financing-for-the-mmamabula-lephalale-link/ "Botswana and South Africa pursue financing for the Mmamabula-Lephalale link"]. ''Constructionreview''. Retrieved 2024-12-12</ref><ref>Kirwa, Alex (2019-02-04). [https://constructionreviewonline.com/news/botswana-to-construct-heavy-haul-railway-that-will-link-with-south-africa/ "The Botswana-South Africa freight rail link to be revamped in 24 months"]. ''Constructionreview''. Retrieved 2024-12-12.</ref> == Tsela e e akantshiwang == Mafelo a Dinbete, Mmamabula, Dovedale le Lephalale. Tsela e e akantsweng e tswa mo tseleng e kgolo ya Botswana, e kgaogana ka karolo e e fa gare ga Dibete le Dinokwe. Morago ga moo tsela e ne e tla ya kwa Botlhaba, e kgabaganya Noka ya Bonwapitse ka bonako fela fa e sena go kopana le Noka ya Serorome. Go tswa foo e ya kwa botlhaba ka tsela e e sekameng go ya bokone, e ya bokone jwa Dovedale. Go tswa foo e ya kwa Nokeng ya Limpopo, e kgabaganya molelwane wa Afrika Borwa morago ga go kopana ga Noka ya Mahalapye mme pele ga Noka ya Bonwapitse e kopana. Fa e setse e le mo Aforika Borwa, e ya kwa borwa kwa Lephalale go tsenela marangrang a seporo sa Aforika Borwa.<ref>Botswana Railways (15 September 2023). [https://www.botswanarailways.co.bw/sites/default/files/tender-docs/Annexure%20D%20-%20PROPOSED%20ROUTE%20MAP_compressed.pdf "Annexure D - PROPOSED ROUTE MAP"] (PDF). ''Botswana Railways''.</ref> Go tswa kwa Lephalale, go solofetswe gore dithoto tse di romelwang kwa ntle tse di yang kwa mmarakeng wa lefatshe di tla feta ka maemelakepe a magolo kwa Richards Bay mo Aforika Borwa gammogo le maemelakepe a Maputo kwa [[Mozambique]].<ref name=":0" /> Ka kakaretso, tsela e tla nna boleele jwa dikilometara di le lekgolo le lesome le boraro , mme dikilometara di le 68,9 di tla nna mo Botswana mme dikilometara di le 44,1 di tla nna mo Aforika Borwa. Dikilometara di le 68.9 tsa Botswana e tla nna kgaolo e ntšha, fa karolo ya Aforika Borwa e tla nna dikilometara di le 17.1 tsa kgaolo e ntšha le dikilometara di le masome a mabedi le bosupa tsa kgaolo e ntšha. Ka kakaretso, kgokagano e tla nna le bokgoni jwa ditone di le dimilione di le masome a mabedi le bone ka ngwaga.<ref>Botswana Railways; Transnet (15 September 2023). [https://www.botswanarailways.co.bw/sites/default/files/tender-docs/TFR_Botswana%20Rail%20Expression%20of%20Interest%20%5BMmamabula-Lephalale%20Rail%20Link%5D%20-%20Final.pdf "Botswana Rail Expression of Interest &#x5B;Mmamabula-Lephalale Rail Link&#x5D;"] (PDF). ''Botswana Railways''.</ref><ref name=":1">Cuenca, Oliver (2020-08-03). [https://www.railjournal.com/freight/botswana-railways-launches-cross-border-coal-trains-to-south-africa/ "Botswana Railways launches cross-border coal trains to South Africa"]. ''International Railway Journal''. Retrieved 2024-12-12.</ref><ref name=":2">Mguni, Mbongeni. [https://www.news24.com/fin24/economy/botswana-sa-seek-funds-for-r4bn-minerals-railway-line-20230731 "Botswana, SA seek funds for R4bn minerals railway line".] ''Business''. Retrieved 2024-12-12.</ref> Badiragatsi ba ba solofetsweng ba ga jaana ke khamphane ya dipalangwa tsa dithoto tsa mmuso wa Aforika Borwa Transnet le mokgatlho wa seporo sa Botswana sa Botswana Railways.<ref name=":3">[https://www.botswanarailways.co.bw/mmamabula-lephalale-route-site-visit "MMAMABULA-LEPHALALE ROUTE SITE VISIT | Botswana Railways".] ''www.botswanarailways.co.bw''. Retrieved 2024-12-12.</ref> == Ditlamorago tsa ikonomi le go kopanngwa ga dikgaolo == '''Tlhabololo ya ikonomi''' Go agiwa le go dirisiwa ga Seporo sa Mmamabula-Lephalale go ka nna ga nna le mesola e mentsi ya ikonomi mo Botswana le mo Afrika Borwa. Jaaka 80% ya ditlhokego tsa maatla tsa Aforika Borwa di tlhagisiwa go tswa mo malateng, kgokaganyo e e tokafaditsweng e tla letla dikgokaganyo tse di tlhwatlhwa-tlase le tse di ikanyegang go fepa tlhokego e.<ref name=":2" /> Go ne gape ga bolelwa ke Botswana Railways gore go tlaa tlhamiwa ditiro tse di ka nnang dikete tse tharo ka go atolosa, le gore ditone tse di okeditsweng di le dibilione di le makgolo a mabedi tsa malatlha di tlaa nna teng.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> === Go kopanngwa ga dikgaolo === Porojeke eno ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya maiteko a magolo a go tokafatsa tirisanommogo ya kgaolo le go kopanya dinaga tsa Borwa jwa Afrika. Seporo seno se tla tokafatsa kgwebisano le go golaganya magareng ga Botswana le Aforika Borwa, le go ya pele go ya Mozambique, go tsamaelana le maiteko a tlhabololo ya mafaratlhatlha a kgaolo a a tshwanang le a Southern African Development Community (SADC) transport corridors. Go kopanngwa gono go ka rotloetsa kgolo ya ikonomi, go tokafatsa dikgolagano tsa tlamelo, le go thusa mo tlhomamo ya kgaolo.<ref name=":0" /> == Seemo sa Gone Jaanong le Madi a a Dirisiwang == Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ka ngwaga wa dikete se pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro (2023), Transnet le Botswanan Railways ba ne ba saena tumelano ya tlhabololo go buisana ka tsela le bogolo jwa porojeke. <ref name=":3" /> Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), Mmamabula- Lephalale Railway e mo kgatong ya go rulaganya le go ithuta ka kgonagalo; le fa go ntse jalo, porojeke e e setse e fetilwe ke matlha a yona a ntlha a go neelana ka dithendara mme ga go na dikitsiso ka isagwe ya yone. Dipuso tseno ka bobedi di ile tsa bontsha gore di ema nokeng seporo seno, di lemoga kafa se ka nnang le mosola ka teng mo go tsa ikonomi le tsa maano. Le fa go ntse jalo, go agiwa ga yone ga go ise go simololwe, e bile go sa ntse go buisanwa ka madi a yone. === Madi le go duelela madi === Fela jaaka diporojeke tse dingwe tse dikgolo tsa mafaratlhatlha, go bona matlole a go aga Seporo sa Mmamabula-Lephalale ke kgwetlho e kgolo. Ditshenyegelo tse di lekanyeditsweng tsa seporo seno, go akaretsa go se aga le go se dirisa, di ka nna tsa fitlha go dibilionebilione tsa diranta. Go builwe ka mefuta e e farologaneng ya matlole, go akaretsa ditirisano tsa puso le tsa poraefete (PPPs), dikadimo, le dipeeletso tsa puso, jaaka ditšhono tsa matlole.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> == Metswedi == lh0zrzqgrg8hjmdazamzar3tpvl6nsg