Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.1 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3276 57003 55814 2026-11-02T14:49:13Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 57003 wikitext text/x-wiki Thuto tse''' dikgolwane mo [[Botswana|Botswana]]''' ke mahala kgotsa boitlhopelo.<ref name="ilab">{1}Botswana {/1} [https://web.archive.org/web/20140109071239/http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2005/tda2005.pdf ''2005 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor'' ]. Ba lekgotla le le inamololang mafatshe ka kakaretso, U.S. Lephata la metse selegae (2006). ''Koranta e e nale molaetsa go tsweng mo tshimologong, e e leng ponagadi ya {0 }phatalatsa.''</ref><ref name="bbc"></ref> Mo ngwageng wa 2002, palo ya ntlha ee sa rurifadiwang e ne e le selekanyo sa lekgolo le boraro mo lekgolong, mme ee rurufaditsweng yone ya ntlha e ne e le masome a borobabobedi le motso mo lekgolong.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Go kgaogangwa ga bana ba ba tsewang mo dikolong go itebagantse le palo ya baithuti ba ba kwadisiwang kwa dikolong tse di potana gape ga go amane gope le go tsena sekolo sentle ga bana. Dipalo tse di ntsha tsa go tla sekolong mo dikolong tse di potana ga di mo Botswana.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Go ya ka dipalo tsa ngwaga wa 2001, masome a borobabobedi le borataro mo lekgolong a bana ba ba simolotseng dithuto tse di potana ba ne ba batlile go fitlhelela kwa lokwalong lwa botlhano.<ref name="ilab"></ref> Mo tsamaisong ya thuto ya mo Botswana, basimane le basetsana ba nale tepetepano mo go fiweng dithuto. Basetsana, ka gorialo, ba ka nna ba tswa mo dikolong tse dikgolwane ka ntata ya boimana.<ref name="ilab"></ref> [[Botswana|Botswana]] o dirile tse dintsi mo go tlhabololeng thuto morago ga go tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Morago ga seo go ne go nale baalogani ba ba potana mo lefatsheng gape Batswana ba palo potana ba tsene dikolo tse dikgolwane. Ka ponagalo ya ditemane morago ga go tsaya boipuso le go oketsega ga madi a puso, go ne ga nna le koketsego ee kwa godimo ya go aba thuto mo lefatsheng. Baithuti botlhe ba ne ba fiwa dingwaga tse di lesome tsa go ithuta,se se ba fitlisetsa kwa dithutong tse dikgolwane tsa Junior Certificate. E ka ne e le bontlha bongwe jwa palo ya batho mo sekolong ba ba tsweledisang ka ngwaga tse pedi tsa mo sekolong se se golwane se se isang moithuti kwa mphong ya go fiwa setlankana sa Botswana General Certificate of Education (BGCSE). Fa o sena go tlogela sekolo, baithuti ba ne ba ka tsena sekolo mo dikolong tsa ithutelo tiro di le borataro mo lefatsheng,kgotsa ba ithuthuntsha mo dithutong dingwe tsa borutabana kgotsa booki. Moithuti yo o gaisitseng botlhe o ne a ya go tsena kwa mmadikolo ebong University of Botswana, Botswana College of Agriculture[https://web.archive.org/web/20120524171350/http://www.bca.bw/], le Botswana Accountancy College mo [[Gaborone|Gaborone]]. Palo ee ntsi ya bana ba kwa mmadikolo e solofetswe, fa kago ya bobedi ya mmadikolo mo lefatsheng, ebong Botswana International University of Science and Technology, e fediwa. Bontsi jwa bana ba felela ba tsene dikolo kwa dikholetsheng tse eseng tsa puso mo lefatsheng. Bontsi jwa baithuti ba tsengwa sekolo ke puso. Dipoelo ga di ise di ko di tshwantshangwe le tsa boleng jo bo rileng. Dikolo tse di potana di santse di tlhoka didirisiwa, gape barutabana ba duelwa madi aa kwa tlase go nale badiri ka bone ba kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} Mo kgweding ya Ferikgong ngwaga wa 2006, Botswana o ne a simolodisa tuelo ya dithuto morago ga dingwaga ngwaga tse pedi tsa thuto ee neng e fiwa mahala .<ref name="bbc">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4601360.stm | work=BBC News | title=Botswana brings back school fees | date=2006-01-11 | accessdate=2010-05-01}}</ref> ==Bokhutlo== Thuto ke yone konokono ya botshelo ke moo go leng matshwanedi gore e tsewe ka tlhwaafalo.Baithuti ba tshwanetse go nna ba ithuta gore ba tle go atlega mo botshelong.Ke tshwanelo ya puso go bona gore baithuti ba fiwa dithuto tse di lebanyeng gore ba tle ba kgone go baya lefatshe mo maemong aa fa godimo bogolo jang baithuti ba kwa mmadikolo. ==Metswedi== {{reflist}} Dithuto mo Botswana di felela ka lekwalo la lesome le bobedi. ==Dikgolagano tsa kwa ntle== {{commons category|Education in Botswana}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110117191700/http://www.moe.gov.bw/ Botswana Ministry of Education] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090322042351/http://www.sacmeq.org/education-botswana.htm Education Statistics and Quality of Education in Botswana], Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) *[http://www.unesco.org/education/uie/documentation/Literacyinbotswana.pdf Literacy and education in Botswana bibliography] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928121434/http://www.infodev.org/en/Publication.387.html Information Communication Technology in Botswana] (e nankola kitso ka kakaretso) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080514091311/http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/inhea/profiles/Botswana.htm Profile of higher education in Botswana] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081203160324/http://www.unbotswana.org.bw/undp/docs/bots_education_final.pdf The impact of HIV/AIDS on education in Botswana] {{Education in Africa}} [[Category:Thuto mo Botswana]] {{Botswana-stub}} {{Education-stub}} == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin"/> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin"/> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin"/> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin"/> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin"/> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. === Thuto-potlana === Thuto e e potlana e simolola ka kamogelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba simolole lekwalo la ntlha go fitlha ka lokwalo la bosupa. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin"/> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin"/> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. === Thuto-potlana === Thuto e e potlana e simolola ka kamogelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba simolole lekwalo la ntlha go fitlha ka lokwalo la bosupa. Bana ba kwadisiwa mo sekolong se se potlana fa ba le dingwaga di ka nna thataro. Tsamaiso ya go ruta mo thutong ya sekolo se se potlana e laolwa ke thulaganyo ya dikolo ya lefatshe. Kgaolo ya sekolo e tlhopha dikaedi tsa tsamaiso ya go ruta le dibuka tse di bontshang maemo a go ithuta a puso ya lefatshe le ditekanyetso tsa maemo a mophato o o rileng. Go na le mefuta e le mebedi ya thuto e e potlana e e ka fitlhelwang mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Puso e fa thuto ya kakaretso ka teme ya Setswana, puo e ya Setswana e dirisiwa go ruta bana ga mmogo le teme ya Sekgoa. Lekalana la dikgwebo le fa dithuto tse puo ya thuto e leng Sekgoa fela, dikolo tse di bidiwa 'dikolo tsa Sekgoa'. == Dikaralo tsa thuto mo Botswana == === Sekolo sa bana ba bannye === Sekolo sa bana ba ba nnye, ke sekolo se se sa pateletsweng ,se akaretsa thuto ya bana ba ba nnye e e direlwang mo [[:en:Classroom|ntlwaneng ya borutelo .]]Sekolo se ke sa bana ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga tse tlhano go ya go di le thataro. Dintlha tsa tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba nnye le thuto ya bone di ne tsa akarediwa mo melaong e e tlhabolotsweng ya thuto kgotsa (RNPE) ka ngwaga wa 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Based on the Framework of the Revised National Policy on Education (Rnpe) Government White Paper No. 2 of 1994 |url=http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/policy%20per%20country/botswana/botswana_earlychildhood_2001_en.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=African Child Forum}}</ref> Boikarabelo bo bontsi jwa go fa ditlamelo tsa mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye bo mo makalaneng a dikgwebo tse e seng tsa ga goromente le a setšhaba go na le mo pusong.<ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://www.unicef.org/botswana/education |access-date=18 July 2026 |publisher=UNICEF Botswana}}</ref></ref> Ba ba thusang ka go tlamela thuto ya bana ba bannye e a bo ele fela go ikemela ka dinao ga bone go batla tshono ya go itshetsa ka kgwebo e, se e le go araba dikeletso tsa batsadi kgotsa batlhokomedi ba ba nang le letseno le le fa godimonyana e bile ba na le bokgoni jwa go isa bana ba bone dikolong tseo kgotsa e le go arabela diphetogo tsa ga segompieno mo lefatsheng ka bophara tsa paakanyetso ya thuto ya bana.<ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maunganidze |first1=Langtone |last2=Tsamaase |first2=Marea |year=2014 |title=Early Childhood Education in Botswana: A Case of Fragmented “Fits” |url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ies/article/view/29736 |journal=International Education Studies |volume=7 |issue=5 |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref></ref> Mananeo a le mantsi a a itebagantseng le baagedi ba mafelo a a farologaneng, dikgwebo, mekgatlho e e thusang e e sa direng dipoelo, merafe ya sedumedi le batho fela ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi ba tlhokomelo ya bana ke dikai tsa batho ba ba fang thuto ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo. <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Education stages |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en |archive-date=2025-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250728043643/https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/education-stages |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sekolo sa bana ba bannye se ka akaretsa thuto ya sengwe le sengwe kgotsa se ka nna le dithuto tse e leng gore se tsepame mo go tsone thata, jaaka thuto ya botaki le tiro ya diatla, thuto ya bodumedi, katiso mo go tsa metshameko, kgotsa go ithuta puo ya batswakwa, fa godimo ga moo se ntse se e fa le ditlamelo tsa thuto ya kakaretso. Mosola wa thuto ya bana ba bannye ga o ka ke wa gatelelwa go feta selekanyo ka gore bana ba gola go ya ka kgolo ya tlhaloganyo ga mmogo le go buisana le batho. Puso ya Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simolotse go bula mananeo a thuto ya bana ba bannye mo dikoleng tse dipotlana tse dintsi tsa puso mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa thuto ya bana ba bannye. <ref name="Glavin"/> Se se simolotse ka go bula ntlwana ya borutelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsene sekolo pele ga ba dira lokwalo la ntlha, se se dirwa morago ga baithuti ba lokwalo la bosupa ba fetsa go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa makgaolakgang. Dintlwana tsa bone tsa borutelo di ne di tlaabo di sena ope mo mafelong a ngwaga otlhe wa dithuto, ka jalo ka tsela e o ba ka kgona go amogela bana ba o ba ba dingwaga di le botlhano. Go tswelela ka seo, puso jaanong e tsenya tirisong lenaneo la dingwaga di le pedi la bana ba dingwaga di le bone le botlhano. Fa godimo ga moo, puso ya Botswana le yone e simolotse go ela tlhoko thata thuto ya bana ba bannye. === Thuto-potlana === Thuto e e potlana e simolola ka kamogelo ya bana ba ba iseng ba simolole lekwalo la ntlha go fitlha ka lokwalo la bosupa. Bana ba kwadisiwa mo sekolong se se potlana fa ba le dingwaga di ka nna thataro. Tsamaiso ya go ruta mo thutong ya sekolo se se potlana e laolwa ke thulaganyo ya dikolo ya lefatshe. Kgaolo ya sekolo e tlhopha dikaedi tsa tsamaiso ya go ruta le dibuka tse di bontshang maemo a go ithuta a puso ya lefatshe le ditekanyetso tsa maemo a mophato o o rileng. Go na le mefuta e le mebedi ya thuto e e potlana e e ka fitlhelwang mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Puso e fa thuto ya kakaretso ka teme ya Setswana, puo e ya Setswana e dirisiwa go ruta bana ga mmogo le teme ya Sekgoa. Lekalana la dikgwebo le fa dithuto tse puo ya thuto e leng Sekgoa fela, dikolo tse di bidiwa 'dikolo tsa Sekgoa'. === Thuto e e kgolwane === [[Setshwantsho:Kgari_sechele_secondary_school.jpg|thumb|230x230px|Sekolo se segolwane sa Kgari Sechele, sekolo se segolwane se se tsamaisiwang ke puso.]] Thuto ya sekolo se segolwane e simolola ka lekwalo le legolwane la ntlha go fitlhelela la botlhano (sekolo se segolwane mme se le fa tlase se simolola ka lowalo la ntlha go fitlhelela kwa go la boraro; sekolo se segolwane ebile se le fa godimo se simolola ka lokwalo la bone go fitlhelela kwa go la botlhano ). Baithuti gantsi ba fiwa kgololesego e le ntsi, ba tsamaya ba ya kwa dintlwaneng tsa borutelo tse di farologaneng, ebile ba fiwa tetla ya go tlhopha dingwe tsa dithuto tsa bone tse di bidiwang dithuto tsa maitlhophelo. Dingwaga tsa ntlha tse tharo tsa thuto e e kgolwane di isa kwa setlankaneng sa dithuto tsa makgaolakgang tsa lokwalo la boraro, mme morago ga dingwaga tse dingwe tse pedi tsa go ithuta baithuti ba kwala tlhatlhobo ya makgaolakgang ya lokwalo la botlhano. === Thuto ya ithutelo-tiro === [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana|Yunibesithi ya Botswana]], Yunibesithi ya Botho, [[Sekolo se Segolwane sa Limkokwing|Yunibesithi ya Limkokwing ya Thekenoloji ya Boitlhamedi]], [https://baisago.ac.bw/ Yunibesithi ya Ba Isago], [https://web.archive.org/web/20260208134755/https://abm.ac.bw/ Kholetšhe ya ABM], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome To ABM University College |url=https://abm.ac.bw/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=ABM University College |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208134755/https://abm.ac.bw/ |archive-date=2026-02-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Yunibesithi ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Botswana ya Maranyane le Boitseanape , <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-12 |title=Botswana International University of Science & Technology |url=https://www.biust.ac.bw/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> [https://www.bou.ac.bw/ Botswana Open University], [https://www.buan.ac.bw/ Setheo sa Botswana sa Temothuo le Ditsompelo tsa Tlhago], Yunibesithi [https://web.archive.org/web/20240226183114/https://gips.co.bw/ ya Gaborone] [https://web.archive.org/web/20260719132740/https://www.guc.ac.bw/ ya Dithuto] tsa Molao ke dikolo tse di fang thuto ya ithutelo tiro mo lefatsheng la Botswana. [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana|Yunibesithi ya Botswana]] ke sekolo sa setšhaba se se tlhomilweng ka ngwaga wa 1982 ka molao wa palamente <ref>{{Cite web |date=1982 |title=University of Botswana Act, 1982 |url=https://botswanalaws.com/StatutesActpdf/1982Actpdf/UNIVERSITY%20OF%20BOTSWANA%20ACT,%20NO.%2011%20OF%201982.pdf |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=Laws of Botswana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260105005544/https://botswanalaws.com/StatutesActpdf/1982Actpdf/UNIVERSITY%20OF%20BOTSWANA%20ACT%2C%20NO.%2011%20OF%201982.pdf |archive-date=5 January 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> mme ntlokgolo ya sone e kwa [[Gaborone]] . == Tlhomamiso ya tsamaelano ya thuto le seemo sa lefatshe la Botswana == E ne ya re mo nakong e e sa fediseng pelo, morago ga lefatshe la Botswana le sena go tsaya boipuso, ga lemogiwa gore tsamaiso ya thuto ga e fitlhelele matlhokego a setšhaba. E ne e tsentse mogopolo o montsi thata mo thutong ya buka mme ebile e ne e santse e na le matlhasedi a puso ya batho-basweu. Bontsi jwa dilo tse di neng di ithuthuntshiwa di ne di sa tsamaisane le seemo sa botshelo jwa SeAferika, ka jalo dipalo tsa baithuti ba ba neng ba tlogela sekolo di ne di le kwa godimo. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-01-25 |title=Tswanification of the curriculum |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/tswanification-curriculum |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=K12 Academics |language=en |archive-date=2021-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516024002/https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Botswana/tswanification-curriculum |url-status=dead }}</ref> Go ise go ye kae go ne ga lemogiwa gore go tlhokega phetogo. Baeteledipele ba lefatshe ba ne ba nna le mogopolo wa thulaganyo ya thuto e e neng e tlaa fa botlhe tshono ya go bona thuto e e rileng le go tshegetsa kutlwano magareng ga batho morago ga go lemoga gore setshaba sa Botswana se kgaogantswe go ya ka merafe e e farologaneng ka jalo ba le bantsi ba eme ka nosi.<ref>https://journals.ub.bw/index.php/mosenodi/article/download/1594/1013</ref>E ne ya re ka ngwaga wa 1977 komiti e e neng e tlhomilwe ke puso ya Botswana e ne ya phatlalatsa pego ka ga phetolo ya thuto ka setlhogo se se reng ‘thuto mabapi le kagisano’. <ref name=":1" /> Molao o wa ntlha wa setšhaba wa thuto (NPE) wa ngwaga wa 1977 o ne wa diriwa e le tsibogo ya baeteledipele ba lefatshe la Botswana, ka nako e o, go tswa mo mokgweng wa go ruta wa puso ya batho-basweu ba lefatshe la Borithane fa thuto e ne e le ya batho ba maemo a a rileng go ya kwa thulaganyong e e akaretsang botlhe.<ref>https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=12460496X</ref> Jaaka go gakolotswe mo pegong, go ne ga tsenngwa dithuto tse dintsha tsa konokono mo tsamaisong ya dikolo, mme tsa dira gore thuto e nne maleba le lefatshe la Botswana. <ref name=":1" /> Maikaelelo a mokgwa yo wa thuto e, e ne ele go lebagana thata le tiro ya diatla gore baithuti ba kgone go bona tiro. == Go dira gore kharikhulamo e nne mo lefelong la lona == Ka bonako fela morago ga go bona boipuso go ne ga lemogiwa gore thulaganyo ya thuto e ne e sa kgotsofatse ditlhokego tsa setšhaba. E ne e remeletse thata mo baithuting mme e ne e sa ntse e na le bothata jwa go tshwarwa ke bojwalwa ka nako ya bokoloniale. Bontsi jwa dilo tse di neng di rutiwa di ne di sa amane le maemo a Aforika, ka jalo dipalo tsa bana ba ba tlogelang sekolo di ne di le kwa godimo. <ref name=":1"/> Go ise go ye kae go ne ga lemogiwa gore go ne go tlhokega gore go dirwe diphetogo. Baeteledipele ba ne ba akanya ka tsamaiso ya thuto e e neng e tla naya botlhe tšhono ya go tsena le go tshegetsa kutlwano ya loago morago ga go lemoga gore morafe wa Botswana o ne o kgaogantswe go ya ka merafe e e farologaneng.  Ka 1977 komiti e e neng e tlhophilwe ke puso ya Botswana e ne ya phasalatsa pego ka ga diphetogo tsa thuto: ‘thuto ya kagisano’ (e e rayang ‘thuto ya kutlwano ya loago’). <ref name=":1" /> Pholisi ya Ntlha ya Bosetšhaba ya Thuto (NPE) ya 1977 e ne e le phetolo ya baeteledipele ba Botswana go tswa mo mokgweng wa bokoloniale jwa Borithane wa go ithuta go ya kwa thulaganyong e e akaretsang batho botlhe fa thuto e ne e le ya batlotlegi.  Jaaka go gakolotswe mo pegong, go ne ga tsenngwa dirutwa tse dintšhwa tsa motheo mo dikolong, go dira gore thuto e nne maleba mo Botswana. <ref name=":1" /> Thuto e ne e ikaeletse go nna ya tiro e le go baakanyetsa baithuti ba go tsena mo mmarakeng wa tiro. 4600y9ctc72dyh6uhw5nojfcla0lo52 0 5063 57002 55686 2026-11-02T14:26:57Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 57002 wikitext text/x-wiki Di-instithushene tsa '''technical and further education''' or '''TAFE''' (/ˈteɪf/) kwa Australia di abelana ka dirutwa tse di anameng segolo thata tsa borutatiro (vocational), go ntsi dirutwa tse di khwalifaya ka fa tlase ga National Training System/Australian Qualifications Framework/Australian Quality Training Framework. Mafapha a akarediwang a akaretsa tsa kgwebo (business), moruo (finance), hospitality, bojanala (tourism), dikago (construction), bo-enjinere (engineering), botshwantshisi jwa ponalo (visual arts), thelenolji ya kitso (information technology) le tsa tirelo setshaba (community work). Di-instithushene ts TAFE ka bo bosi (go le gontsi di na le dikhampase di le mmalwa) tseo di itsagaleng jaaka dikholetshe kgots di-instithuti, go ya ka lefatshe kgotsa naga-lefelo la yone. Dikholetshe tsa TAFE di owned, dirisiwa gape le go duelelwa ke mebuso ya mehutahuta ya lefatshe le naga-lefelo (state and territory). Se se farologane le lefapha la yunibesithi, leo tuelelo ya lona e leng segolo se tonna the domain ya mmuso wa (federal government) mme beng ba diyunibesithi tse segolo se tonna ke mebuso ya naga-lefatshe. == Dikhwalifikheishene tse di abiwang ke dikholetshe tsa TAFE == Dikholetshe tsa T.A.F.E di aba dikhwalifikheishene tsa Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) tse di netefaditsweng ke lefapha la Vocational Education and Training (VET) tse di tsamaelenang le dikhwalifikheishene tsa Certificate I, Certificate II, Certificate III, Certificate IV, Diploma, Advanced Diploma, Graduate Certificate le Graduate Diploma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aqf.edu.au/register/about/|title=About the AQF Register|publisher=|accessdate=17 July 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704223551/http://www.aqf.edu.au/register/about/|archivedate=4 July 2015}}</ref> Mo mabakeng a le mantsi dithuto tsa TAFE di ka dirisiwa jaaka partial credit go isa go thulaganyo ya yunibesithi ya leemo la dikerii ya bachelor. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2002 lefapha la thuto la TAFE le kgonne go abelana ka dikerii ya bachelor le ka dithutiso tsa post-graduate diploma go tlatsa sekgala, segolo thata sa thutotiro tse di itebantseng le di -area tsa thuto ya tiro e e rileng. Go tloga ka letlha la Seetebosigo 2009 dikholetshe tsa TAFE tse 10 (bontsing tse di kwa New South Wales,<ref>"TAFE NSW Higher Education",https://web.archive.org/web/20150713065325/http://www.highered.tafensw.edu.au/, TAFE NSW Higher Education Website</ref> Victoria, mme gape le kwa Western Australia, ACT, le kwa Queensland) jaanong jaana di abelana ka difoka tsa bona tsa leemo la dikerii le tsa dipoloma tsa post graduate, le fa tshimologong ba sa ye go feta leemo la dikerii ya bachelor. Le fa go le jalo, Melbourne Polytechnic e akhreditilwe ka ngwaga wa 2015 go ka fa dithutiso tse pedi tsa dikerii tsa master's.<ref name="annualreport2014p22">Melbourne Polytechnic Annual Report pp22</ref> Go tshwana jalo, diyunibesithi tse dingwe , sekao, Charles Darwin University le Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, di abelana ka dithutisi tsa thuto-tiro (e se seng e leng boagelo ba TAFE); tseo di duelelwang ke puso-selegae le mmuso wa sedikadikwe. Dikolo dingwe tse dikgolo le tsona di abelana ka dithutiso tse di tlhagisitsweng e bile diakhreditilwe ke TAFE.<ref name="theage2002">''[http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/07/24/1027332400427.html TAFE gears up to offer degrees]'' By Rebecca Scott, [[The Age]] 24 July 2002. Accessed 3 August 2008</ref><ref name="highered_in_tafe">Leesa Wheelahan, Gavin Moodie, [[Stephen Billett]] and Ann Kelly, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20130515174100/http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/2167.html Higher education in TAFE]'', Research report published by National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER), 3 September 2009. Accessed 24 September 2009</ref> Baithuti ba ba ikwadisetsang dithutisi tsa dikerii tsa kalogo-tlase kwa TAFE ba tshwnetse go duelela dituelo tsa dithutiso ka botlalo ebile ga ba letlelelwa dituelelo-kadimo tsa baithuti tsa Commonwealth Government supported student fee loans, tse di itsegeng e le dituelelo-kadimo jaaka HECS, e fela ba ka fitlhelela sekema sa kadimo ya Tuelo-Thuso but (FEE-HELP).<ref>See Department of Education, Employment, and Workplace Relations, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20100202084140/http://www.goingtouni.gov.au/Main/FeesLoansAndScholarships/Undergraduate/FullFeesAndFEE-HELP/FullFeesAndFeeHELP.htm Full Fees and FEE-HELP] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100202084140/http://www.goingtouni.gov.au/Main/FeesLoansAndScholarships/Undergraduate/FullFeesAndFEE-HELP/FullFeesAndFeeHELP.htm|date=2 February 2010}}'', goingtouni.gov.au website. Accessed 19 September 2011</ref> Le fa diyunibesithi di na le tshono le matla go aga/bopa le go abelana ka dithutiso tsa dikerii tsa tsona, nngwe le nngwe ya dithutiso tsa dikerii tsa TAFE di tshwanetswe tsa tlhatlhobiwa le go letlelelwa ke Higher Education Accreditation Committee (HEAC).<ref name="theage2002"/> Di TAFE mo mafelelong a mangwe di ka ruta dikhwalifikheisene tsa dikolo-kgolwane, jaaka tsa VCE, Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning, le Higher School Certificate. Diyunibesithi tse dingwe, sekao, Charles Darwin University le Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, di abelana ka dithutiso tsa TAFE; tseo di duelelwang ke mebuso ya selegae le ya sediko. Dikolo dingwe tse kgolo le tsona di ruta dithutiso tse tsweleditsweng le go akhreditiwa ke di TAFEs. Di-instithushene dingwe tsa poraebete le tsona di abelana ka dithutiso tse do tswang go di-TAFE, le fa go le jalo ka setlwaedi do abelana ka dithutiso tse dingwe tsa vocational education and training. Bontsi ba Ma-Australia ba kaya dithutiso tsotlhe tse di kwa tlase-ga-dikerii jaaka dithutiso tsa "TAFE", go sa re sepe gore ke di=instithushene dife tse tlhodileng kgotsa di rutang dithutiso tseo. Pele ga mengwaga ya bo-1990s, Di-TAFE di ne di atametse go nnamonopoly mo sekthatareng e. Dithutiso tsa TAFE di naya baithuti phatlha/tshono ya makwalo-tshupo a dikhwalifikheishene tse, setifikheati, dipoloma, le dipoloma e e tsweletseng mo dibakeng tse di bophara. == Dikholetshe tsa TAFE ka naga/tikologo == Go le gontsi, dikhamphase tsa TAFE di tlhaotswe ka di-instithushene tsa TAFE go ya ke methaladi ya seleago. Bontsi ba di-TAFE bo filwe karolo e e itsagaleng ya sediko ya naga moo ba dirang bongbosi go akaretsa dirutwa di le dintsi. Di-TAFE di le mmalwa di-speshalisa ka kgaolo e le nngwe ya thuto. Ka gale tse di bonwa kgaufi le bogare ba metsesetoropo, mme di direla ka bogotlhe naga kgotsa sediko. Sekao, Trade and Technician Skills Institute kwa Brisbane, (go tloga ka di 1 tsa kgwedi ya Phukwe 2006), e speshalisa ka dirutwa tsa automotive, building le construction, manufacturing le engineering, le electrical/electronic go baithuti ba mo Queensland yotlhelele. Kgotsa William Angliss Institute of TAFE kwa Melbourne e e speshalisang ka dithutiso tsa dijo, theleso le bojanala go ba mo Victoria. === Nagakgolo ya Australia === Mo nagakgolo ya Australia [Australian Capital Territory] the di akaretsa: * Canberra Institute of Technology === New South Wales === Go na le intitshiti di le lesome tsa TAFE NSW kwa NSW tse di akaretsang: * Hunter Institute * Illawarra Institute * New England Institute * North Coast Institute * Northern Sydney Institute * Riverina Institute * South Western Sydney Institute * Sydney Institute * Western Institute * Western Sydney Institute, go akaretsa OTEN === Northern Territory === Kwa Northern Territory tse di akaretsa: * Charles Darwin University * Batchelor Institute of Indigenous Tertiary Education === Queensland === Kwa Queensland, ''TAFE Queensland'' di akaretsa: Go tloga ka kgwedi yaMotsheganong 2014, di-instithushene tsa TAFE ditlhakantshitswe go didiko tsa bogare ba TAFE Queensland (parent body)di le tshelela. Didiko tsa ''TAFE Queensland'' ke:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tafeqld.edu.au/|title=TAFE Queensland|accessdate=2014-04-26}}</ref> * Brisbane (peleng Brisbane North Institute ya TAFE, Metropolitan South Institute ya TAFE le Southbank Institute ya Technology) * Gold Coast (fpeleng Gold Coast Institute ya TAFE) * East Coast (peleng Sunshine Coast Institute ya TAFE le Wide Bay Institute ya TAFE) * South West (peleng Bremer Institute ya TAFE le Southern Queensland Institute ya TAFE) * North (peleng Barrier Reef Institute ya TAFE, Mount Isa Institute ya TAFE le Tropical North Queensland TAFE) * SkillsTech (formerly SkillsTech Australia) === Australia Borwa === Kwa South Australia: * TAFE SA Kwa Tasmania, go na le mebuso e mebedi ya makgotla a TAFE: * TAFE Tasmania e akaretsa: ** Institute of TAFE Tasmania (general)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tafe.tas.edu.au/institute/campuses.htm|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2005-11-20|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060105202941/http://www.tafe.tas.edu.au/institute/campuses.htm|archivedate=5 January 2006}}</ref> ** Drysdale Institute (tsa bojanala le hospitality)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tafe.tas.edu.au/TAFEAPP.ASP?WCI=SigList&id=11|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2005-11-20|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051024154833/http://www.tafe.tas.edu.au/TAFEAPP.ASP?WCI=SigList&id=11|archivedate=24 October 2005}}</ref> * Australian Maritime College TAFE (maritime studies) === Victoria === Kwa Victoria tse di akaretsa: * Bendigo Regional Institute of TAFE (Local: Bendigo-Echuca) * Box Hill Institute of TAFE (Local: Eastern Melbourne, Specialist: Short courses) * Chisholm Institute (Local: South East Melbourne) * East Gippsland Institute of TAFE (Local: East Gippsland) * Central Gippsland Institute of TAFE (Local: West and South Gippsland, Specialist: High-voltage electrical) * Gordon Institute of TAFE (Local: Geelong) * Goulburn Ovens Institute of TAFE (Local: North East Victoria) * Holmesglen Institute of TAFE (Local: Eastern Melbourne) * Kangan Institute (Local: North West Melbourne, Specialist: Automotive, Fashion) * Melbourne Polytechnic (Local: Northern and inner East Melbourne, Specialist: Equine, Aquaculture, Agriculture, Viticulture, Music) * RMIT University (Specialist: Various) * South West Institute of TAFE (Local: Western District) * Sunraysia Institute of TAFE (Local: North West Victoria) * Swinburne University of Technology (Local: Eastern Melbourne) * University of Ballarat (Local: Ballarat-Wimmera) * Victoria University (Local: Western Melbourne) * William Angliss Institute of TAFE (Specialist: Hospitality) * Wodonga Institute of TAFE (Local: Wodonga, Specialist: Driving) * The University of Melbourne discontinued its TAFE arm (which specialised in agriculture and forestry) at the start of 2007. === Western Australia === [[File:Central_TAFE,_Perth,_Western_Australia.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|North Metropolitan TAFE Perth campus.]] Kwa Western Australia, tse di akaretsa: * North Metropolitan TAFE (Peleng Central Institute of Technology & West Coast Institute of Training)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.northmetrotafe.wa.edu.au/|title=North Metropolitan TAFE -|accessdate=14 December 2016}}</ref> * South Metropolitan TAFE (Peleng Challenger Institute of Technology & Polytechnic West)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.southmetrotafe.wa.edu.au/|title=South Metropolitan TAFE - More courses, more qualifications, more places to learn.|accessdate=14 December 2016}}</ref> * Central Regional TAFE (Peleng Durack Institute ya Technology, Goldfields Institute ya Technology & C. Y. O'Connor Institute)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.centralregionaltafe.wa.edu.au/|title=Central Regional TAFE -|accessdate=14 December 2016}}</ref> * South Regional TAFE (Peleng South West Institute of Technology & Great Southern Institute ya Technology)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.southregionaltafe.wa.edu.au/|title=South Regional TAFE -|accessdate=14 December 2016}}</ref> * North Regional TAFE (Pelelng Kimberley TAFE & Pilbara Institute)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.northregionaltafe.wa.edu.au/|title=North Regional TAFE -|accessdate=14 December 2016}}</ref> == Bona gape == * Education in Australia * Further education * Registered Training Organisations * TAFE Outreach * Vocational education * Category:TAFE == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} == Dipapadi tse dingwe == === State and territory TAFE websites === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051107234620/http://www.tafe.nsw.edu.au/ TAFE NSW] * [http://www.tafe.vic.gov.au TAFE Victoria] ** [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20060306062627/http://www.vtac.edu.au/pdf/guide/tafecourses.pdf Victorian TAFE Courses] [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20060306062627/http://www.vtac.edu.au/pdf/guide/tafecourses.pdf] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080819193316/http://ttsi.tafe.qld.gov.au/ TAFE QLD] ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20080819193316/http://ttsi.tafe.qld.gov.au/ Trade and Technician Skills Institute] * [http://www.tafesa.edu.au TAFE SA] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060819084128/http://www.tafe.wa.edu.au/ TAFE WA] ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20190524084833/http://wcit.wa.edu.au/ West Coast Institute of Training] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080317010352/http://www.tafe.tas.edu.au/ TAFE Tasmania] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100815030230/http://www.cit.act.edu.au/ Canberra Institute of Technology] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210321222536/http://www.globalcollege.edu.au/ International colleges in Australasia] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190630053024/https://worldacad.com/list/short-term-courses/india Best courses and colleges in india] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190630053024/https://worldacad.com/list/short-term-courses/india Short term course list in india] === Victorian Association of TAFE Libraries === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190716015953/http://vatl.org.au/ VATL] === Vocational education and training (VET) === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050224091736/http://www.dest.gov.au/ Department of Education, Science and Training] (DEST) * [http://www.ncver.edu.au/ National Centre for Vocational Education Research] (NCVER) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190721005606/http://flexiblelearning.net.au/ Australian Flexible Learning Framework] (FLX) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051023055404/http://www.austafe.edu.au/ National Association of TAFE Managers] – (AUSTAFE Inc.) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160625072238/http://www.ntis.gov.au/ National Training Information Service] (NTIS – database of VET providers and qualifications) === Kaelo ya Career === * [http://www.myfuture.edu.au Australian Government myfuture portal: career guide] Registration required * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140908022239/http://www.trainingadvisor.com.au/AdviceCentre.aspx Training Advisor- Career & TAFE Course Advice] Free to Individuals & Businesses === Mafelo aTAFE a kopano === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080804142941/http://www.aeuvic.asn.au/campaigns/tafe_stop/ AEU Victoria – TAFE Teachers] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080922100614/http://www.ourtafesmatter.com.au/ Our TAFEs Matter – NTEU] {{DEFAULTSORT:Training And Further Education}} mknc5mp2k5b728catupowuj24j6iu6w 10 6532 57008 26555 2026-11-02T19:50:06Z Maintenance script 4132 Use thumb.wikimedia.org for thumbnails ([[phab:T427465]], Operator: Ladsgroup) 57008 sanitized-css text/css .infobox { border-image: linear-gradient(45deg, #53dfb1, #63A4E6) 1; border-image-width: 4px; padding: 10px; } .header { background: #ABCAE9 url(//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg/53px-Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg.png) no-repeat center left; padding: 16px; background-position: 10px; } .infolabel { background-color: #ABCAE9; padding-left: 5px; } .infobox .infoboximage { height: 240px; } by42nkbrvts1o9u2d6a2vzim6pai3wv 0 8693 56993 56288 2026-11-02T12:30:25Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 56993 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Temperature Bar Chart Africa--1901-2020--2021-07-14.png|thumb|Setshwantso sa dipalopalo se se bontshang [[:en:Instrumental_temperature_record|phetogo ya mogote]] mo Aforika magareng ga 1901 le 2021, ka mmala o mohibidu o le bothitho mme botala jwa legodimo bo le tsididi go feta palogare (Palogare ya mogote ka nako ya ngwaga wa 1971 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2000 e tsewa jaaka ntlha ya tshupiso ya diphetogo tse.)]] '''Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa mo Aforika''' ke matshosetsi a magolo ka gonne karolo ya eo ke nngwe ya dikgaolo tse [[:en:Climate_change_vulnerability|di mo kotsing]] thata ya [[:en:Effects_of_climate_change|ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya]] [[:en:Effects_of_climate_change|seemo sa bosa]], le fa e le yone e e bakang mesi e e kwa tlase ga karolo ya bone mo lekgolong ya lefatshe lotlhe e e dirang gore go nne le kgololo ya dighese tse di tshwarang mollo mo lefaufaung.<ref>Bank, African Development (5 November 2024). "[https://www.afdb.org/en/cop29/focus-africa Focus on Africa]". ''African Development Bank Group''. Retrieved 1 July 2026.</ref>Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e baka mekgwa e e sa tlhomamang ya pula, d[[:en:Extreme_weather|itiragalo tse di feteletseng tsa]] [[:en:Extreme_weather|tepo loapi]] tse di diragalang kgapetsakgapetsa tse di jaaka [[:en:Drought|komelelo]], [[:en:Flood|merwalela]], le [[:en:Sea_surface_temperature|megote e e tlhatlogang ya boalogodimo jwa lewatle]] go ralala karolo e kgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a mantsi mo teng. Diphetogo tse di tshosetsa tshireletsego ya [[:en:Food_security|dijo]] le [[:en:Water_security|tshireletsego ya metsi]], [[:en:Biodiversity|mefutafuta ya ditshedi]], [[:en:Public_health|boitekanelo jwa setšhaba]], le [[:en:Economic_development|tlhabololo ya itsholelo]].<ref name=":0">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (22 June 2023). "Africa". ''[https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009325844/type/book Climate Change 2022 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Working Group II Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]'' (1&#x20;ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp.&#x20;1285–1456. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/9781009325844.011|10.1017/9781009325844.011]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-009-32584-4|978-1-009-32584-4]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>United Nations, UNEP (2017). "[http://www.unep.org/regions/africa/regional-initiatives/responding-climate-change Responding to climate change]". ''UNEP – UN Environment Programme''. Retrieved 1 July 2022.</ref> Aforika gone jaana e thuthafala ka bonako go feta lefatshe lotlhe ka palogare.<ref>World Meterological Organization (2 September 2024). [https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/africa-faces-disproportionate-burden-from-climate-change-and-adaptation-costs "Africa faces disproportionate burden from climate change and adaptation costs]". ''World Meteorological Organization''. Retrieved 16 September 2025.</ref> Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e gakatsa matshosetsi a a leng teng a loago le itsholelo. Dikarolo tse dikgolo tsa baagi ba Aforika di ikaegile ka matshelo a a bosisi mo seemong sa bosa jaaka temothuo (karolo ya masome a matlhano le botlhano go ya kwa masome a marataro le bobedi mo lekgolong ya badiri mo Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara)<ref>Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (22 June 2023). "Africa". ''[https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009325844/type/book Climate Change 2022 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Working Group II Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]'' (1&#x20;ed.). Cambridge University Press. p.&#x20;1289. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/9781009325844.011|10.1017/9781009325844.011]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-009-32584-4|978-1-009-32584-4]]</bdi>.</ref> mme di setse di tshela mo lehumeng, se se oketsang go tlhagelela ga bona mo ditshosong. Ditlamorago tsa botsogo di nna maswe le go feta fa [[:en:Hyperthermia|kgatelelo ya mogote]], [[:en:Disease_vector|malwetse a a tshelanwang ke dibopiwa tse di ananmisang bolwetse]] (a a tshwanang le [[:en:Malaria|malaria]] le [[:en:Dengue_fever|dengue]]), le letlhoko la dikotla di ntse di anama thata. Go feta sephatlo e leng karolong ya masome a matlhano le borataro mo lekgolong (56%) ya ditiragalo tse di fetang dikete tse pedi tse di kwadilweng tsa boitekanelo jwa setšhaba mo Aforika magareng ga ngwaga wa 2001 le ngwaga wa 2021 di ne di amana le phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref>Africa CDC (7 July 2025). ''[https://africacdc.org/download/climate-change-and-health-strategic-framework-2025/ Climate Change and Health: Strategic Framework 2025]''. p.&#x20;vii.</ref> [[:en:Resource_depletion|Tlhaelo ya didirisiwa]] e na le seabe mo go fudugeng le dikgotlhang, bogolosegolo mo dikgaolong tse di bokoa. Mafelo a ditoropo, a gantsi a tlhaolwang ke mafelo a bonno a a sa tlhomamang, a lebane le dikotsi tse di kwa godimo tsa morwalela le mogote o o feteletseng.<ref name=":0" /> Temothuo ke nngwe ya makalana a a mo kotsing thata, ka bontsi jwa balemirui ba Aforika ba ikaegile ka dijalo tse di [[:en:Rainfed_agriculture|nosetswang ke pula]]. Pula e e fokoditsweng le e e sa bonelwang pele, e kopantswe le megote e e kwa godimo, e kgweetsa tatlhegelo ya bongola jwa mmu, [[:en:Desertification_in_Africa|go nna sekaka]] (bogolosegolo kwa [[:en:Sahara|Sahara]]) le go sutisa mafelo a a tshwanetseng a go gola. Diphetogo tse di fokotsa thobo ya dijalo tsa konokono, di nyatsa tshireletsego ya dijo le go gakatsa tlala. Boitekanelo jwa [[:en:Livestock|leruo]] bo ntse bo tsenngwa mo kotsing thata ke kgatelelo ya mogote le go fetoga ga mekgwa ya malwetse. Dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tsa lebopo le tsa lewatle di lebane le mawatle a a thuthafetseng le [[:en:Sea_level_rise|maemo a a tlhatlogang]], se se tshosetsang batshwaraditlhapi le mafelo a a nang le batho ba le bantsi a a mo lebopong.<ref>Fonjong, Lotsmart; Matose, Frank; Sonnenfeld, David A. (1 December 2024). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095937802400116X "Climate change in Africa: Impacts, adaptation, and policy responses"]. ''Global Environmental Change''. '''89''' 102912. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024GEC....8902912F 2024GEC....8902912F]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102912|10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102912]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0959-3780 0959-3780].</ref> Ditshenyegelo tsa itsholelo tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa di maswe thata. Ka palogare mafatshe a Aforika a lebane le ditatlhegelo tse di amanang le seemo sa bosa tse di fitlhang ko karolong ya bobedi go ya kwa botlhanong mo lekgolong ya [[:en:Gross_domestic_product|Palogotlhe ya Boleng jwa Ditlhagiso tsa Naga(GDP)]] ka ngwaga, fa ditshenyegelo tsa go [[:en:Climate_change_adaptation|tlwaela]] mo Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahran di akanyediwa go nna didikadike tsa di dilara tsa lefatshe la USA di le masome a mararo go yab kwa masomemg a matlhano (USD 30-50 billion) ka ngwaga mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di tlang. Se se tshosetsa dipoelo tsa tlhabololo le go baya kgatelelo mo dipusong le mo ditheong tsa boditšhabatšhaba go kokoanya [[:en:Climate_finance|matlole a seemo sa bosa]].<ref>World Meteorological Organization (2024). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20260714183937/https://uneca.org/sites/default/files/ACPC/publication/State-of-the-Climate-in-Africa-2023_en.pdf State of the Climate in Africa: 2023]'' (PDF). Geneva. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-63-11360-3|978-92-63-11360-3]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>European Investment Bank (19 October 2022). ''[https://www.eib.org/en/publications/finance-in-africa-navigating-the-financial-landscape-in-turbulent-times Finance in Africa - Navigating the financial landscape in turbulent times]''. European Investment Bank. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-861-5382-2|978-92-861-5382-2]]</bdi>.</ref> Maano a Aforika a go itlwaetsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa a tsepamisitse mogopolo mo go ageng nonofo ka [[:en:Climate-smart_agriculture|temothuo e e botlhale mo]] [[:en:Climate-smart_agriculture|seemong sa bosa]] , [[:en:Water_management|taolo ya metsi]] e e tswelelang, [[:en:Environmental_protection|tshomarelo ya tikologo]], le go matlafatsa dithulaganyo tsa boitekanelo le tsa mafaratlhatlha. Mekgwa e e baya kwa pele go tokafatsa puso, go kokoanya matlole le dipeeletso tsa seemo sa bosa, le go rotloetsa go tsaya karolo ga baagi go samagana le go nna mo kotsing ka botlalo.<ref>Tadesse, Debay (1 December 2010). [https://issafrica.org/research/papers/the-impact-of-climate-change-in-africa "The impact of climate change in Africa"]. ''ISS Africa''. Retrieved 16 September 2025.</ref><ref>Badji, Arfang; Ibanda, Angele; Akello, Sarah; Ekwamu, Adipala (2022). [https://afjrdev.org/index.php/jos/article/view/410 "Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies in Africa: Selected case studies"]. ''African Journal of Rural Development''. '''7''' (3): 209–274. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2415-2838 2415-2838].</ref><ref>Ngongolo, Kelvin; Gayo, Leopody (21 May 2025). [[doi:10.3389/past.2025.14225|"Climate change impacts and mitigation strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa's livestock production sector. A brief review"]]. ''Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice''. '''15''' 14225. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025Pasto..1514225N :2025Pasto..1514225N.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.3389/past.2025.14225|10.3389/past.2025.14225]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2041-7136 2041-7136].</ref>Matlhomeso a karolo kgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a mangwe le a bosetšhaba a gatelela kgokagano ya makalana a mantsi, kamogelo ya maranyane, le kago ya bokgoni go tshegetsa tlhabololo e e tswelelang le go fokotsa [[:en:Climate_risk|dikotsi tsa seemo sa bosa]].<ref>African Union (28 June 2022). [https://au.int/en/documents/20220628/african-union-climate-change-and-resilient-development-strategy-and-action-plan ''African Union Climate Change and Resilient Development Strategy and Action Plan (2022-2032)''.] African Union.</ref> == Pabalesego ya metsi le go senyega ga metswedi == [[Setshwantsho:View of the surrounding at the Lake Kariba with hippos (6910358407).jpg|thumb|Lekadiba la Kariba]] Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e dira jaaka selo se segolo se se sa tlhomamang ga tshireletsego ya metsi go ralala karolo kgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a mantsi ya Aforika, ka ditikologo tsa metsi tse di bontshang go sa tlhomama go go oketsegileng. Go ya ka pegelo ya Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe wa Maemo a Bosa (WMO) ya ''Seemo sa'' ''sa bosa mo Aforika ya ngwaga wa 2025'', maemo a bosa a a feteletseng le ditshupo tse di amanang le seemo sa bosa di amile bonnye jwa batho ba le didkadike di le lesome le boraro mme tsa baka dintsho tse di fetang dikete tse tharo tse di begilweng ka ngwaga wa 2025 fela, mme merwalela e ne ya dira go feta sephatlo sa seemo sa bosa sotlhe se se diphatsa.<ref name=":9">"[https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/extreme-weather-and-climate-events-impact-millions-africa-2025 Extreme weather and climate events impact millions in Africa in 2025]". World Meteorological Organization. 18 June 2026. Retrieved 19 June 2026.</ref>. Go gakala mo ga dikotsi go kgoreletsa go nna teng ga metsi a a fa godimo ga lefatshe le mafaratlhatlha a dikago, go fetola dikotsi tsa seemo sa bosa go nna mathata a metsi a itsholelo a a anameng.<ref>"[https://reliefweb.int/report/world/state-climate-africa-2025-enar State of the Climate in Africa 2025 &#x5B;EN/AR]&#x5D;". World Meteorological Organization via ReliefWeb. 18 June 2026. Retrieved 19 June 2026.</ref> === Diphoso tse dikgolo tsa letamo le motlhamo wa motlakase === Go nna mo kotsing ga dithulaganyo tse dikgolo tsa polokelo ya metsi mo dipharologanong tsa mogote tse di tsayang nako e telele go ne ga bontshiwa ka nako ya komelelo ya kgaolo ya ngwaga wa 2023 go ya kwa ngwageng ya 2025 kwa Borwa jwa Aforika, e e neng ya tlhaolwa jaaka komelelo e e maswe go gaisa e e amileng kgaolo mo dingwageng di feta lekgolo.<ref>[https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/mozambique/southern-africa-el-nino-regional-humanitarian-overview-september-2024 Southern Africa: El Niño Regional Humanitarian Overview] (Report). UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). 20 September 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2026.</ref> E tlhotlhelediwa ke legato le le tseneletseng la El Niño le diphetogo tse di siameng tsa Dipole tsa Lewatle la India, ditlhaelo tsa pula di ne tsa baka go wela tlase ga ditso ga selekanyo sa metsi a Letsha la Kariba, letamo le legolo go gaisa mo Aforika le le dirilweng ke batho ka bogolo jo bo ka tsayang metsi .<ref>[https://wmo.int/resources/publication-series/state-of-climate-africa/state-of-climate-africa-2025 "State of the Climate in Africa 2025 Interactive]". World Meteorological Organization. 18 June 2026. Retrieved 19 June 2026.</ref> Go fokotsega ga bogolo jo bo ka tsayang metsi ya polokelo e e tshelang ya letamo go dirile gore ditlhomo tsa motlakase o o amanang le metsi di se ka tsa kgona go dira, ga pateletsa go kgaoga ga motlakase ka nako e telele le go abelwa metsi a a phepa go ralala mafatshe a Zambia le Zimbabwe, mme ga felela ka dikgoeletso tsa bosetšhaba tsa masetlapelo a komelelo go ralala ditšhaba di le thataro, go akaretsa Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi le Namibia.<ref>[https://reliefweb.int/report/angola/drought-southern-africa-angola-botswana-lesotho-malawi-mozambique-namibia-zambia-zimbabwe-public-health-situation-analysis-phsa-14-october-2024 Drought in Southern Africa: Public Health Situation Analysis] (Report). World Health Organization. 14 October 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2026.</ref> === Kgotlelego ya mafaratlhatlha le sediba se se kgabaganyang melelwane === Go farologana le seo, go akofisa ga ditiragalo tsa pula e e feteletseng go tshoseditse ka go lekana phitlhelelo ya metsi a a phepa. Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa 2025, morwalela o o sa tshwanelang le o o bokete wa tshoganyetso kwa Nigeria o ne wa baka dintsho di feta makgolo a mabedi le go fekeetsa mafaratlhatlha a metsi a mmasepala a selegae, mme se sa baka go tlhakana ka tlhamalalo ga metsi a a elelang le mokgatšha wa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe mo lefelong la ditoropo o o seng ko teng le dithulaganyo tsa diphaephe tsa mmasepala.<ref>[https://wmo.int/resources/publication-series/state-of-climate-africa/state-of-climate-africa-2025 "State of the Climate in Africa 2025]". World Meteorological Organization. 18 June 2026. Retrieved 19 June 2026.</ref> Mo dibeiseneng tse di kgabaganyang melelwane jaaka kgaolo ya Letsha la Chad, thuthafalo e e tswelelang le diphetogo tsa pula e e sa tlhomamang thata di tswelela go fetola bogolo jo bo ka tsayang metsi tsa paka. Dikgobalo tse di tlholang mo lefelong le le leng teng la boalogodimo di nyatsa ka tlhamalalo motheo wa didirisiwa tsa batho ba feta didikadike di le masome a mararo go ralala Nigeria, Niger, Chad, le Cameroon, go bontsha ka fao go sa sireletsega ga metsi mo go bakiwang ke seemo sa bosa go ka dirang jaaka setlhotlheletsi sa tsitsipano ya lefatshe le sepolotiki le go fuduga ka pateletso.<ref name=":9" /> == Mesi ya digase tse di tshwarang mogote mo loaping == ''Tshedimosetso e e oketsegileng: [[:en:Climate_change_in_South_Africa#Greenhouse_gas_emissions|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_South_Africa#Greenhouse_gas_emissions|seemo sa bosa mo Aforika Borwa § Mesi ya digase tsa tse di tshwarang mogote mo loaping]], [[:en:Climate_change_in_Kenya#Greenhouse_gas_emissions|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Kenya#Greenhouse_gas_emissions|seemo sa bosa kwa Kenya § Mesi ya digase tse di tshwarang mogote mo loaping]], [[:en:Climate_change_in_Nigeria#Greenhouse_gas_emissions|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Nigeria#Greenhouse_gas_emissions|seemo sa bosa kwa Nigeria § Mesi ya digase tse di tshwarang mogote mo loaping]], le [[:en:Climate_change_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa#Greenhouse_gas_emissions|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa#Greenhouse_gas_emissions|seemo sa bosa kwa Botlhabagare le Aforika Bokone § Mesi ya digase tse di tshwarang mogote mo loaping]]'' Mesi ya digase tse di tshwarang mogote mo loaping tsa Aforika ka motho mongwe le mongwe e kwa tlase fa e bapisiwa le karolokgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a mantsi mo teng e mengwe.<ref>[https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/outreach/IPCC_AR6_WGII_FactSheet_Africa.pdf "Fact sheet - Africa]" (PDF). Retrieved 4 August 2024.</ref> Mesi e e tswang mo phetogong ya tiriso ya lefatshe ga e tlhomame, bogolosegolo mo [[:en:Central_Africa|Bogare jwa Aforika]] .<ref name=":36">Mostefaoui, Mounia; Ciais, Philippe; McGrath, Matthew J.; Peylin, Philippe; Patra, Prabir K.; Ernst, Yolandi (11 January 2024). [https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/245/2024/ "Greenhouse gas emissions and their trends over the last 3 decades across Africa"]. ''Earth System Science Data''. '''16''' (1): 245–275. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024ESSD...16..245M 2024ESSD...16..245M]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5194/essd-16-245-2024|10.5194/essd-16-245-2024]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1866-3516 1866-3516].</ref> Motswedi o mogolo wa go sa tlhomamang o tswa mo diphetogong tsa ghese ya carbon dioxide mo lekalaneng la [[:en:LULUCF|LULUCF]] (khutshwafatso e e emetse tiriso ya lefatshe, [[:en:Land-use_change|phetogo ya tiriso ya lefatshe]], le dikgwa).<ref name=":36" /> == Ditlamorago == === Selekanyo sa mogote le phetogo ya seemo sa bosa === [[Setshwantsho:Koppen-Geiger Map v2 Africa 1991–2020.svg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa Aforika wa go tlhaola seemo sa bosa sa Köppen ka ngwaga wa 1991 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2020]] [[Setshwantsho:Koppen-Geiger Map Africa future.svg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa mahatshe a Africa ka dingwaga tsa 2071 go ya kwa 2100 ka fa tlase ga boemo [[:en:Representative_Concentration_Pathway|jo bo tseneletseng thata jwa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa]]. Ditiragalo tsa maemo a a fa gare ga jaanong jaana di tsewa di le kgonagalo e ntsi<ref>Hausfather, Zeke; Peters, Glen (29 January 2020). [[doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3|"Emissions – the 'business as usual' story is misleading]]". ''Nature''. '''577''' (7792): 618–20. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020Natur.577..618H 2020Natur.577..618H.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3|10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31996825 31996825].</ref><ref>Schuur, Edward A.G.; Abbott, Benjamin W.; Commane, Roisin; Ernakovich, Jessica; Euskirchen, Eugenie; Hugelius, Gustaf; Grosse, Guido; Jones, Miriam; Koven, Charlie; Leshyk, Victor; Lawrence, David; Loranty, Michael M.; Mauritz, Marguerite; Olefeldt, David; Natali, Susan; Rodenhizer, Heidi; Salmon, Verity; Schädel, Christina; Strauss, Jens; Treat, Claire; Turetsky, Merritt (2022). "[[doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847|Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic"]]. ''Annual Review of Environment and Resources''. '''47''': 343–371. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022ARER...47..343S 2022ARER...47..343S.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847|10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847]]. <q>Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3°C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement...</q></ref><ref>Phiddian, Ellen (5 April 2022). "[https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ Explainer: IPCC Scenarios]". ''[[:en:Cosmos_(magazine)|Cosmos]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230920224129/https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ Archived] from the original on 20 September 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023. <q>"The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[:en:The_Australian_Academy_of_Science|The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3°C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[:en:Climate_Action_Tracker|Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9°C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1°C.</q></ref>]] Go etswe tlhoko fa [[:en:Instrumental_temperature_record|mogote wa moalo wa lefatshe]] ka kakaretsoo ile kwa godimo mo Aforika kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabongwe go ya kwa tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa masome a mabedi le bongwe ka bokana jwa mogote wa Celcius e le nngwe (1 °C), mme mo gae mogote oo kwa tlase kwa Sahel fa paka e e omeletseng e fela e leselekanyo sa mogote sa Celcius e le boraro (3 °C).<ref name=":3">''Rural societies in the face of climatic and environmental changes in West Africa''. Marseille: IRD éditions. 2017. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-7099-2424-5|<bdi>978-2-7099-2424-5</bdi>.]] [[:en:OCLC#OCLC|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/title/1034784045 1034784045]. Impr. Jouve.</ref>Go thuthafala ga Aforika go oketsegile ka lefela ntlha tharo ya selekanyo sa mogote sa Celcius (+0.3 C) go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1991 go ya ko ngwageng wa 2021 fa go bapisiwa le koketsego ya lefela ntlha pedi (+0.2) ka nako ya ngwaga wa 1961 go ya ko ngwageng wa 1910. Go fophakanyediwa olediwa gore ka ngwaga wa 2030, batho ba Aforika ba tla bo ba le mo kotsing ya go tlhatloga ga bogodimo jwa lewatle ka ntlha ya go tlhatloga ga mogote. Se se tla dira gore go [[:en:Agricultural_productivity|ntsha dikungo ga temothuo]] go fokotsege.<ref>Engel, Ulf (2024). Engel, Ulf (ed.). ''Yearbook on the African Union Volume 3 (2022)''. Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar: Brill. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-90-04-68308-2|<bdi>978-90-04-68308-2</bdi>.]]</ref> Diphetogo tsa pula tse di lemogilweng di supa dipharologano tsa sebaka le tsa nako jaaka go solofetswe.<ref name=":10">Collins, Jennifer M. (15 July 2011). [[doi:10.1175/2011JCLI3753.1|"Temperature Variability over Africa]]". ''Journal of Climate''. '''24''' (14): 3649–3666. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JCli...24.3649C 2011JCli...24.3649C]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1175/2011JCLI3753.1|10.1175/2011JCLI3753.1]].</ref><ref>Niang, I.; O. C. Ruppel; M. A. Abdrabo; A. Essel; C. Lennard; J. Padgham, and P. Urquhart, 2014: Africa. In: ''Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability''. Part B: Regional Aspects. [https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-Chap22_FINAL.pdf Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [Barros, V. R.; C. B. Field; D. J. Dokken et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1199–1265.</ref> Diphetogo tse di lemogilweng mo megoteng le [[:en:Precipitation|pula]] di farologana go ya ka dikgaolo.<ref>Conway, Declan; Persechino, Aurelie; Ardoin-Bardin, Sandra; Hamandawana, Hamisai; Dieulin, Claudine; Mahé, Gil (February 2009). [[doi:10.1175/2008JHM1004.1|"Rainfall and Water Resources Variability in Sub-Saharan Africa during the Twentieth Century"]]. ''Journal of Hydrometeorology''. '''10''' (1): 41–59. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JHyMe..10...41C 2009JHyMe..10...41C.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1175/2008JHM1004.1|10.1175/2008JHM1004.1]].</ref><ref name=":10" /> Dikai tsa ga jaana tsa seemo sa bosa (jaaka di sobokantswe mo [[:en:IPCC_Sixth_Assessment_Report|Pegelong ya Tshekatsheko ya Borataro ya IPCC]]) di bonelapele koketsego ya makgetlo le maatla a ditiragalo tsa komelelo le pula e e maatla.<ref name=":4">Armstrong, Andrew; Dyer, Ellen; Koehler, Johanna; Hope, Rob (2022). [[doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102592|"Intra-seasonal rainfall and piped water revenue variability in rural Africa".]] Global Environmental Change. 76 102592. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022GEC....7602592A 2022GEC....7602592A]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102592|10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102592.]]  Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [[ccorg:licenses/by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> Gape di bonelapele phokotsego ya pula e e magareng mo e ka nnang gongwe le gongwe mo Aforika, ka tshepo e e magareng go ya go e e kwa godimo. Le fa go ntse jalo, diphetogo tsa pula ya selegae le ditirisano tsa loago le seemo sa bosa di ka bonala ka mekgwa e e tlhakaneng. Ka jalo, ditlamorago tse di kopanang tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa di tla farologana go ralala karolo e kgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a a mantsi mo teng. Mo metseng ya selegae, mekgwa ya pula e tlhotlheletsa tiriso ya metsi.<ref name=":4" /> [[Setshwantsho:Koppen-Geiger Map Africa future.svg|thumb|Setshwantso sa karolo kgolo ya Lefatshe ye naleng mafatshe ya Africa ya dingwaga tsa 2071 go ya kwa 2100 ka fa tlase ga boemo jo bo tseneletseng thata jwa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa . Ditiragalo tsa magareng ga jaana di tsewa di ka nna teng.]] Ditlhotlhomiso tse di dirilweng ka ngwaga wa 2019 di akanyeditse fa paka ya komelelo e tla tsaya lobaka ka nako ya dipula mme gape go nne le dipula tse di matsorotsoro mo Aforika.<ref name=":1">Kendon, Elizabeth J.; Stratton, Rachel A.; Tucker, Simon; Marsham, John H.; Berthou, Ségolène; Rowell, David P.; Senior, Catherine A. (2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6478940/ "Enhanced future changes in wet and dry extremes over Africa at convection-permitting scale"]. ''Nature Communications''. '''10''' (1): 1794. [[bibcode:2019NatCo..10.1794K|Bibcode]]:[[bibcode:2019NatCo..10.1794K|2019NatCo..10.1794K.]] [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-09776-9 10.1038/s41467-019-09776-9.] [[:en:International_Standard_Serial_Number|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:2041-1723 2041-1723]. [[:en:PubMed_Central#PMCID|PMC]][https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6478940/ &nbsp;6478940]. [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31015416/ 31015416.]</ref> Ka mafoko a mangwe "maemo a a feteletseng a bosa a tla gakalela pele".<ref name=":2">"[https://weather.com/news/climate/news/2019-06-18-africa-extreme-weather-drought-flood More Extreme Weather in Africa's Future, Study Says | The Weather Channel – Articles from The Weather Channel | weather.com"]. ''The Weather Channel''. Retrieved 1 July 2022.</ref> Patlisiso e fitlhetse gore bontsi jwa [[:en:Climate_model|dikai tsa seemo sa bosa]] ga di kitla di kgona go bona selekanyo sa diphetogo tseno ka gonne ga di letlelele [[:en:Atmospheric_convection|phetogo]] ya mowa mo dilekanong tsa tsone tse di makgwakgwa.<ref name=":1" /> === Go tlhatloga ga bogodimo jwa lewatle === ''Bona gape : [[:en:Floods_in_Africa|Merwalela mo Aforika]]'' [[Setshwantsho:Dar es Salaam (Aerial).jpg|thumb|Pono e e bonwang kwa godimo ya motsemogolo wa lefatshe la Tanzania, e leng Dar es Salaam.]] Mo [[:en:Africa|Aforika]], [[:en:Population_growth|kgolo ya batho]] mo isagong e oketsa dikotsi tse di bakiwang ke go tlhatloga ga bogodimo jwa lewatle. Batho ba ka nna didikadike di le masome a matlhano le bone ntlha pedi ba ne ba nna mo dikgaolong tsa lebopo tse di kwa tlase tse di tlhagelelang thata (LECZ) ka dingwaga tsa bo 2000. Palo e e tla menagana gabedi go fitlha go batho ba ka nna didikadike di le lekgolo le lesome ka dingwaga tsa bo 2030. Ka ngwaga wa 2060 e tla bo e le batho ba ka nna didikadike di le lekgolo le masome a borobabobedi le botlhano go ya go ko makgolong a mabedi le boraro, go ikaegile ka selekanyo sa kgolo ya baagi. Palogare ya tlhatlogo ya bogodimo jwa lewatle jwa kgaolo e tla nna mo tikologong ya selekanyo sa boleele jwa di centimetara di le masome a mabedi le bongwe ka ngwaga wa 2060. Ka nako eo ditiragalo tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa ga di kitla di dira pharologanyo e ntsi. Mme thutafatshe ya selegae le diphetogo tsa baagi di dirisana go oketsa go tlhagelela mo dikotsing tse di jaaka merwalela ya dingwaga di le lekgolo ka tsela e e raraaneng.<ref name=":5">Trisos, C. H., I. O. Adelekan, E. Totin, A. Ayanlade, J. Efitre, A. Gemeda, K. Kalaba, C. Lennard, C. Masao, Y. Mgaya, G. Ngaruiya, D. Olago, N. P. Simpson, and S. Zakieldeen 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter09.pdf Chapter 9: Africa]. In Climate [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability] [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, New York, US, pp. 2043–2121 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844.011.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Abidjan des Lagune.jpg|thumb|Abidjan, e leng toropo e e nonofileng thata ya ikonomi ya Ivory Coast]] {| class="wikitable" |+Dipalopalo tsa batho mo dipoeng tsa merwalela tsa dingwaga di le 100.<ref name=":5" /> !Lefatshe !2000 !2030 !2060 !Kgolo go ya ngwaga wa 2000 goya kwa ngwageng wa 2060 |- |Egypt |7.4 |13.8 |20.7 |0.28 |- |Nigeria |0.1 |0.3 |0.9 |0.84 |- |Senegal |0.4 |1.1 |2.7 |0.76 |- |Benin |0.1 |0.6 |1.6 |1.12 |- |Tanzania |0.2 |0.9 |4.3 |2.3 |- |Somalia |0.2 |0.6 |2.7 |1.7 |- |Cote d'Ivoire |0.1 |0.3 |0.7 |0.65 |- |Mozambique |0.7 |1.4 |2.5 |0.36 |} # Mo didikadikeng tsa batho. Kholomo ya bobedi le ya boraro di akaretsa bobedi ditlamorago tsa kgolo ya baagi le bogolo jo bo oketsegileng jwa dipoa tsa morwalela ka nako eo. # Koketsego ya baagi ba lefelo le boemo jo bo kwa godimo jo bo utlwalang jwa kgolo ya baagi. [[Setshwantsho:ANKOMAH 20221122-009.jpg|thumb|Monna mongwe o lebile kwa ntle kwa lotshitshing lwa lewatle a le mo kagong e e sentsweng ke makhubu a a kwa godimo kwa [[:en:Chorkor|Chorkor]], e leng torotswana ya [[:en:Accra|Accra]]. Morwalela wa letsatsi le letsatsi o o bakiwang ke go tlhatloga ga bogodimo jwa lewatle, o oketsa [[:en:Coastal_erosion|kgogolego ya mabopo]] e e senyang matlo, mafaratlhatlha le dithulaganyo tsa tlholego tsa tikologo. Baagi ba le mmalwa kwa Coastal Ghana ba setse ba itemogela go fetoga ga makhubu a lewatle.]] Mo pakeng e e gaufi, go lebeletswe gore go fuduga mo gogolo go tla diragala mo kgaolong ya [[:en:East_Africa|Botlhaba jwa Aforika]] . Bonnye jwa batho ba le dikete tse makgolo a supa le botlhano koo go ka direga gore ba fudusiwe go tswa kwa mabopong magareng ga dingwaga tsa 2020 le 2050. Dithutopatlisiso tsa saense di akanyeditse gore ditoropo tse dikgolo di le lesome le bobedi tsa Aforika di tla tshegetsa tshenyo e e kokoantsweng ya didikadike tsa dilora tsa USA di le masome a marataro le botlhano ka ntlha ya boemo jwa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa jo bo "magareng" jwa [[:en:Representative_Concentration_Pathway|RCP4.5]] ka ngwaga wa 2050. Ditoropo tse Abidjan, Alexandria, Algiers, Cape Town, Casablanca, Dakar, Dar es Salaam, Durban, Lagos, Lomé, Luanda le Maputo. Ka fa tlase ga boemo jwa go ntsha mesi e e kwa godimo jwa RCP8.5 tshenyo e tla fitlha didikadike tsa di dolara tsa lefatshe la USA di le masome a borobabobedi le boratatro ntlha tlhano. Mofuta wa boemo jwa go ntsha mesi e e kwa godimo jo bo nang le ditlamorago tse dingwe go tswa mo go sa tlhomamang ga aese e e kwa godimo go tla akaretsa ditshenyegelo tse di ka fitlhang go didikadike tsa di dolara tsa lefatshe la USA di le lekgolo le masome a mararo le bosupa ntlha tlhano. Tshenyo e e tswang mo ditiragalong tse tharo tse di ikarabelang mo godimo ga "ditiragalo tse di nang le kgonagalo e e kwa tlase, tse di nang le tshenyo e e kwa godimo" e tla tlhatlogela kwa go didikadikeng tsa di dolara di le lekgolo le masome a borobabobedi le bosupa, tse makgolo a mabei le borataro le makgolo a mararo le masome a a borobabongwe le bosupa ka go latelana.<ref name=":5" /> Mo dikakanyetsong tse, motsemogolo wa Egepeto wa Alexandria o le nosi o dira mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa palo e.<ref name=":5" /> Batho ba le diketekete tse di makgolokgolo mo mafelong a yone a a kwa tlase ba ka tswa ba setse ba tlhoka go fuduga mo dingwageng tse di lesome tse di tlang.<ref>Michaelson, Ruth (25 August 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/aug/29/alexandria-little-venice-egypt-climate-change-frontline "Houses claimed by the canal: life on Egypt's climate change frontline"]. [[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]. Retrieved 30 August 2018.</ref> Go ralala Aforika o o kwa [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|borwa jwa Sahara]] ka kakaretso, tshenyo e e bakiwang ke go tlhatloga ga bogodimo jwa lewatle e ka fitlha karolo ya bobedi go ya kwa boneng mo lekgolong ya GDP ka ngwaga wa 2050. Le fa go ntse jalo palo e e ikaegile ka selekanyo sa [[:en:Economic_growth|kgolo ya itsholelo]] ya isago le [[:en:Adaptation|go tlwaela]].<ref name=":5" /> [[Setshwantsho:Leptis Magna amphitheatre - panoramio.jpg|left|thumb|Masalela a [[:en:Amphitheater|lefelo la bobogelo]] la Leptis Magna, mme lewatle le bonala kwa morago]] Mo pakeng e telele, Egepeto, Mozambique le Tanzania di ka nna le palo e kgolo ya batho ba ba amiwang ke morwalela wa ngwaga le ngwaga mo dinageng tsotlhe tsa Aforika. Tekanyetso e e tsaya gore thuthafalo ya lefatshe e tla fitlha selekanyo sa mogote wa Celcius tse nne (4 °C) kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la dingwaga. Tlhatlhogo eo e amana le boemo jwa RCP8.5. Ka fa tlase ga RCP8.5, mafelo a botlhokwa a setso a le lesome a ne a tla bo a le mo kotsing ya morwalela le kgogolego kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo. Tsena ke [[:en:Casbah_of_Algiers|Casbah ya Algiers]], [[:en:Carthage#Archaeological_site|Lefelo la Boepi la Carthage]], [[:en:Kerkouane|Kerkouane]], Leptis Magna Lefelo la Boepi, Medina wa Sousse, Medina wa Tunis, Lefelo la Boepi la Sabratha, Setlhaketlhake sa Robben, Setlhaketlhake sa Saint-Louis le Tipasa. Palogotlhe ya lesome le botlhano a [[:en:Ramsar_site|mafelo a Ramsar]] le mafelo a mangwe a boswa jwa tlholego a ne a tla lebana le dikotsi tse di tshwanang. Tseno ke [[:en:Bao_Bolong_Wetland_Reserve|Lefelo la Polokelo ya Lefelo le le Metsi la Bao Bolong]][[:en:Delta_du_Saloum_National_Park|,Lefelo la Bosetšhaba ya Delta du Saloum]], [[:en:Diawling_National_Park|Lefelo la Bosetšhaba ya Diawling]], Kolofo ya Boughrara, Kalissaye, Letsha la Lewatle le Lefelo la Mejerda, [[:en:Marromeu_Game_Reserve|Lefelo la Tshireletso ya Diphologolo tsa Marromeu]], Lefelo la Tshireletso ya Diphologolo tsa Diphologolo tsa Marromeu, Lefelo la Tshireletso la Tlhago la Ditlhare tsa Mangrove le Lefelo la Polokelo ya Diphologolo tsa Seal, Essed, Sebkhet Soliman, Lefelo la Tlhago la Kgatlhego ya Setšhaba la Somone, [[:en:Songhor_Lagoon|Lefelo la Tlhago la Ditshedi la Songor]], [[:en:Tanbi_Wetland_Complex|Lefelo]] [[:en:Tanbi_Wetland_Complex|le le dikago tse dintsi la Metsi la Tanbi]] le [[:en:Watamu_Marine_National_Park|Lefelo la Bosetšhaba ya Lewatle ya Watamu]].<ref name=":5" /> == Ditlamorago tsa loago le itsholelo == [[Setshwantsho:Access to wood and water appears to be severely impacted by climate change in Kenya and Cameroon.png|thumb|Dipholo tsa patlisiso go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2022 di bontsha gore go bonala dikgong le metsi go amiwa thata ke phetogo ya seemo sa bosa kwa Kenya le kwa Cameroon<ref>Bank, European Investment (5 June 2023). ''[https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20230098-eib-climate-survey-africa-and-middle-east The EIB Climate Survey: Africa and the Middle East]''. European Investment Bank. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-861-5534-5|<bdi>978-92-861-5534-5</bdi>.]]</ref>]] [[:en:Climate_change|Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa]] e tla ama Aforika ka bontsi ka ntlha ya mabaka a le mantsi. Ditlamorago tse di setse di utlwiwa mme di tla oketsega ka bogolo fa go sa tsewe dikgato tsa go fokotsa mesi ya khabone mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Ditlamorago di akaretsa megote e e kwa godimo, komelelo, go fetoga ga mekgwa ya pula, le go fetoga fetoga mo go oketsegileng ga seemo sa bosa. Maemo a a na le tshusumetso mo go direng le go diriseng ga maatla. Komelelo ya sešweng mo [[:en:African_countries|mafatsheng a a mantsi a Aforika]], e e ntseng e golaganngwa le phetogo ya seemo sa bosa, e amile ka tsela e e sa siamang bobedi jwa [[:en:Energy_security|tshireletsego ya maatla]] le kgolo ya itsholelo go ralala karolo e kgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a mantsi mo teng. Aforika e tla nna nngwe ya dikgaolo tse di amiwang thata ke ditlamorago tse di sa siamang tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref name=":37">''[https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-Chap22_FINAL.pdf Africa. In: Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]'' (PDF). 2014.</ref> Mabaka a go nna mo kotsing ga Aforika a farologane mme a akaretsa maemo a a kwa tlase a bokgoni jwa go tlwaela, go anamisiwa mo go bokoa ga maranyane, le tshedimosetso e e maleba go tshegetsa go tlwaela, le go ikaega thata ka dithulaganyo tsa temothuo go bona matshelo.<ref>Welborn, Lily (2018). ''Africa and climate change: Projecting vulnerability and adaptive capacity''. Institute for Security Studies.</ref> Mafatshe a le mantsi go ralala Aforika a tlhaolwa jaaka [[:en:Least_Developed_Countries|mafatshe a a sa Tlhabologang thata]] (LDCs) tse di nang le maemo a a bokoa a loago le itsholelo, mme ka ntlha ya se di lebagane le dikgwetlho tse di rileng mo go tsibogeleng ditlamorago tsa [[:en:Climate_change|phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.]]<ref>UNDP/GEF (2018). ''[https://www.thegef.org/sites/default/files/publications/CCA-Africa-Final.pdf Climate Change Adaptation in Africa UNDP: Synthesis of Experiences and Recommendations]'' (PDF). UNDP/GEF.</ref> Dikotsi tse di bonalang tse di supilweng mo Aforika mo [[:en:IPCC_Fifth_Assessment_Report|Pegelong ya Tlhatlhobo ya Botlhano]] ya [[:en:Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change|IPCC]] di amana le dithulaganyo tsa tikologo, [[:en:Water_resources|go nna teng ga metsi]], le dithulaganyo tsa temothuo, ka ditlamorago mo tshireletsegong ya dijo.<ref name=":37" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2022, batho ba feta sekete di le borataro ba ba arabileng go tswa kwa mafatsheng a le lesome aAforika ba ne ba tsaya karolo mo patlisisong ya seemo sa bosa se se neng sa dirwa ke [[:en:European_Investment_Bank|Banka ya Dipeeletso karolokgolo ya lefatshe se se naleng mafatshe a mantsi sa Europe]].<ref name=":6">"[https://www.eib.org/en/surveys/climate-survey/5th-climate-survey/africa.htm 2022-2023 EIB Climate Survey, part 1 of 2: 88% of respondents believe that climate change is already affecting their everyday life]". ''EIB.org''. Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref> Patlisiso e fitlhetse gore karolo ya masome a borobabobebdi le borobabobedi ya ba ba arabilweng ba boletse fa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e utlwisa matshelo a bone botlhoko, fa karolo ya masome a marataro le bongwe mo lekgolong ya ba ba arabilweng ba boletse fa [[:en:Environmental_degradation|tshenyo ya tikologo]] e amile lotseno lwa bone kgotsa motswedi wa matshelo a bone.<ref>[https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2022-554-eib-climate-survey-88-of-african-respondents-believe-that-climate-change-is-already-affecting-their-everyday-life "EIB Climate Survey: 88% of African respondents believe that climate change is already affecting their everyday life"]. ''European Investment Bank''. Retrieved 28 February 2023.</ref> Ditatlhegelo tse gantsi di bakwa ke [[:en:Drought|komelelo]] e e tseneletseng, go oketsega ga bogodimo jwa lewatle kgotsa [[:en:Coastal_erosion|kgogolego ya mabopo]], kgotsa ditiragalo tse di feteletseng tsa maemo a bosa jaaka [[:en:Flood|merwalela]] kgotsa ditsuatsue.<ref name=":6" /> Go feta sephatlo sa batho ba ba arabilweng ba Aforika (karolo ya masome a matlhano le bosupa mo lekgolong) ba rile bone kgotsa batho ba ba ba itseng ba setse ba tsere dikgato tsa go tlwaela ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa. Gareng ga dikgato tse ke dipeeletso mo didirisweng tse di somarelang metsi go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa komelelo le go phepafatsa mesele ya metsi pele ga morwalela.<ref name=":6" /> Karolo ya masome a mararo le bone mo lekgolong ya batho botlhe ba ba arabilweng ba Aforika ba rile phetogo ya seemo sa bosa ke nngwe ya dintlha tse di botlhokwa thata tse di lebaganeng le lefatshe la bona, gareng ga dintlha tse dingwe tsa botlhokwa tse di jaaka [[:en:Inflation|koketsego]] ya ditlhwatlhwa le phitlhelelo ya [[:en:Health_care|tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo]].<ref name=":6" /> === Ditlamorago tsa itsholelo === Afrika e thuthafala ka bonako go feta lefatshe lotlhe ka palogare. Dikarolo tse dikgolo tsa karolokgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a mantsi mo teng di ka nna tsa se ka tsa agiwa ka ntlha ya seo mme palogotlhe ya [[:en:Gross_domestic_product|dikumo tsa selegae tsa Aforika]] (GDP) e ka nna ya fokotsega ka karolo ya bobedi mo lekgolong ka ntlha ya tlhatlogo ya selekanyo sa mogote wa Celcius e le nngwe (1 °C) ya mogote ya palogare ya lefatshe, le ka karolo ya lesome le bobedi mo lekgolong (12%) ka ntlha ya tlhatlogo ya selekanyo sa mogote wa karolo ya Celcius ya bone (4 °C) ya mogote. Dithobo tsa dijalo di solofetswe go fokotsega thata ka ntlha ya go tlhatloga ga mogote mme go solofetswe gore dipula tse di maatla di tla na kgapetsakgapetsa le ka maatla mo Aforika yotlhe, go oketsa kotsi ya merwalela.<ref name=":38">[[:en:Climate_change_in_Africa#CITEREFEuropean_Investment_Bank2022c|European Investment Bank 2022c]].</ref><ref>[https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/climate-change-triggers-mounting-food-insecurity-poverty-and-displacement-africa "Climate change triggers mounting food insecurity, poverty and displacement in Africa]". ''public.wmo.int''. 18 October 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2022.</ref><ref>"[https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/december-2018-march-2019/global-warming-severe-consequences-africa Global warming: severe consequences for Africa]". ''Africa Renewal''. 7 December 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2022.</ref><ref>[https://unfccc.int/news/climate-change-is-an-increasing-threat-to-africa "Climate Change Is an Increasing Threat to Africa]". ''United Nations Climate Change News''. 27 October 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2022.</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, Aforika e latlhegelwa ke madi a a fa gare ga didolara di le didikadike di le supa le didolara di le didikaike di le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga ka ntlha ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa, mme go lebeletswe gore e tla fitlha go didolara di le didikadike di le masome a matlhano ka ngwaga wa 2030.<ref>Rathi, Akshat; Rao, Mythili (2 May 2024). "[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-02/inside-the-bank-financing-africa-s-green-growth One Bank Is Turning Africa's Climate Vulnerability Into Opportunity]". ''www.bloomberg.com''. Retrieved 11 May 2024.</ref> ==== Temothuo ==== ''Pego e kgolo: [[:en:Effects_of_climate_change_on_agriculture#Africa|Ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa mo temothuong § Aforika]]'' Temothuo ke lekalana le le botlhokwa thata mo Aforika, le le nang le seabe mo matshelong le mo itsholelong go ralala karolo e kgolo ya Lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a mantsi mo teng. Batho ba le bantsi ba ikaegile ka temothuo jaaka tsela ya go ikaga mo itsholelong le motswedi wa dijo. Ba le bantsi ba ikaegile ka metswedi e e bosisi mo seemong sa bosa. Go akanyediwa gore tiro ya dijalo e tlaa fokotsega go ralala Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara. Ka palogare, temothuo mo Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara e na le seabe sa karolo ya lesome le botlhano mo lekgolong ya GDP yotlhe.<ref name=":7">OECD/FAO (2016). ''[http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5778e.pdf OECD‑FAO Agricultural Outlook 2016‑2025]'' (PDF). OECD Publishing. pp.&#x20;59–61. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-64-25323-0|<bdi>978-92-64-25323-0</bdi>.]]</ref> Thutafatshe ya Aforika e dira gore e nne mo kotsing thata ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa, mme karolo ya masome a supa mo lekgolong ya baagi ba ikaegile ka temothuo e e fepiwang ka pula go itshedisa.<ref>Läderach, Peter; Martinez-Valle, Armando; Bourgoin, Clement; Parker, Louis (27 March 2019). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6436735 Vulnerability of the agricultural sector to climate change: The development of a pan-tropical Climate Risk Vulnerability Assessment to inform sub-national decision making"]. ''PLOS ONE''. '''14''' (3) e0213641. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019PLoSO..1413641P 2019PLoSO..1413641P.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213641|10.1371/journal.pone.0213641.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6436735 6436735]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30917146 30917146].</ref> [[:en:Smallholding|Dipolase tse dinnye]] di dira karolo ya masome a borobabobedi mo lekgolong ya masimo a a lengwang mo Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara.<ref name=":7" /> IPCC ka ngwaga wa 2007 e ne ya akanyetsa gore go fetoga ga seemo sa bosa le phetogo go tla tsenya ntshodikuno ya temothuo mo kotsing thata le phitlhelelo ya dijo<ref>Parry, M. L.; et&#x20;al., eds. (2007). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20181102223635/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/spmsspm-c.html Summary for Policymakers: C. Current knowledge about future impacts]". ''Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change''. Cambridge University Press. Archived from [http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/spmsspm-c.html the original] on 2 November 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2023.</ref>:(tsebe ya lesome le boraro) Tekanyetso e e ne ya abelwa "tshepo e e kwa godimo". Dithulaganyo tsa dijalo, leruo le botshwaraditlhapi di tla nna mo kotsing e kgolo ya disenyi le malwetse ka ntlha ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa ya isago.<ref name=":8">Dhanush, D.; Bett, B. K.; Boone, R. B.; Grace, D.; Kinyangi, J.; Lindahl, J. F.; Mohan, C. V.; Ramírez Villegas, J.; Robinson, T. P.; Rosenstock, T. S.; Smith, J. (2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230716201342/https://cgspace.cgiar.org/rest/bitstreams/55241/retrieve "Impact of climate change on African agriculture: focus on pests and diseases]". ''CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security''.</ref> Disenyi tsa dijalo di setse di dira mo e ka nnang bongwe mo borartarong ya ditatlhegelo tsa ntshodikuno ya polase.<ref name=":8" /> Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e tla itlhaganedisa go anama ga disenyi le malwetse le go oketsa go diragala ga ditiragalo tse di nang le ditlamorago tse di masisi.<ref name=":8" /> Ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa boswa mo ntshokunong ya temothuo mo Aforika di tla nna le ditlamorago tse di masisi mo tshireletsegong ya dijo le mo matshelong. Go tlhoka dikotla tse di farologaneng go ne ga baka go palelwa ke go ja dikotla dingwe tse di botlhokwa. Go tlhoka dikotla tse go ka baka tlhaelo ya vitamin A le madi. Se se ne se tlwaelegile thata go bonwa ka dinako tsa komelelo le tlhaelo ya dijo ka gonne ditlhopho di ne di le mmalwa.[citation needed] Magareng ga ngwaga wa 2014 le ngwaga wa 2018, Aforika e ne e na le maemo a a kwa godimo a go tlhoka tshireletsego ya dijo mo lefatsheng.<ref>''[http://www.fao.org/state-of-food-security-nutrition/en/ SOFI 2019 – The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World]''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2021. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4060/CB4474EN|10.4060/CB4474EN.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-5-134325-8|<bdi>978-92-5-134325-8</bdi>.]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:241785130 241785130].</ref> Mabapi le dithulaganyo tsa temothuo, go ikaega thata ka temothuo ya go iphedisa e e fepiwang ke pula le kamogelo e e kwa tlase ya [[:en:Climate_smart_agriculture|mekgwa ya temothuo e e botlhale]] ya seemo sa bosa go na le seabe mo maemong a a kwa godimo a go nna mo kotsing ga lekalana. Seemo se okediwa ke go sa ikanyege ga, le phitlhelelo ya, tshedimosetso ya seemo sa bosa le tshedimosetso go tshegetsa dikgato tsa go tlwaela.<ref>Dinku, Tufa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221101070648/https://ictupdate.cta.int/en/article/overcoming-challenges-in-the-availability-and-use-of-climate-data-in-africa-sid06fd8a811-e179-4fa5-9c8f-806bd2f27c3e "Overcoming challenges in the availability and use of climate data in Africa]". ''ICT Update CTA''. Archived from [https://ictupdate.cta.int/en/article/overcoming-challenges-in-the-availability-and-use-of-climate-data-in-africa-sid06fd8a811-e179-4fa5-9c8f-806bd2f27c3e the original] on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2023.</ref> Dikgoreletsi tse di lemogilweng le tse di akanyediwang mo mekgweng ya pula ka ntlha ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa di ka nna tsa khutshwafatsa dipaka tsa go gola le go ama thobo ya dijalo mo dikarolong di le dintsi tsa Aforika. Go feta moo, lekalana la temothuo mo Aforika le laolwa ke balemi ba banyennyane ba nang le phihlello e lekanyeditsweng ya maranyane le mehlodi ya go tlwaela.<ref>"[https://www.cropscience.bayer.com/en/stories/2018/supporting-sub-saharan-africas-farmers-closing-the-gap Supporting Sub-Saharan Africa's Farmers – Bayer – Crop Science]". ''www.cropscience.bayer.com''. Retrieved 15 August 2019.</ref> Go fetogafetoga ga seemo sa bosa le phetogo e nnile mme go tswelela go nna motswedi o mogolo wa go fetogafetoga ga tlhagiso ya dijo ya lefatshe go ralala mafatshe a a tlhabologang kwa tlhagiso e ikaegileng thata ka pula.<ref>Thornton, Philip K; Ericksen, Polly J; Herrero, Mario; Challinor, Andrew J (November 2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4258067 "Climate variability and vulnerability to climate change: a review"]. ''Global Change Biology''. '''20''' (11): 3313–3328. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014GCBio..20.3313T 2014GCBio..20.3313T.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/gcb.12581|10.1111/gcb.12581.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4258067 4258067]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24668802 24668802].</ref><ref>HU, Tongxi; Zhang, Xuesong; Khanal, Sami; Wilson, Robyn; Leng, Guoyong; Toman, Elizabeth; Wang, Xuhui; Zhao, Kaiguang (19 June 2024). "[https://bpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/7/24705/files/2024/09/review-climate-impact-crop-yield-machine-learning.pdf Climate change impacts on crop yields: A review of empirical findings, statistical crop models, and machine learning methods"] (PDF). ''Environmental Modelling & Software''. '''179''' (106119) 106119. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024EnvMS.17906119H 2024EnvMS.17906119H]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106119|10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106119.]]</ref>Lekalana la temothuo le bosisi mo go fetogeng ga seemo sa bosa,<ref>Sabiiti, Geoffrey; Ininda, Joseph Mwalichi; [[:en:Ogallo_Laban|Ogallo, Laban]]; Opijah, Franklin; Nimusiima, Alex; Otieno, George; Ddumba, Saul Daniel; Nanteza, Jamiat; Basalirwa, Charles (2016). [https://jeas.agropublishers.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/JEAS-7-1.pdf "Nanteza and C. Basalirwa. 2016. Empirical relationship between banana yields and climate variability over Uganda"] (PDF). ''Journal of Environmental & Agricultural Sciences''. '''7''': 3–13.</ref> bogolosegolo go fetoga ga pula mo magareng ga dingwaga, mekgwa ya mogote, le ditiragalo tse di feteletseng tsa maemo a bosa (dikomelelo le merwalela). Ditiragalo tse tsa seemo sa bosa di bonelwa kwa pele go oketsega mo isagong mme di solofetswe go nna le ditlamorago tse di bonalang mo lephateng la temothuo.<ref name=":39">Sabiiti, Geoffrey; Ininda, Joseph Mwalichi; Ogallo, Laban Ayieko; Ouma, Jully; Artan, Guleid; Basalirwa, Charles; Opijah, Franklin; Nimusiima, Alex; Ddumba, Saul Daniel; Mwesigwa, Jasper Batureine; Otieno, George; Nanteza, Jamiat (2018). "Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Suitability of Banana Crop Production to Future Climate Change over Uganda". ''Limits to Climate Change Adaptation''. Climate Change Management. pp.&#x20;175–190. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64599-5_10|10.1007/978-3-319-64599-5_10.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-319-64598-8|<bdi>978-3-319-64598-8</bdi>.]]</ref> Se se tla nna le tlhotlheletso e e sa siamang mo ditlhwatlhweng tsa dijo, pabalesego ya dijo, le ditshwetso tsa tiriso ya lefatshe.<ref>"A1 – 1 Sustainability, food security and climate change: three intertwined challenges". ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20190601030918/http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture-sourcebook/concept/module-a1-introducing-csa/chapter-a1-1/en Climate-Smart Agriculture Sourcebook]''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 15 August 2019.</ref> Dithobo go tswa mo [[:en:Rainfed_agriculture|temothuong e e nosiwang ke pula]] mo mafatsheng a mangwe a Aforika di ka fokodiwa ka go fitlha karolong ya masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ka ngwaga wa 2020.<ref name=":39" /> Go thibela ditlamorago tse di senyang tsa isago tsa go fetoga ga seemo sa bosa mo tlhagisong ya dijo, go botlhokwa go baakanya kgotsa go tshitshinya melawana e e kgonegang go samagana le go fetoga ga seemo sa bosa mo go oketsegileng. Mafatshe a Aforika a tlhoka go aga letlhomeso la semolao la bosetšhaba go laola metswedi ya dijo go ya ka go fetogafetoga ga seemo sa bosa mo go solofetsweng. Le fa go ntse jalo, pele ga go tlhama melawana ya go samagana le ditlamorago tsa go fetoga ga seemo sa bosa, bogolosegolo mo lephateng la temothuo, go botlhokwa go nna le tlhaloganyo e e tlhamaletseng ya gore go fetoga ga seemo sa bosa go ama jang dijalo tse di farologaneng tsa dijo.<ref>Shah, Hassnain; Hellegers, Petra; Siderius, Christian (1 January 2021). [[doi:10.1016/j.crm.2021.100378|"Climate risk to agriculture: A synthesis to define different types of critical moments"]]. ''Climate Risk Management''. '''34''' 100378. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021CliRM..3400378S 2021CliRM..3400378S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.crm.2021.100378|10.1016/j.crm.2021.100378]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2212-0963 2212-0963].</ref> Se se maleba thata ka ngwaga wa 2020 ka ntlha ya tlhaselo e e masisi ya di [[:en:Locust|Tsie]] e e amang temothuo botlhaba jwa Aforika ka tsela e e sa siamang.<ref name=":40">Rosane, Olivia (27 January 2020). [https://www.ecowatch.com/locust-swarm-east-africa-2644928358.html "Worst Locust Swarm to Hit East Africa in Decades Linked to Climate Crisis"]. Ecowatch. Retrieved 6 February 2020.</ref> Tlhaselo e ne e amana le phetogo ya seemo sa bosa– mogote o o bothitho le pula e e bokete e e bakileng koketsego e e sa tlwaelegang ya palo ya tsie.<ref name=":40" /> Kwa Botlhaba jwa Aforika , phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e solofetswe go gakatsa makgetlo le bogale jwa komelelo le merwalela, e e ka nnang le ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo lephateng la temothuo. Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e tla nna le ditlamorago tse di farologaneng mo ntshokunong ya temothuo mo Aforika Botlhaba. Dipatlisiso go tswa kwa [[:en:International_Food_Policy_Research_Institute|Setheong sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa Patlisiso ya]] [[:en:International_Food_Policy_Research_Institute|Melawana ya Dijo]] (IFPRI) di tshitshinya koketsego ya thobo ya mmidi mo bontsing jwa Aforika Botlhaba, fela ditatlhegelo tsa thobo mo dikarolong tsa Ethiopia, [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Rephaboliki ya]] [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|batho ka batho ya Congo]] (DRC), Tanzania le bokone jwa Uganda.<ref>"[http://www.ifpri.org/publication/east-african-agriculture-and-climate-change-comprehensive-analysis East African agriculture and climate change: A comprehensive analysis]". ''[[:en:International_Food_Policy_Research_Institute|International Food Policy Research Institute]] (IFPRI)''. 2013. Retrieved 21 September 2019.</ref> Diponelopele tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa le tsone di solofetswe go fokotsa bokgoni jwa lefatshe le le lemilweng go ntsha dijalo tsa bontsi le boleng jo bo kwa godimo.<ref>Kurukulasuriya, P.; Mendelsohn, R. (25 September 2008). ''[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/09/11/000158349_20080911163038/Rendered/PDF/WPS4717.pdf How Will Climate Change Shift Agro-Ecological Zones And Impact African Agriculture?]'' (PDF). Policy Research Working Papers. The World Bank. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1596/1813-9450-4717|10.1596/1813-9450-4717]]. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10986/6994|10986/6994]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129416028 129416028].</ref> [[:en:Climate_change_in_Kenya|Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa kwa Kenya]] e solofetswe go nna le ditlamorago tse dikgolo mo lephateng la temothuo, le le fepiwang thata ke pula mme ka jalo le le mo kotsing e kgolo ya diphetogo tsa megote le mekgwa ya pula, le ditiragalo tse di feteletseng tsa maemo a bosa.<ref name=":41">Ministry of Environment and Forestry. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20220402131336/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/NCCAP-2018-2022-v2.pdf National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2018–2022. Volume I]" (PDF). Archived from [http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/NCCAP-2018-2022-v2.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2 April 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2023.</ref> Ditlamorago di ka nna tsa bonala thata mo mafatsheng a a omileng le a a omeletseng go sekae (di-ASAL) moo ntshodikuno ya leruo e leng tiro ya botlhokwa ya itsholelo le ya matshelo. Mo di-ASAL, go feta karolo ya masome a supa mo lekgolong ya dintsho tsa leruo ke ditlamorago tsa komelelo.<ref name=":41" /> Mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di latelang,[leng?] karolo ya masome a mtlhano le bobedi ya palo ya dikgomo tsa ASAL di mo kotsing ya go latlhegelwa ka ntlha ya kgatelelo e e feteletseng ya megote.<ref>Kenya Markets Trust (2019). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20230216210136/https://www.kenyamarkets.org/contextualising-pathways-to-resilience-in-kenyas-asals-under-the-big-four-agenda/ Contextualising Pathways to Resilience in Kenya's ASALs under the Big Four Agenda]". Archived from [https://www.kenyamarkets.org/contextualising-pathways-to-resilience-in-kenyas-asals-under-the-big-four-agenda/ the original] on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2023.</ref> Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e tla gakatsa go nna mo kotsing ga lekala la temothuo mo mafatsheng a le mantsi tsa Borwa jwa Aforika tse di setseng di lekanyeditswe ke mafaratlhatlha a a bokoa le go diega ga ditsenngwateng tsa maranyane le boitshimololedi.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20220728201021/https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/2016%20CRM%20Fact%20Sheet%20-%20Southern%20Africa.pdf Fact sheet]" (PDF). ''www.climatelinks.org''. Retrieved 12 July 2020.</ref> Mmidi o dira mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa lefatshe le le lengwang mo Borwa jwa Aforika, mme ka fa tlase ga phetogo ya seemo sa bosa sa isago, thobo e ka fokotsega ka karolo ya masome a mararo mo lekgolong.<ref>[http://www.ifpri.org/publication/overview-southern-african-agriculture-and-climate-change "Overview &#x5B;in Southern African Agriculture and Climate Change&#x5D;]". ''www.ifpri.org''. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> Megote e e oketsegang gape di rotloetsa go anama ga mefero le disenyi.<ref>Hachigonta, Sepo; Nelson, Gerald C.; Thomas, Timothy S.; Sibanda, Lindiwe Majele (2013). "Overview". ''[https://cdm15738.contentdm.oclc.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/127787/filename/127998.pdf Southern African Agriculture and Climate Change: A Comprehensive Analysis]'' (PDF). International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). pp.&#x20;1–24. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]][[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-89629-208-6|&#x20;<bdi>978-0-89629-208-6</bdi>]].</ref> Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e tla ama thata temothuo mo Bophirima jwa Aforika ka go oketsa pharologano mo tlhagisong ya dijo, phitlhelelo le go nna teng ga dijo.<ref>Brown, Molly E.; Hintermann, B.; Higgins, N. (January 2009). "[https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20090027893.pdf Markets, Climate Change and Food Security in West Africa"] (PDF). ''Environmental Science & Technology''. '''43''' (21): 8016–8020. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EnST...43.8016B 2009EnST...43.8016B.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1021/es901162d|10.1021/es901162d]]. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:2060/20090027893|2060/20090027893]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19924916 19924916]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9412710 9412710].</ref> Pula e e kwa godimo, dipaka tsa komelelo tse di tsayang nako e telele le megote e e kwa godimo di solofetswe go ama ka tsela e e sa siamang ntshodikuno ya manioko, mmidi le dinawa mo Aforika Bogare.<ref name=":42">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20200728153008/https://www.climatelinks.org/file/4614/download?token=rlgPz1eX Climate Risks in the Central Africa Regional Program for the Environment (CARPE) and Congo Basin]". ''Climatelinks''. Archived from [https://www.climatelinks.org/file/4614/download?token=rlgPz1eX the original] on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2023.</ref> Morwalela le kgogolego di solofetswe go senya mafaratlhatlha a dipalangwa a a setseng a lekanyeditswe mo kgaolong e e tla lebisang kwa ditatlhegelong tsa morago ga thobo.<ref name=":42" /> Thomelontle ya dijalo tsa itsholelo jaaka kofi le cocoa e a oketsega mo kgaolong mme dijalo tse di mo kotsing e kgolo ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref name=":42" /> Dikgotlhang le go sa tlhomamang ga sepolotiki di nnile le tshusumetso mo seabeng sa temothuo mo GDP ya kgaolo mme tshusumetso e e tla gakadiwa ke dikotsi tsa seemo sa bosa.<ref>[https://www.un.org/en/africa/osaa/pdf/pubs/2013africanagricultures.pdf "Agriculture in Africa"] (PDF). ''United Nations''. 2013.</ref> Palogotlhe ya dikuno tsa selegae tsa Aforika (GDP) e ka nna ya fokotsega ka karolo ya bobedi mo lekgolong ka ntlha ya tlhatlogo ya selekanyo sa mogote sa Celcius e le nngwe (1 °C) ya mogote ya palogare ya lefatshe, le ka karolo ya lesome le bobedi mo lekgolong ka ntlha ya tlhatlogo ya selekanyo sa mogote sa Celcius sa bone (4 °C) ya mogote. [[:en:Crop_yield|Dithobo tsa dijalo]] di solofetswe go fokotsega thata ka ntlha ya megote tse di tlhatlogang le koketsego ya kgonagalo ya komelelo go ralala karolo ya . Mo godimo ga moo, go solofetswe gore dipula tse di maatla di tla na kgapetsakgapetsa le ka maatla mo Aforika yotlhe, mme seno se tla oketsa kotsi ya [[:en:Flood|merwalela]].<ref name=":38" /><ref>[https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/climate-change-triggers-mounting-food-insecurity-poverty-and-displacement-africa "Climate change triggers mounting food insecurity, poverty and displacement in Africa]". ''public.wmo.int''. 18 October 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2022.</ref><ref>[https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/december-2018-march-2019/global-warming-severe-consequences-africa "Global warming: severe consequences for Africa]". ''Africa Renewal''. 7 December 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2022.</ref><ref>[https://unfccc.int/news/climate-change-is-an-increasing-threat-to-africa "Climate Change Is an Increasing Threat to Africa]". ''unfccc.int''. Retrieved 26 July 2022.</ref> === Maatla === [[Setshwantsho:M-Power solar in Tanzania (1080).jpg|thumb|Dipone tsa letsatsi le motlakase di tsentswe mo lapeng la mosadi mongwe wa kwa Tanzania.]] Ka palo ya batho e e oketsegang le tlhokego e e tsamaelanang ya maatla, tshireletsego ya maatla e tshwanetse go rarabololwa ka gonne maatla a botlhokwa mo tlhabololong e e tswelelang. Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e amile makalana a maatla mo Aforika jaaka fa mafatshe a le mantsi a ikaegile ka tlhagiso ya maatla a metsi. Go fokotsega ga maemo a pula le komelelo go dirile gore maemo a metsi a nne kwa tlase mo matamong a a nang le ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo go tlhagiseng maatla a metsi. Se se dirile gore go nne le tlhagiso e e kwa tlase ya maatla a motlakase, ditshenyegelo tse di kwa godimo tsa motlakase le go kgaoga ga motlakase kgotsa go kgaoga ga motlakase mo mafatsheng a mangwe a Aforika a a ikaegileng ka tlhagiso ya motlakase o o dirisiwang ka metsi. Dikgoreletsi tsa go dira maatla a metsi di amile makala a a farologaneng mo mafatsheng jaaka [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]], [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]], [[:en:Kenya|Kenya]] le [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]] ka tsela e e sa siamang. == Tlhaelo ya metsi == [[Setshwantsho:Water Shortage in Ethiopia (935).jpg|thumb|Tlhaelo ya metsi kwa lefatsheng la Ethiiopia]] Boleng le go nna teng ga metsi go senyegile mo mafelong a le mantsi a Aforika, bogolosegolo ka ntlha ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref>Rankoana, Sejabaledi Agnes (1 January 2020). [[doi:10.1108/IJCCSM-04-2020-0033|"Climate change impacts on water resources in a rural community in Limpopo province, South Africa: a community-based adaptation to water insecurity"]]. ''International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management''. '''12''' (5): 587–598. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020IJCCS..12..587R 2020IJCCS..12..587R.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1108/IJCCSM-04-2020-0033|10.1108/IJCCSM-04-2020-0033]].</ref> Metswedi ya metsi e mo kotsing mme e na le kgonagalo ya go amiwa thata ke phetogo ya seemo sa bosa ka ditlamorago tse dikgolo mo merafeng ya batho.<ref>[https://www.ipcc.ch/publication/climate-change-and-water-2/ "Climate Change and Water — IPCC]". Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> IPCC e bonelapele gore didikadike tsa batho mo Aforika di tla nna di lebane le kgatelelo e e oketsegileng ya metsi ka ntlha ya go fetoga ga seemo sa bosa le phetogo ([[:en:IPCC_Fifth_Assessment_Report|IPCC ngwaga wa 2013]]). Diphetogo mo mekgweng ya pula di ama ka tlhamalalo [[:en:Surface_runoff|go elela ga metsi mo godimo ga lefatshe]] le go nna teng ga metsi.<ref>Fowler, H. J.; Blenkinsop, S.; Tebaldi, C. (October 2007). "Linking climate change modelling to impacts studies: recent advances in downscaling techniques for hydrological modelling". ''International Journal of Climatology''. 27 (12): 1547–1578. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007IJCli..27.1547F 2007IJCli..27.1547F.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Water_Shortage_in_Ethiopia_%28935%29.jpg/500px-Water_Shortage_in_Ethiopia_%28935%29.jpg 10.1002/joc.1556]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53472608 53472608].</ref> Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e ka gakatsa gape mafelo a a nang le kgatelelo ya metsi go ralala Aforika – sekai, lefelo la Rufiji kwa Tanzania<ref>Conway, Declan; Geressu, Robel; Harou, Julien; Kashaigili, Japhet; Pettinotti, L.; Siderius, Christian (2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230210055437/https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/tanzania_rufiji_river_basin_brief.pdf "Designing a process for assessing climate resilience in Tanzania's Rufiji basin]" (PDF). ''FCFA Country Brief''.</ref> – ka ntlha ya tiriso e e farologaneng ya lefatshe, le dikgwetlho tse di raraaneng tsa loago le sepolotiki. Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa mo karolokgolong ya lefasthe e e naleng mafatshe a a mantsi mo teng ya Aforika e fetotse thata modikologo wa metsi kgotsa wa metsi wa Aforika ka go dira gore pula e se ka ya tlhomama, go oketsa bogale jwa merwalela le komelelo, go fokotsa go ikanyega ga metsi a a kwa godimo le a a fa fatshe le gape go itlhaganedisa seelo sa mowafalo. Diphetogo tse tsa seemo sa bosa di dirile gore go nne le metsi a a dirisiwang mo gae le mo temothuong, go dira maatla ka bontsi jwa dinaga mo Aforika di dira maatla a tsona go tswa mo metsing le gape go tswelela ga thulaganyo ya tikologo mo Aforika.<ref name=":11">Isaacman, Allen; Musemwa, Muchaparara (1 October 2021). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355000708_Water_Security_in_Africa_in_the_Age_of_Global_Climate_Change Water Security in Africa in the Age of Global Climate Change]". ''Daedalus''. '''150''': 7–26. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1162/daed_e_01870|10.1162/daed_e_01870]] &#x2013; via ResearchGate.</ref><ref>[https://archive.uneca.org/sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/policy_brief_4_climate_change_and_water_in_africa_challenges_opportunities_and_recommendations.pdfhttps://archive.uneca.org/sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/policy_brief_4_climate_change_and_water_in_africa_challenges_opportunities_and_recommendations.pdf https://archive.uneca.org/sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/policy_brief_4_climate_change_and_water_in_africa_challenges_opportunities_and_recommendations.pdf]. <nowiki>{{cite book}}</nowiki>: Missing or empty |title= (help)</ref><ref>"[https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/transboundary-waters/news News]". ''World Bank''. Retrieved 12 June 2026.</ref> === Matshosetsi a Botlhokwa a seemo sa bosa mo Tshireletsegong ya Metsi mo Aforika === * Pula e e sa tlhomamang: Mokgwa wa pula e e sa tlhomamang kgotsa e e sa bonelwang pele mo Aforika o nyatsa kgotsa o tsenya mo kotsing kungo ya ya dijalo le go itlhaganedisa go fokotsega ga metswedi ya metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. Bontsi jwa batho (Balemirui) mo karolong nngwe ya Aforika, ka tlwaelo ba ikaegile ka dipaka tsa dipula tse di bonelwang pele go jala dijalo tsa bona. Mo ntlheng e fa pula e nna e e sa tlhomamang, e ka diegisa pula kgotsa ya na ditsuatsue tse di maatla tse di ka amang balemirui mo go lemeng dijalo.<ref>[https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/opag-2021-0042/html?srsltid=AfmBOorEOnBGaZqgX15b1hSPcNAUiOvu0wK5fm8cclJLF5EMswne2RxW "Climate change stressors affecting household food security among Kimandi-Wanyaga smallholder farmers in Murang'a County, Kenya".]</ref> * Ditiragalo tsa Maemo a Bosa a a Feteletseng: Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa mo Aforika e e golaganeng le maemo a bosa a a feteletseng e ntse e tlwaelega ka iketlo go ralala karolokgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a a mantsi mo teng. Dipaka tse di telele tsa komelelo di isa kwa tlhaelong ya metsi, fa pula e e maatla le merwalela di senya dithoto le go oketsa go anama ga malwetse a a tshelanwang ke metsi kgotsa a a amanang le ona. * Dikgotlhang tsa Kgabaganyo ya Melelwane: phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e ka fokotsa go nna teng ga metsi mo mekgatsheng e e abelanwang. Tlhaelo ya metsi e ka baka gore mafatshe a a ikaegileng ka motswedi o le mongwe wa metsi di ka gaisana ka taolo le phitlhelelo e e ka felelang ka tsitsipano. Ka sekai, fa go akanyediwa Volta Basin, mafatshe a le mmalwa a Bophirima jwa Afrika di abelana Volta Basin. Fa lefatshe le ngwe le ka aga letamo kgotsa la goga metsi a mantsi, mafatshe a dingwe a a nang le metsi a a tshwanang a ka nna amogela metsi a mannye go baka go sa dumalane. Noka ya Nile gape e abelanwa ke mafatshe a a mantsi.<ref name=":11" /> === Ditlamorago tsa boitekanelo === ''Tshedimosetso e e oketsegileng: [[:en:Effects_of_climate_change_on_human_health|Ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya]] [[:en:Effects_of_climate_change_on_human_health|seemo sa bosa mo boitekanelong jwa batho]]'' Mafatshe a Aforika a na le ditsamaiso tsa boitekanelo jwa setšhaba tse di sa direng sentle mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":12">World Health Organization. (2014). ''The health of the people: what works: the African Regional Health Report 2014''. World Health Organization.</ref> Merwalo ya malwetse a a tshelanwang jaaka [[:en:Malaria|malaria]], [[:en:Malaria|schistosomiasis]], [[:en:Dengue_fever|dengue fever]], [[:en:Meningitis|meningitis]], tse di bosisi mo ditlamoragong tsa seemo sa bosa, di kwa godimo thata mo kgaolong ya Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara. Ka sekai, karolo ya masome a borobabongwe mo lekgolong tsa dikgetsi tsa [[:en:Malaria|malaria]] tsa lefatshe lotlhe tsa ngwaga le ngwaga di mo Afrika.<ref name=":12" /> Diphetogo tsa seemo sa bosa di tla ama go anama ga ditshwaetso tsa malwetsi a a tshelanwang mmogo le go fetola tshekamelo ya batho mo ditshwaetsong tseo. Go ya ka Pegelo ya Tshekatsheko ya Borataro ya IPCC, phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e kotsi thata mo boitekanelong jwa didikadike di le masomesome tsa Maaforika, ka gonne e ba tsenya mo megoteng e e sa siamang, maemo a tepo loapi a a feteletseng, le selekanyo se se oketsegileng le seelo sa phetiso ya malwetse a a tshelanwang.<ref>"Chapter 9:Africa". [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_FinalDraft_Chapter09.pdf ''IPCC WGII Sixth Assessment Report'' (PDF)] (Final Draft).</ref> Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa , le go felela ka megote e e oketsegileng, ditsuatsue, komelelo, le go tlhatloga ga bogodimo jwa lewatle, di tla ama go tlhagelela le go anama ga malwetse a a tshelanwang go ralala lefatshe.<ref>Beard, C. B.; Eisen, R. J.; Barker, C. M.; Garofalo, J. F.; Hahn, M.; Hayden, M.; Schramm, P. J. (2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160607130925/https://health2016.globalchange.gov/vectorborne-diseases "Vector-Borne Diseases]". Retrieved 15 February 2017.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 2021, [[:en:World_Food_Programme|Lenaneo la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Dijo]] ([[:en:World_Food_Programme|World Food Programme)]] (WFP) le ne la pega mathata a a tswelelang pele a dijo kwa borwa jwa Madagascar molato wa gore a bakilwe fela ke phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e seng ke ntwa kgotsa dikgotlhang. Go ne ga itsisiwe gore ke tlala ya ntlha e e bakilweng ke phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref>Baker, Aryn (20 July 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210723003745/https://time.com/6081919/famine-climate-change-madagascar/ "Climate, Not Conflict. Madagascar's Famine is the First in Modern History to be Solely Caused by Global Warming"]. ''Time''. Retrieved 24 July 2021.</ref><ref>Rodrigues, Charlene (22 July 2021). [https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/madagascar-famine-climate-crisis-b1888058.html "Madagascar famine becomes first in history to be caused solely by climate crisis"]. ''The Independent''. Retrieved 24 July 2021.</ref><ref>Harding, Andrew (24 August 2021). "[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58303792 Madagascar on the brink of climate change-induced famine]". ''BBC News''. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref> === Malaria === ''Pego ya konokono: [[:en:Climate_change_and_infectious_diseases#Malaria|Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa le malwetse a a tshelanwang § Malaria]]'' Mo Afrika [[:en:Malaria|malaria]] e tswelela pele go nna le ditlamorago tse di gakgamatsang mo bathong. Jaaka fa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e tswelela, mafelo a a rileng a a ka nnang le phetiso ya malaria ngwaga otlhe, e e mo kotsing e kgolo a tla suta go tswa kwa lebopong la Bophirima jwa Aforika go ya kwa lefelong le le fa gare ga lefatshe la [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of Congo]] le [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]], le le bidiwang Dithaba tsa Aforika.<ref name=":13">Ryan, Sadie J.; McNally, Amy; Johnson, Leah R.; Mordecai, Erin A.; Ben-Horin, Tal; Paaijmans, Krijn; Lafferty, Kevin D. (2015). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700390 Mapping Physiological Suitability Limits for Malaria in Africa Under Climate Change]". ''Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases''. '''15''' (12): 718–725. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015VBZD...15..718R 2015VBZD...15..718R.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1089/vbz.2015.1822|10.1089/vbz.2015.1822]]. PMC&#x20;4700390. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26579951 26579951].</ref> Dikgoreletsi tsa saense fa go sekasekwa dikelo tsa phetiso ya malaria tse di fetogang kwa Dithabeng tsa Aforika di tshwana le tse di amanang le go tlhaloganya ka bophara phetogo ya seemo sa bosa le malaria. Le fa go dira sekao ka diphetogo tsa mogote go bontsha gore go na le kamano magareng ga koketsego ya mogote le koketsego ya phetiso ya malaria, ditekanyetso di santse di le teng. Diphetogo tsa isago tsa baagi tse di amang [[:en:Population_density|kitlano ya baagi]], mmogo le diphetogo mo boitshwarong jwa menang, di ka ama dikelo tsa phetiso mme ke dintlha tse di lekanyetsang mo go tlhomamiseng kotsi ya isago ya go runya ga malaria, tse gape di amang thulaganyo ya paakanyetso e e siameng ya tsibogelo ya go runya.<ref name=":13" /> Mabapi le dikelo tsa phetiso ya malaria kwa Dithabeng tsa Aforika, mabaka le go tlhagelela go go bakwang ke diphetogo tse di masisi tsa tikologo jaaka seemo sa bosa tse di bothitho, diphetogo tsa maemo a bosa, le koketsego ya ditlamorago tsa batho jaaka go [[:en:Deforestation|rengwa ga dikgwa]], di tlamela ka maemo a a maleba a phetiso ya malaria magareng ga morwadi le moamogedi.<ref>Himeidan YE, Kweka EJ (2012). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3429085 Malaria in East African highlands during the past 30 years: impact of environmental changes]". ''Frontiers in Physiology''. '''3''': 315. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00315|10.3389/fphys.2012.00315.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3429085 3429085]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22934065 22934065].</ref> Ka tlhamalalo, malaria e bakwa ke dinwanamadi tsa ''Plasmodium falciparum'' le ''Plasmodium vivax'' tse di rwalwang ke monang wa ''Anopheles'' o o rwalang malaria. Le fa dinwa madi ya ''Plasmodium vivax'' e ka kgona go tshela mo megoteng e e kwa tlase, senwa madi sa ''Plasmodium falciparum'' se tla tshela fela le go ipoeletsa mo monang fa megote ya seemo sa bosa e le kwa godimo ga selekanyo sa mogote sa Celcius sa masome a mabdei (20 °C).<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/distribution.html "Where Malaria Occurs]". ''Center for Disease Control and Prevention''. 14 November 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2020.</ref> Koketsego ya bongola le pula le yone e na le seabe mo go ipoeletseng le go tshela ga ditshwaetso bolwetsi tse di tshelanwang .<ref name=":14">[https://scied.ucar.edu/longcontent/climate-change-and-vector-borne-disease "Climate Change and Vector-Borne Disease"]. ''Center for Science Education''. 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2020.</ref> Go tlhagelela mo bolwetsi jwa malaria go tla nna kotsi e kgolo mo bathong fa palo ya menang ya ''Anopheles'' e e namagadi e e tshwaeditsweng ke setshedi se se tshelang ka go gobatsa sa ''Plasmodium falciparum'' kgotsa ''Plasmodium vivax'' e ntse e oketsega.<ref name=":14" /> Dithutopatlisiso di bontsha koketsego ka kakaretso ya go tshwanelega ga tlelaemete ya phetiso ya malaria e e felelang ka koketsego ya baagi ba ba mo kotsing ya go tsenwa ke bolwetse jono.<ref>Caminade C, Kovats S, Rocklov J, Tompkins AM, Morse AP, Colón-González FJ, et&#x20;al. (March 2014). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3948226 Impact of climate change on global malaria distribution"]. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America''. '''111''' (9): 3286–3291. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PNAS..111.3286C 2014PNAS..111.3286C]. doi:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1302089111|10.1073/pnas.1302089111]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3948226 3948226]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24596427 24596427].</ref> Se se botlhokwa thata ke koketsego ya kgonagalo ya leroborobo kwa bogodimong jo bo kwa godimo (jaaka Dithaba tsa Aforika). Megote e e tlhatlogang mo mafelong a di na le bokgoni jwa go fetola mafelo a ka tlwaelo a senang malaria go nna mafelo a a nang le malwetse a leroborobo a dipaka.<ref>Martens WJ, Niessen LW, Rotmans J, Jetten TH, McMichael AJ (May 1995). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1523278 "Potential impact of global climate change on malaria risk]". ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''103''' (5): 458–64. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995EnvHP.103..458M 1995EnvHP.103..458M.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.95103458|10.1289/ehp.95103458.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1523278 1523278]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7656875 7656875].</ref> Ka ntlha ya moo, dipalopalo tse dišwa di tla tlhagelela mo bolwetseng jo bo tla felelang ka dingwaga tse di itekanetseng tse di latlhegileng. Mo godimo ga moo, morwalo wa bolwetse o ka nna kotsi thata mo mafelong a a tlhokang bokgoni le didirisiwa tsa go tsibogela dikgwetlho le dikgatelelo tse di ntseng jalo ka katlego.<ref>Wu X, Lu Y, Zhou S, Chen L, Xu B (January 2016). "[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.007|Impact of climate change on human infectious diseases: Empirical evidence and human adaptation"]]. ''Environment International''. '''86''': 14–23. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EnInt..86...14W 2016EnInt..86...14W]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.007|10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.007]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26479830 26479830].</ref> Jaaka fa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e sutisetsa mafelo a thutafatshe a phetiso go ya kwa Dithabeng tsa Aforika, kgwetlho e tla nna go batla le go laola mogare mo mafelong a a iseng a o bone pele.<ref>Tanser FC, Sharp B, le Sueur D (November 2003). [https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/24378625 "Potential effect of climate change on malaria transmission in Africa]". ''Lancet''. '''362''' (9398): 1792–8. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14898-2|10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14898-2]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14654317 14654317]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22850163 22850163].</ref> === Ditlamorago mo dikgotlhang le khudugo === [[:en:United_Nations_Environment_Programme|Lenaneo la Tikologo la Ditšhabakopano]] le dirile tshekatsheko ya tikologo ya morago ga [[:en:War|ntwa]] ya [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] ka ngwaga wa 2007.<ref>UNEP (June 2007), ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003632/http://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/sudan/00_fwd.pdf Sudan Post-Conflict Environmental Assessment]'' (PDF), Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP, [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-807-2702-9|978-92-807-2702-9]]</bdi>, archived from [http://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/sudan/00_fwd.pdf the original] (PDF) on 4 March 2016, retrieved 18 January 2022</ref> Go ya ka pegelo e, dikgatelelo tsa tikologo kwa Sudan di amana le dikgang tse dingwe tsa loago, tsa itsholelo le tsa sepolotiki, tse di jaaka [[:en:Refugee|go fuduga ga batho]] le go gaisana ka [[:en:Natural_resource|ditsompelo tsa tlholego]]. Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa ya kgaolo, ka go fokotsega ga [[:en:Precipitation_(meteorology)|pula]], go ne go akanngwa gore e nnile nngwe ya dintlha tse di nnileng le seabe mo [[:en:War_in_Darfur|kgotlhang kwa Darfur]]. Ga mmogo le [[:en:Environmental_issues|dikgang dingwe tsa tikologo]], phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e ka ama tlhabololo ya nako e tlang ya Sudan mo go sa nnang sentle. Nngwe ya dikgakololo tse di dirilweng ke UNEP e ne e le gore baagi ba boditšhabatšhaba ba thuse Sudan go [[:en:Climate_change_adaptation|tlwaela]] phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20100602041622/http://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/sudan/03_disasters.pdf Ch 3. Natural Disasters]" (PDF), Natural Disasters and Desertification, archived from [http://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/sudan/03_disasters.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2 June 2010, retrieved 18 January 2022 in [[:en:Climate_change_in_Africa#CITEREFUNEP2007|UNEP 2007]], p. 69</ref> == Ditlamorago go ya ka dikgaolo == === Bogare jwa Aforika === ''Tshedimosetso e e oketsegileng: [[:en:Climate_change_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Phetogo ya seemo sa bosa kwa Lefatshe la puso ya batho ka batho ya Congo (Democratic Republic of Congo)]] le [[:en:Climate_change_in_São_Tomé_and_Príncipe|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_São_Tomé_and_Príncipe|seemo sa bosa kwa São Tomé le Príncipe]]'' Bogare jwa Aforika, bontsi jwa yone, e dikologilwe ke mafatshe a a naleng mawatle mme e tshosediwa ke phetogo ya seemo sa bosa go ya ka thutafatshe. Ka ntlha ya go fetoga ga seemo sa bosa ya lone le temothuo e e nang le pula, Aforika yo mo bogareng o solofetswe go itemogela makhubu a mogote a maleele le a a nnang teng kgapetsakgapetsa mmogo le koketsego ya dipheteletso tsa metsi.<ref>Diedhiou, Arona; Bichet, Adeline; Wartenburger, Richard; Seneviratne, Sonia I; Rowell, David P; Sylla, Mouhamadou B; Diallo, Ismaila; Todzo, Stella; Touré, N'datchoh E; Camara, Moctar; Ngatchah, Benjamin Ngounou; Kane, Ndjido A; Tall, Laure; Affholder, François (June 2018). [[doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aac3e5|"Changes in climate extremes over West and Central Africa at 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming"]]. ''Environmental Research Letters''. '''13''' (6) 065020. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ERL....13f5020D 2018ERL....13f5020D]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aac3e5|10.1088/1748-9326/aac3e5]]. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:20.500.11850/274346|20.500.11850/274346]].</ref> Megote ya lefatshe mo kgaolong e e tshwanetse go oketsega ka selekanyo sa mogote sa Celcius sa lesome ntlha tlhano (1.5 °C) go ya go ko Celcius ya mabedi (2 °C).<ref>Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Donat, Markus G.; Pitman, Andy J.; Knutti, Reto; Wilby, Robert L. (28 January 2016). "[https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/9482219 Allowable CO2 emissions based on regional and impact-related climate targets]". Nature. 529 (7587): 477–483. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/nature16542|10.1038/nature16542]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26789252 26789252]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205247437 205247437].</ref> Bokgoni jwa dikgwa tsa kwa [[:en:Congo_Basin|Congo Basin]] jwa go monya carbon dioxide bo fokotsegile. Phokotsego e e diragetse ka ntlha ya mogote o o oketsegang le komelelo e e bakang phokotsego ya kgolo ya ditlhare. Se se raya gore le dikgwa tse di sa rengwang di amiwa ke phetogo ya seemo sa bosa. Thutopatlisiso ya [[:en:Nature_(journal)|Nature]] e supa gore ka ngwaga wa 2030, sekgwa sa Aforika se tla monya ghese carbon dioxide e e kwa tlase ka karolo ya lesome le bone mo lekgolong (14%) go na le ka fa se neng se dira ka teng go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2005 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2010, mme ga se kitla se monya epe gotlhelele ka ngwaga wa 2035.<ref>Grossman, Daniel (4 March 2020). "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/the-congo-rainforest-is-losing-its-ability-to-absorb-carbon-dioxide-thats-bad-for-climate-change/2020/03/03/3363d218-5ca9-11ea-9055-5fa12981bbbf_story.html The Congo rainforest is losing ability to absorb carbon dioxide. That's bad for climate change]". Washington Post. Retrieved 6 March 2020.</ref> === Botlhaba jwa Aforika === ''Tshedimosetso e nngwe: [[:en:Climate_change_in_Kenya|Phetogo ya]]'' ''[[:en:Climate_change_in_Kenya|seemo sa bosa kwa Kenya]], [[:en:Climate_change_in_Tanzania|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Tanzania|seemo sa bosa kwa Tanzania]], [[:en:Climate_change_in_Ethiopia|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Ethiopia|seemo sa bosa kwa Ethiopia]], le [[:en:Climate_change_in_South_Sudan|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_South_Sudan|seemo sa bosa kwa Sudan Borwa]]'' E le mo e ka nnang gotlhelele mo boboatsatsi, pula mo [[:en:East_Africa|Botlhaba jwa Aforika]] e laolwa ke go fuduga ga dipaka ga setlhopha sa pula ya boboatsatsi.<ref>Nicholson, Sharon E. (2017). "[[doi:10.1002/2016RG000544|Climate and climatic variability of rainfall over eastern Africa".]] ''Reviews of Geophysics''. '''55''' (3): 590–635. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017RvGeo..55..590N 2017RvGeo..55..590N.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/2016RG000544|10.1002/2016RG000544.]]</ref> Botlhaba jwa Aforika bo tlhomololwa ke go fetogafetoga mo go kwa godimo ga pula ya lefelo le nako ka gonne e akaretsa go feta selekanyo sa mogote sa didikirii di le masome a mararo tsa boleele jwa bophara (go kgabaganya mola wa equator). E na le ditlhotlheletso go tswa kwa Mawatleng a India le Atlantic ka bobedi, mme e na le diponagalo tse dikgolo tsa thutafatshe (dithaba) mmogo le metsi a a kwa teng jaaka [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Letsha la Victoria]]. Ka jalo, paka ya pula e farologana go tswa mo pakeng e le nngwe ya pula ka ngwaga ka kgwedi ya Phukwi go ya kwa kgwedi ya Phatwe mo dikarolong tsa bokonebophirima (go akaretsa mafatshe a Ethiopia le Sudan Borwa, tse di golaganeng thata ka bosa le Bophirima jwa Aforika , ka phefo ya dipula ya paka ya Aforika Bophirima e e tlisang dipula) go ya go paka e le nngwe ya pula ka ngwaga ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole go ya kwa kgweding ya Tlhakole) mo borwa (go feta lefatshe la Tanzania) le mafelo a le mantsi a gaufi le mola wa bogare jwa lefatshe e e nang le dipaka tse pedi tsa dipula ka ngwaga,<ref>Dunning, Caroline M.; Black, Emily C. L.; Allan, Richard P. (2016). "[[doi:10.1002/2016JD025428|The onset and cessation of seasonal rainfall over Africa]]". ''Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres''. '''121''' (19): 11, 405–11, 424. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRD..12111405D 2016JGRD..12111405D.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/2016JD025428|10.1002/2016JD025428]].</ref> mo e ka nnang ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo go ya kwa kgweding ya Motsheganong ("Dipula tse ditelele") le kgwedi ya phalane go ya go kwa kgweding ya Sedimonthole ("Dipula tse dikhutshwane"). Go farologana ga selekanyo se se boleta mo dipakeng tsa pula gantsi go golaganngwa le thutafatshe ya lefatshe le makadiba. Pharologano ya magareng ga ngwaga e ka nna kgolo mme ditaolo tse di itsegeng di akaretsa dipharologano tsa [[:en:Sea_surface_temperatures|megote tsa boalogodimo jwa Lewatle]] (SSTs) tsa dibeiseneng tse di farologaneng tsa lewatle, mekgwa e megolo ya go fetoga ga lefaufau jaaka [[:en:Madden–Julian_oscillation|Madden–Julian Osciliation]] (MJO)<ref>Vellinga, Michael; Milton, Sean (2018). "[[doi:10.1002/qj.3263|Drivers of interannual variability of the East African 'Long Rains]]'". ''Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society''. '''144''' (1): 861–876. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018QJRMS.144..861V 2018QJRMS.144..861V.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/qj.3263|10.1002/qj.3263.]]</ref><ref name=":15">Finney, Declan L.; Marsham, John H.; Jackson, Lawrence S.; Kendon, Elizabeth J.; Rowell, David P.; Boorman, Penelope M.; Keane, Richard J.; Stratton, Rachel A.; Senior, Catherine A. (5 February 2019). "[[doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0387.1|Implications of Improved Representation of Convection for the East Africa Water Budget Using a Convection-Permitting Model]]". ''Journal of Climate''. '''32''' (7): 2109–2129. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019JCli...32.2109F 2019JCli...32.2109F.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0387.1|10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0387.1.]]</ref> le ditsuatsue tsa boboatsatsi<ref name=":15" /><ref>Kilavi, Mary; MacLeod, Dave; Ambani, Maurine; Robbins, Joanne; Dankers, Rutger; Graham, Richard; Titley, Helen; Salih, Abubakr A. M.; Todd, Martin C. (December 2018). [[doi:10.3390/atmos9120472|"Extreme Rainfall and Flooding over Central Kenya Including Nairobi City during the Long-Rains Season 2018: Causes, Predictability, and Potential for Early Warning and Actions]]". ''Atmosphere''. '''9''' (12): 472. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Atmos...9..472K 2018Atmos...9..472K]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.3390/atmos9120472|10.3390/atmos9120472.]]</ref> Dipula tse ditelele ke paka e kgolo ya go jala dijalo mo kgaolong. Go bonelapele ga gare ga dingwaga ga paka e go kwa tlase fa go bapisiwa le Dipula tse di Khutshwane, mme go omisa ga sešweng go farologana le diponelopele tsa seemo sa bosa sa isago e e metsi ("Kganetsano ya seemo sa bosa sa Aforika Botlhaba".<ref>Rowell, David P.; Booth, Ben B. B.; Nicholson, Sharon E.; Good, Peter (15 December 2015). "Reconciling Past and Future Rainfall Trends over East Africa". ''Journal of Climate''. '''28''' (24): 9768–9788. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JCli...28.9768R 2015JCli...28.9768R.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0140.1|10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0140.1.]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129146135 129146135].</ref>). Botlhaba jwa Afrika e nnile le komelelo e e nnang teng kgapetsakgapetsa le e e masisi mo masomeng a dingwaga a bosheng jaana, mmogo le merwalela e e senyang. Diphetogo tsa pula go tloga ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980 di bontsha phokotsego ka kakaretso mo dipuleng tsa paka tsa kgwedi ya Mopitlo go ya kwa kgweding ya Motsheganong (MAM) ka koketsego e nnye ka nako ya dipula tsa kgwedi ya Seetebosigo go ya kwa ya Lwetse (JJAS) le kgwedi ya Phalane go ya kwa kgweding ya Sedimonthole (OND),<ref>Bernhofer, Christian; Hülsmann, Stephan; Gebrechorkos, Solomon H. (6 August 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6684806 "Long-term trends in rainfall and temperature using high-resolution climate datasets in East Africa]". ''Scientific Reports''. '''9''' (1) 11376. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019NatSR...911376G 2019NatSR...911376G]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47933-8|10.1038/s41598-019-47933-8.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6684806 6684806]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31388068 31388068].</ref> le fa go lebega go nnile le phokotsego ya bošeng mo dipuleng tsa MAM.<ref name=":27">Wainwright, Caroline M.; Marsham, John H.; Keane, Richard J.; Rowell, David P.; Finney, Declan L.; Black, Emily; Allan, Richard P. (12 September 2019). "'[[doi:10.1038/s41612-019-0091-7|Eastern African Paradox' rainfall decline due to shorter not less intense Long Rains]]". ''npj Climate and Atmospheric Science''. '''2''' (1): 34. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019npCAS...2...34W 2019npCAS...2...34W.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/s41612-019-0091-7|10.1038/s41612-019-0091-7.]]</ref> Mo isagong, pula le megote di solofetswe go fetoga mo Botlhaba jwa Aforika .<ref name=":17">Dunning, Caroline M.; Black, Emily; Allan, Richard P. (December 2018). "Later Wet Seasons with More Intense Rainfall over Africa under Future Climate Change". ''Journal of Climate''. '''31''' (23): 9719–9738. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JCli...31.9719D 2018JCli...31.9719D.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0102.1|10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0102.1]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:52990163 52990163].</ref><ref>Muhati, Godwin Leslie; Olago, Daniel; Olaka, Lydia (1 October 2018). "[[doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00469|Past and projected rainfall and temperature trends in a sub-humid Montane Forest in Northern Kenya based on the CMIP5 model ensemble"]]. ''Global Ecology and Conservation''. '''16''' e00469. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GEcoC..1600469M 2018GEcoC..1600469M.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00469|10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00469.]]</ref><ref name=":18">Rowell, David P.; Senior, Catherine A.; Vellinga, Michael; Graham, Richard J. (1 February 2016). "[[doi:10.1007/s10584-015-1554-4|Can climate projection uncertainty be constrained over Africa using metrics of contemporary performance]]?". ''Climatic Change''. '''134''' (4): 621–633. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ClCh..134..621R 2016ClCh..134..621R.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10584-015-1554-4|10.1007/s10584-015-1554-4.]]</ref> Dithutopatlisiso tsa sešweng ka ga diponelopele tsa seemo sa bosa di supa gore mogote o o magareng e ka oketsega ka bokana ka mogote jwa Celcius tse pedi go ya borarong (2–3 °C) mo bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo le selekanyo sa mogote sa Celcius tse pedi go ya kwa botlhanong (2–5 °C) kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo.<ref name=":19">Bornemann, F. Jorge; Rowell, David P.; Evans, Barbara; Lapworth, Dan J.; Lwiza, Kamazima; Macdonald, David M.J.; Marsham, John H.; Tesfaye, Kindie; Ascott, Matthew J.; Way, Celia (1 October 2019). "[[doi:10.1007/s10584-019-02499-2|Future changes and uncertainty in decision-relevant measures of East African climate]]". ''Climatic Change''. '''156''' (3): 365–384. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ClCh..156..365B 2019ClCh..156..365B.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10584-019-02499-2|10.1007/s10584-019-02499-2.]]</ref> Se se tla ikaega ka [[:en:Climate_change_scenario|ditiragalo tsa kgololo]] mmogo le ka fa seemo sa bosa ya nnete e tsibogang ka teng fa e bapisiwa le mefuta ya dipoelo tse di ka nnang teng tse di bontshiwang ke dikai. Diponelopele tsa sekao tsa seemo sa bosa di na le go bontsha koketsego ya pula, bogolosegolo ka paka ya OND, e gape e akanyediwang go diragala moragonyana. Tiego e mo pakeng e khutshwane ya dipula, e golagantswe le go tsenelela ga Saharan Heat Low ka fa tlase ga phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref name=":17" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, dikai dingwe di bonelapele go fokotsega ga pula,<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":19" /> mme mo dikgaolong dingwe le dipaka dingwe dikoketso tse dikgolo thata tsa pula tse di bonelwang pele di bontshitswe di akaretsa mekgwa e e sa dumelegeng ka ntlha ya diphoso tsa sekao se se rulagantsweng.<ref>Rowell, David P. (2019). [[doi:10.1029/2019GL082847|"An Observational Constraint on CMIP5 Projections of the East African Long Rains and Southern Indian Ocean Warming]]". ''Geophysical Research Letters''. '''46''' (11): 6050–6058. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019GeoRL..46.6050R 2019GeoRL..46.6050R.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1029/2019GL082847|10.1029/2019GL082847.]]</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, diphetogo tsa di-aerosol di tlamela ka phetogo ya pula e e sa tseweng mo ditshekatshekong tse dintsi tsa diponelopele tsa seemo sa bosa.<ref>Scannell, Claire; Booth, Ben B. B.; Dunstone, Nick J.; Rowell, David P.; Bernie, Dan J.; Kasoar, Matthew; Voulgarakis, Apostolos; Wilcox, Laura J.; Acosta Navarro, Juan C.; Seland, Øyvind; Paynter, David J. (13 September 2019). "[[doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0716.1|The Influence of Remote Aerosol Forcing from Industrialized Economies on the Future Evolution of East and West African Rainfall"]]. ''Journal of Climate''. '''32''' (23): 8335–8354. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019JCli...32.8335S 2019JCli...32.8335S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0716.1|10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0716.1.]] [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10044/1/75583|10044/1/75583.]]</ref><ref name=":28">Rowell, David P.; Booth, Ben B. B.; Nicholson, Sharon E.; Good, Peter (7 October 2015). "Reconciling Past and Future Rainfall Trends over East Africa". ''Journal of Climate''. '''28''' (24): 9768–9788. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JCli...28.9768R 2015JCli...28.9768R.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0140.1|10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0140.1.]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129146135 129146135].</ref> Pharologano ya tlwaelo ya go oma ga pula ya MAM (dipula tse ditelele) mo Aforika Botlhaba jwa mola wa bogare, ka bontsi jwa dikai tse di bonelapele go koloba mo isagong e tshwailwe "kganetsano ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa ya Botlhaba jwa Aforika"<ref name=":28" />, le fa go nnile le go boela mannong ga bošeng mo puleng.<ref name=":27" /> Dithutopatlisiso di bontshitse gore tlwaelo ya go omisa ga e kgonagale go nna ya tlhago fela, fela e ka kgweediwa ke mabaka a a jaaka di-aerosol go na le digase tsa tshwarang mogote molefaufaung,<ref name=":28" /> go tlhokega dipatlisiso tse dingwe. Go oma go bontshitswe go bakilwe ke paka e khutshwane ya dipula, mme go golaganngwa le go tsenelela ga Mogote wa Arabian Heat Low.<ref name=":27" /> Go tsamaelana le go sa tlhomamisegeng ga diponelopele tsa pula, diphetogo mo tshimologong ya [[:en:Rainy_seasons|dipaka tsa pula]] ga di tlhomamisege mo Botlhaba jwa Aforika jwa mola wa bogare wa lefatshe, le fa dikai tse dintsi di bonelapele dipula tse dikhutshwane tsa moragonyana le tse di metsi.<ref name=":17" /> [[:en:Indian_Ocean_Dipole|Dipole ya Lewatle la India]] (IOD) e itsege ka go tlamela ka taolo e e maatla mo go fetogeng ga magareng ga dingwaga mo dipuleng tse dikhutshwane,<ref>Black, Emily; Slingo, Julia; Sperber, Kenneth R. (1 January 2003). [https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0493%282003%29131%3C0074%3AAOSOTR%3E2.0.CO%3B2 "An Observational Study of the Relationship between Excessively Strong Short Rains in Coastal East Africa and Indian Ocean SST]". ''Monthly Weather Review''. '''131''' (1): 74–94. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003MWRv..131...74B 2003MWRv..131...74B.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0493%282003%29131%3C0074%3AAOSOTR%3E2.0.CO%3B2 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131&#x3C;0074:AOSOTR&#x3E;2.0.CO&#x3B;2.]</ref> mme dithutopatlisiso di bontsha gore di-IOD tse di feteletseng di ka oketsega ka fa tlase ga phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref>Cai, Wenju; Wang, Guojian; Gan, Bolan; Wu, Lixin; Santoso, Agus; Lin, Xiaopei; Chen, Zhaohui; Jia, Fan; Yamagata, Toshio (12 April 2018). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5897553 Stabilised frequency of extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole under 1.5 °C warming]". ''Nature Communications''. '''9''' (1) 1419. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCo...9.1419C 2018NatCo...9.1419C.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03789-6|10.1038/s41467-018-03789-6]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5897553 5897553]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29650992 29650992].</ref> Lefatshe ka bophara, phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e solofetswe go lebisa kwa go gateleleng ga pula, ka pula e e feteletseng e oketsega ka seelo se se bonako fa go thuthafala go feta pula yotlhe<ref>IPCC (2018). [https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/ "Global Warming of 1.5°C: an IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty"]. ''IPCC''. Retrieved 16 February 2020.</ref> Tiro ya sešweng e bontsha gore go ralala Aforika dikai tsa lefatshe di solofetswe go nyatsa seelo sa phetogo ya go oketsega ga pula e,<ref name=":1" /> mme diphetogo mo go feteletseng ga pula di ka nna tsa anama thata go feta tse di bonelwang pele ke dikai tsa lefatshe.<ref>Finney, Declan L.; Marsham, John H.; Rowell, David P.; Kendon, Elizabeth J.; Tucker, Simon O.; Stratton, Rachel A.; Jackson, Lawrence S. (22 January 2020). "[[doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0328.1|Effects of explicit convection on future projections of mesoscale circulations, rainfall and rainfall extremes over Eastern Africa"]]. ''Journal of Climate''. '''33''' (7): 2701–2718. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020JCli...33.2701F 2020JCli...33.2701F]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0328.1|10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0328.1.]]</ref> Dikarolo tse di kwa borwa jwa Aforika Botlhaba di amogela bontsi jwa pula ya tsone mo pakeng e le nngwe ya pula ka nako ya mariga a hemisefere e e kwa borwa: mo godimo ga Tanzania pula ya paka e solofetswe go oketsega ka fa tlase ga phetogo ya seemo sa bosa ya isago, le fa go na le go sa tlhomamang.<ref name=":17" /> Go ya kwa borwa, mo godimo ga Mozambique, paka e khutshwane ka ntlha ya go simolola moragonyana e akanyediwa ka fa tlase ga phetogo ya seemo sa bosa ya isago, gape ka go sa tlhomamang go go rileng.<ref>Wang, Bin; Liu, De Li; Waters, Cathy; Yu, Qiang (2 October 2018). "Quantifying sources of uncertainty in projected wheat yield changes under climate change in eastern Australia". ''Climatic Change''. '''151''' (2): 259–273. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ClCh..151..259W 2018ClCh..151..259W.] doi:[[doi:10.1007/s10584-018-2306-z|10.1007/s10584-018-2306-z]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158743534 158743534].</ref> Jaaka sekai, [[:en:Kenya|Kenya]] e na le bothata jo bo kwa godimo jwa ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa. [[:en:Climate_hazards|Dikotsi tse dikgolo tsa seemo sa bosa]] di akaretsa [[:en:Drought|komelelo]] le [[:en:Flood|merwalela]] ka gonne go ka direga gore pula e nne e e tseneletseng e bile e se ka ya bonelwa kwa pele. [[:en:Climate_model|Dikai tsa seemo sa bosa]] di bonela pele gore megote e tla tlhatloga ka lefala ntlha tlhano go ya koselekanyong sa mogote sa Celcius tse pedi.<ref>World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20231001012517/https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/kenya/vulnerability Kenya (Vulnerability)"]. Retrieved 28 January 2021.</ref> Mo mafelong a a sa tlhomamang a toropong ya [[:en:Nairobi|Nairobi]] phelelo ya [[:en:Urban_heat_island|setlhaketlhake sa mogote wa toropo]] e oketsa bothata ka gonne e dira megote e e bothitho le go feta tsa tikologo. Se ke ka ntlha ya didirisiwa tsa go aga mo matlong, go tlhoka go tsenya mowa, lefelo le letala le le sesane, le go sa kgone go bona maatla a motlakase le ditirelo tse dingwe.<ref>Hirch, Aurther (November 2017). [https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/11/06/deadly-climate-change-disproportionately-affects-africa/ "Effects of climate change likely to be more deadly in poor African settlements]".</ref> === Bokone jwa Aforika === ''Karolo e ke nopolo go tswa mo [[:en:Climate_change_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa|Phetogong ya]]'' ''[[:en:Climate_change_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa|Seemo sa Bosa kwa Botlhabagare le Aforika Bokone.]]''[[Setshwantsho:Middle East map of Köppen climate classification.svg|thumb]] [[Setshwantsho:Koppen-Geiger Map Northern Africa future.svg|thumb|Ditshwantso tsa mafatshe tsa tlhaolo ya seemo sa bosa tsa Botlhabagare ga jaana (kwa godimo) le tse di bonelwang pele tsa Aforika Bokone tsa ngwaga wa di 2071 go ya kwa ngwageng 2100 ka fa tlase ga boemo jo bo tseneletseng thata jwa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa(kwa tlase). Ditiragalo tsa magareng ga jaana di tsewa di ka nna teng thata.<ref>Hausfather, Zeke; Peters, Glen (29 January 2020). "[[doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3|Emissions – the 'business as usual' story is misleading"]]. ''Nature''. '''577''' (7792): 618–20. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020Natur.577..618H 2020Natur.577..618H.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3|10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31996825 31996825].</ref><ref>Schuur, Edward A.G.; Abbott, Benjamin W.; Commane, Roisin; Ernakovich, Jessica; Euskirchen, Eugenie; Hugelius, Gustaf; Grosse, Guido; Jones, Miriam; Koven, Charlie; Leshyk, Victor; Lawrence, David; Loranty, Michael M.; Mauritz, Marguerite; Olefeldt, David; Natali, Susan; Rodenhizer, Heidi; Salmon, Verity; Schädel, Christina; Strauss, Jens; Treat, Claire; Turetsky, Merritt (2022). "[[doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847|Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic]]". ''Annual Review of Environment and Resources''. '''47''': 343–371. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847|10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847.]] <q>Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3°C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement...</q></ref><ref>Phiddian, Ellen (5 April 2022). "[https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ Explainer: IPCC Scenarios]". ''[[:en:Cosmos_(magazine)|Cosmos]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230920224129/https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ Archived] from the original on 20 September 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023. <q>"The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. [[:en:The_Australian_Academy_of_Science|The Australian Academy of Science]], for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3°C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. [[:en:Climate_Action_Tracker|Climate Action Tracker]] predicts 2.5 to 2.9°C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1°C.</q></ref>]] Ka ngwaga wa 2018, kgaolo ya [[:en:MENA|MENA]] e ne ya ntsha bokete jwa ditone di le didikadike di le tharo ntlha pedi tsa ghese ya carbon dioxide mme ya ntsha karolo ya borobabobedi ntlha supa mo lekgolong ya [[:en:Greenhouse_gas_emissions|mesi ya digase tse di tshawarang mogote mo loaping tsa lefatshe]] (GHG)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201011125320/http://www.globalcarbonatlas.org/en/CO2-emissions "CO2 Emissions]". ''Global Carbon Atlas''. Archived from [https://www.globalcarbonatlas.org/en/CO2-emissions the original] on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.</ref> le fa e ne e dira fela karolo ya borataro mo lekgolong ya baagi ba lefatshe.<ref>[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=ZQ-1W "Population, total – Middle East & North Africa, World"]. ''World Bank Open Data''. Retrieved 11 April 2020.</ref> Mesi e e tswa thata mo lekalaneng la maatla,<ref>Abbass, Rana Alaa; Kumar, Prashant; El-Gendy, Ahmed (February 2018). "[http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/845102/1/An%20Overview%20of%20Monitoring%20and%20Reduction%20Strategies%20for%20Health%20and%20Climate%201%20Change%20Related%20Emissions%20in%20the%20Middle%20East%20and%20North%20Africa%20Region.pdf An overview of monitoring and reduction strategies for health and climate change related emissions in the Middle East and North Africa region"] (PDF). ''Atmospheric Environment''. '''175''': 33–43. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AtmEn.175...33A 2018AtmEn.175...33A.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.061|10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.061.]] [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1352-2310 1352-2310]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210614234546/http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/845102/1/An%20Overview%20of%20Monitoring%20and%20Reduction%20Strategies%20for%20Health%20and%20Climate%201%20Change%20Related%20Emissions%20in%20the%20Middle%20East%20and%20North%20Africa%20Region.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 14 June 2021 &#x2013; via Surrey Research Insight Open Access.</ref> e leng karolo e e botlhokwa ya itsholelo e e ntsi ya [[:en:Middle_Eastern|Botlhabagare]] le ya [[:en:North_Africa|Bokone jwa Aforika]] ka ntlha ya dipolokelo tse dintsi tsa [[:en:Petroleum|mahura]] le [[:en:Natural_gas|ghese ya tlholego]] tse di fitlhelwang mo kgaolong eo.<ref>Al-mulali, Usama (1 October 2011). [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544211005226 "Oil consumption, CO2 emission and economic growth in MENA countries]". ''Energy''. '''36''' (10): 6165–6171. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.energy.2011.07.048|10.1016/j.energy.2011.07.048.]] [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0360-5442 0360-5442.]</ref><ref>Tagliapietra, Simone (1 November 2019). "[[doi:10.1016/j.esr.2019.100397|The impact of the global energy transition on MENA oil and gas producers]]". ''Energy Strategy Reviews''. '''26''' 100397. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.esr.2019.100397|10.1016/j.esr.2019.100397]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2211-467X 2211-467X.]</ref>Kgaolo ya Botlhabagare ke nngwe ya tse di [[:en:Climate_change_vulnerability|ka amiwang thata ke phetogo ya seemo sa bosa]]. Ditlamorago di akaretsa koketsego ya maemo a [[:en:Drought|leuba]], komelelo, [[:en:Heat_wave|makhubu a mogote]] le go [[:en:Sea_level_rise|tlhatloga ga bogodimo jwa lewatle]]. Diphetogo tse di bogale tsa mogote ya lefatshe le bogodimo jwa lewatle, go fetoga ga mekgwa tsa pula le go oketsega ga makgetlo a ditiragalo tsa maemo a [[:en:Extreme_weather|tepo loapi]] a a feteletseng ke dingwe tsa ditlamorago tse dikgolo tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa jaaka di supilwe ke [[:en:Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change|Phanele ya Dipuso ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Bosa]] (IPCC).<ref name=":29">IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp.</ref> Kgaolo ya MENA e mo kotsing thata ya ditlamorago tse di jalo ka ntlha ya tikologo ya yona e e omeletseng le e e omeletseng go sekae, e lebane le dikgwetlho tsa seemo sa bosa tse di jaaka pula e e kwa tlase, megote e e kwa godimo le mmu o o omileng.<ref name=":29" /><ref>El-Fadel, M.; Bou-Zeid, E. (2003). "Climate change and water resources in the Middle East: vulnerability, socio-economic impacts and adaptation". ''Climate Change in the Mediterranean''. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4337/9781781950258.00015|10.4337/9781781950258.00015.]] [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10535/6396|10535/6396]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781781950258|9781781950258]]</bdi>.</ref> Maemo a seemo sa bosa a a rotloetsang dikgwetlho tse di jalo mo MENA a akanyediwa ke IPCC go nna maswe le go feta mo ngwagakgolong otlhe wa masome a mabedi le bongwe.<ref name=":29" /> Fa [[:en:Greenhouse_gas_emissions|mesi ya digase tse di kapang mogote mo loaping]] e sa fokodiwe thata, karolo ya kgaolo ya MENA e mo kotsing ya go sa kgone go agiwa pele ga ngwaga wa 2100.<ref>Broom, Douglas (5 April 2019). "[https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/04/middle-east-front-lines-climate-change-mena/ How the Middle East is suffering on the front lines of climate change]". ''World Economic Forum''. Retrieved 4 February 2020.</ref><ref>Gornall, Jonathan (24 April 2019). [https://www.euractiv.com/section/climate-environment/opinion/with-climate-change-life-in-the-gulf-could-become-impossible/ "With climate change, life in the Gulf could become impossible"]. Euroactive. Retrieved 4 February 2020.</ref><ref>Pal, Jeremy S.; Eltahir, Elfatih A. B. (26 October 2015). "Future temperature in southwest Asia projected to exceed a threshold for human adaptability". ''Nature Climate Change''. '''6''' (2): 197–200. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/nclimate2833|10.1038/nclimate2833.]] [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1758-678X 1758-678X.]</ref> ''Tshedimosetso e e'' ''oketsegileng: [[:en:Climate_change_in_Algeria|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Algeria|seemo sa bosa kwa Algeria]] le [[:en:Climate_change_in_Morocco|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Morocco|seemo sa bosa kwa Morocco]]'' === Aforika Bophirima le Sahel === ''Tshedimosetso e e oketsegileng: [[:en:Climate_change_in_Ghana|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Ghana|seemo sa bosa kwa Ghana]], [[:en:Climate_change_in_Nigeria|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Nigeria|seemo sa bosa kwa Nigeria]], [[:en:Climate_change_in_Senegal|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Senegal|seemo sa bosa kwa Senegal]], [[:en:Climate_change_in_the_Gambia|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_the_Gambia|seemo sa bosa kwa Gambia]], le [[:en:Climate_change_in_Mali|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Mali|seemo sa bosa kwa Mali]]'' Kgaolo ya Bophirima jwa Aforika e ka kgaoganngwa ka dikgaolopotlana di le nne tsa seemo sa bosa e leng Lebopo la Guinea, Soudano-Sahel, Sahel (e e atologelang kwa botlhaba go ya kwa molelwaneng wa Ethiopia) le Sahara,<ref>Agyeman, Richard Yao Kuma; Quansah, Emmannuel; Lamptey, Benjamin; Annor, Thompson; Agyekum, Jacob (2018). [[doi:10.1155/2018/4853681|"Evaluation of CMIP5 Global Climate Models over the Volta Basin: Precipitation]]". ''Advances in Meteorology''. '''2018''' (1): 1–24. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AdMet201853681A 2018AdMet201853681A.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1155/2018/4853681|10.1155/2018/4853681]].</ref> nngwe le nngwe e na le maemo a a farologaneng a seemo sa bosa. Modikologo wa pula ya paka o kgweediwa thata ke motsamao wa borwa–bokone wa [[:en:Intertropical_Convergence_Zone|Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone]] (ITCZ) e e tlhaolwang ke go kopana ga diphefo tse di metsi tsa borwabophirima jwa monsoon le Harmattan e e omileng ya bokonebotlhaba.<ref>Sultan, Benjamin; Janicot, Serge (1 November 2003). "[https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0442%282003%29016%3C3407%3ATWAMDP%3E2.0.CO%3B2 The West African Monsoon Dynamics. Part II: The 'Preonset' and 'Onset' of the Summer Monsoon"]. ''Journal of Climate''. '''16''' (21): 3407–3427. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003JCli...16.3407S 2003JCli...16.3407S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0442%282003%29016%3C3407%3ATWAMDP%3E2.0.CO%3B2 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016&#x3C;3407:TWAMDP&#x3E;2.0.CO&#x3B;2].</ref> Go ikaegilwe ka pharologano ya pula ya magareng ga dingwaga, dipaka tse tharo tse dikgolo tsa seemo sa bosa di lemogilwe mo godimo ga Sahel: paka e e metsi go tloga ka dingwaga tsa 1950 go ya kwa tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1960 e latelwa ke paka e e omileng go tloga ka dingwaga tsa 1972 go ya ko dingwageng tsa 1990 mme morago ga moo paka go tloga ka dingwaga tsa 1991 go ya pele e e boneng pula e ntsi gape ka selekanyo sengwe.<ref>Le Barbé, Luc; Lebel, Thierry; Tapsoba, Dominique (1 January 2002). "[https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0442%282002%29015%3C0187%3ARVIWAD%3E2.0.CO%3B2 Rainfall Variability in West Africa during the Years 1950–90]". ''Journal of Climate''. '''15''' (2): 187–202. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002JCli...15..187L 2002JCli...15..187L.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0442%282002%29015%3C0187%3ARVIWAD%3E2.0.CO%3B2 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015&#x3C;0187:RVIWAD&#x3E;2.0.CO&#x3B;2].</ref><ref>Rowell, David P. (2003). "[https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0442%282003%29016%3C0849%3Atiomso%3E2.0.co%3B2 The Impact of Mediterranean SSTS on the Sahelian Rainfall Season]". ''Journal of Climate''. '''16''' (5): 849–862. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003JCli...16..849R 2003JCli...16..849R.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0442%282003%29016%3C0849%3Atiomso%3E2.0.co%3B2 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016&#x3C;0849:tiomso&#x3E;2.0.co&#x3B;2].</ref><ref>Nicholson, Sharon E.; Fink, Andreas H.; Funk, Chris (2018). [[doi:10.1002/joc.5530|"Assessing recovery and change in West Africa's rainfall regime from a 161-year record]]". ''International Journal of Climatology''. '''38''' (10): 3770–3786. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018IJCli..38.3770N 2018IJCli..38.3770N.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/joc.5530|10.1002/joc.5530.]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:134207640 134207640].</ref> Ka nako ya komelelo, Sahel e ne ya itemogela ditiragalo di le mmalwa tsa komelelo tse di masisi thata, ka ditlamorago tse di senyang.<ref name=":30">Funk, Chris; Fink, Andreas H.; Nicholson, Sharon E. (1 August 2018). [[doi:10.1002/joc.5530|"Assessing recovery and change in West Africa's rainfall regime from a 161-year record"]]. ''International Journal of Climatology''. '''38''' (10): 3770–3786. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018IJCli..38.3770N 2018IJCli..38.3770N.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/joc.5530|10.1002/joc.5530.]]</ref><ref>Nicholson, Sharon E. (2013). "[[doi:10.1155/2013/453521|The West African Sahel: A Review of Recent Studies on the Rainfall Regime and Its Interannual Variability]]". ''ISRN Meteorology''. '''2013''': 1–32. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1155/2013/453521|10.1155/2013/453521]].</ref> Dingwagasome tsa sešweng, le tsone di bone koketsego e e magareng ya pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga fa e sale ka tshimologo ya dingwaga tsa bo 1990. Le fa go ntse jalo, palogotlhe ya pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga e santse e le kwa tlase thata ga e e lemogilweng ka dingwaga tsa bo 1950.<ref>Panthou, G; Lebel, T; Vischel, T; Quantin, G; Sane, Y; Ba, A; Ndiaye, O; Diongue-Niang, A; Diopkane, M (June 2018). [[doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aac334|"Rainfall intensification in tropical semi-arid regions: the Sahelian case]]". ''Environmental Research Letters''. '''13''' (6) 064013. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ERL....13f4013P 2018ERL....13f4013P.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aac334|10.1088/1748-9326/aac334.]]</ref><ref name=":30" /> Bangwe ba supile dingwagasome tse pedi tsa bosheng jaaka paka ya go boela mannong.<ref>Sanogo, Souleymane; Fink, Andreas H.; Omotosho, Jerome A.; Ba, Abdramane; Redl, Robert; Ermert, Volker (2015). "Spatio-temporal characteristics of the recent rainfall recovery in West Africa". ''International Journal of Climatology''. '''35''' (15): 4589–4605. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IJCli..35.4589S 2015IJCli..35.4589S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/joc.4309|10.1002/joc.4309]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129607595 129607595].</ref> Ba bangwe ba bitsa se jaaka paka ya "go gagamatsa ga metsi" ka bontsi jwa koketsego ya pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga e e tswang mo ditiragalong tse di masisi thata tsa pula mme ka dinako tse dingwe morwalela go na le pula e e nang kgapetsakgapetsa, kgotsa ka tsela e e tshwanang ditiro tse dingwe <ref>L'Hote, Yann; Mahe, Gil; Some, Bonaventure (June 2003). [[doi:10.1623/hysj.48.3.493.45283|"The 1990s rainfall in the Sahel: the third driest decade since the beginning of the century"]]. ''Hydrological Sciences Journal''. '''48''' (3): 493–496. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003HydSJ..48..493L 2003HydSJ..48..493L.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1623/hysj.48.3.493.45283|10.1623/hysj.48.3.493.45283.]]</ref><ref>Nicholson, S. E.; Some, B.; Kone, B. (1 July 2000). [https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0442%282000%29013%3C2628%3AAAORRC%3E2.0.CO%3B2 "An Analysis of Recent Rainfall Conditions in West Africa, Including the Rainy Seasons of the 1997 El Niño and the 1998 La Niña Years]". ''Journal of Climate''. '''13''' (14): 2628–2640. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JCli...13.2628N 2000JCli...13.2628N.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0442%282000%29013%3C2628%3AAAORRC%3E2.0.CO%3B2 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013&#x3C;2628:AAORRC&#x3E;2.0.CO&#x3B;2.]</ref> di thalela tsweletso ya komelelo le fa pula e oketsegile. Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 1985, karolo ya masome a mane mo lekgolong tsa baagi di amilwe ke merwalela e le metlhano kgotsa go feta mo dinageng di le lesome le bosupa tsa kgaolo ya Sahel.<ref>Livelihood Security Climate Change, Migration and Conflict in the Sahel {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228014910/http://www.unep.org/pdf/UNEP_Sahel_EN.pdf|date=28 February 2017}} 2011</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2012, go ne ga begwa gore go ne go na le [[:en:2012_Sahel_drought|komelelo e e masisi]] kwa Sahel. Dipuso tsa kgaolo di ne tsa tsiboga ka bonako, tsa simolola maano a go samagana le kgang eno.<ref>Fominyen, George. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20120603231542/http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/coming-weeks-critical-to-tackle-sahel-hunger-un-humanitarian-chief/ Coming weeks critical to tackle Sahel hunger – U.N. humanitarian chief]". Thomson Reuters Foundation. Archived from [http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/coming-weeks-critical-to-tackle-sahel-hunger-un-humanitarian-chief the original] on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2012.</ref> Kgaolo e solofetswe go itemogela diphetogo mo pusong ya pula, ka dikai tsa seemo sa bosa tse di akantshang gore phokotsego ya pula ya paka e e metsi e ka nna teng thata kwa bophirima jwa Sahel, le koketsego e ka nna teng kwa bogareng go ya kwa botlhaba jwa Sahel, le fa diphetogo tse di fapaaneng di ise di kgaphelwe kwa thoko.<ref>Rowell, David P.; Senior, Catherine A.; Vellinga, Michael; Graham, Richard J. (2016). "[[doi:10.1007/s10584-015-1554-4|Can climate projection uncertainty be constrained over Africa using metrics of contemporary performance?]]". ''Climatic Change''. '''134''' (4): 621–633. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ClCh..134..621R 2016ClCh..134..621R.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10584-015-1554-4|10.1007/s10584-015-1554-4.]]</ref><ref name=":31">Berthou, Ségolène; Rowell, David P.; Kendon, Elizabeth J.; Roberts, Malcolm J.; Stratton, Rachel A.; Crook, Julia A.; Wilcox, Catherine (August 2019). [[doi:10.1007/s00382-019-04759-4|"Improved climatological precipitation characteristics over West Africa at convection-permitting scales]]". ''Climate Dynamics''. '''53''' (3–4): 1991–2011. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ClDy...53.1991B 2019ClDy...53.1991B.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s00382-019-04759-4|10.1007/s00382-019-04759-4]].</ref><ref name=":1" /> Diphetogo tse di tla ama makgetlo le bokete jwa merwalela, komelelo, [[:en:Desertification|go nna sekaka]], ditsuatsue tsa motlhaba le lerole, dipetso tsa tsie ya sekaka le tlhaelo ya metsi.<ref>[http://abclive.in/ipcc-climate-change-impacts-africa/ "IPCC Sees Severe Climate Change Impacts on Africa]". ABC Live. ABC Live. Retrieved 7 September 2016.</ref><ref>[[:en:Coleen_Vogel|Vogel, Coleen]]. [https://theconversation.com/why-africa-is-particularly-vulnerable-to-climate-change-41775 "Why Africa is particularly vulnerable to climate change"]. ''The Conversation''. Retrieved 7 August 2017.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, go sa kgathalesege diphetogo tsa pula e e magareng ya paka, ditsuatsue tse di maatla thata di solofetswe go nna tse di maatla thata, go oketsa makgetlo a morwalela.<ref name=":31" /><ref name=":1" />Mesi e e tokafaditsweng ya khabone le thuthafalo ya lefatshe le yona e ka baka koketsego ya dinako tsa komelelo bogolosegolo go kgabaganya Lebopo la Guinea e e amanang le phokotsego ya dinako tsa metsi ka fa tlase ga maemo a thuthafalo ya lefatshe ya selekanyo sa mogote wa Celcius ya bongwe ntlha tlhano le ya bobedi <ref>Klutse, Nana Ama Browne; Ajayi, Vincent O; Gbobaniyi, Emiola Olabode; Egbebiyi, Temitope S; Kouadio, Kouakou; Nkrumah, Francis; Quagraine, Kwesi Akumenyi; Olusegun, Christiana; Diasso, Ulrich; Abiodun, Babatunde J; Lawal, Kamoru; Nikulin, Grigory; Lennard, Christopher; Dosio, Alessandro (1 May 2018). "[[doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aab37b|Potential impact of 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming on consecutive dry and wet days over West Africa]]". ''Environmental Research Letters''. '''13''' (5) 055013. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ERL....13e5013A 2018ERL....13e5013A]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aab37b|10.1088/1748-9326/aab37b.]]</ref> Karolo ya lesome le botlhano mo lekgolong tsa baagi ba kgaolo ya [[:en:Sahel|Sahel]] le tsone di itemogetse koketsego ya mogote o o fetang selekanyo sa Celcius ye nngwe (1 °C) go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1970 go fitlha ka ngwaga ga 2010. Kgaolo ya Sahel, bogolosegolo, e tla itemogela megote e e kwa godimo tsa palogare mo tsamaong ya ngwagakgolo wa msaome a mabedi le bongwe le diphetogo mo mekgweng ya pula, go ya ka [[:en:Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change|Phanele ya Intergovernmental Climate]] [[:en:Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change|Change]] (IPCC). === Borwa jwa Aforika === ''Tshedimosetso e nngwe: [[:en:Climate_change_in_South_Africa|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_South_Africa|seemo sa bosa mo Aforika Borwa]], [[:en:Climate_change_in_Mozambique|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Mozambique|seemo sa bosa kwa Mozambique]], le [[:en:Climate_change_in_Madagascar|Phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_in_Madagascar|seemo sa bosa kwa Madagascar]]'' == Go tlwaela == ''Tshedimosetso e nngwe: [[:en:Climate_change_adaptation|go tlwaela phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_adaptation|seemo sa bosa]]'' Go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa mo mafatsheng a Aforika, dikgato tsa go tlwaela di a tlhokega mo dilekanong tse dintsi – go simolola ka maemo a selegae go ya go a bosetšhaba le a kgaolo.<ref>Climate Analytics. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20221117055339/https://climateanalytics.org/media/schaeffer_et_al__2013__africao__s_a_daptation_gap_technical_report.pdf Africa's Adaptation Gap, Technical Report: Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation Challenges, and Costs for Africa"] (PDF). ''Climate Analytics''. Archived from [https://climateanalytics.org/media/schaeffer_et_al__2013__africao__s_a_daptation_gap_technical_report.pdf the original] (PDF) on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2021.</ref> Kokomane ya ntlha ya mananeo a go tlwaela mo Aforika e ka tlhalosiwa thata jaaka tse dinnye ka tlhago, tse di tsepamisitsweng mo dipeeletsong tse di ikaeletsweng mo temothuong le go anamisa maranyane go tshegetsa go tsaya ditshwetso tsa go tlwaela.<ref>Troni, Jessica (2018). ''Climate change adaptation in Africa: UNDP synthesis of experiences and recommendations''. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1079881730 1079881730].</ref> Bosheng jaana, maiteko a go dira mananeo a lebisitswe gape kwa maitekong a magolo le a a gokagantsweng, go lebagana le dintlha tse di akaretsang makalana a mantsi. Go ya ka patlisiso ya ngwaga wa 2023, karolo ya masome a matlhano le borobabongwe mo lekgolong ya dibanka tsa Aforika e na le melawana ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa e e tlhomilweng, mme karolo ya masome a mabedi le bobedi mo lekgolong e nngwe e rulaganya go tsenya tirisong melawana. Karolo ya masome a marataro le botlhano mo lekgolong ya dibanka ga jaana di akanyetsa kotsi ya seemo sa bosa fa di sekaseka bareki ba bašwa kgotsa mananeo, mme karolo ya masome a mabedi le boraro mo lekgolong e nngwe e solofetse go dira jalo mo isagong.<ref name=":20">Bank, European Investment (27 September 2023). [https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20230088-finance-in-africa ''Finance in Africa: Uncertain times, resilient banks: African finance at a crossroads''.] European Investment Bank. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-861-5598-7|978-92-861-5598-7]]</bdi>.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Green finance opportunities and products (% of surveyed African banks).png|thumb|Ditšhono tsa [[:en:Eco-investing|matlole a a matala]] le dithoto go tswa kwa dibankeng tse di dirilweng patlisiso mo patlisisong ya [[:en:European_Investment_Bank|Banka ya Dipeeletso ya karolokgolo ya lefatshe e enaleng mafatshe a mantsi ya Europe ya Banka mo Aforika]]<ref name=":21">"[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Green_finance_opportunities_and_products_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png/960px-Green_finance_opportunities_and_products_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png Finance in Africa report finds that banks want to move faster into green lending]". ''European Investment Bank''. Retrieved 10 December 2021.</ref><ref name=":22">Bank, European Investment (18 November 2021). ''[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Green_finance_opportunities_and_products_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png/960px-Green_finance_opportunities_and_products_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png Finance in Africa: for green, smart and inclusive private sector development]''. European Investment Bank. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-861-5063-0|<bdi>978-92-861-5063-0</bdi>.]]</ref>]] Maranyane a a tokafaditsweng a [[:en:Weather_forecasting|ponelopele ya maemo a]] [[:en:Weather_forecasting|tepo loapi]] mo Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara e botlhokwa go itsise tsibogelo ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa,<ref name=":23">Youds, L.; Parker, D. J.; Adefisan, E. A.; Antwi-Agyei, P.; Bain, C. L.; Black, E. C. L.; Blyth, A. M.; Dougill, A. J.; Hirons, L. C. (13 May 2021). "[http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/174093/ GCRF African SWIFT White Paper Policy Brief: The future of African weather forecasting]". ''eprints.whiterose.ac.uk''. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5518/100/67|10.5518/100/67]]. Retrieved 13 May 2021.</ref> go thusa go tsaya ditshwetso tse di amanang le go tlwaela phetogo ya seemo sa loapi ka sekai.<ref name=":23" /> Ka nako ya [[:en:Conference_of_the_parties|bokopano jwa masome a mabedi le bongwe ya Makoko]] (COP) ka ngwaga wa 2015, ditlhogo tsa mafatshe tsa Aforika di thakgotse [[:en:African_Adaptation_Initiative_(AAI)|Letsholo la Tlwaelo ya Aforika (AAI)]]. Komiti e e tsamaisang ya AAI e bopilwe ke Biro ya Bokopano jwa Ditona tsa Aforika ka ga Tikologo (AMCEN) le modulasetulo wa Setlhopha sa Babuisani ba Aforika (AGN).<ref>"[https://africaadaptationinitiative.org/ AAI]". Retrieved 4 August 2024.</ref> [[:en:African_Adaptation_Solutions_Challenge|Letsholo la go Tlwaela Aforika]] le lone le tshegediwa ke [[:en:European_Union|Kopano ya]] [[:en:European_Union|Europa]].<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20210510103326/https://www.africa.undp.org/content/rba/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2020/european-union-ramps-up-support-to-africa-adaptation-initiative-.html European Union ramps up support to Africa Adaptation Initiative]". ''United Nations Development Programme''. 22 January 2020.</ref> Kopano ya Europe e [[:en:African_Union#Africa%E2%80%93EU_relations|dirisane mmogo le Kopano ya Aforika]] mo go rotloetseng taolo ya metswedi e e tswelelang, go [[:en:Climate_change_adaptation|itsetsepela mo tikologong]], le go [[:en:Climate_change_mitigation|fokotsa phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_mitigation|seemo sa bosa]]<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance]". Archived from [https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance the original] on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2023.</ref> Mo maemong a kgaolo, melawana le dikgato tse di tshegetsang tlwaelo go ralala Aforika di santse di le mo tshimologong. [[:en:IPCC_Fifth_Assessment_Report|Pegelo ya Botlhano ya Tlhatlhobo ya IPCC]] (AR5) e tlhagisa dikao tsa maano a tiro a a farologaneng a kgaolo a phetogo ya seemo sa bosa, go akaretsa le a a tlhamilweng ke [[:en:Southern_African_Development_Community|Setšhaba sa Tlhabololo sa Borwa jwa Aforika]] (SADC) le Komiti ya Letsha la Victoria.<ref name=":16">''[https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-Chap22_FINAL.pdf Africa. In: Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]'' (PDF). 2014.</ref> Mo maemong a bosetšhaba, maiteko a mantsi a go ikamanya a ntlha a ne a gokaganngwa ka [[:en:National_Adaptation_Programme_of_Action|Mananeo a Bosetšhaba a Tiro a go]] [[:en:National_Adaptation_Programme_of_Action|tlwaela]](di-NAPA) kgotsa Maano a Bosetšhaba a Tsibogelo ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Bosa(NCCRS). Go tsenngwa mo tirisong go nnile bonya le fa go ntse jalo, ka katlego e e tlhakaneng mo kgorosong.<ref name=":25">Pardoe, Joanna; Conway, Declan; Namaganda, Emilinah; Vincent, Katharine; Dougill, Andy; Kashaigili, Japhet (2018). "[[doi:10.1080/14693062.2017.1386082|Climate Change and the Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Policy and Practice in Tanzania"]]. ''Climate Policy''. '''18''' (7): 863–877. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/14693062.2017.1386082|10.1080/14693062.2017.1386082]].</ref> Kopanyo ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa le thulaganyo e e anameng ya itsholelo le tlhabololo e sa ntse e lekanyeditswe mme e a gola.<ref>Osman-Elasha, Balgis; Downing, Tom (2007). ''Lessons learned in preparing national adaptation programmes of action in Eastern and Southern Africa''. Stockholm Environment Institute.</ref><ref name=":16" /> Mo maemong a bosetšhabapotlana, bathati ba le bantsi ba karolo ya lefatshe ya province le ba mmasepala le bona ba tlhama maano a bone, sekai Leano la Tsibogelo ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Bosa la Bophirima jwa Kapa.<ref>Western Cape Government (2014). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230220102835/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/text/2015/march/western_cape_climate_change_response_strategy_2014.pdf "Western Cape Climate Change Response Strategy"] (PDF). Archived from [https://www.westerncape.gov.za/text/2015/march/western_cape_climate_change_response_strategy_2014.pdf the original] (PDF) on 20 February 2023. Retrieved 8 March 2021.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, maemo a bokgoni jwa maranyane le didirisiwa tse di leng teng go diragatsa maano ka kakaretso a kwa tlase. Go nnile le tlhokomelo e e bonalang go ralala Aforika e e neetsweng go diragatsa mananeo a tlwaelo a a ikaegileng ka baagi. Go na le tumalano e e anameng ya gore tshegetso ya go tlwaela maemo a selegae e fitlhelelwa botoka ka go simolola ka bokgoni jo bo leng teng jwa go tlwaela selegae, le go dirisana le kitso le ditiro tsa selegae.<ref>Ofoegbu, Chidiebere; Chirwa, Paxie; Francis, Joseph; Babalola, Folaranmi (15 May 2017). "Assessing vulnerability of rural communities to climate change: A review of implications for forest-based livelihoods in South Africa". ''International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management''. '''9''' (3): 374–386. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1108/IJCCSM-04-2016-0044|10.1108/IJCCSM-04-2016-0044.]] [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:2263/61659|2263/61659]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Climate risk approach (% of surveyed African banks).png|thumb|Maduo a a malebana le mokgwa wa dibanka tsa Aforika wa go lebana le dikotsi tsa seemo sa bosa(karolo mo lekgolong ya dibanka tse di dirilweng patlisiso) go tswa mo patlisisong ya Banka ya Dipeeletso ya Europe ya ngwaga wa 2021]] [[:en:Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change|IPCC]] e tlhagisa mekgwa e le mmalwa e e atlegileng ya go rotloetsa go tlwaela maemo a a atlegileng mo Aforika, e tlhalosa melawana e le metlhano e e tshwanang.<ref name=":16" /> Tseno di akaretsa: # Go tokafatsa tshegetso ya mefuta e e ikemetseng ya go tlwaela; # Go oketsa tlhokomelo mo dikakanyo tsa setso, maitsholo, le ditshwanelo tsa go tlwaela (bogolo jang ka go tsaya karolo ka matlhagatlhaga ga basadi, bašwa, le batho ba ba humanegileng le ba ba mo kotsing mo ditirong tsa go tlwaela) # Go kopanya dikgetho tsa "tsela e e bonolo" le mekgwa ya go ithuta e e fetofetogang le e e ipoeletsang le mekgwa ya maranyane le ya mafaratlhatlha (go akaretsa le go kopanya kitso ya saense, ya selegae, le ya selegae mo go tlhameng maano a go tlwaela) # Go tsepamisa mogopolo mo go tokafatseng go itsetsepela le go diragatsa dikgetho tsa go tlwaela tse di sa ikotlhaeleng; le # Go aga taolo ya go tlwaela le go rotloetsa thulaganyo ya go ithuta ga loago le ga setheo go nna ditiro tsa go tlwaela. Pegelo ya Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe wa Boitekanelo wa "Tlwaelo ya Phetogo ya Tlelaemete mo Aforika Leano la Tiro la Lekala la Boitekanelo la ngwaga wa 2012 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2016"<ref name=":24">World Health Organization. (2012). Adaptation to climate change in Africa plan of action for the health sector 2012–2016. Retrieved from http://www.afro.who.int/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=7699&Itemid=2593</ref> le ikaeletse go "tlamela ka tsibogo e e tseneletseng le e e theilweng mo bosuping e e gokagantsweng ya lekalana la tsa botsogo mo ditlhokegong tsa go ikamanya le phetogo ya seemo sa bosa sa mafatshe a Aforika gore di kgone go tshegetsa ditlamelo tsa di puso tsa Africa"<ref name=":24" /> Leano le akaretsa maikaelelo a a jaaka go oketsa ditiro tsa boitekanelo jwa setšhaba, go gokaganya maiteko mo maemong a boditšhabatšhaba, go nonotsha tirisanommogo le maiteko a tirisanommogo, le go rotloetsa dipatlisiso ka ga ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa mmogo le dikgato tse di atlegileng tse di tsewang mo baaging ba selegae go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref name=":24" /> Go ya ka [[:en:International_Monetary_Fund|Letlole la Boditšhabatšhaba la Madi]] (IMF), [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara]] e tlhoka didikadike tsa di dolara di le masome a mararo go ya kwa masomeng a matlhano ya matlole a mangwe ngwaga le ngwaga go ikamanya le ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa.<ref name=":22" /><ref>"[https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2021/10/20/pr21306-sub-saharan-africa-one-planet-two-worlds-three-stories Sub-Saharan Africa: One Planet, Two Worlds, Three Stories]". ''IMF''. Retrieved 6 December 2021.</ref><ref>Dept, International Monetary Fund African (15 April 2020). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20220523061856/https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/books/086/28915-9781513536835-en/ch02.xml 2. Adapting to Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa]''. International Monetary Fund. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-5135-3683-5|<bdi>978-1-5135-3683-5</bdi>.]] Archived from [https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/books/086/28915-9781513536835-en/ch02.xml the original] on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2023.</ref> Matlole a seemo sa bosa kwa Botlhabagare le Bokone jwa Aforika a ne a le didikadike di le di olara di le masome a mararo le bobedi ntlha thataro ( karolo ya bobedi mo lekgolong ya palogotlhe ya lefatshe) ka ngwaga wa 2019 le ngwaga wa 2020, fa dipeeletso tsa seemo sa bosa kwa Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara e ne e le didikadike di le di dolara tse masome a mane le boraro ntlha borobaboedi (karolo ya boraro mo lekgolong ya palogotlhe ya lefatshe).<ref name=":20" /><ref>[https://climatefundsupdate.org/publications/climate-finance-regional-briefing-middle-east-and-north-africa-2020/ "Climate Finance Regional Briefing: Middle East and North Africa (2020) - Climate Funds Update]". 15 March 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2023.</ref> Go ya ka thuto ya Banka ya [[:en:European_Investment_Bank|Dipeeletso tsa karolokgolo ya lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a le mantsi mo teng ya Europe]] ya ngwaga wa 2021 ya Banking in Africa, ditheo tsa Aforika di ntse di ela hloko thata tlhokego ya buisana ka dikotsi tse bakwang ke phetogo ya seemo sa bosa mme di simolla go dirisa dikgonagalo tsa matlole a a matala. Sekai, karolo ya masome a matlhano le bone mo lekgolong ya dibanka tse di boditsweng mo patlisisong di bone phetogo ya seemo sa bosa jaaka tlhobaboroko ya togamaano, mme go feta karolo ya masome a mane mo lekgolong e ne e na le batho ba ba tsepamisitseng mogopolo mo dintlheng tse di amanang le seemo sa bosa.<ref>Importer, A. P. O. (18 November 2021). [https://africa.businessinsider.com/apo/eib-study-highlights-impact-of-covid-on-african-banks-and-business-financing-and/205d41n "EIB study highlights impact of COVID on African banks and business financing and opportunities for climate finance and digital transformation".] ''Business Insider Africa''. Retrieved 6 December 2021.</ref> Dibanka tsa Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara di godisa ditshupetso tsa tsone tsa maranyane , tse di itlhaganedisitsweng ke leroborobo la COVID-19. Bontsi jwa dibanka tse di botsoloditsweng di boletse gore leroborobo le itlhaganedisitse lebelo la [[:en:Digital_transformation|phetogo ya]] [[:en:Digital_transformation|maranyane]] , le gore phetogo eno e tla nna ya sennelaruri.<ref>[https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2021-165-eib-president-highlights-new-gender-and-digital-investment-initiatives-to-accelerate-economic-recovery-across-africa "EIB President highlights new gender and digital investment initiatives to accelerate economic recovery across Africa]". ''European Investment Bank''. Retrieved 6 December 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.eib.org/attachments/thematic/the_eib_development_report_2021_en.pdf "European Investment Bank Development Report]" (PDF). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210616085058/https://www.eib.org/attachments/thematic/the_eib_development_report_2021_en.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2021.</ref><ref name=":22" /> Bahumanegi le ba ba sa sireletsegang ke bone ba ba tlhaselwang motlhofo thata, mme go ka direga gore badiri ba batswakwa, batshabi le ditlhopha tse dingwe tse di kgaphetsweng kwa thoko ke bone ba ba bogang thata. GDP ka tlhogo ga e kgonagale go boela kwa maemong a ngwaga wa 2019 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2024, ka dikotsi tse di sekamelang kwa tlase, mme mathata a buseditse morago kwelotlase e e bonelwang pele ya palo ya batho ba ba humanegileng, go ya ka IMF. Fa go bapisiwa le diponelopele tsa pele ga mathata, se se ka felela ka gore batho ba bangwe ba le didikadike di le masome a mararo kwa Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara ba tshele mo lehumeng le le feteletseng ka ngwaga wa 2021, mmogo le ba bangwe ba le didikadike di le robongwe kwa lefelong la [[:en:MENA|Botlhabagare jwa Bophirima le Bokone jwa Aforika]] (MENA).<ref>Selassie, Abebe Aemro; Department, Habtamu Fuje IMF African. [https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2021/10/20/na102021-seven-charts-that-show-sub-saharan-africa-at-a-crucial-point "Seven Charts that Show Sub-Saharan Africa at a Crucial Point]". ''IMF''. Retrieved 6 December 2021.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2023, mo e ka nnang nngwe mo borarong jwa matlole otlhe a seemo sa bosa sa Aforika a elela kwa mebarakeng e metlhano e megolo: [[:en:Morocco|Morocco]] (karolo ya bosupa mo lekgolong ya dipeeletso tsa seemo sa bosa ya Aforika ka ngwaga wa 2019 le 2022), [[:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] (karolo ya bosupa mo lekgolong ), [[:en:Kenya|Kenya]] ( karolo ya bosupa mo lekgolong), Ethiopia ( karolo ya borataro mo lekgolong), le Aforika Borwa (karolo ya botlhano mo lekgolong ).<ref name=":20" /> Mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di fetileng, dipeeletso tse di tlhamaletseng tsa kwa ntle tsa lefatshe ka bophara di wetse tlase ka seelo sa karolo ya boraro mo lekgolong ka ngwaga, ka seabe sa Aforika sa lefatshe se wetse tlase go tswa go karolong ya lesome le bobedi mo lekgolong ka ngwaga wa 2017 go ya kwa tlase ga karolo ya borataro mo lekgolong ka ngwaga wa 2021.<ref name=":20" /><ref>"[https://unctad.org/publication/world-investment-report-2023 World Investment Report 2023"]. ''UNCTAD''. Retrieved 31 October 2023.</ref> === Dikgato tsa go tlwaela Aforika Bokone === [[Setshwantsho:Climate change specific personnel (% of surveyed African banks).png|thumb|Badiri ba ba rileng ba phetogo ya seemo sa bosa mo dibankeng tsa Aforika tse di dirilweng dipatlisiso mo patlisisong ya Banka ya Dipeeletso ya Europe ya Banka mo Aforika<ref name=":21" /><ref name=":22" /> (% ya dibanka tsa Aforika tse di dirilweng dipatlisiso)]] Diphetogo tse di botlhokwa kwa bokone jwa Aforika di amana le kotsi e e oketsegileng ya tlhaelo ya metsi (e e tlholwang ke kopano ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa se se amang go nna teng ga metsi le tlhokego e e oketsegang). Go fokotsega ga go nna teng ga metsi, ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, go dirisana le megote e e oketsegang go tlhola tlhokego ya go tlwaela mo gare ga tlhagiso ya korong e e fepiwang ka pula. <ref>Hegazy, A. K.; Medany, M. A.; Kabiel, H. F.; Maez, M. M. (2008). "Spatial and temporal projected distribution of four crop plants in Egypt". ''Natural Resources Forum''. '''32''' (4): 316–326. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008NRF....32..316H 2008NRF....32..316H.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1477-8947.2008.00205.x|10.1111/j.1477-8947.2008.00205.x.]]</ref><ref>Drine, I. (May 2011). [https://www.wider.unu.edu/publication/climate-change-compounding-risks-north-africa "Climate Change Compounding Risks in North Africa"]. ''United Nations University-World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER)'' (Working Paper No. 32).</ref> le go fetoga ga kotsi ya malwetse (sekao go tswa mo leishmaniasis).<ref>Bounoua, L.; Kahime, K.; Houti, L.; Blakey, T.; Ebi, K.L.; Zhang, P.; Imhoff, M.L.; Thome, K.J.; Dudek, C. (2013). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3774431 Linking climate to incidence of zoonotic cutaneous Leishmaniasis (L. major) in Pre-Saharan North Africa]". ''International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health''. '''10''' (8) 3172–3191. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013IJERP..10.3172B 2013IJERP..10.3172B.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.3390/ijerph10083172|10.3390/ijerph10083172.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Climate_change_specific_personnel_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png/960px-Climate_change_specific_personnel_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png 3774431]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23912199 23912199].</ref><ref>Toumi, Amine; Chlif, Sadok; Bettaieb, Jihene; Alaya, Nissaf Ben; Boukthir, Aicha; Ahmadi, Zaher E.; Salah, Afif Ben (May 2012). Ozcel, Mehmet Ali (ed.). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3341328 Temporal Dynamics and Impact of Climate Factors on the Incidence of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Central Tunisia]". ''PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases''. '''6''' (5) e1633. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Climate_change_specific_personnel_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png/960px-Climate_change_specific_personnel_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001633]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3341328 3341328]. [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Climate_change_specific_personnel_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png/960px-Climate_change_specific_personnel_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png PMID]&#x20;[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Climate_change_specific_personnel_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png/960px-Climate_change_specific_personnel_%28%25_of_surveyed_African_banks%29.png 22563513].</ref>Bontsi jwa dikgato tsa puso tsa go tlwaela di ikaegile ka letlhakore la tlamelo ya metsi, sekai ka go ntsha letswai, go fetisetsa magareng ga mekgatsha le kago ya matamo.<ref>Sowers, Jeannie; Vengosh, Avner; Weinthal, Erika (February 2011). "Climate change, water resources, and the politics of adaptation in the Middle East and North Africa". ''Climatic Change''. '''104''' (3–4): 599–627. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ClCh..104..599S 2011ClCh..104..599S.] doi:[[doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9835-4|10.1007/s10584-010-9835-4.]] [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10161/6460|10161/6460]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37329318 37329318].</ref> Go fuduga gape go lemogilwe go dira jaaka tlwaelo ya batho le malapa kwa bokone jwa Aforika.<ref>Scheffran, Jürgen; Marmer, Elina; Sow, Papa (April 2012). "Migration as a contribution to resilience and innovation in climate adaptation: Social networks and co-development in Northwest Africa". ''Applied Geography''. '''33''': 119–127. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AppGe..33..119S 2012AppGe..33..119S.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.10.002|10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.10.002.]]</ref> Jaaka dikgaolo tse dintsi, le fa go ntse jalo, dikao tsa kgato ya go tlwaela (go farologana le maikaelelo a go tsaya kgato, kgotsa ditshekatsheko tsa go nna mo kotsing) go tswa kwa Aforika bokone di lekanyeditswe – tshekatsheko e e rulagantsweng e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 2011 e bontshitse gore ke fela sekao se le sengwe mo go tse masome a borobabobedi le bosupa sa go tlwaela se se begilweng se se tswang kwa Aforika Bokone.<ref>Berrang-Ford, Lea; Ford, James D.; Peterson, Jaclyn (2011). "Are we adapting to climate change?". ''Global Environmental Change''. '''21''' (1): 25–33. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011GEC....21...25B 2011GEC....21...25B]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.09.012|10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.09.012.]]</ref> === Dikgato tsa go tlwaela Aforika Bophirima === ''Tshedimosetso e nngwe: [[:en:Climate_change_adaptation_in_Ghana|Go tlwaela phetogo ya]]'' ''[[:en:Climate_change_adaptation_in_Ghana|seemo sa bosa kwa Ghana]]'' Go nna teng ga metsi ke kotsi e e rileng mo Bophirima jwa Aforika , ka ditiragalo tse di feteletseng jaaka komelelo tse di lebisang kwa [[:en:Humanitarian_crisis|mathateng a botho]] a a amanang le mauba a nako le nako, go tlhoka tshireletsego ya dijo, go fuduga ga baagi, go fuduga le dikgotlhang le go tlhoka tshireletsego. Maano a go tlwaela e ka nna a tikologo, setso/temothuo le itsholelo.<ref>Shaibu, M. T.; Alhassan, S. I.; Panyan, E. K.; Avornyo, F. K.; Konlan, S. P.; Salifu, S. (2018). [https://www.ajol.info/index.php/wajae/article/view/182464 "An Assessment of Institutional Importance of Climate Change Adaptation in the Volta River Basin of Northern Ghana".] ''West African Journal of Applied Ecology''. '''26''': 27–40.</ref> Maano a go tlwaela a bonala mo lephateng la temothuo, a mangwe a one a tlhamiwang kgotsa a rotloediwa ke diteišene tsa semmuso tsa dipatlisiso kgotsa tsa ditekelelo.<ref name=":26">Kuwornu, John K. M.; Al-Hassan, Ramatu M.; Etwire, Prince Maxwell; Osei-Owusu, Yaw (2013). [[doi:10.22610/imbr.v5i5.1047|"Adaptation strategies of smallholder farmers to climate change and variability: Evidence from northern Ghana"]]. ''Information Management and Business Review''. '''5''' (5): 233–239. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.22610/imbr.v5i5.1047|10.22610/imbr.v5i5.1047]].</ref> Diphetogo tsa temothuo tsa tlholego tse di lemogilweng kwa bokone jwa Ghana di amana le dijalo, di amana le mmu kgotsa di akaretsa mekgwa ya setso.<ref name=":26" /><ref>Alhassan, S. I.; Shaibu, M. T.; Kuwornu, J. K. M.; Damba, O. T. (2018). "[https://www.ajol.info/index.php/wajae/article/view/182462 Factors Influencing Farmers' Awareness and Choice of Indigenous Practices in Adapting to Climate Change and Variability in Northern Ghana"]. ''West African Journal of Applied Ecology''. '''26''': 1–13.</ref>Diphetogo tsa temothuo tse di ikaegileng ka leruo di akaretsa maano a selegae a a jaaka go fetola bontsi jwa dijo go fepa leruo, go boloka dijo tse di lekaneng mo pakeng e e nang le dijo tse dintsi go fepiwa leruo ka paka e e senang mafura, go alafa dintho ka tharabololo ya makwati a a rileng a ditlhare, le go boloka mefuta ya selegae e e setseng e tlwaetse seemo sa bosa sa Ghana se se setseng se tlwaetse <ref>Shaibu, M. T.; Alhassan, I. S.; Avornyo, F. K.; Lawson, E. T.; Mensah, A.; Gordon, C. (2019). "Perceptions and Determinants of the Adoption of Indigenous Strategies for Adaptation to Climate Change: Evidence from Smallholder Livestock Farmers, North-West Ghana". In Kuwornu, J. K. M. (ed.). ''Climate Change in Sub-saharan Africa: The vulnerability and adaptation of food supply chains actors''. Vernon Press. pp.&#x20;223–240.</ref>; maranyane a tlhagiso go akaretsa tsadiso, boitekanelo, dijo/kotla le matlo.<ref>"[https://www.fao.org/4/v8180t/v8180t0y.htm A classification of livestock production systems]". ''www.fao.org''. Retrieved 4 August 2024.</ref> Tlhopho le kamogelo ya maano a go tlwaela go ikaegile ka dintlha tse di farologaneng tsa dipalo palojaaka bogolo jwa lelapa, dingwaga, bong le thuto ya tlhogo ya lelapa; dintlha tsa itsholelo jaaka motswedi wa lotseno; bogolo jwa polase; kitso ya dikgetho tsa go tlwaela; le tebelelo ya ditebelelo tsa isago.<ref>Apata, T. G. (2011). "Factors influencing the perception and choice of adaptation measures to climate change among farmers in Nigeria. Evidence from farm households in Southwest Nigeria". ''Environmental Economics''. '''2''' (4): 74–83.</ref> === Dikgato tsa go tlwaela Aforika Botlhaba === Mo Aforika Botlhaba dikgetho tsa go tlwaela di farologane, go akaretsa le go tokafatsa tiriso ya tshedimosetso ya seemo sa bosa , dikgato mo lephateng la temothuo le leruo, le mo lephateng la metsi. Go dirisa botoka tshedimosetso ya seemo sa bosa le maemo a bosa, ponelopele ya maemo a bosa, le didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa taolo go kgontsha tshedimosetso ka nako le go ipaakanyetsa ga batho mo makaleng a a jaaka temothuo a a ikaegileng ka dipoelo tsa maemo a bosa. Se se raya go nna le bokgoni jwa tshedimosetso ya metsi le bosa le dithulaganyo tsa tlhagiso ya go sa le gale.<ref>Snow, John (28 October 2016). ''[https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/climate-and-disaster-resilience-/weather-and-climate-systems---africa.html A New Vision for Weather and Climate Services in Africa]''. UNDP.</ref> Go ile ga ngangisanwa ka gore baagi ba tlholego ba na le kitso ka ga diphetogo tsa seemo sa boosa tsa ditso ka matshwao a tikologo (sekao, go tlhagelela le go fuduga ga dinonyane dingwe, dirurubele jalo jalo.), mme ka jalo go rotloetsa kitso ya tlholego go tserwe jaaka leano le le botlhokwa la go tlwaela. Go tlwaela mo lephateng la temothuo<ref>"[https://www.epa.gov/regulatory-information-sector/agriculture-sectors-crop-naics-111-and-animal-naics-112 Agriculture Sectors: Crop (NAICS 111) and Animal (NAICS 112)"]. 22 February 2013.</ref> go akaretsa tiriso e e oketsegileng ya motshotelo le monontsha o o rileng wa dijalo, tiriso ya mefuta e e emelanang le dijalo tse di butswang ka bonako. Motshotelo, mme bogolo jang motshotelo wa diphologolo go akanngwa gore o boloka metsi mme o na le ditshedinnye tse di botlhokwa tse di thubang dikotla go di dira gore di nne teng mo dimeleng, fa di bapisiwa le menontsha ya maitirelo e e nang le metswako e fa e gololwa mo tikologong ka ntlha ya tiriso e e feteletseng e gololang dighese tse di tshwarang mogote mo lefaufaung.<ref>[https://extension.psu.edu/biological-manipulation-of-manure-getting-what-you-want-from-animal-manure "Biological Manipulation of Manure: Getting What You Want from Animal Manure]". ''Penn State Extension''. Retrieved 24 November 2020.</ref> Bothata bongwe jo bogolo jwa lekalana la temothuo mo Aforika Botlhaba ke go ikaega ka temothuo e e nosediwang ka pula.<ref>Hengsdijk, H.; Smit, A. a. M. F. R.; Conijn, J. G.; Rutgers, B.; Biemans, H. (2014). Agricultural crop potentials and water use in East Africa (Report). Plant Research International. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/880257653 880257653].[page needed]</ref> Tharabololo ya go tlwaela ke mekgwa e e dirang sentle ya go nosetsa le poloko le tiriso e e dirang sentle ya metsi. [[:en:Drip_irrigation|Nosetso ya marothodi]] e supilwe bogolosegolo jaaka kgetho e e somarelang metsi ka ge e lebisa metsi kwa moding wa sejalo ka tshenyo e nnye. Mafatshe a a jaaka Rwanda le Kenya a tsentse kwa pele go tlhabolola mafelo a a nosediwang ka dithulaganyo tsa metsi a kgogedi go tswa mo melatswaneng le dinokeng tse di sa feleng mo dikgaolong tse di ka tlhaselwang ke komelelo e e tsayang nako e telele.<ref>Republic of Rwanda. "[https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/rwa01e.pdf NAPA-RWANDA]" (PDF).</ref> Ka nako ya dipula tse di maatla, mafelo a mantsi a itemogela merwalela e e bakiwang ke mabala a a senang sepe ka ntlha ya go rengwa ga dikgwa le go nna le khurumetso e nnye ya lefatshe. Maano a go tlwaela a a ntshiwang mo go se ke go rotloetsa maiteko a tshomarelo mo tshireletsong ya lefatshe, ka go jala ditlhare tsa selegae, go sireletsa mafelo a kgobokanyo ya metsi le go laola mafatshe a phulo ka go aroganya.<ref>Abuya, Robina; Said, Mohammed; Atela, Joanes; Muhwanga, Joseph; Moiko, Stephen; Atieno, Fred; Ndiritu, Simon (2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190808104609/http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/kmt-prise-project/ "Contexualising Pathways to Resilience in Kenya's ASALs under the Big Four Agenda]". ''Kenya Markets Trust''. Archived from [http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/kmt-prise-project/ the original] on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> Mo lekalaneng la leruo, dikgetho tsa tlwaelo di akaretsa go laola tlhagiso ka [[:en:Sustainable_agriculture|tsamaiso ya lefatshe le mafulo e e tswelelang]] mo dithulaganyong tsa tikologo. Se se akaretsa go rotloetsa mekgwa ya tlhagiso ya bojang le dijo tsa leru sekai ka nosetso le tiriso ya metsi a a phepafaditsweng a matlakala, le go tsepamisa mogopolo mo go beeletseng mo polokelong ya bojang go dirisiwa ka dipaka tsa komelelo. Go rua leruo go tsewa e le tsela ya go itshetsa go na le go nna tiro ya itsholelo. Go ralala mafatshe otlhe a Botlhaba jwa Aforika bogolosegolo mo dikgaolong tsa ASALs, go ngangisanwa ka gore go rotloetsa kgwebo ya leruo ke kgetho ya go tlwaela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190808104609/http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/political-economy-analysis-of-kenyas-livestock-sector-abridged-version/ "Political Economy Analysis of Kenya's Livestock Sector (Abridged Version)"]. ''Kenya Markets Trust''. Archived from [http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/political-economy-analysis-of-kenyas-livestock-sector-abridged-version/ the original] on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> Se se akaretsa go amogela dikai tsa itsholelo mo tlhagisong ya dijo tsa leruo, go latedisa diphologolo, go rotloetsa tlhokego ya ditlhagiswa tsa leruo jaaka nama, mashi le letlalo le go golaganya le mebaraka e e kgethegileng go tokafatsa dikgwebo le go tlamela ka lotseno lo lo ka dirisiwang.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20190808104612/http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/kenya-meat-end-market-trends-study/ Kenya Meat End-Market Trends Study]". ''Kenya Markets Trust''. Archived from [http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/kenya-meat-end-market-trends-study/ the original] on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> Mo lekalaneng la metsi, dikgetho di akaretsa tiriso e e siameng ya metsi mo malapeng, diphologolo le tiriso ya madirelo le tshireletso ya metswedi ya metsi. Matsholo a a jaaka go jala ditlhare tsa tlholego mo [[:en:Catchment_area|mafelong a metsi a kokoanngwang]], go laola ditiro tsa batho gaufi le mafelo a a kokoanyang metsi bogolo jang temothuo le bonno a dirilwe go thusa go sireletsa metswedi ya metsi le go bona phitlhelelo ya metsi go baagi bogolosegolo ka nako ya ditshupo tsa seemo sa bosa. '''Comoros''' – "NAPA ke katoloso ya tiro ya Pampiri ya Togamaano ya Phokotso ya Lehuma (PRSP), ka gonne e akaretsa gareng ga ditlapele tsa yone tsa go tlwaela, temothuo, go tshwara ditlhapi, metsi, matlo, boitekanelo, mme gape le bojanala, ka tsela e e sa tlhamalalang, Ka go busetsa popego ya mekgatšha ya mekgokolosa ya dithaba le go lwantsha kgogolego ya mmu, go sirelediwa mafika ka go fokotsa go tladiwa ga ona ke seretse le mmu tse di tlisiwang ke lefatshe.<ref>"&#x5B;[https://www.preventionweb.net/files/8507_com01e.pdf pdf]&#x5D;" (PDF). ''www.preventionweb.net''.</ref>" '''Lefatshe la Kenya''' e gatisitse Molao wa Phetogo ya Seemo sa Bosa, ka ngwaga wa 2016 o o tlhomang bothati jwa go okamela tlhabololo, taolo, tiragatso le taolo ya mekgwa ya go tokafatsa nonofo ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa le tlhabololo e e kwa tlase ya khabone go bona tlhabololo e e tswelelang, ke Mebuso ya Bosetšhaba le ya Dikgaolo, lekala le e seng la puso le setšhaba se sengwe sa baagi,. Kenya gape e tlhamile Leanotiro la Bosetšhaba la Phetogo ya Seemo sa Bosa(NCCAP 2018–2022 Le bolokilwe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le mabedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 2019 kwa [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Motšhineng wa Wayback]]) le le ikaeletseng go tsweletsa maikaelelo a tlhabololo a lefatshe ka go tlamela ka mekgwa le dikgato tsa go fitlhelela tlhabololo e e kgonang go emelana le seemo sa bosa se se nang le khabone e e kwa tlase ka tsela e e dirang gore go nne le khabone e e kwa tlase. === Dikgato tsa go tlwaela Aforika Bogare === '''Angola''' – "Maikaelelo a Mananeo a Bosetšhaba a Tiro a go Tlwaetsa Maemo ke go supa le go itsise ka ditlhokego tse di potlakileng le tsa ka bonako tsa lefatshe mabapi le go tlwaela phetogo ya seemo sa bosa, go oketsa nonofo ya Angola mo diphetogong tsa seemo sa bosa le mo phetogong ya seemo sa bosa go netefatsa phitlhelelo ya mananeo a phokotso ya lehuma, tlhabololo e e tswelelang pele Puso."<ref>''Analysis of Human Rights Language in the Cancun Agreements UNFCCC 16th Session of the Conference of the Parties'', [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9986-0022|10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9986-0022]]</ref> === Dikgato tsa go tlwaela borwa jwa Aforika === Go nnile le maiteko a le mmalwa mo dilekanong tsa selegae (tse di kgethegileng tsa lefelo), tsa selegae, tsa bosetšhaba le tsa kgaolo tse di ikaeletsweng go matlafatsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa. Dingwe tsa tsone ke: Lenaneo la Phetogo ya Seemo sa Bosa la Kgaolo (RCCP),<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20220808044011/https://oneworldgroup.co.za/oneworld-projects/southern-african-regional-climate-change-programme-rccp/ Regional Climate Change Programme, Southern Africa]". ''OneWorld''. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> SASSCAL,<ref>"[http://www.sasscal.org/ SASSCAL – Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management]". Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> ASSAR,<ref>"[http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/ Adaptation at Scale in Semi-Arid Regions]". ''www.assar.uct.ac.za''. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> Tlwaelo ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Bosa ya [[:en:United_Nations_Development_Programme|UNDP]],<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20190808131738/https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/southern-africa Southern Africa]". ''UNDP Climate Change Adaptation''. Archived from [https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/southern-africa the original] on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> RESILIM,<ref>''Risk, Vulnerability & Resilience in the Limpopo River basin: Climate Change, water and biodiversity – a synthesis''. OneWorld. 2015.</ref> <ref>''Resilience in the Limpopo Basin (RESILIM) Program''. Chemonics International Inc. 2017.</ref>FRACTAL.<ref>"[http://www.fractal.org.za/ FRACTAL — Future Resilience for African CiTies And Lands]". Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> Aforikaborwa e tsentse tirisong Lenaneo la Patlisiso la Ditiragalo tsa Paka e Telele la Tlwaelo (LTAS) go tloga ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2012 go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa 2014. Patlisiso e gape e ne ya tlhagisa dipampiri tsa dintlha le pegelo ya maranyane e e akaretsang kgaolo ya SADC e e bidiwang "Tlwaelo ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa bosa: Dipono tsa [[:en:Southern_African_Development_Community|Baagi ba Tlhabololo ya]] [[:en:Southern_African_Development_Community|Borwa jwa Aforika]] (SADC].<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20201124013002/https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/ltasfactsheet_perspectiveforSADC.pdf Climate change adaptation: Southern African Development Community (SADC])'' (PDF). Archived from [https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/ltasfactsheet_perspectiveforSADC.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2021.</ref> '''Lefatshe la Madagascar''' – makalana a a tlang pele a go tlwaela ke: temothuo le leruo, dikgwa, boitekanelo jwa setšhaba, metswedi ya metsi le dikgaolo tsa lebopo.<ref>"[http://www.ldc-climate.org/country/madagascar/ Madagascar]". ''LDC Climate Change''. 6 January 2018.</ref> '''Lefatshe la Malawi''' – NAPA e supa tse di latelang jaaka ditiro tse di botlhokwa thata tsa go tlwaela seemo sa bosa: "Go tokafatsa nonofo ya baagi mo phetogong ya seemo sa bosa ka tlhabololo ya matshelo a a tswelelang kwa magaeng, Go busetsa dikgwa mo dikgobokelong tsa metsi tsa Upper le Lower Shire Valleys go fokotsa go tlhotlhorega ga seretse le mathata a a amanang le kelelo ya metsi, Go tokafatsa tlhagiso ya temothuo le phetogo ya seemo sa bosa, Go ipaakanyetsa ga Malawi go samagana le komelelo le merwalela, le Go tokafatsa go ela tlhoko seemo sa bosa go tokafatsa bokgoni jwa Malawi jwa go tlhagisa go sa le gale le go tsaya ditshwetso le tiriso e e tswelelang ya ditsompelo tsa [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Letsha la Malawi]] le mafelo a a mo lotshitshing lwa letsha<ref>[http://www.unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/mwi01.pdf "REPUBLIC OF MALAWI. MALAWI'S NATIONAL ADAPTATION PROGRAMMES OF ACTION (NAPA]) ." (PDF).</ref>". Mme go ya ka Pegelo ya Seemo sa Bosa le Tlhabololo ya Lefatshe ya Banka ya Lefatshe (CCDR) ya Malawi, e ka "tsaya dikgato tsa go simolola dipeeletso mo mafaratlhatlheng a a kgonang go emelana le tlelaemete le go emisa go senyega ga lefatshe le go latlhegelwa ke dikgwa go tokafatsa ntshodikuno ya temothuo le go tshwara khabone" <ref>"[https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/10/27/climate-informed-economic-development-key-to-malawi-s-future-growth-and-resilience Climate-Informed Economic Development Key to Malawi's Future Growth and Resilience]". ''World Bank''.</ref>". '''Lefatshe la Mauritius''' – tlwaelo e tshwanetse go samagana le mafelo a a latelang a a tlang pele: metswedi ya lebopo, temothuo, metswedi ya metsi, botshwaraditlhapi, boitekanelo le itekanelo, [[:en:Land_use_change|phetogo ya tiriso ya lefatshe]] le dikgwa le mefutafuta ya ditshedi.<ref>"[https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/mauritius Mauritius]". ''UNDP Climate Change Adaptation''. 27 November 2018. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> '''Lefatshe la Mozambique''' – "Maiteko a a tshitshintsweng a go tlwaela maemo a lebile mafelo a a farologaneng a tlhabololo ya itsholelo le loago, mme a tlhalosa mananeo tse di amanang le phokotso ya ditlamorago tsa masetlapelo a tlholego, go tlhama dikgato tsa go tlwaela phetogo ya seemo sa bosa, go lwantsha kgogolego ya mmu mo mafelong a a nang le sekaka se se kwa godimo le dikgaolo tsa mabopo, go jala dikgwa sešwa le go laola metsi." '''Lefatshe la Rwanda''' e tlhamile Lenaneo la Tiro la Bosetšhaba la Tlwaelo (NAPA 2006) le le nang le tshedimosetso ya go kaela badirapholisi ba bosetšhaba le barulaganyi ka ga makoa a a tlang pele le tlwaelo mo makaleng a a botlhokwa a itsholelo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220207011141/https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/rwanda_adaptation_fact_sheet_jan2012.pdf "Climate Change Adaptation in Rwanda]" (PDF). ''USAID''. January 2012.</ref> Naga gape e tlhamile melawana e e ikaegileng ka lekalana ka ga go ikamanya le phetogo ya seemo sa bosa jaaka Ponelopele ya ngwaga wa [[:en:Vision_2020_(Rwanda)|2020]], Melawana ya Bosetšhaba ya Tikologo le Melawana ya Temothuo gareng ga tse dingwe.<ref>Ochieng, Cosmas; Khaemba, Winnie; Mwaniki, Ruchathi; Kimotho, Stephen (September 2017). ''Climate Change Adaptation in Rwanda's Agricultural Sector: A Case Study from Kirehe District, Eastern Province''. Defending the Voiceless - Climate and Environmental Justice in Africa.</ref> '''Lefatshe la Tanzania''' – Tanzania e tlhalositse dikgato tsa tlwaelo tse di tlang pele mo NAPA ya bona, le maano a a farologaneng a lekala la bosetšhaba le dipholo tsa patlisiso.<ref>USAID. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20211231235521/https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/tanzania_adaptation_fact_sheet_jan2012.pdf Climate Change Adaptation in Tanzania]" (PDF). ''USAID''.</ref> NAPA e atlegile mo go rotloetseng phetogo ya seemo sa bosa go tsenngwa mo melawaneng ya lekalana kwa Tanzania; le fa go ntse jalo, tirisanommogo ya makala a a farologaneng e e botlhokwa mo go tsenyeng tirisong maano a go ikamanya e santse e lekanyeditswe ka ntlha ya dikgwetlho tsa setheo tse di jaaka go sa lekalekane ga maatla, dikgoreletsi tsa tekanyetsokabo le mokgwa o o tseneletseng wa makala.<ref name=":25" /> Bontsi jwa mananeo a kwa Tanzania a amana le temothuo le taolo ya metswedi ya metsi (nosetso, go somarela metsi, go kokoanya metsi a pula); le fa go ntse jalo, maatla le bojanala le tsone di na le seabe se se botlhokwa.<ref>"[https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania United Republic of Tanzania]". ''UNDP Climate Change Adaptation''. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> '''Lefatshe la Zambia''' – "NAPA e supa ditlhokego di le masome a mararo le borobabongwe tsa go tlwaela maemo a a potlakileng le mafelo a le lesome a a tlang pele mo makaleng a temothuo le tshireletsego ya dijo (leruo, botshwaraditlhapi le dijalo), maatla le metsi, boitekanelo jwa batho, metswedi ya tlholego le diphologolo tsa lefatshe."<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20190829030222/http://theredddesk.org/countries/plans/national-adaptation-programme-action-climate-change-zambia National Adaptation Programme of Action on Climate Change (Zambia)]". ''The REDD Desk''. Archived from the original on 29 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</ref> '''Lefatshe la Zimbabwe''' – "Ditsereganyo tse dingwe tsa togamaano tsa thulaganyo ya NAP e tla nna: Go nonotsha seabe sa lekala le e seng la puso mo thulaganyong ya tlwaelo, Go tokafatsa bokgoni jwa Puso jwa go tlhama mananeo a a ka dirisiwang mo bankeng ka dikatiso, Go tokafatsa taolo ya tshedimosetso ya lemorago ya seemo sa bosa go sedimosa thulaganyo ya phetogo ya seemo sa bosa jaaka leano la boditšhabatšhaba la go supa matlole le go kokoanya seemo sa bosa dikopo tsa matlole di tsiboga thata ga jaana, di tlhomile mogopolo mo thusong ya tshoganyetso go na le go fokotsa dikotsi tsa phetogo ya seemo sa bosa, go ipaakanyetsa le go tlwaela, Go tlhama melawana e e gokagantsweng ya go ela tlhoko le go sekaseka mananeo le mananeo, ka gonne ditheo di le dintsi mo teng ga puso ga jaanong jaana ga di na mokgwa o o rulagantsweng wa go ela tlhoko le go sekaseka."<ref>"[http://www.napglobalnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/napgn-en-2019-nap-roadmap-for-zimbabwe.pdf National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Roadmap for Zimbabwe]" (PDF). ''NAP Global Network''. April 2019.</ref> '''Lefatshe la Lesotho''' – "Maikaelelo a konokono a thulaganyo ya NAPA a akaretsa: go supa baagi le matshelo a a mo [[:en:Climate_change_vulnerability|kotsing thata ya phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_vulnerability|seemo sa bosa]] , go tlhama lenaane la ditiro tse di tla bopang konokono ya lenaneo la bosetšhaba la tiro la go tlwaela seemo sa bosa, le go tlhaeletsana ka ditlhokego tsa lefatshe tsa ka bonako le tse di potlakileng le ditlapele tsa go aga bokgoni jwa go tlwaela phetogo ya seemo sa bosa].<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20221006210644/https://www.adaptation-undp.org/sites/default/files/downloads/lso_napa.pdf Lesotho's National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) on Climate Change]" (PDF). Archived from [http://www.adaptation-undp.org/sites/default/files/downloads/lso_napa.pdf the original] (PDF) on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2024.</ref> '''Lefatshe la Namibia''' – dithito tsa kgang tse di botlhokwa tsa go tlwaela ke "Tshireletsego ya dijo le motheo wa metswedi ya ditshedi o o tswelelang, Motheo wa metswedi ya metsi o o tswelelang, Boitekanelo le boitekanelo jwa batho le tlhabololo ya Mafaratlhatlha.<ref>''Youth Files Climate Case with India's Environmental Court''. Our Children's Trust. 2017. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1163/9789004322714_cclc_2017-0228-011|10.1163/9789004322714_cclc_2017-0228-011.]] [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1312587857 1312587857].</ref> '''Lefatshe la Aforikaborwa''' e amogetse ka kgwedi ya Phatweka ngwaga wa 2020 Leano la yona la Bosetšhaba la go Ikamanya le Phetogo ya Seemo sa Bosa,<ref>"[https://www.dffe.gov.za/mediarelease/nationalclimatechange_adaptationstrategy_ue10november19 South Africa's National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy approved]". ''[[:en:Department_of_Environment,_Forestry_and_Fisheries|Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries]]''. 18 August 2020.</ref> le le "dirang jaaka ntlha e e tlwaelesegileng ya maiteko a go ikamanya le phetogo ya seemo sa bosa mo Aforikaborwa, mme le tlamela ka serala se mo go sona maikaelelo a bosetšhaba a go ikamanya le phetogo ya seemo sa bosa a lefatshe a ka tlhalosiwang gore go tlamelwe ka kaelo e e akaretsang ya itsholelo yotlhe<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20211104030516/https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/nationalclimate_changeadaptation_strategyforcomment_nccas.pdfhttps://web.archive.org/web/20211104030516/https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/nationalclimate_changeadaptation_strategyforcomment_nccas.pdf National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy – Republic of South Africa"] (PDF). Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20211104030516/https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/nationalclimate_changeadaptation_strategyforcomment_nccas.pdf the original] (PDF) on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2019.</ref> == Kitso ya selegae le dipopo tse dintshwa tsa selegae == Le fa mananeo a magolo a puso le matlole a boditšhabatšhaba a kgweetsa melawana e e megolo ya seemo sa bosa, baagi ba letsatsi le letsatsi go ralala Aforika ba ikaegile thata ka kitso ya setso ya tikologo ya tlholego(TEK) go tshela.<ref name=":32">Antwi-Agyei, Philip; Nyantakyi-Frimpong, Hanson (27 January 2021). [[doi:10.3390/su13031308|"Evidence of Climate Change Coping and Adaptation Practices by Smallholder Farmers in Northern Ghana]]". ''Sustainability''. '''13''' (3): 1308. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021Sust...13.1308A 2021Sust...13.1308A.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.3390/su13031308|10.3390/su13031308.]] [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2071-1050 2071-1050].</ref> Se ke setlhopha sa go tlhaloganya, bokgoni, le dithuto tsa kitso tse di tlhamilweng ke baagi ba selegae mo dingwageng di le makgolokgolo ka go kopana ka tlhamalalo le tlholego. Mekgwa e e e lekilweng ka nako e fa batho ditsela tsa lefelo leo, tse di mosola tsa go bonela pele maemo a bosa, go somarela metsi le go dira gore temothuo e tswelele e tshela le fa seemo sa bosa se fetoga. === Ponelopele ya seemo sa bosa e e tlwaelegileng === Nako e telele pele ga megala ya letheka ya segompieno le di-app tsa segompieno tsa maemo a bosa, baagi ba kwa magaeng ba ba lemang le go disa ba ne ba dirisa ditsela tsa bone tsa go bonela pele seemo sa bosa. Bomankge ba lefelo leo ba ela tlhoko ka kelotlhoko dintlha tse di ka thusang mo lefatsheng la tlholego go bonela pele dikomelelo kgotsa dipula tse di maatla, tse di jaaka: * Ditsela tsa go fuduga ka tshoganyetso ga dinonyane tsa lefelo leo. * Nako e e tlhomameng ya ngwaga e ditlhare dingwe di simololang go thunya ka yone. * Go fetoga ga tsela e phefo e tsamayang ka yone le go bonala ga dinaledi bosigo. Sekao, ditlhopha tsa badisa mo Aforika Botlhaba di lebelela ka fao leruo la bona le itshwarang ka teng le go latedisa metsamao ya diphologolo tsa naga go swetsa gore ke ditsela dife tse ba ka di tsayang, go netefatsa gore diphologolo tsa bona di bona metsi le bojang ka nako ya komelelo.<ref>Alemayehu, Dejene; Hizkeal, Yitebarek (30 June 2022). "[https://www.jaeid.it/index.php/jaeid/article/view/12295 The Relevance and Practices of Indigenous Weather Forecasting Knowledge among the Gabra Pastoralists of Southern Ethiopia]". ''Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development (JAEID)''. '''116''' (1): 59–76. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.36253/jaeid-12295|10.36253/jaeid-12295.]] [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2240-2802 2240-2802.]</ref> Gompieno, baitseanapa ba saense ba lemoga gore go kopanya dintlha tseno tsa setso le saense ya segompieno ya maemo a bosa go dira ditlhagiso tse tota balemirui ba lefelo leo ba di tshepang le go di dirisa. === Ditsela tsa tshomarelo ya mmu le metsi === Mo mafelong a a lebaganeng le dikaka tse di atologa le pula e e sa bonelwang pele, baagi ba busitse mekgwa e e botlhale ya bogologolo ya go laola lefatshe.<ref name=":33">Salack, Seyni; Sanfo, Safiétou; Sidibe, Moussa; Daku, Elidaa K.; Camara, Ibrahima; Dieng, Mame Diarra Bousso; Hien, Koufanou; Torou, Bio Mohamadou; Ogunjobi, Kehinde O.; Sangare, Sheick Ahmed Khalil S. B.; Kouame, Konan Raoul; Koffi, Yao Bernard; Liersch, Stefan; Savadogo, Moumini; Giannini, Alessandra (25 October 2022). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9596419 "Low-cost adaptation options to support green growth in agriculture, water resources, and coastal zones]". ''Scientific Reports''. '''12''' (1) 17898. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022NatSR..1217898S 2022NatSR..1217898S.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/s41598-022-22331-9|10.1038/s41598-022-22331-9.]] [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322 2045-2322.] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9596419 9596419]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36284114 36284114].</ref> Mo kgaolong ya Sahel, bogolosegolo kwa Burkina Faso le Niger, balemibarui ba dirisa ka bophara thulaganyo ya bogologolo ya go epa e e bidiwang '''Zaï'''<ref name=":34">L. Woomer, Paul; Roobroeck, Dries; Yelognisse Alia, Didier (29 March 2023), "[https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/81496 Blending Climate Action and Rural Development in Africa's Sahel]", in Özçatalbaş, Orhan (ed.), ''Sustainable Rural Development Perspective and Global Challenges'', IntechOpen, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5772/intechopen.103817|10.5772/intechopen.103817]], [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-80355-420-4|<bdi>978-1-80355-420-4</bdi>,]] retrieved 6 June 2026</ref> Go na le go lema tshimo e e sephaphathi, balemibarui ba epa mesima e e boteng mo mmung o o thata mme ba tlatse botlase ka dilo tsa ditshedi jaaka motshotelo. Moakanyetso o o botlhale o o dira dilo tse pedi: o tshwara lerothodi lengwe le lengwe la metsi a pula a a thata go bonwa, mme motshotelo o gogela metlhwa, e e epang dikgogometso tse di ka fa tlase ga lefatshe tse ka tlhago di bofololang mmu o o thata gore medi e kgone go gola.<ref name=":34" /> Balembarui gape ba aga dithapo tsa matlapa tse e leng mabota a a kwa tlase a matlapa go bapa le dikhubu tsa tlhago tsa dithota tsa bona. Fa ka tshoganetso, dipula tse di maatla di itaya, mela eno ya matlapa e fokotsa lebelo la metsi a a potlakileng, e e thibela go tlhatswa mmu o o siameng o o kwa godimo le go e naya nako ya go ina mo mmung.<ref name=":33" /> Kwa borwa le botlhaba jwa Aforika, baagi ba dirisa dikgwa tsa temothuo tsa setso ka go boloka ditlhare tse di rileng, jaaka ''Faidherbia albida'', mo teng ga masimo a bona a dijalo. Ditlhare tseno di ntsha matlhare ka paka ya dipula mme di a godise ka paka ya komelelo, go kaya gore ga di thibele lesedi la letsatsi go tswa mo dijalong; go na le moo, ka tlhago di oketsa dikotla mo mmung le go fokotsa dithemphoritšhara tsa mmu ka nako ya makhubu a mogote.<ref>Haskett, Jonathan D.; Simane, Belay; Smith, Caitlin (1 November 2019). [[doi:10.3389/fenvs.2019.00146|"Energy and Climate Change Mitigation Benefits of Faidherbia albida Agroforestry in Ethiopia]]". ''Frontiers in Environmental Science''. '''7''' 146. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019FrEnS...7..146H 2019FrEnS...7..146H.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.3389/fenvs.2019.00146|10.3389/fenvs.2019.00146]]. ISSN&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2296-665X 2296-665X].</ref> === Go farologanya dijalo le go somarela peo === Go netefatsa gore ga di latlhegelwe ke dijo tsotlhe tsa tsone ka nako e telele ya komelelo, balemibarui ba selegae ba dira jaaka borasaense ba bone ka go boloka dipeo tsa naga.<ref>Aniah, Philip; Kaunza-Nu-Dem, Millar Katherine; Ayembilla, Joseph A. (April 2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6479268 "Smallholder farmers' livelihood adaptation to climate variability and ecological changes in the savanna agro ecological zone of Ghana]". ''Heliyon''. '''5''' (4) e01492. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Heliy...501492A 2019Heliy...501492A.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01492|10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01492]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]]&#x20;[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6479268 6479268]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]]&#x20;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31049426 31049426].</ref> Dipeo tsa segompieno tsa kgwebo gantsi di tlhoka selekanyo se se itekanetseng sa metsi le menontsha e e turang gore di kgone go tshela. Go farologana le seo, dijalo tsa setso tse di jaaka mmidi wa perela, mabele le lebelebele di ile tsa tlwaela mo makgolong a dingwaga go emelana le komelelo le disenyi ka tlhago. Baagi ba tsamaisa dibanka tsa peo tsa selegae go abelana mefuta e e thata e gore mongwe le mongwe a nne le dijalo tse di tshwanelang maemo a bosa a selegae a bona a a fetogang.<ref name=":32" /> Gape ba dira dijalo tse di farologaneng, se se rayang go jala dijalo tse di farologaneng go bapa le tse dingwe, jaaka mmidi o o nang le dinawa tsa kgomo.<ref name=":33" /> Dinawa tse di nang le matlhare di dira moriti mo mmung go o boloka o le bongola, go netefatsa gore le fa mmidi o ka swa ka ntlha ya mogote, malapa a santse a na le sejalo sa tlaleletso go se roba. == Setšhaba le setso == === Go tlhoka tekatekano mo patlisisong ya seemo sa bosa === Le fa Aforika e tlile go nna nngwe ya karolo kgolo ya Lefatshe e e naleng mafatshe a mantsi mo teng tse di amiwang thata ke phetogo ya seemo sa bosa, go tlhoka tekatekano go go rulagantsweng le go tlhoka tekatekano go gongwe go go amanang le dipatlisiso tsa saense le matlole go raya gore bonnye fela jwa saense e e gatisitsweng ka ga phetogo ya seemo sa bosa le matlole a dipatlisiso tsa seemo sa bosa ke a borasaense ba Aforika.<ref name=":35">"[https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-the-lack-of-diversity-in-climate-science-research Analysis: The lack of diversity in climate-science research]". ''Carbon Brief''. 5 October 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.</ref> Tshekatsheko ya madi a dipatlisiso go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1990 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2020 a phetogo ya seemo sa bosa, e fitlhetse gore karolo ya masome a supa le borobabobedi mo lekgolong ya dipatlisiso tsa madi a dipatlisiso ka ga phetogo ya seemo sa bosa mo Aforika a ne a dirisiwa mo ditheong tsa Yuropa le Bokone jwa Amerika mme go le gontsi go ne ga dirisiwa mo dikoloning tsa pele tsa lefatshe la Britain go feta mafatshe a mangwe.<ref>Overland, Indra; Fossum Sagbakken, Haakon; Isataeva, Aidai; Kolodzinskaia, Galina; Simpson, Nicholas Philip; Trisos, Christopher; Vakulchuk, Roman (14 September 2022). [[doi:10.1080/17565529.2021.1976609|"Funding flows for climate change research on Africa: where do they come from and where do they go?"]]. ''Climate and Development''. '''14''' (8): 705–724. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022CliDe..14..705O 2022CliDe..14..705O]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/17565529.2021.1976609|10.1080/17565529.2021.1976609]]. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:11250/2832233|11250/2832233]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]]&#x20;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244210557 244210557].</ref> Mokgwa o wa [[:en:Parachute_science|saense ya diparachute]], ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe ka bobedi o thibela babatlisisi ba selegae go dira tiro e e kgolo, ka gonne ga ba na matlole a ditiro tsa ditekelelo mme o fokotsa peeletso mo megopolong ya babatlisisi ba selegae le mo ditlhogong tse di botlhokwa mo Borwa jwa Lefatshe Lotlhe, jaaka [[:en:Climate_change_adaptation|go tlwaela phetogo ya]] [[:en:Climate_change_adaptation|seemo sa bosa]].<ref name=":35" /> Ditshekatsheko tse di nepagetseng tsa go tswelela di gwetlha ka ntlha ya go tlhoka matlhomeso a dipeeletso tse di tswelelang, mmogo le dithibelo tsa tshedimosetso le bokgoni jwa botsamaisi. Ga jaana, a a kwa tlase ga halofo ya matlole a a kwa godimo a phenšene a Aforika a bega tshedimosetso ka ga dipholisi tsa tsweletso le tiragatso.<ref>European Investment Bank (2022). Unlocking Sustainable Private Sector Growth in the Middle East and North Africa. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1596/37601|10.1596/37601.]] [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:20.500.12657/57821|20.500.12657/57821.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-861-5220-7|978-92-861-5220-7]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:250211092 250211092].[page needed]</ref><ref name=":20" /> [[:en:United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development|Bokopano jwa Ditšhabakopano ka ga Kgwebisano le Tlhabololo]] - Maemo a Boditšhabatšhaba a Boikarabelo le Pegelo (UNCTAD-ISAR) e tlhomile Tirisanommogo ya Kgaolo ya Aforika ya Tsweletsopele le Pegelo ya SDG ka ngwaga wa 2022. Tirisanommogo e na le maloko a le masome a mararo go tloga ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ka ngwaga wa 2023, go akaretsa le mafaratlhatlha a bosetšhaba a dikompone tsa loago/ maikarabelo a loago a dikompone le/ kgotsa ditona go tswa ka mafatsheng a le masome a mabedi le bosupa a Aforika.<ref name=":20" /><ref>"[https://unctad.org/isar/meeting/african-regional-partnership-meeting-sustainability-and-sdg-reporting African Regional Partnership meeting on sustainability and SDG reporting]". ''UN Trade and Development''. Retrieved 31 October 2023.</ref><ref>[https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/osg2023d1_en.pdf "UNCTAD ANNUAL REPORT 2022"] (PDF).</ref> == Bona gape == * [[:en:Ecotourism_in_Africa|Bojanala jwa tikologo mo Aforika]] * [[:en:Water_scarcity_in_Africa|Tlhaelo ya metsi mo Aforika]] == Metswedi == efhpnbqwr4ro4wqax8zhkaww8bqekmh 0 8698 56994 36983 2026-11-02T13:17:14Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 56994 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Koppen-Geiger_Map_Africa_present.svg|thumb|Mafelo a tlelaemete ya Afrika, a a bontshang pharologano ya ikholoji fa gare ga Sekaka sa Sahara (se sehibidu), tlelaemate e e mogote ya Sahel (se se namune) le tlelaemelo ya boboatsatsi ya Afrika Bogare le Bophirima (botala jwa loapi). Aforika Borwa e na le phetogo go ya go tlelaemete ya boboatsatsi le ya tlelaememete ya magareng (botala le serolwana), le dikgaolo tse dingwe tsa sekaka kgotsa tse di omeletseng, tse di fa gare ga Namibia, Botswana le Aferika Borwa.]] [[File:Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg|thumb|392x392px|Mmapa wa Afrika o o bontshang go kgaogana ga ikholoji go dikologa Sekaka sa Sahara]] '''Seêmô sa loapi sa Aforika''' se mefuta ê e farologaneng ya seêmo sa loapi ê e tshwanang le seêmô sa loapi sa ekhweitha, seemô sa loapi sa boboatsatsi e e bongola le sê se omileng, seêmô sa loapi sa dipula tsa boboatsatsi, seêmô sê se ômêlêtseng (e e ômêlêtseng le e ômêlêtseng), tlelaemeleme ya sekaka se se bongola sa boboatsatsi le tlelae ya dithaba tsa boboatsatsatsi. Maêmo a bosa a a tsiditsana ga a tlwaelega go ralala kontinentê ntle le kwa mafelông a a kwa godimo thata le go bapa le melelwane. Tota e bile, tlelaemete ya [[Aferika|Afrika]] e fetofetoga thata go ya ka palo ya pula go na le dithemperetšha, tsê di nnang di le kwa godimo. Dikaka tsa Aforika ke dikarolo tsê di nang le letsatsi le tse di omileng thata mo kontinenteng, ka ntlha ya go nna teng ga dithaba tsa boboatsatsi tse di nang da moya o o kwa tlase, o o mogote, o o omileng. Afrika e na le direkoto tse dintsi tse di amanang le mogote: kontinente e na le kgaolô e e mogote go di gaisa tsotlhe ngwaga otlhe, mafelo a a nang le tlelaemete e e mogota go di gaisa tsa selemô, nakô e e kwa godimo ya letsatsi, le tse dingwe. == Dithemperetšha == [[Setshwantsho:Africa_temperature.png|left|thumb|Palogare ya kgwedi le kgwedi le themperetšha e e kwa tlase ya kwa ntle le ya mo teng ga ntlo go ralala Afrika]] Mo lefatsheng lotlhe, go gotela ga lefatshe gaufi le ekhweitha go dira gore go nne le go tlhatlogela kwa godimo thata le go tsamaisiwa ga metsi go bapa le kgogometso ya dipula tsa pula kgotsa Intertropical Convergence Zone. Go farologana ga kgogometso e e gaufi le ekhweitha go dira gore moya o tlhatlogele kwa godimo le go tswa mo ekhweitha kwa godimo. Fa e ntse e ya kwa Mid-Latitudes, mowa o a tsidifala le go nwela, se se dirang gore o wele kwa tlase gaufi le 30th parallel of both hemispheres. Tsamaiso eno e itsege jaaka sele ya Hadley mme e dira gore go nne le mokgokolosa wa boboatsatsi. Bontsi jwa dikaka tsa lefatshe di bakiwa ke mafelo a a nang le kgatelelo e e kwa godimo ya tlelaemete, go akaretsa le Sekaka sa Sahara. themperetšha e mogote thata mo dikgaolong tsa Sahara tsa Algeria le Mali, mme e tsididi thata kwa borwa le kwa bogodimong jwa lefatshe mo dikarolong tsa botlhaba le bokonebophirima jwa kontinente. Themperetšha e e bothitho go gaisa mo lefatsheng e kwa Dallol, Ethiopia, e e nang le themperetšha ya 33.9 °C (93.0 °F) ngwaga otlhe. Themperetšha e e kwa godimo go gaisa e e neng ya begiwa mo Afrika, e gape e neng e le rekoto ya lefatshe, e ne e le 57.8 °C (136.0 °F) kwa 'Aziziya, Libya, ka 13 Lwetse 1922. Moragonyana go ne ga lemogiwa gore seno ga se boammaaruri, ka gonne thermometer e ne e sa bala sentle. Lefelo le le mogote thata mo lefatsheng ke Death Valley, kwa California. Themperetšha e e bonalang, e e amanang le themperetšha le bongola, go bapa le lotshitshi lwa Lewatle le Lehibidu kwa Eritrea le lotshitshi lwa Kgogometso ya Aden kwa Somalia e fa gare ga 57 °C (135 °F) le 63 °C (145 °F) mo diureng tsa thapama. Themperetšha e e kwa tlase e e neng ya lekanngwa mo Afrika e ne e le -24 °C (-11 °F) kwa Ifrane, Morocco, ka 11 Tlhakole 1935. Le fa go ntse jalo, karolo e kgolo ya Afrika e na le mogote o o feteletseng mo e ka nnang ngwaga otlhe, segolobogolo kwa dikakeng, kwa dikarolong tse e seng tsa sekaka, kwa dithabeng tse di se nang metsi le kwa dithabeng tse di dithaba. Go ka twe dikaka tsa Afrika ke mafelo a a mogote thata mo lefatsheng, segolobogolo Sahara le Danakil, tse di kwa karolong e e kwa bokone jwa Afrika. == Phefo == Mokgatsha o o kwa botlhaba jwa Afrika o tsewa o na le seabe se se botlhokwa mo dipula tsa pula tsa borwabophirima jwa Afrika, mme o thusa go bopa makhubu a boboatsatsi a a tsamayang go kgabaganya Atlantic ya boboatsatsi le karolo ya botlhaba ya Pacific ka paka e e bothitho.<ref>[[Kerry H. Cook|Cook, Kerry H.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200226084709/https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/1520-0442%281999%29012%3C1165%3AGOTAEJ%3E2.0.CO%3B2 "Generation of the African Easterly Jet and Its Role in Determining West African Precipitation".] Retrieved 8 May 2008.</ref><ref>[[Chris Landsea|Landsea, Chris]]. ''AOML Frequently Asked Questions''. [http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/A4.html "Subject: A4) What is an easterly wave?"] Retrieved 8 May 2008.</ref> Jet e bontsha go sa tlhomamang ga barotropic le baroclinic, go go tlhagisang go kgoreletsega ga selekanyo sa synoptic, go ya kwa bophirima mo jet e e itsegeng jaaka makhubu a botlhaba jwa Afrika, kgotsa makhubu ya boboatsatsi. Palo e nnye ya ditsuatsue tsa mesoscale tse di tsentsweng mo makhubung ano di fetoga ditsuatsane tsa boboatsatsi morago ga go fuduga go tswa kwa bophirima jwa Afrika go ya kwa Atlantic ya boboatsatsi, bogolo jang ka kgwedi ya Phatwe le Lwetse. Fa jet e le kwa borwa jwa se se tlwaelegileng ka dikgwedi tse di kwa godimo tsa paka ya kgwanyape ya Atlantic, go bopega ga kgwanyape kwa boboatsatsi go a thibelwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/special_summaries/97_4/fig7.gif|last=Climate Prediction Center|title=Figure 7|access-date=2011-02-05|date=November 1997|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> == Tlhatlogo ya metsi == [[Setshwantsho:Africa_Precipitation_Map.svg|thumb|249x249px|Mmêpê wa kgamogo ya lefatshe ]] Dikarolo tse dikgolo tsa Aforika Bokone le Aforika Borwa gammogo le Horn ya Aforika yotlhe di na le tlelaemete e e mogote ya sekaka, kgotsa tlelaemelo e e mogota e e omeletseng mo mafelong a a bongola. Sekaka sa Sahara kwa Bokone jwa Aforika ke sekaka se se mogote go gaisa mo lefatsheng mme ke nngwe ya mafelo a a mogote, a a omileng le a a nang le letsatsi mo Lefatsheng. Kwa borwa jwa Sahara go na le sekaka se se tshesane se se bidiwang Sahel, fa mafelo a a kwa borwa jwa Afrika a na le dipoa tsa savanna, mme karolo ya bogare e na le dikgaolo tsa dikgwa tse di kitlaneng (dikgwa tsa pula). Kgaolo ya ekhweitha e e gaufi le Intertropical Convergence Zone ke karolo e e bongola thata ya kontinente. Ngwaga le ngwaga, pula e e kgabaganyang kontinente e ya kwa bokone go ya kwa Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara ka Phatwe, mme e bo e boela kwa borwa go ya kwa borwa-bogare jwa Afrika ka Mopitlwe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jisao.washington.edu/data/ud/africa/|publisher=[[University of Washington]]|title=Africa Rainfall Climatology|last=Mitchell, Todd|date=October 2001|access-date=2010-01-02|archive-date=2014-09-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904082933/http://jisao.washington.edu/data/ud/africa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mafelo a a nang le tlelaemete ya sekgwa mo Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara, jaaka Ghana, Burkina Faso, Darfur, Eritrea, Ethiopia, le [[Botswana]] a na le paka e e tlhomologileng ya dipula.<ref>Vandervort, David (2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090304221515/http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/sudan-feature-060707 "Darfur: getting ready for the rainy season".] International Committee of the Red Cross. Retrieved 6 February 2009.</ref><ref>Mebrhatu, Mehari Tesfazgi; M. Tsubo, and Sue Walker (2004). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190615073206/http://www.cropscience.org.au/icsc2004/poster/2/6/580_mebrhatumt.htm "A Statistical Model for Seasonal Rainfall Forecasting over the Highlands of Eritrea".] ''New directions for a diverse planet: Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress''. Retrieved 8 February 2009.</ref><ref>Alex Wynter (2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090909140129/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/fromthefield/218536/123391195425.htm Ethiopia: March rainy season "critical" for southern pastoralists.] Thomson Reuters Foundation. Retrieved on 6 February 2009.</ref><ref>''The Voice'' (2009). [http://allafrica.com/stories/200901270599.html "Botswana: Rainy Season Fills Up Dams".] ''allAfrica.com''. Retrieved 6 February 2009.</ref> El Nino e felela ka maemo a a omileng go feta a a tlwaelegileng mo Afrika Borwa go tloga ka Sedimonthole go fitlha ka Phatwe, le maemo a a bongola go feta a tlwaelegang mo Afrika Botlhaba ya ekhweitha mo nakong e e tshwanang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO1010/S00173/la-nina-weather-likely-to-last-for-months.htm|title=La Niña Weather Likely to Last for Months &#124; Scoop News}}</ref> == Kapoko le dikgapetla tsa aese == [[Setshwantsho:Atlas_Mountains_snow_cover.jpg|right|thumb|Kapoko mo Dithabeng tsa Atlas kwa Morocco]] Kapoko e diragala mo e ka nnang ngwaga le ngwaga mo dithabeng dingwe tsa Aforika Borwa, go akaretsa tsa Cedarberg le go dikologa Ceres kwa South-Western Cape, le kwa Drakensberg kwa Natal le [[Lesotho]]. Tiffendell Resort, kwa Drakensberg, ke yone fela lefelo la kgwebo la go relela mo kapokong mo Aforika Borwa, mme e na le "bokgoni jo bo gatetseng pele jwa go dira kapoko" jo bo letlelelang go relela ka dikgwedi di le tharo tsa ngwaga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tiffindell.co.za/skiing_and_snowboarding|title=Skiing and Snowboarding|last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|website=Tiffendell|access-date=16 February 2014}}</ref> Mountain Club of South Africa (MCSA) le Mountain and Ski Club (MSC) tsa Yunibesithi ya Cape Town ka bobedi di na le matlwana a go relela mo dithabeng tsa Hex River.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mountainandski.com/|title=UCT Mountain and Ski Club|access-date=16 February 2014|archive-date=3 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603113910/http://www.mountainandski.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Go relela mo kapokong go akaretsa go relela mo aeseng kwa Cape ke selo se se sa itumediseng, go ya ka nako ya go wa ga kapoko, le gore a go na le kapoko e e lekaneng go khurumetsa matlapa.{{Excerpt|Climate change in Africa}} * [[Karolo:Seemo sa loapi sa Aferika]] [[Karolo:Climate of Afrika]] 678uul2egwfdi8i4f0hldyu3ysa37ij 0 9537 56996 36146 2026-11-02T14:06:16Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 11 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 56996 wikitext text/x-wiki Sophia wa Prussia (Sophie Dorothea Ulrike Alice, Greek: Σοφία Δωροθέα Ουλρίκη Αλίκη, romanized: Sofía Dorothéa Oulríki Alíki; 14 Seetebosigo 1870 - 13 Hirikgong ka ngwaga wa 1932) e ne e le Kgosigadi ya Gerika go tloga ka 1913 go fitlha ka 1917 le go tloga ka 1920 go fitlha ka 1922 jaaka mosadi wa Kgosi Constantine I. {{Infobox royalty|image=Sophia of Prussia.jpg|caption=Official photograph, 1913|succession1=[[Queen consort of the Hellenes]]|birth_date={{Birth date|1870|6|14|df=y}}|birth_place=[[New Palace (Potsdam)|New Palace]], [[Potsdam]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]]|death_date={{Death date and age|1932|1|13|1870|6|14|df=y}}|death_place=[[Frankfurt]], [[Hesse-Nassau]], [[Free State of Prussia]], [[Weimar Republic]]|burial_date=16 January 1932|place of burial=Greek Orthodox Church, [[Florence]], [[Italy]] <br/> 22 November 1936 <br/>Royal Cemetery, [[Tatoi Palace]], Greece|consort=yes|issue={{plainlist| * [[George II, King of Greece]] * [[Alexander, King of Greece]] * [[Helen, Queen Mother of Romania]] * [[Paul, King of Greece]] * [[Princess Irene, Duchess of Aosta|Irene, Queen of Croatia and Duchess of Aosta]] * [[Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark|Princess Katherine, Lady Brandram]]}}|full name=Sophie Dorothea Ulrike Alice|house=[[Hohenzollern]]|father=[[Frederick III, German Emperor]]|mother=[[Victoria, Princess Royal]]|religion=[[Greek Orthodox]]<br/>previously [[Lutheran]]|reign1=18 March 1913 – {{nowrap|11 June 1917}}|reign2=19 December 1920 – {{nowrap|27 September 1922}}}} E re ka e ne e le leloko la Ntlo ya Ba-Hohenzollern e bile e le ngwana wa ga Frederick III, Mmusimogolo wa Jeremane, Sophia o ne a rutwa ka tsela e e neng e bontsha gore o rata bodumedi jwa gagwe e bile o ne a rata le go rata batho ba ba buang Seesemane, mme a rutiwa ke mmaagwe e bong Victoria, Kgosigadi ya Segosi. Ka 1889, mo e ka nnang ngwaga morago ga loso lwa ga rraagwe, o ne a nyala ntsalae wa boraro e bong Constantine, yo e neng e le moruaboswa wa setulo sa bogosi sa Gerika. Morago ga go tlwaela botshelo jwa kwa nageng e ntšha, Sophia o ne a tshola bana ba le barataro mme a simolola go thusa bahumanegi, a latela dikgato tsa ga matsalaagwe e bong Kgosigadi Olga. Le fa go ntse jalo, e ne e le ka nako ya dintwa tse Greece e neng ya lebana le tsone kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la bo lesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga le kwa tshimologong ya lekgolo la bo masome a mabedi le la dingwaga fa Sophia a ne a bontsha go nna le seabe mo ditirong tsa loago: o ne a tlhoma dikokelo tsa kwa nageng, a okamela go thapisiwa ga baoki ba Bagerika, le go alafa masole a a gobetseng. Le fa go ntse jalo, Sophia ga a ka a duelelwa ditiro tsa gagwe, tota le fa mmemogolo wa gagwe e bong Kgosigadi Victoria a ne a mo tlotlomatsa ka Sefapaano se Sehibidu sa Segosi morago ga Ntwa ya Malatsi a le Masome a Mararo: Bagerika ba ne ba tshwaya diphoso dikamano tsa gagwe le Jeremane. Morwarragwe yo mogolo, e bong Mmusimogolo wa Jeremane e bong William II, e ne e le tsala ya Mmusomogolo wa Ottoman mme o ne a ganetsa ka tlhamalalo go agiwa ga Kakanyo ya Megali, e e neng e ka dira gore go nne le puso ya Gerika e e neng e tla akaretsa mafelo otlhe a a neng a nniwa ke Bagerika. Ka nako ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe I, kamano e e neng e le teng fa gare ga ga Sophia le Mmusimogolo le yone e ne ya tsosa dipelaelo tsa Lekgotla la Ba-Triple Entente, le le neng la tshwaya Constantine I phoso ka go bo a ne a sa tseye letlhakore mo ntweng. Morago ga go thibela Gerika le go ema nokeng puso ya motsuolodi ya ga Eleftherios Venizelos, e e neng ya baka Kgaogano ya Setšhaba, Fora le ditsala tsa yone ba ne ba tlosa Constantine mo setulong ka Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa 1917. Morago ga moo, Sophia le lelapa la gagwe ba ne ba tshabela kwa Switzerland. Morwa wa bobedi wa ga Sophia e bong Alexander, o ne a tlhatlhama rraagwe mo setulong sa bogosi. Ka nako e e tshwanang, Gerika e ne ya tsena mo ntweng mmogo le Triple Entente, e leng se se neng sa dira gore e gole thata. Morago ga go runya ga Ntwa ya Gerika le Turkey ka ngwaga wa 1919 le loso lwa pele ga nako lwa ga Alexander mo ngwageng o o latelang, Ba-Venizel ba ne ba tlogela go busa, ba letla lelapa la segosi go boela kwa Athena. Le fa go ntse jalo, go fenngwa ga masole a Gerika kgatlhanong le masole a Turkey a ga Mustafa Kemal go ne ga pateletsa Constantine gore a tlogele bogosi ka ngwaga wa 1922, mme ka nako eo morwawe yo mogolo o ne a nna Kgosi George II. Sophia le lelapa la gagwe ba ne ba patelediwa go ya botshwarwa gape, mme ba ya go nna kwa Italy, koo Constantine a neng a tlhokafala teng ngwaga moragonyana, ka ngwaga ka 1923. Fa Repaboliki e ne e tlhongwa kwa Athena mo ngwageng o o latelang, Sophia o ne a fetsa dingwaga tsa gagwe tsa bofelo a na le ba lelapa la gagwe, pele a tlhokafala ka ntlha ya kankere kwa Jeremane ka ngwaga wa 1932 a na le dingwaga di le masome a marataro le bongwe. == Botshelo jwa gagwe == '''Kgosigadi wa Prussia le Germany''' '''Go tsholwa mo maemong a thata''' Kgosigadi Sophie o belegetswe kwa Neues Palais kwa Potsdam, Prussia, ka lesome le bone Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa 1870.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> jaaka morwadia Frederick William, Kgosana ya Prussia, le Victoria, Kgosigadi ya Royal ya United Kingdom. Kgosana e ne e le morwa wa ga Kgosi William I wa Prussia, mme Kgosigadi e ne e le ngwana yo mogolo wa ga Kgosigadi Victoria le Kgosana Albert. Frederick William le Victoria e ne e setse e le batsadi ba lelapa le legolo mme jaaka ngwana wa bofelo, Sophie o ne a le monnye ka dingwaga di le lesome le bongwe go feta mogolowe, yo e neng e tla nna William II wa Jeremane. Batsadi ba ga Sophie ba ne ba atamalane thata, mo maikutlong le mo go tsa dipolotiki. E re ka e ne e le balweladiphetogo ba ba tlhoafetseng, ba ne ba nna kgakala le kgotla ya kwa Berlin mme ba ne ba bogisiwa ke maano a a neng a dirwa ke mokanseleri wa kwa Jeremane yo o neng a le kelotlhoko thata, Otto von Bismarck, le maloko a Ntlo ya ga Hohenzollern.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Família de Frederico III da Prússia.jpg|thumb|Kgosigadi Sophie le batsadi ba gagwe le bomonnawe. Go tswa kwa molemeng go ya kwa mojeng: Kgosana Heinrich, Kgosana Victoria, Kgosana Frederick William le Kgosana Margaret, Kgosana Wilhelm le Kgosana Charlotte. (ba dutse go tswa kwa molemeng go ya kwa mojeng) Kgosana Victoria, Kgosana Sophie le Kgosana Waldemar. 1875]] Beke morago ga go tsholwa ga ga Sophie, kgetsi e e amanang le go tlhatlhama setulo sa bogosi sa Spain<ref>On 21 June 1870 Madrid offered the Spanish throne to Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern, a distant cousin of William I of Prussia. The Second French Empire immediately declared its opposition to the project and Prince Leopold eventually declined the offer. Bismarck, however, took this opportunity to force France to declare war on Prussia. Aware of the Prussian military superiority, the Chancellor was indeed convinced that they could defeat the French and in this way finished the Unification of Germany.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold,_Prince_of_Hohenzollern]</ref> e ne ya senya dikamano tsa Fora le Prussia. Go sa utlwane ga Paris le Berlin go ne ga nna maswe le go feta fa Bismarck a sena go gatisa The Ems Telegram ka Phukwi a lesome le boraro ,ka ngwaga wa 1870. Malatsi a le marataro morago ga moo, puso ya Fora e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Mmusimogolo Napoleon III e ne ya bolela gore e lwa le Prussia mme dinaga tsa German Confederation di ne tsa ema Prussia nokeng, e ka nako eo e neng e lebega e le yone e tlhasetsweng ke puso ya Bafora. E ne e le mo maemong ano a a thata fa Sophie a ne a kolobediwa mo kgweding e e latelang, le mororo banna botlhe ba ba neng ba le teng ba ne ba apere diaparo tsa sesole, ka gonne Fora e ne e tlhaotse Prussia. Mmaagwe Sophie o ne a tlhalosetsa Kgosigadi Victoria jaana ka tiragalo eo: "Kolobetso e ne ya tsamaya sentle, mme e ne e le tiragalo e e hutsafatsang le e e masisi; difatlhego tse di tshwenyegileng le matlho a a tletseng dikeledi, le go nna le maikutlo a go hutsafala le go akanya ka masetlapelo otlhe a a neng a larile kwa pele go ne ga dira gore mokete ono o o neng o tshwanetse go nna wa boitumelo le go leboga o se ka wa nna monate" Le fa go ntse jalo, ntwa eno e ne ya tsaya dikgwedi di le mmalwa fela e bile e ne ya felela ka gore Jeremane e fenye ka tsela e e gakgamatsang, e leng se se neng sa dira gore rremogolo wa ga Sophie e bong William I a tlhomiwe go nna mmusimogolo wa ntlha wa Jeremane ka Hirikgong ,lesome le boferabobedi ka ngwaga wa 1871.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> '''Thuto ya go rata puo ya Seesemane''' Sophie o ne a itsege jaaka "Sossy" ka nako ya bongwana jwa gagwe (leina le ne le akanywa gore le tlhophetswe ka gonne le ne le tsamaisana le "Mossy", leina la ga kgaitsadie yo mmotlana Margaret). [[Setshwantsho:Princess Sophia of Prussia.jpg|thumb|Princess Sophia of Prussia, 1887.]] Bana ba lelapa la Kgosana ba ne ba kgaoganngwa ka dingwaga tse pedi: William, Charlotte, le Henry ba ba neng ba ratiwa ke borraabonemogolo ba bone, fa Viktoria, Sophie le Margaret ba ne ba tlhokomologiwa ke bone. <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Bana ba bangwe ba babedi ba ga Sophie, Sigismund le Waldemar, ba ne ba tlhokafala ba sa le bannye (Sigismund o ne a tlhokafala pele ga a tsholwa, mme Waldemar fa a ne a na le dingwaga di le 11 mme ene a le 8); seno se ne sa dira gore Kgosigadi le bomorwadie ba bararo ba ba botlana ba atamalane thata, a ba bitsa "basetsana ba me ba bararo ba ba botsalano" le "tharo ya me". <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Kgosigadi e e neng e beilwe setulo sa bogosi, e e neng e dumela gore dilo tsotlhe tsa Seesemane di gaisa tse dingwe, e ne ya dira gore bana ba yone ba dirise nako ya fa e ne e le ngwana. Sophie o godisitswe a rata Engelane thata mme ka ntlha ya seo, o ne a nna a etela nkokoagwe e bong Kgosigadi Victoria, yo a neng a mo rata.<ref>"She [the Queen] is so nice to kiss you cannot think," Sophia said at age 11.</ref>Sophie o ne a tlhola a nna nako e telele kwa Engelane, segolobogolo kwa Isle of Wight, kwa a neng a rata go kgobokanya dikgapetla le bomogoloe.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> E re ka gantsi rremogolo le mmèmogolo wa ga Sophie ba ne ba sa mo rate, batsadi ba gagwe le mmèmogolo wa gagwe ba ne ba mo thusa thata fa a ne a sa ntse a gola. Fa e ne e sa ntse e le mosetsanyana o ne a rata Kgosigadi Victoria thata mo e leng gore Kgosigadi e ne e sa okaoke go tlogela morwadie ka nako e telele a tlhokometswe ke nkokoagwe.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Kwa Jeremane, Sophie o ne a nna le batsadi ba gagwe mo matlong a mabedi a magolo: Kronprinzenpalais kwa Berlin, le Neues Palais kwa Potsdam.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Fela jaaka bokgaitsadie Viktoria le Margaret, o ne a le gaufi thata le batsadi ba gagwe mme kamano ya bone e ne ya nna gaufi thata morago ga loso ka 1879 lwa ga Waldemar, morwa yo a neng a mo rata thata wa banyalani ba Kgosana ya Korone. <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> '''Go kopana le Constantine le go beeletsana''' [[Setshwantsho:1888-09 Wilhelm Höffert Princess Sophie of Prussia and Constantine, Duke of Sparta.jpg|thumb|Princess Sophie of Prussia and Constantine, Duke of Sparta]] Ka 1884, Constantine, Kgosana ya Gerika, o ne a tshwara dingwaga di le lesome le borataro mme puso e ne ya bolela gore o setse a godile. Morago ga moo o ne a fiwa sereto sa go nna Duke wa Sparta.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref><ref>Mateos Sainz de Medrano, Ricardo (2004). ''La Familia de la Reina Sofía : La Dinastía griega, la Casa de Hannover y los reales primos de Europa'' (in Spanish). Madrid: La Esfera de los Libros. ISBN <bdi>84-9734-195-3</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)]</ref>Ka bonako morago ga moo, Constantine o ne a fetsa katiso ya gagwe ya sesole kwa Jeremane, koo a neng a fetsa dingwaga tse pedi tse di feletseng a na le morutisi wa gagwe, Dr. Lüders. O ne a direla mo Prussian Guard, a tsaya dithuto tsa go palama dipitse kwa Hanover mme a ithuta saense ya dipolotiki kwa diyunibesithing tsa Heidelberg le Leipzig. Morago ga go nna lobaka lo loleele kwa Engelane a keteka Jubilee ya gauta ya ga nkokoagwe, Sophie o ne a tlwaelana botoka le Constantine ka selemo sa 1887. Kgosigadi e ne ya lebelela kamano ya bone e e ntseng e gola, e kwala jaana: "A go na le tshono ya gore Sophie a nyale Tino? Go ka nna molemo thata mo go ene, ka gonne o molemo tota". <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref>Kgosigadi Victoria le ene o ne a solofela gore Sophie o tla nna le lenyalo le le molemo, ka gonne o ne a mo tsaya e le morwadie yo montle go gaisa botlhe Ka nako ya fa a ne a le kwa kgotleng ya Hohenzollern kwa Berlin a emela Bogosi jwa Gerika kwa phitlhong ya Mmusimogolo William I ka Mopitlwe 1888,<ref>Driault, Édouard; Lhéritier, Michel (1926). ''Histoire diplomatique de la Grèce de 1821 à nos jours : La Grèce et la Grande Guerre - De la Révolution turque au traité de Lausanne (1908-1923)'' (in French). Vol. V. PUF.[https://web.archive.org/web/20150428173641/http://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/search/?dtab=m&search_type=simple&search_help=&display_mode=overview&wf_step=init&show_hidden=0&number=10&keep_number=10&cclterm1=Histoire+diplomatique+de+la+Gr%C3%A8ce&cclterm2=&cclterm3=&cclterm4=&cclterm5=&cclterm6=&cclterm7=&cclterm8=&cclfield1=term&cclfield2=&cclfield3=&cclfield4=&cclfield5=&cclfield6=&cclfield7=&cclfield8=&cclop1=&cclop2=&cclop3=&cclop4=&cclop5=&cclop6=&cclop7=&isp=&display_help=0&offset=1&search_coll%5Bmetadata%5D=1&&stored_cclquery=&skin=&rss=0&store_query=1&show_form=&old_offset=1&export_method=none&display_mode=detail&ioffset=1&offset=1&number=1&keep_number=10&old_offset=1&search_help=detail]</ref>Constantine o ne a bona Sophie gape. Go ise go ye kae, ba ne ba ratana mme ba nyalana semmuso ka boraro ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa 1888<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref>. Le fa go ntse jalo, mogolowe Sophie e bong William le mosadi wa gagwe e bong Augusta Victoria ba ne ba belaela kamano ya bone. Kgolagano eno e ne e sa tshegediwe ka botlalo mo lelapeng la segosi la Greece: Kgosigadi Olga o ne a bontsha go sa rate go nyalana ka gonne Sophie e ne e le wa Lutere mme Olga o ne a ka rata gore morwawe a nyale Mokeresete wa Orthodox. <ref>Mateos Sainz de Medrano, Ricardo (2004). ''La Familia de la Reina Sofía : La Dinastía griega, la Casa de Hannover y los reales primos de Europa'' (in Spanish). Madrid: La Esfera de los Libros. ISBN <bdi>84-9734-195-3</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-9734-195-3]</ref>Le fa go ne go na le mathata, lenyalo le ne la rulaganyediwa ka Phalane 1889 kwa Athena.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> '''Loso lwa ga Mmusimogolo Frederick III''' [[Setshwantsho:Sophie, Viktoria and Margaret mourning the death of their father.jpg|thumb|Sophie, Viktoria and Margaret mourning the death of their father.]] Le fa go ntse jalo, e ne e le nako e e sa itumediseng mo lelapeng la ga Sophie, ka gonne rraagwe e bong Mmusimogolo Frederick III o ne a swa loso lo lo botlhoko ka ntlha ya kankere ya mometso. Mosadi wa gagwe le bana ba ne ba nna le ene kwa Neues Palais, ba bile ba keteka letsatsi la botsalo la ga Sophie ka go mo naya dimpho tsa dithunya. Frederick o ne a tlhokafala letsatsi le le latelang.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.</ref> Mokaulengwe wa ga Sophie yo mogolo e ne ya nna Mmusimogolo William II. Ka bonako fela o ne a phuruphutsa dilo tsa ga rraagwe ka tsholofelo ya go bona "bosupi jo bo senyang" jwa "ditiro tsa borukhutlhi". <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref>E re ka a ne a itse gore bomorwadie ba bararo ba babotlana ba ne ba ikaegile thata ka ene go feta le fa e le leng pele gore a ba tshegetse mo maikutlong, Kgosigadi Frederick yo jaanong e neng e le motlholagadi o ne a nna a le gaufi le bone: "Ke na le basetsana ba me ba bararo ba ba botsalano - ba a neng a ba rata thata - ba ba nkgomotsang".<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> E re ka a ne a setse a gakgamaditswe ke boikutlo jwa morwawe yo mogolo, Mohumagadi wa Motlholagadi o ne a utlwisitswe botlhoko thata ke lenyalo la ga Sophie le le neng le le gaufi le go fudugela kwa Athene.<ref>In a letter to her mother Queen Victoria, the Dowager Empress wrote: "''... my trio is now [[broken]] and I feel embittered.''" Empress Frederick and Frederick Ponsonby, ''Letters of the Empress Frederick'', Kessinger ed, 2007, pp. 393-[[394]]</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, o ne a amogela boitumelo jwa morwadie mme a ikgomotsa ka go kwalelana le Sophie. Fa gare ga 1889 le 1901, basadi ba babedi ba ne ba ananya makwalo a a seng kwa tlase ga 2,000.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Ka makgetlo a le mmalwa, ba ne ba fitlhelwa mo matlong a ba bangwe, kwa Athena le kwa Kronberg. Dithulaganyo tsa lenyalo la ga Sophie "di ne di sa gakgamatse fa go akanngwa ka tsela e go neng go na le moya wa phitlho ka yone mo legaeng la ga mmaagwe yo e neng e le motlholagadi.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> '''Kgosigadi ya Segosi ya Gerika''' '''O nyalwa ke Bagerika''' [[Setshwantsho:Acropolis of Athens.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Acropolis|Acropolis]] in Athens, Greece]] Ka 27 Diphalane 1889, Sophie o ne a nyala Constantine kwa Athene mo meletlong e mebedi ya bodumedi, e nngwe e le ya botlhe le ya Orthodox mme e nngwe e le ya poraefete le ya Porotesetanta.<ref>The Lutheran service took place in the private Chapel of King George I while the Orthodox ceremony was celebrated in the new Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Cathedral_of_Athens]</ref> E ne e le ba losika lwa boraro go tswa go Paul I wa Russia, le ba losika lwa bobedi ba ba neng ba kgaogantswe ka Frederick William III wa Prussia. Basupi ba ga Sophie e ne e le morwarraagwe e bong Henry le bontsalae e bong Dikgosi Albert Victor le George wa kwa Wales; mo letlhakoreng la ga Constantine, Basupi e ne e le bomorwarraagwe e bong Dikgosi George le Nicholas le ntsalae e bong Tsarevich wa kwa Russia. <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref>Lenyalo leno (tiragalo ya ntlha e kgolo ya boditšhabatšhaba e e neng ya tshwarelwa kwa Athena) le ne le ratiwa thata ke Bagerika. Maina a banyalani bano a ne a gakolola batho ka tlhamane nngwe ya bogologolo e e neng e bolela gore fa Kgosi Constantine le Kgosigadi Sophia ba ne ba ka nna mo setulong sa bogosi sa Gerika, Constantinople le Hagia Sophia di ne di tla wela mo diatleng tsa Bagerika.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Ka bonako fela morago ga lenyalo la Kgosana ya Motlhatlhami, go ne ga nna le tsholofelo mo bathong ba kwa Greece gore ba tla kgona go diragatsa Kakanyo ya Megali, e leng go kopanya Bagerika botlhe mo pusong e le nngwe.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref><ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)]</ref> Kwa dinageng di sele, lenyalo la ga Constantine le Sophie le ne le sa itumedise batho go le kalo. Kwa Fora, go ne go boifiwa gore go goroga ga kgosigadi ya Prussia kwa Athena go ne go tla dira gore Bogosi jwa Gerika bo tseye letlhakore la Triple Alliance.<ref>This was also the assertion at the time of the French, Italian and Austrian newspapers.</ref> Kwa Berlin, kopano eno e ne e sa ratiwe ke batho ba le bantsi: Tota dikgatlhego tsa Jeremane di ne di le botlhokwa mo Mmusomogolong wa Ottoman mme Mmusi o ne a sa ikaelela go thusa Gerika fela ka gonne kgosana ya segosi ya Gerika e ne e le mogwe wa gagwe yo mosha.<ref>Driault, Édouard; Lhéritier, Michel (1926). ''Histoire diplomatique de la Grèce de 1821 à nos jours : La Grèce et la Grande Guerre - De la Révolution turque au traité de Lausanne (1908-1923)'' (in French). Vol. V. PUF.[https://web.archive.org/web/20150428173641/http://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/search/?dtab=m&search_type=simple&search_help=&display_mode=overview&wf_step=init&show_hidden=0&number=10&keep_number=10&cclterm1=Histoire+diplomatique+de+la+Gr%C3%A8ce&cclterm2=&cclterm3=&cclterm4=&cclterm5=&cclterm6=&cclterm7=&cclterm8=&cclfield1=term&cclfield2=&cclfield3=&cclfield4=&cclfield5=&cclfield6=&cclfield7=&cclfield8=&cclop1=&cclop2=&cclop3=&cclop4=&cclop5=&cclop6=&cclop7=&isp=&display_help=0&offset=1&search_coll%5Bmetadata%5D=1&&stored_cclquery=&skin=&rss=0&store_query=1&show_form=&old_offset=1&export_method=none&display_mode=detail&ioffset=1&offset=1&number=1&keep_number=10&old_offset=1&search_help=detail]</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, kwa Athena, moletlo wa lenyalo o ne wa ketekwa ka mokete o mogolo mme wa dira gore go nne le dipontsho tse di gakgamatsang thata tsa diphefo tsa molelo kwa Acropolis le kwa Champ de Mars. Gape go ne ga agiwa ditepisi mo Syntagma Square gore batho ba kgone go bona sentle mokoloko o o neng o tsamaya fa gare ga Royal Palace le Cathedral. <ref>Mateos Sainz de Medrano, Ricardo (2004). ''La Familia de la Reina Sofía : La Dinastía griega, la Casa de Hannover y los reales primos de Europa'' (in Spanish). Madrid: La Esfera de los Libros. ISBN <bdi>84-9734-195-3</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)]</ref>Batho ba ba neng ba sa tswa go nyalana ba ne ba amana le bontsi jwa malapa a segosi a kwa Yuropa, ka jalo baemedi ba malapa otlhe a segosi a mo kontinenteng eno e ne e le karolo ya moletlo ono: Christian IX wa kwa Denmark (rremogolo wa monyadi), Mmusimogolo William II wa kwa Jeremane (morwarraagwe monyadiwa), Kgosana ya kwa Wales (malome wa monyadi le monyadiwa) le Tsarevich wa kwa Russia (malomeagwe monyadi) e ne e le bangwe ba baeng ba tlotlo.<ref>Mateos Sainz de Medrano, Ricardo (2004). ''La Familia de la Reina Sofía : La Dinastía griega, la Casa de Hannover y los reales primos de Europa'' (in Spanish). Madrid: La Esfera de los Libros. ISBN <bdi>84-9734-195-3</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-9734-195-3]</ref> Ka tlholego fela, mmaagwe Sophie le bokgaitsadie le bone ba ne ba le teng kwa moletlong oo.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> Tota e bile, baeng le ba ba neng ba ba eteletse pele ba ne ba le bantsi thata jaana kwa Athena mo Kgosi George I a neng a sa kgone go ba amogela botlhe mo ntlong ya gagwe ya segosi. O ne a tshwanelwa ke go kopa maloko mangwe a mokgatlho wa maemo a a kwa godimo wa Bagerika gore a amogele bangwe ba baeng mo matlong a bone a maemo a a kwa godimo. Ka tsela e e tshwanang, Kgosi e ne e patelesega go adima dipitse le dikara tsa babusiwa ba gagwe gore e tle e kgone go rwala baeng botlhe ka nako ya meletlo. Mo godimo ga moo, George o ne a patelesega go reka diaparo tse dingwe tse dintsi ka lepotlapotla a di rekela batlhanka ba ba neng ba direla baeng.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> '''Go Tlhomelwa kwa Athens''' [[Setshwantsho:Crown Prince Palace Athens 1909.jpg|thumb|The [[:en:Presidential_Mansion,_Athens|Crown Prince's Palace]], Athens]] Kwa Athene, Constantine le Sophia ba ne ba nna mo ntlong e nnye ya bonno ya setaele sa Sefora e e neng e le mo Kifisias Avenue, fa ba ntse ba letetse puso ya Gerika go ba agela legae le lesha, e leng Crown Prince's Palace,<ref>The construction of the palace, led by architect Ernst Ziller, which it financed and completed around 1900. For more details, see:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ziller]</ref> e e neng e le gaufi le Royal Palace. Gape banyalani bano ba ne ba laela gore go agiwe ntlo e nngwe mo setsheng sa segosi sa Tatoi ka gonne Kgosi George I o ne a gana go letlelela gore go dirwe tiro mo ntlong ya segosi.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref>Kwa Athena, Constantine le Sophia ba ne ba tshela botshelo jo bo sa raraanang jo bo neng bo farologane thata le jwa kwa dikgotlatshekelong tse dingwe tsa Yuropa,<ref>The couple's income was fairly modest, but Sophia's marriage contract guaranteed a comfortable existence. The princess did receive from the Kingdom of Prussia a dowry of 50,000 marks and 150,000 marks of paraphernalia. Sophia had also inherited two million marks from her father Emperor Frederick III in 1888. Finally, Constantine received an annual income and King George I guaranteed a comfortable dower.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dower]</ref> mme botshelo jwa kwa Gerika gantsi bo ne bo le monotonous mme Sophia o ne a hutsafalela go nna le mongwe le mongwe, kwantle fela ga basadi ba bagwebi ba motsoko.<ref>Bertin, Célia (1982). ''Marie Bonaparte'' (in French). Paris: Perrin. ISBN <bdi>226201602X</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/226201602X]</ref> Sophia o ne a na le mathata a go tlwaela botshelo jwa gagwe jo bosha. Le fa go ntse jalo, o ne a simolola go ithuta Segerika sa Segompieno (mme a kgona go se bua sentle mo dingwageng di le mmalwa fela)<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> mme o ne a dirisa maeto a gagwe a mantsi a a neng a a tsaya kwa moseja go baakanya le go kgabisa legae la gagwe le lesha.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Pele ga dikgwedi di le robongwe morago ga lenyalo la gagwe, ka 19 Phukwi 1890, Kgosigadi e ne ya tshola ngwana wa gagwe wa ntlha, ngwana wa mosimane yo o neng a tsholwa pele ga nako yo o neng a tewa leina la ga rremogoloagwe e bong George, mme go tsholwa ga gagwe ga se ka ga tsamaya sentle mme thapo ya popelo e ne ya phutlhama mo molaleng wa ngwana, e batlile e mo kgama. Ka lesego la mmè le ngwana, mmelegisi wa Mojeremane yo o neng a rometswe ke Mmusimogolo wa Motlholagadi e bong Victoria go ya go thusa morwadie ka nako ya fa a belega o ne a kgona go rarabolola boemo mme ga go a ka ga nna le ditlamorago tse di botlhoko.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> '''Go Sokologela mo Boorthodox''' Morago ga go belegwa ga morwa wa gagwe wa ntlha, Sophia o ne a swetsa go amogela tumelo ya batho ba gagwe le go sokologela mo tumelong ya Orthodox.<ref>Sophia's conversion was probably motivated because she was obliged to do so under her new family's house [[:en:House_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg#Greece|law]]</ref> Morago ga go kopa le go amogela tshegofatso ya Empress Dowager le Kgosigadi Victoria,<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref>Kgosigadi ya setulo sa bogosi e ne ya itsise bagwagwadiagwe ka maikaelelo a gagwe mme ya kopa Kgosigadi Olga go rutwa ka Orthodox. Lelapa la segosi la kwa Greece le ne le itumeletse dikgang tseno, ka gonne go bolelwa ga go sokologa ga gagwe go ne go tla tuma thata mo gare ga Bagerika mme Kgosi George o ne a gatelela gore Germanus II, Metropolitan wa kwa Athens le tlhogo ya Kereke ya kwa Greece, o ne a tla ruta Sophie tumelo ya Orthodox, go na le mosadi wa gagwe.<ref>Driault, Édouard; Lhéritier, Michel (1926). ''Histoire diplomatique de la Grèce de 1821 à nos jours : La Grèce et la Grande Guerre - De la Révolution turque au traité de Lausanne (1908-1923)'' (in French). Vol. V. PUF.[https://web.archive.org/web/20150428173641/http://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/search/?dtab=m&search_type=simple&search_help=&display_mode=overview&wf_step=init&show_hidden=0&number=10&keep_number=10&cclterm1=Histoire+diplomatique+de+la+Gr%C3%A8ce&cclterm2=&cclterm3=&cclterm4=&cclterm5=&cclterm6=&cclterm7=&cclterm8=&cclfield1=term&cclfield2=&cclfield3=&cclfield4=&cclfield5=&cclfield6=&cclfield7=&cclfield8=&cclop1=&cclop2=&cclop3=&cclop4=&cclop5=&cclop6=&cclop7=&isp=&display_help=0&offset=1&search_coll%5Bmetadata%5D=1&&stored_cclquery=&skin=&rss=0&store_query=1&show_form=&old_offset=1&export_method=none&display_mode=detail&ioffset=1&offset=1&number=1&keep_number=10&old_offset=1&search_help=detail]</ref> Kgosi Olga wa kwa Russia o ne a tsewa ke bangwe ba bosetšhaba ba kwa Greece jaaka "moemedi wa Pan-Slavism" mme Kgosi ka jalo o ne a rata gore Germanus II a netefatse tiro e e neng e ka tlhola mathata mo Koroneng. <ref>Driault, Édouard; Lhéritier, Michel (1926). ''Histoire diplomatique de la Grèce de 1821 à nos jours : La Grèce et la Grande Guerre - De la Révolution turque au traité de Lausanne (1908-1923)'' (in French). Vol. V. PUF.[https://web.archive.org/web/20150428173641/http://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/search/?dtab=m&search_type=simple&search_help=&display_mode=overview&wf_step=init&show_hidden=0&number=10&keep_number=10&cclterm1=Histoire+diplomatique+de+la+Gr%C3%A8ce&cclterm2=&cclterm3=&cclterm4=&cclterm5=&cclterm6=&cclterm7=&cclterm8=&cclfield1=term&cclfield2=&cclfield3=&cclfield4=&cclfield5=&cclfield6=&cclfield7=&cclfield8=&cclop1=&cclop2=&cclop3=&cclop4=&cclop5=&cclop6=&cclop7=&isp=&display_help=0&offset=1&search_coll%5Bmetadata%5D=1&&stored_cclquery=&skin=&rss=0&store_query=1&show_form=&old_offset=1&export_method=none&display_mode=detail&ioffset=1&offset=1&number=1&keep_number=10&old_offset=1&search_help=detail]</ref><ref>Philip Carabott: ''Politics, Orthodoxy and the Language Question in Greece: The Gospel Riots of November 1901'', Journal of Mediterranean Studies, nª 3, 1993, p. 125.</ref> Le fa dikgang tsa go sokologa ga gagwe di ne tsa amogelwa ka kagiso ke bontsi jwa maloko a lelapa la gaabo, Sophia o ne a tshaba gore morwarraagwe e bong William II o ne a tla itshwara jang, yo o neng a tsaya maemo a gagwe a go nna Tlhogo ya Prussian Union of Churches masisi thata mme a tlhoile go tlhoka kutlo go feta sengwe le sengwe.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Sophia le Constantine ba ne ba tsaya loeto go ya kwa Jeremane ka nako ya lenyalo la ga kgaitsadie Viktoria le Kgosana Adolf wa Schaumburg-Lippe ka Ngwanatsele 1890. Kgosigadi e ne ya itsise morwarraagwe ka namana gore e ikaeletse go fetola bodumedi jwa yone. Jaaka go ne go lebeletswe, dikgang tseno di ne tsa kgopisa Mmusimogolo le mosadi wa gagwe, Augusta Victoria yo o neng a rata bodumedi thata. Kgosigadi e ne ya bo ya leka go dira gore mogogwadiagwe a se ka a sokologa, mme seno sa baka kganetsano e e bogale fa gare ga basadi ba babedi. Moragonyana Augusta o ne a bolela gore seno se ne sa dira gore a tshole pele ga nako, mme a tshole ngwana wa gagwe wa borataro, e bong Kgosana Joachim, pele ga nako. Ka nako eo, William o ne a galefile thata mo a neng a tshosetsa Sophia ka gore o tla mo leleka mo lelapeng la segosi la Prussia. E re ka mmaagwe a ne a mo pateletsa go nna le moya wa go leka go dira kagiso, Sophia o ne a feleletsa a kwaletse morwarraagwe lekwalo a mo tlhalosetsa mabaka a go sokologa ga gagwe mme Mmusimogolo o ne a se ka a mo reetsa, mme ka dingwaga di le tharo o ne a thibela kgaitsadie go tsena kwa Jeremane. <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref><ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref>Fa a sena go amogela karabo ya gagwe, Sophie o ne a romelela mmaagwe thelekerama e e reng: "Ke amogetse karabo. O dira se a neng a se bua kwa Berlin. E dira gore e nne dingwaga di le tharo. O ne a galefile. O se ka wa tshwenyega".<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Sophia o ne a sokologa semmuso ka 2 Motsheganong 1891;<ref>Driault, Édouard; Lhéritier, Michel (1926). ''Histoire diplomatique de la Grèce de 1821 à nos jours : La Grèce et la Grande Guerre - De la Révolution turque au traité de Lausanne (1908-1923)'' (in French). Vol. V. PUF.[https://web.archive.org/web/20150428173641/http://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/search/?dtab=m&search_type=simple&search_help=&display_mode=overview&wf_step=init&show_hidden=0&number=10&keep_number=10&cclterm1=Histoire+diplomatique+de+la+Gr%C3%A8ce&cclterm2=&cclterm3=&cclterm4=&cclterm5=&cclterm6=&cclterm7=&cclterm8=&cclfield1=term&cclfield2=&cclfield3=&cclfield4=&cclfield5=&cclfield6=&cclfield7=&cclfield8=&cclop1=&cclop2=&cclop3=&cclop4=&cclop5=&cclop6=&cclop7=&isp=&display_help=0&offset=1&search_coll%5Bmetadata%5D=1&&stored_cclquery=&skin=&rss=0&store_query=1&show_form=&old_offset=1&export_method=none&display_mode=detail&ioffset=1&offset=1&number=1&keep_number=10&old_offset=1&search_help=detail]</ref> le fa go ntse jalo, katlholo ya bogosi e ne ya se ka ya diragadiwa. <ref>The Emperor and his wife considered that Sophia's conversion was responsible for the premature birth of their son Joachim; shortly after William II wrote to his mother that had the baby died, Sophia would have "murdered it."[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Joachim_of_Prussia]</ref>Le fa go ntse jalo, dikamano magareng ga William le Sophia di ne tsa tshwaiwa ke tshwetso ya ga Sophia.Tota e bile, Mmusimogolo e ne e le monna yo o neng a galefile thata mme ga a ise a ko a tlogele go dira gore kgaitsadie a duelele go tlhoka kutlo ga gagwe.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref><ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> '''Tiro ya loago''' Mo botshelong jotlhe jwa gagwe kwa Gerika, Sophia o ne a nna le seabe mo ditirong tsa loago le go thusa batho ba ba sotlegang. Ka go latela dikgato tsa ga Kgosigadi Olga, o ne a etelela pele maiteko a a farologaneng mo lephateng la thuto, dikhitšhini tsa batho botlhe le tlhabololo ya dikokelo le magae a dikhutsana. <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Ka 1896, Kgosigadi e ne ya tlhoma gape le Union of Greek Women, mokgatlho o o neng o le matlhagatlhaga thata mo go thuseng batshabi ba ba tswang kwa Mmusomogolong wa Ottoman. <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref><ref>At that time, the Cretans suffered a violent repression by the Ottoman power, prompting thousands of Cretans to leave their island to seek shelter in Athens. For details, see: Cretan Revolt (1897–1898)[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretan_Revolt_(1897%E2%80%931898)]</ref>Sophia o ne a kgatlhiwa ke temothuo ya ditlhare le go tshwenyega ka melelo e e neng e senya naga ka metlha, gape o ne a kgatlhegela go tsosolosa dikgwa. <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref><ref>Mateos Sainz de Medrano, Ricardo (2004). ''La Familia de la Reina Sofía : La Dinastía griega, la Casa de Hannover y los reales primos de Europa'' (in Spanish). Madrid: La Esfera de los Libros. ISBN <bdi>84-9734-195-3</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-9734-195-3]</ref>Mo godimo ga moo, e ne e le mongwe wa bathei ba Greek Animal Protection Society.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Dömeke Harbi Zonaro.jpg|thumb|''Battle of Domokos'' in Greco-Turkish War of 1897, by [[:en:Fausto_Zonaro|Fausto Zonaro]]]] Le fa go ntse jalo, e ne e le ka nako ya ntwa fa Sophie a ne a bontsha gore o nonofile go feta pele. Ka 1897, fa Ntwa ya Malatsi a le Masome a Mararo e ne e runya, Sophia le maloko a mangwe a basadi a lelapa la segosi ba ne ba dira ka natla le mokgatlho wa Greek Red Cross go thusa masole a a gobetseng. Kwa ntweng ya kwa Thessalia, Kgosigadi e ne ya tlhoma dikokelo tsa masole, ya etela ba ba gobetseng e bile e ne ya tlhokomela le batho ba ba neng ba tlhaselwa mo ntweng. Sophia gape o ne a thusa gore baoki ba Maesemane ba goroge kwa Gerika mme a bo a nna le seabe mo go thapiseng baithaopi ba basadi ba basha go thusa masole a a gobetseng.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Go nna le seabe ga ga Sophia le matsalaagwe mo go thuseng batho ba ba neng ba tlhasetswe ke ntwa (e ka tswa e le ba ba tswang kwa Gerika kgotsa kwa Turkey) go ne go le botlhokwa thata mo e leng gore go ne ga dira gore dikgotlatshekelo tse dingwe tsa Yuropa di ba rate. Jaaka tuelo ya tiro ya bone, basadi ka bobedi ba ne ba kgabisitswe ka Royal Red Cross ke Queen Victoria, ka Sedimonthole 1897. Ka bomadimabe jwa Kgosikgolo, thuso ya gagwe mo masoleng a a gobetseng e ne ya se ka ya anaanelwa thata kwa Greece, koo batho ba neng ba pega lelapa la segosi molato, mme segolobogolo Constantine, yo e neng e le molaodi-mogolo wa sesole sa Greece kwa Thessaly, ka ntlha ya go latlhegelwa ke masole a Ottoman. <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> '''Ditlamorago Tsa Ntwa ya Malatsi a le Masome a Mararo''' Morago ga Ntwa ya Malatsi a le Masome a Mararo, go ne ga nna le mokgatlho o o maatla o o kgatlhanong le puso ya segosi kwa Gerika mme Sophia ka boene o ne a tshwaiwa diphoso. E re ka a ne a nna a batla go otlhaya kgaitsadie ka ntlha ya go tlhoka kutlo, Mmusimogolo William II wa Jeremane o ne a tshegetsa Mmusomogolo wa Ba-Ottoman ka tlhamalalo ka nako ya ntwa mme a dumela go nna motsereganyi fa kgaitsadie, mmaagwe le nkokoagwe ba sena go mo kopa. O ne a batla gore Greece e dumalane le maemo a a tlhabisang ditlhong gore a tle a tsereganye<ref>In addition to withdrawing their troops from Crete, Greece had to officially recognize the independence of the island, a condition that none of the other Great Powers suggested.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretan_State]</ref> mme batho ba ne ba dumela gore o ne a dira jalo ka tumelelo ya kgaitsadie.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref><ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref><ref>Driault, Édouard; Lhéritier, Michel (1926). ''Histoire diplomatique de la Grèce de 1821 à nos jours : La Grèce et la Grande Guerre - De la Révolution turque au traité de Lausanne (1908-1923)'' (in French). Vol. V. PUF.[https://web.archive.org/web/20150428173641/http://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/search/?dtab=m&search_type=simple&search_help=&display_mode=overview&wf_step=init&show_hidden=0&number=10&keep_number=10&cclterm1=Histoire+diplomatique+de+la+Gr%C3%A8ce&cclterm2=&cclterm3=&cclterm4=&cclterm5=&cclterm6=&cclterm7=&cclterm8=&cclfield1=term&cclfield2=&cclfield3=&cclfield4=&cclfield5=&cclfield6=&cclfield7=&cclfield8=&cclop1=&cclop2=&cclop3=&cclop4=&cclop5=&cclop6=&cclop7=&isp=&display_help=0&offset=1&search_coll%5Bmetadata%5D=1&&stored_cclquery=&skin=&rss=0&store_query=1&show_form=&old_offset=1&export_method=none&display_mode=detail&ioffset=1&offset=1&number=1&keep_number=10&old_offset=1&search_help=detail]</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, Sophia e ne e se ene fela yo o neng a atlholwa ke batho. Tota e bile, go ne ga buiwa ka tlhamalalo kwa Athene gore Kgosana ya Motlotlegi e tshwanetse go romelwa fa pele ga kgotlatshekelo ya sesole go mo otlhaya ka ntlha ya go fenngwa ga setšhaba le go tlosa George I mo setulong jaaka go ne go dirilwe pele ka motlhatlhami wa gagwe Otto I.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref>Dibeke di le mmalwa morago ga go saeniwa ga tumelano ya kagiso magareng ga Greece le Ottoman Empire, seemo se ne sa nna thata mo e leng gore kgosi e ne ya tlhaselwa fa e ne e tsamaya ka kariki e e bulegileng le morwadie, Kgosigadi Maria, mme George I o ne a itshireletsa ka bopelokgale mo e leng gore o ne a bona tlotlo e e rileng go tswa go babusiwa ba gagwe. Mo maemong ano a a thata, Constantine le Sophia ba ne ba tlhopha go ya go nna kwa nageng e sele.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref><ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0312324243[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Ka 1898, ba ne ba tlhomiwa kwa Kronberg, mme morago ga moo ba tlhomiwa kwa Berlin. Fa a le koo Constantine o ne a tswelela ka thapiso ya gagwe ya bosole le Mojenerale Colmar von der Goltz mme ka ngwaga o le mongwe, o ne a newa taolo ya setlhopha sa masole a Prussia. Go tshwaya poelano ya bone, Mmusimogolo William II o ne gape a tlhoma Sophia jaaka mokolonele-in-chief wa 3rd (Queen Elisabeth) Guards Grenadiers [de] regiment of the Imperial Guard.[ Banyalani ba ne ba boela kwa Greece ka 1899 mme puso ya ga Georgios Theotokis e ne ya tlhoma Constantine go nna motlhatlhobi-kakaretso wa sesole. Le fa go ntse jalo, go tlhatlosiwa maemo gono go ne ga baka kganetsano mo masoleng, a a neng a sa ntse a tsaya Kgosana e e Tlhomilweng mo Bogosing e le motho yo o neng a ikarabelela thata ka go fenngwa ga bone ka 1897.<ref>Driault, Édouard; Lhéritier, Michel (1926). ''Histoire diplomatique de la Grèce de 1821 à nos jours : La Grèce et la Grande Guerre - De la Révolution turque au traité de Lausanne (1908-1923)'' (in French). Vol. V. PUF.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2747577880]</ref> '''Dintsho tsa mo lapeng''' [[Setshwantsho:Crown Princess Sophia of Greece.jpg|thumb|Sophia, Crown Princess of Greece, ca. 1900]] Fa a ne a boela kwa Gerika le monna wa gagwe, Kgosigadi e ne ya simolola gape tiro ya gagwe ya go thusa batho. Le fa go ntse jalo, o ne a tshwenyegile thata ka botsogo jwa ga mmaagwe le jwa ga nkokoagwe wa Moesemane. Kgosigadi ya Mojeremane e ne e tshwerwe ke kankere ya mabele, e e neng ya dira gore a boge thata.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref><ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> Fa e le ka ga Kgosigadi ya United Kingdom, o ne a atamela dingwaga di le masome a robedi mme ba lelapa la gagwe ba ne ba itse gore bokhutlo bo gaufi mme dingwaga tsa bofelo tsa puso ya gagwe di ne di tshwailwe ke Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Ba-Boer, eo mo go yone United Kingdom e neng ya latlhegelwa thata fa e ne e lebagane le kganetso ya Ba-Afrikaner. Sophia o ne a tshwenyegile ka gore mathata a a neng a itemogelwa ke MaBorithane mo Aforika Borwa a ne a tla koafatsa botsogo jwa ga nkokoagwe jo bo neng bo setse bo le bokoa.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Kgabagare Kgosigadi Victoria o ne a tlhokafala ka ntlha ya go dutla madi mo bobokong ka 22 Ferikgong 1901 kwa Osborne House. E re ka a ne a amilwe thata ke loso lwa kgosi, Sophia o ne a ya kwa United Kingdom kwa phitlhong ya gagwe mme a nna teng kwa moletlong wa bodumedi o o neng o direlwa go mo tlotla kwa Athene le lelapa lotlhe la segosi la kwa Greece.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Dikgwedi di le mmalwa moragonyana, ka selemo sa 1901, Sophie o ne a ya kwa Friedrichshof go ya go tlhokomela mmaagwe, yo botsogo jwa gagwe bo neng bo ntse bo koafala. Fa a ne a le moimana wa dikgwedi di le tlhano, Kgosigadi e ne e itse gore Kgosigadi ya Motlholagadi e a swa mme ene le bokgaitsadie e bong Viktoria le Margaret, ba ne ba tsamaya le ene go fitlha a swa ka August 5. <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref><ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN 0750921471[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref>Mo sebakeng sa dikgwedi di le supa, Sophia o ne a latlhegelwa ke ba losika lwa gagwe ba babedi ba ba neng ba le gaufi thata le ene. Le fa go ntse jalo, go nna mmaagwe go ne ga mo thusa gore a se ka a ikutlwela botlhoko. '''Go menola puso ga ga Goudi le diphelelo tsa gone''' [[Setshwantsho:Map Greece Megali Idea-fr.png|thumb|Map of Greater Greece as proposed at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 by [[:en:Eleftherios_Venizelos|Eleftherios Venizelos]], the leading proponent of the ''Megali Idea'' at the time.]] Kwa Greece, botshelo jwa sepolotiki bo ne jwa nna bo sa tlhomama mo dingwageng tsa ntlha tsa lekgolo la bo 20 la dingwaga mme Kgopolo ya Megali e ne ya tswelela e le selo se se tshwenyang batho thata. Ka 1908, balaodi ba kwa Kereta ba ne ba bolela gore setlhaketlhake sa bone se ne se le mo Bogosing jwa Gerika<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN 0750921471[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> mme ka ntlha ya go tshaba go ipusolosetsa ga Ba-Turkey, puso ya Gerika e ne ya gana go dumela gore setlhaketlhake seno se ne se le mo Bogosing jwa Gerika. Kwa Athene, go nna peloethata ga Kgosi le puso go ne go tshosa, segolobogolo masole. <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> Ka lesome le botlhanno Phatwe 1909, setlhopha sa balaodi se ne sa kopana mo "Lekgotleng la Sesole" (Στρατιωτικός Σύνδεσμος) mme ba rulaganya se se neng se bidiwa Goudi coup. Fa ba ne ba ipolela gore ke balaodi ba puso, maloko a Lekgotla, a eteletswe pele ke Nikolaos Zorbas, a ne a kopa, gareng ga dilo tse dingwe, gore kgosi e leleke morwawe mo sesoleng. <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> Ka semmuso, se e ne e le go sireletsa Kgosana ya setlogolo mo lefufeng le le neng le ka nna teng ka ntlha ya botsalano jwa gagwe le masole mangwe mme nnete e ne e farologane thata: badiredi ba ne ba tswelela go tsaya Kgosana ya setlogolo e le ene a ikarabelelang go fenngwa ga 1897.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Schlosshotel-kronberg002.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Schlosshotel_Kronberg|Schloss Friedrichshof]], former residence of the German Dowager Empress]] Maemo a ne a nna maswe thata mo e leng gore barwa ba ga George I ba ne ba tshwanelwa ke go tlogela ditiro tsa bone tsa sesole go boloka rraabone ditlhong tsa go ba leleka. <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref><ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Ka Lwetse, Kgosana, mosadi wa gagwe le bana ba bone le bone ba ne ba tlhopha go tswa kwa Gerika mme ba ya go batla botshabelo kwa Jeremane kwa Friedrichshof, e jaanong e leng ya ga Kgosigadi Margaret wa Prussia.<ref>Bertin, Célia (1982). ''Marie Bonaparte'' (in French). Paris: Perrin. ISBN <bdi>226201602X</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/226201602X]</ref> <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0312324243[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref>Ka nako e e tshwanang, kwa Athene, go ne ga simololwa dipuisano mo dikarolong dingwe ka ga go tlosiwa ga ntlo ya ga Glücksburg mo setulong sa bogosi go tlhoma repaboliki kgotsa go emisetsa kgosi ka morwa yo e seng wa losika wa ga Otto I, kgosana ya seeng kgotsa ka Kgosana George, le Sophia jaaka mmusi.<ref>Driault, Édouard; Lhéritier, Michel (1926). ''Histoire diplomatique de la Grèce de 1821 à nos jours : La Grèce et la Grande Guerre - De la Révolution turque au traité de Lausanne (1908-1923)'' (in French). Vol. V. PUF.[https://web.archive.org/web/20150428173641/http://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/search/?dtab=m&search_type=simple&search_help=&display_mode=overview&wf_step=init&show_hidden=0&number=10&keep_number=10&cclterm1=Histoire+diplomatique+de+la+Gr%C3%A8ce&cclterm2=&cclterm3=&cclterm4=&cclterm5=&cclterm6=&cclterm7=&cclterm8=&cclfield1=term&cclfield2=&cclfield3=&cclfield4=&cclfield5=&cclfield6=&cclfield7=&cclfield8=&cclop1=&cclop2=&cclop3=&cclop4=&cclop5=&cclop6=&cclop7=&isp=&display_help=0&offset=1&search_coll%5Bmetadata%5D=1&&stored_cclquery=&skin=&rss=0&store_query=1&show_form=&old_offset=1&export_method=none&display_mode=detail&ioffset=1&offset=1&number=1&keep_number=10&old_offset=1&search_help=detail]</ref> Ka Sedimonthole 1909, Mokolonele Zorbas, tlhogo ya Lekgotla la Sesole, o ne a pateletsa George I go mo tlhoma jaaka tlhogo ya puso mo boemong jwa Tonakgolo Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN 0750921471[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> Kgosi e ne ya gana mme puso e ne ya dira diphetogo tse di neng tsa solegela sesole molemo. Badiri ba ne ba rulaganngwa sesha mme ba ba neng ba tshegetsa Kgosana, go akaretsa le Ioannis Metaxas, ba ne ba lelekwa. <ref>Terrades, Marc (2005). ''Le Drame de l'hellénisme : Ion Dragoumis (1878-1920) et la question nationale en Grèce au début du xxe siècle'' (in French). L'Harmattan. ISBN <bdi>2747577880</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2747577880]</ref> Ka nako e e tshwanang, go ne ga bidiwa sesole sa Fora go tla go rulaganya sesha sesole sa Gerika, se se neng sa tshosetsa Sophia le monna wa gagwe, ka gonne ba ne ba thusa go tlhabolola dikgopolo tsa repaboliki mo sesoleng Le fa go ne go dirilwe diphetogo tseno, maloko mangwe a Lekgotla la Sesole a ne a tswelela a ganetsa puso gore a tle a kgone go busa. Morago ba ne ba ya kwa Crete go ya go kopana le radipolotiki yo o itsegeng wa kwa Crete Eleftherios Venizelos, mme ba mo fa maemo a Tonakgolo ya Greece.<ref>When Prince George of Greece, Sophia's brother-in-law, was High Commissioner of the Cretan State, between 1905 and 1909, Venizelos fiercely opposed his policy and the Cretan leader acquired a strong anti-monarchical will. The officers of the League thus saw him as a natural and effective partner against King George I.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_George_of_Greece_and_Denmark]</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo moeteledipele wa kwa Crete o ne a sa batle go tlhagelela kwa Greece go tshegediwa ke sesole mme a ba rotloetsa go rulaganya ditlhopho tse dintšhwa.<ref>Vacalopoulos, Apostolos (1975). ''Histoire de la Grèce moderne'' (in French). Horvath. ISBN <bdi>2-7171-0057-1</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolos_Vakalopoulos]</ref> Ka March 1910, kgabagare kgosi e ne ya bitsa ditlhopho mme Venizelos le batshegetsi ba gagwe ba ne ba tla go busa. E ne e le nako e e thata mo lelapeng la segosi. <ref>Vacalopoulos, Apostolos (1975). ''Histoire de la Grèce moderne'' (in French). Horvath. ISBN <bdi>2-7171-0057-1</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolos_Vakalopoulos]</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, Venizelos o ne a sa batle go koafatsa bogosi. Go bontsha gore o ne a sa ikobele sesole, o ne a busetsa maloko a lelapa la segosi mo ditirong tsa bone tsa sesole mme Kgosana ya setulo sa bogosi ka jalo a nna motlhatlhobi-kakaretso wa sesole gape. <ref>Clogg, Richard (1979). ''A Short History of Modern Greece''. Cambridge University Press. ISBN <bdi>0521328373</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofmo0000clog]</ref> Fa a boela kwa Gerika ka di 21 Diphalane 1910, morago ga go nna kwa botshwarong ngwaga o le mongwe, Sophia o ne a sa ntse a belaela puso e ntšha le masole. O ne a gana go kopana le Venizelos, a mo pega molato wa gore ke ene a dirileng gore lelapa la segosi le tlhabisiwe ditlhong. Kgosigadi gape o ne a na le mathata le mogwagwadiagwe, yo a neng a mo latofatsa ka gore o ne a le bokoa ka nako ya mathata.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref><ref>Driault, Édouard; Lhéritier, Michel (1926). ''Histoire diplomatique de la Grèce de 1821 à nos jours : La Grèce et la Grande Guerre - De la Révolution turque au traité de Lausanne (1908-1923)'' (in French). Vol. V. PUF.[https://web.archive.org/web/20150428173641/http://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/search/?dtab=m&search_type=simple&search_help=&display_mode=overview&wf_step=init&show_hidden=0&number=10&keep_number=10&cclterm1=Histoire+diplomatique+de+la+Gr%C3%A8ce&cclterm2=&cclterm3=&cclterm4=&cclterm5=&cclterm6=&cclterm7=&cclterm8=&cclfield1=term&cclfield2=&cclfield3=&cclfield4=&cclfield5=&cclfield6=&cclfield7=&cclfield8=&cclop1=&cclop2=&cclop3=&cclop4=&cclop5=&cclop6=&cclop7=&isp=&display_help=0&offset=1&search_coll%5Bmetadata%5D=1&&stored_cclquery=&skin=&rss=0&store_query=1&show_form=&old_offset=1&export_method=none&display_mode=detail&ioffset=1&offset=1&number=1&keep_number=10&old_offset=1&search_help=detail]</ref> '''Mooki ka nako ya Ntwa ya Ntlha ya Balkan''' [[Setshwantsho:IAN F2059 Princess Sophia Hospital Philippiada Epirus 1913.jpg|thumb|The hospital of princess Sophia, on the war-front, near [[:en:Filippiada|Filippiada]], January 1913.]] Fa Venizelos a sena go busa, masole a Gerika a ne a dirwa a segompieno mme a tlhomelelwa ka thuso ya badiredibagolo ba Bafora le ba Boritane. Gape sesole sa lewatle se ne sa otara dikepe tse disha tsa ntwa. <ref>Clogg, Richard (1979). ''A Short History of Modern Greece''. Cambridge University Press. ISBN <bdi>0521328373</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofmo0000clog]</ref>Maikaelelo a go tlhabolola e ne e le go dira gore naga e ipaakanyetse ntwa e ntšha kgatlhanong le Puso ya Ottoman mme go fenya mmaba le go fitlhelela Kgopolo ya Megali, Greece e ne e tlhoka ditsala. Ke gone ka moo, ka ntlha ya maiteko a Tonakgolo e ntšha, Gerika e neng ya dira dikgolagano le baagelani ba yone mme ya nna le seabe mo go tlhomiweng ga Lekgotla la Dinaga Tsa Balkan ka Seetebosigo 1912.<ref>Vacalopoulos, Apostolos (1975). ''Histoire de la Grèce moderne'' (in French). Horvath. ISBN <bdi>2-7171-0057-1</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolos_Vakalopoulos]</ref> Ka jalo, fa Montenegro e ne e bolela ntwa kgatlhanong le Ottoman Empire ka 8 Diphalane 1912, ba ne ba kopanngwa le Serbia, Bulgaria le Greece malatsi a a kwa tlase ga a le lesome moragonyana. Eno e ne e le tshimologo ya Ntwa ya Ntlha ya Balkan.<ref>Vacalopoulos, Apostolos (1975). ''Histoire de la Grèce moderne'' (in French). Horvath. ISBN <bdi>2-7171-0057-1</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolos_Vakalopoulos]</ref> Fa Kgosana ya Motlotlegi le bomorwarraagwe ba ne ba etelela pele masole a Gerika, Kgosigadi Olga,<ref>Vickers, Hugo (2000). ''Alice, Princess Andrew of Greece''. Londres: Hamish Hamilton. ISBN <bdi>0-241-13686-5</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-241-13686-5]</ref> Sophia le dingwetsi tsa gagwe (Marie Bonaparte, Elena Vladimirovna wa Russia le Alice wa Battenberg) ba ne ba thusa masole a a gobetseng le batshabi. Mo kgweding e le nngwe fela, dikgosigadi tseno di ne tsa phutha diaparo di le 80 000 tsa sesole mme tsa phutha dingaka, baoki le didirisiwa tsa kalafi go di thusa.<ref>Vickers, Hugo (2000). ''Alice, Princess Andrew of Greece''. Londres: Hamish Hamilton. ISBN <bdi>0-241-13686-5</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-241-13686-5]</ref> Kgosigadi le Kgosigadi e e Tlotlegang le yone e ne ya bula letlole la go duelela batho gore ba nne le dikokelo tse disha kwa Athena le kwa ntweng.<ref>Captain Walter Christmas: ''King George of Greece'', New York, New York, MacBride, Naste & Company, 1914, p. 368.</ref> <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref>Dikgosigadi tseno di ne di tlhagafetse thata, di ne di sa nne fela kwa mafelong a a kwa morago mme gape di ne di ya kwa bogareng jwa botlhabanelo jwa sesole. Kgosigadi Olga le Sophia ba ne ba etela Larissa le Elassona,<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0312324243[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> fa Alice ene a ne a nna lobaka lo loleele kwa Epirus le kwa Makedonia. Ka nako eo, Elena o ne a tsamaisa terena ya diambulense mme Marie Bonaparte o ne a tlhoma sekepe sa kokelo se se neng se golaganya Thessaloniki le motsemogolo.<ref>Captain Walter Christmas: ''King George of Greece'', New York, New York, MacBride, Naste & Company, 1914, p. 368.</ref> Ntwa eno e ne e le tshono ya gore dikgosigadi di itshupe gore di mosola mo nageng e di neng di e tsere jaaka bana ba bone mme gape e ne ya gakatsa dikgotlhang mo lelapeng la segosi. Kgotlhang e ne ya simologa ka ntlha ya lefufa la ga Sophia ka ntsalae le mogatsa mosadi wa gagwe e bong Alice<ref>Alice and Sophia were first cousins once removed in descent from Queen Victoria; Alice's mother Princess Louis of Battenberg was, like Sophia, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria (through her second daughter, also named Alice).[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Victoria_of_Hesse_and_by_Rhine]</ref>. Tota e bile, go ne ga tsoga kgotlhang e e bogale fa gare ga makgarebe ano a mabedi fa Alice a sena go romela baoki ba ba neng ba tlhokometswe ke Kgosigadi go ya kwa Thesalonika, a sa kopa tetla ya ga Sophia. Tiragalo nngwe e e neng e lebega e se kotsi e ne ya dira gore go nne le tlhakatlhakano mo lelapeng mme Kgosigadi Olga o ne a gakgamadiwa ke go bona gore monna wa gagwe o ne a tshegetsa boikutlo jwa ga Sophia.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref><ref>Vickers, Hugo (2000). ''Alice, Princess Andrew of Greece''. Londres: Hamish Hamilton. ISBN <bdi>0-241-13686-5</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-241-13686-5]</ref> '''Mathata a lenyalo le botshelo jwa botho''' [[Setshwantsho:Sophie Hélène Irène Catherine.jpg|thumb|Sophia and her three daughters Helen, Irene and Katherine]] Lenyalo la ga Sophia le Constantine le ne le itumetse mo dingwageng tsa ntlha. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ikanyega e ne e se nonofo e kgolo ya Kgosana e e Tlhomilweng go Nna Kgosana mme go ise go ye kae mosadi wa gagwe o ne a tshwanelwa ke go dirisana le ditiro tsa gagwe tse dintsi tsa go tlhakanela dikobo le basadi ba bangwe. La ntlha Sophia o ne a gakgamadiwa ke go bo monna wa gagwe a mo tlhanogetse, mme go ise go ye kae o ne a latela sekao sa ga matsalaagwe mme a itlhokomolosa boitshwaro jwa monna wa gagwe. Lefa go ntse jalo, go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1912, <ref>Vickers, Hugo (2000). ''Alice, Princess Andrew of Greece''. Londres: Hamish Hamilton. ISBN <bdi>0-241-13686-5</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-241-13686-5]</ref>banyalani bano ba ne ba kgaogana ka tsela e e bonalang. Ka nako eo, Constantine o ne a simolola go ratana le Mokgadi Paola von Ostheim (yo o neng a bidiwa Wanda Paola Lottero), yo e neng e le motshameki wa thelebishene wa Mo-Italy yo o neng a sa tswa go tlhalana le Kgosana Hermann wa Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach; kamano eno e ne ya tswelela go fitlha Constantine a tlhokafala.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Fa Sophia a ne a tshola ngwana wa gagwe wa borataro le wa bofelo, morwadie yo o neng a bidiwa Katherine, ka 4 Motsheganong 1913, go ne ga nna le magatwe a gore ngwana yoo e ne e le wa gagwe. Magatwe ao, a ka tswa a ne a le boammaaruri kana a se boammaaruri, ga a ka a ama Constantine, yo o neng a lemoga ka bonako gore ke ene rraagwe.<ref>Mateos Sainz de Medrano 2004, p. 82 and 212–214.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia_of_Prussia#CITEREFMateos_Sainz_de_Medrano2004]</ref> Mo sephiring, banyalani ba Kgosana ba ne ba buisana ka Seesimane mme e ne e le ka puo eno ba neng ba godisa bana ba bone, ba ba neng ba gola mo maemong a a lorato le a a botsalano mo gare ga setlhopha sa batlhatlheledi le baoki ba Baesemane. Fela jaaka mmaagwe, Sophia o ne a ruta bana ba gagwe go rata United Kingdom mme mo dibekeng di le mmalwa ngwaga le ngwaga, lelapa le ne le nna nako kwa Great Britain, koo a neng a etela mabopo a lewatle a Seaford le Eastbourne. Le fa go ntse jalo, malatsi a boikhutso a selemo a lelapa a ne a sa dirisiwe fela kwa Friedrichshof le Empress Dowager, mme gape le kwa Corfu le Venice, koo lelapa la segosi la Gerika le neng le ya teng ka mokoro wa Amphitrite.<ref>Mateos Sainz de Medrano, Ricardo (2004). ''La Familia de la Reina Sofía : La Dinastía griega, la Casa de Hannover y los reales primos de Europa'' (in Spanish). Madrid: La Esfera de los Libros. ISBN <bdi>84-9734-195-3</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-9734-195-3]</ref> '''Kgosigadi ya Bagerika: Lobaka lwa gagwe lwa ntlha''' '''Go bolawa ga ga George I le Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Balkan''' [[Setshwantsho:Assassination of George I of Greece, 1913.png|thumb|Assassination of George I by [[:en:Alexandros_Schinas|Alexandros Schinas]] as depicted in a contemporary [[:en:Lithograph|lithograph]]]] Ntwa ya Ntlha ya Balkan e ne ya khutla ka 1913 fa Mmusomogolo wa Ottoman o ne o fenngwa ke lekoko la Bagerika, Ba-Bulgaria, Ba-Serbia le Ba-Montenegro. Bogosi jwa Gerika bo ne jwa gola thata morago ga ntwa mme go ise go ye kae go ne ga nna le dikgotlhang fa gare ga mebuso e e neng e le ditsala: Gerika le Bulgaria di ne di lwela go nna le Thessaloniki le kgaolo e e e dikologileng.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> Go tlhomamisa bolaodi jwa Bagerika mo motseng o mogolo wa Makedonia, George I o ne a fudugela mo motseng ono ka bonako fela morago ga gore o fenngwe ke Kgosana ya Motlotlegi, ka 8 Sedimonthole 1912. Ka nako e telele e Kgosi e neng e le mo motseng ka yone, e ne e tswa letsatsi le letsatsi go ya go tsamaya e le nosi mo mebileng, jaaka e ne e tlwaetse go dira kwa Athena. Ka 18 Mopitlwe 1913 mo-anarchist wa Mogerika yo o bidiwang Alexandros Schinas o ne a mo thuntsha mo mokwatleng a le sekgala sa dikgato di le pedi fa a ne a tsamaya mo Thessaloniki gaufi le White Tower.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN 0750921471[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Zsófia görög királyné.jpg|thumb|Sophia as Queen of the Hellenes, 1913.]] Sophia o ne a le kwa Athena fa a ne a utlwa ka go bolawa ga mogwagwadiagwe, kgosi<ref>Hugo Vickers, in his biography of Princess Alice of Battenberg, however, says that it was Princess Alice and Princes Andrew and George of Greece who gave Queen Olga the news of her husband's murder.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Alice_of_Battenberg]</ref>. Jaanong, e re ka e ne e le Kgosigadi ya Bagerika, o ne a na le boikarabelo jwa go bolelela matsalaagwe dikgang tsa polao eo. Mmogo le morwadie yo mogolo e bong Kgosigadi Helen, ba ne ba gomotsa Kgosigadi e e neng e setse e le Motlholagadi, yo o neng a amogela dikgang tseno ka matlhagatlhaga. Mo letsatsing le le latelang, maloko a lelapa la segosi a a neng a le kwa motsemogolong a ne a ya kwa Thesalonika. Fa ba fitlha kwa motseng wa Makedonia, ba ne ba etela lefelo le go bolailweng motho gone mme ba phutha ditopo tsa Kgosi go di isa kwa Athena, kwa a neng a fitlhwa teng kwa Tatoi. Mo maemong ano a a thata, loso lwa ga George I lo ne lwa dira gore Thessaloniki e nne ya Gerika. Le fa go ntse jalo, Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Balkan e ne ya runya ka June 1913 ka ntlha ya go kgaoganngwa ga Makedonia ke dinaga tse pele di neng di le ditsala tsa yone mo ntweng ya ntlha. E re ka Gerika e ne ya fenya gape mo ntweng eno, e ne ya gola thata, mme maemo a Kgosi Constantine I le Kgosigadi Sophia le one a ne a gola.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> '''Botshelo jwa gagwe''' Fa Constantine le Sophia ba sena go nna mo setulong sa bogosi, ba ne ba tswelela ba tshela botshelo jo bo sa raraanang jo ba neng ba bo tshela fa ba ne ba sa ntse ba busa. Ba ne ba dirisa nako ya bone ya go ikhutsa ba ithuta botaniki, e e neng e le selo se ba neng ba se rata thata, mme ba ne ba fetola<ref>In 1909, a fire destroyed a large part of the Royal Palace (now used by the Hellenic Parliament), with the result that the Crown Prince's Palace was used temporarily as the residence of the royal family. However, it wasn't until the ascension of Constantine I to the throne that the Palace became the main royal residence.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenic_Parliament]</ref> ditshingwana tsa Ntlo ya Segosi e Ntšha go ya ka mokgwa wa Seesemane<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref>.<ref>Mateos Sainz de Medrano, Ricardo (2004). ''La Familia de la Reina Sofía : La Dinastía griega, la Casa de Hannover y los reales primos de Europa'' (in Spanish). Madrid: La Esfera de los Libros. ISBN <bdi>84-9734-195-3</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-9734-195-3]</ref> Banyalani bano ba ne ba atamalane thata le maloko a mangwe a lelapa la segosi, segolobogolo Kgosana Nicholas. Ka Labobedi mongwe le mongwe, Kgosi le Kgosigadi ba ne ba ja dijo tsa maitseboa le ene le mosadi wa gagwe e bong Elena, mme ka Labone, ba ne ba etela banyalani ba segosi kwa Royal Palace.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> '''Go Simologa ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe I''' Fa Ntwa ya Ntlha ya Lefatshe e ne e simologa ka bone ka kgwedi ya Phatwe 1914 Sophia o ne a le kwa Engelane kwa Eastbourne le bana ba gagwe ba le mmalwa fa monna wa gagwe le morwadiabone Helen e ne e le bone fela baemedi ba losika lwa segosi ba ba neng ba santse ba le teng kwa Athene. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka ntlha ya bomasisi jwa ditiragalo, Kgosigadi e ne ya boela ka bonako kwa Gerika, koo a neng a kopana le ba bangwe ba lelapa la segosi gone. <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> Fa dinaga tse dikgolo tsa Yuropa di ne di tsena mo ntweng eno ka bongwe ka bongwe, Gerika e ne ya bolela semmuso gore ga e tseye letlhakore.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> E re ka e ne e le ditlogolwana tsa "Rra-mogolo le Mmemogolo wa Yuropa" (jaaka Christian IX wa Denmark le Kgosigadi Victoria ka go latelana ba ne ba itsiwe), Constantine le Sophia ba ne ba amana thata le dikgosi tsa Triple Alliance le Triple Entente. Kgosi le Kgosigadi ba ne ba itse gore Greece e ne e setse e koafaditswe ke Dintwa tsa Balkan mme e ne e sa ipaakanyetsa go nna le seabe mo thulanong e ntšha.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, batho ba ne ba sa dumalane le maikutlo a babusi.<ref>King Constantine I was the first-cousin of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and King George V of the United Kingdom. As for Sophia, she was the sister of Emperor William II of Germany and cousin of the Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse) and King George V.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Feodorovna_(Alix_of_Hesse)]</ref> Tonakgolo Eleftherios Venizelos, yo bokgoni jwa gagwe jo bogolo jwa sedipolomate bo neng jwa tlotlomadiwa thata kwa Khonferenseng ya Lontone ya 1912-1913, segolobogolo ke David Lloyd George le Georges Clemenceau, o ne a itse gore dinaga tse di neng di sa tswa go gapiwa tsa Gerika di ne di le mo maemong a a kotsi, ka jalo Gerika e ne ya tshwanelwa ke go nna le seabe mo ntweng le Entente Cordiale gore e sireletse diphenyo tsa yone tsa Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Balkan. Mo godimo ga moo, Mmusomogolo wa Ottoman, Bulgaria le Romania di ne di le mo letlhakoreng la Jeremane,<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> mme fa Jeremane e ka fenya ntwa, e tla bo e le ka ditshenyegelo tsa Gerika, ka gore Bulgaria le Mmusomogolo wa Ottoman di ne di tla bona lefatshe la Gerika ka 1913, ka gore dinaga tseno ka bobedi, di ne di galefetse go latlhegelwa ke Makedonia, mme di ne di batla go fedisa Tumalano ya Bucharest. <ref>Διβάνη, Λένα (2010). "Μακεδονία". ''H Εδαφική Ολοκλήρωση της Ελλάδας (1830-1947)''. Αθήνα: Εκδόσεις Καστανιώτη. ISBN 9789600329025[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789600329025]</ref> Ee ruri, naga e ne e le mo maemong a a maswe, e eteletswe pele ke Kgosi e e bokoa ya Germanophile le Kgosigadi ya gagwe e e tsietsang e e neng e lebagane le tshenyo le ntwa ya selegae. [[Setshwantsho:Graphic map of the Dardanelles.JPG|thumb|Mmapa wa Dardanelles o o takilweng ke G.F. Morrell, ka 1915. Mmapa ono o bontsha setlhaketlhake sa Gallipoli le lotshitshi lo lo kafa bophirima lwa Turkey, le lefelo le masole a kwa ntlheng ya kwa pele a neng a le kwa go lone le mafelo a a neng a kotama mo go one.]] Dilo di ne tsa raraana fa Triple Entente e ne e tsenela Ntwa ya Gallipoli ka Tlhakole 1915. E re ka Constantine I a ne a batla go golola Bagerika ba kwa Asia Minor mo pusong ya Ba-Ottoman, kwa tshimologong o ne a iketleeleditse go tshegetsa Dinaga Tse di Kopaneng le go tsenya naga ya gagwe mo ntweng. Le fa go ntse jalo, Kgosi e ne ya lebana le kganetso ya Batlhankedi ba gagwe mme segolobogolo ya ga Ioannis Metaxas, yo o neng a tshosetsa ka gore o tla rola tiro fa Gerika e ne e ka tsenela ntwa. Naga eno e ne e se na madi a go dira jalo, le fa gone Dinaga Tse di Kopaneng di ne di solofeditse Greece melemo e megolo fa e ne e ka nna le seabe. Constantine I e ne e le motho yo o ratang Bajeremane thata; o ne a rutilwe kwa Jeremane, a godisitswe e kete ke Mojeremane mme o ne a rata Kaiser fela thata. Kgosi e ne e se na keletso epe e e kgethegileng ya go tsenya naga mo ntweng, ka jalo o ne a nna mmueledi yo o nitameng wa boitlhaodi. Ka jalo, Constantine I o ne a tlogela go busa, mme seo se ne sa galefisa Venizelos, yo o neng a bona naga ya gaabo e le mo kotsing e kgolo ka ntlha ya Kgosi. Ka ntlha ya ditiro tsa ga Constantine I, Tonakgolo o ne a tlogela tiro ka 1915 (le fa a ne a fentse ditlhopho tse pedi tse di neng di tshwerwe ka ntlha ya ntwa). Go ne ga nna le puso ya segosi. Le fa go ntse jalo, Venizelos o ne a itshupa a nepile ka masome a mabedi le botlhano Motsheganong 1916, fa puso ya segosi ya Greece ya Athene e ne e letla gore Fort Roupel e neelwe Bajeremane le ditsala tsa bone tsa Ba-Bulgaria e le go lekalekanya masole a Allied a a neng a tlhomilwe kwa Thessaloniki. Masole a Jeremane le Bulgaria a ne a tswelela go thopa bontsi jwa botlhaba jwa Makedonia kwa ntle ga go ganediwa, mme seno sa felela ka gore go bolawe baagi ba Ba-Gerika koo. <ref>"The surrender of Fort Roupel". ''www.roupel.com''. Retrieved 29 September 2020.[https://web.archive.org/web/20131020091011/http://www.roupel.com/index.php/ores-episkepseos]</ref>Tiro eno e ne ya dira gore go simolole go tsuologa ga badiredi ba sesole ba Venizelist kwa Thessaloniki le go tlhomiwa ga Puso ya Nakwana ya Tshireletso ya Bosetšhaba ka fa tlase ga tshegetso ya Entente koo, kgatlhanong le puso ya semmuso ya Athene le Constantine I, go tiisa se se bidiwang "National Schism". E re ka Constantine I a ne a koafaditswe ke ditiragalo tseno tsotlhe, o ne a lwala thata morago ga bothata jono. E re ka a ne a tshwerwe ke bolwetse jwa go ruruga ga makgwafo mo maleng jo bo neng bo gakadiwa ke nyumonia, o ne a nna dibeke di le mmalwa a le mo bolaong mme a batla a swa. Kwa Greece, batho ba ne ba galefisiwa ke magatwe a a neng a anamisiwa ke batho ba ba neng ba dumela mo go Venizel, ba ba neng ba re Kgosi e ne e sa lwale mme tota o ne a gobaditswe ka thipa ke Sophia ka nako ya kgotlhang e mo go yone a neng a batla go mo pateletsa go ya ntweng le morwarraagwe.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref><ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref>Ruri Kgosigadi o ne a nna a buisana le morwarraagwe ka metlha. Go ya ka mafoko a ga G. Leon, "O ne a nna e ntse e le Mojeremane, mme dikgatlhego tsa Jeremane di ne di beilwe kwa godimo ga tsa naga e a neng a tswa kwa go yone e e neng e sa mo kgatlhegele thata. Tota e bile, ga a ise a ko a utlwele batho ba Greece botlhoko". <ref>Leon, G. B. (1974). ''Greece and the Great Powers 1914-17''. Thessaloniki: Institute of Balkan Studies. OCLC [https://books.google.com/books?id=WYmyAAAAIAAJ 462815121]</ref>Kgosigadi gape e ne e belaelwa go nna maatla a a kwa morago ga setulo sa bogosi". Metswedi e e farologaneng go tswa mo nakong eo - eo diary tsa gagwe, diary le makwalo a a tseneletseng e ntseng e le setlhogo sa thuto e kgolo kwa Greece - e bolela gore Sophia o ne a tle a iphitlhe ka fa morago ga lesire mo dikagong tsa monna wa gagwe ka nako ya dikopano tsa Kabinete le ditheetso tsa poraefete le Kgosi, gore a tle a itsisiwe ka maemo a dilo. <ref>Δέλτα, Πηνελόπη (2009). "Α' ΠΑΓΚΟΣΜΙΟΣ ΠΟΛΕΜΟΣ". ''Ελευθεριοσ ΒενιζελοσΣ: Ημερολογιο-Αναμνησεισ-Μαρρτυριεσ-Αλληλογραφια''. Αθήνα: Εκδόσεις Ερμής. ISBN <bdi>9789603200345</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789603200345]</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Tinos panagia evangelistria 200707 04.jpg|thumb|The ''Panaghia'' of Tinos]] Fa botsogo jwa Kgosi bo ne bo koafala, go ne ga romelwa sekepe kwa Setlhaketlhakeng sa Tinos go ya go batla setshwantsho se se gakgamatsang sa ga Jesu se go tweng se fodisa balwetse. Le mororo Constantine I a ne a setse a amogetse sakaramente ya bofelo, o ne a nna le botsogo jo bontle morago ga go atla setshwantsho seno. Le fa go ntse jalo, boemo jwa gagwe bo ne bo sa ntse bo tshwenya mme o ne a tlhoka go ariwa pele ga a ka kgona go tswelela ka ditiro tsa gagwe. E re ka a ne a imolotswe ke go bona monna wa gagwe a fola, Sophia o ne a ntsha safaire gore a nonotshe setshwantsho seno. Ka nako ya fa Kgosi e ne e lwala, Triple Entente e ne ya tswelela go gatelela Gerika gore e ye ntweng le bone. Dimitrios Gounaris, motlhatlhami wa ga Venizelos jaaka Tonakgolo, o ne a tshitshinya gore naga ya gagwe e tsenelele mo ntweng eo e le go duelela go sirelediwa ga Dinaga tse di Kopaneng kgatlhanong le tlhaselo e e neng e ka nna gone ya Bulgaria. Le fa go ntse jalo, Triple Entente, le fa e ne e batla go dira kgolagano le bone, e ne ya gana tumalano eo.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref><ref>Mateos Sainz de Medrano, Ricardo (2004). ''La Familia de la Reina Sofía : La Dinastía griega, la Casa de Hannover y los reales primos de Europa'' (in Spanish). Madrid: La Esfera de los Libros. ISBN 84-9734-195-3[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-9734-195-3]</ref> Ka nako ya fa Kgosi e ne e lwala, Triple Entente e ne ya tswelela e gatelela Gerika gore e ye ntweng le yone. Dimitrios Gounaris, motlhatlhami wa ga Venizelos jaaka Tonakgolo, o ne a tshitshinya gore naga ya gagwe e tsenelele mo ntweng eo e le go duelela go sirelediwa ga Dinaga tse di Kopaneng kgatlhanong le tlhaselo e e neng e ka nna gone ya Bulgaria. Le fa go ntse jalo, Triple Entente, le fa e ne e batla go dira kgolagano le bone, e ne ya gana tumalano eo.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> '''Go kgaogana le Venizelos''' [[Setshwantsho:Military operations in Serbia 1915.jpg|thumb|Serbian Campaign, 1915]] Ka Seetebosigo 1915, ditlhopho tsa kgotla-peomolao di ne tsa dira gore Ba-Venizel ba fenye. Kgwedi morago ga moo, Constantine I, yo o neng a sa ntse a fola, o ne a simolola ditiro tsa gagwe tsa semmuso gape mme kgabagare a bitsa Venizelos go etelela Kabinete pele ka August 16. Ka September, Bulgaria e ne ya tsena mo ntweng mmogo le Central Powers mme ya tlhasela Serbia, e e neng e le tsala ya Gerika fa e sa le ka 1913. Venizelos o ne a kopa Kgosi gore e dire gore go nne le letsholo le legolo, mme Kgosi e ne ya gana. Le fa go ntse jalo, e le gore go se ka ga nna le mathata a mangwe a sepolotiki, kgabagare Constantine I o ne a laela gore go tlhomiwe masole mme a tlhalosa sentle gore seno e ne e le go itshireletsa fela. Ka di 3 tsa Diphalane, gore a pateletse Kgosi go tsibogela seo, Tonakgolo o ne a kopa Dinaga tse di Kopaneng go gapa boemakepe jwa Thessaloniki mme Constantine I o ne a tswa mo motseng fa masole a Fora, Italy le Boritane a ne a goroga mo motseng. Jaanong go ne go fedile ka Venizelos le lelapa la segosi. <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref><ref>''La France héroïque et ses alliés'' (in French). Vol. II. Larousse. 1919.</ref> Malebana le mebuso ya Allied, maitsholo a Constantine le Sophia a ne a lebega jaaka boferefere mme ba ne ba tlhagelela jalo mo makwalodikgannyeng a Triple Entente.<ref>It's said that since their marriage, Constantine and Sophia are regarded as toys of German politics by the French government.[https://web.archive.org/web/20150428173641/http://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/search/?dtab=m&search_type=simple&search_help=&display_mode=overview&wf_step=init&show_hidden=0&number=10&keep_number=10&cclterm1=Histoire+diplomatique+de+la+Gr%C3%A8ce&cclterm2=&cclterm3=&cclterm4=&cclterm5=&cclterm6=&cclterm7=&cclterm8=&cclfield1=term&cclfield2=&cclfield3=&cclfield4=&cclfield5=&cclfield6=&cclfield7=&cclfield8=&cclop1=&cclop2=&cclop3=&cclop4=&cclop5=&cclop6=&cclop7=&isp=&display_help=0&offset=1&search_coll%5Bmetadata%5D=1&&stored_cclquery=&skin=&rss=0&store_query=1&show_form=&old_offset=1&export_method=none&display_mode=detail&ioffset=1&offset=1&number=1&keep_number=10&old_offset=1&search_help=detail]</ref> <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref>Mokwalo wa dikgang wa Sefora o ne wa latofatsa Kgosigadi ka go etela mabopo a Phalerum gangwe le gape go tlamela dikepe tsa ka fa tlase ga lewatle tsa Jeremane ka lookwane. <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Go tshwanetse ga bolelwa gore ka go gana go ya ntweng, Greece e ne ya thibela masole a Franco-British go thusa Serbia, eo masole a yone a neng a iphitlhela a fekeeditswe ke lekgotla la Austro-Bulgarian, mme seno se ne sa dira gore go se ka ga tlhomamisiwa gore a Masomosomo a ne a tla fenya Dardanelles. Go ipusolosetsa, Triple Entente e ne ya laela Gerika gore e ntshe masole a yone mo tirong fa go ne go tlhongwa molao wa sesole kwa Thessaloniki mme go ne ga thibelwa Gerika. Kganetsano magareng ga Kgosi le Venizelos e ne ya felela ka se se bidiwang National Schism, e e neng e le ntwa magareng ga ba ba neng ba batla gore dilo di nne jaaka di ne di ntse le ba ba neng ba rata diphetogo; magareng ga go nna le mekgwa e mentle le go nna le mekgwa e mentle; magareng ga lefatshe la bogologolo le le lesha.[ 110]<ref>Παπαρρηγόπουλος, Κωνσταντίνος (2008). "2-3". ''Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους, τόμος 15''. Αθήνα: Εκδοτική Αθηνών. ISBN <bdi>9789602131114</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789602131114]</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Queen Sofia of Greece.jpg|thumb|Kgosigadi Sophia, by [[:en:Georgios_Jakobides|Georgios Jakobides]], 1915]] Go gogiwa ga masole a Boritane go tswa kwa Dardanelles ka Sedimonthole 1915 go ne ga nonotsha go itshepa ga karolo ya "Greece ya bogologolo" (e e kayang dikarolo tsa naga tse di neng di le kgatlhanong le diphetogo, e leng go dikologa Attica le Peloponnese tse di neng di bopa bogolo jwa naga ya Greece ka 1830). Baagi ba mafelo ao ba ne ba belaela e bile ba tenwa ke go bona dinaga tse disha di okediwa ke puso ya Gerika. "Gerika e ntšha" eno e ne e na le batho ba ba rutegileng thata e bile ba na le ditšhaba tse di farologaneng, fa "Gerika ya bogologolo" yone e ne e humanegile, e na le dikoloto e bile e sa ntse e ikaegile thata ka temothuo. Mo matlhong a batho ba "Gerika ya bogologolo", Bagerika ba ba neng ba nna kwa dinageng tse disha e ne e le batswakwa, e bile e le batswakwa. Ka jalo, Kgosi le kereke ba ne ba dirisa letlhoo la batswakwa la "Bogerika jwa bogologolo" go anamisa dikgang tsa maaka gore ba tle ba tlose puso ya ga Venizelos ya kgololesego. Ka 1915, Tonakgolo o ne a ntsha lekwalo la gagwe la go rola tiro ka go bo a ne a le kgatlhanong le go sa tseye kgato ga Kgosi malebana le go phutha batho ka kakaretso. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga latela ditlhopho tsa nakwana mo sephatlong sa ntlha sa 1915, tse mo go tsone Venizelos a neng a fenya gape, a tshegediwa ke "Greece e ntšhwa" (e leng mafatshe a a neng a neelwa Greece ke Tumalano ya Bucharest) le ke batho ba ba gololosegileng, ba ba humileng le ba ba rutegileng ba setšhaba sa "Greece ya bogologolo". Le fa go ntse jalo, seo e ne e se se Kgosi e neng e se batla mme e ne ya dira gore Tonakgolo e menolwe, le fa gone ditiro tsa gagwe di ne di le kgatlhanong le Molaotheo. Venizelos o ne a patelediwa gape go tlogela tiro (ka makgetlho a mabedi ka 1915). Venizelos le batshegetsi ba gagwe ba ne ba gana go nna le seabe mo ditlhophong mme ba bolela gore palamente e e neng e sa tswa go tlhophiwa ya Gerika e ne e se kafa molaong. Go ne ga nna le puso e ntšha e e neng e ikanyega mo Kgosing. '''Maiteko a go bolaya''' [[Setshwantsho:Katherinegreece1917.jpg|thumb|Kgosigadi Katherine, ca. 1917]] Go tloga ka nako eo go ya pele, puso ya Gerika e ne ya latela tsela e e neng e le botoka mo go Triple Alliance. Baagi ba ne ba ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le go fudusediwa ga masole a Serbia kwa Korfu mme morago ga moo a fudusediwa kwa Thesalonika. Go ne ga ntshiwa ditaelo tsa gore badiredibagolo ba ba neng ba le kwa melelwaneng ba se ka ba ganetsa go tlhaselwa ga Bulgaria, mo go neng ga direga ka May 27, 1916. Kwa bokhutlong, ka Moranang 1916, Constantine I o ne a bolela ka tsela ya tshwantshetso gore Epirus Bokone e ne e tla kopanngwa le Gerika e le go araba go tsenelela ga Italy mo Albania.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN 0750921471[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> E re ka jaanong ba ne ba tsewa e le baba ba Triple Entente, banyalani bano ba segosi ba ne ba lebana le kganetso e e neng e ntse e oketsega.<ref>During a visit of Prince Andrew of Greece to the Permanent Sub-Secretary at the Foreign Office, the latter said coldly: "''What can we expect'' [from Greece] ''as your Queen is the sister of the Emperor?''"[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Office]</ref>Bafora ba ne ba loga maano a a farologaneng a go tsaya dikgosi ka dikgoka kgotsa go di bolaya. Ka Phukwi ka lesome le bone, 1916, go ne ga runya molelo o o gakgamatsang (o go ka diregang gore e ne e le tiro e e neng e dirilwe ka boomo ke badiredi ba kwa Paris) mo sekgweng se se dikologileng Tatoi. Ka ntlha ya tlhakatlhakano eo, Sophia o ne a boloka morwadie yo mmotlana, e bong Kgosigadi Katherine, mme a tabogela dikilometara di le pedi mo sekgweng a tshotse ngwana wa gagwe. Maloko a le mmalwa a lelapa la segosi, go akaretsa le Constantine I ka boene, ba ne ba gobala mme bonno jwa babusi bo ne jwa senngwa thata ke molelo, o o neng wa tsaya diura di le masome a mane le bofeerabobedi. Mo godimo ga tsotlhe, masole a le 16 (kgotsa 18, go ikaegile ka metswedi) le maloko a mangwe a badiri ba ntlo ya segosi ba ne ba bolawa. <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref><ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Morago ga ditiragalo tseno, boikutlo jwa lelapa la segosi malebana le Jeremane bo ne jwa fetoga thata. Fa gare ga Sedimonthole 1916 le Tlhakole 1917, Kgosigadi, yo o neng a sa rate go rata Jeremane jaaka monna wa gagwe, o ne a romela morwarraagwe dithelekerama di le mmalwa, a mmotsa gore masole a Central a tla kgona go tsenelela leng kwa Makedonia. Le fa go ntse jalo, Sophia o ne a sa ntse a galefetse Mmusimogolo ka ntlha ya kgalefo ya gagwe ka nako ya lenyalo la gagwe le go sokologela ga gagwe kwa Orthodox; mme go tlolwa ga boitlhaodi jwa Gerika ke Triple Entente le matshosetsi a botshelo jwa monna wa gagwe le bana ba gagwe ka iketlo go ne ga fetola maikutlo a gagwe kgatlhanong le Masomosomo.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> '''Go Kgaogana ga Setšhaba le go Gatelelwa ke Lekgotla la Kgolagano e e Gararo''' Ka Phalane 1916, Eleftherios Venizelos o ne a tlhoma puso ya nakwana kwa Thessaloniki, e e neng e le kgatlhanong le e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Spyridon Lambros kwa Athena. Seno e ne e le tshimologo ya se se neng se bidiwa National Schism. (Segerika: Εθνικός Διχασμός, Ethnikos Dikhasmos).<ref>Driault, Édouard; Lhéritier, Michel (1926). ''Histoire diplomatique de la Grèce de 1821 à nos jours : La Grèce et la Grande Guerre - De la Révolution turque au traité de Lausanne (1908-1923)'' (in French). Vol. V. PUF.[https://web.archive.org/web/20150428173641/http://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/search/?dtab=m&search_type=simple&search_help=&display_mode=overview&wf_step=init&show_hidden=0&number=10&keep_number=10&cclterm1=Histoire+diplomatique+de+la+Gr%C3%A8ce&cclterm2=&cclterm3=&cclterm4=&cclterm5=&cclterm6=&cclterm7=&cclterm8=&cclfield1=term&cclfield2=&cclfield3=&cclfield4=&cclfield5=&cclfield6=&cclfield7=&cclfield8=&cclop1=&cclop2=&cclop3=&cclop4=&cclop5=&cclop6=&cclop7=&isp=&display_help=0&offset=1&search_coll%5Bmetadata%5D=1&&stored_cclquery=&skin=&rss=0&store_query=1&show_form=&old_offset=1&export_method=none&display_mode=detail&ioffset=1&offset=1&number=1&keep_number=10&old_offset=1&search_help=detail]</ref>Ka nako eo, setlhopha sa dikepe sa Mafora le MaBorithane se se neng se laolwa ke Motlatsa-Admiral Louis Dartige du Fournet, se ne sa thopa kgogometso ya Salamis go gatelela Athene, fa go ntse go romelwa di-ultimatum tse di farologaneng, segolo thata tse di malebana le go latlha dibetsa tsa sesole sa gagwe.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> Ka ntlha ya thibelo, go ne go nna thata go tlamela motse-mogolo mme leuba le ne la simologa. Sophia o ne a oketsa maiteko a gagwe a go thusa bahumanegi. A na le Patriotic League of Greek Women, o ne a kgona go aba dijo di le 10 000 ka letsatsi, mmogo le diaparo, dikobo, melemo le mashi a bana. Le fa go ntse jalo, maemo a ne a nna thata le go feta.<ref>''La France héroïque et ses alliés'' (in French). Vol. II. Larousse. 1919.</ref> Ka bongwe ka Sedimonthole 1916, kgabagare Constantine I o ne a dumalana le dikopo tsa Bafora, mme masole a Triple Entente a ne a goroga kwa Athene go ya go tsaya ditlhobolo tse di neng di solofeditswe ke mmusi dikgwedi di le pedi pelenyana. Mme lefa go ntse jalo ka sephiri setlhopha sa masole a a neng a le mo polokelong a kwa Gerika se ne sa rulaganya le go nonotsha Athena. <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref><ref>Bertin, Célia (1982). ''Marie Bonaparte'' (in French). Paris: Perrin. ISBN <bdi>226201602X</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/226201602X]</ref>Bafora ba ne ba thuntshiwa thata mme ba le bantsi ba ne ba bolawa; tiragalo eno e ne ya bidiwa ke babegadikgang ba selegae ba nako eo jaaka "Greek Vespers". Morago ga seno, kgosi e ne ya akgola Tona ya Ntwa le Mojenerale Dousmanis.<ref>''La France héroïque et ses alliés'' (in French). Vol. II. Larousse. 1919.</ref> Lekgotla la Triple Entente le ne la tsibogela tlhaselo eno ka bonako. Masole a Fora a ne a tlhasela ntlo ya segosi kwa Athene, mme ba pateletsa Sophia le bana ba gagwe go tshabela mo diphaposing tse di kwa tlase tsa ntlo ya segosi ka diura di le mmalwa.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Mo godimo ga tsotlhe, puso ya ga Aristide Briand e ne ya ithaopela go tlosa Constantine I mo setulong mme ya mo emisetsa ka morwarraagwe yo mmotlana, Kgosana George.<ref name=":0">Bertin, Célia (1982). ''Marie Bonaparte'' (in French). Paris: Perrin. ISBN <bdi>226201602X</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/226201602X]</ref><ref name=":0" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, Russia le Italy di ne tsa gana go tsereganya ka ntlha ya go boifa gore Gerika e ka nna ya tsaya Asia Minor le dikamano tsa madi magareng ga Constantine I le Tsar Nicholas II.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> '''Botshwarwa jwa ntlha''' '''Go tlosiwa mo setulong sa bogosi le go kgaoganngwa ga malapa''' Ka nako ya Phetogo e Kgolo ya Russia ya 1917 le go tlosiwa ga ga Nicholas II mo setulong, Constantine le Sophia ba ne ba latlhegelwa ke balatedi ba bone ba bofelo mo Lekgotleng la Dikgosi Tse di Tharo. Ka jalo, ka Seetebosigo 10, 1917, Charles Jonnart, yo e neng e le Moemedi yo Mogolo wa Dinaga Tse di Kopaneng, o ne a kopa Puso ya Greece gore e tlose Kgosi mme e mo emisetse ka kgosana e nngwe. Diadochos George le ene o ne a tsewa e le motho yo o emang Jeremane nokeng. Fa masole a le 10 000 a ne a tshosetsa go tlhasela Piraeus, Constantine I o ne a tlogela puso mme a e neela morwawe wa bobedi, Kgosana Alexander. Le fa go ntse jalo, Constantine o ne a gana go rola marapo. O ne a tlhalosa gore Alexander o tshwanetse go tsewa e le mofuta wa mmusi yo o ikarabelelang mo setulong sa bogosi go fitlha kgosi e e tshwanetseng e boa<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> Ka 11 Seetebosigo, lelapa la segosi le ne la tswa ka sephiri kwa Royal Palace, le dikologilwe ke setlhopha sa batho ba ba ikanyegang, mme ba goroga kwa Tatoi. Mo letsatsing le le latelang, Constantine, Sophia le bana ba bone ba batlhano ba ne ba tswa kwa Greece go tswa kwa boemakepeng jwa Oropos, ba tsaya tsela e e yang kwa botshwarong. <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> Leno e ne e le lekgetlo la bofelo Sophia a bona morwawe wa bobedi, yo jaanong a neng a itsisiwe e le kgosi e bong Alexander I. Ba-Venizelist ba ne ba iletsa kgolagano epe fela magareng ga kgosi e ntšha le lelapa lotlhe la segosi.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> '''Botshelo kwa Switzerland''' Fa Sophia le lelapa la gagwe ba sena go kgabaganya Lewatle la Ionia le Italy, ba ne ba nna kwa Switzerland, segolobogolo mo gare ga ditoropo tsa St. Moritz, Zurich le Lucerne.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref><ref>Mateos Sainz de Medrano, Ricardo (2004). ''La Familia de la Reina Sofía : La Dinastía griega, la Casa de Hannover y los reales primos de Europa'' (in Spanish). Madrid: La Esfera de los Libros. ISBN <bdi>84-9734-195-3</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-9734-195-3]</ref>Mo botshwarong, babusi ba ne ba latelwa ke maloko otlhe a lelapa la segosi ba ba neng ba tswa kwa Gerika fa Venizelos a ne a boa jaaka tlhogo ya puso le fa Gerika e ne e tsena mo ntweng mo letlhakoreng la Triple Entente. Mo godimo ga moo, maemo a tsa madi a lelapa la segosi a ne a sa tlhomama mme Constantine I, yo o neng a ikutlwa a paletswe thata, o ne a lwala ka bonako. Ka 1918, o ne a tshwarwa ke Spanish flu mme gape o ne a le gaufi le go swa. <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN 0750921471[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> A setse a tshwenyegile ka boitekanelo jwa monna wa gagwe,<ref>Mateos Sainz de Medrano, Ricardo (2004). ''La Familia de la Reina Sofía : La Dinastía griega, la Casa de Hannover y los reales primos de Europa'' (in Spanish). Madrid: La Esfera de los Libros. ISBN <bdi>84-9734-195-3</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-9734-195-3]</ref> Sophia o ne a utlwisitswe botlhoko ke go thibelwa go kopana le morwawe wa bobedi. Tota e bile, kwa Athena, Alexander I o ne a kgaoganngwa gotlhelele le lelapa la gagwe mme puso e ne ya mo thibela semolao gore a se ka a buisana le batsadi ba gagwe. Tota le ka nako e khutshwane e Constantine a neng a le kwa Paris ka yone ka May 1920, badisa ba ne ba lebile ditiro tsa gagwe ka kelotlhoko. Fa Sophia a ne a mo founela kwa hoteleng ya gagwe, monna mongwe o ne a mo araba ka go mo raya a re "Kgosi ya gagwe e maswabi mme ga a kgone go araba mogala". <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Fa Ntwa ya Ntlha ya Lefatshe e fela le go saeniwa ga Ditumalano tsa Neuilly le Sèvres, Bogosi jwa Gerika bo ne jwa fitlhelela diphitlhelelo tse dikgolo tsa kgaolo kwa Thrace le Anatolia.<ref>Driault, Édouard; Lhéritier, Michel (1926). ''Histoire diplomatique de la Grèce de 1821 à nos jours : La Grèce et la Grande Guerre - De la Révolution turque au traité de Lausanne (1908-1923)'' (in French). Vol. V. PUF.[https://web.archive.org/web/20150428173641/http://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/search/?dtab=m&search_type=simple&search_help=&display_mode=overview&wf_step=init&show_hidden=0&number=10&keep_number=10&cclterm1=Histoire+diplomatique+de+la+Gr%C3%A8ce&cclterm2=&cclterm3=&cclterm4=&cclterm5=&cclterm6=&cclterm7=&cclterm8=&cclfield1=term&cclfield2=&cclfield3=&cclfield4=&cclfield5=&cclfield6=&cclfield7=&cclfield8=&cclop1=&cclop2=&cclop3=&cclop4=&cclop5=&cclop6=&cclop7=&isp=&display_help=0&offset=1&search_coll%5Bmetadata%5D=1&&stored_cclquery=&skin=&rss=0&store_query=1&show_form=&old_offset=1&export_method=none&display_mode=detail&ioffset=1&offset=1&number=1&keep_number=10&old_offset=1&search_help=detail]</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, naga e ne ya nna e sa tlhomama mme dikgotlhang magareng ga Venizelos le ba lelapa la segosi ba ba neng ba le kwa botshwarwa di ne tsa tswelela. Tshwetso ya ga Alexander I ya go nyala Aspasia Manos go na le go nyala kgosigadi ya kwa Yuropa e ne ya kgopisa Tlhogo ya puso le batsadi ba Kgosi. Ka ntlha ya go rata ditlwaelo tsa loago, Sophia o ne a kgala se a neng a se bona e le kgolagano ya semorafe fa Tonakgolo ene a ne a bona mo lenyalong leno e le tshono e e latlhegileng ya go atamalana le Great Britain.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> '''Loso la ga Alexander''' Ka bobedi jwa Phalane 1920, Kgosi Alexander I o ne a longwa ke tshwene e e neng e le phologolo ya mo gae fa a ne a tsamaya mo ntlong ya segosi ya kwa Tatoi. Dintho tsa gagwe di ne tsa ruruga ka bonako mme a tshwarwa ke letshoroma le le kwa godimo le ke bolwetse jwa sepsis. Ka Phalane lesome le boferabongwe, o ne a simolola go idibala mme a bitsa mmaagwe gore a tle fa thoko ga bolao jwa gagwe. Le fa go ntse jalo, puso ya Gerika e ne ya gana go letla Sophia go boela kwa Gerika; ba ne ba tshaba gore batho ba ba ikanyegang ba tla solegelwa molemo ke go nna gone ga Kgosigadi kwa Athene go rulaganya go ba lwantsha.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Sophia o ne a kopa puso gore e mo letle go tsena mo nageng eo e e neng e tla nna loeto lwa gagwe lwa bofelo le morwawe. E re ka a ne a itse gore ke mogwagwadiagwe fela yo o neng a sa ntse a ratiwa ke batho ba ba neng ba batla go busa le ene, kgabagare o ne a kopa Kgosigadi Olga gore a ye kwa Athena go ya go tlhokomela Alexander. Morago ga go buisana ka malatsi a le mmalwa, Olga o ne a newa tetla ya go boela kwa Gerika. Mme o ne a diegisiwa ke lewatle le le sa iketlang mme a goroga diura di le lesome le bobedi morago ga loso lwa setlogolo sa gagwe, ka di 25 Phalane. <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0312324243[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref><ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> Malatsi a le mabedi morago ga moo, masalela a Kgosi e e neng e sa ntse e le mosha a ne a fitlhwa mo lebitleng la segosi kwa Tatoi. Gape, puso e ne ya iletsa maloko a segosi a a neng a le kwa botshwarwa go tsena mo nageng mme Kgosigadi ya Motlholagadi e ne e le ene fela leloko la lelapa go nna teng kwa phitlhong.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> Go tlhokafalelwa ke morwawe le go palelwa ke go ya kwa phitlhong ya gagwe go ne ga ama Sophia fela thata. Babogedi ba le bantsi ba ne ba lemoga kutlobotlhoko e e neng e bonala mo sefatlhegong sa ga Kgosigadi morago ga go latlhegelwa gono.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> '''Go wa ga Venizelos le puso ya ga Olga''' Kwa Athena, loso lwa ga Alexander I lo ne lwa baka mathata a a masisi a puso. E re ka puso ya ga Eleftherios Venizelos e ne e sa bolo go nna kgatlhanong le gore Constantine I le 'Diadochos George' ba boele kwa Gerika, e ne ya solofetsa Kgosana Paul, morwa wa boraro wa mmusi yo o neng a tlositswe, setulo sa bogosi. Le fa go ntse jalo, o ne a gana go tsaya setulo sa bogosi pele ga rraagwe le mogolowe ntle le fa referandamo e ne e mo tlhoma jaaka Tlhogo ya Naga e ntšhwa. <ref>Vickers, Hugo (2000). ''Alice, Princess Andrew of Greece''. Londres: Hamish Hamilton. ISBN <bdi>0-241-13686-5</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-241-13686-5]</ref><ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN 0750921471[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> Maemo a ba-Venizelist a ne a setse a le thata morago ga mathata a a neng a le teng mo nageng ka nako ya Ntwa ya Gerika le Turkey ya 1919-1922. Ka jalo, balatedi ba ga Kgosi Constantine I ba ne ba simolola go tuma gape mme Venizelos o ne a fenngwa mo ditlhophong tsa palamente tsa November 1920. Go boela ga babusaesi kwa pusong go ne ga dira gore badiredi ba puso ba Venizelist ba tlogele tiro mme ka di 17 Ngwanatsele Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis o ne a tlhophiwa go nna motlhankedi morago ga loso lwa Alexander I, o ne a tlhopha go tlogela tiro. Tonakgolo e ntšha Dimitrios Rallis, ka jalo o ne a kopa Kgosigadi ya Motlholagadi Olga go tsaya maemo a go nna motlhatlhami go fitlha morwawe a boa, ka di 19 Sedimonthole 1920. Mo e ka nnang kgwedi, e ne e le tlhogo ya bogosi jwa Gerika mme seabe sa gagwe se ne se lekanyeditswe fela mo go baakanyetseng go busediwa ga ga Constantine I.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref><ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN 0750921471[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> Ka nako eo, kwa Switzerland, lelapa la segosi le ne le ipaakanyetsa lenyalo la bana ba bone ba babedi le bana ba Kgosi Ferdinand I wa Romania. Dibeke di sekae pele ga loso lwa ga Alexander I, 'Diadochos George' o ne a beeletsana le Kgosigadi Elisabeth wa Romania, fa Kgosigadi Helen wa Greece a ne a beeletsane ka sephiri le Kgosana Carol wa Romania go tloga ka 1913. Sophia o ne a kgotsofaletse lenyalo la morwawe le le neng le tla, mme o ne a sa rate gore morwadie a ratane le Kgosana ya kwa Romania. E re ka Kgosigadi e ne e sa ntse e utlwisitswe botlhoko ke loso lwa ga Alexander, e ne e sa batle go latlhegelwa ke ngwana yo mongwe gape. Sophia o ne a sa tshepe Carol II wa mo isagweng, yo lenyalo la gagwe le tlhalo ya gagwe le Zizi Lambrino di neng di setse di mo tshositse.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0312324243[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> '''Kgosigadi ya Bagerika:''' '''Puso ya bobedi Go boela kwa Gerika''' Fa Constantine I le Sophia ba ne ba boela kwa Athena ka December 19, 1920, go ne ga nna le mekoloko e megolo ya boitumelo. Mo mebileng yotlhe, ditshwantsho tsa ga Venizelos di ne tsa ntshiwa mme tsa emisediwa ka tsa lelapa la segosi. Boidiidi jo bogolo bo ne jwa dikaganyetsa banyalani ba segosi mo mebileng ya motsemogolo mme, fa ba sena go boela kwa Royal Palace, ba ne ba tshwanelwa ke go tlhagelela kgapetsakgapetsa mo mabaleng go dumedisa batho ba ba neng ba ba dumedisa. <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref><ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Alejandra de Grecia con su abuela Sofía de Prusia.jpg|thumb|Kgosigadi Alexandra mo matsogong a nkokoagwe Kgosikgolo Sophia,Moranong 1921]] Le fa go ntse jalo, go nna gone ga babusi bano kwa Gerika ga go a ka ga tlisa kagiso e e neng e solofetswe. Tota e bile, ba e neng e le ditsala tsa bone ga ba a ka ba itshwarela Kgosi le Kgosigadi ka nako ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe I mme ba ne ba sa ipaakanyetsa go ba ema nokeng. <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref>Go se rate Constantine I le Sophia ga mebuso e megolo go ne ga bonala sentle fa go ne go ketekiwa lenyalo la ga Kgosigadi Helen le Kgosana ya kwa Romania e bong Carol kwa Athena. Moemedi wa Boritane le mosadi wa gagwe ba ba neng ba le teng kwa lenyalong leo, ba ne ba gana go dumedisa Kgosi le Kgosigadi ya Gerika mme gone ba ne ba tlotla Kgosigadi Marie wa Romania. Mo go Sophia, go ne go le thata go itshokela go tlontlololwa ka gonne o ne a ntse a le mo dikamanong tse di siameng le baemedi ba United Kingdom pele Constantine I a tlosiwa mo setulong mme o ne a tswelela go godisa maikutlo a lorato mo nageng ya ga mmaagwe.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Selo se segolo se se neng sa itumedisa Sophia fa a sena go boela kwa Gerika e ne e le go tsholwa ga setlogolo sa gagwe e bong Alexandra, ka Mopitlo 25, 1921. Le fa kwa tshimologong a ne a le kgatlhanong le lenyalo la ga Alexander le Aspasia Manos, Kgosigadi e ne ya amogela morwadiabone ka boitumelo mme ya gatelela monna wa gagwe le morwa wa gagwe yo mogolo gore ba neye morwadiabone maemo le direto tse di neetsweng maloko a lelapa la segosi.<ref>Mateos Sainz de Medrano, Ricardo (2004). ''La Familia de la Reina Sofía : La Dinastía griega, la Casa de Hannover y los reales primos de Europa'' (in Spanish). Madrid: La Esfera de los Libros. ISBN <bdi>84-9734-195-3</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-9734-195-3]</ref> <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> '''Masetlapelo a magolo''' Morago ga go atlega kwa tshimologong, maemo a masole a Bagerika a ne a nna maswe le go feta kwa Anatolia. Constantine I o ne a swetsa go etela koo ka Motsheganong 1921 go tshegetsa mowa wa ntwa; le fa go ntse jalo, e ne e se Molaodi-mogolo yo o matlhagatlhaga yo o neng a etelela naga ya gagwe pele go ya phenyong mo Dintweng tsa Balkan tsa 1912-1913. E re ka a ne a koafaditswe thata ke bolwetse, o ne a tshwanelwa ke go boela kwa Gerika ka Lwetse, e leng se bangwe ba neng ba se tsaya e le go ngwega mo bosoleng tota. <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref>Sophia ene o ne a ka dira go le gontsi go na le go thusa monna wa gagwe fela le go simolola tiro ya gagwe ya booki le masole a a gobetseng.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Ntwa ya Gerika le Turkey e ne ya tswelela go fitlha fa Gerika e fenya Sakarya ka Phatwe le Lwetse ka 1921, le go dikaganyediwa le go fisiwa ga Smyrna (e jaanong e leng İzmir) ke Ba-Turkey ka Lwetse ka 1922. Morago ga ditiragalo tseno, naga e ne ya wela mo mathateng a magolo a sepolotiki le a boitsholo. <ref>Bertin, Célia (1982). ''Marie Bonaparte'' (in French). Paris: Perrin. ISBN 226201602X[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/226201602X]</ref> Fa Mustafa Kemal le masole a gagwe ba ne ba gapa Anatolia le botlhaba jwa Thrace, diketekete tsa Bagerika di ne tsa bolawa mme ba bangwe ba ne ba tshaba go tswa kwa Asia Minor go ya go batla botshabelo kwa Greece.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> Se se ne sa bidiwa "Masetlapelo a Magolo", a a neng a nna teng morago ga dikgwedi di le mmalwa ka go saeniwa ga Tumalano ya Lausanne (24 Phukwi 1923). '''Go rola marapo ga ga Constantine I''' Go tsibogela go fenngwa ga masole ke Ba-Turkey, karolo ya sesole sa Gerika, e e neng e laolwa ke Mojenerale Nikolaos Plastiras, e ne ya tsuologa ka 11 Lwetse 1922 (go ya ka khalendara ya Julian, 24 Lwetse go ya ka khalendara ya Gregorian e e dirisiwang mo lefatsheng lotlhe). Ba ne ba batla gore Constantine I a tlogele bogosi le gore Palamente ya Gerika e fedisiwe. Morago ga go buisana le tsala ya gagwe, General Ioannis Metaxas, Kgosi o ne a tlogela bogosi malatsi a le mararo morago ga moo ka 27 Lwetse a direla morwa wa gagwe yo mogolo, yo o neng a mo tlhatlhama mo setulong sa bogosi ka leina la George II.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN 0750921471[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref><ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> '''Kgosigadi ya Motlholagadi''' '''Botshwarwa jwa Bobedi le go tshwenyega ka Gerik''' Constantine I le Sophia ba ne ba tlhopha gape go ya botshwarwa gore ba sireletsege le gore morwaabone a nne mo setulong sa bogosi. Ka 30 Diphalane 1922 banyalani ba bogosi ba ba neng ba tlositswe mo setulong, Dikgosigadi Irene le Katherine le Kgosana Nicholas le ba lelapa la gagwe, ba ne ba ya gape kwa boemakepeng jwa Oropos go tswa mo nageng ya bone mme, go farologana le se se diragetseng ka 1917, balatedi ba le mmalwa ba ne ba ba emetse mo nakong eno pele ga go tsamaya ga bone go ya botshwarong. <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref><ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Ba lelapa la bogosi ba ne ba goroga kwa Sicily ka sekepe sa sekepe sa Greek sa SS Patris mme ba fudugela kwa Villa Hygeia kwa Palermo.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref>Boemo jwa sepolotiki jwa kwa Gerika bo ne jwa tswelela e le selo se se tshwenyang batshwarwa. Tota e bile, kwa Athena, se go neng go twe ke Tsheko ya Ba ba Thataro se ne sa dira gore go bolawe ba e kileng ya bo e le Ditonakgolo e bong Petros Protopapadakis, Nikolaos Stratos le Dimitrios Gounaris le Bagenerale e bong Georgios Baltatzis, Nikolaos Theotokis le Georgios Hatzianestis, botlhe ba ne ba latofadiwa ka gore ke bone ba dirileng gore Turkey e fenngwe. Mo godimo ga tsotlhe, botshelo jwa ga Kgosana Andrew, morwarraagwe Constantine I, bo ne bo tshosediwa gape ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele/ Sedimonthole 1922 mme ke fela ka thuso ya dipuso tsa dinaga di sele a neng a fetola katlholo ya gagwe go tswa mo losong go ya kwa botshwarong. <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> '''Loso lwa ga Constantine I le go tlosiwa ga ga George II mo setulong''' [[Setshwantsho:Sophia of Prussia, dowager queen of Greece.jpg|thumb|{{circa}}1923.]] E re ka Constantine I a ne a ntse a tshwenyega thata mo maikutlong ka ntlha ya ditiragalo tse di neng di tshositse Gerika e bile a tshwerwe ke bolwetse jwa arteriosclerosis, o ne a tshwenyega thata mo maikutlong. Ka dinako tse dingwe o ne a fetsa diura di le dintsi a sa bue sepe, a lebile fela mo lefaufaung. E re ka a ne a lebane le seemo seno, go tlhobaela ga ga Sophia (go go neng go setse go oketsegile ka ntlha ya se se neng se diragaletse George II le maloko a mangwe a lelapa la segosi a a neng a setse kwa Greece), go ne ga oketsega fela. Ka jalo, Kgosigadi le monna wa gagwe ba ne ba dira tshwetso ya go tswa kwa Sicily mme ba ya go nna kwa Florence. Le fa go ntse jalo, Constantine I o ne a tlhokafala ka ntlha ya go dutla madi mo bobokong nakwana fela pele ga ba tsamaya, ka di 11 Ferikgong 1923, mme Sophia o ne a iphitlhela a le nosi go feta jaaka a ne a ntse pele.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Morago ga loso lwa monna wa gagwe, Sophia o ne a batla go busetsa masalela a gagwe kwa gae go fitlhwa kwa Tatoi mme puso ya Gerika e ne ya gana, ka George II a sa kgone go dira sepe.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref>Tota e bile, seemo sa Kgosi e ntšha se ne se ntse se le kotsi mme kwa bofelong, ene ka boene o ne a ya kwa botshwarong kwa Romania dikgwedi di le mmalwa morago ga loso lwa ga rraagwe, ka 19 Sedimonthole 1923. Rephaboliki e ne ya tlhongwa kwa Greece ka 25 Mopitlwe 1924 mme Sophia le maloko a mangwe a lelapa la segosi ba ne ba tseelwa bosetšhaba jwa bone jwa Hellenic. Le fa go ntse jalo, dikgosi tsa kwa Gerika di ne tsa tswelela go nna le direto tsa bone tsa kwa Denmark fa e sale George I a nna kgosi ya Gerika ka 1863 mme Kgosi Christian IX wa kwa Denmark o ne a ba naya dipaseporoto tsa kwa Denmark ka bonako. <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0312324243[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref><ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN 0750921471[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> '''Dingwaga tsa bofelo''' [[Setshwantsho:Bust of Queen Sophie of Greece, 1936 (Antonio Sciortino), MUŻA, Valletta.jpg|thumb|Kgosigadi Sophia ka mobupi wa Maltese ebong [[:en:Antonio_Sciortino|Antonio Sciortino]], 1936]] Sophia, yo jaanong e neng e le Kgosigadi ya Motlholagadi, o ne a tswa kwa Borwa jwa Italy le bomorwadie e bong Irene le Katherine mme ba fudugela kwa Tuscany, kwa Villa Bobolina<ref>When Sophia died, this villa of the 15th century was bought by her eldest daughter Helen, Queen Mother of Romania, who renamed it ''Villa Sparta''. That is why several sources give that name to the [[:en:Special:BookSources/0750921471|residence]]</ref>ya Fiesole. <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref><ref>Mateos Sainz de Medrano, Ricardo (2004). ''La Familia de la Reina Sofía : La Dinastía griega, la Casa de Hannover y los reales primos de Europa'' (in Spanish). Madrid: La Esfera de los Libros. ISBN <bdi>84-9734-195-3</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-9734-195-3]</ref>Go tloga ka 1924 go fitlha ka 1927, basadi ba bararo ba ne ba kopanngwa le Dikgosigadi Aspasia le Alexandra, go itumedisa Sophia thata, ka gonne o ne a rata setlogolo sa gagwe thata.<ref>Mateos Sainz de Medrano, Ricardo (2004). ''La Familia de la Reina Sofía : La Dinastía griega, la Casa de Hannover y los reales primos de Europa'' (in Spanish). Madrid: La Esfera de los Libros. ISBN <bdi>84-9734-195-3</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-9734-195-3]</ref><ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref>Ka 1930, Kgosigadi Helen le ene o ne a tla go nna le mmaagwe morago ga lenyalo la gagwe le le neng la felela ka tlhalo le Kgosi Carol II wa Romania. Ka nako ya malatsi a boikhutso a selemo, Kgosigadi ya Motlholagadi e ne ya nna le tshono ya go bona setlogolo sa gagwe e bong Kgosana Michael wa Romania, fa a ne a etetse mmaagwe. <ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> A dikologilwe ke balelapa la gagwe, Sophia o ne a nna a ritibetse, mme ka a ne a dumela gore Gerika e ka se nne repaboliki go ya go ile, o ne a gana go reka ntlo ya bonno koo a neng a nna gone.<ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref>E re ka jaanong a ne a sa tlhole a na le maemo ape a semmuso, o ne a na le kgololesego e kgolwane ya go tsaya maeto. O ne a ya kwa Jeremane gangwe le gape, koo a neng a kopana gape le kgaitsadie Margaret, mme gape le kwa Great Britain, morago ga go bona tetla go tswa go Kgosi George V.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Kgosigadi ya Motlholagadi gape e ne e le mosupi wa dinako tse di maatla mo botshelong jwa batlotlegi ba Yuropa. Ka 1929, o ne a ya kwa Doorn kwa Netherlands go ya go keteka letsatsi la matsalo la bo 70 la ga morwarraagwe, mmusimogolo William II, yo a neng a sa mmona fa e sale ka 1914. <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0312324243[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> Fa Sophie a ntse a gola, o ne a simolola go rata bodumedi thata. O ne a nna a ntse a le mo bodumeding jwa Orthodox, mme gape o ne a ya dikopanong tsa kereke ya Anglican fa a ne a kgona. Kgosigadi e ne e kgatlhegela gape le dibuka tsa Baporotesetanta, segolobogolo dibuka tsa moruti wa Episcopal e bong Samuel Shoemaker (segolobogolo Religion That Works le Twice Born Ministers) le tsa Moruti wa Presbyterian Rev. James Reid (In Touch With Christ [Go Ikgolaganya le Keresete]). Kgabagare, o ne a nna a kwalelana le moruti wa Anglican e bong R. W. Cole, yo a kopaneng nae kwa Birchington, mme a fetsa diura tse ditelele a rapela.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref> '''Bolwetse, loso le phitlho''' [[Setshwantsho:Tomb of Queen Sophia of Greece.jpg|thumb|Lebitla la Kgosigadi Sophia of Greece at Tatoi]] Sophia o ne a lwala ka dingwaga di le dintsi, mme go tloga ka 1930 bolwetse jwa gagwe bo ne jwa nna maswe le go feta, e leng se se neng sa dira gore a ye go alafiwa kwa bookelong jwa kwa Frankfurt. Go lebega a ne a setse a fodile ka Sedimonthole, mme o ne a dirisa maatla a gagwe ka botlalo mme ka 1931 o ne a ya kwa Great Britain, Bavaria le Venice. Mme ka September, boemo jwa gagwe bo ne jwa nna maswe gape mme o ne a tshwanelwa ke go boela kwa Frankfurt, kwa a neng a ariwa gone. E ne e le ka yone nako eno fa dingaka di ne di lemoga gore o na le kankere e e neng e setse e etegetse mme ba ne ba raya Kgosigadi ya Motlholagadi ba re o tla tshela dibeke di sekae fela. Morago ga meletlo ya Ngwaga o Mosha wa 1932, ka iketlo Sophia o ne a tlogela go ja mme botsogo jwa gagwe bo ne jwa koafala ka bonako. Kgabagare o ne a tlhokafala a dikologilwe ke bana ba gagwe kwa bookelong, ka 13 Ferikgong 1932. <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref><ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> Mmele wa ga Sophia o ne wa fudusediwa kwa kagong ya phemelo ya Friedrichshof, koo a neng a ikhutsa malatsi a sekae pele a romelwa kwa Kerekeng ya Russia kwa Florence, koo a neng a fitlhwa teng mmogo le monna wa gagwe le matsalaagwe. Ba ne ba nna koo dingwaga di le nne go fitlha George II a busediwa mo setulong sa bogosi sa Greece ka 1935. <ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref><ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> Morago ga gore a busediwe mo setulong sa bogosi sa Gerika, George II o ne a rulaganya go busediwa ga masalela a maloko a lelapa la gagwe a a neng a tlhokafetse kwa botshwarong. E ne e le moletlo o o botlhokwa wa bodumedi o o neng wa dira gore maloko otlhe a lelapa la segosi a a neng a sa ntse a tshela a kopane mmogo ka malatsi a le marataro ka November 1936. Mmele wa ga Sophia o ne wa fitlhwa kwa mabitleng a segosi kwa Tatoi Palace, koo a sa ntseng a ikhuditse teng le gompieno.<ref>Gelardi, Julia P. (2005). ''Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN <bdi>0312324243</bdi>.[https://archive.org/details/borntorulefivere00juli]</ref><ref>Van der Kiste, John (1994). ''Kings of the Hellenes : The Greek Kings, 1863-1974''. ISBN <bdi>0750921471</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750921471]</ref> '''Diakhaefe''' [[Setshwantsho:Coat of Arms of Sophia of Prussia.svg|thumb|Coat of Arms ya ga Sophia ya Prussia]] Makwalo a ga Sophia a a kwaletsweng kgaitsadie Margaret a bolokilwe mo Archive of the House of Hesse, e e bolokilweng kwa Fasanerie Palace kwa Eichenzell, kwa Jeremane.<ref>"Archiv und Bibliothek des Hauses Hessen". Museum Schloss Fasanerie. Retrieved 23 May 2023.[https://www.schloss-fasanerie.de/schloss-fasanerie/archiv-des-hauses-hessen/]</ref> '''Mo setsong se se tumileng''' '''Dibuka''' * Mo bukeng ya The Athenians, mokwaladikgang wa kwa Boritane e bile e le mokwadi e bong Beverley Nichols o bua ka kgang ya lekgarebe lengwe la Moesemane le le neng la latofadiwa ke Secret Intelligence Service ka gore le bolaye Kgosi Constantine I ka nako ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe I. Le fa go ntse jalo, buka eno ya ditlhola, e e neng e tlhotlheleditswe ke patlisiso e e neng ya dirwa ke mokwadi kwa Gerika morago ga go busediwa ga puso, ga e ise e ko e gololwe ka gonne ntlo ya Nichols ya go gatisa e ne ya e tsaya e le e e tshwenyang thata. Tiro e, e e neng e neetswe Kgosigadi Sophia, e teng gompieno fela ka mokgwa wa mokwalo wa seatla. <ref>Bryan Connon, ''Beverley Nichols : A Life'', Timber Press, 2001, pp. 108-109</ref> '''Filimi le thelebishene''' * Seabe sa ga Sophia se tshamekiwa ke motshameki Olga Karlatos mo filiming ya Greek Eleftherios Venizelos of Pantelis Voulgaris (1980).<ref>''Eleftherios Venizelos 1910-1927'' in: imdb.com[retrieved 6 July 2016].[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0164021/]</ref> * Sophia o ne gape a tshamekiwa ke motshameki wa motshameko wa kwa Greece Antigoni Amanitou mo American mini-series ya dikarolo tse pedi The First Olympics: Athens 1896, e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke Alvin Rakoff (1984).<ref>'The First Olympics - Athens 1896 ''in: imdb.com[retrieved 6 July 2016][https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0086713/]''</ref> * Sophia o ne a tshamekwa ke motshameki wa Moesemane Sophie Trott mo filiming ya kwa Boritane ya Victoria & Abdul (2017). '''DiPhaleristics''' * Ka 1936, Taelo ya Baitshepi Olga le Sophia (Greek: Basilikon oikogeneiakon tagma ton agion Olgas kai Sophias) e ne ya tlhomiwa ke Kgosi George II wa Greece go gopola mmagwemogolo le mmaagwe.<ref>''Greece Orders - Decorations - Medals'' in: Antiques Atoz [retrieved 6 July 2016].[http://www.antiquesatoz.com/orders/greord.htm]</ref><ref>''Greece House of Oldenburg (Greek Orthodox)'' in: icocregister.org [retrieved 6 July 2016][http://www.icocregister.org/2002dynastic.htm]</ref> '''Leina la Tselana''' * Kwa Athene, Vasilissis Sofias Avenue (Greek) e ne ya reelelwa ka Kgosigadi Sophia. Tsela eno e kgolo, e e simololang kwa makopanelong a Vasilissis Amalias Avenue le Panepistimiou Street mme e bo e felela kwa Alexandras, Kifisias le Mesogeion Avenues, e ne e na le dingwe tsa dikago tse dikgolo tsa motse-mogolo wa Gerika: Old Royal Palace, National Garden ya Athena, Byzantine and Christian Museum le War Museum. == Metswedi == ie5mtc913p0pqgcek4gskbeo6c0ci8d 0 9724 57000 37288 2026-11-02T14:18:17Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 57000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|name=Tainara|full_name=Tainara de Souza da Silva<ref name=SW>{{Soccerway|tainara-de-souza-da-silva/433221|access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref>|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1999|4|21}}<ref name=SW/>|birth_place=[[Brasília]], Brazil|height=1.69 m<ref name=SW/>|position=[[Defender (association football)#Centre-back|Centre back]]|currentclub=[[FC Bayern Munich (women)|Bayern Munich]]|clubnumber=13|clubs1={{ill|São Francisco do Conde Esporte Clube|lt=São Francisco|pt}}|years1=2016–2017|caps1=16|goals1=0|clubs2=[[Esporte Clube Vitória|Vitória]]|years2=2017–2019|caps2=21|goals2=2|clubs3=[[Santos FC (women)|Santos]]|years3=2020|caps3=8|goals3=1|clubs4=[[Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras (women)|Palmeiras]]|years4=2021|caps4=16|goals4=2|clubs5=v|years5=2022|caps5=10|goals5=0|years6=2022–|clubs6=[[FC Bayern Munich (women)|Bayern Munich]]|caps6=18|goals6=1|nationalteam-update=14:12, 26 April 2024 (UTC)|club-update=14:12, 26 April 2024 (UTC)|nationalteam1=[[Brazil women's national under-17 football team|Brazil U17]]|nationalyears1=2016|nationalcaps1=3|nationalgoals1=0|nationalyears2=2018|nationalteam2=[[Brazil women's national under-20 football team|Brazil U20]]|nationalcaps2=5|nationalgoals2=0|nationalyears3=2021–|nationalteam3=[[Brazil women's national football team|Brazil]]|nationalcaps3=25|nationalgoals3=0}} [[Setshwantsho:FC Bayern 5 Stars.png|thumb|Setshwantsho sa setlhopha sa FC Bayern Munich]] '''Tainara de Souza da Silva''' (yo o tshotsweng Moranang wa 1999 a le masome mabedi le motso) a itsege motlhofo ka '''Tainara''' kana nako dingwe '''Tay''', ke motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao e e porofeshionale wa kwa Brazil yo o tshamekang mo legareng la itshireletso kwa setlhopheng sa Jeremane sa [[FC Bayern Munich (bomme)|Bayern Munich]] le setlhopha sa setshaba sa bomme sa Brazil. == Tiro ya setlhopha == '''<big>São Francisco</big>''' A tsholetswe kwa Brasília, Federal District, Tainara o dirile tshameko ya gagwe ya ntlha le São Francisco ka 2016. O dirile tshameko ya gagwe ya ntlha ya liki kgatlhanong le Vitória ka Firikgong wa 2016 a le masome mabedi le bosupa.<ref>"[https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2016/01/27/brazil/brasileiro-feminino/academica-vitoria/sao-francisco/2179099/ Vitória PE vs São Francisco - 27 January 2016]". ''int.soccerway.com''.</ref> '''<big>Vitória</big>''' Morago o ne a tshamekela Vitória. Tainara o nositse nno ya gagwe ya ntlha ya liki kgatlhanong le Minas Brasilia ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le borataro ka 2019, a nosa mo motsotsong wa masome a ferabobedi le boferabongwe.<ref>"[https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2019/04/26/brazil/brasileiro-feminino/ec-vitoria/minas-icesp/2992023/ Vitória BA vs Minas Brasilia - 26 April 2019]". ''int.soccerway.com''.</ref> '''<big>Santos</big>''' Tainara a ya kwa Santos ka Firikgong wa 2020.<ref>"[https://www.diariodopeixe.com.br/noticias/santos-apresenta-elenco-das-sereias-e-treinador-revela-que-vai-subir-atletas-da-base/ Santos apresenta elenco das Sereias e atletas da base serão promovidas]" [Santos present squad of the ''Sereias'' and youth athletes will be promoted] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário do Peixe. 27 January 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2022.</ref> O ne a dira tshameko ya gagwe ya ntlha ya liki kgatlhanong le Iranduba ka Tlhakole a le lesome le bone ka 2020.<ref>"[https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/02/14/brazil/brasileiro-feminino/iranduba/santos-futebol-clube/3193643/ Iranduba vs Santos - 14 February 2020]". ''int.soccerway.com''.</ref> Tainara o nositse nno ya gagwe ya ntlha ya lliki kgatlhanong le Osasco Audax, a nosa mo motsotsong wa lesome le boferabobedi.<ref>"[https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/08/26/brazil/brasileiro-feminino/santos-futebol-clube/osasco-audax/3193736/ Santos vs Audax - 26 August 2020]". ''int.soccerway.com''.</ref> '''<big>Palmeiras</big>''' E le mosimolodi wa ka gale wa Santos, Tainara a fudugela kwa Palmeiras ka Firikgong a le lesome le botlhano ka 2021.<ref>"[https://www.palmeiras.com.br/noticias/zagueira-da-selecao-brasileira-tainara-reforca-equipe-feminina-do-verdao/ Zagueira da Seleção Brasileira, Tainara reforça equipe feminina do Verdão]" [Stopper of the Brazil national team, Tainara bolsters women's team of the ''Verdão''] (in Brazilian Portuguese). SE Palmeiras. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2022.</ref> O nositse mo tshamekong ya gagwe ya ntlha ya liki, a nosa kgatlhanong le Ferroviária ka Moranang a le lesome le boferabongwe ka 2021, a nosa mo motsotsong wa masome mane le botlhano le metsotso e le meraro ya tlaleletso.<ref>"[https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/04/19/brazil/brasileiro-feminino/se-palmeiras/ferroviaria-futebol/3468264/ Palmeiras vs Ferroviária - 19 April 2021]". ''int.soccerway.com''.</ref> <big>'''Bordeaux'''</big> Pele ga ngwaga moragonyana, a fudugela kwa moseja fa a sena go saena tumalano ya ngwaga tse pedi le sephatlo le setlhopha sa kwa Fora sa Bordeaux.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20221009063359/https://www.girondins.com/en/news/33485/tainara-an-excellent-signing-for-bordeaux Tainara, an excellent signing for Bordeaux]". FC Girondins de Bordeaux. 13 January 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2022.</ref> Tainara a dira tshameko ya gagwe ya ntlha ya liki kgatlhanong le Stade de Reims ka Firikgong a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2022.<ref>"[https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2022/01/22/france/feminine-division-1/es-blanquefort/france-stade-de-reims/3567589/ Bordeaux vs Stade de Reims - 22 January 2022]". ''int.soccerway.com''.</ref> '''<big>Bayern Munich</big>''' Tainara o ne a begiwa kwa Bayern Munich ka Motsheganong a le masome mararo le motso ka 2022.<ref>"[https://fcbayern.com/frauen/de/news/2022/05/fc-bayern-frauen-neuzugang-tainara-de-souza-da-silva FCB-Frauen verpflichten Brasilianerin Tainara de Souza da Silva]". ''FCBayern''.</ref> O dirile tshameko ya gagwe ya ntlha ya liki kgatlhanong le Eintracht Frankfurt ka Lwetse a le lesome le borataro ka 2022.<ref>"[https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2022/09/16/germany/frauen-bundesliga/eintracht-frankfurt/fc-bayern-munchen/3833310/ Eintracht Frankfurt vs Bayern Munich - 16 September 2022]". ''int.soccerway.com''.</ref> Tainara a nosa nno ya gagwe ntlha ya liki kgatlhanong Köln ka Phalane a le lesome le borataro ka 2022, a nosa mo motsotsong wa bo masome marataro le boferabobedi.<ref>"[https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2022/10/16/germany/frauen-bundesliga/fc-bayern-munchen/1fc-koln/3833333/ Bayern Munich vs Köln - 16 October 2022]". ''int.soccerway.com''.</ref> O ne a nna motshameki wa ntlha wa kwa Brazil go nosetsa Bayern Munich.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20250320230428/https://www.lance.com.br/futebol-internacional/zagueira-tainara-se-torna-a-primeira-brasileira-a-marcar-gol-pelo-bayern-de-munique.html Zagueira Tainara se torna a primeira brasileira a marcar gol pelo Bayern de Munique]". ''Lance''.</ref> == Metswedi == d8hhkkhsxlsm2982rql2wtx2itqawjh 0 9978 57005 55950 2026-11-02T15:17:16Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 57005 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tyla Laura Seethal''' (yo o bidiwang Tyla; o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Firikgong e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 2002) ke moopedi le mokwadi wa dipina wa kwa Aforika Borwa. O itsege e le “[[:en:Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music|Queen of Popiano]]" (Kgosigadi ya Popiano), mme mokgwa wa gagwe wa mmino o kopanya mefuta ya mmino ya [[:en:Pop_music|pop]] le [[:en:Amapiano|amapiano]]. O tsholetswe a bo a godisetswa kwa [[:en:Johannesburg|Johannesburg]]. Tyla o ne a ikanisa konteraka le [[:en:Epic_Records|Epic Records]] ka ngwaga wa 2021 morago ga katlego ya pina ya gagwe ya ntlha, “[[:en:Getting_Late_(Tyla_song)|Getting Late]]”, e e golotsweng ka ngwaga wa 2019. Pina ya gagwe ya ngwaga wa 2023, “[[:en:Water_(Tyla_song)|Water]]”, e ne ya dira jaaka kgatelopele ya gagwe ya boditšhabatšhaba. E ne e le pina ya ntlha ya moopedi a le nosi wa kwa Aforika Borwa go tsena mo US Billboard Hot 100 morago ga dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le botlhano, mme a amogela sekgele sa ntlha sa [[:en:Grammy_Awards|Grammy Award]] sa tiragatso e e gaisang ya mmino wa Aforika "[[:en:Grammy_Award_for_Best_African_Music_Performance|Best African Music Performance]]." Pina e e ne ya tla pele ga [[:en:Tyla_(album)|kgobokanyo ya dipina tse di gololwang mmogo ya gagwe ya ntlha]] e e neng a e ipitsang (ngwaga wa 2024), e e neng ya gololwa go akgolwa ke batshwayadiphoso le katlego e e magareng ya kgwebo. Ka ngwaga wa 2025, o ne a golola [[:en:Extended_play|kgobokanyo e khutshwane ya dipina]] (EP),e e bidiwang [[:en:WWP_(EP)|WWP]] mme a simolola loeto lo lo tsamayang le yone go e rotloetsa. Se se ne sa latelwa ke kgobokanyo ya dipina tse di gololwang mmogo ya gagwe ya bobedi ya mmino, [[:en:A*Pop|A*Pop]], ka ngwaga wa 2026. Kgobokanyo ya dipina tse di gololwang mmogo e e ne ya akgolwa ke batshwayadiphoso mme ya tsala pina ya “[[:en:Chanel_(Tyla_song)|Chanel]]”, e e neng ya tsena mo dipineng tse di masome a mabedi tse di kwa godimo tsa [[:en:Billboard_Global_200|''Billboard'' Global 200]]. Tyla ke moopedi yo mmotlana wa kwa Aforika yo mo ditsog a kileng a fenya sekgele sa [[:en:Grammy_Award|Grammy Award]], ka dikgele tse pedi. Dikgele tse dingwe tse a di boneng di akaretsa dikgele tse pedi tsa Mmino wa ditshwantso tse di tshikinyegang tsa MTV, Dikgele tse pedi tsa BET, [[:en:MTV_Europe_Music_Awards|Dikgele tsa Mmino wa MTV Europe]] tse tharo, gareng ga ditlhopho tsa [[:en:Brit_Awards|sekgele sa BRIT]], [[:en:Ivor_Novello_Awards|sekgele sa Ivor Novello]], [[:en:Soul_Train_Music_Awards|sekgele sa Mmino wa Soul Train]] le [[:en:South_African_Music_Awards|dikgele tsa Mmino wa Aforika Borwa]] di le borobabongwe. == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele le thuto == Tyla Laura Seethal<ref>Birjalal, Alyssia (11 June 2024). [https://www.iol.co.za/sunday-tribune/entertainment/from-music-to-fashion-tyla-is-making-major-moves-as-she-builds-her-brand-250825fd-26c0-4284-9a3c-34e414fd3ecf "From music to fashion, Tyla is making major moves as she builds her brand".] [[:en:Independent_Online|''Independent Online''.]] Retrieved 10 August 2024. <q>The 22-year-old</q></ref> o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mararo ka ngwagawa 2002<ref>Atkinson, Katie (31 January 2026). [https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/tyla-birthday-epic-records-hennessy-grammy-party-video-1236168774/ "Watch Tyla Get Serenaded by Epic Records Grammy Party for Her 24th Birthday: 'Make a Wish, T!'"]. ''Billboard''. Retrieved 6 February 2026.</ref> kwa [[:en:Edenvale,_South_Africa|Edenvale]], kwa [[:en:East_Rand|East Rand]] ya [[:en:Gauteng|Gauteng]],<ref>Zwane-Ejike, Nokuthula (12 January 2024). [https://www.news24.com/you/celebs/local/a-grammy-nod-big-collaborations-and-a-new-album-on-the-way-singer-tyla-is-unstoppable-20240112 "A Grammy nod, big collaborations and a new album on the way – singer Tyla is unstoppable!".] ''[[:en:News24_(website)|News24]]''. [[:en:You_(South_African_magazine)|You]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240328135441/https://www.news24.com/you/celebs/local/a-grammy-nod-big-collaborations-and-a-new-album-on-the-way-singer-tyla-is-unstoppable-20240112 Archived] from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.</ref><ref>Tjiya, Emmanuel (9 June 2023). "[https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/s-mag/fashion-beauty/2023-06-09-tyla-the-girl-next-door/ Tyla: The girl next door"]. ''[[:en:The_Sowetan|The Sowetan]]''. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28688177 28688177]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240328135442/https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/s-mag/fashion-beauty/2023-06-09-tyla-the-girl-next-door/ Archived] from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.</ref> ke batsadi ba gagwe Sharleen le Sherwin Seethal.<ref>Caruso, Skyler. [https://people.com/all-about-tyla-parents-sharleen-and-sherwin-seethal-8644674 "All About Tyla's Parents, Sharleen and Sherwin Seethal"]. ''People.com''. People Magazine. Retrieved 13 January 2026.</ref> Ke motho wa setso sa [[:en:Coloureds|bokutwane]], mme o na le losika lwa [[:en:Zulu_people|BaZulu]], [[:en:Indian_people|Makula]] kgotsa [[:en:Indo-Mauritian|makula a lefatshe la Mauritius]], le [[:en:Irish_people|Ba lefatshe la Ireland]].<ref name=":1">Kelly, Jade (1 March 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20220414021258/https://www.breakroomafrica.com/music/2021/3/1/the-year-of-tyla "The Year of Tyla"]. ''Breakroom Africa''. Archived from [https://www.breakroomafrica.com/music/2021/3/1/the-year-of-tyla the original] on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2023.</ref><ref name=":2">Kawalik, Tracy (20 September 2023). [https://www.rollingstone.co.uk/music/tyla-singer-south-african-amapiano-32847/ "Tyla: 'I'm a rock-star Barbie doll'"]. ''[[:en:Rolling_Stone|Rolling Stone]] (UK)''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231004191433/https://www.rollingstone.co.uk/music/tyla-singer-south-african-amapiano-32847/ Archived] from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.</ref><ref>References: Ho Hip, Chanté (21 November 2023). [https://web.archive.org/web/20231124124508/https://947.co.za/articles/2023/11/21/why-tyla-s-global-success-means-south-africa-has-to-explain-being-coloured-again "Why Tyla's global success means South Africa has to explain being coloured again"]. [[:en:947_(radio_station)|''947'']]. Archived from [https://947.co.za/articles/2023/11/21/why-tyla-s-global-success-means-south-africa-has-to-explain-being-coloured-again the original] on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20231024142555/https://www.fax.nyc/tylabio Biography: TYLA]". FAX Records ([[:en:Epic_Records|''Epic'']]). United States: [[:en:Sony_Music_Entertainment|Sony Music Entertainment.]] Archived from [https://www.fax.nyc/tylabio the original] on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023. Murray, Robin (7 November 2022). [https://www.clashmusic.com/track-of-the-day/track-of-the-day-7-11-tyla/ "Track Of The Day 7/11 – Tyla"]. [[:en:Clash_(magazine)|Clash]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231027095316/https://www.clashmusic.com/track-of-the-day/track-of-the-day-7-11-tyla/ Archived] from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.</ref> O goletse kwa [[:en:Johannesburg|Johannesburg]], mme o ne a aloga kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Edenglen ka ngwaga wa 2019, kwa a neng a direla jaaka Moeteledipele wa Setso.<ref>Frans, Karien (3 March 2021). [https://www.awsumnews.co.za/regions/gauteng-johannesburg/jhb-east/former-edenglen-high-learners-releases-music-video/ "Former Edenglen High learners releases music video"]. ''AWSUM School News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210303131120/https://www.awsumnews.co.za/regions/gauteng-johannesburg/jhb-east/former-edenglen-high-learners-releases-music-video/ Archived] from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2023</ref> Tyla ke wa boraro mo baneng ba le batlhano. Motsalwaleene yo mmotlana wa mosetsana, Sydney Seethal, ke mmotshwantshi wa diaparo le modiri wa diteng tsa maranyane,<ref>Tjiya, Emmanuel (29 September 2025)[https://www.sowetan.co.za//s-mag/fashion-beauty/2025-09-29-sister-act-getting-to-know-sydney-seethal/ . "Sister act! Getting to know Sydney Seethal".] ''[[:en:The_Sowetan|Sowetan]]''. Retrieved 7 May 2026.</ref> mme o kile a tlhagelela le Tyla mo letsholong la diaparo tsa paka ya dikgakologo tsa ngwaga wa 2025 la [[:en:H&M|H&M,]] e leng kgwebo ya diaparo ya kwa Sweden.<ref>Tarafa, Laura (20 March 2025). [https://www.elle.com/fashion/shopping/a64206633/tyla-hm-spring-2025-campaign-interview/ "Tyla Channels '70s Rock in H&M's Spring Campaign"]. ''[[:en:Elle_(magazine)|Elle]]''. Retrieved 7 May 2026.</ref> Mo ngwageng wa gagwe wa bofelo kwa sekolong se segolo, Tyla o ne a simolola go latelela tiro ya mmino, a abelana dipina tse a neng a di itlhametse le [[:en:Cover_version|dipina tsa ba bangwe tse a neng a di opela ka tsela ya gagwe]] mo [[:en:Instagram|Instagram]], fa ka nako e e tshwanang a batla ditshono mo madirelong a mmino. O ne a lemogiwa ke motsamaisi wa gagwe wa ntlha, Garth von Glehn, yo o neng a rulaganya gore a simolole go gatisa dipina mo lefelong le go dirwang kgotsa go gatisiwang mmino mo go lone.. Mo ngwageng wa gagwe wa bofelo kwa sekolong se segolo, o ne a dirisa mafelo a beke otlhe mo lefelong le go dirwang kgotsa go gatisiwang mmino mo go lone. == Tiro == === Ngwaga wa 2019 go fitlha 2022: Tshimologo ya tiro ya mmino === Kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2019,<ref name=":1" /> morago ga go wetsa sekolo se segolo, Tyla o ne a golola pina ya gagwe ya ntlha e e bidiwang "[[:en:Getting_Late_(Tyla_song)|Getting Late]]", e e neng e dirilwe mmino ke Kooldrink e e neng ya atlega mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":2" /> Setshwantso sa motshikiyego sa pina e e ne ya gatisiwa ke motsamaisi wa gagwe ka dinako tse di farologaneng fa go ne go [[:en:COVID-19_lockdowns|tswaletswe batho kwa magaeng ka ntlha ya COVID 19.]]<ref>Mamo, Heran (31 October 2023). [https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/tyla-water-rb-hip-hop-rookie-of-the-month-october-1235449715/ "From a 'Normal Girl in South Africa' to a Rising 'Popiano' Star, Tyla is Making Major Waves with 'Water'".] ''[[:en:Billboard_(magazine)|Billboard]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231101100036/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/tyla-water-rb-hip-hop-rookie-of-the-month-october-1235449715/ Archived] from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.</ref> Setshwantso se sa motshikiyego se ne sa gololwa ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2021.<ref>Alston, Trey (28 January 2021). [https://www.papermag.com/tyla-kooldrink-getting-late "Tyla and Kooldrink Live Out a Fairy Tale in 'Getting Late'"]. ''[[:en:Paper_(magazine)|Paper]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231101100036/https://www.papermag.com/tyla-kooldrink-getting-late Archived] from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.</ref> E ne ya bonwa makgetlo a le didikadike di le mmalwa mo YouTube,<ref>Lane, Barnaby (27 October 2023). [https://www.insider.com/tyla-singer-water-age-what-to-know "11 things to know about Tyla, the South African singer whose song 'Water' is climbing the Billboard charts"]. ''Insider''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240127214634/https://www.businessinsider.com/tyla-singer-water-age-what-to-know Archived] from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2023.</ref> mme ka ngwaga wa 2022 ya tlhophiwa mo setshupeng sa dikgaisano sa Sekgele sa Mmino wa Aforika Borwa sa Setshwantso sa motshikiyego sa Mmino se se Gaisang sa Ngwaga.<ref>Shumba, Ano (7 June 2022). [https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/south-african-music-awards-2022-all-nominees "South African Music Awards 2022: All the nominees"]. ''Music Africa''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230424070930/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/south-african-music-awards-2022-all-nominees Archived] from the original on 24 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2023.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2021, o ne a simolola go ithutela lokwalo la [[:en:Mining_engineering|thuto lwa kakgolo lwa boenjenere]] jwa meepo mme morago ga gore a ba kope thata, le go lela thata, batsadi ba gagwe ba ne ba dumela gore Tyla a emise mmadikolo sebaka sa ngwaga, gore a leke go tsweledisa tiro ya gagwe ya mmino. Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa 2021, o ne a ikanisa tumalano ya go gatisa mmino le [[:en:Epic_Records|Epic Records]] kwa United States, ka tumalano e e kopanetsweng le Fax Records.<ref>Canham, Tamlyn (26 May 2021). [https://www.ecr.co.za/news/entertainment/getting-late-singer-tyla-bags-global-record-deal/ "'Getting Late' singer Tyla bags global record deal"]. ''[[:en:East_Coast_Radio_(South_Africa)|East Coast Radio]]''. Archived from the original on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.</ref><ref>Coetzee, Nikita (26 May 2021). [https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/music/sa-star-tyla-signs-international-deal-20210526 "SA star Tyla signs international deal".] ''[[:en:News24_(website)|News24]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213175536/https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/music/sa-star-tyla-signs-international-deal-20210526 Archived] from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</ref> Morago ga pina ya gagwe ya ntlha, o ne a golola dipina "Overdue" ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2021 le "To Last" ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa 2022. === 2023–2024: Go itsege mo lefatsheng ka "Water" le Tyla === Bona gape: [[:en:Tyla_(album)|''Tyla (kgobokanyo ya dipina)'']] le [[:en:Water_(Tyla_song)|''Water (pina ya Tyla)'']] Tyla o ne a tshameka lekgetlo la gagwe la ntlha phatlalatsa ka ngwaga wa 2023 kwa moketeng wa morago ga tiragalo wa [[:en:Dolce_&_Gabbana|Dolce & Gabbana]] kwa [[:en:Milan_Fashion_Week|bekeng ya moaparo ya Milan]], <ref>[https://www.glamour.co.za/celebrity-news/who-is-tyla-the-south-african-beauty-has-a-bright-future-ahead-942cee85-d785-4f9d-8d1b-17566a6fd9b3 "Who is Tyla? The South African beauty has a bright future ahead".] ''[[:en:Glamour_(magazine)|Glamour]] (SA)''. 1 March 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230805134433/https://www.glamour.co.za/celebrity-news/who-is-tyla-the-south-african-beauty-has-a-bright-future-ahead-942cee85-d785-4f9d-8d1b-17566a6fd9b3 Archived] from the original on 5 August 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.</ref><ref name=":2" /> morago ga go gololwa ga pina ya gagwe "[[:en:Been_Thinking|Been Thinking]]".<ref>Victoria, Kenyatta (3 March 2023). [https://girlsunited.essence.com/article/tyla-shares-the-story-behind-her-viral-hit-been-thinking/ "Tyla Shares The Story Behind Her Viral Hit "Been Thinking""]. ''Essence''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230424070919/https://girlsunited.essence.com/article/tyla-shares-the-story-behind-her-viral-hit-been-thinking/ Archived] from the original on 24 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/lil-yachty-rae-sremmurd-songs-you-need-to-know-1234669646/ "Lil Yachty, Rae Sremmurd and All the Songs You Need to Know".] ''[[:en:Rolling_Stone|Rolling Stone]]''. 27 January 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230424070919/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/lil-yachty-rae-sremmurd-songs-you-need-to-know-1234669646/ Archived] from the original on 24 April 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.</ref> Pina e e ne ya dira gore Tyla a tsene mo mananeong a mmino lekgetlo la ntlha mo tirong ya gagwe, mo mananeong a [[:en:R&B/Hip-Hop_Airplay|Billboard Mainstream R&B/Hip Hop Airplay]] le [[:en:Rhythmic_(chart)|Rhythmic Airplay]]. Heven Haile wa [[:en:Pitchfork_(website)|''Pitchfork'']] o ne a tlhalosa pina e e le pina ya boitlosobodutu ya kwa mafelong a go bina, e e nang le mokgwa wa dipina tsa pop le R&B tse di neng di tumile mo dingwageng tsa bogare tsa bo 2000 tsa bo [[:en:Ciara|Ciara]] le [[:en:Rihanna|Rihanna]].<ref>Haile, Heven (9 February 2023). [https://pitchfork.com/reviews/tracks/tyla-been-thinking/ "Track Review: Tyla – "Been Thinking""]. ''[[:en:Pitchfork_(website)|Pitchfork]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230914224330/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/tracks/tyla-been-thinking/ Archived] from the original on 14 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.</ref> Morago ga moo, Tyla o ne a tsamaya le [[:en:Chris_Brown|Chris Brown]] e le moopedi yo o simololang dipontsho tsa gagwe mo [[:en:Under_the_Influence_Tour|loetog lwa gagwe lwa Under the Influence]].<ref>[https://hypemagazine.co.za/2023/02/14/tyla-to-support-chris-brown-on-massive-uk-europe-tour/ "Tyla to support Chris Brown on massive UK & Europe tour"]. ''Hype Magazine''. 14 February 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231027193832/https://hypemagazine.co.za/2023/02/14/tyla-to-support-chris-brown-on-massive-uk-europe-tour/ Archived] from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa 2023, o ne a golola pina "[[:en:Girl_Next_Door_(Tyla_song)|Girl Next Door]]", e a neng a e opela le moopedi wa kwa Nigeria [[:en:Ayra_Starr|Ayra Starr]].<ref>Pierre, Alphonse (11 May 2023). [https://pitchfork.com/news/listen-to-tyla-and-ayra-starr-new-song-girl-next-door/ "Listen to Tyla and Ayra Starr's New Song "Girl Next Door""]. ''[[:en:Pitchfork_(website)|Pitchfork]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230907160420/https://pitchfork.com/news/listen-to-tyla-and-ayra-starr-new-song-girl-next-door/ Archived] from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.</ref> Tyla o ne a golola pina "[[:en:Water_(Tyla_song)|Water]]" ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 2023 e le pina ya ntlha ya kgobokanyo ya gagwe ya dipina ya lefelo le go gatisiwang mmino mo go lone la e a ipitsang ka lone.<ref>Gibson, Donte (1 August 2023). [https://soulbounce.com/2023/07/tyla-water/ "Tyla Aims To Quench Our Thirst With 'Water'"]. ''Soul Bounce''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230907161923/https://soulbounce.com/2023/07/tyla-water/ Archived] from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.</ref> <ref name=":2" />Morago ga gore pina e e tsale kgaisano ya go bina e e neng ya anama thata mo lefelong la marayane la puisano la [[:en:TikTok|TikTok]],<ref>Iahn, Buddy (11 September 2023). [https://themusicuniverse.com/tyla-solidifies-rising-star-status-with-viral-hit-water/ "Tyla solidifies rising star status with viral hit 'Water'".] ''The Music Universe''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231004185941/https://themusicuniverse.com/tyla-solidifies-rising-star-status-with-viral-hit-water/ Archived] from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2023.</ref><ref>Mendez II, Moises (6 October 2023). [https://time.com/6321439/tylas-water-dance-challenge-tiktok/ "Tyla's "Water" is Making Waves on TikTok"]. ''[[:en:Time_(magazine)|TIME]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231009030536/https://time.com/6321439/tylas-water-dance-challenge-tiktok/ Archived] from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2024.</ref> "Water" e ne ya tsena mo dipineng tse di lesome tse di kwa godimo mo mafatsheng a le mmalwa, go akaretsa Aforika Borwa,<ref>Peak chart positions in South Africa: All except where noted: [https://theofficialsacharts.co.za/tylas-debut-soars-and-future-and-metro-boomin-reunite-ed-129/ "Tyla's debut soars and Future and Metro Boomin reunite (Ed 129)"]. [[:en:The_Official_South_African_Charts|The Official South African Charts]]. 4 April 2024. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240524200512/https://theofficialsacharts.co.za/tylas-debut-soars-and-future-and-metro-boomin-reunite-ed-129/ Archived] from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024. "Water": [https://theofficialsacharts.co.za/charts/local-international-streaming-chart-top-10-week-47-2023/ "Local & International Streaming Chart Top 10 Week 47-2023".] The Official South African Charts. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231208024251/https://theofficialsacharts.co.za/charts/local-international-streaming-chart-top-10-week-47-2023/ Archived] from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2024.</ref> United States<ref>[https://www.billboard.com/artist/Tyla/chart-history/HSI "Tyla Chart History (Hot 100)"]. ''[[:en:Billboard_(magazine)|Billboard]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240410023830/https://www.billboard.com/artist/tyla/chart-history/hsi/ Archived] from the original on 10 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.</ref> le United Kingdom.<ref>[https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/tyla/ "Tyla | Official Charts"]. [[:en:Official_Charts_Company|Official Charts Company]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231020172327/https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/tyla/ Archived] from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2024.</ref> Tyla o ne a nna moopedi wa ntlha wa kwa Aforika Borwa mo dingwageng di le masome a matlhano le botlhano, le yo mmotlana go gaisa botlhe, go tsena mo lenaneong la [[:en:Billboard_Hot_100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] la kwa United States ka "Water", morago ga pina ya [[:en:Hugh_Masekela|Hugh Masekela]] "[[:en:Grazing_in_the_Grass|Grazing in the Grass]]" ka ngwaga wa 1968. O ne a opela "Water" ka tlhamalalo mo [[:en:Bianca_Ingrosso|''The Bianca Show'']] kwa Sweden le mo [[:en:The_Tonight_Show_Starring_Jimmy_Fallon|''The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon'']] kwa United States.<ref>Ontong, Joel (9 October 2023). [https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/music/tyla-has-her-first-tv-interview-in-sweden-and-talks-about-her-song-of-the-summer-20231009 "Tyla has her first TV interview in Sweden and talks about her 'song of the summer'"]. ''[[:en:News24_(website)|News24]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231025100727/https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/music/tyla-has-her-first-tv-interview-in-sweden-and-talks-about-her-song-of-the-summer-20231009 Archived] from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.</ref><ref>Ontong, Joel (25 October 2023). [https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/music/watch-tyla-makes-us-tv-debut-on-the-tonight-show-starring-jimmy-fallon-20231025 "Tyla makes US TV debut on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon"]. ''[[:en:News24_(website)|News24]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231025093153/https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/music/watch-tyla-makes-us-tv-debut-on-the-tonight-show-starring-jimmy-fallon-20231025 Archived] from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.</ref> Setshwantso sa motshikinyego sa mmino wa "Water" se ne sa gololwa ka di kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi a le marataro ka ngwaga wa 2023, mme mo malatsing a le mararo ya nna le batho ba le didikadike di le tharo ba ba neng ba e lebeletse mo YouTube.<ref>Darangwa, Shingai (9 October 2023). [https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/tyla-clocks-3-million-views-in-3-days-breaks-all-time-spotify-listeners-record-de02e0a5-7f6f-43ac-9c85-dd8b135b5c3d "Tyla clocks 3 million views in 3 days, breaks all-time Spotify listeners record"]. [[:en:Independent_Online|iOL]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231009142121/https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/tyla-clocks-3-million-views-in-3-days-breaks-all-time-spotify-listeners-record-de02e0a5-7f6f-43ac-9c85-dd8b135b5c3d Archived] from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.</ref> Morago ga moo, Tyla o ne a nna karolo ya mofuta o o ntšhwafaditsweng wa pina "[[:en:Girls_Need_Love|Girls Need Love]]" ya ga [[:en:Summer_Walker|Summer Walker]], e e neng ya gololwa e le karolo ya [[:en:Extended_play|kgobokanyo e khutshwane]] ya dipina Girls Mix ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2023.<ref>Bowenbank, Starr (16 October 2023). [https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/summer-walker-girls-need-love-girls-mix-ep-victoria-monet-tyla-tink-1235443645/ "Summer Walker Enlists Victoria Monet, Tyla & Tink for 'Girls Need Love (Girls Mix)' EP"]. Billboard. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231027095305/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/summer-walker-girls-need-love-girls-mix-ep-victoria-monet-tyla-tink-1235443645/ Archived] from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.</ref> Mo malatsing a bofelo a kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2023, o ne a itsise gore o tla golola kgobokanyo ya gagwe ya ntlha ya dipina ya lefelo la kgatiso ya mmino e e bitswang [[:en:Tyla_(album)|Tyla]] (ngwaga wa 2024), mme ka nako e le nngwe a golola dipina di le tharo, "[[:en:Truth_or_Dare_(Tyla_song)|Truth or Dare]]", "On and On" le "Butterflies", e le dipina tsa papatso tsa kgobokanyo e mo kgobokanyong e khutshwane ya dipina e e nang le leina le le tshwanang.<ref>Williams, Aaron (30 November 2023). [https://uproxx.com/music/tyla-debut-album-announce/ "Tyla Announced Her Self-Titled Debut Album By Revealing Three New Songs From Its Tracklist".] ''[[:en:Uproxx|Uproxx]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231202063620/https://uproxx.com/music/tyla-debut-album-announce/ Archived] from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.</ref> Tyla o ne a opela motswako wa dipina "Water" le "Truth or Dare" kwa [[:en:The_Voice_(American_season_24)|bokhutlong jwa setlha sa]] [[:en:The_Voice_(American_season_24)|masome a mabedi le bone]] sa [[:en:The_Voice_(American_season_24)|The Voice]] ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa 2023.<ref>Weiss, Josh (18 December 2023). [https://www.nbc.com/nbc-insider/the-voice-season-24-finale-tyla-explained "Who Is Tyla? What to Know About the Singer Performing on The Voice Season 24 Finale".] ''[[:en:NBC|NBC]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231220032604/https://www.nbc.com/nbc-insider/the-voice-season-24-finale-tyla-explained Archived] from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.</ref> Kwa [[:en:66th_Annual_Grammy_Awards|dikgele tsa masome a marataro le borataro tsa Grammy tsa ngwaga le ngwaga]] ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2024, Tyla o ne a fenya sekgele sa [[:en:Grammy_Award_for_Best_African_Music_Performance|Grammy sa ntlha sa Tiragatso e e Gaisang ya Mmino wa Aforika]] ka pina "Water", mme gape a nna modiragatsi wa mmino wa Moaforika yo mmotlana go gaisa botlhe go fenya sekgele sa Grammy.<ref>Retief, Chanel (5 February 2024). [https://www.forbesafrica.com/entertainment/2024/02/05/south-african-singer-tyla-wins-her-first-grammy-making-her-the-youngest-from-africa-to-hold-the-gong/ "South African Singer Tyla Wins Her First Grammy, Making Her The Youngest From Africa To Hold The Gong".] ''[[:en:Forbes_Africa|Forbes Africa]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240205124955/https://www.forbesafrica.com/entertainment/2024/02/05/south-african-singer-tyla-wins-her-first-grammy-making-her-the-youngest-from-africa-to-hold-the-gong/ Archived] from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2023.</ref> Kgobokanyo ya gagwe ya ntlha ya dipina e ne ya gololwa semmuso ke Fax le Epic Records ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2024.<ref>Mamo, Heran (22 March 2024). [https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/tyla-debut-album-stream-it-now-1235638294/ "Tyla Drops Self-Titled Debut Album: Stream It Now"]. Billboard. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240322073350/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/tyla-debut-album-stream-it-now-1235638294/ Archived] from the original on 22 March 2024. Retrieved 31 March 2024.</ref> Setshwantso se se tshikinyegang sa mmino se se tsamaisanang le pina ya "[[:en:Art_(song)|Art]]" le sone se ne sa gololwa ka nako e le nngwe le kgobokanyo e.<ref>Moloi, Atlehang (22 March 2024). [https://slikouronlife.co.za/blog/26470/tyla-drops-highly-anticipated-debut-album-tyla/ "Tyla Drops Highly Anticipated Debut Album, 'TYLA'".] ''Silk on Our Life''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240322125318/https://slikouronlife.co.za/blog/26470/tyla-drops-highly-anticipated-debut-album-tyla/ Archived] from the original on 22 March 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2024.</ref> ''Tyla'' e ne ya amogelwa sentle thata ke batshwayadikgang ba mmino,<ref>[https://www.metacritic.com/music/tyla/tyla "Tyla by Tyla Reviews and Tracks"]. ''[[:en:Metacritic|Metacritic]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240323042021/https://www.metacritic.com/music/tyla/tyla Archived] from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.</ref> mme ya fitlha mo maemong a ntlha a le masome a mabedi le botlhano mo mananeong a dikgobokanyo tsa dipina kwa United States,<ref>[https://www.billboard.com/artist/Tyla/chart-history/TLP "Tyla Chart History (Billboard 200)"]. ''[[:en:Billboard_(magazine)|Billboard]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240410021531/https://www.billboard.com/artist/tyla/chart-history/tlp/ Archived] from the original on 10 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.</ref> United Kingdom,<ref>[https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/tyla/ "Tyla | Official Charts"]. [[:en:Official_Charts_Company|Official Charts Company]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231020172327/https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/tyla/ Archived] from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2024.</ref> Netherlands,<ref>"[https://dutchcharts.nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Tyla Discography Tyla]". dutchcharts.nl (in Dutch). Hung Medien. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240331145243/https://dutchcharts.nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Tyla Archived] from the original on 31 March 2024. Retrieved 13 April 2024.</ref> Norway,<ref>[https://topplista.no/charts/albums/2024-w13/ "Album 2024 uke 13".] [[:en:VG-lista|VG-lista]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240330060900/https://topplista.no/charts/albums/2024-w13/ Archived] from the original on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2024.</ref> New Zealand<ref>[https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/albums/2024-03-29 "NZ Top 40 Albums Chart"]. [[:en:Recorded_Music_NZ|Recorded Music NZ.]] 1 April 2024. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240329031438/https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=5784 Archived] from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.</ref> le Switzerland.<ref>[https://hitparade.ch/album/Tyla/Tyla-532455 "Swisscharts.com – Tyla – Tyla"]. Hung Medien. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240331145242/https://hitparade.ch/album/Tyla/Tyla-532455 Archived] from the original on 31 March 2024. Retrieved 31 March 2024.</ref> Tyla o ne a nna le palo e kgolo ya ditlhopho kwa [[:en:18th_Metro_FM_Music_Awards|Dikgeleng tsa Mmino tsa Metro FM tsa bo]] [[:en:18th_Metro_FM_Music_Awards|lesome le borobabobedi]] kwa Aforika Borwa, a tlhophiwa ga rataro.<ref>Keteyi, Oluthando (28 March 2024). [https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/tyla-leads-metro-fm-awards-nominations-followed-by-kabza-de-small-and-tyler-icu-70a62ce5-fd27-435a-b960-5b3ad62e7851 "Tyla leads Metro FM Awards nominations followed by Kabza De Small and Tyler ICU".] ''iOL''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240328083711/https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/tyla-leads-metro-fm-awards-nominations-followed-by-kabza-de-small-and-tyler-icu-70a62ce5-fd27-435a-b960-5b3ad62e7851 Archived] from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.</ref><ref>Maako, Compiled by Keitumetse. [https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/music/from-grammy-winning-tyla-to-record-setting-duo-titom-yuppe-metro-fm-music-awards-nominees-2024-20240328 "From Grammy-winning Tyla to record-setting duo TitoM & Yuppe: Metro FM Music Awards nominees 2024"]. ''Life''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240518140118/https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/music/from-grammy-winning-tyla-to-record-setting-duo-titom-yuppe-metro-fm-music-awards-nominees-2024-20240328 Archived] from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.</ref> Morago ga moo, o ne a fenya dikgele di le dintsi go gaisa botlhe kwa [[:en:BET_Awards_2024|BET Awards tsa]] [[:en:BET_Awards_2024|ngwaga wa 2024 ,]] a lekana le [[:en:Usher_(musician)|Usher]] le [[:en:Victoria_Monét|Victoria Monét]] kwa [[:en:Peacock_Theater|lefelong la metshameko la Peacock]] kwa Los Angeles, California.<ref>Grein, Paul (1 July 2024). [https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/usher-tyla-2024-bet-awards-winners-1235721412/ "Usher, Tyla & More Record Setters at 2024 BET Awards"]. ''[[:en:Billboard_(magazine)|Billboard]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240723160241/https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/usher-tyla-2024-bet-awards-winners-1235721412/amp/ Archived] from the original on 23 July 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2024.</ref> kwa a neng a diragatsa pina "[[:en:Jump_(Tyla,_Gunna,_and_Skillibeng_song)|Jump]]" ka tlhamalalo lekgetlo la ntlha a na le [[:en:Gunna_(rapper)|Gunna]] le [[:en:Skillibeng|Skillibeng]].<ref>Kupemba, Danai Nesta (1 July 2024)[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c87rl4x58d1o . "Tyla wins big as South African artists triumph at BET Awards"]. ''[[:en:BBC|BBC]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240723160241/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c87rl4x58d1o Archived] from the original on 23 July 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2024.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bongwe ka ngwaga wa 2024, Tyla o ne a golola mofuta o o okeditsweng wa kgobokanyo ya gagwe ya ntlha ya dipina ya lefelo la kgatiso ya dipina e a e ibiditseg ka ene , e e neng e na le dipina tse dingwe di le tharo, go akaretsa "[[:en:Push_2_Start|Push 2 Start]]". Ka mmino, "Push 2 Start" ke pina ya [[:en:Pop_music|pop]] le [[:en:Contemporary_R&B|R&B]] e e kopantsweng le merumo ya [[:en:Reggae|reggae]] le [[:en:Amapiano|amapiano]]. Pina e e ne ya amogelwa sentle, mme setshwantso se se tshikinyegang sa yone sa mmino se ne sa bontshiwa lekgetlo la ntlha mo YouTube ka di kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e tlhola malatsi a robangbobedi ka ngwaga wa 2024.<ref>[https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/tyla-keeps-her-momentum-going-152602312.html "Tyla Keeps Her Momentum Going With Deluxe Edition of Self-Titled Debut Album"]. ''Yahoo Entertainment''. 11 October 2024. Retrieved 8 November 2024.</ref><ref>Richardson, Kalia (11 October 2024). [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/tyla-deluxe-edition-self-titled-debut-album-1235132334/ "Tyla Keeps Her Momentum Going With Deluxe Edition of Self-Titled Debut Album"]. ''Rolling Stone''. Retrieved 8 November 2024.</ref><ref>Andriyashchuk, Yuriy (8 November 2024). [https://hip-hopvibe.com/video/tyla-push-2-start-video/ "Tyla releases visuals for "Push 2 Start""]. ''Hip Hop Vibe''. Retrieved 8 November 2024.</ref><ref>[https://neonmusic.co.uk/tylas-push-2-start-a-high-octane-ride-through-lyrics-sound-and-visuals "Tyla's "Push 2 Start": A High-Octane Ride Through Lyrics, Sound, and Visuals".] ''Neon Music''. 18 November 2024. Retrieved 9 December 2024.</ref> Tyla o ne a opela kwa [[:en:Victoria's_Secret_Fashion_Show_2024|Pontshong ya diaparo ya ga Victoria ya sephiri ya ngwaga wa 2024]].<ref>Teti, Julia (30 October 2024). [https://wwd.com/pop-culture/celebrity-news/tyla-media-impact-value-2024-victorias-secret-fashion-show-1236706079/ "Tyla's Appearance at the 2024 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show Generates $2 Million in Media Exposure".] ''[[:en:Women's_Wear_Daily|Women's Wear Daily]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250109225302/https://wwd.com/pop-culture/celebrity-news/tyla-media-impact-value-2024-victorias-secret-fashion-show-1236706079/ Archived] from the original on 9 January 2025. Retrieved 16 December 2024.</ref><ref>Betancourt, Bianca (16 October 2024). [https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/art-books-music/a62609248/tyla-victoria-secret-fashion-show-interview-2024/ "Tyla Was More Than Ready for Her Victoria's Secret Fashion Show Debut"]. [[:en:Harper's_Bazaar|''Harper's Bazaar''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20241225083951/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/art-books-music/a62609248/tyla-victoria-secret-fashion-show-interview-2024/ Archived] from the original on 25 December 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2024.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bongwe ka ngwaga wa 2024, o ne a tlhagelela lekgetlo la ntlha kwa [[:en:MTV_Europe_Music_Awards|MTV Europe Music Awards]] (EMAs), kwa a neng a opela dipina tsa gagwe "Push 2 Start" le "Water". Mo bosigong joo, o ne a fenya dikgele di le tharo tsa [[:en:MTV_Europe_Music_Awards|EMAs]] tsa "Best African Act", "Best Afrobeats Artist" le "Best R&B Artist".<ref>Anonuevo, Kristine (12 November 2024). [https://vergemagazine.co.uk/award-winning-global-superstar-tyla-stuns-with-her-debut-mtv-emas-performance/ "Award-Winning Global Superstar, Tyla Stuns With Her Debut MTV EMA's Performance!"]. ''Verge Magazine''. Retrieved 10 February 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a matlhano le malatsi a supa ka ngwaga wa 2024, Tyla o ne a tshwara dipontsho tsa mmino di le pedi mo lefatsheng la gaabo ya Aforika Borwa, kwa Cape Town le Pretoria ka tatelano. Letsatsi le lengwe la pontsho kwa Pretoria le ne la okediwa la ba la beelwa kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa 2025.<ref>[https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/tyla-unveils-extra-date-sa-tour "Tyla unveils extra date SA tour"]. Music In Africa. 9 December 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2025.</ref> Dipontsho tse di ne tsa etelela pele tshimologo ya loeto lwa gagwe lwa Tyla ka ngwaga wa 2025, e e neng e akaretsa thata go tlhagelela ga gagwe kwa [[:en:Music_festival|meketeng]] ya mmino mo dikgakololong le selemo sa ngwaga wa 2025, mme ga okediwa dipontsho kwa Yuropa tse di neng tsa tshwanelwa ke go beelwa matlha a mangwe morago ga gore Tyla a gobale.<ref>Keteyi, Oluthando (8 March 2024). [https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/international/tyla-left-heartbroken-as-injury-forces-her-to-cancel-us-tour-and-coachella-gig-72829270-9da9-4440-9e6d-0304e93feff9 "Tyla left heartbroken as injury forces her to cancel US tour and Coachella gig"]. [[:en:Independent_Online|''Independent Online''.]] Retrieved 22 August 2025.</ref> === 2025 go fitlha jaanong: WWP le A*POP === [[Setshwantsho:Tyla at KCAs 2025 02.png|left|thumb|Tyla kwa [[:en:2025_Kids'_Choice_Awards|Dikgeleg tsa Tlhopho ya Bana tsa ngwaga wa 2025]]]] Tyla o ne a opela mo pineng "[[:en:When_I'm_with_You_(Lisa_song)|When I'm with You]]" ya moopedi wa mmino wa go bua ka morethetho wa kwa Thailand [[:en:Lisa_(rapper)|Lisa]], e e neng e le karolo ya kgobokanyo ya gagwe ya dipina [[:en:Alter_Ego_(Lisa_album)|''Alter Ego'']], e e neng ya gololwa ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e tlhola malatsi a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2025.<ref>Blistein, Jon (16 May 2025). [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/lisa-tyla-when-im-with-you-music-video-1235341059/ "Lisa and Tyla Beat the Heat in New 'When I'm With You' Video".] ''[[:en:Rolling_Stone|Rolling Stone]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250516153259/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/lisa-tyla-when-im-with-you-music-video-1235341059/ Archived] from the original on 16 May 2025. Retrieved 16 May 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2025, go ne ga gololwa mofuta o mosha yo tswakantsweng wa pina "[[:en:Show_Me_Love_(WizTheMc_and_Bees_&_Honey_song)#Tyla_remix|Show Me Love]]" ya [[:en:WizTheMc|WizTheMc]] le Bees & Honey, o Tyla a opelang mo go one.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251105155708/https://music.apple.com/gb/song/show-me-love-tylas-version/1808438195 "Show Me Love (Tyla's Version)".] Apple Music. 18 April 2025. Retrieved 22 July 2025.</ref> Mofuta o o mosha wa pina o ne wa opelwa lekgetlo la ntlha ka tlhamalalo kwa [[:en:Coachella_2025#Outdoor_Theatre|Coachella 2025]], kwa Tyla a neng a opela gape pina ya gagwe e e neng e sa ntse e tla gololwa e e bidiwang "[[:en:Bliss_(Tyla_song)|Bliss]]" lekgetlo la ntlha.<ref>Legaspi, Althea (19 April 2025). [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/tyla-new-song-coachella-2025-1235321440/ "Tyla brings the "Bliss" with a new song tease at Coachella".] ''[[:en:Rolling_Stone|Rolling Stone]]''. Retrieved 22 July 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola malatsi a le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa 2025, Tyla o ne a golola pina "Bliss",<ref>Hussain, Shahzaib (9 May 2025). [https://www.clashmusic.com/news/tyla-shares-new-single-bliss/ "Tyla Shares New Single 'Bliss'"]. ''[[:en:Clash_(magazine)|Clash]]''. Retrieved 22 July 2025.</ref> mme kgwedi e e latelang a tshwara tiragalo ya [[:en:2025_Kids'_Choice_Awards|Dikgele tsa Tlhopho tsa Nickelodeon kids]] . Pina ya bobedi e e bidiwang "[[:en:Is_It_(Tyla_song)|Is It"]] e ne ya gololwa ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bongwe.<ref>Malone Méndez, Chris (11 July 2025). [https://www.forbes.com/sites/cmalone/2025/07/11/tyla-releases-new-single-is-it/ "Tyla Releases New Single 'Is It'"]. ''[[:en:Forbes|Forbes]]''. Retrieved 22 July 2025.</ref> O ne a kwala a bo a opela pina "Everything Goes with Blue" e e neng e dirisitswe mo mminong wa motshameko wa ditshwantso wa Smurfs, e e neng ya gololwa ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2025. "Bliss" le "Is It" di ne tsa tsenngwa mo kgobokanyong ya gagwe ya bobedi e khutshwane ya dipina [[:en:WWP_(EP)|''WWP'']], e leng khutshwafatso ya ''We Wanna Party'', e e neng ya gololwa ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le botlhanoka ngwaga wa 2025.<ref>Mamo, Heran (25 July 2025). [https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/tyla-we-wanna-party-mixtape-listen-1236029496/ "Tyla Gets the Party Started With 'WWP' Mixtape: Stream It Now"]. ''[[:en:Billboard_(magazine)|Billboard]]''. Retrieved 25 July 2025.</ref> Tyla o ne a tlhalosa kgobokanyo eo e khutshwane ya dipina e le "borogo jo bo isang kwa kgobokanyong ya bobedi ya dipina", e e neng e tshwanetse go gololwa moragonyana mo go one ngwaga. O ne a tlhalosa gape gore e ne "e tla nna le mokgwa o o farologaneng thata le se batho ba se solofetseng".<ref>Garcia, Thania (6 August 2025). [https://variety.com/2025/music/features/tyla-new-album-rejecting-pop-music-1236478590/ "Tyla Takes Charge: Music's Global Star on Rejecting the Pop Machine and Why Her Second Album Is a 'Totally Different Vibe'".] ''Variety''. Retrieved 22 August 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a supa ka ngwaga wa 2025, Tyla o ne a nna teng kwa [[:en:2025_MTV_Video_Music_Awards|Dikgele tsa ditshwantso tse di tshikinyegang tsa Mmino tsa MTV tsa ngwaga wa 2025]], kwa a neng a fenya sekgele sa [[:en:MTV_Video_Music_Award_for_Best_Afrobeats_Video|Best Afrobeats]] ka pina "[[:en:Push_2_Start|Push 2 Start]]" ya ngwaga wa 2024 se e le phenyo ya gagwe ya bobedi mo setlhopheng seo, morago ga gore a fenye sekgele seo ka pina ya "Water" kwa [[:en:2024_MTV_Video_Music_Awards|moletlong wa ngwaga o o fetileng.]]<ref>Kwazi, Thami (8 September 2025). [https://www.citizen.co.za/lifestyle/tyla-dazzles-in-couture-on-the-red-carpet-as-she-wins-mtv-vma-best-afrobeats-award-pics/ "Tyla dazzles in couture on the red carpet as she wins MTV VMA Best Afrobeats Award"]. ''The Citizen''. Retrieved 8 September 2025.</ref> Fa a ne a le kwa moletlong o, Tyla o ne a apere diaparo tsa kgobokanyo ya [[:en:Chanel|Chanel]] Spring/Summer '93 mo lefelong la bafotoki moragonyana o ne a tsenya setshwantsho mo Instagram a kwadile mafoko a a reng "PUT ME IN CHANELLLLL",<ref>Criales-Unzueta, José (24 October 2025). [https://www.vogue.com/article/put-her-in-chanel-how-tylas-stylist-found-the-iconic-archival-chanel-pieces-in-her-new-music-video "Put Her in Chanel! How Tyla's Stylist Found the Iconic Archival Chanel Pieces in Her New Music Video"]. ''Vogue''. Retrieved 24 October 2025.</ref> se se neng se lebega se supa gore go ka nna ga gololwa pina e a neng a kile a bua ka yone ka kgwedi ya Phukwi wa one ngwaga, e e bidiwang "Chanel".<ref>Sithathu, Nomathamsanqa (15 July 2025). [https://iol.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/2025-07-15-tyla-makes-waves-in-berlin-unveils-two-new-tracks-from-we-wanna-party-mixtape/ "Tyla Makes Waves in Berlin: Unveils Two New Tracks From ''We Wanna Party'' Mixtape"]. ''[[:en:Independent_Online|Independent Online]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250716165942/https://iol.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/2025-07-15-tyla-makes-waves-in-berlin-unveils-two-new-tracks-from-we-wanna-party-mixtape/ Archived] from the original on 16 July 2025. Retrieved 26 November 2025.</ref> Tyla o ne a opela mo pineng "[[:en:Talk_to_Me_(Damiano_David,_Tyla_and_Nile_Rodgers_song)|Talk To Me]]", mmogo le [[:en:Damiano_David|Damiano David]] le [[:en:Nile_Rodgers|Nile Rodgers]], e e neng ya gololwa ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bongwe 2025.<ref>Simpasa, Precious (14 September 2025). [https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/celeb-news/international-celebs/tyla-joins-damiano-david-for-international-release-talk-to-me/ "Tyla joins Damiano David for international release 'Talk to Me'"]. ''The South African''. Retrieved 11 December 2025.</ref> Tyla o ne a opela gape mo pineng "Nice Guy" e e neng e le mo kgobokanyong ya dipina [[:en:Am_I_the_Drama?|''Am I the Drama?'']] ya ga Cardi B ya ngwaga wa 2025, e e neng ya gololwa ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsia le lesome le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa 2025.<ref>[https://www.geo.tv/latest/651607-cardi-b-thanks-kehlani-and-tyla-for-surprise-little-miss-drama-appearances "Cardi B Thanks Kehlani and Tyla For Surprise 'Little Miss Drama' Appearances"]. ''[[:en:Geo_News|Geo News]]''. 18 February 2026. Retrieved 4 May 2026.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Tyla performing at the WNBA All-Star Game.png|thumb|Tyla o diragatsa kwa pontshong ya ikhutso ya Motshameko wa Dinaledi Tsotlhe wa WNBA ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 2026]] .Ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bone, Tyla o ne a golola pina e e bidiwang "[[:en:Chanel_(Tyla_song)|Chanel]]".<ref>Mamo, Heran (24 October 2025). [https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/tyla-chanel-single-brunch-recap-1236096191/ "Tyla Says She's 'Here to Spoil the Girls' During L.A. Brunch Celebrating 'Chanel' Single: Stream It Now".] ''Billboard''. Retrieved 24 October 2025.</ref> Pina eo e ne ya nna pina ya gagwe e e fitlhileng mo maemong a a kwa godimo go gaisa dipina tsotlhe tsa gagwe mo lenaneong la [[:en:Billboard_Global_200|Billboard Global 200]] fa e sale "Water" ka ngwaga wa 2023, mme ya fitlha mo maemong a lesome le bongwe<ref>[https://www.billboard.com/artist/tyla/chart-history/glo/ "Tyla Chart History (Global 200)".] ''[[:en:Billboard_(magazine)|Billboard]]''. Retrieved 3 May 2026.</ref> gape e ne ya fitlha mo maemong a masome a mane le boraro mo lenaneong la ''Billboard'' Hot 100 kwa United States.<ref>"[https://www.billboard.com/artist/tyla/chart-history/hsi/ Tyla Chart History (Hot 100)]". ''[[:en:Billboard_(magazine)|Billboard]]''. [[Archived]] from the original on 29 April 2026. Retrieved 23 April 2026.</ref> Ke yone e e eteletseng pele kgobokanyo ya gagwe ya bobedi ya dipina ya studio, [[:en:A*Pop|''A*Pop'']], e e neng ya gololwa ka ngwaga wa 2026. Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bongwe, ngwaga wa 2025, Tyla o ne a simolola loeto lwa gagwe lwa bobedi lwa dipontsho tsa mmino, lo lo bidiwang [[:en:We_Wanna_Party_Tour|We Wanna Party Tour]], (ngwaga wa 2025) ka pontsho e e neng ya tlala batho kwa [[:en:Ariake_Arena|Ariake Arena]] kwa [[:en:Tokyo|Tokyo]].<ref>[https://www.pollstar.com/artists/tyla-79831 "Tyla – Tour History".] ''[[:en:Pollstar|Pollstar]]''. [https://megalodon.jp/2026-0731-0406-32/https://www.pollstar.com:443/artists/tyla-79831 Archived] from the original on 30 July 2026. Retrieved 30 July 2026.</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2025, kompone ya boitlosobodutu ya kwa [[:en:South_Korea|Korea Borwa]], [[:en:Hybe|HYBE]], e ne ya itsise ka tirisano mmogo e ntšha le kompone e e laolang tiro ya Tyla, Africa Creative Agency (ACA).<ref>Clarke, Tenille (20 February 2024). [https://www.forbes.com/sites/tenilleclarke/2024/02/20/africa-creative-agency-is-ushering-in-a-global-rebirth-of-talent-management/ "Africa Creative Agency Is Ushering In A Global Rebirth Of Talent Management"]. ''Forbes''. Retrieved 20 December 2025.</ref><ref>[https://africacreativeagency.com/talent/music-brand-management/tyla/ "Tyla — Musician".] ''Africa Creative Agency''. Retrieved 20 December 2025.</ref> Ka NFO LLC e ntšhwa e e tlhomilweng, HYBE mmogo le Brandon Hixon le Colin Gayle ba ACA ba ne ba tla laola tiro ya Tyla e le karolo ya leano le legolwane la go atolosa tiro, le le neng le ikaeletse go tshegetsa le go godisa batshamekisi ba mmino ba Aforika ka kitso ya boitlhamedi ya Hixon le Gayle, mmogo le bokgoni le ditsompelo tsa HYBE.<ref>Kim, Min-Young (16 December 2025). [https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2025-12-16/world/world/HYBE-announces-establishment-of-NFO-LLC-for-Tylas-global-management/2478770 "HYBE establishes NFO LLC, plans to take over Tyla's global management"]. ''Korea JoongAng Daily''. Retrieved 20 December 2025.</ref><ref>Benjamin, Jeff (15 December 2025). [https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffbenjamin/2025/12/15/k-pop-giant-hybe-announces-tyla-management-partnership-platform-for-african-music/ "K-Pop Giant HYBE Announces Tyla Management Partnership, Platform For African Music]". ''[[:en:Forbes|Forbes]]''. Retrieved 20 December 2025.</ref><ref>Schneider, Marc (15 December 2025). [https://www.billboard.com/pro/hybe-africa-expansion-tyla-global-music-strategy/ "HYBE's African Music Push Begins With Tyla as First Artist Supported: 'Unlimited Potential'".] ''Billboard PRO — Business News''. Retrieved 20 December 2025.</ref> Kwa Dikgeleng tsa Mmino tsa Grammy tsa bo masome a marataro le borobedi, Tyla o ne a fenya sekgele sa Best African Music Performance ka pina ya gagwe "Push 2 Start".<ref>Su, Jen (2 February 2026). "[https://www.timeslive.co.za/lifestyle/2026-02-02-tyla-wins-her-second-grammy-award/ Tyla wins her second Grammy award"]. ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 3 February 2026.</ref> O ne a nna modiragatsi wa ntlha go fenya setlhopha seo gabedi, morago ga gore a fenye ka "Water" ka ngwaga wa 2024.<ref>Ontong, Joel (2 February 2026). [https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/music/tylas-push-2-start-wins-grammy-for-best-african-music-performance-20260202-0274 "Tyla's Push 2 Start wins Grammy for Best African Music Performance"]. ''News24''. Retrieved 3 February 2026.</ref> O ne a fenya a gaisana le batlhophiwa ba bangwe ba ba neng ba akaretsa [[:en:Ayra_Starr|Ayra Starr]], [[:en:Burna_Boy|Burna Boy]], [[:en:Davido|Davido]] le [[:en:Eddy_Kenzo|Eddy Kenzo]].<ref>Ngcobo, Khanyisile (2 February 2026). [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5y27872qz0o "Tyla beats Burna Boya and Davido to African Grammy"]. ''BBC''. Retrieved 3 February 2026.</ref> Kwa moletlong oo, Tyla o ne a itsise ka kgobokanyo ya gagwe ya bobedi ya dipina ya studio e e tlang, ''A*Pop''.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5y27872qz0o "Tyla beats Burna Boya and Davido to African Grammy".] ''www.bbc.com''. 2 February 2026. Retrieved 2 February 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bosupa, ka ngwaga wa 2026, pina ya bobedi ya ''A*Pop'' e e bidiwang "[[:en:She_Did_It_Again|She Did It Again]]", e Tyla a neng a e opela mmogo le moopedi le mokwadi wa dipina wa kwa Sweden [[:en:Zara_Larsson|Zara Larsson]], e ne ya gololwa.<ref>Madarang, Charisma (17 April 2026). [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/tyla-zara-larsson-britney-she-did-it-again-song-video-1235548735/ "Tyla and Zara Larsson Channel Britney Spears in New Song 'She Did It Again'"]. ''[[:en:Rolling_Stone|Rolling Stone]]''. Retrieved 29 April 2026.</ref> Pina e e ne ya goroga mo maemong a bo masome a matlhano le borobongwe mo lenaneong la ''Billboard'' Hot 100 kwa United States,<ref>[https://www.billboard.com/artist/tyla/chart-history/hsi/ "Tyla Chart History (Hot 100)"]. ''[[:en:Billboard_(magazine)|Billboard]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20260429160801/https://www.billboard.com/artist/tyla/chart-history/hsi/ Archived] from the original on 29 April 2026. Retrieved 23 April 2026.</ref> le mo maemong a bobedi kwa Sweden.<ref>[https://sverigetopplistan.se/chart/41/?dspy=2026&dspp=17 "Veckolista Singlar, vecka 17, 2026"] (in Swedish). [[:en:Sverigetopplistan|Sverigetopplistan]]. Retrieved 24 April 2026.</ref> Moragonyana, Tyla o ne a dira mmogo le Larsson mo mofuteng o mosha wa pina "Hot & Sexy", e e neng e le mo kgobokanyong ya dipina tse di fetotsweng ya Larsson e e bidiwang [[:en:Midnight_Sun:_Girls_Trip|''Midnight Sun: Girls Trip'']], e e neng ya gololwa ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e tlhola letsatsi la ntlha, ka ngwaga wa 2026.<ref>[https://www.sonymusic.ca/press_release/zara-larsson-releases-midnight-sun-girls-trip-remix-album "Zara Larsson Releases Midnight Sun: Girls Trip Remix Album – Sony Music Canada".] ''[[:en:Sony_Music_Canada|Sony Music Canada]]''. 1 May 2026. Retrieved 3 May 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bobedi, ka ngwaga wa 2026, Tyla o ne a opela "[[:en:Game_Time_(Future_and_Tyla_song)|Game Time]]" mmogo le [[:en:Future_(rapper)|Future]] kwa [[:en:2026_FIFA_World_Cup_opening_ceremonies|moletlong wa go simolola]] [[:en:2026_FIFA_World_Cup|Kgaisano ya Lefatshe ya FIFA ya 2026]] kwa United States.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4g9g9xy9y7o "World Cup kicks off in the US with performances from Katy Perry, Future and Tyla"]. ''www.bbc.com''. 13 June 2026. Retrieved 13 June 2026.</ref> Gape o ne a opela [[:en:National_anthem_of_South_Africahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_anthem_of_South_Africa|pina ya setšhaba ya Aforika Borwa]] pele ga [[:en:2026_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_A#Mexico_vs_South_Africa|motshameko wa ntlha magareng ga Aforika Borwa le Mexico]].<ref>Ramalepe, Phumi (12 June 2026). [https://www.news24.com/life/lifestyle-trends/beauty-and-fashion/so-blessed-tyla-lights-up-fifa-world-cup-with-anthem-and-vuvuzela-inspired-sa-flag-dress-20260612-0647 "'So blessed': Tyla lights up FIFA World Cup with anthem and vuvuzela-inspired SA flag dress"]. ''[[:en:News24_(website)|News24]]''. Retrieved 17 June 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le robedi, ka ngwaga wa 2026, Tyla o ne a opela kwa [[:en:Montreux_Jazz_Festival|Montreux Jazz Festival.]]<ref>[https://srpske.rs/en/news/estrada/2026/07/24/tyla-releases-a-pop-album-pop-meets-amapiano "Tyla Drops 'A*POP': Pop Meets Amapiano on 14 Tracks"]. ''Srpske Novine''. 24 July 2026. Retrieved 25 July 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bone, ka ngwaga wa 2026, kgobokanyo ya gagwe ya bobedi ya dipina ya studio, A*Pop, e ne ya gololwa. E ne e na le dipina tse a neng a di opela mmogo le [[:en:Babalwa_M|Babalwa M,]] [[:en:MaWhoo|MaWhoo]], [[:en:Liquideep|Liquideep]] le Zara Larsson, mme ya amogelwa sentle ke [[:en:Music_journalism|batshwayadikgang ba moopelo]] .<ref>Tyla (24 July 2026). "[https://tidal.com/album/544869137/credits ''A*Pop'' / Credits"]. FAX Records, under exclusive license to [[:en:Epic_Records|Epic Records]], a division of [[:en:Sony_Music_Entertainment|Sony Music Entertainment.]] Retrieved 24 July 2026 &#x2013; via [[:en:Tidal_(service)|Tidal]].</ref><ref>[https://www.metacritic.com/music/apop/tyla "''A*POP'' by Tyla Reviews and Tracks"]. ''[[:en:Metacritic|Metacritic]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20260725232605/https://www.metacritic.com/music/apop/tyla Archived] from the original on 25 July 2026. Retrieved 25 July 2026.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola malatsi a le masome a mabedi le botlhano, ka ngwaga wa 2026, Tyla o ne a opela dipina tse di neng di akaretsa "Chanel" mo pontshong ya fa gare ga dipapadi ya [[:en:WNBA_All-Star_Game|WNBA All Star Game]].<ref>Henderson, Sydney; Hall, Meghan L.; Fin, Callie; Northam, Mitchell (25 July 2026). [https://eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/wnba/2026/07/25/wnba-all-star-game-live-team-coop-vs-team-spoon-rosters-channel/91050447007/ "Team Spoon wins WNBA All-Star Game behind MVP Jonquel Jones, Caitlin Clark".] ''[[:en:USA_Today|USA Today]]''. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20260726230713/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/wnba/2026/07/25/wnba-all-star-game-live-team-coop-vs-team-spoon-rosters-channel/91050447007/ Archived] from the original on 26 July 2026. Retrieved 26 July 2026.</ref> == Botaki == <gallery mode="packed"> Setshwantsho:Michael Jackson with Grammy Awards in 1984.jpg Setshwantsho:Rihanna - Concert for Valor in Washington, D.C. Nov. 11, 2014 (face cropped).jpg Setshwantsho:BritneyPOM19.jpg </gallery> === Ditlhotlheletso === Ditlhotlheletsi tse ditona tsa moopelo tsa ga Tyla ke [[:en:Michael_Jackson|Michael Jackson]],<ref>Itodo, Sunny Green (28 November 2023). [https://dailypost.ng/2023/11/28/wizkid-on-the-same-level-as-michael-jackson-drake-rihanna-tyla/ "'Wizkid on the same level as Michael Jackson, Drake, Rihanna' - Tyla]". ''Daily Post Nigeria''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref> [[:en:Rihanna|Rihanna]] <ref>Khulu, Ntombi (17 March 2023). [https://www.news24.com/truelove/exclusive/rising-star-tyla-on-being-inspired-by-brenda-fassie-rihanna-and-more-the-music-is-very-spiritual-20230317 "Rising Star | Water singer Tyla on her career - 'The music is very spiritual'"]. ''News24''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref>le [[:en:Britney_Spears|Britney Spears]].<ref>Mamo, Heran (20 March 2025). [https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/tyla-women-in-music-2025-impact-honoree-1235925892/ "Tyla on Her 'Different' New Music and How Whitney and Britney Inspire Her]". ''Billboard''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref> Rihanna segolobogolo e nnile sekao sa Tyla, mo modumong wa mmino wa gagwe le mo goemeleng lefatshe la gaabo mo seraleng sa lefatshe lotlhe.<ref>Dailey, Hannah (30 April 2024). [https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/tyla-reacts-rihanna-comparisons-im-my-own-artist-1235670308/ "Tyla Reacts to Rihanna Comparisons: 'I'm My Own Artist'"]. ''Billboard''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref> Baopedi ba bangwe ba ba mo tlhotlheleditseng ba akaretsa [[:en:Beyoncé|Beyoncé]], [[:en:Whitney_Houston|Whitney Houston]],<ref>Mamo, Heran (20 March 2025)[https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/tyla-women-in-music-2025-impact-honoree-1235925892/ . "Tyla on Her 'Different' New Music and How Whitney and Britney Inspire Her"]. ''Billboard''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref> [[:en:Aaliyah|Aaliyah]],<ref>Su, Jen (12 November 2024). [https://www.sowetan.co.za//entertainment/2024-11-12-tyla-pays-homage-to-aaliyah-after-emas-honours/ "Tyla pays homage to Aaliyah after EMAs honours"]. ''Sowetan''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref> [[:en:Janet_Jackson|Janet Jackson]],<ref>Glamour (22 October 2025). ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7bOpPWPeKk Tyla Reveals What's On Her Phone | Glamour]''. Retrieved 22 August 2026 &#x2013; via YouTube.</ref>[[:en:Shakira|Shakira]],<ref>[https://m.jacarandafm.com/news/entertainment/tyla-shines-alongside-shakira/ "WATCH: Tyla joins Shakira on stage during US tour stop in Brooklyn"]. ''Jacaranda FM''. Retrieved 17 August 2026.</ref>[[:en:Cassie_Ventura|Cassie]],<ref>Vikilahle, Luthando (23 September 1981). [https://gq.co.za/culture/entertainment/2023-07-26-tyla-opens-up-about-her-dm-to-drake-on-spotifys-mic-check/ "Tyla opens up about her DM to Drake on Spotify's Mic Check"]. ''GQ''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref>[[:en:Drake_(musician)|Drake]],<ref>Paul, Larisha (14 March 2024). [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/tyla-new-album-interview-drake-justin-bieber-1234962965/ "Tyla Wants To Show America How To Really Party"]. ''Rolling Stone''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref> le baopedi ba bangwe ba Aforika ba ba jaaka [[:en:Wizkid|Wizkid]],<ref>Itodo, Sunny Green (28 November 2023). [https://dailypost.ng/2023/11/28/wizkid-on-the-same-level-as-michael-jackson-drake-rihanna-tyla/ "'Wizkid on the same level as Michael Jackson, Drake, Rihanna' - Tyla".] ''Daily Post Nigeria''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref> [[:en:Tems|Tems]] <ref>Babalola, Seyi (21 March 2025). [https://thesun.ng/how-tems-britney-spears-whitney-houston-inspire-me-tyla/ "How Tems, Britney Spears, Whitney Houston inspire me – Tyla"]. ''The Sun Nigeria''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref>le [[:en:Freshlyground|Freshlyground]].<ref>Khulu, Ntombi. [https://www.news24.com/truelove/exclusive/rising-star-tyla-on-being-inspired-by-brenda-fassie-rihanna-and-more-the-music-is-very-spiritual-20230317 "Rising Star | Water singer Tyla on her career - 'The music is very spiritual'"]. ''News24''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref> O godile a reetsa moopelo wa ga Aaliyah.<ref>Rhode, Jade (3 June 2026). [https://www.bona.co.za/entertainment/tyla-covers-iconic-aaliyah-song-in-free-concert/ "Tyla covers iconic Aaliyah song in 'free concert'"]. ''Bona Magazine''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref> O buile gore toro ya gagwe ke go nna moopedi wa ntlha wa pop wa Aforika yo o itsegeng mo lefatsheng lotlhe le go dira gore mmino wa Aforika Borwa o fiwe tlhokomelo e ntsi.<ref>Maako, Keitumetse (2 December 2023)[https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/music/staying-true-to-her-roots-and-giving-the-world-a-south-african-popstar-tylas-dream-comes-true-20231201 . "Staying true to her roots and giving the world a South African popstar: Tyla's dream comes true | News24".] ''News24''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref> Gape o boletse gore o simolotse ka go tsenya diphetolelo tsa dipina tsa [[:en:Justin_Bieber|Justin Bieber]] mo maranyaneng,<ref>Paul, Larisha (14 March 2024). [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/tyla-new-album-interview-drake-justin-bieber-1234962965/ "Tyla Wants To Show America How To Really Party".] ''Rolling Stone''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref> mme modumo wa gagwe o na le ditshupo tsa mokgwa wa [[:en:Ariana_Grande|Ariana Grande]] wa go itshupa ka botsalano le kgogedi ya moopedi yo mosha.<ref>[https://i-d.co/article/tyla-interview-south-africa-popstar/ "Tyla is bringing amapiano muisc to the global pop scene"]. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref> === Mokgwa wa gagwe wa mmino === Mmino wa Tyla o ikaegile thata ka "popiano",<ref>Franx, Jamila (11 June 2026). [https://medium.com/@dtwilliams93/i-dont-see-the-hype-around-tyla-a42560e8f3e0 "I Don't See The Hype Around Tyla]". ''Medium''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref><ref>Saleh, Raïs (3 December 2025). [https://mena.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/popiano-tyla/ "Is Popiano the Next African Wave?] Ask Tyla". ''Rolling Stone MENA''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref> e leng leina le le dirisiwang go tlhalosa motswako wa mefuta ya mmino wa [[:en:Pop_music|pop]] le [[:en:Amapiano|amapiano]], mmogo le dikarolo tsa [[:en:Rhythm_and_blues|R&B]] le [[:en:Afrobeats|Afrobeats]].<ref>Demarco, Catalaya. [https://thedrumbeat.com/2870329/arts-entertainment/tyla-pioneers-new-genre-popiano-on-american-airwaves/ "Tyla pioneers new genre, Popiano, on American airwaves".] ''The DrumBeat''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref> O fetolela meropa ya log le meretheto e e tlhaolegileng ya amapiano go nna dipina tse dikhutshwane tsa pop le R&B tsa metsotso e le meraro, a dira modumo o o kopanyang go lolamisiwa ga mmino wa pop wa Bophirima le ngwao ya mmino ya Aforika.<ref>Velasquez, Angelina. [https://www.revolt.tv/article/tyla-controls-her-narrative-in-music-and-race-debates "Tyla takes control of her narrative, from defining her music to her South African identity"]. ''REVOLT''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref><ref>January, Amaarah (14 June 2024). [https://web.archive.org/web/20260919111532/https://tfgmedia.co.za/life-style/personalities/tyla-is-taking-over-the-music-world/ "Tyla is taking over the music world".] ''TFG Media''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref>Mafoko a dipina tsa gagwe gantsi a sekaseka lorato, boitshupo le go itshepa. O itsege e le "[[:en:Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music|Kgosigadi ya Popiano]]",<ref>Gyre, S’bo (11 February 2024). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-02-11-tyla-the-ascent-of-the-queen-of-popiano/ "The magic behind the meteoric rise of Tyla, Grammy award winner and Queen of Popiano".] ''Daily Maverick''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref> mme o itlhagisa e le moopedi yo mogolo wa amapiano mo lefatsheng lotlhe,<ref>Allaire, Christian (13 April 2025). [https://www.vogue.com/article/tyla-coachella-debut-dolce-and-gabbana "Tyla Marked Her First Coachella Performance With Vintage Y2K Style"]. ''Vogue''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref><ref>Pometsey, Olive (21 August 2025)[https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/music/tyla-singer-brings-popiano-london-all-points-east-b1243917.html . "Tyla has conquered the world — now South Africa's popiano queen takes London".] ''The Standard''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref> fa ka nako e le nngwe a dira gore go bonale sentle gore o emela ngwao ya Aforika Borwa ka tlhamalalo, e seng "Afrobeats" fela.<ref>Adhis, Paula (29 October 2024). [https://www.okayafrica.com/opinion-can-tyla-balance-amapiano-authenticity-with-global-pop-dreams/195022 "Opinion: Can Tyla Balance Amapiano Authenticity with Global Pop Dreams?".] ''okayafrica''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref><ref>Peter, Dennis Ade (15 October 2024). [https://www.okayafrica.com/opinion-afrobeats-or-amapiano-whats-the-best-description-for-tylas-music/195862 "Opinion: Afrobeats or Amapiano - What's the Best Description for Tyla's Music?"]. ''okayafrica''. Retrieved 4 July 2026.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ |"Fa ke sa ntse ke le ngwana, ke ne ke nna ke solofetse gore naledi ya pop e e tshwanang le Rihanna, Britney Spears kgotsa Michael Jackson e tla tswa mo Aforika Borwa. Ke ne ke batla gore naledi e tswe kwa toropong ya gaetsho. Jaanong, mo bathong ba toropo ya gaetsho, ke batla go nna naledi ya pop e e emelang Aforika Borwa". — Tyla o bua le [[:en:Rolling_Stone|''Rolling Stone'']] ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borobabongwe ka ngwaga wa 2024.<ref>Mier, Tomas; Woldenberg, Ilana (19 January 2024)[https://rollingstonejapan.com/articles/detail/40351/1/1/1 . "Amapiano's rising star, Tyla, talks about the behind-the-scenes story of the creation of one of the biggest hits of 2023, "Water""]. ''[[:en:Rolling_Stone#International_editions|Rolling Stone Japan]]''. Retrieved 2 September 2024.</ref> |} == Dikgobokanyo tsa dipina == ''Setlhogo se segolo: [[:en:Tyla_discography|Dikgobokanyo tsa dipina tsa Tyla]]'' • [[:en:Tyla_(album)|''Tyla'']] (2024) • ''[[:en:A*Pop|A*Pop]]'' (2026) == Ditiro tsa gagwe mo ditshwantshong tse di tsamayang == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ngwaga !Setlhogo !Seabe !Motswedi |- |2024 |[[:en:A_Nonsense_Christmas_with_Sabrina_Carpenter|A Nonsense Christmas with Sabrina Carpenter]] ([[:en:Netflix|Netflix]]) [[:en:Victoria's_Secret_Fashion_Show_2024|2024 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show]] ([[:en:Amazon_Prime_Video|Amazon Prime]]) |Ene |<ref>Phillips, Zoe G. (19 November 2024). [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/music-news/sabrina-carpenter-a-nonsense-christmas-special-netflix-1236065591/ "Sabrina Carpenter Reveals 'A Nonsense Christmas' Trailer During Final Los Angeles Concert".] ''[[:en:The_Hollywood_Reporter|The Hollywood Reporter]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20241125020556/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/music-news/sabrina-carpenter-a-nonsense-christmas-special-netflix-1236065591/ Archived] from the original on 25 November 2024. Retrieved 23 November 2024.</ref> <ref>[https://people.com/tyra-banks-gigi-hadid-announce-2024-victorias-secret-fashion-show-details-8702976 "The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show Is Returning to NYC - and Bringing Icon Tyra Banks Back Too".] ''People.com''. Retrieved 11 November 2025.</ref> |- |2025 | [[:en:2025_Kids'_Choice_Awards|2025 Kids' Choice Awards]] (Paramount & [[:en:Nickelodeon|Nickelodeon]] |Ene |<ref>[http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2025/05/15/grammy-award-winning-multiplatinum-global-superstar-tyla-to-host-nickelodeon-kids-choice-awards-202 "Breaking News | TheFutonCritic.com - The Web's Best Television Resource"]. ''www.thefutoncritic.com''. Retrieved 11 November 2025.</ref> |- |2026 |[[:en:Toy_Story_5|''Toy Story 5'']] |Mogolori yo o bodulosiwang (lentswe) |<ref>Kaufman, Gil (10 June 2026). [https://www.billboard.com/culture/tv-film/tyla-voice-cast-sub-saharan-toy-story-5-flamingo-1236269514/ "Tyla Joins Voice Cast of Sub-Saharan Version of 'Toy Story 5' as Inflatable Flamingo: 'The Story Is So Fire!'".] ''Billboard''. Retrieved 11 June 2026.</ref> |} == Maeto == ==== Setlhogo ==== * [[:en:We_Wanna_Party_Tour|Re Batla Leeto la Moletlo]] (2025) * [[:en:The_A*Pop_World_Tour|Leeto la Lefatshe Lotlhe la A*Pop]] (2026–2027) ==== Papatso ==== * [[:en:Tyla_Tour|Leeto la Tyla]] (2024-2025) ==== Thotloetso ==== * [[:en:Under_the_Influence_Tour|Leeto la Tlhotlheletso]] (la ga [[:en:Under_the_Influence_Tour|Chris Brown]]) (2023) == Dikgele le ditlhopho == ===== ''Setlhogo se segolo: [[:en:List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Tyla|Lenaane la dikgele le ditlhopho tse di amogetsweng ke Tyla]]'' ===== == Bona ga gape == * [[:en:List_of_South_African_Grammy_Award_winners_and_nominees|Lenaane la befenyi dikgele ya Grammy ya Aforika Borwa le ba ba tlhophilweng]] * [[:en:Ariana_Grande|Lenaane la bafenyi le batlhophiwa ba dikgele ya Ivor Novello (2010–2020)]] == Metswedi == * https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/artist/tyla [[Karolo:Aforika Borwa]] [[Category:MTV African Music Award]] [[Category:South African Award]] [[Category:Tyla Neemah Anolds]] [[Category:Water]] == Career == === 2019–2022: Go simolola tiro === Mo bokhutlong jwa 2019 morago ga go fetsa sekolo se segolo,[1] Tyla o ne a golola pina ya gagwe ya ntlha, "Getting Late" e e neng e na le tlhagiso go tswa kwa Kooldrink, e e neng ya fitlhelela katlego ya bosetšhaba.[2] E filimilwe ke mookamedi wa gagwe ka dinako tse di rileng mo nakong yotlhe ya go tswalelwa mo matlong a rona ka ntlha ya leroborobo la COVID-19,[3] bidio ya mmino e e tsamayang le yone e ne ya gololwa ka Ferikgong 2021.[4] E kgobokantse dipono di le dimilione di le mmalwa mo YouTube,[5] mme e ne ya tlhophiwa go bona Awate ya Mmino ya Aforikaborwa ya Vidio e e Gaisang ya Mmino ya Ngwaga ka 2022.<ref name="samas22">{{Cite web |last=Shumba |first=Ano |date=7 June 2022 |title=South African Music Awards 2022: All the nominees |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/south-african-music-awards-2022-all-nominees |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424070930/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/south-african-music-awards-2022-all-nominees |archive-date=24 April 2023 |access-date=24 April 2023 |website=Music Africa}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2021, o ne a simolola go ithutela dikirii ya boenjenere jwa meepo,[1] mme morago ga go tlhotlhelediwa thata le "go lela thata", batsadi ba gagwe ba ne ba dumela go letlelela Tyla go tsaya ngwaga a sa tsene yunibesithi go leka go tsholetsa tiro ya gagwe ya mmino mo mmung.[2] Morago ga moo o ne a saena konteraka ya go rekota le Epic Records ka go dirisana mmogo le Fax Records kwa United States ka Motsheganong 2021.[3][4] O ne a latela pina ya gagwe ya ntlha ka dipina tsa "Overdue" ka Diphalane 2021, le "To Last" ka Ngwanaitseele 2022.<ref name="Overdue">{{Cite web |last=Rashed |first=Ayana |date=7 October 2021 |title=Tyla Releases New Visual For "Overdue" Featuring DJ Lag & Kooldrink Out Now |url=https://respect-mag.com/2021/10/tyla-releases-new-visual-for-overdue-featuring-dj-lag-kooldrink-out-now/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429005113/https://respect-mag.com/2021/10/tyla-releases-new-visual-for-overdue-featuring-dj-lag-kooldrink-out-now/ |archive-date=29 April 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=[[Respect (magazine)|Respect]]}}</ref> <ref name="To Last">{{Cite web |last=Keila |date=6 November 2022 |title=Tyla Kicks Off With a Impressive New Single "To Last" |url=https://outnowmagazine.com/tyla-to-last/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424072423/https://outnowmagazine.com/tyla-to-last/ |archive-date=24 April 2023 |access-date=24 April 2023 |website=Out Now}}</ref> === 2023–2024: Phitlhelelo ya boditšhabatšhaba ka "Metsi" le ''Tyla'' === Tiragatso ya ntlha ya ga Tyla phatlalatsa e diragetse ka 2023 ka nako ya moletlo wa morago ga moletlo wa Dolce & Gabbana kwa Bekeng ya Feshene ya Milan, [1] [2] morago ga go gololwa ga pina ya gagwe e le nngwe ya "Been Thinking", ditšhate.[5][6] Heven Haile wa Pitchfork o ne a e tlhalosa e le "pina e e borethe ya tlelapo e e fetisang dipina tse di gogelang tsa pop-R&B tsa bogare jwa dingwaga tsa bo 2000 tsa ga Ciara le Rihanna".[7] Tyla o ne a kopanela le Chris Brown jaaka modiragatsi wa go simolola Leeto la gagwe la Ka fa Tlase ga Tlhotlheletso.[8] Ka Motsheganong 2023, o ne a golola pina e le nngwe ya "Girl Next Door", e e neng e na le seopedi sa kwa Nigeria e bong Ayra Starr.<ref name="Pierre">{{Cite web |last=Pierre |first=Alphonse |date=11 May 2023 |title=Listen to Tyla and Ayra Starr's New Song "Girl Next Door" |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/listen-to-tyla-and-ayra-starr-new-song-girl-next-door/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907160420/https://pitchfork.com/news/listen-to-tyla-and-ayra-starr-new-song-girl-next-door/ |archive-date=7 September 2023 |access-date=7 September 2023 |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref> Tyla o ne a golola pina ya "Water" ka Phukwi 2023 e le pina e e eteletseng pele mo alebamong ya gagwe ya ntlha ya studio e e bidiwang ka leina la gagwe.[1][2] Morago ga go tlhola kgwetlho ya go bina e e neng ya anama mo sethaleng sa media wa botsalano sa TikTok,[3][4] "Metsi" a ne a fitlha kwa setlhoeng mo gare ga maemo a a kwa godimo a le 10 mo dinageng tse dintsi go akaretsa Aforika Borwa,[5] United States,[6] le United Kingdom.[7] Tyla e nnile seopedi sa ntlha sa Aforika Borwa se se opelang a le esi mo dingwageng di le 55 mme e le yo mmotlana go gaisa botlhe go tsena mo lenaaneng la US Billboard Hot 100 ka "Metsi", morago ga "Go Fula mo Bojannyeng" ga ga Hugh Masekela ka 1968.[8] O ne a diragatsa "Water" ka tlhamalalo mo Pontshong ya Bianca kwa Sweden le mo Pontshong ya Bosigo jono e e neng e na le Jimmy Fallon kwa United States.[9][10] Vidio ya mmino wa "Water" e ne ya gololwa ka la bo 6 Diphalane 2023, e ne ya bonwa ke batho ba le dimilione di le 3 mo YouTube mo malatsing a le mararo.[11] Tyla o ne a tlhagisiwa mo mofuteng o o kopantsweng wa "Girls Need Love" ka Summer Walker, o o neng wa gololwa jaaka karolo ya motshameko o o atolositsweng wa Girls Mix ka Diphalane 2023. Pele ga Sedimonthole 2023, o ne a itsise go gololwa ga alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha ya setudio, Tyla (2024), mme ka nako e le nngwe a golola dipina di le tharo: "Truth or Dare", "On and On", le "Butterflies", jaaka dipina tsa papatso go tswa mo porojekeng mo motshamekong o o atolositsweng wa leina le le tshwanang.[1] Tyla o ne a diragatsa medley ya "Metsi" le "Boammaaruri kgotsa Bopelokgale" mo makgaolakgannyeng a paka ya bo 24 ya The Voice ka Sedimonthole 19 2023.[2] Kwa Dikabong tsa Grammy tsa Ngwaga le Ngwaga tsa bo 66 ka Tlhakole 2024, Tyla o ne a gapa Kabo ya ntlha ya Grammy ya Tiragatso e e Gaisang ya Mmino wa Aforika ka "Water", gape a nna motaki yo mmotlana go gaisa botlhe wa Aforika go gapa Kabo ya Grammy.[3] Alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha e ne ya gololwa semmuso ka Fax le Epic Records ka 22 Mopitlwe 2024.[4] Bidio ya mmino e e neng e tsamaya le "Art" e ne ya gololwa mmogo le alebamo.[1] Tyla o ne a akgolwa thata ke batshwayadiphoso,[2] mme a fitlha kwa maemong a a kwa godimo a le masome a mabedi le botlhano mo ditšhateng tsa dialebamo kwa United States,[3] United Kingdom,[4] Netherlands,[5] Norway,[6] New Zealand,[7] le Switzerland.[8] Tyla o amogetse ditlhopho tse dintsi kwa Dikabong tsa Mmino tsa Metro FM tsa bo 18 mo Aforika Borwa, ka ditlhopho di le thataro.[9][10] O ne a tswelela go fenya dikabelo tse dintsi kwa Dikabong tsa BET tsa 2024, a bofa le Usher le Victoria Monét kwa Bobogelong jwa Peacock kwa Los Angeles, California, kwa a neng a dira tiragatso e e tshelang ya "Jump" lekgetlo la ntlha mmogo le Gunna le Skillibeng. Ka di 11 Diphalane 2024, Tyla o ne a golola kgatiso ya maemo a a kwa godimo ya alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha ya setudio e e nang le dipina tse dingwe tse tharo tse di akaretsang "Push 2 Start". Ka mmino, "Push 2 Start" ke pina ya pop-R&B ya amapiano e e tsentsweng reggae, e e neng ya amogelwa sentle mme bidio ya yone ya mmino e ne ya bontshiwa la ntlha mo YouTube ka 8 Ngwanaitseele 2024.[1][2][3][4] Tyla o ne a diragatsa kwa Pontshong ya Feshene ya Sephiri sa Victoria ya 2024.[5][6] Ka la 11 Ngwanatsele 2024, o ne a tlhagelela lekgetlo la ntlha kwa Dikabong tsa Mmino tsa MTV Yuropa (EMAs), a diragatsa dipina tsa gagwe tsa "Push 2 Start" le "Water".[7] Bosigo joo, o ne a gapa di-EMA di le tharo tsa 'Molao o o Gaisang wa Aforika', 'Motaki yo o Gaisang wa Afrobeats' le 'Motaki yo o Gaisang wa R&B'.[7] Ka la bo 5 le la bo 7 Sedimonthole 2024, Tyla o ne a tshwara dikhonsarata tse pedi kwa Aforika Borwa kwa a tsholetsweng teng, kwa Motsekapa le kwa Pretoria, ka go latelana, mme go ne ga okediwa ka letlha le lengwe kwa Pretoria la Ferikgong 18 2025.[8] Dipontsho tseno di ne tsa tla pele ga tshimologo ya Leeto la gagwe la Tyla ka 2025, le le neng le na le go tlhagelela mo meletlong go ralala dikgakologo le selemo sa 2025, mme dipontsho tse dingwe kwa Yuropa di ne di tla rulaganngwa sešwa morago ga gore Tyla a gobale.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keteyi |first=Oluthando |date=8 March 2024 |title=Tyla left heartbroken as injury forces her to cancel US tour and Coachella gig |url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/international/tyla-left-heartbroken-as-injury-forces-her-to-cancel-us-tour-and-coachella-gig-72829270-9da9-4440-9e6d-0304e93feff9 |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=[[Independent Online]]}}</ref> === 2025–gompieno: ''WWP'' le ''A*POP'' === [[File:Tyla_at_KCAs_2025_02.png|alt=Tyla, wearing a black T-shirt with "We Wanna Party" displayed across the front of it in gold letters, holding a microphone up to her mouth.|left|thumb| Tyla kwa Diawateng tsa Tlhopho ya Bana tsa 2025]] Tyla o ne a tlhagelela mo pineng ya "When ke na le wena" ke moopedi wa repe wa Thailand Lisa go tswa mo alebamong ya gagwe ya Alter Ego, e e neng ya gololwa ka la bo 28 Tlhakole 2025.[1] Ka di 18 Moranang 2025, go ne ga gololwa pina ya WizTheMc le Bees & Honey ya "Show Me Love" e e nang le Tyla.[2] Remix e ne ya tlhagisiwa la ntlha ka tlhamalalo kwa seteng ya gagwe ya Coachella 2025, kwa a neng a diragatsa gape pina ya gagwe e e tlang ya "Bliss" lekgetlo la ntlha.[3] Ka la 9 Motsheganong 2025, Tyla o ne a golola pina e le nngwe ya "Bliss",[4] mme a nna moamogedi wa Diawate tsa Tlhopho ya Bana tsa Nickelodeon kgwedi e e latelang.[5] Single ya bobedi, "Is It", e ne ya gololwa ka la bo 11 Phukwi.[6] O kwadile le go diragatsa pina ya "Sengwe le sengwe se tsamaya le Botala jwa loapi" ya pina ya modumo ya Smurfs, e e neng ya gololwa ka la bo 18 Phukwi 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Aaron |date=13 June 2025 |title=Tyla Shares 'Everything Goes with Blue' for the 'Smurfs' Soundtrack |url=https://uproxx.com/music/tyla-everything-goes-with-blue-smurfs |access-date=11 July 2025 |website=uproxx}}</ref> "Bliss" le "Is It" di ne tsa akarediwa mo motshamekong wa gagwe wa bobedi o o atolositsweng wa WWP, e leng khutshwafatso ya We Wanna Party, e e neng ya gololwa ka la bo 25 Phukwi 2025.[1] Tyla o tlhalositse EP jaaka "borogo jwa alebamo ya bobedi", e e neng e rulaganyeditswe go gololwa moragonyana mo ngwageng oo, mme a tlhalosa gore "e tlile go nna le maikutlo a a farologaneng gotlhelele le a batho ba a solofetseng".[2] Ka la bo 7 Lwetse 2025, Tyla o ne a tsenela Dikabelo tsa Mmino wa Dibidio tsa MTV tsa 2025, kwa a neng a gapa sekgele sa Best Afrobeats sa "Push 2 Start" (2024), e leng phenyo ya gagwe ya bobedi mo setlhopheng seno morago ga gore a fenye sekgele sa "Metsi" kwa moletlong wa ngwaga o o fetileng[3]. Fa a ne a le kwa dikabong, Tyla o ne a apere seaparo mo khapeteng e khibidu go tswa mo kokoanyong ya Chanel ya Dikgakologo/Selemo sa '93, mme moragonyana a abelana ka poso ya Instagram e e nang le setlhogo se se reng "NTSENYE MO CHANELLLLL",[4] e e neng e lebega e supa go gololwa ga pina e a neng a e sotla mo nakong e e fetileng ka Phukwi wa ngwaga oo. Tyla o ne a tlhagelela mo "Bua le Nna", le Damiano David le Nile Rodgers, e e neng ya gololwa ka Lwetse a le 11 2025.[6] Tyla o ne a tlhagelela mo pineng ya "Nice Guy" go tswa mo alebamong ya ga Cardi B ya A Ke Terama? (2025), e e neng ya gololwa ka di 19 Lwetse 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2026 |title=Cardi B Thanks Kehlani and Tyla For Surprise 'Little Miss Drama' Appearances |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/651607-cardi-b-thanks-kehlani-and-tyla-for-surprise-little-miss-drama-appearances |access-date=4 May 2026 |website=[[Geo News]] |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Tyla_performing_at_the_WNBA_All-Star_Game.png|alt=Tyla wearing a black and white striped outfit performing alongside three dancers who are knelt on the stage surrounding her.|thumb| Tyla o diragatsa kwa pontshong ya halofo ya Motshameko wa Dinaledi Tsotlhe wa WNBA ka Phukwi 2026]] Ka di 24 Diphalane, Tyla o ne a golola pina e le nngwe ya "Chanel",[1] e e neng ya nna pina ya gagwe e e kwa godimo mo ditšhateng tsa Billboard Global 200 fa e sale ka "Water" (2023), mme ya fitlha kwa maemong a bo 11,[2] fa e ne e fitlha kwa maemong a bo 43 mo Billboard Hot 100 ya Amerika.[3] E dira jaaka pina e e eteletseng pele ya alebamo ya gagwe ya bobedi ya studio, A * Pop (2026). Ka di 11 Ngwanatsele 2025, Tyla o ne a simolola leeto la gagwe la bobedi la dikhonsarata, Leeto la We Wanna Party (2025), ka pontsho e e neng e rekisitswe kwa Ariake Arena kwa Tokyo.[4] Ka Sedimonthole 2025, khamphani ya boitlosobodutu ya Korea Borwa ya HYBE e ne ya itsise tirisanommogo e ntšha le khamphani ya botsamaisi ya ga Tyla, e leng Setheo sa Boitlhamedi sa Aforika (ACA).[5][6] Ka fa tlase ga NFO LLC e e sa tswang go tlhamiwa, HYBE le Brandon Hixon le Colin Gayle ba ACA ba tla laola Tyla jaaka karolo ya "leano la katoloso" le legolo go "godisa" bataki ba kontinente ya Aforika ba dirisa boitseanape jwa boitlhamedi jwa ga Hixon le Gales le "tekanyo le didirisiwa" tsa HYBE.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Min-Young |date=16 December 2025 |title=HYBE establishes NFO LLC, plans to take over Tyla's global management |url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2025-12-16/world/world/HYBE-announces-establishment-of-NFO-LLC-for-Tylas-global-management/2478770 |access-date=20 December 2025 |website=Korea JoongAng Daily}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benjamin |first=Jeff |date=15 December 2025 |title=K-Pop Giant HYBE Announces Tyla Management Partnership, Platform For African Music |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffbenjamin/2025/12/15/k-pop-giant-hybe-announces-tyla-management-partnership-platform-for-african-music/ |access-date=20 December 2025 |website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schneider |first=Marc |date=15 December 2025 |title=HYBE's African Music Push Begins With Tyla as First Artist Supported: 'Unlimited Potential' |url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/hybe-africa-expansion-tyla-global-music-strategy/ |access-date=20 December 2025 |website=Billboard PRO — Business News}}</ref> Kwa Dikabong tsa Ngwaga le Ngwaga tsa Grammy tsa bo 68, Tyla o ne a gapa kabelo ya Tiragatso e e Gaisang ya Mmino wa Aforika ka pina ya gagwe ya "Push 2 Start".[1] O nnile motaki wa ntlha go fenya setlhopha seno gabedi, a kile a fenya ka 2024 mo "Water".[2] O fentse pele ga batlhophiwa ba ba akaretsang Ayra Starr, Burna Boy, Davido, le Eddy Kenzo.[3] Kwa moletlong, Tyla o ne a itsise ka alebamo ya gagwe ya bobedi e e tlang ya studio, A*Pop.[4] Ka di 17 Moranang 2026, pina ya bobedi go tswa mo A * Pop e e bidiwang "O E Diretse Gape", e e nang le seopedi-mokwadi wa dipina wa Sweden Zara Larsson, e ne ya gololwa.[5] E ne ya fitlha kwa maemong a bo 59 mo lenaaneng la dipina la US,[6] le kwa maemong a bobedi kwa Sweden.[7] Tyla moragonyana o ne a dirisana le Larsson mo go kopanyeng pina ya "Hot & Sexy" go tswa mo alebamong ya go kopanya ya motaki wa bofelo, Letsatsi la Bosigogare: Leeto la Basetsana (2026), e e neng ya gololwa ka la bo 1 Motsheganong.[8] Ka la 12 Seetebosigo, Tyla o ne a diragatsa "Game Time" mmogo le Future kwa moletlong wa pulo ya Sejana sa Lefatshe sa FIFA sa 2026 kwa United States,[9] le pina ya bosetšhaba ya Aforika Borwa pele ga motshameko wa pulo magareng ga Aforika Borwa le Mexico.[10] Ka di 8 tsa Phukwi, o ne a diragatsa kwa Moletlong wa Jazz wa Montreux.[11] Go gololwa ga A*Pop go ne ga latela ka la bo 24 Phukwi, go ne go na le tirisanommogo go tswa go Babalwa M, MaWhoo, Liquideep, le Larsson, mme go ne ga amogelwa ka kamogelo e e siameng ke batshwayadiphoso ba mmino.[12][13] Ka 25 Phukwi, Tyla o ne a diragatsa lenaane la dipina tse di akaretsang "Chanel" kwa pontshong ya nako ya go ikhutsa ya Motshameko wa WNBA All-Star. == Career == === 2019–2022: Go simolola tiro === Mo bokhutlong jwa 2019 morago ga go fetsa sekolo se segolo,[1] Tyla o ne a golola pina ya gagwe ya ntlha, "Getting Late" e e neng e na le tlhagiso go tswa kwa Kooldrink, e e neng ya fitlhelela katlego ya bosetšhaba.[2] E filimilwe ke mookamedi wa gagwe ka dinako tse di rileng mo nakong yotlhe ya go tswalelwa mo matlong a rona ka ntlha ya leroborobo la COVID-19,[3] bidio ya mmino e e tsamayang le yone e ne ya gololwa ka Ferikgong 2021.[4] E kgobokantse dipono di le dimilione di le mmalwa mo YouTube,[5] mme e ne ya tlhophiwa go bona Awate ya Mmino ya Aforikaborwa ya Vidio e e Gaisang ya Mmino ya Ngwaga ka 2022.<ref name="samas22"/> Go tloga ka 2021, o ne a simolola go ithutela dikirii ya boenjenere jwa meepo,[1] mme morago ga go tlhotlhelediwa thata le "go lela thata", batsadi ba gagwe ba ne ba dumela go letlelela Tyla go tsaya ngwaga a sa tsene yunibesithi go leka go tsholetsa tiro ya gagwe ya mmino mo mmung.[2] Morago ga moo o ne a saena konteraka ya go rekota le Epic Records ka go dirisana mmogo le Fax Records kwa United States ka Motsheganong 2021.[3][4] O ne a latela pina ya gagwe ya ntlha ka dipina tsa "Overdue" ka Diphalane 2021, le "To Last" ka Ngwanaitseele 2022.<ref name="Overdue"/> <ref name="To Last"/> === 2023–2024: Phitlhelelo ya boditšhabatšhaba ka "Metsi" le ''Tyla'' === Tiragatso ya ntlha ya ga Tyla phatlalatsa e diragetse ka 2023 ka nako ya moletlo wa morago ga moletlo wa Dolce & Gabbana kwa Bekeng ya Feshene ya Milan, [1] [2] morago ga go gololwa ga pina ya gagwe e le nngwe ya "Been Thinking", ditšhate.[5][6] Heven Haile wa Pitchfork o ne a e tlhalosa e le "pina e e borethe ya tlelapo e e fetisang dipina tse di gogelang tsa pop-R&B tsa bogare jwa dingwaga tsa bo 2000 tsa ga Ciara le Rihanna".[7] Tyla o ne a kopanela le Chris Brown jaaka modiragatsi wa go simolola Leeto la gagwe la Ka fa Tlase ga Tlhotlheletso.[8] Ka Motsheganong 2023, o ne a golola pina e le nngwe ya "Girl Next Door", e e neng e na le seopedi sa kwa Nigeria e bong Ayra Starr.<ref name="Pierre"/> Tyla o ne a golola pina ya "Water" ka Phukwi 2023 e le pina e e eteletseng pele mo alebamong ya gagwe ya ntlha ya studio e e bidiwang ka leina la gagwe.[1][2] Morago ga go tlhola kgwetlho ya go bina e e neng ya anama mo sethaleng sa media wa botsalano sa TikTok,[3][4] "Metsi" a ne a fitlha kwa setlhoeng mo gare ga maemo a a kwa godimo a le 10 mo dinageng tse dintsi go akaretsa Aforika Borwa,[5] United States,[6] le United Kingdom.[7] Tyla e nnile seopedi sa ntlha sa Aforika Borwa se se opelang a le esi mo dingwageng di le 55 mme e le yo mmotlana go gaisa botlhe go tsena mo lenaaneng la US Billboard Hot 100 ka "Metsi", morago ga "Go Fula mo Bojannyeng" ga ga Hugh Masekela ka 1968.[8] O ne a diragatsa "Water" ka tlhamalalo mo Pontshong ya Bianca kwa Sweden le mo Pontshong ya Bosigo jono e e neng e na le Jimmy Fallon kwa United States.[9][10] Vidio ya mmino wa "Water" e ne ya gololwa ka la bo 6 Diphalane 2023, e ne ya bonwa ke batho ba le dimilione di le 3 mo YouTube mo malatsing a le mararo.[11] Tyla o ne a tlhagisiwa mo mofuteng o o kopantsweng wa "Girls Need Love" ka Summer Walker, o o neng wa gololwa jaaka karolo ya motshameko o o atolositsweng wa Girls Mix ka Diphalane 2023. Pele ga Sedimonthole 2023, o ne a itsise go gololwa ga alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha ya setudio, Tyla (2024), mme ka nako e le nngwe a golola dipina di le tharo: "Truth or Dare", "On and On", le "Butterflies", jaaka dipina tsa papatso go tswa mo porojekeng mo motshamekong o o atolositsweng wa leina le le tshwanang.[1] Tyla o ne a diragatsa medley ya "Metsi" le "Boammaaruri kgotsa Bopelokgale" mo makgaolakgannyeng a paka ya bo 24 ya The Voice ka Sedimonthole 19 2023.[2] Kwa Dikabong tsa Grammy tsa Ngwaga le Ngwaga tsa bo 66 ka Tlhakole 2024, Tyla o ne a gapa Kabo ya ntlha ya Grammy ya Tiragatso e e Gaisang ya Mmino wa Aforika ka "Water", gape a nna motaki yo mmotlana go gaisa botlhe wa Aforika go gapa Kabo ya Grammy.[3] Alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha e ne ya gololwa semmuso ka Fax le Epic Records ka 22 Mopitlwe 2024.[4] Bidio ya mmino e e neng e tsamaya le "Art" e ne ya gololwa mmogo le alebamo.[1] Tyla o ne a akgolwa thata ke batshwayadiphoso,[2] mme a fitlha kwa maemong a a kwa godimo a le masome a mabedi le botlhano mo ditšhateng tsa dialebamo kwa United States,[3] United Kingdom,[4] Netherlands,[5] Norway,[6] New Zealand,[7] le Switzerland.[8] Tyla o amogetse ditlhopho tse dintsi kwa Dikabong tsa Mmino tsa Metro FM tsa bo 18 mo Aforika Borwa, ka ditlhopho di le thataro.[9][10] O ne a tswelela go fenya dikabelo tse dintsi kwa Dikabong tsa BET tsa 2024, a bofa le Usher le Victoria Monét kwa Bobogelong jwa Peacock kwa Los Angeles, California, kwa a neng a dira tiragatso e e tshelang ya "Jump" lekgetlo la ntlha mmogo le Gunna le Skillibeng. Ka di 11 Diphalane 2024, Tyla o ne a golola kgatiso ya maemo a a kwa godimo ya alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha ya setudio e e nang le dipina tse dingwe tse tharo tse di akaretsang "Push 2 Start". Ka mmino, "Push 2 Start" ke pina ya pop-R&B ya amapiano e e tsentsweng reggae, e e neng ya amogelwa sentle mme bidio ya yone ya mmino e ne ya bontshiwa la ntlha mo YouTube ka 8 Ngwanaitseele 2024.[1][2][3][4] Tyla o ne a diragatsa kwa Pontshong ya Feshene ya Sephiri sa Victoria ya 2024.[5][6] Ka la 11 Ngwanatsele 2024, o ne a tlhagelela lekgetlo la ntlha kwa Dikabong tsa Mmino tsa MTV Yuropa (EMAs), a diragatsa dipina tsa gagwe tsa "Push 2 Start" le "Water".[7] Bosigo joo, o ne a gapa di-EMA di le tharo tsa 'Molao o o Gaisang wa Aforika', 'Motaki yo o Gaisang wa Afrobeats' le 'Motaki yo o Gaisang wa R&B'.[7] Ka la bo 5 le la bo 7 Sedimonthole 2024, Tyla o ne a tshwara dikhonsarata tse pedi kwa Aforika Borwa kwa a tsholetsweng teng, kwa Motsekapa le kwa Pretoria, ka go latelana, mme go ne ga okediwa ka letlha le lengwe kwa Pretoria la Ferikgong 18 2025.[8] Dipontsho tseno di ne tsa tla pele ga tshimologo ya Leeto la gagwe la Tyla ka 2025, le le neng le na le go tlhagelela mo meletlong go ralala dikgakologo le selemo sa 2025, mme dipontsho tse dingwe kwa Yuropa di ne di tla rulaganngwa sešwa morago ga gore Tyla a gobale.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keteyi |first=Oluthando |date=8 March 2024 |title=Tyla left heartbroken as injury forces her to cancel US tour and Coachella gig |url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/international/tyla-left-heartbroken-as-injury-forces-her-to-cancel-us-tour-and-coachella-gig-72829270-9da9-4440-9e6d-0304e93feff9 |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=[[Independent Online]]}}</ref> === 2025–gompieno: ''WWP'' le ''A*POP'' === [[File:Tyla_at_KCAs_2025_02.png|alt=Tyla, wearing a black T-shirt with "We Wanna Party" displayed across the front of it in gold letters, holding a microphone up to her mouth.|left|thumb| Tyla kwa Diawateng tsa Tlhopho ya Bana tsa 2025]] Tyla o ne a tlhagelela mo pineng ya "When ke na le wena" ke moopedi wa repe wa Thailand Lisa go tswa mo alebamong ya gagwe ya Alter Ego, e e neng ya gololwa ka la bo 28 Tlhakole 2025.[1] Ka di 18 Moranang 2025, go ne ga gololwa pina ya WizTheMc le Bees & Honey ya "Show Me Love" e e nang le Tyla.[2] Remix e ne ya tlhagisiwa la ntlha ka tlhamalalo kwa seteng ya gagwe ya Coachella 2025, kwa a neng a diragatsa gape pina ya gagwe e e tlang ya "Bliss" lekgetlo la ntlha.[3] Ka la 9 Motsheganong 2025, Tyla o ne a golola pina e le nngwe ya "Bliss",[4] mme a nna moamogedi wa Diawate tsa Tlhopho ya Bana tsa Nickelodeon kgwedi e e latelang.[5] Single ya bobedi, "Is It", e ne ya gololwa ka la bo 11 Phukwi.[6] O kwadile le go diragatsa pina ya "Sengwe le sengwe se tsamaya le Botala jwa loapi" ya pina ya modumo ya Smurfs, e e neng ya gololwa ka la bo 18 Phukwi 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Aaron |date=13 June 2025 |title=Tyla Shares 'Everything Goes with Blue' for the 'Smurfs' Soundtrack |url=https://uproxx.com/music/tyla-everything-goes-with-blue-smurfs |access-date=11 July 2025 |website=uproxx}}</ref> . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2026 |title=Cardi B Thanks Kehlani and Tyla For Surprise 'Little Miss Drama' Appearances |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/651607-cardi-b-thanks-kehlani-and-tyla-for-surprise-little-miss-drama-appearances |access-date=4 May 2026 |website=[[Geo News]] |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Tyla_performing_at_the_WNBA_All-Star_Game.png|alt=Tyla wearing a black and white striped outfit performing alongside three dancers who are knelt on the stage surrounding her.|thumb| Tyla o diragatsa kwa pontshong ya halofo ya Motshameko wa Dinaledi Tsotlhe wa WNBA ka Phukwi 2026]] Kwa Dikabong tsa Ngwaga le Ngwaga tsa Grammy tsa bo 68, Tyla o ne a gapa kabelo ya Tiragatso e e Gaisang ya Mmino wa Aforika ka pina ya gagwe ya "Push 2 Start".[1] O nnile motaki wa ntlha go fenya setlhopha seno gabedi, a kile a fenya ka 2024 mo "Water".[2] O fentse pele ga batlhophiwa ba ba akaretsang Ayra Starr, Burna Boy, Davido, le Eddy Kenzo.[3] Kwa moletlong, Tyla o ne a itsise ka alebamo ya gagwe ya bobedi e e tlang ya studio, A*Pop.[4] Ka di 17 Moranang 2026, pina ya bobedi go tswa mo A * Pop e e bidiwang "O E Diretse Gape", e e nang le seopedi-mokwadi wa dipina wa Sweden Zara Larsson, e ne ya gololwa.[5] E ne ya fitlha kwa maemong a bo 59 mo lenaaneng la dipina la US,[6] le kwa maemong a bobedi kwa Sweden.[7] Tyla moragonyana o ne a dirisana le Larsson mo go kopanyeng pina ya "Hot & Sexy" go tswa mo alebamong ya go kopanya ya motaki wa bofelo, Letsatsi la Bosigogare: Leeto la Basetsana (2026), e e neng ya gololwa ka la bo 1 Motsheganong.[8] Ka la 12 Seetebosigo, Tyla o ne a diragatsa "Game Time" mmogo le Future kwa moletlong wa pulo ya Sejana sa Lefatshe sa FIFA sa 2026 kwa United States,[9] le pina ya bosetšhaba ya Aforika Borwa pele ga motshameko wa pulo magareng ga Aforika Borwa le Mexico.[10] Ka di 8 tsa Phukwi, o ne a diragatsa kwa Moletlong wa Jazz wa Montreux.[11] Go gololwa ga A*Pop go ne ga latela ka la bo 24 Phukwi, go ne go na le tirisanommogo go tswa go Babalwa M, MaWhoo, Liquideep, le Larsson, mme go ne ga amogelwa ka kamogelo e e siameng ke batshwayadiphoso ba mmino.[12][13] Ka 25 Phukwi, Tyla o ne a diragatsa lenaane la dipina tse di akaretsang "Chanel" kwa pontshong ya nako ya go ikhutsa ya Motshameko wa WNBA All-Star. 3nx1eqk8xii3vuro1ashq1dh9xspbcf 0 11031 57001 42356 2026-11-02T14:22:23Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 57001 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tebogo Masire''' ke mothusa molaodi wa pele<ref>[http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-64977638.html "SADC Peacekeeping Cooperation Urged"]. [[:en:Xinhua_News_Agency|''Xinhua News Agency''.]] 2000-09-05. Retrieved 2007-08-01.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050201035330/http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20040414&i=BDF_chief_criticises_men_for_being_obstacles "BDF chief criticises men for being obstacles".] ''Botswana Press Agency''. [[:en:Republic_of_Botswana|The Government of Botswana.]] 2004-04-14. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20040414&i=BDF_chief_criticises_men_for_being_obstacles the original] on February 1, 2005. Retrieved 2007-08-01</ref>le molaodi wa pele wa [[:en:Botswana_Defence_Force|sesole sa Botswana]] (BDF). O ne a tsaya poso ka Ngwanatsele 1 2006, a tlhatlhamana le [[:en:Lieutenant_General|Lt. Gen]]. [[:en:Louis_Matshwenyego_Fisher|Louis Matshwenyego]] [[:en:Louis_Matshwenyego_Fisher|Fisher.]] <ref>[http://www.mmegi.bw/2006/October/Friday27/9976358941912.html "Masire appointed BDF commander".] ''[[:en:Mmegi|Mmegi]]''. 2006-10-27. Retrieved 2007-08-01</ref> Ka fa tlase ga taolo ya gagwe, ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo 2007, BDF e ne ya simolola go tlhapa basadi go tsenela tirelo ya bosole,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080906132549/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/IRIN/b9c41b3ba75a7527b1b3f2ea0e481b75.htm "BOTSWANA: Army rolls out carpet for women".] ''[[:en:Reuters_AlertNet|Reuters AlertNet]]''. 2006-11-22. Retrieved 2007-08-01</ref>e fa Masire a gateletse gore batho ba ba thapilweng ba basadi ga bana go tsewa jaaka matsopa.<ref>Piet, Bame (2006-11-07). [http://www.mmegi.bw/2006/November/Tuesday7/4379671891231.html "No special treatment for female soldiers - Masire"]. ''[[:en:Mmegi|Mmegi]]''. Retrieved 2007-08-01.</ref> == Metswedi == bbph3n8odbkrps0tz40dm4etx2ylh65 0 12408 56997 48695 2026-11-02T14:06:28Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 56997 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Souhir Ben Amara 3.jpg|thumb]] '''Souhir Ben Amara''' (O tshotswe ka 27 Ngwanatsele 1985) ke motshamekiwa difilimi wa kwa [[Tunisia|Tunisia]]. == Kitso ka gagwe == E re ka e ne e le morwadia morongwa, o ne a nna kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris Paris] go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le thataro pele a fudugela kwa Tunisia. E re ka a ne a rata botaki go tloga fa a sa le mosha, fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le borataro, o ne a swetsa go dira botaki tiro ya gagwe. Rraagwe Ben Amara o ne a lwala fa a ne a le kwa sekolong se segolwane, mme o ne a bona dikirii ya gagwe ya baccalaureate ka tlotlo. O ne a tsaya ngwaga o a neng a sa o dira, go tswa foo a ya go ithuta kwa Higher Institute of Multimedia Arts kwa La Manouba, koo a neng a amogela diploma ya tsa thelebishene le tsa ditshwantsho. Le fa e le motsamaisi ka katiso, Ben Amara o ne a tsepamisitse mogopolo mo go tshamekeng ka dinao fa e sale porojeke ya gagwe ya maemo a a kwa godimo. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130518072406/http://www.tunivisions.net/42783/564/548/souhir-ben-amara-album-photos.html ^{[1<nowiki>]</nowiki>}] O simolotse tiro ya gagwe mo thelebišeneng ka motseletsele wa Maktoub le Choufli Hal ka 2008. O ne a tshameka jaaka Maliha mo Min Ayam Mliha ka 2010. Ben Amara o ne a simolola go tshameka mo filiming ya [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Always_Brando Always Brando] (2011), e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke Ridha Béhi. O ne a tshameka karolo ya tshwantshetso ya ga Zena mme o ne a thapiwa ka motsotso wa bofelo fa motsamaisi a ne a sa rate motshameki yo o tlhophilweng go tshameka karolo eo. Ka 2012, Ben Amara o ne a tshameka Aicha mo Millefeuille, e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouri_Bouzid Nouri Bouzid], a bua ka dikgang tse di amanang le hijab.[https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2013/06/04/millefeuille-le-voile-sans-trop-de-debat_3422853_3246.html ^{[ 2<nowiki>]</nowiki>}] Ka 2013, o ne a tshameka karolo ya Donia mo miniseries ya Yawmiyat Imraa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201112195838/https://tn24.tn/ar/article/souhir-ben-amara-la-femme-et-l-actrice-se-livre-au-huffpost-tunisie-8283 ^{[3<nowiki>]</nowiki>}] Ka 2019, Ben Amara o ne a tshameka mo terameng ya hisitori ya [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdoms_of_Fire The Kingdoms of Fire]. O ne a na le seabe se segolo mo filiming ya Sortilège (2019), e e neng e kaelwa ke Ala Eddine Slim. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231209045604/https://culture.tv5monde.com/cinema/l-invite/ala-eddine-slim-souhir-ben-amara-presentent-sortilege-un-voyage-hypnotique-au-coeur ^{[ 5<nowiki>]</nowiki>}] O ne a kgatlhwa ke mokwalo wa yone, mme motho yo a mo tshamekang o kopana le lesole morago ga go tswa mo sekgweng. Filimi e ne ya tlhagisiwa kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival Cannes Film Festival], mme o ne a bitsa filimi eo a re ke cinema of perception.[https://web.archive.org/web/20211019043033/https://femmesdetunisie.com/femme-du-mois-souhir-ben-amara-je-suis-realisatrice-de-formation-mais-lactrice-en-moi-sest-imposee-delle-meme/ ^{[ 6<nowiki>]</nowiki>}] Ben Amara o ne a tshegetsa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Spring Arab Spring] mme a nna le seabe mo ditiragalong, mme o utlwa botlhoko gore boradipolotiki ba utswile thato ya batho.[https://www.elle.fr/Societe/Interviews/Souhir-Ben-Amara-Les-politiques-ont-vole-le-reve-des-Tunisiens-2458117 ^{[ 7<nowiki>]</nowiki>}] O boletse gore karolo ya gagwe e e siameng e ka nna ya motho wa bong bo sele.[https://web.archive.org/web/20130518072406/http://www.tunivisions.net/42783/564/548/souhir-ben-amara-album-photos.html ^{[ 1<nowiki>]</nowiki>}] == Metswedi == [https://web.archive.org/web/20130518072406/http://www.tunivisions.net/42783/564/548/souhir-ben-amara-album-photos.html [1<nowiki>]</nowiki> "Souhir Ben Amara (album photos)"]. Tunivisions (in French). 12 April 2013. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2020. [2] Luciani, Noémie (4 June 2013). [https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2013/06/04/millefeuille-le-voile-sans-trop-de-debat_3422853_3246.html ""Millefeuille" : le voile, sans trop de débat"]. Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 11 November 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201112195838/https://tn24.tn/ar/article/souhir-ben-amara-la-femme-et-l-actrice-se-livre-au-huffpost-tunisie-8283 [3<nowiki>]</nowiki> "Souhir Ben Amara: La femme et l'actrice se livre au HuffPost Tunisie]". TN24 (in French). 20 August 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2020. [http://kapitalis.com/tunisie/2019/02/13/le-feuilleton-kingdoms-of-fire-en-tournage-en-tunisie/ [4<nowiki>]</nowiki> "Le feuilleton "Kingdoms of fire" en tournage en Tunisie"]. Kapitalis (in French). 13 February 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231209045604/https://culture.tv5monde.com/cinema/l-invite/ala-eddine-slim-souhir-ben-amara-presentent-sortilege-un-voyage-hypnotique-au-coeur [5<nowiki>]</nowiki> "Ala Eddine Slim, Souhir Ben Amara présentent " Sortilège " : un voyage hypnotique au coeur du désert tunisien]". TV5Monde (in French). 15 February 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020. [6] Kheder, Raouia (22 November 2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20211019043033/https://femmesdetunisie.com/femme-du-mois-souhir-ben-amara-je-suis-realisatrice-de-formation-mais-lactrice-en-moi-sest-imposee-delle-meme/ "Femme du mois: Souhir Ben Amara : " Je suis réalisatrice de formation, mais l'actrice en moi s'est imposée d'elle-même""]. Femmes de Tunisie (in French). Retrieved 11 November 2020. [https://www.elle.fr/Societe/Interviews/Souhir-Ben-Amara-Les-politiques-ont-vole-le-reve-des-Tunisiens-2458117 [7<nowiki>]</nowiki> "Souhir Ben Amara : " Les politiques ont volé le rêve des Tunisiens "]". Elle (in French). Retrieved 11 November 2020. lxm369devfk6p8k3eyvrm8cywtpe1v2 0 12426 56995 46181 2026-11-02T13:55:30Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 56995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Sizakele Nkosi-Malobane|honorific-suffix=Mopalamente|birth_place=[[Diepkloof]] [[Soweto]] [[Aforika Borwa]]|party=[[African National Congress]]|office=Mopalamente wa kgaolo ya [[Gauteng]]|term_start=2009|office1=Mokhanselara wa pabalesego ya setshaba wa kwa [[Gauteng]]|term_start1=Motsheganong 2014|term_end1=Motsheganong 2019|premier1=[[David Makhura]]|predecessor1=[[Faith Mazibuko]]|successor1=[[Faith Mazibuko]]}} '''Sizakele Emelda Nkosi-Malobane''' ke mopolotiki wa kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] oo berekang e le modulasetilo wa dikomiti kwa palamenteng ya kgaolo ya [[Gauteng]] fa e sale ka 2019. Pele e ne e le mokhanselara wa Gauteng wa pabalesego ya setshaba go tswa ka 2014 go tsena 2019, o emetse [[African National Congress]] (ANC) kwa palamenteng ya kgaolo fa e sale ka 2009.<ref>GPLegislature (18 February 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20251117131751/https://www.gpl.gov.za/chairofchairs-profile/ "Chairperson of Committees Sizakele Nkosi-Malobane | Gauteng Provincial Legislature".] Retrieved 05 December 2025</ref> Nkosi-Malobane o tsholetswe kwa [[Diepkloof]] kwa [[Soweto]], o ne a le matlhagatlhaga mo bokopanong jwa baithuti ba Aforika Borwa ka nako ya puso ya tlhaolele.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20251117131751/https://www.gpl.gov.za/chairofchairs-profile/ "Chairperson of Committees Sizakele Nkosi-Malobane".] ''Gauteng Provincial Legislature''. 18 February 2020. Retrieved 05 December 2025</ref> Pele e ne e le mokhanselara wa mo gae le leloko la komiti ya mmatoropo/rratoropo kwa toropokgolo [[Johannesburg]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/the-new-gauteng-cabinet--david-makhura The new Gauteng cabinet – David Makhura]". ''Politicsweb''. 24 May 2014. Retrieved 05 December 2025</ref> O tlhophilwe go ya palamenteng ya [[Gauteng]] lantlha ka 2009.<ref name=":0" /> O ne a tlhophiwa gape mo mannong ao mo ditlhophong tsa 2014, a le mo maemong a masome mabedi le motso mo lenaaneng la ANC,<ref name=":2">[https://www.pa.org.za/person/sizakele-nkosi-malobane/ "Sizakele Malobane".] ''People's Assembly''. Retrieved 05 December 2025</ref> le ka Motsheganong 2014 o ne a thapiwa mo khanseleng ya Gauteng a bereka ka fa tlase ga ga [[David Makhura]], o e neng e le moeteledipele o a neng a sa tswa go tlhophiwa wa Gauteng.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/media-release-appointment-members-executive-council-gauteng-provincial "Media release on the appointment of the members of the Executive Council of the Gauteng Provincial Government by Premier David Makhura".] ''South African Government''. 23 May 2014. Retrieved 05 December 2025</ref> E ne e le mokhanselara wa pabalesego ya setshaba go fitlhelela ka dilthopho tse di latelang tsa 2019, fa a tswelela mo maemong ao a le mo maemong a masome mararo le botlhano mo lenaaneng la ANC,<ref name=":2" /> mme a tlhatlhamiwa ke [[Faith Mazibuko]] mo maemong a mokhanselara.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/just-in-these-are-gautengs-new-mecs-20190529 "These are Gauteng's new MECs".] ''News24''. 29 May 2019. Retrieved 05 December 2025</ref> Morago ga ditlhopho tsa 2019, ANC e ne ya itsise fa e tlaa tlhopha Nkosi-Malobane go bereka e le modulasetilo wa dikomiti mo palamenteng ya kgaolo ka setlha sa 2019 go tsena 2024.<ref>[https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-05-22-ancs-ntombi-mekgwe-put-forward-as-gauteng-legislature-speaker-as-members-are-sworn-in/ "ANC's Ntombi Mekgwe put forward as Gauteng legislature speaker as members are sworn-in".] ''Sowetan''. 22 May 2019. Retrieved 05 December 2025</ref> == Metswedi == na1g208b6hk0yjisx9ej88rx8wrnz81 0 13079 57010 56919 2026-11-03T11:17:13Z Dinitrify 12092 /* */ 57010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Montero Nong | birth_name = Choene Tshiamo Nong | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2008|12|01|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Polokwane|Polokwane, Limpopo]], South Africa | other_names = It boy | education = | occupation = {{hlist |Entrepreneur|model|influencer|philanthropist}} | years_active = 2025–present }} '''Choene Tshiamo Nong''' (yo o tshotsweng ka la 1 Sedimonthole 2008), yo o itsiweng ka leina la gagwe la botswerere e le '''Montero Nong''', ke rakgwebo wa [[Aforika Borwa]], mmotlelari, le motsayakarolo mo botleng wa mosimane. O belegwe kwa [[Polokwane]], [[Kgaolo ya Limpopo|Limpopo]], Aforika Borwa. O simolotse kgwebo ya gagwe ya botle e e bidiwang Nong Cosmetics ka ngwaga wa 2025, a tlhotlheleditswe ke bagolo mo indastering jaaka Kylie Jenner, Hailey Bieber, James Charles le Patrick Ta. O itsege ka tiro ya gagwe ya go rotloetsa basha mo ditšhabeng mme o ipolela ka boikgantsho gore ke pansexual.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathebula |first=Floyd |date=2025-11-30 |title=Thembisa teen entrepreneur builds dreams with beauty brand and community spirit |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/kempton-express/news-headlines/local-news/2025/11/30/nong-shares-what-is-like-to-relocate-to-thembisa/ |access-date=2026-04-16|website=Kempton Express |language=}}</ref> O ne a tlhoma mmogo le ditsala tsa gagwe mokgatlho o o bidiwang Kind Roots Initiative, gape a tsenela kgaisano ya AECI #Future Leaders Competition kwa bokhutlong jwa 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathebula |first=Floyd |date=2025-11-08 |title=Bokamoso learners drive change through Kind Roots Initiative |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/kempton-express/news-headlines/local-school-news/2025/11/08/bokamoso-learners-lead-the-way-in-community-care/ |access-date=2026-04-16|website=Kempton Express |language=}}</ref> O ne a sotliwa ke batsadi ba gagwe ka bobedi mme a fitlhelwa a na le Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) le bolwetse jwa go ja (eating disorder). Ka 2026 o fetotse maemedi a gagwe go he/they. Ka Phalane 2026, Nong o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Moemedi wa Hype wa AGEC (AGEC Hype Ambassador) ke ba Allan Gray Entrepreneurship Challenge. == Ditshupo == qmlj0l2nzoe11omksjao2l7var57ayy 0 13090 56998 49322 2026-11-02T14:12:37Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 56998 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Steven Chigorimbo''' (o belegwe ka 5 Moranang 1951) ke motshameki, motlhami le motsamaisi wa kwa Zimbabwe. O na le dikeretiti mo difiliming tsa boditšhabatšhaba jaaka Slavers, The Lost City of Gold, [[King Solomon's Mine]],<ref>"KING SOLOMON'S MINES | [https://web.archive.org/web/20260308232251/http://www.colonialfilm.org.uk/node/1893 colonialfilm". www.colonialfilm.org.uk.] Retrieved 2021-03-31</ref> Jake Speed,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130606150140/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/79661/Jake-Speed/ "Jake Speed"]. Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on June 6, 2013. Retrieved 2021-03-31.</ref> [[Incident at Victoria Falls]],<ref>[https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php/Incident_at_Victoria_Falls "Incident at Victoria Falls - The Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia".] www.arthur-conan-doyle.com. Retrieved 2021-03-31</ref>Quartermaine le [[Cry Freedom]] <ref>[[imdbname:0157371|"Stephen Chigorimbo"]]. IMDb. Retrieved 2021-03-31</ref> <ref>[https://nehandaradio.com/2016/11/18/chigorimbo-recalls-denzel-washingtons-stay-zimbabwe/ "Chigorimbo recalls Denzel Washington's stay in Zimbabwe"]. Nehanda Radio. 2016-11-18. Retrieved 2021-03-31.</ref>Kwa [[Zimbabwe]], o itsege thata ka seabe sa gagwe mo thelebisheneng ya sesepa ya nako e telele, Studio 263, eo gape a neng a le motlhami wa yone. == Botshelo jwa pele == Chigorimbo o goletse kwa Highfield Township, e e tsewang e le legae la bosetšhaba mo Zimbabwe. Bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa go nna motshameki bo ne jwa godisiwa mo metshamekong ya sekolo le ya kereke go fitlha a atlega fa a ne a le mo dingwageng tsa bo20. O ne a nyalwa a bo a tlhalwa gararo. O na le bana ba le lesome le bone. <ref>[https://www.heraldonline.co.zw/sundaynews/14-kids-3-divorces-still-searching/ "14 kids, 3 divorces & still searching!"]. The Sunday News. Retrieved 2021-03-31</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe == Mo tirong ya gagwe , e e simolotseng ka dingwaga tsa bo1970, Chigorimbo o ne a tsewa jaaka mongwe wa batlhami ba ba tumileng ba Zimbabwe.<ref>newsday.co.zw (2021-02-16). [https://www.newsday.co.zw/2021/02/actor-chigorimbo-gets-pan-african-award "Actor Chigorimbo gets Pan-African award"]. NewsDay Zimbabwe. Retrieved 2021-03-31.</ref> O tsere karolo mo diporojekeng tse di fetang lekgolo tsa difilimi<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190327224458/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bb22e2781 "Steve Chigorimbo".] BFI. Archived from [https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bb22e2781 the original] on March 27, 2019. Retrieved 2021-03-31.</ref> tse di akaretsang difilimi tse dikhutshwane le tsa metshameko, gammogo le diterama tsa sesepa.<ref>[https://www.sunsonline.org/trade/process/followup/1999/01270699.htm "Zimbabwe: Film producers seek foreign funding".] www.sunsonline.org. Retrieved 2021-03-31.</ref><ref>[http://www.ipsnews.net/1999/01/cinema-zimbabwe-film-producers-seek-foreign-funding/ "CINEMA-ZIMBABWE: Film Producers Seek Foreign Funding"]. Inter Press Service. 1999-01-26. Retrieved 2021-03-31</ref>Ka 2006, Zimbabwe International Film Festival Trust e ne ya neela Chigorimbo sekgele sa tirelo mo lephateng la difilimi ya naga eo. <ref>[http://www.archive.kubatana.net/html/archive/artcul/060911ziff.asp?sector=ARTCUL&year=2006&range_start=31 "Kubatana - Archive - Zimbabwe International Film Festival Trust 2006 award winners - ZIFFT- Sept 11, 2006"]. www.archive.kubatana.net. Retrieved 2021-03-31</ref>Ka maitemogelo a gagwe a magolo, Chigorimbo o ntse a lwela gore go nne le madirelo a difilimi a a nonofileng mo lefelong leo.<ref>[https://www.thezimbabwean.co/2010/09/think-tank-plans-revival-of-film-industry/ "Think-tank plans revival of film industry"]. The Zimbabwean. 2010-09-07. Retrieved 2021-03-31</ref> == Metswedi == [[Category:Batho ba ba tshelang]] nmj8amugbcoq3p3qmw2rver4iewwcr4 0 14299 57004 53480 2026-11-02T15:01:48Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 57004 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tshenyetso Setshaba mo Botswana''' gantsi e tsewa e le nngwe ya tse di kwa tlase mo [[Aferika|Aforika]] . Le fa go ntse jalo,tshenyetso sechaba ga e a fedisiwa mme e santse e bonala mo makalaneng a a farologaneng a puso le ka mefuta e farologaneng. Le ntswa maieko a go lwantsha tshenyetso setshaba mo Botswana a le teng, e simolotse go ya magoletsa. Mefuta e e tlwaelesegileng thata ya tshenyetso setshaba ke go ja ka losika kgotsa go tshegetsana . == Seelo == Tshupane ya Dikakanyo tsa tshenyetso sechaba ya ngwaga a dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025) ya [[Transparency International]] e neetse Botswana maduo a le masome a matlhano le borobabobedi mo sekaleng go tsweng go 0 ("tshenyetso sechaba ye kwa godimo thata") go ya lekgolong ("phepa thata"). Fa go rulagangwa go ya ka maduo, Botswana e ne e le mo maemong a bo masome a mane la bongwe mo mafatsheng a le lekgolo a masome a robabobedi le bobedi mo tshupaneng kwa fa lefatshe le leng mo maemong a ntlha le tsewang le na le lekalaneng la puso le le ikanyegang go gaisa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2025 |title=The ABCs of the CPI: How the Corruption Perceptions Index is calculated |url=https://www.transparency.org/en/news/how-cpi-scores-are-calculated |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=Transparency.org |language=en}}</ref> Fa go bapisiwa le maduo a kgaolo, maduo a a gaisang go feta mo mafatsheng a tsa Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara [ Ela tlhoko 1 ] e ne e le masome a marataro le borobabobedi, palogare e ne e le masome a mararo le bobedi mme e e maswe go gaisa e ne e le 9. <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- not stated --> |date=10 February 2026 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2025: Public sector corruption sees Sub-Saharan Africa face the highest corruption levels globally |url=https://www.transparency.org/en/press/corruption-perceptions-index-2025-public-sector-corruption-sub-saharan-africa-face-highest-corruption-levels-globally |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=Transparency.org |language=en}}</ref> Fa go bapisiwa le maduo a lefatshe ka bophara, maduo a a gaisang e ne e le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (a a beilweng mo maemong a 1), palogare ya worst e ne e le 42,-10. bofa). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2025: Botswana |url=https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2025/index/bwa |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=Transparency.org |language=en}}</ref> Lekwalo la [[Business Anti-Corruption Portal]], le ne la baya Botswana mo maemong a a magareng mabapi le selekanyo sa tshenyetso setshaba se se bonwang mo lefatsheng leno. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Botswana Corruption Report |url=https://www.ganintegrity.com/portal/country-profiles/botswana/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123004230/https://www.ganintegrity.com/portal/country-profiles/botswana/ |archive-date=2019-11-23 |access-date=2019-12-15 |website=GAN Integrity |language=en-US}}</ref> Kgoro ya Kgwebo e e Kgatlhanong le tshenyetso sechaba e ne ya tswelela pele, e bolela gore makala a le mantsi a puso, a a jaaka ditirelo tsa Boatlhodi, Sepodisi, [[Dipolotiki tsa Botswana|Peomolao]], ditirelo tsa Setšhaba, Tsamaiso ya Lekgetho le Theko ya Setšhaba otlhe a bona dikotsi tse di farologaneng tsa bonweenwee. <ref name=":0" /> Mo Pegelong ya Kgaisano ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019) Botswana e mo maemong a bo 113/141 mo tirong ya lekala la puso mme e mo maemong a bo 32/141 mo go nneng mo Ponatshegelong. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Competitiveness Report |url=https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2019.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730051309/https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2019.pdf |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=13 July 2024 |publisher=[[World Economic Forum]] |page=107}}</ref> Mo Pegelong ya Kgaisano ya Lefatshe e e dirilweng ka dingwaga tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso(2011) le ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012), go begilwe fa bonweenwee mo Botswana e le nngwe ya dilo tse di nang le mathata thata fa go tla mo go direng kgwebo mo lefatsheng leno. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Badham-Jones |first=Michael |date=27 November 2014 |title=Overview of Corruption and Anti-Corruption in Botswana |url=https://www.transparency.org/files/content/corruptionqas/Country_Profile_Botswana_2014.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718210209/https://www.transparency.org/files/content/corruptionqas/Country_Profile_Botswana_2014.pdf |archive-date=2020-07-18 |access-date=2019-12-15 |website=Transparency International}}</ref> Tshenyetso sechaba e ile jwa oketsega go tsweng mo dingwageng tse di fetileng, jaaka patlisiso e e dirilweng ke Transparency International le Afrobarometer ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015) e tlhalositse fa 1% ya baagi ba Botswana ba duetse pipamolomo mo dikgweding di le lesome le bobedi tse di fetileng mo tirelong ya puso, mme ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), e ne ya oketsega go nna 7%. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Results - Africa (Botswana) |url=https://www.transparency.org/en/gcb/africa/africa-2019/results/bwa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629173341/https://www.transparency.org/en/gcb/africa/africa-2019/results/bwa |archive-date=2024-06-29 |access-date=2024-07-13 |website= |publisher=[[Transparency International]] |language=en |edition=10th}}</ref> Patlisiso e ne ya tlhalosa gape gore 39% ya baagi ba Botswana ba akanya gore batho ba ba mo mapodising ba na le seabe mo bobodu, go fokotsega go tswa go 54% ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano(2015). 39% ya baagi ba Botswana ba akanya gore badiredi ba puso ba na le seabe mo bobodu, koketsego go tswa go 29% ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), le 28% ya baagi ba Botswana ba akanya gore maloko a palamente a na le seabe mo bobodu, koketsego go tswa go 28% ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015).<ref name=":1">[https://www.transparency.org/en/gcb/africa/africa-2019/results/bwa "Results - Africa (Botswana)"] (10th&#x20;ed.). Transparency International. 2019. Archived from the original on 29 June 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), 52% ya baagi ba Botswana ba boletse fa bonweenwee bo oketsegile mo morafeng wa bone, 20% ba re bo fokotsegile, 17% ba re bo ntse bo tshwana, mme 11% ga ba a araba; fa mo patlisisong ya 2015, 51% ya baagi ba rile tshenyetso sechaba bo oketsegile, 24% ba re bo fokotsegile, 14% ba re bo ntse bo tshwana mme 11% ga ba a araba.<ref name=":1" /> === Mefuta ya tshenyetso setshaba === Tshenyetso sechaba kwa Botswana bo dirisiwa thata ke batho ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba puso. Batho bano ke bone ba ba dirisitseng maatla a bone go dira gore go nne le mekgatlho e e dirisanang le batho ba bangwe mme ba dira gore dikgatlhego tsa puso le tsa batho ba bangwe di se ka tsa utlwana. Go thata go lwantsha mofuta ono wa tlolomolao. E tseneletse thata mo pusong ya lefatshe le mo madirelong a poraefete, mme setlhopha se sennye se se solegelwang molemo ke Tshenyetso sechaba jono se ka dirisa maatla a sone go tlhomamisa gore bo tswelela pele. <ref name=":3" /> Gape Botswana e tlhasetswe ke tshenyetso sechaba jo bo sa reng sepe le jo bo dirwang ke balaodi. Le fa go ntse jalo, mofuta o wa bobodu ga o bonwe gantsi mme o tsewa o le kwa tlase. <ref name=":3" />Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le leosme le borataro (2016), [[Lephata la Thuto le Tlhabololo]] ya Bokgoni le ne la dirisa pula e le dimilione di le makgolo a marataro kwa ntle ga tumelelo ya Palamente, mme la tsenya lekala la thuto la Botswana mo kotsing ya madi.<ref>Masokola, Alfred. [https://www.weekendpost.co.bw/21627/news/p600-million-goes-missing-at-education-ministry/ "P600 million goes missing at Education Ministry".] ''WeekendPost''. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</ref> == Maiteko a go lwantsha Tshenyetso sechaba == Tshenyetso sechaba mo Botswana bo batlisisiwa thata ke [[Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crimes]] (DCEC). Ke ka ntlha ya Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crimes go bo Botswana e kgona go nna e le kwa tlase mo seelong sa Tshenyetso sechaba. Se ke ka ntlha ya seelo se se kwa godimo sa go sekisiwa ga batho se Lefapha la Tshenyetso sechaba le Bosenyi jwa Ikonomi le kgonang go se fitlhelela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110421032241/http://www.state.gov/e/eeb/rls/othr/ics/2011/157825.htm "2011 Investment Climated Statement - Botswana".] U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 21 April 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.</ref>Go thusa go lwantsha bobodu, Botswana gape ke leloko la Eastern le Southern Anti-Money Laundering Group.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110421032241/http://www.state.gov/e/eeb/rls/othr/ics/2011/157825.htm "Botswana".] 21 April 2011. Archived from the original on 21 April 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2019.</ref> [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], [[Tautona wa Botswana]] go simolola ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), le ene o nnile le seabe mo go lwantsheng bobodu mo nageng ya gagwe. Kwa bokopanong jwa kgaolo e e neng e lebagane le go lwantsha Tshenyetso sechaba mo kontinenteng ya Afrika, Rre Masisi o ne a neela puo e le moeng wa tlotlo, koo a neng a kopa dipuso go diragatsa dipholisi tsa go lwantsha Tshenyetso sechaba. Maitsholo a a ntseng jalo a tla tlhoka gore go nne le dithulaganyo tsa ka fa gare tsa go boloka diakhaonto le go tlhatlhoba diakhaonto, ditheo tse di nonofileng tse di lwantshang Tshenyetso sechabagore di kgone go nna le taolo, mmogo le molao le thulaganyo e e siameng. Masisi o tlhalositse gape mekgwa e e farologaneng e naga ya gagwe e e tsereng go lwantsha bobodu, e e akaretsang go tlhamiwa ga kgotlatshekelo e e kgethegileng fela ka ditiro tsa bosenyi tsa bobodu, le ditiro tse di farologaneng tsa semolao, jaaka Molao wa [[Whistle Blower]] le Molao wa Ditseno le Didiriswa tsa Bosenyi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220811120507/https://archive.uneca.org/stories/botswana-shining-beacon-hope-fight-against-corruption-africa "Botswana is a shining beacon of hope in the fight against corruption in Africa | United Nations Economic Commission for Africa".] ''archive.uneca.org''. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.</ref> Fa go tla mo dithulaganyong tse dingwe tsa semolao le melao e e fetisitsweng go lwantsha Tshenyetso sechaba mo nageng, e e itsegeng thata ke Molao wa Tshenyetso sechaba le wa Bosenyi jwa Ikonomi wa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone (1994). Molao ono o tlhodile Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crimes (DCEC), e e eteletseng pele maiteko a go lwantsha bobodu kwa Botswana, mme e neetse Directorate dithata tsa yone. Molao wa Tshenyetso sechaba le Bokebekwa jwa Ikonomi gape o na le dithata tse dingwe, jaaka go thibela go kopa, go amogela le go amogela tuelo ka maikaelelo a go tsietsa modiredipuso. Dithata tse dingwe tsa CECA di akaretsa tshireletso ya baitseanape ba le bantsi. <ref name=":3" /> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Dipolotiki tsa Botswana]] [[Karolo:Puso ya Botswana]] scayo67klv2vsx36tc78idvvyimis6f 0 15453 56999 56141 2026-11-02T14:16:26Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 56999 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Thanodi ya temepedi''' ke puka ya thaloso-foko (lekganyane) ya Setswana le Seelemente (Setswana-English bilingual dictionary) e e gatisitweng ke Units ya Bosetšhaba ya Tlhamo ya Dikafoko ya Afrika Borwa (SANLU).'' ''Hisitori le thutafoko ya Setswana go tlhaloganya mosola wa '''Thanodi ya Temepedi,''' go tlhokega go lebelela nalane ya go kwalwa ga dithaloso-foko tsa Setswana mo Aforika Borwa le mo Botswana. Ditirong tsa bogologolo, thaloso-foko e kgolo e ne e le ya ga Matumo (1993) e e neng e tokafatsa puka ya ga Brown ya 1925 (Setswana–English–Setswana Dictionary), mme morago ga moo ga tla puka ya ga Kgasa le Tsonope ya 1998 (Thanodi ya Setswana) e e neng e le thaloso-foko ya puo e le nngwe (monolingual).<ref name="SEFALA_Bio" />'' ''Ka ngwaga wa 2008, lephata la SEFALA le ne la gatisa puka e nngwe e kgolo ya ditsebe tse 600 e e bidiwang '''Thanodi ya Setswana''', e le yona e neng e rulagantswe ke Morulaganyi-mogolo G.B. Mareme.<ref name="SANLU_FB" /> Kgatiso ya '''Thanodi ya Temepedi''' ya 2015 e tlile e le tharabololo ya go kgaoganya puo ka mekgwa e e farologaneng, gore baithuti ba kgone go ranola mafoko ka nako e le nngwe magareng ga Setswana le Seelemente, go farologana le dintlha tsa puka ya 2008 e e neng e remeletse mo Setswaneng fela.<ref name="SEFALA_Bio" />'' == ''Mokgwa wa kgetho ya mafoko'' == ''Thaloso-foko eno e dirisa kgetho ya mafoko e e lebeletseng thuto ya mefuta e le mebedi (dual-medium education). Mo go kgetheng mafoko, batlhami ba puka ba ne ba se ka ba lebelela fela Setswana sa setso se se tsenyeletseng, mme ba ne ba tsenya le "mafoko a a thulameng" a sešweng (neologisms) a a amanang le maranyane (technology) le dipalo. Mre. G.B. Mareme o itsege thata ka go bo a kwadile gape le dithaloso-foko tse di kgethegileng jaaka English-Setswana Maths & Natural Science Dictionary le Foundation Phase Picture Dictionary, mme kitso e e tswang mo dipukeng tseo e ile ya tshegetsa go tlhamiwa ga dintlha tsa maranyane mo go Thanodi ya Temepedi.<ref name="SEFALA_Bio" />'' == ''Kamogelo le tshegetso'' == ''Mo hisitoring ya yona, puka eno e kile ya tlhagelela mo dithulaganyong tsa mmaraka wa dibuka tsa [Van Schaik Bookstore](https://web.archive.org/web/20261002141957/https://www.vanschaik.com/products/thanodi-ya-temepedi-setswana-english-setswana-bilingual-dictionary-9780992235345 "Van Schaik Catalog") le [Bob Shop](https://www.bobshop.co.za/thanodi-ya-temepedi-setswana-english-saheritage/p/632630556 "Bob Shop Listing") mo Aforika Borwa, e le puka e e ratiwang ke batsadi ka gonne ga e na boima jo bo feteletseng (e ka nna 500 gr fela) mme e kgaotse ditlhoko tsa baithuti ba dikolo mo mephatong e e farologaneng.''<ref name="SANLU_FB" /> <references responsive /><ref>* {{cite book |date=2015 |title=Thanodi ya Temepedi Setswana–English Bilingual Dictionary |url=https://sanlu.africa |publisher=[[South African National Lexicography Units]] (SANLU) |isbn=978-0992235345 |editor-last=Mareme |editor-first=G. B. |access-date=2 October 2026}} * {{cite web |date=15 January 2015 |title=Thanodi ya Temepedi Setswana-English Bilingual Dictionary (2015) |url=https://facebook.com |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=Facebook |publisher=SANLU Africa}} * {{cite web |title=Special Acknowledgements: SEFALA |url=https://snlu.co.za |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=snlu.co.za |publisher=South African National Lexicography Units}} * {{cite web |title=Thanodi ya Temepedi Setswana-English Setwana Bilingual Dictionary |url=https://vanschaik.com |access-date=2 October 2026 |website=vanschaik.com |publisher=Van Schaik Bookstore}}</ref> 2y83w44cfa0bkbokspu3mgiepjfvmtw 0 15628 57007 56858 2026-11-02T16:17:21Z CommonsDelinker 71 Removing [[:c:File:IMF_Annual_Meeting_2017_Washington.jpg|IMF_Annual_Meeting_2017_Washington.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Wdwd|Wdwd]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:IMF Annual Meeting 2017 Washington.jpg|]]. 57007 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rapelang Rabana''' (yo o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1983 ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e tlhola malatsi a matlhano) ke rasaense wa dikhomphiutha, mma kgwebo, le sebui sa konokono. Gompieno ke {{Infobox person|image=|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1983|11|05}}|birth_place=[[Gaborone, Botswana]]|education=[[University of Cape Town]] (BS, MS)|occupation={{hlist | Computer Scientist | Entrepreneur | Businesswoman}}|employer=Imagine Worldwide}} mookamedi-mmogo wa [https://www.imagineworldwide.org/ Imagine Worldwide], e leng mokgatlho o e seng wa puso wa maranyane a thuto o o tlamelang ka thuto ya go bala le go kwala le dipalo mo mafatsheng a a malwa a Aforika a a kwa Borwa jwa Sahara . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Imagine Worldwide - The Future of Learning |url=https://www.imagineworldwide.org/ |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=Imagine Worldwide |language=en-US}}</ref> Pele ga a tsenelela Imagine Worldwide, Rapelang e ne e le modiri le mookamedi wa Rekindle Learning, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rekindle Learning {{!}} micro-learning for sales, compliance, digital skills |url=https://rekindlelearning.com/ |access-date=2020-01-20 |website=Rekindle Learning |language=en}}</ref> kompone ya maranyane ya go ithuta; mme mo nakong e e fetileng e ne e le motlhami-mmogo wa [[Yeigo Communications]], motlamedi wa ditirelo tsa ntlha tsa mogala wa letheka tsa VoIP tsa mahala tsa [[Aforika Borwa|Aforika borwa]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Tom |date=April 1, 2015 |title=Rekindle Learning aims to be at centre of African education in 10 years |url=http://disrupt-africa.com/2015/04/rekindle-learning-aims-to-be-at-centre-of-african-education-in-10-years/ |access-date=July 4, 2015 |website=Disrupt-africa.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Palet |first=Laura Secorun |date=14 May 2014 |title=A Plan to Turn Africa's Mobile Phones Into Classrooms |url=http://www.ozy.com/rising-stars/rapelang-rabana-african-tech-trailblazer/31366 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114172215/http://www.ozy.com/rising-stars/rapelang-rabana-african-tech-trailblazer/31366 |archive-date=14 November 2016 |access-date=25 November 2016 |website=ozy.com}}</ref> O tlhagisitswe mo letlhareng la ntlha la buka ya ''ForbesAfrica'', a lemogiwa e le mogodisi wa di kompone wa senatla, a bidiwa Mogwebi wa Lefatshe ke ''Foramo ya Mafatshe otlhe ya DIkgwebo'' mme ebile a lemogiwa e le Moeteledipele wa monana wa mafatshe ke ''[https://www.weforum.org/people/rapelang-rabana/ Foramo ya Itsholelo ya Mafatshe otlhe]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapelang Rabana {{!}} Technology Entrepreneur {{!}} Speaker {{!}} Thought Leader |url=http://rapelang.com/page/home-copy-2b/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822231237/http://rapelang.com/page/home-copy-2b/ |archive-date=22 August 2018 |access-date=2020-01-20 |website=Rapelang Rabana {{!}} Technology Entrepreneur {{!}} Speaker {{!}} Thought Leader}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa ntlha le thuto == Rabana o tsholetswe kwa [[Gaborone]], Botswana. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapelang Rabana |url=http://whoswho.co.za/rapelang-rabana-71005 |access-date=23 November 2016 |website=whoswho.co.za}}</ref> O simolotse dithuto tsa gagwe kwa Gaborone kwa [https://www.thornhillprimary.ac.bw/ sekolong se se potlana sa Thornhill] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cape Media Magazines |url=http://mags.capemedia.co.za/bbq/71/html5/index.html?page=1 |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=mags.capemedia.co.za}}</ref> pele fa a fudugela kwa [[Johannesburg]] kwa a neng a tsena sekolo sa Roedean . <ref name="soetan">{{Cite web |last=Soetan |first=Folake |date=25 August 2012 |title=Exclusive Interview With The Quintessential Rapelang Rabana, Founding Partner, Yeigo |url=http://venturesafrica.com/exclusive-interview-with-the-quintessential-rapelang-rabana-founding-partner-yeigo/ |access-date=23 November 2016 |website=venturesafrica.com}}</ref> Rapelang o alogile ka tlotla kwa [[Yunibesiti ya kapa|Mmmadikolo wa Cape Town]] ka ngwaga wa 2005 ka setlankana sa bachelor ya Saense ya Kgwebo e e nang le bokgoni jo bo kgethegileng jwa Saense ya Dikhomphiutha, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapelang Rabana |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/rapelang-rabana |access-date=23 November 2016 |website=weforum.org}}</ref> mme moragonyana a tsaya dikirii ya maemo ya Saense kwa go sone sekolo seo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapelang Rabana |url=https://wsa-global.org/person/3517/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |language=en}}</ref> Rapelang o ne a boela kwa Mmmadikolo ya Cape Town go ya go neela [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZwxGhCG26w puo ya tshimologo] ka ngwaga wa 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapelang Rabana, guest speaker at Law and Humanities graduation ceremony |url=http://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2019-04-12-rapelang-rabana-guest-speaker-at-law-and-humanities-graduation-ceremony |access-date=2020-01-20 |website=www.news.uct.ac.za |language=en}}</ref> [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 62lu8nmmo898izg8x97pf0e3rslieys 0 15670 57006 56804 2026-11-02T15:33:37Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 57006 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Vusi Thembekwayo 2025.jpg|thumb|Vusi Thembekwayo]] '''Vusi Thembekwayo''' (o tsetswe ka 21 Mopitlo 1985) ke mogwebi, mmeeletsi le mokwadi wa dikwalo wa ko Afrika Borwa. ke ene motlhami le khuduthamaga wa kompone ya MyGrowthFund Venture Partners.<ref>https://old.disruptafrica.com/2022/02/11/meet-the-investor-vusi-thembekwayo-mygrowthfund-venture-partners/</ref> Mo dingwageng tsa gagwe tsa masome a mabedi fa di tla kwa bokhutlong, o dirile dipuisano mo mafatsheng a ka tshwara 21 mme ebile ele mongwe wa bagwebi mo dikgwebong di le mmalwa tsa mebaraka ya Afrika.<ref>https://www.forbesafrica.com/focus/2015/10/01/survived-failure-tragedy-lost-millions</ref> Ke mokwadi wa dibuka di le pedi. == Botshelo jwa bonyana le Thuto == Thembekwayo o tshotswe kwa Benoni mo East Rand ya Transvaal kwa Afrilka Borwa.<ref>https://www.forbesafrica.com/focus/2015/10/01/survived-failure-tragedy-lost-millions</ref> E re go khutleng ga gawe ga dithuto tse dikgolwane, o ne a ya go tsena sekole kwa mmadikolo wa Witwatersrand kwa a neng a ithutela Management Advanced Programme and Commerce. Morago ga kagolo o ne a tla a dira dipoloma mo Business Administration kwa Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS).<ref>https://www.forbesafrica.com/focus/2015/10/01/survived-failure-tragedy-lost-millions</ref> O dirile gape le bo khuduthamaga jwa MBA mo dithutong tsa Business and Economics kwa Ashridge Executive Education le Hult International Business School. == Mmereko == Thembekwayo o simolotse mmereko wa gagwe ale mo puiso batho le bogakolodi. Fa ale dingwaga di le 21, o ne a tlhama mokgatlho wa papatso ya tsa boforensiki, pele a fetogela mo dikgolaganong tsa go buisa mafatshe a a tsepameng mo ditomaganong tsa dikgwebo, boeteledipele le thekiso. Morago o ne atolosegela mo mererong ya madi a go simolola kgwebo le peeletso ya madi mo dikgwebong tse eseng tsa setshaba, ke gone a neng a tlhama MyGrowthFund Venture Partners, feme ya peeletso e e tsepameng mo go tshegetseng high-growth le small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) mo Afrika. Ka feme, o nnile bontlhabongwe jwa maiteko a tshwana le mananeo a go godisa le go tshegetsa dikgwebo tse di simololang le School of Scale, e leng serala sa katiso le tlhabololo ya borakgwebo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://schoolofscale.co/about/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115111031/https://schoolofscale.co/about/ |archive-date=2025-11-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mo potsolosong le Forbes Africa ka ngwaga wa 2015, Thembekwayo o ne a akanya ka dikgwetlho tse a neng a kopana le tsone mo tshimologong ya tiro ya gagwe, go akaretsa peeletso e a neng a e dira mo komponeng ya tshipi ka 2011, e e neng ya se ka ya atlega ka ntlha ya go sa dira dipatlisiso le tshekatsheko ee lekaneng pele ga peeletso eo. Fa e sale ka nako eo, o gateletse botlhokwa jwa melao le dithulaganyo tse di siameng mo kgwebong. O tlhalositse gore borakgwebo ba tshwanetse go netefatsa gore dikgang tsotlhe tsa semolao di lolame ebile di a ikanyega pele ba tswelela ka go dira di peeletso.<ref>https://www.forbesafrica.com/focus/2015/10/01/survived-failure-tragedy-lost-millions</ref> Go tloga ka 2014 go fitlha 2015, Thembekwayo e ne e le mongwe wa babeeletsi, kgotsa "di dragon", mo thulaganyong ya thelebishine ya nnete ya Dragon's Den ya Aforika Borwa, e e neng e bontshiwa ke Mzanzi Magic. Babeeletsi ba babngwe ba ne ba akaretsaVinny Lingham, Gil Oved, Lebo Gunguluza gareng ga ba bangwe. == Botshelo Jwa Gagwe == Thembekwayo o nyetse Palesa Mahlolo Thembekwayo (née Makhetha) ka 2009; banyalanai ba nale bana ba le bararo. Ka 2021, o ne a latofadiwa ka go itaya moasadi wa gagwe, mme o ne a gana tatofatso eo. Kwa tshimilogong ya 2023, go ne ga begwa gore ditsamaiso tsa tlhalo le go kgaogana ga dithoto di ne di tsweletse. Ka Mopitlo 2024, o ne a gololwa mo tatofatsong eo ke Kgotlatshekelo ya Bommakastrata ya Randburg. Dikganetso Ka 2023, Thembekwayo o ne a bua sengwe se se neng se tsosa dikganetsanyo. Moragonyana, o ne a kopa maitshwarelo ,o lelapeng la slain rapper Kiernan "AKA" Forbes, ka go dirisa leina la gagwe go batla go bona maduo a sepolotiki ka tsela e e sa siamanang. == Dikgele == * 2020 – O ne a amogela sekgele sa GQ Business Leader of the Year ( Moeteledipele wa Ngwaga mo Kgwebong) * 2024 – O ne a amogela sekgele sa Guardian Award kwa EMY Africa Awards * 2025 – O ne a amogela sekgele sa District 74 Communication le Leadership Award (sekgele sa District 74 sa Puisano le Boiteledipele). == Metswedi ya Tshedimosetso == * Thembekwayo, Vusi (2017). ''Vusi: Business & Life Lessons from a Black Dragon''. Tafelberg Publishers Ltd.ISBN: 978062440077718 * Thembekwayo, Vusi (2018). The Magna Carta of Exponentiality. Icono Plus Knowledge Bureau. * Thembekwayo, Vusi. Underdogs == Dibuka tse di reediwang == * ''Vusi: Business & Life Lessons from a Black Dragon'' (2019) narrated by Hanyani Mangwani on Audible, Amazon, ASIN B07S2YRLKP and iTunes. == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Bagwebi ba kwa Aforika borwa]] 3u9sve8dk2gzgnea40uelbvzze6e2ep