Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.3 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 15683 57079 2026-11-10T05:26:09Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1457199|Sleep paralysis]] to:tn #mdwikicx 57079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Sleep paralysis |synonym = |image =John Henry Fuseli - The Nightmare.JPG |image size = |image thumbtime = |alt = |caption =''[[The Nightmare]]'' by [[Henry Fuseli]] (1781) is thought to be a depiction of sleep paralysis perceived as a [[demon]]ic visitation. |pronounce = |specialty =[[Sleep medicine]] |symptoms =Awareness but inability to move during waking or falling asleep<ref name=Sharp2016/><ref name=Av2011/> |complications = |onset = |duration =Less than a couple of minutes<ref name=Av2011/> |types = |causes = |risks =[[Narcolepsy]], [[obstructive sleep apnea]], alcohol use, [[sleep deprivation]]<ref name=Sharp2016/><ref name=Av2011/> |diagnosis =Based on description<ref name=Av2011/> |differential =[[Narcolepsy]], [[atonic seizure]], [[hypokalemic periodic paralysis]], [[night terror]]<ref name=Sharp2016/><ref name=Av2011/> |prevention = |treatment =Reassurance, [[sleep hygiene]], [[cognitive behavioral therapy]], [[antidepressants]]<ref name=Sharp2016/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =8–50%<ref name=Av2011/> |deaths = |named after = }} '''Go swa ditokololo fa motho a robetse''' ke seemo se e reng fa motho a tsoga a bo a lemoga gore ga kgone go tshikinyega kgotsa go buwa.<ref name="Sharp2016">{{Cite journal|last=Sharpless|first=BA|title=A clinician's guide to recurrent isolated sleep paralysis.|journal=Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment|date=2016|volume=12|pages=1761–67|doi=10.2147/NDT.S100307|pmid=27486325|pmc=4958367}}</ref><ref name="Av2011">{{Cite book|last=Avidan|first=Alon Y.|last2=Zee|first2=Phyllis C.|title=Handbook of Sleep Medicine|date=2011|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9781451153859|page=Chapter 5|edition=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D66s7fxc-0cC&pg=PT113|language=en|df=|access-date=2020-07-19|archive-date=2020-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630004420/https://books.google.com/books?id=D66s7fxc-0cC&pg=PT113|url-status=live}}</ref> Ka nako ya tiragalo, motho o ka nna a bona dilo tse di sa tlwaelegang (go utlwa, kgotsa go bona dilo tse di seong), tse gantsi di felelang ka poifo.<ref name="Sharp2016" /> Ditiragalo ka kakaretso di tsaya metsotsonyana fela.<ref name="Av2011" /> E ka nna ya diragala e le tiragalo e le nngwe kgotsa ya ipoeletsa.<ref name="Sharp2016" /> Seemo se seka nna teng mo bathong ba ba itekanetseng kgotsa ba ba nang le bolwetse jwa go robala, kgotsa se ka nna teng mo malapeng ka ntlha ya diphetogo tse di rileng tsa dijini.<ref name="Av2011" /> Seemo se se ka bakwa ke go tlhoka boroko, kgatelelo ya maikutlo, kgotsa seemo sa kafa motho a robalang ka teng mo go sa tlwaelesegag.<ref name="Av2011" /> Go dumelwa gore selo se se bakang seo se akaretsa REM sleep.<ref name="Av2011" /> Go tlhatlhoba bolwetse go ikaegile ka itekodiso ya motho.<ref name="Av2011" /> Diemo tse di ka itshupang ka tsela e tshwanang jaaka bolwetse jwa go robala, go swa mohama, le go swa ditokololo ka dinako tse di rileng.<ref name="Av2011" /> Metlhale ya kalafi ya go swa ga ditokololo fa motho a robetse ga e ise e ithutiwa sentle.<ref name="Sharp2016" /> Go kgothalediwa gore batho ba itse gore seemo se se tlwaelegile mme ka kakaretso ga se maswe thata.<ref name="Sharp2016" /> Maiteko a mangwe a a ka lekwang a akaretsa go robala sente, kalafi ya boitshwaro jwa tlhaloganyo, le dipilisi tsa go lwantsha kgatelelo ya maikutlo.<ref name="Sharp2016" /> Magareng ga 8% le 50% ya batho ba itemogela go swa ditokololo fa ba robetse ka nako nngwe mo botshelong jwa bone.<ref name="Av2011" /><ref name="Bri2011">{{Cite journal|last=Sharpless|first=Brian A.|last2=Barber|first2=Jacques P.|title=Lifetime prevalence rates of sleep paralysis: A systematic review|journal=Sleep Medicine Reviews|date=October 2011|volume=15|issue=5|pages=311–315|doi=10.1016/j.smrv.2011.01.007|pmid=21571556|pmc=3156892}}</ref> Mo e ka nnang 5% ya batho ba itemogela ditiragalo tseo gangwe le gape <ref name="Av2011" /> Bomme le borre ba amega ka go lekana.<ref name="Av2011" /> Go swa ditokololo fa motho a robetse go ile ga tlhalosiwa mo ditsong.<ref name="Sharp2016" /> Go dumelwa gore di nnile le seabe mo go tlhameng dipolelo tse di buang ka go gapiwa ga batswakwa le ditiragalo tse dingwe tse di sa tlwaelegang.<ref name="Sharp2016" /> == Ditshupiso == <references /> h6bjgsonvkg4a3bm86okngsg3pjmz1d 0 15684 57080 2026-11-10T05:47:58Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1513672|Insomnia]] to:tn #mdwikicx 57080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Insomnia |synonym =Sleeplessness, trouble sleeping |image =53-aspetti di vita quotidiana, insonnia, Taccuino Sanitatis,.jpg |image size = |image thumbtime = |alt = |caption =A drawing of someone with insomnia from the 14th century |pronounce ={{IPAc-en|ɪ|n|ˈ|s|ɒ|m|n|i|ə}}<ref name=NIH2011Ov/> |specialty =[[Psychiatry]], [[sleep medicine]] |symptoms =Trouble [[sleeping]], daytime sleepiness, low energy, irritability, [[depression (mood)|depressed mood]]<ref name=NIH2011Ov/> |complications =[[Traffic collision|Motor vehicle collisions]]<ref name=NIH2011Ov/> |onset = |duration = |types = |causes =Unknown, [[psychological stress]], [[chronic pain]], [[heart failure]], [[hyperthyroidism]], [[heartburn]], [[restless leg syndrome]], others<ref name=NIH2011Ca/> |risks = |diagnosis =Based on symptoms, [[sleep study]]<ref name=NIH2011Diag/> |differential =[[Delayed sleep phase disorder]], [[restless leg syndrome]], [[sleep apnea]], [[psychiatric disorder]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Watson|first1=Nathaniel F.|last2=Vaughn|first2=Bradley V.|title=Clinician's Guide to Sleep Disorders|date=2006|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-8493-7449-4|page=10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M9zKBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10|language=en|access-date=2020-08-05|archive-date=2020-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627131153/https://books.google.com/books?id=M9zKBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10|url-status=live}}</ref> |prevention = |treatment =[[Sleep hygiene]], [[Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia|cognitive behavioral therapy]], [[sleeping pills]]<ref name=NIH2011Tx/><ref name=AC2016/><ref name=Wil2008/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =~20%<ref name=WHO2009/><ref name=Th2007/><ref name=Tas2015/> |deaths = |named after = }} '''Go tlhoka boroko''', mo go itsegeng gape jaaka '''go felelwa ke boroko''', ke bolwetse jwa boroko jo mo go jone batho ba nang le bothata jwa go robala.<ref name="NIH2011Ov">{{Cite web|title=What Is Insomnia?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso#|website=NHLBI|access-date=9 August 2016|date=December 13, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728012148/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso|archive-date=28 July 2016}}</ref> Ba ka nna ba nna le bothata jwa go robala, kgotsa go nna ba robetse ka lobaka lo loleele lo lo elediwang.<ref name="Th2007">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Roth T|title=Insomnia: definition, prevalence, etiology, and consequences|journal=Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine|volume=3|issue=5 Suppl|pages=S7–10|date=August 2007|doi=10.5664/jcsm.26929|pmid=17824495|pmc=1978319}}</ref><ref name="Pun2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Punnoose AR, Golub RM, Burke AE|title=JAMA patient page. Insomnia|journal=JAMA|volume=307|issue=24|pages=2653|date=June 2012|pmid=22735439|pmc=|doi=10.1001/jama.2012.6219}}</ref> Go tlhoka boroko gantsi go latelwa ke go robala motshegare, Go sa nna le maatla , go tenega, le go tlhomga pelo.<ref name="NIH2011Ov" /> Go ka felela go baka dikotsi tsa go thulana ga dikoloi, ga mmogo le mathata a go nna keletlhoko le go ithuta.<ref name="NIH2011Ov" /> Go tlhoka boroko go ka nna ga nako e khutshwane, go tsaya malatsi kgotsa dibeke, kgotsa ga nako e telele, go tsaya lobaka lo lo fetang kgwedi.<ref name="NIH2011Ov" /> Go tlhoka boroko go ka diragala ka nosi kgotsa ka ntlha ya bothata jo bongwe.<ref name="NIH2011Ca">{{Cite web|title=What Causes Insomnia?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/causes|website=NHLBI|access-date=9 August 2016|date=December 13, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728012201/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/causes|archive-date=28 July 2016}}</ref> Diemo tse di bakang go tlhoka boroko di karetsa kgatelelo ya maikutlo, botlhoko jo bo sa foleng, go sa dire sentle ga pelo, hyperthyroidism, go tuka ga pelo, bolwetse jwa maoto a a sa iketlang, go kgaotsa go bona setswalo, melemo mengwe, le dipilisi tse di tshwanacaffeine, nicotine, le bojalwa.<ref name="NIH2011Ca" /><ref name="WHO2009">{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/selection medicines/committees/expert/17/application/Section24 GAD.pdf|title=Dyssomnias|access-date=2009-01-25|publisher=WHO|pages=7–11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318104517/http://www.who.int/selection medicines/committees/expert/17/application/Section24 GAD.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-18}}</ref> Mabaka a mangwe a diphatsa a akaretsa go theogela bosigo le go sa robala sentle.<ref name="Th2007" /> Go tlhatlhobiwa ga bolwetse go ikaegile ka mekgwa ya go robala le go tlhatlhobiwa go batla mabaka a a bakang bolwetse jo.<ref name="NIH2011Diag" /> Go ka dirwa patlisiso ya boroko go batla mathata a a ka fa tlase a boroko.<ref name="NIH2011Diag">{{Cite web|title=How Is Insomnia Diagnosed?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/diagnosis|website=NHLBI|access-date=9 August 2016|date=December 13, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811091424/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/diagnosis|archive-date=11 August 2016}}</ref> Tlhatlhobo e ka dirwa ka dipotso tse pedi: "a o itemogela bothata jwa go robala?" le "a o na le bothata jwa go wa kgotsa go nna o robetse?" <ref name="Th2007" /> Go robala sente le go fetola ka fa motho a tshelang ka teng ke kalafi ya ntlha ya seemo sa go tlhoka boroko.<ref name="NIH2011Tx">{{Cite web|title=How Is Insomnia Treated?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/treatment|website=NHLBI|access-date=9 August 2016|date=December 13, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728012302/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/treatment|archive-date=28 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="Wil2008">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wilson JF|s2cid=42686046|title=In the clinic. Insomnia|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=148|issue=1|pages=ITC13–1–ITC13–16|date=January 2008|pmid=18166757|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-148-1-200801010-01001}}</ref> Go robala sente bo akaretsa nako e e tlhomameng ya go robala, go nna mo leseding la letsatsi, go nna mo phaposing e e didimetseng le e e lefifi le go itshidila mmele gangwe le gape.<ref name="Wil2008" /> Kalafi ya boitshwaro jwa tlhaloganyo e ka okediwa mo go seo.<ref name="AC2016">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Qaseem A, Kansagara D, Forciea MA, Cooke M, Denberg TD|title=Management of Chronic Insomnia Disorder in Adults: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=165|issue=2|pages=125–33|date=July 2016|pmid=27136449|doi=10.7326/M15-2175|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Tra2015">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Trauer JM, Qian MY, Doyle JS, Rajaratnam SM, Cunnington D|s2cid=21617330|title=Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=163|issue=3|pages=191–204|date=August 2015|pmid=26054060|doi=10.7326/M14-2841}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Rudyk|first=Brittnee|title=#418 Enough Evidence to Put One to Sleep: Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia|url=https://cfpclearn.ca/tfp418/|website=CFPCLearn|access-date=21 July 2026|date=17 July 2026}}</ref> Le fa dipilisi tsa go robala di ka thusa, di amangwa le dikgobalo, go latlhegelwa ke tlhaloganyo, le go tlwaela.<ref name="NIH2011Tx" /><ref name="AC2016" /> Melemo eo ga e rotloediwe go k dirisiwa sebaka sa dibeke tse fetang tse nne kgotsa tse tlhano.<ref name="AC2016" /> Ga go itsiwe sentle gore melemo e mengwe e ka thusa le gore e sireletsegile go le kana kang.<ref name="NIH2011Tx" /><ref name="AC2016" /> Magareng ga 10% le 30% ya bagolo ba na le go tlhoka boroko ka nako nngwe le nngwe mme go fitlha go sepatlo sa batho ba na le go tlhoka boroko mo ngwageng o o rileng.<ref name="WHO2009" /><ref name="Th2007" /><ref name="Tas2015">{{Cite book|last=Tasman|first=Allan|last2=Kay|first2=Jerald|last3=Lieberman|first3=Jeffrey A.|last4=First|first4=Michael B.|last5=Riba|first5=Michelle|title=Psychiatry, 2 Volume Set|date=2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-75336-1|page=4253|edition=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2KRBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT4253|access-date=2020-08-05|archive-date=2020-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618043150/https://books.google.com/books?id=l2KRBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT4253|url-status=live}}</ref> Mo e ka nnang 6% ya batho ba na le go tlhoka boroko mo go sa bakiweng ke bothata jo bongwe mme go tsaya lobaka lo lo fetang kgwedi.<ref name="Th2007" /> Batho ba ba fetang dingwaga di le masome a marataro le botlhano ba amega gantsi go feta batho ba ba botlana.<ref name="Wil2008" /> Bomme ba amega thata go na le borre.<ref name="WHO2009" /> Ditlhaloso tsa go tlhoka boroko di tlhagelela bogologolo tala kwa [[ancient Greece]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Attarian|first=Hrayr P.|title=Clinical Handbook of Insomnia|date=2003|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-59259-662-1|chapter=chapter 1|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fx-sBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT20|language=en|access-date=2020-08-05|archive-date=2017-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908173636/https://books.google.com/books?id=Fx-sBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT20|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == <references /> 78z43iazh6q6e9urzk0djhvsyzms7ih