Wikipedia tumwiki https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jani_likulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 6954 116647 115494 2026-07-10T18:40:02Z Jefunky 11853 116647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Country on the southwest coast of West Africa}} {{Other uses}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}} {{Infobox country | common_name = Sierra Leone | coordinates = {{Coord|08|30|00|N|12|06|00|W|type:adm1st_region:SL-W|display=inline,title}} | conventional_long_name = Charu cha Sierra Leone | image_flag = Flag of Sierra Leone.svg | alt_flag = [[Flag of Sierra Leone|Flag]] | image_coat = Coat of arms of Sierra Leone.svg | symbol_type = Coat of arms | national_anthem = "[[High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free]]"{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:Sierra Leone's national anthem.ogg]]}} | national_motto = "Unity, Freedom, Justice" | image_map = Sierra Leone (orthographic projection).svg | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=dark green}} | capital = [[Freetown]] | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[English language|English]]<!-- DO NOT add [[Bengali language]] here. Please start a conversation at the talk page to reach a consensus before adding Bengali language to this parameter. --> | religion_ref = <ref name=religions /> | demonym = Sierra Leonean | languages_type = Spoken and national languages<ref>{{cite web |editor1-first=M. Paul |editor1-last=Lewis |editor2-first=Gary F. |editor2-last=Simons |editor3-first=Charles D. |editor3-last=Fennig |year=2015 |title=Liberia |website=[[Ethnologue]] |edition=18th |location=Dallas, Texas |publisher=SIL International |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/lr/languages}}</ref> | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |35.5% [[Mende people|Mende]] |33.2% [[Temne people|Temne]] |6.4% [[Limba people (Sierra Leone)|Limba]] |4.4% [[Kono people|Kono]] |3.4% [[Fula people of Sierra Leone|Fula]] |2.9% [[Susu people|Susu]] |2.9% [[Loko people|Loko]] |2.8% [[Koranko people|Koranko]] |2.6% [[Sherbro people|Sherbro]] |2.4% [[Mandingo people of Sierra Leone|Mandingo]] |1.3% [[Sierra Leone Creole people|Krio]] }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sierraleone.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/National%20Analytical%20Report.pdf |title=Sierra Leone 2015 Population and Housing Census National Analytical Report |access-date=28 March 2020 |website=Statistics Sierra Leone| df=dmy }}</ref> | religion = [[Islam in Sierra Leone|Islam]] (78.5%)<br /> [[Christianity in Sierra Leone|Christianity]] (20.4%)<br /> Others (1.1%) | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Presidential system|presidential]] [[republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Sierra Leone|President]] | leader_name1 = {{nowrap|[[Julius Maada Bio]]}} | leader_title2 = [[Vice-President of Sierra Leone|Vice-President]] | leader_name2 = {{nowrap|[[Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh]]}} | leader_title3 = [[Chief Minister of Sierra Leone|Chief Minister]] | leader_name3 = {{nowrap|[[Jacob Jusu Saffa]]}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Big shake-up in Sierra Leone's cabinet |url=https://politicosl.com/articles/big-shake-sierra-leones-cabinet |first=Alpha|last=Abu|date=4 May 2021 |website=Politico SL |access-date=6 May 2021}}</ref> | leader_title4 = [[Speaker of the House of Parliament of Sierra Leone|Speaker of Parliament]] | leader_name4 = {{nowrap|[[Abass Bundu|Abass Chernor Bundu]]}} | legislature = [[Parliament of Sierra Leone|Parliament]] | sovereignty_type = [[Independence]] | sovereignty_note = from the [[United Kingdom]] | established_event1 = [[Sierra Leone (1961–1971)|Dominion]] | established_date1 = 27 April 1961 | established_event2 = [[Republic]] | established_date2 = 19 April 1971 | area_km2 = 71,740 | area_rank = 117th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_sq_mi = 27,699 | percent_water = 1.1 | population_estimate = 8,908,040<ref>{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Sierra Leone|access-date=22 June 2023|year=2023}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2023 | population_estimate_rank = 100th | population_density_km2 = 112 | population_density_rank = 114th^a | population_density_sq_mi = 291 | GDP_PPP = {{decrease}}$16.4 &nbsp;billion <ref name="imf2">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022|date=October 2022|website=IMF.org|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|access-date= October 11, 2022}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2022 | GDP_PPP_rank = 152nd | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{decrease}}$1,972<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 185th | GDP_nominal = {{increase}}$4.1 &nbsp;billion<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | GDP_nominal_rank = 170th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}}$494<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 193th | Gini = 35.7 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2018 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=SL |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) – Sierra Leone |website=[[World Bank]] |access-date=22 March 2020}}</ref> | HDI = 0.477 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=8 September 2022|access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 181st | currency = [[Sierra Leonean leone|Leone]] | currency_code = SLL | utc_offset = {{sp}} | time_zone = GMT | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy | drives_on = right | calling_code = +232 | cctld = [[.sl]] | footnote_a = Rank based on 2007 figure | religion_year = 2020 | national_languages = [[Krio language|Krio]] }} <!-- DO NOT make the lead longer; it is already too long. (December 2017) --> '''Sierra Leone''',{{NoteTag|[{{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Sierra Leone.ogg|s|i|ˌ|ɛr|ə|_|l|i|ˈ|oʊ|n|(|i|)}}, <small>also</small> {{IPAc-en|UK|s|i|ˌ|ɛər|ə|_|-}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˌ|s|ɪər|ə|_|-}},<ref>{{citation|last=Wells|first=John C.|year=2008|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary|edition=3rd|publisher=Longman|isbn=9781405881180}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Sierra Leone|access-date=22 April 2019}}</ref> ({{lang-kri|Salone}})].<ref name="Salone">{{citation|title=Salone Definition|url=https://glosbe.com/kri/en/Salone}}</ref>}} mwalamulo '''Charu cha Sierra Leone''', ni chalo icho chili ku mpoto kwa [[Africa]]. Kumwera kwa charu ichi kuli Liberia, ndipo kumpoto kwake kuli charu cha [[Guinea]]. Malo ghose agho ghakukwana 71,740 km2 (27,699 sq mi),<ref name="Sierra Leone">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761563681/Sierra_Leone.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228134322/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761563681/Sierra_Leone.html|archive-date=28 February 2008|title=Sierra Leone (country) |encyclopedia=Encarta Encyclopedia|access-date=19 February 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ku Sierra Leone kuli mphepo yakotcha, ndipo kuli malo ghakupambanapambana. Ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu charu ichi ŵakaŵa 7,092,113.<ref name =Census2015>{{cite web|url=https://sierraleone.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/National%20Analytical%20Report.pdf |title=Sierra Leone 2015 Population and Housing Census National Analytical Report |access-date=28 March 2020 |website=Statistics Sierra Leone| df=dmy }}</ref> Msumba wa [[Freetown]] ndiwo ni msumba ukuru chomene. Charu chili na vigaŵa vinkhondi, ndipo vigaŵa ivi vili mu vigaŵa 16.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://necsl.org/index_files/2017_Press_Releases/Completed_RegistrationPressRelease2017.pdf|title=National Electoral Commission – Press Release|date=6 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114202122/http://necsl.org/index_files/2017_Press_Releases/Completed_RegistrationPressRelease2017.pdf|archive-date=14 November 2017|url-status=dead|access-date=1 February 2018}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite news|url=http://www.africareview.com/news/Sierra-Leone-unveils-new-geographical-map/979180-4041036-4x8dfaz/index.html|title=Sierra Leone unveils new geographical map|work=Africa Review|access-date=1 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221142807/http://www.africareview.com/news/Sierra-Leone-unveils-new-geographical-map/979180-4041036-4x8dfaz/index.html|archive-date=21 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sierra Leone ni charu icho chili na dango lakuyana na malango ndipo chili na nyumba yimoza ya maparamendi. Pulezidenti wa sono ni J[[ulius Maada Bio]]. Sierra Leone ni caru ico cikulondezga yayi visambizgo vya boma. Ŵasilamu ŵalipo pafupifupi vigaŵa vitatu pa vigaŵa vinayi vya ŵanthu wose ŵa mu charu ichi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ku Sierra Leone ŵakutemwa kusopa mwakufwatuka, ndipo ichi ntchimanyikwiro cha ŵanthu ŵa mu charu ichi.<ref>United Nations (5 July 2013), [https://news.un.org/en/story/2013/07/443992-inter-religious-cooperation-can-be-vital-asset-rebuilding-sierra-leone-un "Inter-religious cooperation can be vital asset for rebuilding Sierra Leone – UN expert"]. [https://news.un.org/en/story/2013/07/443992-inter-religious-cooperation-can-be-vital-asset-rebuilding-sierra-leone-un Archived]. Retrieved October 26, 2021.</ref><ref>OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM (May 12, 2021) [https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-report-on-international-religious-freedom/sierra-leone/ 2020 Report on International Religious Freedom: Sierra Leone]. [[United States Department of State|U.S. Department of State]]. Retrieved October 25, 2021.</ref> Chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa na ŵanthu kwa vyaka vinandi, kweni Sierra Leone, nga umo charu ichi na mphaka zake vikumanyikwira mazuŵa ghano, chikazengeka na ufumu wa [[Britain]] mu vigaŵa viŵiri: chakwamba, Sierra Leone Colony mu 1808 (pakuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakawelera kwawo chifukwa cha kulekeska wuzga); chachiŵiri, Protectorate mu 1896 (pakuti ufumu ukakhumbikwiranga kuwusa chomene mu charu chifukwa cha ivyo vikachitika pa ungano wa ku Berlin mu 1884-1885). Lekani charu ichi chikachemekanga Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate panji British Sierra Leone.<ref>Hargreaves, J. D. (December 20, 2011), [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-historical-journal/article/abs/iv-the-establishment-of-the-sierra-leone-protectorate-and-the-insurrection-of-18981/3AF7D282B682C6DF80D06C0ED396E68A "The Establishment of the Sierra Leone Protectorate and the Insurrection of 1898"]. ''[[The Historical Journal|Cambridge Historical Journal]]'' Vol. 12(1). Retrieved 26 October 2021.</ref><ref>UNITED NATIONS INTEGRATED PEACEBUILDING OFFICE IN SIERRA LEONE. [https://unipsil.unmissions.org/about-sierra-leone-history ABOUT SIERRA LEONE: HISTORY.] [https://unipsil.unmissions.org/about-sierra-leone-history Archived]. Retrieved October 26, 2021.</ref> Sierra Leone yikamba kujiyimira pawekha pa 27 Epulero, 1961, ndipo yikazgoka chigaŵa cha Commonwealth pa zuŵa lenelili. Milton Margai wakaŵa nduna yikuru yakwamba ya Sierra Leone.<ref name="Humphrey">Humphrey J. Fisher (1969), "Elections and Coups in Sierra Leone, 1967". ''[[Journal of Modern African Studies|The Journal of Modern African Studies]]'' Vol. 7, No. 4 (December 1969), pp. 611–636 (26 pages). Published By: [[Cambridge University Press]]. [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-modern-african-studies/article/abs/elections-and-coups-in-sierra-leone-1967/F7F447FA2BE820E80298249E540C2DC4 Archived]. Retrieved October 22, 2021.</ref> Mu vyaka vyakumasinda, Sierra Leone yikaŵa na masuzgo gha ndyali, kusinthika kwa vinthu, vivulupi, kweniso masuzgo gha vya ŵanthu. Charu ichi chikaŵa na mavoti ghakwamba pa 27 May 1961. Chipani cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) cha Margai chikapokera vithuzithuzi vinandi mu Nyumba ya Malamulo ndipo wakasankhikaso kuŵa nduna yikuru. Mu 1971, pakaŵa dango liphya ilo likawovwira kuti Sierra Leone waŵe charu cha demokilase. Stevens wakasunga udindo uwu kwa virimika 14 (m'paka 1985) mu boma la chipani cimoza ilo likaŵa na fundo zakususkana na malango gha mu 1978. Ndipouli, Joseph Saidu Momoh, uyo wakasankhika na Stevens, wakalayizga kuti wazamuwezgera caru ku ndondomeko ya vyaru vinandi. <ref name="Kandeh">Kandeh, J. D. (September, 1998), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/524828 "Transition without Rupture: Sierra Leone's Transfer Election of 1996"]. ''[[African Studies Review]]'' Flight. 41, No. 2 (September 1998), pp. 91–111. [[Cambridge University Press]]. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/524828 Archived]. Retrieved October 25, 2021.</ref>Mu chaka chenechichi, pakawuka nkhondo ya pawenenawene iyo yikatora vyaka 11. Mu 1992, pati pajumpha waka cilimika cimoza nkhondo yati yayamba, Pulezidenti Momoh wakawuskika pa udindo mu boma na kugalukira boma. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, mulara wa ŵasilikari, Julius Maada Bio, wakawuskapo Strasser pa udindo wake cifukwa wakatondeka kusintha vinthu mwaluŵiro. Bio wakaweleraso ku boma la demokilase mu 1996 kwizira mu maungano gha chalo.<ref name="Kandeh" /> Kuuyambiro wa 1996, nangauli caru cikaŵa mu nkhondo ya cikaya, kweni ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakaŵa na cilindizga ciwemi cakuti ŵazakawelere ku boma la demokilase. Paumaliro, fundo yakuti, "Visola pambere mtende undaŵeko" ndiyo yikaluska. Mu 1996, Ahmad Tejan Kabbah ndiyo wakathereska mavoti ndipo wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba wa Sierra Leone uyo wakasankhika na maboma ghanandi. Kufuma waka pa nyengo iyi, ŵanthu ŵakuluta ku maungano mwakukolerana. Mu 1997, Kabbah wakawuskika pa udindo mu boma na mulara wa ŵasilikari wa Sierra Leone, Johnny Paul Koroma. Kabbah wakaluta ku charu cha Guinea. Wakawezgekeramo mu uteŵeti wake pamanyuma pa myezi yinkhondi na umoza cifukwa ca kunjilirapo kwa ŵasilikari ŵa ECOMOG. Mulimo wa Kabbah ukaŵa wakwamba kwa Sierra Leone yiphya, iyo yikaŵa na umaliro wa nkhondo ya pa cikaya mu 2002, kughanaghanira comene za kukhozga umoza na kuphemana, kugomezga boma, mtende na kukhazikika, kusintha ubwezi na vyaru vinandi, na kuwuskapo ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone.<ref name="University">University of Central Arkansas. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220525095205/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/sierra-leone-1961-present/ 41. Sierra Leone (1961-Present)]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220525095205/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/sierra-leone-1961-present/ Archived]. Retrieved 22 October 2021.</ref><ref>Davis, Dickie (20 November 2017), [https://web.archive.org/web/20230531215354/https://cco.ndu.edu/News/Article/1375921/12-the-british-experience-in-africa-and-oman/ "The British Experience in Africa and Oman"]. ''The Journal of Complex Operations''. [[National Defense University]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230531215354/https://cco.ndu.edu/News/Article/1375921/12-the-british-experience-in-africa-and-oman/ Archived]. Retrieved October 29, 2021.</ref> Ku Sierra Leone kuli mafuko pafupifupi 18. Pa ŵanthu wose ŵa mu charu ichi, ŵanthu ŵaŵiri pa ŵaŵiri ŵali mu mtundu wa Creole. Chingelezi ndicho chikuyowoyeka pa sukulu na mu boma. Chiyowoyero cha Krio ndicho chikuyowoyeka chomene mu Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone njakuzura na vinthu vyakuthupi, comenecomene dayamondi, golide, bauxite na aluminiyamu. Charu ichi chili mu wupu wa United Nations, African Union, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Mano River Union, Commonwealth of Nations, IMF, World Bank, WTO, African Development Bank, na Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Ku Sierra Leone ndiko kuli yunivesite yakwamba ya ku Western ku sub-Saharan Africa: Fourah Bay College (iyo yikambika mu 1827).<ref>Nwauwa, Apollos O. (2003), Book review: "The Athens of West Africa: A History of International Education at Fourah Bay College, Freetown, Sierra Leone by Daniel J. Paracka Jr. New York: Routledge". ''[[Comparative Education Review]]'', Vol. 49(4). [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/498200 Archived]. Retrieved 29 October 2021.</ref> ==Zina== Zina la charu ichi lili kufuma ku mapiri gha Lion Mountains agho ghali kufupi na Freetown. Mu 1462, Pedro de Sintra, uyo wakaŵa mulendo wa ku Portugal, wakambiska chigaŵa ichi, ndipo wakachichema kuti Sierra Leoa..<ref>{{cite web |url=https://reignministries.org/5-things-know-sierra-leone/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326125346/https://reignministries.org/5-things-know-sierra-leone/ |archive-date=26 March 2020 |title=5 Thing to Know About Sierra Leone |website=reignministries.org |access-date=14 July 2021}}</ref> == Mbili == {{Main|History of Sierra Leone}} === Mbiri yakwambilira === [[File:Prehistoric pottery shards, Sierra Leone.jpg|thumb|Vigaŵa vya dongo lakale kufuma ku Kamabai Rock Shelter]] [[File:The slave fort on Bunce Island, at the mouth of the Sierra Leone River in West Africa.jpg|thumb|right|Cirwa ca Bunce, 1805, mu nyengo iyo fakitare ya ŵazga yikendeskekanga na John na Alexander Anderson]] [[File: slaves sierra leone.jpg|thumb|Cithuzithuzi ca mu 1835 ca ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakiza ku Sierra Leone]] [[File: Freetown, Sierra Leone ca 1856.jpg|thumb|Msumba wa Freetown mu 1856]] [[File:Houses at Sierra-Leone (May 1853, X, p.55) - Copy.jpg|thumb|Nyumba za ku Sierra Leone (Meyi 1853, X, p. 55)<ref name="Juvenile1853">{{cite journal|title=Houses at Sierra-Leone|journal=The Wesleyan Juvenile Offering: A Miscellany of Missionary Information for Young Persons|date=May 1853|volume=X|page=55|url=https://archive.org/details/wesleyanjuvenil19socigoog|access-date=29 February 2016}}</ref>]] Ivyo ŵanthu ŵakufukura vinthu vyakale ŵasanga vikulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakukhalapo vyaka 2,500. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 900 C.E., ŵanthu ŵakamba kugwiliskira ntchito visulo, ndipo mu 1000 C.E., ŵalimi ŵakamba kulima mumphepete mwa nyanja. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, nyengo yikasintha comene, ndipo mphaka pakati pa malo ghakupambanapambana zikasintha.<ref name="brooks"/> Nkhorongo ya Sierra Leone na malo ghake ghakubinkha ghakawonekanga kuti munthu wangakanjiramo yayi. Malo agha ghakavikiliranga ŵanthu ŵake ku ŵanthu ŵa ku Mandinka na maufumu ghanyake gha ku Africa, ndipo ghakaŵa na mazaza gha Ufumu wa Mali. Chisilamu chikapharazgika na ŵamalonda ŵa ku Susu, na awo ŵakasamukira ku vyaru vya kumpoto na kumafumiro gha dazi.<ref name="rainforest">[[#Utting|Utting]] (1931), p. 8.</ref><ref name="brooks">[[Christopher Fyfe|Fyfe, Christopher]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306014052/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=2789148 "Weighing the Probabilities"], Review: ''Landlords and Strangers: Ecology, Society and Trade in Western Africa, 1000–1630'', By George E. Brooks. Boulder: Westview Press, 1994. ({{ISBN|0-8133-1263-9}}).</ref><ref name="protected from influence">[[#Utting|Utting]] (1931), p. 33.</ref> <!--Expand this section to tell about the culture of indigenous peoples and how and why they became Muslim. Also, describe paramount chiefs, the tribal organisation as they influenced colonial and early national history--> === Kuguliska vinthu ku Europe === Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1400, ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ndiwo ŵakamba kufika ku Sierra Leone. Mu 1462, Pedro de Sintra, uyo wakafumanga ku Portugal, wakalemba mapu gha mapiri agho ghali kuzingilizga Freetown Harbour. Mu Cisipanishi, zina ili ŵali kung'anamura kuti Sierra Leone, ndipo pamasinda ŵakasintha zina ili na kulemba mwakubudika. Nangauli Pulofesa C. Magbaily Fyle, ivi vingaŵa kuti vikaŵa viheni waka. Pulofesa Fyle wakati, pali ukaboni wakuti ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakachemanga chigaŵa ichi kuti Serra Lyoa pambere chaka cha 1462 chindafike. Ichi chikung'anamura kuti uyo wakalemba zina la Sierra Leone tikumanya yayi. Pakati pajumpha nyengo yicoko waka kufuma apo Sintra wakendera, ŵamalonda ŵa ku Portugal ŵakamba kwiza ku dowoko ili. Kuzakafika mu 1495, ŵakaŵa kuti ŵazenga malo ghakukhora gha malonda mumphepete mwa nyanja. Ŵamalonda ŵakufuma ku vyaru vya ku Europe nga ni Netherlands, England, na France nawo ŵakamba kwiza ku Sierra Leone na kukhazikiska malo ghakuguliskirako. Mwaluŵiro, malo agha ghakamba kuguliska ŵazga, awo ŵakiza na ŵamalonda ŵakufuma mu vyaru vinyake. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵakapelekanga ndalama za renti, msonkho, na malonda kwa fumu ya mu cigaŵa. Ŵamalonda ŵa ku Africa na ku Europe ndiwo ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito nga ni ŵimiliri. Sir Francis Drake wakafika ku Sierra Leone pa Julayi 22, 1580. Chirwa cha Bunce, icho chili mumphepete mwa Mlonga wa Sierra Leone, ndicho ŵakaguliskanga ŵazga ku Europe. Kufikira apo dango la malonda gha ŵazga likakhazikiskikira mu 1807, cirwa ici cikendeskekanga na kampani ya ku London yakucemeka Grant, Oswald & Company, iyo yikakhalanga pa cirwa ici mu 1748.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Bury the Chains|last=Hochschild|first=Adam|author-link=Adam Hochschild|publisher=Mariner Books|year=2006|isbn=978-0-618-10469-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/burychainsprophe00hoch/page/25 25]|url=https://archive.org/details/burychainsprophe00hoch/page/25}}</ref><ref name="Sibthorpe">{{Cite book |last =Sibthorpe |first =A. B. C. |title =The History of Sierra Leone |page=7|publisher=Routledge |isbn =978-0-7146-1769-5 |year =1970}}</ref><ref> Christopher Fyfe, ''A History of Sierra Leone'', Introduction.</ref> === Ŵakavu ŵa ku London === Kuumaliro wa vyaka vya m'ma 1800, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa na America ŵakakhumbanga kuvikilirika na boma la Britain. Pakaŵa vikwi na vikwi vya ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Black Loyalists, ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakanjira usilikari wa Britain pa nyengo ya Nkhondo ya ku America. Ŵanandi mwa ŵanthu aŵa ŵakaŵa ŵazga awo ŵakachimbira kuti ŵakateŵetere ku Britain. Buku la ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Negro likulongosora za ŵazga ŵanandi awo ŵakafwatuka ku wuzga ku United States. Awo ŵakakolerananga na wuzga ŵakasuskanga ŵanthu ŵakavu ŵa mtundu wa Black kuti ndiwo ŵakapangiska vigeŵenga vinandi ku London. Nangauli mu muzi uwu mukaŵa ŵanakazi ŵanandi, kweni ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu chigaŵa ichi ŵakaŵa ŵanalume pera. Edward Long, uyo wakaŵa mweneko wa ŵazga, wakasuskanga nthengwa za ŵanalume ŵazungu na ŵanakazi ŵazungu. Ndipouli, pa ulendo wa pakati pa Plymouth, England, na Sierra Leone, ŵanakazi na ŵawoli 70 ŵa ku Europe ŵakaluta nawo. Ŵanandi ku London ŵakaghanaghananga kuti para ŵangaluta ku Sierra Leone mbwenu ŵazamuleka ukavu. Nkhwantha yinyake yakuchemeka Henry Smeathman ndiyo yikalemba ndondomeko iyi ndipo yikakondweska ŵanthu nga ni Granville Sharp. Nyengo yichoko waka, ŵalara ŵa boma nawo ŵakamba kunjilirapo pa ndondomeko iyi, nangauli ŵakakondwa comene cifukwa cakuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakavu ŵakeneranga kusamira kunyake. William Pitt Muwukirano, nduna yikuru ndiposo mulongozgi wa chipani cha Tory, wakakhumbanga comene kuti ndondomeko iyi yikwendere makora cifukwa wakawonanga kuti ni nthowa yakuwezgera ŵakavu ku Africa, cifukwa "ŵakaŵa ŵakukhumbikwa kuti ŵatumizgike ku malo ghanyake, mwakuti ŵaleke kutangwanika comene mu misewu ya London".<ref name="Siva2021">{{cite journal|first1=Michael|last1=Siva|title=Why Did the Black Poor of London Not Support the Sierra Leone Resettlement Scheme?|journal=History Matters Journal|volume=1|issue=2|date=Winter 2021|pages=25–47}}</ref> === Chigaŵa cha Ufulu === Mu Janyuwale 1787, sitima ya Atlantic na ya Belisarius zikanyamuka kuluta ku Sierra Leone, kweni nyengo yiheni yikapangiska kuti ŵalute ku Plymouth. Ŵanyake 24 ŵakafumiskika, ndipo ŵanyake 23 ŵakacimbira. Paumaliro, mu Epulero 1787, ŵanthu 411 ŵakaluta ku Sierra Leone. Pa ulendo wa pakati pa Plymouth na Sierra Leone, ŵanthu 96 ŵakafwa.<ref name=Siva2021/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blackloyalist.com/canadiandigitalcollection/story/exodus/company.htm |title=&#124; Black Loyalist Heritage Society |access-date=19 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928222047/http://blackloyalist.com/canadiandigitalcollection/story/exodus/company.htm |archive-date=28 September 2007 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.plymouth.gov.uk/gustavusvassa |title=Gustavus Vassa: Olaudah Equiano |publisher=Plymouth City Council |access-date=19 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013064927/http://www.plymouth.gov.uk/gustavusvassa |archive-date=13 October 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/sierraleone.htm|title=Economic History of Sierra Leone|access-date=10 October 2016|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200704/http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/sierraleone.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu 1787, boma la Britain likakhazikiska malo ghanyake mu Sierra Leone agho ghakachemekanga "Chigaŵa cha Wanangwa". Pa Meyi 15, 1787, ŵanthu pafupifupi 400 ŵa mitundu yinyake na 60 ŵa mitundu yinyake ŵakafika ku Sierra Leone. Ŵakati ŵakhazikiska tawuni ya Granville, ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakakhalanga mu tawuni iyi ŵakafwa chifukwa cha matenda na nkhondo izo ŵakachitanga na ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa (Temne). Apo ngaraŵa zikafumanga mu Seputembala, unandi wawo ukaŵa "ŵanthu 276, ŵanalume ŵaŵisi 212, ŵanakazi ŵaŵisi 30, ŵanalume ŵazungu 5 na ŵanakazi ŵazungu 29". Ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalako ŵakacicizga mulongozgi munyake wa ku Africa kuti waŵapoke caru, kweni iyo wakawezgera, wakawukira cigaŵa ici, ico cikaŵa na ŵanthu 64 pera. Ŵamalonda ŵambura mahara ŵakakoranga ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake na kuŵaguliska nga mbazga. Ŵanthu 64 awo ŵakakhalako ŵakakhazikiska tawuni yaciŵiri ya Granville.<ref>{{Cite book |last = Pham |first = John-Peter |title = Child Soldiers, Adult Interests: The Global Dimensions of the Sierra Leonean Tragedy |publisher = Nova Publishers |year = 2005 |pages = 4–8 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnPFKpwoIkIC&pg=PA4 |isbn = 978-1-59454-671-6 |access-date = 17 June 2014}}</ref><ref>Michael Sivapragasam, ''Why Did Black Londoners Not Join the Sierra Leone Resettlement Scheme 1783–1815?'' London: Open University, 2013.</ref> === Ŵanthu ŵa ku Nova Scotia === {{Main|Nova Scotian Settlers}} Pamanyuma pa Nkhondo Yakwamba ya ku America, ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 3,000 awo ŵakaŵa ŵakugomezgeka ku ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake ŵakakhalanga ku Nova Scotia. Ŵakazenga tawuni ya Birchtown, kweni ŵakasuzgika na nyengo yakuzizima ya ku mpoto kweniso kusankhana mitundu. Thomas Peters wakapempha boma la Britain kuti liŵawovwire; pamoza na John Clarkson, uyo wakawovwirapo pa nkhani ya kuswa malango, ŵakakhazikiska kampani ya Sierra Leone Company kuti yikawovwire ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Black Loyalists awo ŵakakhumbanga kuluta ku West Africa. Mu 1792 ŵanthu pafupifupi 1,200 ŵakufuma ku Nova Scotia ŵakambuka Nyanja ya Atlantic kuti ŵakazenge cigaŵa caciŵiri ca Sierra Leone. Ku Sierra Leone ŵakacemekanga kuti New Scotian Settlers, New Scotians, panji Settlers. Pakwamba Clarkson wakazomerezga yayi kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalapo mu tawuni ya Granville ŵanjire mu tawuni yiphya iyi. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakazenga msumba wa Freetown mwakuyana na umo ŵakachitiranga kumwera kwa America. Kweniso ŵanthu ŵanandi mu Freetown ŵakalutilira kusopa ŵa Methodist. Mu ma 1790, ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu tawuni iyi, kusazgapo ŵanakazi, ŵakavota kakwamba. Mu 1792, mu Britain, ŵanakazi ndiwo ŵakamba kuŵa na wanangwa wa kuvota. Ŵanthu ŵafipa awo ŵakakhalanga ku Sierra Leone ŵakaŵa na wanangwa ukuru kuluska ŵazungu awo ŵakakhalanga ku Europe. Ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake ŵakasankhanga ŵimiliri ŵa ndyali ŵa vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana, awo ŵakamanyikwanga kuti 'ŵanthu ŵa chakhumi,' awo ŵakimiranga ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakakhalanga mu charu ichi. Mu Nova Scotia mukaŵavya ndondomeko iyi. Pakwamba, chikaŵa chakusuzga chomene kuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe mu Freetown. Boma likapeleka yayi vinthu vyakukhumbikwa pa umoyo wa ŵanthu, ndipo ŵakukhalamo ŵakasuzgikanga comene na malonda gha ŵazga na uheni wa kuzgoka ŵazga.<ref>{{Cite book |last = Fyfe |first = Christopher |title = Our Children Free and Happy: Letters from Black Settlers in Africa in the 1790s|publisher = Edinburgh University Press |year = 1992}}</ref> === Ŵanthu ŵa ku Jamaica na Ŵafrika Awo Ŵakafwatuka === Wupu wa Sierra Leone Company, uwo ukendeskekanga na ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku London, ukakana kuzomerezga ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu charu ichi kuti ŵatore malo agha. Mu 1799, ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakagaluka. Boma la Jamaica likathereska ŵanthu awo ŵakagalukira boma ili, ndipo likaŵawovwira na ŵasilikari ŵakujumpha 500 awo ŵakafuma ku Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town) na kuluta ku Nova Scotia mu 1800. Pakulongozgeka na Koloneli Montague James, mbumba iyi yikawovwira ŵasilikari kuti ŵamazge chigaluka. Pa 1 Janyuwale, 1808, Thomas Ludlam, kazembe wa Sierra Leone Company na munthu wakulongozga pa nkhani ya kufumiska vigeŵenga, wakapeleka chikalata cha kampani iyi. Ici cikapangiska kuti ŵaleke kwendeska koloni kwa vilimika 16. Boma la Britain likambaso kuzenga kampani ya Sierra Leone Company kuti yiŵe wupu wakuwona vya ku Africa. Ŵabali ŵake ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Britain, awo ŵakakhumbanga kukhuŵilizga ŵamalonda ŵa ku Sierra Leone, kweniso awo ŵakakhumbanga kuti ŵagwirenge ntchito mu kampani ya Macauley & Babington Company. Pa nyengo yeneyira (panyuma pakuti malonda gha ŵazga ghalekeskeka mu 1807), ŵasilikari ŵa Royal Navy ŵakaluta na ŵazga ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa ku Freetown. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakaŵaguliskanga ndalama zakukwana madola 20 pa munthu yumoza. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakafwatuka ŵakaŵacitiranga nkhaza comene cifukwa ŵanji awo ŵakakhalanga mu caru ici ŵakaŵawonanga kuti mbanthu ŵawo. Ŵakati ŵafumako ku vyaru vyawo na mitheto yawo, ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakacicizgika kuzgoŵerana na ŵanthu ŵa ku Western. Mwaciyelezgero, ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa ku Africa ŵakacicizgika kusintha zina lawo na kulizunura ku ŵanthu ŵa ku Western. Nangauli ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakakondwa chomene na kusintha uku chifukwa ŵakawonanga kuti ntchigaŵa cha ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga nawo, kweni ŵanyake ŵakakondwa yayi na kusintha uku ndipo ŵakakhumbanga kulutilira kuŵa ŵekha. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakafwatuka ku wuzga ŵakaŵa ŵambura kukondwa mwakuti ŵakaleka Sierra Leone na kuwelera ku vikaya vyawo. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakafwatuka, ŵakasintha mitheto yawo kuti yikolerane na ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Nova Scotia, Maroons, na ŵa ku Europe. Apo ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakafwatuka ku wuzga ŵakendanga makora na kuthandazga Chikhristu mu vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa, ŵakatorana na ŵanthu ŵa ku Nova Scotia na Maroons. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakafuma ku vigaŵa vinandi vya mu Africa, kweni comene ŵakaŵa ŵa ku mizi ya kumanjiliro gha dazi. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800, ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku vyaru vya ku Africa na ku Liberia awo ŵakaŵa ŵakufwatuka ku wuzga, kweniso ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku vyaru vya ku Caribbean, chomenechomene ŵa ku Jamaica, nawo ŵakaluta ku Freetown. Ŵanthu aŵa pamoza ndiwo ŵakapangiska mtundu wa Krio na chiyowoyero cha Cireole chakuchemeka English (Krio), icho ni chiyowoyero icho ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya mu charu ichi.<ref name=Thayer>{{cite book|last=Thayer|first=James Steel |year=1991 |title=A Dissenting View of Creole Culture in Sierra Leone|pages= 215–230}} https://www.persee.fr/doc/cea_0008-0055_1991_num_31_121_2116</ref><ref name=Browne-Davies>{{cite book|last= Browne-Davies|first=Nigel |year=2014 |title=A Precis of Sources relating to genealogical research on the Sierra Leone Krio people}} Journal of Sierra Leone Studies, Vol. 3; Edition 1, 2014 https://www.academia.edu/40720522/A_Precis_of_Sources_relating_to_genealogical_research_on_the_Sierra_Leone_Krio_people</ref><ref name=Walker>{{cite book|last=Walker |first=James W |year=1992 |chapter=Chapter Five: Foundation of Sierra Leone |title=The Black Loyalists: The Search for a Promised Land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone, 1783–1870 |location=Toronto |publisher=University of Toronto Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/blackloyalistsse0000walk/page/94 94]–114 |url=https://archive.org/details/blackloyalistsse0000walk |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-8020-7402-7}}, originally published by Longman & Dalhousie University Press (1976).</ref><ref name="Taylor">{{cite book |last=Taylor |first=Bankole Kamara |title=Sierra Leone: The Land, Its People and History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I__jAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA68 |date=February 2014 |publisher=New Africa Press |isbn=9789987160389 |page=68}}</ref> === Nyengo ya Chikoloni (1800-1961) === {{Main|Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate}} [[File: Bai Bureh.jpg|thumb|upright=0.99|Bai Bureh, Mulongozgi wa Temne wa Nkhondo ya msonkho ya mu 1898 yakususkana na boma la Britain]] Ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone awo ŵakakhalanga mu charu ichi m'ma 1800, ŵakaŵa ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakiza mu charu ichi mu 1807. Para ŵafika ku Sierra Leone, waliyose ŵakapelekanga nambara yake ya kulembeska, ndipo uthenga wakukhwaskana na umo waliri ukalembekanga mu buku la ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakafwatuka. Kanandi mabuku agha ghakaŵanga gha ŵanthu yayi ndipo ghakaŵanga na malemba ghambura kwenelera. Kweniso, mphambano pakati pa Register of Liberated Africans of 1808 na List of Captured Negroes of 1812 (iyo yikayananga na chikalata cha 1808) yikulongora kuti pakaŵa mphambano pakati pa mazina gha ŵanthu awo ŵakakoleka; ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakakoleka ŵakasankha kusintha mazina ghawo kuti ghaŵe gha Chingelezi. Kukwambilira kwa vyaka vya m'ma 1800, Freetown yikaŵa malo ghakukhala kazembe wa Britain uyo wakalamuliranga chigaŵa cha Gold Coast (lero ni Ghana) na Gambia. Sierra Leone ndiyo yikaŵa likuru la masambiro mu Britain West Africa. Mu 1827, ŵa ku Britain ŵakambiska koleji ya Fourah Bay, iyo yikatora ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakayowoyanga Chingelezi. Kwa vyaka vyakujumpha 100, yunivesite iyi ndiyo yikaŵa ya ku Europe pera ku Africa. Samuel Ajayi Crowther wakaŵa musambiri wakwamba ku Fourah Bay. Nyengo yichoko waka, kholeji la Fourah Bay likakopa ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone na ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakakhumbanga kusambira masambiro ghapachanya ku British West Africa. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Nigeria, Ghana, Ivory Coast na ŵanyake ŵanandi, comenecomene awo ŵakasambiranga vya cisopa na masambiro. Msumba wa Freetown ukuchemeka "Athens wa ku Africa" chifukwa cha masukulu ghanandi ghawemi agho ghakaŵa mu msumba uwu.<ref>Nwauwa, Apollos O. (2003) Book review: "The Athens of West Africa: A History of International Education at Fourah Bay College, Freetown, Sierra Leone by Daniel J. Paracka Jr. New York: Routledge". ''[[Comparative Education Review]]'', Vol 49(4). [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/498200 Archived]. Retrieved 29 October 2021.</ref>[[File: Bai Bureh (1898).jpg|thumb|Mulongozgi wa Temne, Bai Bureh, wakuwoneka apa mu 1898 wati wajipeleka, wakukhala mwakufwasa mu munjilira wake wa cikaya na thumba mu mawoko, apo msilikari wa Sierra Leone West African Frontier Force wakwimilira pafupi nayo ]] Ŵanthu ŵa ku Britain ŵakenderananga chomene na ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Krio awo ŵakakhalanga ku Freetown. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Krios awo ŵakaŵa ŵasambizgi, ŵakaŵa na maudindo ghanandi mu boma la ku malo agha, ndipo ŵakaŵanga na maudindo ghapacanya. Pamanyuma pa ungano wa ku Berlin wa mu 1884-1885, ŵa ku Britain ŵakaghanaghana kuti ŵakwenera kuwusa vigaŵa vya mukati mwa charu kuti ŵafiske ivyo ŵamazaza ŵa ku Europe ŵakavizunura kuti "kuwusa makora". Mu 1896, charu ichi chikamba kulamulira vigaŵa ivi na kuvizgora vigaŵa vya Sierra Leone. Ntheura, Ŵanung'una ŵakamba kusazgirako mazaza ghawo mu chigaŵa ichi. Ŵakalembapo ŵanthu ŵa ku Britain kuti ŵateŵeterenge mu maofesi agha. Pa nyengo iyo ŵasilikari ŵa Britain ŵakatoranga Sierra Leone, ŵalongozgi ŵanandi ŵa kumpoto na kumwera kwa charu ichi ŵakasuskanga "msonkho wa nyumba" uwo ŵakakolerana nawo. Ku mpoto, kwambira mu 1820 m'paka mu 1906, kukaŵa mulongozgi wa Limba zina lake Almamy Suluku uyo wakalamuliranga chigaŵa chake kwa vyaka vinandi, wakarwa kuti wavikilire chigaŵa chake, uku wakuchita vinthu mwauryarya kuti wapusike ŵalongozgi ŵa boma apo wakatumanga ŵasilikari kuti ŵawovwire Bai Bureh, mulongozgi wakuzirwa wa Temne mu Kasseh uyo wakarwa na "msonkho wa nyumba" wa ŵalongozgi ŵa vyaru. Nkhondo iyi yikamanyikwa kuti Nkhondo ya Msonkho. Munthu munyake wakumanyikwa mu mbiri ya Sierra Leone ni Bai Sherbro (c. 1830–1912). Bai Sherbro wakaŵa mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari ndipo wakakhalanga pa cirwa ca Bonthe, kumwera ca kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa caru ici. Nga ni Bai Bureh, nayo wakalimbana na ŵa ku Britain. Sherbro wakatumaso ŵasilikari ŵake kuti ŵawovwire Bai Bureh pakurwa nkhondo na ŵa ku Britain. Sherbro wakaŵa wankhongono comene ndipo Ŵanandi ŵakamopanga comene. Bai Sherbro ŵakamukora ndipo pamoza na Bai Bureh, ŵakaluta ku Gold Coast (uko sono ni Ghana). Nyagua (c. 1842-1906), uyo wakumanyikwaso kuti "Traking King", wakaŵa fumu yankhongono iyo yikapoka vigaŵa vinandi ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakiza kuti ŵamuvikilire. Nyagua nayo wakalimbana na Ŵanandi. Pakumanya kuti wakaŵa na nkhongono yayi, wakacita uryarya. Pa nyengo yeneyiyo pera, wakatuma ŵasilikari ŵake kuti ŵakawovwire Bai Bureh kulimbana na Ŵabritani. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, ŵa ku Britain ŵakapoka msumba wa Nyagua, ndipo nayo ŵakamujalira ku Gold Coast. Madam Yoko (c. 1849-1906) wakaŵa mwanakazi wa maluso ndiposo wakujiŵikamo. Wakagwiliskira nchito luso lake la kuyowoyeskana makora na ŵanthu kuti waŵakhorweske kuti ŵamupe mazaza gha Kpaa Mende. Wakagwiliskira ntchito vyamaseŵera kuti wayowoye na ŵalongozgi ŵanandi ŵa mu chigaŵa ichi awo ŵakagomezganga yayi kuti wali paubwezi na Ŵanandi. Cifukwa cakuti Madam Yoko wakawovwira ŵa ku Britain, ŵalongozgi ŵanyake ŵakagaluka, ndipo Yoko wakabisama mu nyumba za ŵapolisi. Chifukwa cha kugomezgeka kwake, Fumukazi Victoria yikamupa mendulo ya siliva. M'paka mu 1906, Madam Yoko ndiyo wakaŵa mulongozgi mu ufumu uphya wa Britain. Vikuwoneka kuti wakajikoma apo wakaŵa na vilimika 55, panji cifukwa cakuti ŵanthu ŵakwake ŵakamovwira yayi.[[File:SierraLeoneP016.tiff|thumb|Mlonga wa Moa, Sierra Leone. Ŵabali Lisk-Carew, ku Freetown, Sierra Leone]] Ŵanji awo ŵakakhalanga mu vigaŵa ivi ŵakasuzgikanga chomene chifukwa chakuti Ŵamboni ŵa ku Britain ŵakakanizganga ŵalongozgi ŵa vigaŵa ivi. Ŵakapanga ŵalongozgi kuti ŵaŵe ŵamazaza, m'malo mwa kucita nawo mwakudumura nga umo ŵakacitiranga kale. Ŵakalutilira yayi kukolerana na ŵabwezi ŵawo, nga ni Bai Bureh, uyo pamasinda ŵakamuzunura kuti ndiyo wakambiska nkhondo ya msonkho.<ref name="Abraham">{{cite journal |title = Bai Bureh, The British, and the Hut Tax War |last = Abraham |first = Arthur |journal = [[The International Journal of African Historical Studies]] |issn = 0361-7882 |volume = 7 |issue = 1 |year = 1974 |pages = 99–106 |doi = 10.2307/216556 |jstor = 216556}}</ref> [[File: British Expeditionary Force in Freetown, 1919.jpg|thumb|Ŵasilikari ŵa Britain ŵa ku West Africa ku Freetown, 1914-1916. Mazgu gha pa kapepara aka ghakuti: "Ŵasilikari ŵa ku Britain ŵakunozgekera kunjira mu Freetown kuti ŵarwe na ŵa German Cameroons, ndipo chiŵiya chikuru cha nkhondo iyi chikaŵa dowoko la Duala. Ŵalwani ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito ŵasilikari ŵa ku Africa".]] Mu 1898, Koloneli Frederic Cardew, kazembe wa ŵasilikari ŵa ku Britain, wakaŵika msonkho uphya pa nyumba ndipo wakapempha ŵalongozgi kuti ŵagwiliskirenge ntchito ŵanthu ŵawo pakunozga misewu. Kanandi misonkho yikaŵanga yikuru kuluska mtengo wa nyumba izo ŵakakhalanga, ndipo ŵalongozgi 24 ŵakalemba chikalata ku Cardew, kulongora kuti ivi vikaŵa vyakupweteka chomene. Ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga mu mizi iyi ŵakakhalanga yayi. Ŵakakananga kupeleka msonkho, ŵakamba kukayikira awo ŵakaŵalongozganga, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti paŵe nkhondo ya msonkho ya mu 1898. Ŵabali ŵa ku Britain ndiwo ŵakamba kuwombera. Gulu la kumwera ilo likaŵa na ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Mende, likamba kurwa nkhondo pamanyuma pa nkhondo iyi. Kwa myezi yinandi, ŵasilikari ŵa Bureh ŵakaluska ŵasilikari ŵa Britain awo ŵakaŵa ŵankhongono comene, kweni wose ŵakafwa. Bureh wakajipeleka pa Novembala 11, 1898, kuti wamazge kuparanyika kwa malo na nyumba za ŵanthu ŵake. Nangauli boma la Britain likakhumbanga kuti ŵasilikari ŵaleke kuŵachitira nkhaza, kweni Cardew wakalutilira kutuma mulongozgi na ŵabwezi ŵake ŵaŵiri ku caru ca Gold Coast. Bureh wakazomerezgeka kuwelera mu 1905, apo wakambiraso kuwusa Kasseh. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Temne na Mende ŵakati ŵathereskeka mu nkhondo ya Hut Tax, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamba kulimbana na boma la Colonial, kweni nyengo zinyake kukaŵanga vivulupi na vivulupi. Mu 1955 na 1956, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakakhwaskika na vivulupi.<ref>Killson, Martin (1966), ''Political Change in a West African State: A Study of the Modernization Process in Sierra Leone'', Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 60; also pp. 106, 107, 110, 111, 186–188 on other riots and strikes.</ref>[[File: The Royal Navy during the Second World War A24465.jpg|thumb|Ŵalongozgi ŵa ŵasilikari ŵa ku Africa ŵakiza kwa kazembe wa Sierra Leone, Sir Hubert Stevenson.]] Mu 1928, ŵazga awo ŵakakhalanga mu nyumba za ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakamara.<ref>{{cite web |author=The Committee Office, House of Commons |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmintdev/923/923m21.htm |title=House of Commons – International Development – Memoranda |publisher=Publications.parliament.UK |date=6 March 2006 |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-date=22 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722035235/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmintdev/923/923m21.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>Cinthu cinyake ico cikacitika mu 1935, nchakuti De Beers wakapeleka wanangwa wa kunozga vinthu vyakuthupi ku Sierra Leone Selection Trust. Iyo wakakhumbanga kuti boma ili liŵepo kwa vyaka 98. Ku chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi, ŵanthu ŵakamba kuguliska dayamondi na vinthu vinyake vyakuthupi. Mu 1924, boma la Britain likagaŵa charu cha Sierra Leone kuŵa vigaŵa viŵiri. Malo agha ghakaŵa Freetown na chigaŵa cha mumphepete mwa nyanja. Mu 1947, ŵanthu ŵakamba kudumbiskana chomene nkhani za ndyali pakati pa vyaru viŵiri ivi. Ŵalongozgi ŵanandi ŵa boma ili ndiwo ŵakaŵaphalira kuti ŵanozge nthowa iyi. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Krio, awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Isaac Wallace-Johnson, ŵakasuska fundo izi, cifukwa mphanyi zikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Krio ŵaleke kuŵa na mazaza pa ndyali. Mu 1951, Lamina Sankoh (wakubabika Etheldred Jones) wakakolerana na ŵalongozgi ŵakusambira ŵa vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana, kusazgapo Sir Milton Margai, Siaka Stevens, Mohamed Sanusi Mustapha, John Karefa-Smart, Kande Bureh, Sir Albert Margai, Amadu Wurie na Sir Banja Tejan-Sie ŵakakolerana na ŵalongozgi ŵankhongono mu vigaŵa ivi kuti ŵapange chipani cha Sierra Leone People's Party panji SLPP nga ni chipani cha vigaŵa ivi. Ŵalongozgi ŵa SLPP, awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Sir Milton Margai, ŵakadumbiskana na ŵa ku Britain na ŵa ku Krio awo ŵakakhalanga ku Freetown kuti ŵaŵe na wanangwa. Cifukwa ca ndyali za Milton Margai, ŵanthu ŵakusambira comene ŵa mu caru ca Protectorate ŵakakolerana na ŵalongozgi ŵacikulu comene ŵa mu caru ici. Pamasinda, Margai wakagwiliskira nchito maluso agha kuti wapusike ŵalongozgi ŵa visopa vyautesi na ŵanthu ŵa Krio kuti ŵaŵe ŵakujiyimira pawekha. Mu Novembala 1951, Margai wakawoneseska kuti palembeke dango liphya, ilo likakolerana na maboma ghaŵiri, la Colonial na Protectorate. Mu 1953, boma la Sierra Leone likapika mazaza gha ŵalara ŵa boma ndipo Margai wakasankhika kuŵa nduna yikuru ya boma. Ndondomeko yiphya ya malango yikawovwira kuti Sierra Leone yiŵe na boma laparamende. Mu Meyi 1957, ku Sierra Leone kukachitika chisankho chakwamba. Gulu la SLPP ndilo likaŵa la ndyali lakutchuka chomene mu Sierra Leone kweniso likaŵa na ŵakaronga ŵankhongono mu vigaŵa. === Ungano wa 1960 === Pa Epulero 20, 1960, Milton Margai wakalongozga gulu la ŵanthu 24 ŵa ku Sierra Leone pa ungano wa malango uwo ukachitikira ku London pamoza na Queen Elizabeth II na Secretary of Colonial Affairs Iain Macleod.<ref name="Murtala Mohammed Kamara">{{cite web |url=http://news.sl/drwebsite/publish/printer_200517413.shtml |title=Sierra Leone was ripe for Independence: Exclusive interview with Reginald Boltman |publisher=News.sl |date=28 February 2011 |author=Murtala Mohammed Kamara |access-date=17 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126085732/http://news.sl/drwebsite/publish/printer_200517413.shtml |archive-date=26 November 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Momoh">{{cite web|last=Momoh |first=John |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201105040814.html |title=Sierra Leone: Viewpoint – Celebrating a New Nation! |publisher=allAfrica.com |date=4 May 2011 |access-date=20 May 2012}}</ref> Paumaliro wa kudumbiskana ku London pa 4 Meyi 1960, United Kingdom yikazomera kupeleka wanangwa ku Sierra Leone pa 27 Epulero 1961.<ref name="Murtala Mohammed Kamara"/><ref name="Momoh"/> === Kujiyimira pawekha (1961) na Margai Administration (1961~1964) === Pa Epulero 27, 1961, Milton Margai wakalongozga Sierra Leone kuti wapoke wanangwa kufuma ku Britain ndipo wakaŵa nduna yikuru yakwamba ya charu ichi. Sierra Leone yikaŵa na nyumba yake ya malango na nduna yikuru, ndipo yikaŵa na wanangwa wa kupanga malango ghake, kweni nga ni vyaru nga ni Canada na Australia, Sierra Leone yikaŵa "Dominion" ndipo Fumukazi Elizabeth yikaŵa Fumukazi ya Dominion ya Sierra Leone.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kargbo|first1=Michael S.|title=British Foreign Policy and the Conflict in Sierra Leone, 1991–2001|date=2006|publisher=Peter Lang|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tfW5ACrYksQC&pg=PA70|pages=70|isbn=9783039103324|access-date=19 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Fyle|first=Magbaily C.|title=Historical Dictionary of Sierra Leone|date=2006|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn=978-0-8108-5339-3|pages=XVII–XXII|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000fyle}}</ref> Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakiza mu misewu kuti ŵakondwe. Charu cha Sierra Leone chikaŵa na boma laparamendi ndipo chikaŵa mu wupu wa Commonwealth of Nations. Mulongozgi wa chipani cha All People's Congress (APC), Siaka Stevens, pamoza na Isaac Wallace-Johnson, uyo nayo wakususka boma la SLPP, ŵakakakika na kuŵikika mu jele ku Freetown, pamoza na ŵanthu ŵanyake 16 awo ŵakapika mulandu wa kunanga viphikiro vya wanangwa. Mu Meyi 1962, ku Sierra Leone kukachitika chisankho chakwamba. Chipani cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) chikapokera vithuzi vinandi mu nyumba ya malango, ndipo Milton Margai wakasankhikaso kuŵa nduna yikuru. Mu nyengo iyo Margai wakaŵa na mazaza, ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakamutemwanga chomene. Wakacitanga vimbundi yayi nesi kujilongora kuti wali na nkhongono. Iyo wakambiska boma lakwendera dango na kugaŵikana kwa maufumu, na maboma gha vyaru vinandi na mawupu ghakwimira ŵanthu. Margai wakagwiliskira nchito maghanoghano ghake kuti walongozge Sierra Leone. Wakimika ŵalara ŵa boma kuti ŵimilire mafuko ghakupambanapambana. Margai wakagwiliskiranga ntchito ndyali, kugaŵana mazaza pakati pa magulu gha ndyali na magulu gha vyakukhumba vya ŵanthu; comenecomene ŵakaronga ŵankhongono mu vigaŵa, awo ŵanandi ŵakaŵa ŵabwezi ŵa boma lake. === Pamanyuma pa nyifwa ya Milton Margai na Albert Margai (1964-1967) === Milton Margai wakati wafwa mwamabuci mu 1964, nyumba ya boma yikamusankha kuti waŵe nduna yikuru. Ulongozgi wa Sir Albert ukasuskika na nduna ya vyaru vya kuwaro John Karefa-Smart, uyo wakadandawura kuti Sir Albert ndiyo wakeneranga kulongozga SLPP. Karefa-Smart wakalongozga chipani chichoko chomene mukati mwa chipani cha SLPP pakususkana na Albert Margai pakuŵa Prime Minister. Ndipouli, Karefa-Smart wakatondeka kusanga wovwiri ukuru mukati mwa SLPP mu kuyezga kwake kufumiska Albert Margai nga ni mulongozgi wa SLPP na Prime Minister. Ŵabali ŵanandi ŵa SLPP ŵakakolerana na Albert Margai kuluska Karefa-Smart. Mwaluŵiro Albert Margai wakati walapa kuŵa Nduna Yikuru, wakachimbizga ŵalaraŵalara ŵanandi ŵa boma awo ŵakateŵeteranga mu boma la mukuru wake, Sir Milton. Sir Albert wakachitanga vinthu mwakukolerana na ivyo ŵanthu ŵakayowoyanga, ndipo wakapangiska malango ghanandi kuti wakanizge chipani cha All People's Congress.<ref name="Murtala Mohammed Kamara"/><ref name="Momoh"/> Sir Albert wakasuskanga fundo yakuti ŵalara ŵa boma ndiwo ŵaŵe na mazaza gha kuwusa, ndipo ŵanandi mwa iwo ŵakaŵa ŵabwezi ŵa mukuru wake Milton. Ntheura, ŵakamba kuwona kuti Sir Albert ni munthu uyo wangatimbanizga maboma gha mu caru cose. Margai wakasora ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakaŵa ŵa mtundu wa Creole yayi kuti ŵateŵeterenge boma mu Freetown. Ntheura, ŵanthu ŵa ku Creole ŵakamutemwanga yayi Albert Margai. Margai ŵakamupusikizgira kuti wakutemwa ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wake wa Mende. Mu 1967, mu Freetown mukawuka vivulupi chifukwa cha ivyo Margai wakachitanga. Sir Albert ŵakamusanga na mulandu wa vimbundi kweniso wa kutemwera mtundu wa Mende. Sir Albert Margai wakatora mazaza ndipo wakakhumbanga kuti ŵasilikari ŵa Mende ŵaŵe ŵakukolerana. Kweniso wakayezga kusintha Sierra Leone kufuma ku boma la demokilase kuya ku boma la chipani cimoza. Nangauli wakaŵa na wovwiri wose wa ŵasilikari ŵa caru ici, kweni wakacema kuti paŵe maungano ghakufwatuka na ghakugomezgeka.<ref name="Time">{{cite magazine |title=End of The Exception |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,941075,00.html |magazine=Time |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629005010/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,941075,00.html?iid=chix-sphere |archive-date=29 June 2011 |date=31 March 1967 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|title=SAGE Journals: Your gateway to world-class journal research|journal=Journal of Conflict Resolution|volume=60|issue=4|pages=587–616|doi=10.1177/0022002714545332|year = 2016|last1 = Harkness|first1 = Kristen A.|hdl=10023/9391|s2cid=54538341|hdl-access=free}}</ref> === 1967 Masankhiro gha Wupu Wakulongozga na vimbundi vya ŵasilikari (1967~1968) === Chipani cha APC, pamoza na mulongozgi wake Siaka Stevens, chikapokera vithuzithuzi vinandi mu Nyumba ya Malamulo kuluska chipani cha SLPP mu 1967 pa mavoti gha mavoti gha mavoti. Stevens wakalapa kuŵa nduna yikuru pa March 21, 1967. Pakati pajumpha maora ghacoko waka kufuma apo wakambira kuwusa, Stevens wakawuskika pa udindo mu boma mwa kuwukira boma kwambura kuthiska ndopa. Wakaŵa mubwezi wa Albert Margai, uyo wakamusankha mu 1964. Lansana wakamujalira Stevens mu nyumba yake ku Freetown ndipo wakakhumbanga kuti nduna yikuru yilindilire pambere ŵandyali ŵa fuko ili ŵandaŵepo pa maungano. Pamanyuma pake Steven wakafwatuka ndipo wakafumamo mu caru ici na kuluta ku caru ca Guinea. Ndipouli, pa March 23, 1967, gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa ku Sierra Leone Army awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Brigadier General Andrew Juxon-Smith, ŵakachita chipani chakususkana na Mulara Lansana. Ŵakapoka boma, ŵakakora Lansana, na kukanizga dango la boma. Gulu ili likambiska National Reformation Council (NRC), ndipo Andrew Juxon-Smith ndiyo wakaŵa mulongozgi wake kweniso mulongozgi wa boma. Pa 18 Epulero 1968 gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa pasi mu gulu la ŵasilikari la Sierra Leone awo ŵakajichemanga kuti Anti-Corruption Revolutionary Movement (ACRM), awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Brigadier General John Amadu Bangura, ŵakawuskapo boma la NRC. Boma la ACRM likakaka ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa mu NRC. Ŵakawezgerapo malango gha boma na kuwezgera mazaza kwa Stevens, uyo paumaliro wakaŵa nduna yikuru. Mu 1970, Stevens wakakaka Bangura na kumupa mulandu wa uryarya. Wakasangika na mulandu na kweruzgika kuti wakomeke, nangauli wakaŵa Bangura uyo wakacitiska kuti Stevens wawelere ku mazaza. Brigadier Lansana na Hinga Norman, ŵalara ŵa ŵasilikari awo ŵakacitako nkhondo yakwamba (1967), ŵakafumiskika mu usilikari ndipo ŵakakakika. Norman wakaŵa msilikari wa kazembe mukuru, Sir Henry Lightfoot-Boston. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, Lansana wakeruzgika ndipo ŵakamusanga na mulandu wa upusikizgi, ndipo ŵakamuphalira kuti wakomeke mu 1975.<ref name="Humphrey" /> === Boma la chipani cimoza na kwamba kwa "Republic" (1968-1991) === [[File: All People's Congress political rally Sierra Leone 1968.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Msonkhano wa ndale wa APC kumpoto kwa tawuni ya Kabala kunja kwa nyumba ya othandizira chipani cha SLPP mu 1968]] Mu 1968, Stevens wakambaso kuwusa nga ni nduna yikuru, pamanyuma pa vimbundi vinandi. Ŵanthu ŵakamugomezganga comene cifukwa cakuti wakacitanga ndyali. Stevens wakacitanga kampeni ya kuwunjika mafuko ghose pamoza mwakuyana na fundo za cisopa. Mu vyaka 10 vyakwambilira apo wakaŵa na mazaza, Stevens wakambiraso kudumbiskana vinthu vinyake ivyo wakavichema kuti "ndondomeko zambura ntchito" izo ŵakamuteŵeterapo, Albert Margai wa SLPP na Juxon-Smith wa NRC. Maboma ghanyake gha SLPP na NRC ghakayowoya kuti ghapangiska kuti caru ciŵe mu suzgo.<ref name="Humphrey" /> Stevens wakambaso kunozga malo ghakupangira mafuta, hotelo ya Cape Sierra iyo yikaŵa ya boma, na fakitare ya simenti. Wakakanaso mulimo wa Juxon-Smith wa kuzenga tchalitchi na mosque pa malo gha Victoria Park (lero ghakumanyikwa kuti Freetown Amusement Park) kwambira mu 2017. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, Stevens wakamba kovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵende makora pakati pa vigaŵa ivi na msumba wa Freetown. Ŵakazenga misewu na vipatala mu vigaŵa ivi, ndipo ŵalongozgi na ŵanthu ŵa mu vigaŵa ivi ŵakaŵa na mazaza chomene mu Freetown. Pakuti ŵanthu ŵakayezga kumugalukira, Stevens wakalutilira kuŵa na mazaza, ndipo ubwezi wake na ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakamukhozganga ukakhora. Ŵanyake ŵakagomezganga kuti wakawuskapo chipani cha SLPP mu ndyali mwa kugwiliskira nchito nkhaza na kucitiska wofi. Kuti ŵasilikari ŵalutilire kumovwira, Stevens wakasankha John Amadu Bangura kuŵa mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone. Pamanyuma pakuti boma la ŵanthu ŵambura mulandu lawelera ku boma, mavoti ghacigaŵa ghakacitika (kwamba mu 1968), ndipo boma la APC likimikika. Kweni pakaŵavya mtende. Mu Novembala 1968, masuzgo agho ghakaŵapo mu vigaŵa vikuruvikuru vikapangiska Stevens kuti wapharazge kuti mu charu chose muli suzgo. Ŵalaraŵalara ŵanandi ŵa ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone ŵakakhuŵara chomene na ivyo Stevens wakachitanga kweniso umo wakachitiranga na ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone, kweni pakaŵavya uyo wakalimbana nayo. Mulara wa ŵasilikari, Bangura, uyo wakawezgerapo Stevens kuŵa nduna yikuru, wakawonekanga kuti ndiyo yekha wangawusa Stevens. Gulu la ŵasilikari likaŵa lakujipeleka comene kwa Bangura, ndipo ici cikapangiska kuti waŵe wakofya comene kwa Stevens. Mu Janyuwale 1970, Bangura ŵakamukora na kumupa mulandu wa kuwukira boma la Stevens. Bangura wakati wapika mulandu kwa myezi yicoko waka, ŵakamusanga na mulandu ndipo ŵakamuphalira kuti wakomeke. Pa Malichi 29, 1970, Brigadier Bangura wakakomeka mu Freetown. Bangura wakati wakomeka, gulu la ŵasilikari awo ŵakagomezgeka kwa mulara wa ŵasilikari uyo wakakomeka, ŵakagalukira boma la Stevens mu Freetown na mu vigaŵa vinyake. Ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵakakakika na kweruzgika na khoti la ku Freetown chifukwa cha kunjilirapo pa kuwukira pulezidenti. Pakati pa ŵasilikari awo ŵakakakika pakaŵa mulara wa ŵasilikari uyo wakamanyikwanga viŵi yayi, Foday Sankoh, uyo wakaŵa wakugomezgeka kwa Bangura, ndipo pamanyuma pake wakambiska gulu la Revolutionary United Front (RUF). Kaboni Sankoh wakasangika na mulandu ndipo wakakakika vyaka vinkhondi na viŵiri mu jele la Pademba Road mu Freetown. Mu Epulero 1971, ŵakalemba dango liphya ilo likazomerezga kuti Stevens waŵe pulezidenti. Mu ma 1972 by-elections, chipani cha opposition SLPP chikadandaula kuti chipani cha APC na chipani cha militia vikamuwopsya na kumukanizga. Masuzgo agha ghakaŵa ghakofya comene mwakuti SLPP yikasuskanga mavoti gha mu 1973; ntheura APC yikasanga vithuzithuzi 84 pa vithuzithuzi 85. Mu 1974, ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakakhumbanga kuwuskapo pulezidenti Stevens, kweni ŵakatondeka ndipo ŵalongozgi ŵake ŵakakomeka. Pakati pa 1974, ŵasilikari ŵa ku Guinea ŵakaŵikika mu charu ichi kuti ŵawovwirepo pa mazaza ghake, pakuti Stevens wakaŵa mubwezi wa pulezidenti wa ku Guinea, Ahmed Sékou Touré. Mu Malichi 1976, Stevens wakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti kwa nyengo yaciŵiri. Pa 19 Julayi, 1975, ŵalaraŵalara ŵa boma na ŵasilikari ŵakukwana 14, kusazgapo David Lansana, nduna yakale ya boma Mohamed Sorie Forna (wiske wa mulembi Aminatta Forna), Brigadier General Ibrahim Bash Taqi na Lieutenant Habib Lansana Kamara ŵakakomeka pamanyuma pakususka kuti ŵakayezga kutimbanizga boma la pulezidenti Stevens. In 1977, a nationwide student demonstration against the government disrupted Sierra Leone politics. The demonstration was quickly put down by the army and Stevens' own personal Special Security Division (SSD), a heavily armed paramilitary force he had created to protect him and maintain his hold on power.<ref>Tam-Baryoh, David, [http://www.newstimeafrica.com/archives/1669 "Politicized security forces or tribalized national politics; which is which?"] ''Newstime Africa''. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901024455/http://www.newstimeafrica.com/archives/1669 |date=1 September 2012 }}. Retrieved 26 February 2013.</ref> SSD officers were loyal to Stevens and were deployed across the country to clamp down on any rebellion or protest against Stevens' government. [[Sierra Leonean parliamentary election, 1977|A general election]] was called later that year in which corruption was again endemic; the APC won 74 seats and the SLPP 15. In 1978, the APC-dominant parliament approved a new constitution making the country a one-party state. The 1978 constitution made the APC the only legal political party in Sierra Leone.<ref name=Gberie>Gberie, Lansana (1998). ''[http://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/30/ War and state collapse: The case of Sierra Leone]'' (M.A. thesis) Wilfrid Laurier University</ref> Ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵambe kususka boma mu vigaŵa vinandi vya charu ichi, kweni ŵasilikari na gulu la Stevens la SSD ŵakaŵakoma. Stevens wakususkika cifukwa ca maluso ghake gha ucigaluka na vimbundi vya mu boma, kweni wakawovwira kuti caru ciŵe cakukhora ndiposo kuti cileke kunjira mu nkhondo. Wakambiska maboma ghanandi agho ghachali kugwira ntchito m'paka sono. Stevens wakachepeskaso mphatukano wa mafuko mu boma mwa kunjizga ŵanthu ŵa mafuko ghakupambanapambana mu boma lake la APC. Siaka Stevens wakafumapo pa ndyali mu Novembala 1985 wati waŵa na mazaza vyaka 18. Pa ungano waumaliro wa ŵimiliri wa chipani ichi, uwo ukachitikira ku Freetown mu Novembala 1985, chipani ichi chikimika munthu munyake kuti wanjire mu malo gha Stevens. Munthu uyo wakasankhika wakaŵa Major General Joseph Saidu Momoh, mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone. Pakuŵa mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari, Jenerale Momoh wakaŵa wakugomezgeka kwa Stevens, uyo wakamusankha. Nga ni Stevens, Momoh nayo wakaŵa wa fuko la Limba. Pakuŵa uyo wakaŵa yekha, Momoh wakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti kwambura kususkika ndipo wakalapizga kuŵa pulezidenti wachiŵiri wa Sierra Leone pa Novembala 28, 1985 ku Freetown. Mu Meyi 1986, pakaŵa chisankho cha chipani chimoza pakati pa ŵa APC. Pulezidenti Momoh wakasora mulara wa ŵasilikari na mubwezi wake, Major General Mohamed Tarawalie kuti waŵe mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone. Jenerale Tarawalie nayo wakaŵa wakugomezgeka comene ndipo wakawovwiranga comene Momoh. Pulezidenti Momoh wakimika James Bambay Kamara kuŵa mulara wa ŵapolisi ŵa Sierra Leone. Bambay Kamara nayo wakaŵa wakugomezgeka comene kwa Momoh. Momoh wakapatukana na pulezidenti wakale Siaka Stevens mwa kunjizga gulu lankhongono la SSD mu polisi ya Sierra Leone nga ni gulu lapadera la ŵasilikari. Pa nyengo ya Pulezidenti Stevens, gulu la SSD likaŵa lankhongono comene ndipo likagwiliskiranga nchito nkhongono zake kuti liŵe na mazaza. Ŵapolisi ŵa Sierra Leone awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Bambay Kamara ŵakasuskika kuti ŵakachitiranga nkhaza ŵanthu awo ŵakasuskanga boma la Pulezidenti Momoh. Chifukwa cha kukolerana na ŵasilikari kweniso kususka vimbundi, pulezidenti Momoh wakamba kukhozgeka na ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone. Chifukwa cha kusoŵa kwa visko viphya mu nduna ziphya za APC pasi pa purezidenti Momoh na kuwelera kwa visko vinandi vya kale kufuma mu boma la Stevens, mwaluŵiro ŵanthu ŵakamba kumususka kuti Momoh wakalutilira waka kuwusa kwa Stevens. Vyaka vichoko waka vyakulondezgapo mu muwuso wa Momoh vikaŵa na vimbundi, ndipo Momoh wakawuskapo vimbundi ivi mwa kufumiska nduna zinandi. Kuti walongore kuti wakulimbana na vimbundi, Pulezidenti Momoh wakapharazga za "Ndondomeko ya Makhaliro ya Ŵalongozgi ŵa Ndyali na Ŵateŵeti ŵa Boma". Pamanyuma pa kuyezga kuwuskapo pulezidenti Momoh mu Malichi 1987, ŵalongozgi ŵa boma ŵakujumpha 60 ŵakakakika, kusazgapo Francis Minah, wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti, uyo wakawuskika pa udindo wake, wakasangika na mulandu wa kunozga chiwukirano, ndipo wakakomeka na kukakika mu 1989, pamoza na ŵanyake ŵankhondi. === Nkhondo ya ku Sierra Leone (1991-2002) na boma la NPRC (1992-1996) === {{Further|Sierra Leone Civil War}} [[File: School destroyed by Sierra Leone Civil War.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Sukulu yinyake ku Koindu yikanangika pa nyengo ya Nkhondo ya pa Mbumba; masukulu ghakwambilira 1,270 ghakanangika pa nyengo ya nkhondo.<ref name="ilab"/>]] Mu Okutobala 1990, cifukwa ca kukhuŵilizgika comene na ŵanthu ŵa mu caru na ŵakuwaro kuti ŵanozge ndyali na vya cuma, pulezidenti Momoh wakimika komiti ya kunozgaso malango gha boma kuti yilanje malango gha boma la chipani cimoza. Pakugwiliskira nchito ulongozgi wa komiti iyi, dango la boma ilo likakhazikiskaso ndondomeko ya vyaru vinandi likapokelereka na Nyumba ya Malamulo ya APC. Pakaŵa kukayika kukuru kuti pulezidenti Momoh wakakhumbanga yayi kusintha vinthu pa ndyali, cifukwa boma la APC likalutilira kusuzgika na mazaza. Nkhondo ya pawenenawene iyo yikaŵa mukati mu charu cha Liberia ndiyo yikapangiska kuti ku Sierra Leone kuŵe nkhondo. Charles Taylor uyo pa nyengo iyo wakaŵa mulongozgi wa National Patriotic Front of Liberia, vikayowoyeka kuti wakawovwira kupanga Revolutionary United Front (RUF) pasi pa muwuso wa Foday Saybana Sankoh, uyo wakaŵa mulara wa ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone. Sankoh wakaŵa mulara wa ŵasilikari wakale wa ku Britain uyo wakasambizgikaso nkhondo ku Libya. Cakulinga ca Taylor cikaŵa cakuti RUF yikome ŵasilikari awo ŵakakhalanga mu Sierra Leone. Pa 29 Epulero 1992, gulu la ŵasilikari ŵawukirano ŵa ku Sierra Leone Army, awo ŵakalongozgekanga na ŵasilikari 7 ŵa ku Sierra Leone, Lt. Sahr Sandy, Captain Valentine Strasser, Lt. Solomon "SAJ" Musa, Captain Komba Mondeh, Lt. Tom Nyuma, Captain Julius Maada Bio na Captain Komba Kambo, ŵakachitiska chivundungwele cha ŵasilikari icho chikapangiska kuti pulezidenti Momoh wapelekeleke ku Guinea. Wupu wa NPRC ukayimiska mwaluŵiro dango la boma, kukanizga vipani vyose vya ndyali, kukanizga wanangwa wa kuyowoya na wa manyuzipepara, ndipo ukakhazikiska dango lakuti ŵasilikari ŵaŵikenge mu jele kwambura mulandu panji kweruzgika. SAJ Musa, mubwezi wa Strasser wa pa ubonda, wakazgoka wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti na mulongozgi wa boma la NPRC. Strasser wakaŵa mulongozgi wa boma muwukirano comene pa caru cose apo wakayamba kuwusa mazuŵa ghatatu pera kufuma apo wakafiskira vilimika 25. Boma la NPRC likakhazikiska National Supreme Council of State nga ni boma la ŵasilikari na mazaza ghaumaliro pa vinthu vyose ndipo likaŵa na ŵasilikari ŵa NPRC ŵankhongono comene, kusazgapo Strasser na ŵasilikari ŵakwambilira awo ŵakathereska pulezidenti Momoh.<ref name="blogspot1">{{cite web |title=SIERRA LEONE NOW: Attempts To Launder Maada Bio's Battered Image Fail... We Were Not Supreme Council Members – Civilians In NPRC Deny Involvement In Atrocities |url=http://salonenow.blogspot.com/2011/08/attempts-to-launder-maada-bios-battered.html#!/2011/08/attempts-to-launder-maada-bios-battered.html |access-date=20 March 2014 |publisher=Salonenow.blogspot.com}}</ref> Yumoza wa ŵasilikari ŵakuzirwa comene ŵa NPRC Junta, Lt. Sahr Sandy, mubwezi wakugomezgeka wa Strasser, wakakomeka na Major S.I.M. Turay, uyo wakaŵa wakugomezgeka kwa pulezidenti Momoh. Gulu la ŵasilikari ilo likaŵa na vilwero vikuru vikapenja munthu uyo wakakoma Mulara Sandy. Ndipouli, wakukayikiska comene ni Major S.I.M. Turay wakabisama na kucimbira mu caru ca Guinea, cifukwa wakawopanga umoyo wake. Ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵakugomezgeka kwa pulezidenti Momoh ŵakakakika, kusazgapo Colonel Kahota M. Dumbuya na Major Yayah Turay. Mulara wa ŵasilikari, Lt. Sandy, ŵakamusunga pa dindi la boma ndipo ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa NPRC ŵakaluta ku dindi ili. Boma la NPRC likalutilira kukolerana na wupu wa ECOWAS ndipo likakhozga wovwiri wa ŵasilikari ŵa ECOMOG awo ŵakakhalanga ku Sierra Leone. Pa 28 Disembala 1992, boma likayezga kupoka boma kwa boma la NPRC la Strasser, pakukhumba kufwatura Colonel Yahya Kanu, Colonel Kahota M.S. Dumbuya na uyo kale wakaŵa Inspector General wa ŵapolisi Bambay Kamara, ŵakakanizgika. Ŵalaraŵalara ŵa ŵasilikari ŵaciŵiri awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Sergeant Mohamed Lamin Bangura ŵakamanyikwa kuti ndiwo ŵakapangiska chiŵembu ici. Ŵasilikari 17 ŵakakomeka chifukwa cha chiŵembu ichi. Ŵanyake mwa ŵanthu awo ŵakakomeka ni Colonel Kahota Dumbuya, Major Yayah Kanu na Sergeant Mohamed Lamin Bangura. Ŵalaraŵalara ŵanandi ŵa boma la Momoh awo ŵakaŵa mu jele la Pa Demba Road, kusazgapo uyo kale wakaŵa mulara wa ŵapolisi Bambay Kamara, nawo ŵakakomeka. Pa 5 Julayi 1994 SAJ Musa, uyo wakaŵa wakutemweka comene pakati pa ŵanthu, comenecomene mu Freetown, wakakakika na kutumizgika ku caru cinyake pamasinda pakuti wakasoleka kuti wakakhumbanga kuwuskapo Strasser. Strasser wakasintha Musa kuŵa wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti wa NPRC na Captain Bio, uyo nyengo yeneyiyo Strasser wakamukwezga kuŵa brigadier. Ntchito ya NPRC yikaŵa yambura ntchito chifukwa boma la Momoh likathereskeka. Kuzakafika mu 1994, ŵasilikari ŵa RUF ŵakamba kuwusa chigaŵa chikuru cha chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi icho chikaŵa na malibwe gha dayamondi ghanandi. Pakuzgora, NPRC yikagwiriska nchito Executive Outcomes, kampani ya ŵasilikari ya ku South Africa, kuti yigeziske ŵasilikari ŵakugwilira nchito ŵankhondo ŵakukwana mahandiredi ghanandi. Pakati pajumpha mwezi umoza, ŵasilikari aŵa ŵakachimbizga ŵasilikari ŵa RUF mu vigaŵa ivyo vikaŵa kufupi na mphaka za Sierra Leone. Chifukwa chakuti ŵasilikari ŵaŵiri ŵa NPRC, Lt. Sahr Sandy na Lt. Solomon Musa ŵakaŵavya mwaŵi wa kumuvikilira, utsogoleri wa Strasser mukati mwa NPRC ukaŵa wambura nkhongono. Pa 16 January 1996, pamanyuma pa vilimika vinayi pa mazaza, Strasser wakakakika mu nyumba ya boma iyo yikapangika na ŵasilikari ŵanyake ŵa NPRC awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Brigadier Bio ku likuru la Defence ku Freetown. Nyengo yeneyiyo, Strasser wakatolekera ku Conakry, ku Guinea. Mu nkhani yake yakwamba ya pa wumba pamanyuma pa boma kuwukira mu 1996, Brigadier Bio wakayowoya kuti wovwiri wake wa kuwezgerapo Sierra Leone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/How+Sierra+Leone+fell+into+the+hands+of+young+soldiers.-a0254314002 |title=How Sierra Leone fell into the hands of young soldiers|publisher=Thefreelibrary.com |access-date=20 May 2012}}</ref> === Nyengo ya Kabbah: boma, "kuwuka kwa boma liphya", AFRC na umaliro wa Nkhondo Yachiŵeniŵeni (1996~2007) === Bio wakafiska ivyo wakalayizga kuti wazamuwusa ŵanthu. Pambere mavoti ghandambe, ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone na ŵanyakhe ŵa pa caru cose ŵakadumbiskana usange chalo ici cikwenera kumazga nkhondo ya pawenenawene iyo yikalutilira kwa nyengo yitali, panji usange cikwenera kucita mavoti na kuwezgeraso muwuso ku boma la ŵanthu na ndondomeko ya vyaru vinandi. Pamanyuma pa ungano wa 1995 wa National Consultative Conference ku Bintumani Hotel ku Freetown, wakucemeka "Bintumani I", uwo ukaŵa upharazgi wa Strasser, ungano unyake wa National Consultative Conference ku Bintumani Hotel ku Freetown, wakucemeka "Bintumani II", ukambiska na boma la Bio ilo likakhwaska ŵanyakhe ŵa ku charu na ŵanyakhe ŵa ku vyaru vinyake, mu kuyezga kusanga nthowa yakufumiskirapo masuzgo agho ghakuwira chalo. "Mtende pambere mavoti ghandambe na mavoti pambere mtende undafike" ghakazgoka nkhani yikuru ya kudumbiskana ndipo nkhani iyi yikamba kudumbiskana pa caru cose. Paumaliro, ŵakadumbiskana na ŵanthu ŵanandi, kusazgapo boma la Bio na UN, ndipo ŵakakolerana kuti apo ŵakuyezgayezga kusanga nthowa ya mtende yakumazgira nkhondo, ŵakwenera kuchitiska mavoti mwaluŵiro. Bio wakapeleka mazaza kwa Ahmad Tejan Kabbah wa SLPP, pamanyuma pa mavoti agho ghakacitika kuuyambiro wa chaka cha 1996 agho Kabbah wakathereska. Pulezidenti Kabbah wakatora mazaza na cilato cakuti wamalizge nkhondo ya pa cikaya. Wakati wapokera mazaza, Pulezidenti Kabbah mwaluŵiro wakamba kudumbiskana na RUF ndipo wakacemera mulongozgi wawo Foday Sankoh kuti wazakadumbiskane za mtende.<ref name="University"/> Pa 25 Meyi 1997, ŵasilikari 17 mu gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Corporal Tamba Gborie, ŵakugomezgeka kwa Major Johnny Paul Koroma uyo wakaŵa mu jele, ŵakambiska boma la nkhondo ilo likatuma Pulezidenti Kabbah ku ukapolo ku Guinea ndipo ŵakambiska wupu wa Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC). Kaboni Gborie wakaluta mwaluŵiro ku ofesi yikuru ya Sierra Leone Broadcasting Services ku New England, Freetown, kuti wakapharazge vya boma ilo likapoka mazaza na kucenjezga ŵasilikari wose ŵa mu caru kuti ŵize kuzakavikilira. Mwaluŵiro ŵasilikari ŵakamufumiska Koroma mu jere na kumwimika kuŵa pulezidenti wawo na mulongozgi wa boma. Koroma wakayimiska dango la chalo, wakakanizga viwoneskero, wakajarapo mawayilesi ghose gha palekha mu chalo ichi ndipo wakacemera RUF kuti wanjire mu boma liphya la junta, na mulongozgi wake Foday Sankoh kuŵa Vice-Chairman wa boma liphya la AFRC-RUF. Pakati pajumpha mazuŵa ghachoko waka, ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵa RUF ŵakiza mu msumba wa Freetown. Gulu la ŵasilikari awo ŵakakhalanga mu vigaŵa vya kumwera kwa Sierra Leone, awo ŵakalongozgekanga na Samuel Hinga Norman, ŵakalutilira kugomezgeka kwa Pulezidenti Kabbah. Pakati pajumpha myezi yinkhondi na umoza, ŵasilikari awo ŵakalongozgekanga na boma la Nigeria ŵakawuskapo boma ili. Pa 19 Okutobala 1998, ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone 24 (mwakusazgapo Gborie, Brigadier Hassan Karim Conteh, Colonel Samuel Francis Koroma, Major Kula Samba na Colonel Abdul Karim Sesay) ŵakakomeka na gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa boma ku Freetown. Mu Okutobala 1999, wupu wa United Nations ukazomera kutuma ŵasilikari kuti ŵakhazikiske mtende na kufumiska vilwero ku ŵakugaluka. Gulu lakwamba la ŵasilikari 6,000 likamba kwiza mu Disembala, ndipo mu Febuluwale 2000, wupu wa UN Security Council ukazomerezga kusazgirako ŵasilikari aŵa kufika pa 11,000. Kweni mu Meyi, apo pafupifupi ŵasilikari wose ŵa ku Nigeria ŵakafumako ndipo ŵasilikari ŵa UN ŵakayezga kuti ŵaleke kuvikilira RUF ku mafumiro gha dazi kwa Sierra Leone, ŵasilikari ŵa Sankoh ŵakakumana na ŵasilikari ŵa UN, ndipo ŵasilikari 500 ŵakakoleka nga mbanthu awo ŵakakanizgika. Nkhondo iyi yikapangiska kuti paŵe nkhondo zinandi pakati pa RUF na boma apo ŵasilikari ŵa UN ŵakambiska ntchito ya Khukri kuti ŵamalizge nkhondo iyi. Ntchito iyi yikaŵa yakukondweska comene, ndipo ŵasilikari ŵa ku India na Britain ndiwo ŵakalongozganga. Vinthu vikafika paheni comene mu caru ici mwakuti ŵasilikari ŵa ku Britain ŵakatumika kuti ŵafumiske ŵanthu ŵa ku vyaru vinyake. Kweni ŵasilikari ŵa ku Britain ŵakaleka mulimo wawo ndipo ŵakamba nkhondo kuti ŵathereske ŵakugaluka. Ŵanalume ŵa ku Britain ndiwo ŵakapangiska kuti nkhondo yimare. Ŵasilikari ŵa boma la Britain, pamoza na ŵalara ŵa boma na ŵandyali, ŵakakhalapo kuti ŵasambizge ŵasilikari, kunozga vinthu vya mu caru, na kupeleka wovwiri wa ndalama na vinthu vinyake. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakuwona kuti Tony Blair, uyo wakaŵa nduna yikuru ya Britain pa nyengo iyo ŵasilikari ŵa Britain ŵakanjilirapo, ni munthu wankhongono. Kufuma mu 1991 m'paka mu 2001, ŵanthu pafupifupi 50,000 ŵakafwa pa nkhondo ya pawenenawene ku Sierra Leone. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakachimbizgika mu nyumba zawo ndipo ŵanandi ŵakachimbilira ku Guinea na Liberia. Mu 2001, ŵasilikari ŵa UN ŵakanjira mu vigaŵa ivyo ŵakugaluka ŵakakhalanga na kwamba kuwuskamo vilwero vya ŵasilikari aŵa. Mu Janyuwale 2002, nkhondo yikamara. Mu Meyi 2002, Kabbah wakasankhikaso kuŵa pulezidenti. Mu 2004, mulimo wa kufumiska vilwero ukaŵa kuti wamara. Kweniso mu 2004, khoti lakuvikilirika na wupu wa UN likamba kweruzga ŵalongozgi ŵa vigaŵa vyose viŵiri vya nkhondo. Mu Disembala 2005, ŵasilikari ŵa UN ŵakafumamo mu Sierra Leone. === Chisankho cha 2007 ndi kubwereranso kwa APC === Mu Ogasiti 2007, ku Sierra Leone kukachitika chisankho cha pulezidenti na chaparamendi. Ndipouli, palije uyo wakatora mazaza gha 50% pamoza na kura yimoza iyo yikaŵa mu dango la boma. Chisankho chachiwiri chinachitika mu Seputembala 2007, ndipo Ernest Bai Koroma, woyimira chipani chachikulu chotsutsa cha APC, adasankhidwa kukhala purezidenti. Koroma wakasankhika kuŵa purezidenti kachiŵiri mu Novembala 2012. === Kulimbana na nthenda ya Ebola (2014~2016) === Mu 2014, ku Sierra Leone kukabuka nthenda ya Ebola iyo yikatimbanizga vinthu mu charu chose. Kuumaliro wa 2014, ku Sierra Leone kukafwa ŵanthu pafupifupi 3,000 ndipo ŵanthu 10,000 ŵakaŵa na nthenda iyi. Kweniso nthenda iyi yikapangiska kuti mu Seputembala 2014, ŵanthu ŵaŵikike mu charu chose kwa mazuŵa ghatatu. Nthenda iyi yikamba chifukwa cha Ebola iyo yikathandazgika chomene ku West Africa. Mu Ogasiti 2014, charu cha Sierra Leone chikaleka kuseŵera maseŵera gha mpira chifukwa cha Ebola. Pa Malichi 16, 2016, wupu wa vyaumoyo pa charu chose (WHO) ukati Sierra Leone njambura Ebola.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/aussenpolitik/laender/sierraleone-node/sierraleonesicherheit/203500#content_6|title=Auswärtiges Amt – Sierra Leone: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise|last=Amt|first=Auswärtiges|work=Auswärtiges Amt DE|access-date=16 March 2018|language=de}}</ref><ref name="internationalsos.com">[https://www.internationalsos.com/ebola/index.cfm?content_id=397&language_id=ENG Sierra Leone]. Internationalsos.com. Retrieved 24 February 2017.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sierra Leone launches three-day, door-to-door Ebola prevention campaign|url=http://www.unicef.org/media/media_75963.html|publisher=UNICEF|access-date=24 September 2014|archive-date=7 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907112713/https://www.unicef.org/media/media_75963.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="internationalsos.com" /> ===14 August 2017 mudslides=== {{main|2017 Sierra Leone mudslides}} Pa August 14, 2017, mu msumba wa Freetown na kufupi na msumba uwu mukachitika chivundungwele. ===2018 General election=== {{main|2018 Sierra Leonean general election}} Mu 2018, ku Sierra Leone kukaŵa maungano gha chigaŵa. Pa maungano gha ku malo gha boma, palije uyo wakafika pa 55%, ndipo maungano ghaciŵiri ghakacitika.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2018-03-15|title=7 March 2018 Election in Sierra Leone by numbers|url=http://necsl2018.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Election-Figures_1403.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315070525/http://necsl2018.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Election-Figures_1403.pdf|archive-date=15 March 2018|access-date=2021-02-08}}</ref> == Makhalilo gha charu == {{Main|Geography of Sierra Leone}} [[File:UNsierraleone.PNG|thumb|upright=1.5|A map of Sierra Leone]] [[File:Koppen-Geiger Map SLE present.svg|thumb|Sierra Leone map of Köppen climate classification]] Charu cha Sierra Leone chili kumwera cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa. Charu ichi chili na mphaka na Guinea kumpoto na kumafumiro gha dazi, Liberia kumwera kwa kumafumiro gha dazi, na Atlantic Ocean kumanjiliro gha dazi na kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi. Sierra Leone yili na malo ghakukwana 71,740 km2 (27,699 sq mi), ndipo yili kugaŵika mu malo ghakukwana 71,620 km2 (27,653 sq mi) na maji ghakukwana 120 km2 (46 sq mi). Charu ichi chili na vigaŵa vinayi. Ku chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Sierra Leone, phiri ili lili na mapiri ghatali, ndipo Phiri la Bintumani lili na m'paka mamita 1,948. Chigaŵa chakunena cha mlonga wa Moa chili kumwera kwa chigaŵa ichi. Pakati pa charu ichi pali malo gha chipalamba agho ghali na makuni, vivwati, na malo ghakurya. Chigaŵa chakumpoto cha charu ichi chili kugawika na wupu wa World Wildlife Fund kuŵa chigaŵa cha nkhorongo ya ku Guinea, apo chigaŵa chakumwera chili na makuni ghakututuŵa na minda. Kumanjiliro gha dazi, Sierra Leone yili na mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 400 kufuma ku Atlantic Coastline, ndipo yili na vinthu vinandi vya mu nyanja. Ku mumphepete mwa nyanja kuli vyakumera vya mangrove. Msumba ukuru wa Freetown uli mumphepete mwa nyanja pafupi na dowoko la Sierra Leone. Nyengo ya mu charu ichi njakotcha, ndipo nyengo ziŵiri zikupangiska kuti kulimilirenge: nyengo ya vula kufuma mu Meyi m'paka Novembala, kweniso nyengo ya chihanya kufuma mu Disembala m'paka Meyi, apo mphepo yakuzizima yikuputa kufuma ku mapopa gha Sahara. Pa avereji, mu charu muli kutentha kwapakati pa 26 °C na 36 °C.<ref>{{Cite book |last =Blinker |first =Linda |date =September 2006 |title =Country Environment Profile (CEP) Sierra Leone |publisher =Consortium Parsons Brinckerhoff |location =Freetown, Sierra Leone |url =http://www.sliip.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=46 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130927112254/http://www.sliip.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=46 |url-status =dead |archive-date =27 September 2013 |page =12 |access-date =2 July 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last =LeVert |first =Suzanne |title =Cultures of the World: Sierra Leone |pages =[https://archive.org/details/sierraleone0000leve/page/8 8–9] |publisher =Marshall Cavendish |isbn =978-0-7614-2334-8 |year =2006 |url =https://archive.org/details/sierraleone0000leve/page/8 }}</ref> === Biodiversity === {{See also|Wildlife of Sierra Leone}} Ku Sierra Leone kuli vyaru vinayi: nkhorongo za ku Guinea, nkhorongo za ku Western Guinea, nkhorongo za ku Guinea, na makuni gha mangrove. Vinthu ivyo ŵanthu ŵakuyowoya kuti ndivyo vikupangiska kuti charu cha Sierra Leone chiheni chomene panji kuti vikupangiska kuti charu chiheni chomene, ni vyakurya vyambura kukhazikika, kusamalira makora yayi dongo na maji, kudumulizga makuni, kusisita vyakumera, kurya nkhuni, kweniso kulimilira chomene viŵeto na kuzenga misumba. Kutowa kwa makuni, cifukwa ca makuni gha malonda ndiposo cifukwa ca vyakurya, ni suzgo likuru comene ndipo kukupangiska kuti caru ciŵe na uheni ukuru. Kuzenga migodi, kudumura na kotcha malo kuti ghazgoke malo ghakuliskako viŵeto, kwapangiska kuti makuni ghachepe chomene mu Sierra Leone kwambira m'ma 1980. Charu ichi chili na nkhorongo zinandi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa makuni. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakopa kuti makuni ghanandi ghachali kukomeka mu malo ghakuchemeka Tama-Tonkoli Forest Reserve kumpoto. Awo ŵakuguliska makuni ŵasazgirako ntchito yawo ku Nimini, District ya Kono, Eastern Province; Jui, Western Rural District, Western Area; Loma Mountains National Park, Koinadougu, Northern Province; ndipo ŵali na mapulani ghakwamba kugwira ntchito mu Kambui Forest reserve mu Kenema District, Eastern Province. Charu ichi chili na chiŵerengero cha 2.76/10 pa charu chose pa vyaru 172. Mu Sierra Leone, ŵanthu ŵakuloŵa comene somba. Ntcheŵe yakucemeka Lycaon pictus ya ku Africa yikanangika comene mwakuti yikuwoneka kuti yili kumara mu Sierra Leone. M'paka mu 2002, Sierra Leone yikaŵavya ndondomeko yakwendeskera nkhorongo chifukwa cha nkhondo ya pawenenawene iyo yikakoma ŵanthu ŵanandi. Kufuma waka apo nkhondo ya pawenenawene yikamalira, makuni agho ghakuparanyika ghasazgikira na 7.3%. Mu 2003, mu Sierra Leone mukaŵa malo ghakuvikilirika 55. Mu caru ici muli vyakumera vinandi, vinyama 147, viyuni 626, vinyama vyakukhwaŵa 67, vinyama vyakukhala pasi na pasi 35, na somba 99. Wupu wa Environmental Justice Foundation ukulongora kuti mu vyaka vyasonosono apa, unandi wa maboti agho ghakuloŵa mwambura kuzomerezgeka mu maji gha ku Sierra Leone wawonjezeka comene. Ŵalwani ŵa visomba ŵamba kukora visomba vinandi chomene. Vinthu vyafika paheni comene cifukwa cakuti somba ndizo zikovwira ŵanthu ŵanandi mu caru ici kusanga ndalama. Mu Juni 2005, wupu wa Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) na BirdLife International ŵakakolerana kuti ŵawovwirepo pa ntchito ya kunozga nkhorongo ya Gola Forest ku Sierra Leone.<ref>[[BBC News]], [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7136606.stm ''Sierra Leone sets up forest park''], 10 December 2007 </ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=Environmental Justice Foundation |url=http://www.ejfoundation.org/page370.html |title=Sierra Leone |date=17 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010165129/http://www.ejfoundation.org/page370.html |archive-date=10 October 2008}}</ref><ref name="rainforests.mongabay.com">Butler, Rhett (2005). [http://rainforests.mongabay.com/20sierraleone.htm ''Sierra Leone: Environmental Profile''], mongabay.com</ref> == Boma na ndale == {{Main|Politics of Sierra Leone}} {{multiple image |width=230 |perrow=1/1 |image1= |caption1=[[Julius Maada Wonie Bio]], current president of Sierra Leone (12 May 2018 - present) |image2= |caption2=Official seal of the President of the Republic of Sierra Leone }} Sierra Leone ni charu icho chili na boma ilo likusankhika na ŵanthu. Ndondomeko ya boma ya Sierra Leone yikukolerana na Dango la Sierra Leone la 1991. Sierra Leone yili na boma likuru ilo likulamulira ndipo boma lakunjilirapo ndambura nkhongono. Boma la Sierra Leone, ilo likulongozgeka na pulezidenti, lili na mazaza ghanandi. Pulezidenti ni munthu wankhongono comene mu Sierra Leone. Kuyana na Dango la mu 1991, boma la Britain ndilo lili na mazaza ghakulongozga vinthu. Boma likuru comene lili na pulezidenti na mamembara gha boma lake, kweniso ŵeruzgi. Pulezidenti ni mulara wa boma, mulara wa boma, ndiposo mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone. Pulezidenti wakusora na kulongozga nduna izo zikwenera kuzomerezgeka na Nyumba ya Malango. Pulezidenti wakusankhika na ŵanthu wose kuti waŵepo nyengo ziŵiri. Pulezidenti ndiyo wali na mazaza ghakuru chomene mu boma la Sierra Leone. Kuti munthu wasankhike kuŵa pulezidenti wa Sierra Leone, wakwenera kusanga mavoti pafupifupi 55 peresenti. Usange palije uyo wapokera 55%, paŵenge chigaŵa chachiŵiri pakati pa ŵalongozgi ŵaŵiri. Pulezidenti wa sono wa Sierra Leone ni Julius Maada Bio, uyo wakaŵa mulongozgi wa gulu la ŵasilikari. Bio wakathereska Samura Kamara wa chipani cha All People's Congress (APC) mu chisankho cha purezidenti cha 2018. Bio wakasintha pulezidenti Ernest Bai Koroma pamanyuma pakuti Bio wakalapizga pa 4 April 2018 na Chief Justice Abdulai Cham. Bio ni mulongozgi wa chipani cha Sierra Leone People's Party, chipani icho chili na mazaza mu Sierra Leone. Pamanyuma pa pulezidenti pakuŵa wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti, uyo ni mulara waciŵiri mu boma la Sierra Leone. Nga umo Dango la Sierra Leone likulongolera, wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti ndiyo wakuŵa pulezidenti wa Sierra Leone para pulezidenti wafwa, wafumapo, panji wafumiskika.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/04/africa/sierra-leone-presidential-election-intl/index.html|title=Sierra Leone declares former junta head president|first=Bukola |last=Adebayo|work=CNN|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref> === Parliament === Nyumba ya Malamulo ya Sierra Leone njimoza pera, ndipo yili na mipando 146. Chigaŵa chilichose mwa vigaŵa 14 vya charu ichi chili na ŵimiliri mu nyumba ya malango. Nyumba ya malango ya Sierra Leone yikulongozgeka na Mulara wa Nyumba ya Malamulo, uyo ni mulongozgi wa Nyumba ya Malamulo ndipo wakusankhika na ŵanthu awo ŵalipo. Mulara wa sono wa nyumba ya malango ya Sierra Leone ni Abass Bundu, uyo wakasankhika na mamembala gha nyumba ya malango pa 21 January 2014. Ŵabali awo ŵalipo sono mu Nyumba ya Malamulo ya Sierra Leone ŵakasankhika pa mavoti gha mu 2012. Pasono chipani cha APC chili na vithuzithuzi 68 pa vithuzithuzi 132 ivyo vili mu nyumba ya malango ndipo chipani cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) chili na vithuzithuzi 49 pa vithuzithuzi 132. Maphwando awiri opambana kwambiri ku Sierra Leone, APC ndi SLPP, pamodzi adagonjetsa mipando yonse yosankhidwa ku Nyumba Yamalamulo mu chisankho cha nyumba yamalamulo ku Sierra Leone cha 2012. Kuti munthu waŵe mu Nyumba ya Malamulo, wakwenera kuŵa mwenekaya wa Sierra Leone, wakwenera kuŵa na vyaka vyakujumpha 21, wakwenera kuyowoya, kuŵazga na kulemba Cingelezi mwakuti waŵe na mwaŵi wakucitako milimo ya mu Nyumba ya Malamulo; ndipo wakwenera kuŵa na mulandu yayi. Kufuma apo Sierra Leone yikapokera wanangwa mu 1961, vyaru ivi vili na vipani vikuruvikuru viŵiri: SLPP na APC. Pakaŵaso magulu ghacoko waka agho ghakaŵavya ŵanthu ŵanandi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sierra Leone National Election Commission Bulletin |date=September–December 2011 |url=http://www.nec-sierraleone.org/Bulletin.html |access-date=25 February 2012 }}</ref> === Judiciary === {{main|Judiciary of Sierra Leone}} [[File: Freetown Court 1984.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|The Sierra Leone [[Supreme Court of Sierra Leone|Supreme Court]] in the capital [[Freetown]], the highest and most powerful court in the country]] Boma la Sierra Leone lili na ŵeruzgi awo ŵakulongozgeka na Chief Justice of Sierra Leone. Makhoti ghanyake ni Khoti Likuru la Vyamalango, Khoti la Apilu, makhoti gha ŵeruzgi, na makhoti gha ku mizi. Pulezidenti wakusora na kuzomerezga ŵeruzgi ŵa makhoti ghose ghatatu. Ŵeruzgi ŵali na mazaza pa milandu yose ya ŵanthu wose ndiposo ya milandu ya milandu mu caru cose. Mulara wa milandu wa sono wa Sierra Leone ni Desmond Babatunde Edwards === Foreign relations === {{Main|Foreign relations of Sierra Leone}} Unduna wa Vyalo vya ku Sierra Leone na Wupu Wakovwira Ŵanthu ŵa ku vyaru Vinyake ndiwo ukuwona vya ndyali za ku Sierra Leone. Charu cha Sierra Leone chili paubwezi na vyaru nga ni China, Russia, Libya, Iran, na Cuba. Sierra Leone wali na ubwezi uwemi na vyaru vya ku Western Europe, na United States. Kufuma waka apo boma la United Kingdom likakanira nkhondo ya pawenenawene mu 2000, likawovwira chomene charu ichi. Boma la pulezidenti wakale Siaka Stevens likakhumbanga kukolerana na vyaru vinyake vya kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Africa mu wupu wa Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Sierra Leone, pamoza na Liberia, Ivory Coast na Guinea, ni vyaru ivyo vikukolerana na vyaru vinyake. Ntchito yake yikuru njakuti yikhazikiske mapulojekiti ghakovwira kuti vinthu vyende makora mu vyaru vinayi ivi. Sierra Leone nayo njumoza wa wupu wa United Nations na wupu unyake, African Union, African Development Bank (AFDB), Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), na Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). Sierra Leone njumoza wa ŵeruzgi ŵa International Criminal Court awo ŵali kukolerana kuti ŵasilikari ŵa United States ŵavikilirikenge (kulingana na ndime 98).<ref name=foreign>{{cite encyclopedia |year =2007 |title =Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Relations |encyclopedia =Sierra Leone Encyclopedia |url =http://www.daco-sl.org/encyclopedia/1_gov/1_2mfa.htm |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090223182542/http://www.daco-sl.org/encyclopedia/1_gov/1_2mfa.htm |archive-date =23 February 2009 |access-date =7 October 2008 |url-status =dead |df =dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date =October 2008 |title =Background Note: Sierra Leone |publisher=U.S. Department of State |url =https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5475.htm |access-date =7 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year =2006 |title =Welcome to the Mano River Union Website |publisher =Mano River Union |url =http://www.manoriverunion.org/ |access-date =7 October 2008 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080706124624/http://www.manoriverunion.org/ |archive-date =6 July 2008 |url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ambassade de la Fédération de Russie en République de Guinée|title=Russia and Sierra Leone diplomatic relations|url=http://guinea.mid.ru/web/guinee-fr/actualites-de-l-ambassade/-/asset_publisher/u42vl5IwZdlL/content/55th-anniversary-of-diplomatic-relations-between-russia-and-sierra-leone?inheritRedirect=false&redirect=http%3A%2F%2Fguinea.mid.ru%2Fweb%2Fguinee-fr%2Factualites-de-l-ambassade%3Fp_p_id%3D101_INSTANCE_u42vl5IwZdlL%26p_p_lifecycle%3D0%26p_p_state%3Dnormal%26p_p_mode%3Dview%26p_p_col_id%3Dcolumn-1%26p_p_col_count%3D1|website=mid.ru|access-date=2 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816063823/https://guinea.mid.ru/web/guinee-fr/actualites-de-l-ambassade/-/asset_publisher/u42vl5IwZdlL/content/55th-anniversary-of-diplomatic-relations-between-russia-and-sierra-leone?inheritRedirect=false&redirect=http%3A%2F%2Fguinea.mid.ru%2Fweb%2Fguinee-fr%2Factualites-de-l-ambassade%3Fp_p_id%3D101_INSTANCE_u42vl5IwZdlL%26p_p_lifecycle%3D0%26p_p_state%3Dnormal%26p_p_mode%3Dview%26p_p_col_id%3Dcolumn-1%26p_p_col_count%3D1|archive-date=16 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Military === {{Main|Military of Sierra Leone}} Gulu la ŵasilikari la Sierra Leone, ilo likucemeka Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF), ni gulu la ŵasilikari la Sierra Leone ilo likuvikilira vigaŵa vya Sierra Leone na kuvikilira vyandulo vya Sierra Leone. Gulu la ŵasilikari ili likapangika pamanyuma pa kujithemba mu 1961, kufuma ku British Royal West African Frontier Force. Gulu la ŵasilikari la Sierra Leone lili na ŵanthu pafupifupi 15,500, ndipo lili na ŵasilikari ŵanandi chomene ŵa Sierra Leone. Pulezidenti wa Sierra Leone ndiyo ni mulara wa ŵasilikari, ndipo nduna ya vya kuvikilira ndiyo yikulaŵilira vya kuvikilira caru na kupanga ŵasilikari. Nduna ya vya kuvikilira ya Sierra Leone ni Major Alfred Paolo Conteh. Gulu la ŵasilikari la Sierra Leone lili na Chief of the Defence Staff, uyo ni mulara wa ŵasilikari uyo wakuŵa na udindo wa kwendeska na kwendeska ŵasilikari ŵa Sierra Leone. Brigadier General Alfred Nelson-Williams uyo wakasankhika na President Koroma wakasintha Major General Edward Sam M'boma pa 12 September 2008 pakuŵa Chief of Defence Staff wa Army. Apo Sierra Leone yikapokera wanangwa mu 1961, ŵasilikari ŵa Royal Sierra Leone Military Force ŵakapangika kufuma ku Sierra Leone Battalion of the West African Frontier Force. Mu 1968, ŵasilikari ŵakamba kuwusa, ndipo ŵakaŵika wupu wa National Reformation Council. Pa 19 Epulero 1971, apo Sierra Leone yikazgoka charu, Royal Sierra Leone Military Forces yikasintha zina kuŵa Republic of Sierra Leone Military Force (RSLMF).<ref name="Kaplan">[https://books.google.com/books?id=tv9yAAAAMAAJ&dq=Royal+Sierra+Leone+Military+Force&pg=PA337 ''Area Handbook for Sierra Leone''], Irving Kaplan, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976, page 337</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.daco-sl.org/encyclopedia/1_gov/1_6rslaf.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111070308/http://www.daco-sl.org/encyclopedia/1_gov/1_6rslaf.htm |archive-date=11 January 2010 |title=Partners: Sierra Leone Armed Forces |publisher=Daco-sl.org |access-date=20 May 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Wupu wa RSLMF ukalutilira kuŵa na gulu limoza m'paka mu 1979, apo boma la Sierra Leone likakhazikiska mawumba gha ŵasilikari ŵa nkhondo. Mu 1995, likuru la ŵasilikari likakhazikiskika, ndipo gulu la ŵasilikari la Sierra Leone Air Wing likapangika. Gulu la RSLMF likasinthika zina kuŵa Armed Forces of the Republic of Sierra Leone (AFRSL). === Law enforcement === Boma la Sierra Leone likulongozgeka na ŵapolisi awo ŵakwimikika na pulezidenti. Ŵapolisi ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakakhazikiskika na Britain mu 1894. Likovwira kugega vigeŵenga, kuvikilira umoyo wa ŵanthu na katundu wawo, kusanga na kweruzga ŵakuswa malango, kukhazikiska bata na mtende, kuvikilira umoyo na chivikiliro, kweniso kovwira ŵanthu kuti ŵeruzgike makora. Wapolisi wa ku Sierra Leone ni Inspector General of Police, uyo ni mulongozgi wa ŵapolisi ŵa ku Sierra Leone. Chigaŵa chilichose cha vigaŵa 14 vya Sierra Leone chili na mulara wa ŵapolisi uyo ni mulara wa chigaŵa. Ŵapolisi aŵa ŵakuteŵetera ku ofesi ya ŵapolisi ya ku Freetown. Mulaŵiliri wa ŵapolisi sono ni Brima Acha Kamara, uyo wakasankhika na pulezidenti wakale Ahmad Tejan Kabbah. === Wanangwa wa '''ŵa'''nthu === {{Main|Human rights in Sierra Leone}} Male [[LGBT rights in Sierra Leone|same-sex sexual activity]] is illegal under Section 61 of the [[Offences against the Person Act 1861]], and imprisonment for life is possible.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://old.ilga.org/Statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2012.pdf| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611181908/http://old.ilga.org/Statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2012.pdf |archive-date=11 June 2012 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws criminalising same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults |publisher=The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association |editor= Lucas Paoli Itaborahy |date=May 2012 |page=35}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Daniel |last=Avery |title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal |url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974 |work=Newsweek |date=4 April 2019}}</ref> Ŵapolisi ŵakusuzga comene ŵanthu. Ŵalwani ŵakomeka na ŵasilikari, kweniso ŵanthu awo ŵakachitanga vivulupi mu jele (mu jele la Pademba Road, ŵakayidi 30 na msilikari yumoza ŵakafwa). Pa nyengo ya COVID-19, ŵapolisi ŵakawukira ŵanthu awo ŵakakhumbanga kusanga vinthu vyakukhumbikwa.<ref>{{cite web|title=SIERRA LEONE 2020|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/africa/west-and-central-africa/sierra-leone/report-sierra-leone/|website=Amnesty International|access-date=28 January 2022}}</ref> === Administrative divisions === {{Main|Administrative divisions of Sierra Leone}} [[File:Districts in Sierra Leone 2018.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|The 14 districts and 2 areas of Sierra Leone]] Chigaŵa cha Sierra Leone chili na vigaŵa vinkhondi: chigaŵa cha kumpoto, chigaŵa cha kumpoto cha kumanjiliro gha dazi, chigaŵa cha kumwera, chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi, na chigaŵa cha kumanjiliro gha dazi. Vigaŵa vinayi vili kugaŵika vigaŵa 14. Vigaŵa vya vigaŵa ivi vili kugaŵika mu vigaŵa 186, ivyo kanandi vikulongozgeka na ŵalongozgi ŵakuchindikika, awo boma la Britain likaŵamanya mu 1896. Ŵalongozgi aŵa ŵali na mazaza comene, comenecomene mu mizi na matawuni ghacoko. Ŵalongozgi ŵa mafuko wose ŵakaŵa na mafuko agho ghakamanyikwanga pa nyengo iyo. Kanandi ŵalongozgi ndiwo "ŵakupeleka misonkho, ŵeruzgi, na kugaŵa malo, agho ngakukhumbikwa chomene ku mizi". Mu vigaŵa vya boma, vigaŵa vikulamulirika nga ni malo. Chigaŵa chilichose chili na wupu wa chigaŵa uwo ukusankhika mwakudunjika.<ref name="Renner-Thomas 2010 6–7">{{Cite book |last =Renner-Thomas |first = Ade |title = Land Tenure in Sierra Leone: The Law, Dualism and the Making of a Land Policy |publisher =AuthorHouse |year =2010 |pages = 6–7 |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=RiIpW6vWVPoC&pg=PA5|isbn=978-1-4490-5866-1|access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = ActionAid launches Perception survey as new local councils struggle to survive |publisher = ActionAid |url = http://www.actionaid.org/tanzania/index.aspx?PageID=3925 |access-date = 26 February 2011 |archive-date = 25 September 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220925152420/http://www.actionaid.org/tanzania/index.aspx?PageID=3925 |url-status = dead }}</ref> Pafupifupi, pali maboma 19: maboma 13 gha vigaŵa, limoza pa vigaŵa 12 na limoza pa vigaŵa vya kumanjiliro gha dazi. Mu matawuni agha muli Freetown, ilo ni boma la Western Area Urban District, kweniso Bo, Bonthe, Kenema, Koidu, na Makeni.<ref name="Renner-Thomas 2010 6–7"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Sierra Leone|url=http://www.clgf.org.uk/regions/clgf-west-africa/sierra-leone/|website=Commonwealth Local Government Forum|access-date=12 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sierra Leone Human Development Report 2007 – Empowering Local Government for Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction – The District Focus Approach to Development |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/sierraleone_nhdr_20071.pdf|website=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|access-date=12 January 2018}}</ref> Nangauli makonsili gha vigaŵa ghakulongozgeka na maboma gha vigaŵa, kweni maboma agha ghakwendeskeka na Unduna wa Vyaru na Wupu Wakulongozga. {|class="wikitable" style="float:left;" !District!!Capital|!!Area (km²)||Province||Population<br /> (2004 census)<ref name=SSL>{{cite web |title =Final Results 2004 population and housing census |publisher=Statistics Sierra Leone |url=http://www.sierra-leone.org/Census/ssl_final_results.pdf|page=3|access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref><!--These are the official figures please do not change without discussion-->||Population<br /> (2015 census)<ref name=census2015>{{cite web |url=https://www.statistics.sl/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/2015-Census-Provisional-Result.pdf |title=Provisional Results |work=Sierra Leone 2015 Population and Housing Census |date=March 2016 |publisher=Statistics Sierra Leone}}</ref> |- |[[Bombali District]] ||[[Makeni]]||align="right"|7,985||rowspan="5"|[[Northern Province, Sierra Leone|Northern<br /> Province]]||align="right"|408,390||align="right"|606,183<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=adhoq&msz=1500&geo=-6636 |title=Bombali – profile of geographical entity including name variants |publisher=World Gazetteer |access-date=20 May 2012 }}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> |- ||[[Koinadugu District]] ||[[Kabala, Sierra Leone|Kabala]]||align="right"|12,121||align="right"|265,758||align="right"|408,097<ref name="Port Loko">{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=adhoq&msz=1500&geo=-6644 |title=Port Loko |publisher=World-gazetteer.com |access-date=20 May 2012 }}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> |- |[[Port Loko District]] ||[[Port Loko]]||align="right"|5,719||align="right"|453,746||align="right"|614,063<ref name="Port Loko"/> |- |[[Tonkolili District]] ||[[Magburaka]]||align="right"|7,003||align="right"|347,197||align="right"|530,776<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=adhoq&msz=1500&geo=-6647 |title=Tonkolili – profile of geographical entity including name variants |publisher=World Gazetteer |access-date=20 May 2012 }}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> |- |[[Kambia District]] ||[[Kambia, Sierra Leone|Kambia]]||align="right"|3,108||align="right"|270,462||align="right"|343,686<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=adhoq&msz=1500&geo=-6639 |title=Kambia – profile of geographical entity including name variants |publisher=World Gazetteer |access-date=20 May 2012 }}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> |- |[[Kenema District]] ||[[Kenema]]||align="right"|6,053||rowspan="3"|[[Eastern Province, Sierra Leone|Eastern<br /> Province]]||align="right"|497,948||align="right"|609,873<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=adhoq&msz=1500&geo=-6640 |title=Kenema – profile of geographical entity including name variants |publisher=World Gazetteer |access-date=20 May 2012 }}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> |- |[[Kono District]] ||[[Koidu|Koidu Town]] ||align="right"|5,641||align="right"|335,401||align="right"|505,767<ref name="World Gazetteer">{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=adhoq&msz=1500&geo=-6638 |title=Kailahun – profile of geographical entity including name variants |publisher=World Gazetteer |access-date=20 May 2012 }}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> |- |[[Kailahun District]] ||[[Kailahun]] ||align="right"|3,859||align="right"|358,190||align="right"|525,372<ref name="World Gazetteer"/> |- |[[Bo District]] ||[[Bo, Sierra Leone|Bo]] ||align="right"|5,219||rowspan="4"|[[Southern Province, Sierra Leone|Southern<br /> Province]]||align="right"|463,668||align="right"|574,201<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=adhoq&msz=1500&geo=-6635 |title=Bo – profile of geographical entity including name variants |publisher=World Gazetteer |access-date=20 May 2012 }}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> |- |[[Bonthe District]] ||[[Mattru Jong]] ||align="right"|3,468||align="right"|139,687||align="right"|200,730<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=adhoq&msz=1500&geo=-6637 |title=Bonthe |publisher=World-gazetteer.com |access-date=20 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.is/20121216134834/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=adhoq&msz=1500&geo=-6637 |archive-date=16 December 2012 }}</ref> |- |[[Pujehun District]] ||[[Pujehun]] ||align="right"|4,105||align="right"|228,392 ||align="right"|345,577 |- |[[Moyamba District]] ||[[Moyamba]] ||align="right"|6,902||align="right"|260,910 ||align="right"|318,064 |- |[[Western Area Urban District]] ||[[Freetown]] ||align="right"|13||rowspan="2"|[[Western Area|Western<br /> Area]]||align="right"|772,873||align="right"|1,050,301 |- |[[Western Area Rural District]] ||[[Waterloo, Sierra Leone|Waterloo]] ||align="right"|544||align="right"|174,249||align="right"|442,951 |} {{Clear}} == Chuma == {{Main|Economy of Sierra Leone}} [[File:GDP per capita development in Sierra Leone.svg|thumb|right|Historical GDP per capita development]] [[File:Sierra Leone Product Exports (2019).svg|thumb|right|A proportional representation of Sierra Leone exports, 2019]] Kuzakafika m'ma 1990, vinthu vikamba kunangika chomene mu vyaru ivi. Mu vyaka 10 vyakulondezgapo, vinthu vinandi vya mu charu ichi vikamara chifukwa cha nkhondo. Kufuma waka apo nkhondo yikamalira mu Janyuwale 2002, wovwiri ukuru wakufuma ku vyaru vinyake wawovwira kuti Sierra Leone yambe kunozgeka. Kuti vinthu viŵeko makora pa charu, boma likwenera kulimbana na vimbundi. Cinthu cimoza ico cikulongora kuti caru ici cizamuŵa cakukondwa ni umo boma likwendeskera makora vyakupangira dayamondi. Pali ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵambura nchito, comenecomene ŵawukirano na awo kale ŵakaŵa ŵasilikari. Ŵalara ŵa boma ŵakutondeka kufiska makora ndondomeko ya kunozga vinthu mu boma, ndipo ndondomeko ya kupanikizgira vinthu ku boma nayo yikucepa. Ndalama izo ŵakugwiliskira nchito ni leone. Banki yikuru ni Banki ya Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone yili na ndondomeko ya kusintha ndalama, ndipo ndalama za caru cinyake zingasinthika pa banki yiliyose, maofesi gha visulo vya visulo na mu mahotelo ghanandi. Ku Sierra Leone, ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira ntchito makadi gha ngongoli bweka yayi, nangauli ŵakugwiliskira ntchito mu mahotelo na malo ghanyake ghakurya. Mu Freetown muli mashini ghapachanya agho ghakupokelera makadi gha Visa. === Agriculture === {{Further|Agriculture in Sierra Leone}} [[File:Sierra Leone rice farmer.jpg|thumb|A farmer with his rice harvest in Sierra Leone. Two-thirds of Sierra Leone's population are directly involved in [[subsistence agriculture]].<ref name = "future">{{cite web |title = Settling for a future in Sierra Leone |publisher = New Agriculture |date = November 2007 |url = http://www.new-ag.info/focus/focusItem.php?a=291 |access-date = 20 February 2011 |archive-date = 4 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200804200645/http://www.new-ag.info/en/focus/focusItem.php?a=291 |url-status = dead }}</ref>]] Ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakukwana vigaŵa viŵiri pa vigaŵa vitatu. Mu 2007, vyakurya vikaŵa 58 peresenti ya GDP. Vyaru ni vyeneivyo vikugwilira nchito ŵanthu ŵanandi comene. Mpunga ndiwo ni vyakurya vyakuzirwa comene mu Sierra Leone, ndipo ŵalimi 85 pa 100 ŵali na mpunga mu nyengo ya vula, ndipo munthu yumoza wakurya makilogiramu 76 pa caka.<ref name="rice facts">{{Cite book |title =Rice today, Volume 3:Rice facts |publisher =International Rice Research|year =2004|page =48 |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=3PZjte6EADYC&q=rice+sierra+leone&pg=PA48}}</ref><ref name = "tour">{{Cite book |last=König|first=Dirk |title =Linking Agriculture to Tourism in Sierra Leone – a Preliminary Research |publisher =GRIN Verlag|year =2008|page =67 |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=ChOkCqPu_QMC&q=agriculture+economy+sierra+leone&pg=PA65|isbn=978-3-638-94680-3}}</ref><ref name = "deep rice">{{Cite book |last=Catling|first=David|title = Rice in deep water|publisher =Int. Rice Res. Inst.|year =1992|page = 372 |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=N5JxwKx1RAgC&q=rice+sierra+leone&pg=PA372|isbn=978-971-22-0005-2}}</ref><ref name="AFEC">{{Cite book |first=OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|last= African Development Bank|title =African Economic Outlook 2009: Country Notes: Volumes 1 and 2|publisher=OECD Publishing|year =2009|pages =561–562|isbn=978-92-64-07618-1}}</ref> === Mining === {{Further|Mining in Sierra Leone}} Charu cha Sierra Leone chili na vinthu vinandi vyakuthupi. Charu ichi chili pakati pa vyaru 10 ivyo vikupanga dayamondi zinandi chomene. Vinthu vyakuzirwa comene ivyo vikusangika pa caru capasi ni vyakununkhira. Charu cha Sierra Leone ndicho chikupanga dayamondi zinandi. Nangauli charu ichi chili na dayamondi zinandi, kweni kanandi chikuŵa na suzgo la kupanga na kutumizga dayamondi. Sierra Leone yikumanyikwa cifukwa ca malibwe gha ndopa agho ghakasangika na kuguliskika ku mabungwe gha malibwe gha ndopa mu nyengo ya nkhondo ya pawenenawene. Mu ma 1970, na kukwambilira kwa ma 1980, vinthu vikamba kwenda makora yayi pa charu chifukwa cha kunangika kwa migodi kweniso vimbundi ivyo vikachitikanga na ŵalara ŵa boma.<ref>{{cite news|title=UN targets 'blood diamonds' trade|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3117421.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=28 April 2011|date=1 August 2003}}</ref> {|class="wikitable infobox" style="margin-right: 0; margin-left: 1em; text-align:right;" |+ style="font-size: 115%;" |Percentage of GDP by sector (2007)<ref name="AFEC"/> |- ! scope="col" |Rank ! scope="col" |Sector ! scope="col" |Percentage<br /> of GDP |- ! scope="row" |1 |Agriculture |58.5 |- ! scope="row" |2 |Other services |10.4 |- ! scope="row" |3 |Trade and tourism |9.5 |- ! scope="row" |4 |Wholesale and retail trade |9.0 |- ! scope="row" |5 |Mining and quarrying |4.5 |- ! scope="row" |6 |Government Services |4.0 |- ! scope="row" |7 |Manufacturing and handicrafts |2.0 |- ! scope="row" |8 |Construction |1.7 |- ! scope="row" |9 |Electricity and water |0.4 |} Malibwe gha daimondi gha ku Sierra Leone ghakupangika pa chaka pa ndalama zakukwana madola 250 miliyoni na 300 miliyoni. Vinyake mwa ndalama izi ŵakuvipeleka mwakubisilizga, ndipo vingaŵa kuti ŵakugwiliskira nchito pakuguliska ndarama panji kupeleka ndalama. Kufuma waka pa nyengo ya nkhondo ya pawenenawene, vyakurya ivyo vikutolekera ku vyaru vinyake vyasintha comene. Mu Okutobala 2000, wupu wa UN ukazomerezga vyakupimira ma diamondi agho ghakuguliskika ku vyaru vinyake. Mu 2001, boma likapangiska kabungwe kakuwona vya kusambizga ŵanthu vya migodi (DACDF), ako kakuwezgera chigaŵa cha misonkho iyo ŵanthu ŵakupeleka ku migodi. Ndalama iyi yikapangika kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha ŵagulire malibwe gha dayamondi. Ku Sierra Leone kuli malibwe ghanandi chomene gha rutile, agho ghakugwiliskirika ntchito pa kupanga utoto. === Transport infrastructure === {{Main|Transport in Sierra Leone}} [[File:Kenema-Kailahun Road.jpg|thumb|The road from [[Kenema]] to [[Kailahun District]]]] Ku Sierra Leone kuli nthowa zinandi zakwendeskera vinthu. Mu Sierra Leone muli misewu ya makilomita 11,300 (7,000 miles), ndipo misewu ya makilomita 904 (562 mi) njakukhoma. Misewu yikuruyikuru ya ku Sierra Leone yikukolerana na ya ku Conakry, Guinea, na Monrovia, Liberia. Sierra Leone yili na dowoko likuru chomene pa charu cha Africa, ndipo likovwira ŵanthu kuti ŵende pa dowoko la Queen Elizabeth II Quay mu chigaŵa cha Cline Town, kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Freetown. Mu Sierra Leone muli misewu ya maji ya makilomita 800, ndipo 600 mwa misewu iyi njakwenda chaka chose. Matawuni ghakurughakuru agho ghali na dowoko ni Bonthe, Freetown, Sherbro Island, na Pepel. Ku Sierra Leone kuli ma eyapoti 10 gha chigaŵa na ya charu chose. Ndege ya Freetown International Airport, iyo yili mu tawuni ya Lungi kumpoto kwa Sierra Leone, ndiyo yikwendeskeka na ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone. Awo ŵakwenda ŵakwambuka mlonga uwu kuluta ku Aberdeen Helicopters mu Freetown na ndege, boti, panji ndege. Kweniso pali ndege zakufumira ku chiŵanja cha ndege kuluta ku misumba yinyake yikuruyikuru ya mu charu ichi. Malo agha ghali na misewu yitali yakujumpha mamita 3,047. Malo ghanyake gha ndege ghali na misewu yambura kujintha, ndipo ghankhondi na ghaŵiri ghali na misewu ya mamita 914 m'paka 1,523 mu utali. Sierra Leone wali pa ndandanda wa vyaru ivyo vikukanizgika kupeleka vyakupharazga ku ndege. Ichi chikung'anamura kuti palije ndege iyo yili kulembeka mu charu cha Sierra Leone iyo yingachita uteŵeti uliwose mu charu cha Europe. Ici nchifukwa cakuti malango ghakwendeskera vinthu ghakwenda makora yayi. Kufumira mu Malichi 2023, chiŵanja chimoza pera cha vyaru vya pasi pose mu charu ichi chikaŵa na ndege zakuluta ku Istanbul, Paris, Brussels na misumba yikuruyikuru ya ku West Africa. Mu Seputembala 2014 kukaŵa vigaŵa vinandi ivyo vikakanizgika kwenda nga ni Kailahun, Kenema, Bombali, Tonkolili, na Port Loko chifukwa cha Ebola.<ref>[http://news.sl/drwebsite/publish/article_200526223.shtml Sierra Leone News : Africell Presents Second Consignment of Food to all Quarantined Homes] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006141855/http://news.sl/drwebsite/publish/article_200526223.shtml|date=6 October 2014}}. News.sl. Retrieved 24 February 2017.</ref> === Energy in Sierra Leone === [[File:Sierra Leone electricity production.svg|thumb|Sierra Leone electricity production by source|300px]] ==== Overview ==== Mu 2016, ŵanthu pafupifupi 12% mu Sierra Leone ŵakaŵa na magesi. Pa ŵanthu 12 aŵa, 10 ŵakaŵa mu msumba wa Freetown, ndipo ŵanthu 90 awo ŵakakhalako ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito magesi gha 2 peresenti. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakugwiliskira ntchito makuni na malasha kuti ŵasange vyakukhumbikwa zuŵa na zuŵa. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuti para ŵanakazi na ŵana ŵakumalira nyengo yinandi pa moto uwu, ŵakuŵa na matenda. Kafukufuku munyake uyo wakachitika mu 2012, wakalongosora umo matenda gha nthenda ya kupumura ghakugwilira ntchito pa nyumba. Ŵakasanga kuti pa ŵana awo ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito vyoto vya nkhuni, 64% ŵakaŵa na ARI, ndipo awo ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito vyoto vya makara ŵakaŵa 44%. Kugwiliskira nchito malasha na nkhuni kwapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kughanaghanira comene vya cilengiwa, cifukwa vyose vikuyana yayi na umo ŵanthu ŵakughanaghanira vya kusanga nkhongono zakukwana. Pa cifukwa ici, ŵanthu ŵakususkana comene na awo ŵakupeleka wovwiri na mawupu gha boma nga ni Unduna wa vya Magesi na Maji na Dipatimenti ya Vipinda. Ŵanthu ŵakukhumba kuti nkhongono ya dazi na nkhongono ya maji viŵe vyakukhumbikwa chomene ku Sierra Leone chifukwa cha vilato vya Wupu wa United Nations pa nkhani ya vyamunthazi. Pakuti ku Sierra Leone kuli mphepo yakotcha, vula yikuru yikulokwa chaka chilichose, kweniso kuli milonga yinandi, nchiwemi kuti ŵanthu ŵagwiliskirenge nchito nkhongono za dazi na za maji.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=http://www.undp.org/content/dam/sierraleone/docs/focusareadocs/undp_sle_energyprofile.pdf|title=NATIONAL ENERGY PROFILE OF SIERRA LEONE [JUNE, 2012]|website=www.undp.org|access-date=16 December 2018|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807083545/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/sierraleone/docs/focusareadocs/undp_sle_energyprofile.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last1=Taylor|first1=Eldred Tunde|last2=Nakai|first2=Satoshi|date=19 June 2012|title=Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infections in Women and Children in Western Sierra Leone due to Smoke from Wood and Charcoal Stoves|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|volume=9|issue=6|pages=2252–2265|doi=10.3390/ijerph9062252|pmid=22829802|pmc=3397376|issn=1660-4601|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last1=Munro|first1=Paul|last2=van der Horst|first2=Greg|last3=Healy|first3=Stephen|date=June 2017|title=Energy justice for all? Rethinking Sustainable Development Goal 7 through struggles over traditional energy practices in Sierra Leone|journal=Energy Policy|volume=105|pages=635–641|doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2017.01.038|issn=0301-4215}}</ref> ==== Solar energy ==== Sierra Leone pamoza na Dipatimenti ya vya Vyakusazgirako Vyaru ya ku UK (DFID), ŵali na cilato cakuti mu 2025, ŵanthu wose ŵa mu caru ici ŵazakaŵe na magesi gha dazi. Chilato chikuru ichi chagaŵika mu vigaŵa vichoko. Cakwamba nchakuti mu 2016, nyumba 50,000 zizakapike nkhongono ya dazi. Caciŵiri, kuzakapeleka nkhongono ya dazi ku nyumba 250,000 mu 2017, ndipo caumaliro kuzakapeleka nkhongono ya dazi ku ŵanthu 1,000,000 mu 2020. Ndondomeko iyi yikukolerana na ndondomeko ya Energy Africa Access Campaign iyo yikukhumba kupeleka magesi ku vyaru 14 vya mu Africa m'paka mu 2030. Pambere ndondomeko iyi yindakhazikiskike, boma la Sierra Leone likaŵa na nkhongono yichoko pa nkhani ya magesi gha dazi. Chifukwa chimoza ntchakuti ŵakaŵavya malango ghakwendeskera vinthu. Kuti viwovwire kukwaniska chilato cha Energy Africa, charu cha Sierra Leone chazomera kuwuskapo msonkho pa vinthu ivyo vikupangika na nkhongono ya dazi. Kusintha uku kukovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku vyaru vinyake ŵagwiliskirenge ntchito nkhongono ya dazi. Ŵakuwona kuti para palije msonkho na misonkho, mtengo wa vinthu vya zuŵa ungakhira na 30 panji 40 peresenti.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Energy Africa Access Campaign Policy Compact Sierra Leone Final Report |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5aec17b7ed915d42f7c6beab/Energy_Africa_Access_Campaign_-_Policy_Compact_Sierra_Leone_Final_Report.pdf |access-date=2018-12-16 |website=assets.publishing.service.gov.uk}}</ref> ==== Hydroelectric power ==== Mu 2012, Sierra Leone wakaŵa na magesi ghakukwana 3. Yachiŵiri ni ya Dodo iyo yili mu chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi, ndipo yaumaliro ni ya Bumbuna. Kweniso pali vyalo vinandi ivyo vingazenga magesi pa mlonga wa Sewa, Pampana, Seli, Moa, na Little Scarcies. Pa milimo yose iyi, iyo yili kumalizgika na iyo yikwenera kucitika, damu la Bumbuna ndilo lichali likuru comene pa maofesi gha maji mu Sierra Leone. Malo agha ghali pafupi na Mlonga wa Seli na Freetown, ndipo ghakupanga magesi pafupifupi 50 megawati. Mu 2017, ŵakakhumbanga kusazgirako nkhongono ya sitima iyi kufika pa ma megawati 400. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakughanaghana kuti chiziŵa cha Bumbuna chingachepeska ndalama izo ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira ntchito pakugura mafuta kufuma ku vyaru vinyake. Kale, nchito iyi yikapokera ndalama zakujumpha madola 200 miliyoni kufuma ku Banki ya Caru Cose, Banki ya vya Vyakusazgirako ya ku Africa, na kampani ya ku Italy yakucemeka Salini Impregilo.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=The endgame of the Bumbuna hydroelectric plant project |url=https://www.centreforpublicimpact.org/case-study/bumbuna-hydroelectric-plant/ |access-date=2018-12-16 |website=Centre for Public Impact (CPI)}}</ref><ref name=":7" /> == Ŵanthu == {{Main|Demographics of Sierra Leone|Languages of Sierra Leone}} [[File:Sierra-Leone-demography.png|thumb|Sierra Leone's total population, from 1961 to 2013]] Mu 2019 Sierra Leone yikaŵa na ŵanthu 7,813,215 ndipo yikakuranga 2.216% pa chaka. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa mu charu ichi mbawukirano, ndipo ŵanthu 41.7% ŵali na vyaka vyakukwana 15. Chifukwa cha kusamukira ku misumba, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala mu matawuni, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakuwona kuti matawuni agha ghakusazgikira na 2.9% pa chaka.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web |title=Sierra Leone |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sierra-leone/ |access-date=15 September 2011 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]}}</ref><ref name="Renner-Thomas 2010 5">{{Cite book |last =Renner-Thomas |first = Ade |title = Land Tenure in Sierra Leone: The Law, Dualism and the Making of a Land Policy |publisher =AuthorHouse |year =2010 |page = 5 |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=RiIpW6vWVPoC&pg=PA5|isbn=978-1-4490-5866-1|access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref> Mu Sierra Leone, ŵanthu ŵakupambana chomene. Chigaŵa cha Western Area Urban District, icho chikusazgapo Freetown, msumba ukuru na ukuru chomene, chili na ŵanthu 1,224 pa km2. Chigaŵa chikuru chomene cha Koinadugu chili na ŵanthu ŵachoko chomene, ŵanthu 21.4 pa km2. Cingelezi ni ciyowoyero ca boma, ndipo cikuyowoyeka mu masukulu, mu boma na mu vyakupharazga. Chiyowoyero cha Krio (chakufuma ku Chingelezi na viyowoyero vinyake vya ku Africa, kweniso chiyowoyero cha ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone) ndicho chikuyowoyeka chomene mu vigaŵa vyose vya Sierra Leone. Pakuti chiyowoyero cha Krio chikayowoyeka na ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 90 peresenti, chikovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yose ŵakoleranenge. Pamanyuma pa wovwiri wa gulu la United Nations Peacekeeping Force la ku Bangladesh mu Nkhondo ya ku Sierra Leone, boma la Ahmad Tejan Kabbah likati chibengali ni chiyowoyero chakuzirwa mu Disembala 2002. Kuyana na lipoti la World Refugee Survey 2008, ilo Komiti ya ku United States yakuwona vya ŵanthu ŵakuchimbira kwawo na awo ŵiza mu charu ichi yikalemba, ku Sierra Leone kukaŵa ŵanthu 8,700 awo ŵakachimbilira ku charu ichi. Mu 2007, ŵanthu pafupifupi 20,000 ŵakufuma ku Liberia ŵakawelera ku Liberia. Pa ŵanthu wose awo ŵakakhalako mu Sierra Leone, pafupifupi wose ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Liberia.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2008">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2008|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|date=19 June 2008|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2008-world-refugee-survey.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228132236/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2008-world-refugee-survey.html|archive-date=28 December 2012}}</ref>{{Largest cities | name = Largest cities of Sierra Leone | country = Sierra Leone | stat_ref = Government of Sierra Leone 2004 Census<ref>{{Cite web | title = Final Results 2004 population and housing census | publisher = Government of Sierra Leone| year = 2006 | url =http://www.sierra-leone.org/Census/ssl_final_results.pdf| access-date = 26 February 2011}}</ref><!--These are the official figures; please do not change without discussion--> | list_by_pop = List of cities in Sierra Leone | div_name = District | city_1 = Freetown | div_1 = Western Area Urban District | pop_1 = 853,651 | img_1 = Freetown-aerialview.jpg | city_2 = Bo, Sierra Leone {{!}} Bo| div_2 =Bo District|pop_2 = 149,957 |img_2=Bo-City-Sierra-Leone.jpg | city_3 = Kenema| div_3 =Kenema District |pop_3 = 128,402|img_3=Kenema.jpg | city_4 = Makeni| div_4 = Bombali District|pop_4 = 82,940 | city_5 = Koidu {{!}} Koidu Town| div_5 = Kono District|pop_5 = 80,025|img_4=KoiduStreet.jpg | city_6 = Lunsar| div_6 = Port Loko District|pop_6 = 24,450 | city_7 = Port Loko| div_7 =Port Loko District |pop_7 = 23,195 | city_8 = Pandebu-Tokpombu |div_8 = Kenema District|pop_8 = 20,219 | city_9 = Kabala, Sierra Leone {{!}} Kabala| div_9 =Koinadugu District |pop_9 = 19,074 | city_10 =Waterloo, Sierra Leone {{!}} Waterloo| div_10 = Western Area Urban District|pop_10 = 18,579 }} Ŵanthu awo ŵali mu misumba yikuruyikuru yinkhondi ŵali kupendeka mu 2004. Chiŵelengero cha Freetown chikulongora chigaŵa cha Western Urban Area (Greater Freetown). Viŵelengero vinyake ni ivyo vyafuma ku ŵanthu awo ŵakuzunulika. Ŵanthu ŵakuyowoya vyakupambanapambana. Ŵanyake ŵakuti Magburaka wakwenera kuŵikika pa ndondomeko iyi, kweni pali mphambano yikuru pakati pa mabuku agha. Buku linyake likuti ŵanthu aŵa ŵalipo 14,915, apo linyake likuti ŵalipo 85,313. "Pandebu-Tokpombu" panji ni tawuni ya Torgbonbu, iyo yikaŵa na ŵanthu 10,716 pa kalembera wa 2004. Mu tawuni iyi mukaŵa ŵanthu 12,139. Kuyana na kalembera wa mu 2004, mu tawuni ya Waterloo mukaŵa ŵanthu 34,079.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://population-of.com/en/Sierra-Leone/02/Magburaka |title=Population of Magburaka |publisher=Population-of.com |access-date=22 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.exaf.eu/exaf/page.php?pid=210 |title=Exaf |publisher=Exaf.EU |access-date=22 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720161721/http://www.exaf.eu/exaf/page.php?pid=210 |archive-date=20 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{Clear}} === Chisopo === {{main|Religion in Sierra Leone}} {{bar box |float=right |titlebar=#ddd |title=[[Religion in Sierra Leone]] (2020)<ref name=religions>{{cite web | url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/sierra-leone#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2015 | title=Religions in Sierra Leone &#124; PEW-GRF}}</ref> |left1=Religion |right1=percent |bars= {{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|78.5}} {{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|Blue|20.4}} {{bar percent|Other faiths|black|1.1}} }} [[File: Pendemdu Mosque and Church.JPG|thumb|A mosque and a church in Sierra Leone]] Ku Sierra Leone kulije visopa. Chisilamu na Chikhristu ni visopa vikuruvikuru mu caru ici. Dango la Sierra Leone likuti ŵanthu ŵaŵenge na wanangwa wakusopa, ndipo boma likuwuvikilira. Boma la Sierra Leone likukanizgika na dango kwamba chisopa cha boma, nangauli ŵanthu ŵa chisopa cha Chisilamu na Chikhristu ŵakutemwa kulomba pa nyengo ya viphikiro vikuruvikuru vya ndyali. Ŵanthu ŵa visopa vyakupambanapambana mu Sierra Leone, nangauli Ŵasilamu ndiwo ŵanandi. Ku Sierra Leone, ŵanthu 77% mbasilamu, 22% Mbakhristu, ndipo 1% ŵakusopa chisopa cha ku Africa. Kuyana na kafukufuku wa Pew Research Center wa mu 2020, 78.5% ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone mba Chisilamu (kanandi Ŵasuni), 20.4% mba Chikhristu (kanandi Ŵaprotesitanti) ndipo 1.1% ŵali mu chisopa cha ku Africa. Wupu wa Inter-Religious Council of Sierra Leone ukati ŵanthu 77% ku Sierra Leone Mbakhristu, 21% Mbasilamu, ndipo 2% Mbalondezgi ŵa visopa vya ku Africa. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Sierra Leone mba Chislamu, kusazgapo ŵanthu ŵa mitundu ya Mende na Temne. Charu cha Sierra Leone chili na ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakutemwa kusopa.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21603015-sierra-leone-bucks-west-african-trend-celebrating-its-religious-tolerance-all|title=All things happily to all men|newspaper=The Economist}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Major Religions of Sierra Leone|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-religions-are-practised-in-sierra-leone.html|access-date=2021-04-30|website=WorldAtlas|date=4 April 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ayvnewspaper.com/index.php/k2-categories/politics/item/849-sierra-leone-hailed-for-religious-tolerance|title=Sierra Leone Hailed for Religious Tolerance|date=March 3, 2016|website=AYV Newspaper|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401123817/http://ayvnewspaper.com/index.php/k2-categories/politics/item/849-sierra-leone-hailed-for-religious-tolerance|archive-date=1 April 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Maholide ghanandi gha Cisilamu na Cikhristu ni maholide gha caru, ndipo nkhondo za cisopa zikucitika viŵi yayi. Ku Sierra Leone kuli wupu wa Inter-Religious Council, uwo uli na ŵalongozgi ŵa visopa vya Chikhristu na Chisilamu, ndipo ukovwira kuti mu charu chose muŵe mtende.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.unicef.org/wcaro/2009_5743.html |title=Media Centre – In Sierra Leone, partnerships with religious leaders help combat child mortality |publisher=UNICEF |date=29 November 2010 |access-date=20 March 2014 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822014727/https://www.unicef.org/wcaro/2009_5743.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.religionsforpeaceinternational.org/what-we-do/stop-war/conflict-transformation |title=Conflict Transformation |publisher=Religions for Peace International |access-date=20 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228053733/http://www.religionsforpeaceinternational.org/what-we-do/stop-war/conflict-transformation |archive-date=28 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://gbgm-umc.org/umcor/emergency/ircsl.stm |title=Interreligious Community Advocates for Peace in Sierra Leone with photos |publisher=Gbgm-umc.org |access-date=20 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717070939/http://gbgm-umc.org/umcor/emergency/ircsl.stm |archive-date=17 July 2013}}</ref> Maholide gha Chisilamu gha Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha na Maulid-un-Nabi (Zuŵa lakubabikira nchimi ya Chisilamu Muhammad) ghakuwoneka nga ni maholide gha chalo mu Sierra Leone. Maholide gha Chikhristu gha Khisimasi, Boxing Day, Good Friday na Easter nagho ni maholide gha charu cha Sierra Leone. Pa nkhani za ndyali, ŵanthu ŵanandi ku Sierra Leone ŵakuvotera munthu munyake, kwali ni Muslamu panji Mkhristu. Ŵalongozgi wose ŵa boma la Sierra Leone ŵakaŵa Ŵakristu padera pa Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, uyo wakaŵa Musilamu. Ŵasilamu ŵanandi ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakulondezga chisopa cha Sunni. Masisiteri ghanandi na masukulu gha Cisilamu mu Sierra Leone ghali na visopa vya Cisilamu. Ŵasilamu ŵa Ahmadiyya ŵalipo pafupifupi 10 peresenti. Mu Sierra Leone muli ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa chisopa cha Ahmadiyya, chomenechomene mu tawuni ya Bo, iyo yili kumwera kwa charu ichi. Mu Sierra Leone mose muli masisiteri 500 gha Ahmadiyya. Mu Sierra Leone mulije chisopa cha Chishiya, ndipo mu charu ichi mulije Ŵasilamu. Ŵasilamu ŵanandi ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵa chisopa cha Sunni na Ahmadiyya ŵakulombera lumoza mu mzikiti umoza.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sierraleone365.com/feature-stories/ahmadiyya-movement-goes-mainstream-in-sierra-leone|title=Ahmadiyya Movement Goes Mainstream in Sierra Leone|last=Bah|first=Hadi|website=sierraleone365.com|access-date=6 December 2016|archive-date=25 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425100138/http://sierraleone365.com/feature-stories/ahmadiyya-movement-goes-mainstream-in-sierra-leone|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160101131640/http://ahmadiyyatimes.blogspot.com/2010/03/bo-ahmadiya-muslim-secondary-school.html Sierra Leone: Bo Ahmadiya Muslim Secondary School Golden Jubilee, Former Principal and Secretary-General Honoured]. ''Ahmadiyya Times'' (23 March 2010)</ref> Ŵasilamu ŵanandi ku Sierra Leone ŵakulondezga chisopa cha Maliki. Sukulu ya Maliki ndiyo yikuluska mu vyaru vyose vya Sierra Leone. Ŵasilamu ŵanandi ŵa Ahmadiyya mu Sierra Leone ŵakulondezga fundo za Maliki. Wupu wa Islamic Supreme Council wa Sierra Leone ni wupu wa chisopa cha Chisilamu ku Sierra Leone. Sheikh Muhammad Taha Jalloh ni purezidenti wa Supreme Islamic Council ya Sierra Leone. Wupu wa United Council of Imams, ni wupu wa cisopa wa Islamic mu Sierra Leone, uwo uli na ŵaliska wose ŵa masisiteri mu Sierra Leone. Mulongozgi wa United Council of Imam ni Sheikh Alhaji Muhammad Habib Sheriff. Masisiteri ghaŵiri ghakuru chomene mu Sierra Leone ni Freetown Central Mosque na Gaddafi Central Mosque (ghakazengeka na Muammar Gaddafi), ghose ghali mu msumba wa Freetown. Ŵakhristu ŵanandi ŵa ku Sierra Leone Mbaprotesitanti, ndipo ŵa mpingo wa Wesleyan ndiwo mbanandi comene.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.umc.org/site/apps/nlnet/content3.aspx?c=lwL4KnN1LtH&b=5794273&ct=6470237&notoc=1 |title=United Methodists elect bishop for Sierra Leone |publisher=UMC.org |date=22 December 2008 |access-date=23 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100506164251/http://www.umc.org/site/apps/nlnet/content3.aspx?c=lwL4KnN1LtH&b=5794273&ct=6470237&notoc=1 |archive-date=6 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/methodist-church-sierra-leone |title=Methodist Church Sierra Leone — World Council of Churches |publisher=Oikoumene.org |date=28 January 2013 |access-date=23 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.xpointumc.org/missions/report-of-sierra-leone/ |title=Crosspoint United Methodist Church – Welcome » Sierra Leone |publisher=Xpointumc.org |access-date=23 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927081948/http://www.xpointumc.org/missions/report-of-sierra-leone/ |archive-date=27 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.efsl.evang.org/about-efsl/our-history |title=The History of the Evangelical Fellowship of Sierra Leone |publisher=Efsl.evang.org |date=24 August 1959 |access-date=23 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928003048/http://www.efsl.evang.org/about-efsl/our-history |archive-date=28 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tectsl.org/ |title=The Evangelical College of Theology Sierra Leone |publisher=Tectsl.org |access-date=23 September 2013}}</ref> Matchalitchi ghanyake gha Cikhristu gha Ciphwitikizi agho ghalipo comene mu caru ici ni Presbyterians, Baptists, Seventh-day Adventists Anglicans, Lutherans, na Pentecostals. Wupu wa Council of Churches ni wupu wa cisopa wa Cikhristu uwo uli na matchalitchi gha Ciphwitikizi mu Sierra Leone. Sonosono apa, matchalitchi gha Pentekoste ghakusazgikira, comenecomene mu Freetown. Mu Seputembala 2017, muliska Wachikhristu wa ku Sierra Leone wakuchemeka Victor Ajisafe wakakakika na ŵapolisi ŵa ku Sierra Leone ndipo ŵakamujalira mu jele pamanyuma pakuti wakayowoya mazgu ghakwimikana na Chisilamu na Ŵasilamu ŵa ku Sierra Leone. Ajisafe wakwenera kuti wakakwiya comene cifukwa Mufti Menk, muliska wa cisopa ca Ciislamu wa ku Zimbabwe, wakaluta ku Sierra Leone na kupharazga ku ŵanthu ŵanandi. Magulu ghanandi gha Chikhristu mu Sierra Leone, kusazgapo Wupu wa Matchalitchi, ghakakanizga nkhani ya Ajisafe yakususkana na Chisilamu na Ŵasilamu. Boma la Sierra Leone likajara tchalitchi la Ajisafe ndipo likalekeskaso kusopa. Nkhani iyi yikapangiska kuti mu Sierra Leone muŵe masuzgo gha visopa, chifukwa ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Sierra Leone awo Mbasilamu, ŵakakhumbanga kuti Ajisafe wawelere ku Nigeria. Muliska uyu apo wakaŵa mu jele wakaphepiska ku Ŵasilamu ŵa ku Sierra Leone na ku boma la Sierra Leone. Wakati wakhala mu jele mazuŵa ghanandi, Ajisafe ŵakamufumiska, ndipo ŵakamuwezgera layisensi ya mpingo wake. Ŵaprotesitanti awo ŵali mu visopa vinyake ndiwo mbanandi chomene mu Sierra Leone. Ŵanthu ŵanandi awo Mbakhristu ku Sierra Leone mbakatolika. Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova na ŵa Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ndiwo Mbakhristu ŵakumanyikwa chomene mu Sierra Leone. Mu msumba wa Freetown mukukhala Ŵakhristu ŵa Orthodox.<ref>Tsolakidou, Stella, [http://world.greekreporter.com/2013/01/30/troubled-orthodox-mission-in-sierra-leone/ "Troubled Orthodox Mission in Sierra Leone"]. GreekReporter.com. Retrieved 24 February 2017.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/facts-and-statistics/country/sierra-leone |title=Sierra Leone – LDS Statistics and Church Facts &#124; Total Church Membership |publisher=churchofjesuschrist.org |date=24 July 2007 |access-date=23 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Gerry |last=Avant |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/765616902/Historic-milestone-Sierra-Leone-stake-marks-LDS-Churchs-3000th.html?pg=all |title=Historic milestone: Sierra Leone stake marks LDS Church's 3,000th |newspaper=Deseret News |date=2 December 2012 |access-date=23 September 2013 |archive-date=27 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927114817/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/765616902/Historic-milestone-Sierra-Leone-stake-marks-LDS-Churchs-3000th.html?pg=all |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jw.org/en/jehovahs-witnesses/offices/sierra-leone/ |title=Visitors & Tours: Jehovahs Witnesses Office in Sierra Leone |publisher=Jw.org |access-date=23 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005142744/http://www.jw.org/en/jehovahs-witnesses/offices/sierra-leone/ |archive-date=5 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=11887 |title=Sierra Leone: in wake of brutal war, churches full: News Headlines |publisher=Catholic Culture |date=28 September 2011 |access-date=23 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.catholicchurchsl.org/ |title=catholicchurchsl.org |publisher=catholicchurchsl.org |access-date=20 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504130803/http://www.catholicchurchsl.org/ |archive-date=4 May 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ethnic groups === {{Further|Ethnic groups in Sierra Leone}} [[File: Sierra Leone ethnic groups.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|The distribution of [[Ethnic groups in Sierra Leone|major ethnic groups within Sierra Leone]]]] {|class="wikitable infobox" style="margin-right:0; margin-left:1em;" |- |'''Ethnic groups<br />of Sierra Leone'''<ref name =Census2015/> |- |[[Temne people|Temne]] | 32.5% |- |[[Mende people|Mende]] | 30.2% |- |[[Fula people (Sierra Leone)|Fula]] | 12.4% |- |[[Limba people (Sierra Leone)|Limba]] | 4.4% |- |[[Kono people|kono]] | 3.4% |- |[[Susu people|Susu]] | 2.9% |- |[[Loko people|Loko]] | 2.9% |- |[[Koranko people|Koranko]] | 2.8% |- |[[Sherbro people|Sherbro]] | 2.6% |- |[[Mandingo people of Sierra Leone|Mandingo]] | 2.4% |- |[[Sierra Leone Creole people|Krio]] | 1.3% |- |} Mu Sierra Leone muli mitundu pafupifupi 16 ndipo yimoza yili na chiyowoyero chake. Yikulu chomene na yakukhora chomene ni Temne, iyo yili na 35.5% ndipo Mende, iyo yili pafupi na 33.2%. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Temne mbasilamu, 85%; ndipo Ŵakhristu mbanandi chomene. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Mende nawo mbasilamu pafupifupi 70%, nangauli ŵali na Ŵakhristu ŵanandi chomene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewpeople.com/national-news/politics/item/1764-sierra-leone-the-temnes-and-the-politics-of-the-all-peoples%E2%80%99-congress-apc |title=Sierra Leone: The Temnes and the Politics of the All Peoples' Congress (APC) |publisher=Thenewpeople.com |access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref> Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Mende awo ŵakugomezga kuti mbana ŵa mtundu wa Mane, ndiwo ŵakakhalanga mu charu cha Liberia. Ŵakamba kwiza ku Sierra Leone mwakuzika kweniso mwamtende mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuti Ŵatemne ŵakafuma ku Futa Jallon, uko sono ni Guinea. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Limba ndiwo ŵali pa nambara yacitatu pa ŵanthu wose ŵa mu caru ici. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Limba ŵakukhala ku Sierra Leone. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵalije mitheto yakulongora kuti ŵakafuma ku vyaru vinyake, ndipo ŵakugomezga kuti ŵakakhalanga ku Sierra Leone pambere ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵandafike. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Limba ŵakukhala ku Northern Sierra Leone, chomenechomene ku Bombali, Kambia na Koinadugu District. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Limba ŵalipo 60 peresenti Mbakhristu ndipo 40 peresenti Mbasilamu. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Limba ŵakukolerana comene na ŵa ku Temne. Kufuma waka apo charu cha Sierra Leone chikapokera wanangwa wake, Ŵalimba ŵakulongozga ndyali pamoza na Ŵamende. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Limba ŵakukolerana na chipani cha All People's Congress (APC). Pulezidenti wakwamba na wachiŵiri wa Sierra Leone, Siaka Stevens na Joseph Saidu Momoh, wose ŵakaŵa ŵa fuko la Limba. Alfred Paolo Conteh, uyo wakaŵa nduna ya vya kuvikilira Sierra Leone, ni wa fuko la Limba. Gulu linyake la ŵanthu ŵachoko chomene ni Ŵafula, awo ŵalipo 3.8%. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵali kufuma ku Fula awo ŵakakhalanga mu chigaŵa cha Fouta Djalon ku Guinea. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Fula ŵalipo 99 peresenti awo Mbasilamu. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa mtundu wa Fula mbazamalonda, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakukhala mu nyumba za ŵanthu ŵakuzirwa. Chifukwa cha malonda ghawo, Ŵafula ŵakusangika pafupifupi mu vigaŵa vyose vya charu ichi. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu uwu ni Mandingo (awo ŵakuchemekaso kuti Mandinka). Iwo mbana ŵa ŵamalonda kufuma ku Guinea awo ŵakasamira ku Sierra Leone mu vyaka vya m'ma 1900. Ŵanyake mwa ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu chigaŵa ichi ni Kono, awo ŵakukhala chomene mu chigaŵa cha Kono ku Sierra Leone. Ŵanyake mwa iwo ni Kono, ndipo ŵali kufuma ku Guinea. Ŵanthu ŵachoko chomene awo ŵali mu gulu la ŵanthu ŵa ku Creole panji Krio (ŵeneawo ni ŵazga ŵa ku Africa, West Indies, na Free African Slaves awo ŵakakhalanga mu Freetown pakati pa 1787 na 1885) ŵali pa ŵanthu pafupifupi 3%. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone ndiwo ŵakalongozganga chomene boma la Sierra Leone kweniso ŵanthu ŵa ku Freetown. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Creole ndiwo ŵakamba kusambizgika ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Oku mbana ŵa ŵanthu ŵa ku Nigeria, awo ŵakafuma ku maufumu gha ku Southwest Nigeria ndipo ŵakasamira ku Sierra Leone nga mbanthu ŵa ku Africa. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Okun ŵakukhala mu vigaŵa vya Fourah Bay, Fula Town, na Aberdeen. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa mitundu iyi ni Ŵakurankoko, awo ŵali na mbumba ya ku Mandingo ndipo ni Ŵasilamu. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakamba kufika ku Sierra Leone kufuma ku Guinea mu 1600 ndipo ŵakakhazikika kumpoto, chomenechomene mu chigaŵa cha Koinadugu. Ŵakurankolo ni ŵalimi; ŵalongozgi pakati pawo ŵali na maudindo ghanandi mu ŵasilikari. Loko kumpoto ni ŵanthu ŵakwambilira ŵa Sierra Leone, awo ŵakugomezga kuti ŵakakhala mu Sierra Leone kufuma nyengo ya kukumana kwa Europe. Nga ni Temne, Ŵagineya Bissau, na Guinea Conakry, awo ŵakukhala kumpoto kwa Sierra Leone. Ŵasusu na Yalunka awo ŵakukolerana nawo mbamalonda. Magulu ghose ghaŵiri ghakusangika kumpoto chomene ku Kambia na chigaŵa cha Koinadugu kufupi na mphaka na Guinea. Iwo ni Ŵasulumane wose. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Jonkeka, Jonkeka , Djissa, Djilima, panji kuti Jankeka, ŵakukhala ku chigaŵa cha kumpoto kwa Guinea. Ŵasekuru ŵa ŵanthu ŵa ku Jankeka na Jankeka ŵakukhala ku Northern Guinea. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Kissi ŵakukhala mu chigaŵa cha kumwera kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Sierra Leone. Ŵakufuma ku chigaŵa cha Koindu na vigaŵa vya kunthazi kwa chigaŵa cha Kailahun. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu uwu mbanandi chomene. Ŵanthu ŵa mitundu ya Vai na Kru ŵakusangika chomene mu chigaŵa ichi. Ku chigaŵa cha Bonthe kumwera kuli Sherbro. Ŵakufuma ku Sierra Leone, ŵakukhala pa Chirwa cha Sherbro kufuma apo chikaŵikika. Ŵakuŵa ŵalimi na ŵalovi, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakuŵako mu chigaŵa cha Bontee. Ŵanthu ŵachoko waka ŵa ku Sierra Leone mba fuko la ku Lebanon, awo mbana ŵa ŵamalonda awo ŵakamba kwiza ku Lebanon mu vyaka vya m'ma 1900. ===Gender equality=== ==== Household ==== Nangauli mu Sierra Leone ŵanakazi ndiwo ŵali na ciŵelengero ca ŵanthu pafupifupi 50 pa ŵanthu 100, kweni 28 pera pa ŵanthu 100 ŵaliwose ndiwo ŵakulongozga mbumba. Nga umo viliri mu vyaru vinyake, masambiro ngakukhumbikwa comene kuti munthu waŵe na nchito yiwemi na nyumba. Mu vigaŵa vya mizi ndimo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutondeka kusambira, ndipo ŵanalume pera ndiwo ŵali na masambiro ghapachanya. Mu Sierra Leone, ŵanalume ndiwo ŵakuŵa mitu ya mbumba, ndipo ŵakuŵa ŵambura kutengwa nangauli nthengwa yawo yingasintha. Ndipouli, mbumba ya ŵanakazi yikusintha kuyana na umo nthengwa yawo yiliri. Mwanakazi wangaŵa mutu wa mbumba pekha usange waŵenge wambura kutengwa umoyo wake wose. Kweni para mwanakazi watora, wakuŵa na mazaza yayi pa nyumba. Ŵanakazi ndiwo ŵangaŵa mutu wa mbumba usange ŵafumu ŵawo ŵafwa panji ŵapatika. Pa nkhani ya ntchito, ŵanthu ŵakukhazga kuti mbumba ndiyo yivikilirenge mbumba. Ndipouli, ŵanakazi ŵakusuzgika cifukwa ca kusankhana mitundu. Ŵanakazi ndiwo ŵakupokera malipiro ghanandi kuluska ŵanalume (15.2).<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |last=Fatou Taqi |first=Fatou, Marian, Alimatu |author2=Marian Vinnie-Wilson |author3=Alimatu Vandi |date=2015 |title=Sierra Leone 2015 Population and Housing Census Thematic Report on Gender |url=https://www.statistics.sl/images/StatisticsSL/Documents/Census/2015/sl_2015_phc_thematic_report_on_gender.pdf}}</ref> ==== War ==== Ku Sierra Leone, ŵana awo ŵakakanizgika kurwa nkhondo ŵakusuzgika maghanoghano na maghanoghano. Ndipouli, uheni wa nkhondo na umo ŵangamazgira vikuthemba pa mtundu wa ŵana. Ŵanalume na ŵanakazi wose ŵakacitikanga nkhaza zinandi. Ŵanakazi awo ŵakacizgika comene, ŵakamba kusuzgika maghanoghano na kwenjerwa comene. Kweni ŵanalume ndiwo ŵakafipanga mtima comene na vinthu ivi. Ŵanalume nawo ŵakusuzgika chomene maghanoghano para munthu uyo wakuŵapwelelera wafwa.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|date=2011-07-01|title=Sierra Leone's Child Soldiers: War Exposures and Mental Health Problems by Gender|journal=Journal of Adolescent Health|volume=49|issue=1|pages=21–28|doi=10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.09.021|pmid=21700152|pmc=3124662|issn=1054-139X|last1=Betancourt|first1=Theresa S.|last2=Borisova|first2=Ivelina I.|last3=de la Soudière|first3=Marie|last4=Williamson|first4=John}}</ref> ==== Female economy ==== Ŵanakazi ŵakutambuzgika para ŵakukhumba wovwiri wa ndalama, wovwiri wa ŵanthu, na wovwiri wakukhwaskana na kakhaliro ka ŵanthu. Ntchakusuzga kugega suzgo la vyachuma mu Sierra Leone cifukwa cakuti ŵanakazi ndiwo ŵakupanga hafu ya ŵanthu wose mu caru ici. Cifukwa cakuti ŵanakazi ŵakutondeka kusambira masambiro ghapacanya, ndiwo ŵakumanya makora yayi umo ŵangapokera makalata gha bizinesi, kulembeska mazina ghawo, panji kupanga mapangano. Kuleka kuŵa na ndalama zakukwana kuti ŵambe bizinesi yiphya ni suzgo likuru comene ku ŵanakazi. Chifukwa cha kusoŵerwa kwa vinthu vya tekinoloje, comenecomene mu Sierra Leone mose, nchakusuzga kovwira bizinesi kuti yendenge makora.<ref name=":4" /> === Education === {{Main|Education in Sierra Leone}} [[File:Classroom at a seconday school in Pendembu Sierra Leone.jpg|thumb|left|A secondary school class in [[Pendembu]], [[Kailahun District]]]] Ku Sierra Leone, dango likuti ŵana wose ŵasambirenge vyaka vinkhondi na cimoza vya pulayimale (P1-P6) na vyaka vitatu vya sekondare. Kweni chifukwa cha kusoŵa kwa masukulu na ŵasambizgi, sukulu izi zingachitika yayi. Ŵanandi awo ŵakukhala mu charu ichi ŵakumanya yayi kuŵazga na kulemba. Nkhondo ya pawenenawene ya ku Sierra Leone yikapangiska kuti masukulu gha pulayimare 1,270 ghasakazgike, ndipo mu 2001, ŵana 67 pa ŵana 100 ŵaliwose awo ŵakaŵa ku sukulu ŵakaluta yayi ku sukulu. Kufuma waka pa nyengo iyi, vinthu vikwenda makora chomene, ndipo chiŵelengero cha ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵakwamba chikukwera kaŵiri kufuma mu 2001 m'paka mu 2005, kweniso sukulu zinandi zili kuzengekaso kufuma apo nkhondo yikamalira. Ŵana ŵa sukulu za pulayimale kanandi ŵakuŵa na vyaka vyapakati pa 6 na 12. Masukulu gha boma ghakupeleka masambiro ghapachanya kwambura kulipira. Charu ichi chili na ma yunivesite ghatatu: Fourah Bay College, ilo likakhazikiskika mu 1827 (yunivesite yakale chomene ku West Africa), University of Makeni (iyo yikakhazikiskika mu Seputembala 2005 nga The Fatima Institute, yunivesite iyi yikapika udindo wa yunivesite mu Ogasiti 2009, ndipo yikatora zina la University of Makeni, panji UNIMAK), na Njala University, iyo yili mu chigaŵa cha Bo. Yunivesite ya Njala yikamba mu 1910 ndipo yikazgoka yunivesite mu 2005. Mu vigaŵa vinandi vya caru ici muli masukulu ghakusambizgira ŵasambizgi na masukulu gha cisopa.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |date =July 2007 |title =Njala University College (Nuc) |location =Sierra Leone |encyclopedia =Sierra Leone Encyclopedia |url =http://www.daco-sl.org/encyclopedia/1_gov/1_7njala.htm |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070311011418/http://www.daco-sl.org/encyclopedia/1_gov/1_7njala.htm |archive-date =11 March 2007 |access-date =25 June 2008 |url-status =dead |df =dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="ilab">{{cite web |year=2002 |title=Sierra Leone |url=http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2001/Sierra-leone.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102020941/http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2001/Sierra-leone.htm |archive-date=2 November 2013 |work=2001 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor |publisher=[[Bureau of International Labor Affairs]], [[U.S. Department of Labor]]}} ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].''</ref><ref name="ilab" /><ref>{{Cite book |editor=Jones-Parry, Rupert |title = Commonwealth Education Partnerships 2007 |publisher=Nexus Strategic Partnerships Ltd |year = 2006 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ID5XqeV4q10C&pg=PT326 |isbn = 978-0-9549629-1-3 |access-date = 17 June 2014}}</ref> == Umoyo == {{main|Health in Sierra Leone}}Wupu wa CIA ukati ŵanthu ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakukhala vyaka 57,39. Ŵanandi ŵakulwara nthenda ya HIV/AIDS pa charu chose, ndipo ŵali na nthenda ya 1.6%. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala mu mizi iyo mulije ŵadokotala panji vipatala. Nangauli mu mizi yinyake ŵanthu ŵakupokera wovwiri wa munkhwala kwambura kulipiliska, kweni ŵadokotala ŵakupokera malipiro ghacoko comene ndipo nyengo zinyake ŵakulipiska ndalama. Israyeli wakapeleka makina ghakovwira ŵanthu kuti ŵaleke kurya chomene. Kuyana na lipoti la Overseas Development Institute, ndalama izo ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira nchito pa umoyo ni 85.7% ya ndalama izo ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira nchito pa umoyo.<ref>DuBois, Marc, and Caitlin Wake, with Scarlett Sturridge and Christina Bennett (2015) [https://web.archive.org/web/20200928074929/https://www.odi.org/publications/9956-ebola-response-west-africa-exposing-politics-culture-international-aid "The Ebola response in West Africa: Exposing the politics and culture of international aid"]. London: Overseas Development Institute</ref><ref name="Cashman2015">{{cite news |last1=Cashman |first1=Greer Fay |title=Envoys from five countries present credentials to president |url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Politics-And-Diplomacy/Envoys-from-five-countries-present-credentials-to-president-431856 |work=The Jerusalem Post |date=3 November 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Wealth, but no health |author=Anne Jung |publisher=D+C Development and Cooperation/ dandc.eu |date=December 2012 |url=http://www.dandc.eu/en/article/sierra-leones-health-services-do-not-deliver-official-promises |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015195910/http://www.dandc.eu/en/article/sierra-leones-health-services-do-not-deliver-official-promises |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 October 2013 |access-date=17 June 2014 }}</ref> === Emergency medical response === Pakuti pakwamba pakaŵavya wupu wakupeleka wovwiri wa munkhwala, wupu wa First Responder Coalition of Sierra Leone (FRCSL) ukapangika mu Juni 2019 ku Makeni kuti uwovwire kuti pa charu chose paŵe maungano gha wovwiri wa munkhwala. Wose awo ŵakambiska wupu uwu ni Sierra Leone Red Cross Society (bungwe lakwamba), LFR International (uyo wakapangiska wupu uwu), University of Makeni, Agency for Rural Community Transformation, na Holy Spirit Hospital. Wupu uwu ukapangika pamoza na ungano waciŵiri na ciŵiri wa wupu wa vyaumoyo wa pa caru cose uwo ukati wovwiri wa munthazi ngwakuzirwa comene kuti ŵanthu wose ŵapone. Pakati pa Juni na Julayi 2019, FRCSL yikasambizga ŵanthu 1,000 ŵa ku Makeni kuti ŵaŵe ŵantchito ŵakwamba ndipo yikapeleka chiŵiya chakovwira chakwamba kwa waliyose uyo wakusambira.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesierraleonetelegraph.com/sierra-leones-road-accident-first-responder-coalition-to-save-thousands-of-lives/|title=Sierra Leone's road accident First Responder Coalition to save thousands of lives|last=Thomas|first=Abdul Rashid|date=2019-07-05|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705101916/https://www.thesierraleonetelegraph.com/sierra-leones-road-accident-first-responder-coalition-to-save-thousands-of-lives/|archive-date=5 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/25-05-2019-world-health-assembly-update|title=World Health Assembly Update, 25 May 2019|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=2019-07-05}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/in-makeni-five-national-and-international|title=Makeni: Coalition of First Responders formed|last=Vanguard|first=The Patriotic|date=2019-07-04|website=The Patriotic Vanguard|language=en|access-date=2019-07-05}}</ref><ref name=":10" /> ===Endemic and infectious diseases=== Ku Sierra Leone kuli nthenda zinandi, nga ni yellow fever, cholera, Ebola, lassa fever, na meningitis. Ku Sierra Leone kuli nthenda ya yellow fever na maleriya.<ref name="PHChand">{{cite web |date=25 May 2007 |title=The Primary Health Care Hand Book Policing |url=http://www.health.sl/drwebsite/publish/healthcare.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217052144/http://www.health.sl/drwebsite/publish/healthcare.shtml |archive-date=17 February 2008 |access-date=24 January 2008 |publisher=Ministry of Health & Sanitation |format=doc |df=dmy-all}}</ref> === Maternal and child health === Ku Sierra Leone ndiko kuli ŵana ŵanandi chomene pa charu. Pa ŵana 100 awo ŵakubabika ŵamoyo, mama yumoza wakufwa cifukwa ca masuzgo agho ghakuŵapo para wababika. Pa kafukufuku uyo UNICEF yikachita mu 2012, ukaboni ukulongora kuti ŵanakazi 94 pa 100 ŵali mu Sierra Leone ŵakukomeka. Mu 2014, Sierra Leone yikaŵa pa nambara 11 pa vyaru ivyo vili na ŵana ŵanandi chomene ŵakufwa. Cimoza mwa masuzgo agho ŵanakazi ŵa ku Sierra Leone ŵakukumana nagho para ŵababa kwa nyengo yitali ndiposo para ŵaleka kubaba. Kanandi ŵanakazi ŵakusuzgika cifukwa ca suzgo ili. Chipatala cha ŵanakazi cha AWC-Aberdeen ku Freetown, ndicho chili pa chipatala chachiŵiri mu Sierra Leone, ndipo chaka chilichose chikubaba ŵana 3,000. Ŵanakazi awo ŵali na nthenda iyi ŵakuchita opareshoni kwaulere. Wupu uwu ukupeleka wovwiri wa munkhwala wakovwira ŵanakazi na ŵana, ndipo ukuwovwirika na mawupu ghambura phindu nga ni Freedom from Fistula, The Aminata Maternal Foundation, na UNFPA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unfpa.org/news/fistula-camp-helps-women-and-girls-sierra-leone-regain-their-dignity|title=Fistula camp helps women and girls in Sierra Leone regain their dignity|website=www.unfpa.org}}</ref> === Mental health === Ku Sierra Leone kulije wovwiri wa munkhwala wakovwira ŵalwari ŵa maghanoghano. Ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakulwara matenda agha ŵakuyezga kujichizga ŵekha na wovwiri wa ŵanthu awo ŵakuchizga ŵalwari. Mu nyengo ya Nkhondo ya pa Caru na Caru (1991-2002), ŵasilikari ŵanandi ŵakacitanga nkhaza ndipo ŵana ŵanandi ŵakacicizgika kurwa nkhondo. Ici cikaŵapweteka comene, ndipo ŵanthu pafupifupi 400,000 (mu 2009) ŵakaŵa na suzgo la maghanoghano. Ŵana ŵanandi awo kale ŵakaŵa ŵasilikari ŵamba kumwa minkhwala yakutimbanizga wongo kuti ŵaleke kukumbuka.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lisk|first=Radcliffe|title=Sierra Leone|journal=Practical Neurology|year=2007|volume=7|issue=3|pages=198–201|doi=10.1136/jnnp.2007.120089|pmid=17515600|s2cid=219201682}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/programmes/unreported-world/episode-guide/series-2009/episode-4 |title=''Unreported World 2009'' series, ep.4: ''Sierra Leone: Insanity of War'' |publisher=Channel4.com |date=3 April 2009 |access-date=20 May 2012}}</ref> === Potable water supply === {{Main|Water supply in Sierra Leone}} Ku Sierra Leone, maji ghakukhala pachoko waka. Nangauli boma na mawupu ghanandi ghakupambanapambana ghayezgayezga kuti ŵanthu ŵafike ku malo agha, kweni vinthu vikwenda makora yayi kufuma apo nkhondo ya ku Sierra Leone yikamalira mu 2002.<ref name="JMP water">WHO/UNICEF [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]] (updated March 2010) {{cite web |title=Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources, Sierra Leone |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226083443/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/SLE_wat.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2011 |access-date=6 August 2011}}</ref> Ŵanthu ŵakugomezga kuti chizenga chiphya ku Orugu, icho China yikagwiliskira ntchito ndalama mu 2009, chizamovwira kuti maji ghaŵe ghanandi yayi. Kuyana na kafukufuku wa pa charu chose uyo wakachitika mu 2006, 84% ya ŵanthu ŵa mu misumba na 32% ya ŵanthu ŵa ku mizi ŵakaŵa na maji ghakumwa mu nyumba zawo. Awo ŵakasanganga maji mu vigaŵa vya kumadera gha mizi ŵakasanganga malo ghakukhala waka. 68% ya ŵanthu ŵakukhala mu vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana awo ŵakasanganga yayi maji gha pa mtunda (50%), (9%) na (9%) ŵakasanganga vyakumera vyambura kutetezgeka (9%). Mu 2004, boma likapeleka ndondomeko ya maji gha ku malo gha ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala kuwaro kwa msumba wa Freetown.[[File: Guinea Liberia Sierra Leone Ebola Map August 8 2014.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|A situation map of the [[2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak|Ebola outbreak]] as of 8 August 2014]] === 2014 Ebola outbreak === {{Further|Ebola virus epidemic in Sierra Leone}} Ebola yikulopwa comene mu Africa uko kuli masuzgo gha umoyo na vyachuma. Mu 2014, ku West Africa kukaŵa nthenda ya Ebola. Kufika pa Okutobala 19, 2014, kukaŵa ŵanthu 3,706 ŵakufwa na nthenda ya ebola ku Sierra Leone, ndipo ŵanthu 1,259 ŵakafwa, kusazgapo dokotala munyake uyo wakayezga kuwoneseska nthenda iyi, Sheik Umar Khan. Kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti 2014, Guinea yikajara mphaka zake na Sierra Leone kuti yikhozge kuthereska nthenda iyi.<ref name="IMFebola">{{cite news|url=http://www.bignewsnetwork.com/index.php/sid/225466201|title=The economic impact of Ebola may kill more people than the virus itself|date=6 September 2014|access-date=8 September 2014|publisher=Big News Network.com}}.</ref> == Culture == === Polygamy === {{Further|Polygamy in Sierra Leone}} Mu 2019, ŵanakazi 30% na ŵanalume 14% ŵakaŵa mu vyaru vya ŵanthu ŵanandi mu Sierra Leone. "Ŵanakazi awo ŵali na muwoli yumoza panji ŵanandi ŵakakhalira waka kuchepa, kufuma pa 37% mu 2008 na 35% mu 2013 kufika pa 30% mu 2019".<ref>{{Cite journal |date=October 2020 |title=Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey 2019 |url=https://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-FR365-DHS-Final-Reports.cfm |journal=The DHS Program|last1=Statssl |first1=Statistics Sierra Leone- }}</ref> === Food and customs === {{Further|Sierra Leonean cuisine}} [[File: Sierra Leone rice farming.jpg|thumb|Rice farming in Rolako]] Mpunga ndiwo ukalyanga chomene ku Sierra Leone ndipo ukwenera kurya pa nyengo ya chakurya chilichose. Mu misewu ya matawuni na misumba ya ku Sierra Leone, mungaŵa vyakurya vyakupambanapambana nga ni mango ghaphya, malalanje, ananasi, mabango, ŵabango, ŵangozi, mbatata, manicure na chithuzi cha oseveni, matumba gha matumba gha popcorn panji mbatata, chingwa, mbolo, panji nyama yakotcha. Poyo ni chakumwa chakutchuka cha ku Sierra Leone. Ni vinyo la phamuli lakutowa, ilo likunozgeka kupangika mwakupepuka, ndipo likusangika mu mabara mu matawuni na vikaya mu charu chose. Mabara gha Poyo ni malo agho ŵanthu ŵakudumbiskana mwakujumphizga vya ndyali, mpira, basketball, vyakusanguluska na nkhani zinyake.<ref>{{cite book|last=Albala|first=Ken|title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia|year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9780313376276|page=165|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zG1H75z0EYYC&pg=PA165|access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref> === Media === {{Main|Media of Sierra Leone}} [[File:Radio listener in Sierra Leone.jpg|thumb|A radio listener in [[Kailahun]]]] Mu Sierra Leone, nkhani zayamba na kupangika kwa makina ghakudindiskira ghaŵiri mu Africa kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 1900. Mu 1860s, charu ichi chikaŵa malo ghakusindikizgira nkhani ku Africa, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakwendakwenda kufuma mu vyaru vyose vya mu Africa. Mu 1934, boma la Sierra Leone likamba kuteŵetera pa TV na TV. Mu April 2010, SLBS yikapambana na siteshoni ya United Nations peacekeeping radio station ku Sierra Leone kuti yipange Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation, iyo njakovwira chomene pa charu chose. Ndondomeko ya boma ya Sierra Leone yikovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵayowoyenge makora na kusindikizga.<ref>{{cite web |author=Thomson Reuters Foundation |url=http://www.trust.org/item/20131024140514-sg47u/ |title=Sierra Leone – Editorial criticizing president prompts multiple proceedings |publisher=Trust.org |date=24 October 2013 |access-date=20 March 2014 |archive-date=2 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402160721/http://www.trust.org/item/20131024140514-sg47u/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/sierra-leone-editors-arrested-after-publishing-article-comparing-president-to-a-rat/2013/10/21/168d8172-3a53-11e3-b0e7-716179a2c2c7_story.html | archive-url=https://archive.today/20131025175049/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/sierra-leone-editors-arrested-after-publishing-article-comparing-president-to-a-rat/2013/10/21/168d8172-3a53-11e3-b0e7-716179a2c2c7_story.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=25 October 2013 | title=Sierra Leone editors arrested after publishing article comparing pres… | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=25 October 2013 | access-date=27 January 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Greenslade |first=Roy|author-link=Roy Greenslade |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2013/oct/25/press-freedom-sierraleone |title=Editor arrested for comparing Sierra Leone president to a rat &#124; Media |journal=The Guardian |date=25 October 2013 |access-date=20 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/10/21/sierra-leone-editors-arrested-after-publishing-article-comparing-president-to/ |title=Sierra Leone editors arrested after publishing article comparing president to a rat |publisher=Fox News |date=23 October 2013 |access-date=20 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.africareview.com/News/Sierra-Leone-intensifies-media-crackdown/-/979180/2043834/-/u0oloaz/-/index.html |title=Sierra Leone intensifies media crackdown – News|first=Kemo|last=Cham |publisher=africareview.com |date=21 October 2013|access-date=20 March 2014 |archive-date=18 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718035744/http://www.africareview.com/News/Sierra-Leone-intensifies-media-crackdown/-/979180/2043834/-/u0oloaz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201310250762.html |title=Sierra Leone: In Sierra Leone, Journalists Held On Libel, Sedition Charges |publisher=allAfrica.com |date=24 October 2013 |access-date=20 March 2014}}</ref> Ŵanthu na ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakutemwa vya ndyali ŵakuwona nkhani zinyake kuŵa zakubendera.<ref>{{cite web |last =Wilson |first =Harry |year =2005 |title =Press Freedoms and Human Rights:2005 Year End Press Freedom Brief |publisher =Commonwealth Press Union |url =http://www.cpu.org.uk/pf_2005_review.html |access-date =20 April 2008 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20071124131843/http://www.cpu.org.uk/pf_2005_review.html |archive-date =24 November 2007 |url-status =dead |df =dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Annual06">{{cite web |year=2006 |title=Sierra Leone – Annual report 2006 |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17400 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614032911/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17400 |archive-date=14 June 2009 |access-date=20 April 2008 |publisher=Reporters without Borders:For Press Freedom |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Mu 1980, boma likapeleka dango lakuti manyuzipepara ghose ghalembeke na Wupu wa Vyaru vya Kupharazga na kulipira ndalama zinandi zakweruzgira. Mu 2006, Pulezidenti Ahmad Tejan Kabbah wakajipeleka kusintha malango agho ghakwendeska nkhani na vyapa media kuti ŵafumiske ndondomeko ya wanangwa wa wanthu. Mu Sierra Leone, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuŵazga yayi nkhani za manyuzipepara, chomenechomene za kuwaro kwa Freetown na misumba yinyake yikuru, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuŵerenga na kulemba mu charu. Mu 2007 mu charu mukaŵa nyuzipepara 15 za zuŵa lililose, kweniso izo zikupharazgika sabata yiliyose.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web |date =June 2007 |title =Media use, and attitudes towards media in Sierra Leone:A comprehensive baseline study |work=[[BBC World Service]] |url =http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/trust/pdf/media_report_2007.pdf |access-date =19 April 2007}}</ref>[[File: Isata Mahoi radio editor and actress.jpg|thumb|Isata Mahoi wakulongoreka kuti wakunozga mapulogiramu gha pa wayilesi mu Talking Drum studio Freetown; wakugwiraso nchito ya kuvina mu opera wa pa wayilesi ya Sierra Leone Atunda Ayenda]] Rediyo ndiyo yikupharazgika comene na ŵanthu ŵanandi ku Sierra Leone, ndipo ŵanthu 85 pa 100 ŵaliwose ŵali na wayilesi ndipo 72 pa 100 ŵaliose ŵakupulikira wayilesi zuŵa lililose.<ref name="BBC"/> Malo agha ghakupambana pakati pa vigaŵa vya charu, ndipo chigaŵa cha kumanjiliro gha dazi ndicho chili na malo ghakuru chomene ndipo chigaŵa chakumpoto ni Kailahun. United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNIOSIL) yikaŵa siteshoni yakumanyikwa chomene mu charu ichi, ndipo yikapharazganga mu viyowoyero vinandi. Mu 2008, ntchito ya UN Radio yikapangika na kujumphiskika na SLBS kuti yikhazikike na Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC). Kunja kwa likulu Freetown na misumba yikuru yinyake, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakulaŵilira yayi TV, nangauli Bo, Kenema na Makeni ŵakugwiranga ntchito na ma relay ghawo gha ntchito yikuru ya SLBC. Mu Sierra Leone muli malo ghatatu gha pa caru gha pa caru ghakusungirako ma TV gha pa caru cose, limoza ni boma la SLBC ndipo ghanyake ghaŵiri ni malo gha pa caru ca Freetown, Star TV agho ghakusungilira mwenecho wa nyuzipepara ya Standard-Times na AYV - Africa Young Voices. Malo ghanandi gha pa caru capasi ghakusungiramo ma TV ghakusungilirako ndalama. Malo ghaŵiri gha pa caru cilicose gha pa caru (ABC na AIT) ghakasungikiranga nchito yayi. Mu 2007, GTV yikayambiska uteŵeti wa kulipira pa malo gha pa charu cose nga ni gulu la TV ya ku Africa yose. Ku Sierra Leone kulije internet kweni yikukura chomene, chomenechomene kufuma apo pakambiska ntchito za foni ya 3G/4G mu charu chose. Pali ŵapeleka maofesi ghanandi gha pa Intaneti (ISP) mu charu ichi. === Arts === {{Further|Art in Sierra Leone|Music of Sierra Leone}} Vinthu vya ku Sierra Leone vikusazga maluso gha ku Africa na gha ku Western.<ref>{{Cite book|last = Banham|first = Martin|title = A history of theatre in Africa|publisher = Cambridge University Press|year = 2004|page = 171|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RZXtk9bCZ-8C&pg=PA171|isbn = 978-0-521-80813-2|access-date = 17 June 2014}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last =Conteh |first = Prince Sorie |title = Traditionalists, Muslims, and Christians in Africa: interreligious encounters and dialogue|publisher =Cambria Press |year =2009|pages = 23–24|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=HpAuyiMRTDcC&pg=PA23|isbn=978-1-60497-596-3|access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1 =Manson |first1 =Katrina |first2=James |last2=Knight |title = Sierra Leone|publisher = Bradt Travel Guides|year =2009|pages = 42–45|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=VxRcEzkFs-wC&pg=PA43|isbn=978-1-84162-222-4|access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref> <gallery> File: Temne. Ode-Lay Mask Brooklyn Museum.jpg|Odelay mask by [[Temne people]]. [[Brooklyn Museum]]. File: Sierra Leone Koindu dance.jpg|The [[Koindu]] dance </gallery> === Vyamasebero === {{Main|Sport in Sierra Leone}} [[File:Sierra Leone National Stadium.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|[[National Stadium (Sierra Leone)|National Stadium]] in [[Freetown]].]] Mpira wa mpira wa Association ndi masewera otchuka kwambiri ku Sierra Leone. Ana, achinyamata ndi achikulire amawoneka kawirikawiri kusewera mpira wamisewu ku Sierra Leone . Pali mipira ya mpira wa achinyamata ndi achinyamata yomwe imakonzedwa mdziko lonselo, ndipo pali masukulu osiyanasiyana oyambira ndi apakati omwe ali ndi magulu a mpira ku Sierra Leone konse. Gulu la mpira wa Sierra Leone, ilo likucemeka kuti Leone Stars, likwimira charu mu vyakumenyana vya pa caru cose. Likasankha yayi kuti liŵe na malo gha kuzakawonelera nkhonya za caru vya caru cose vya Africa. Ŵanandi mwa ŵasepuka ŵa Sierra Leone National Premier League ŵakamba kuseŵera ku Europe. Ŵasepuka ŵanandi ŵa Sierra Leone ŵakumanyikwa chomene mu charu chose cha Sierra Leone ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuŵamanya makora. Ŵasepa ŵanyake ŵa Sierra Leone mba Mohamed Kallon, Mohamed Bangura, Rodney Strasser, Kei Kamara, Ibrahim Teteh Bangura, Mustapha Dumbuya, Christian Caulker, Alhassan Bangura, Sheriff Suma, Osman Kakayaru, Mohamed Kamara, Umaru Bangura na Julius Woobay. The Sierra Leone National Premier League ni ligi yikuru chomene ya mpira wa ku Sierra Leone ndipo yikulongozgeka na Sierra Leone Football Association. Makirabu 14 gha mu charu chose ghakumanyikwa kuti ni Sierra Leone Premier League. Makirabhu ghaŵiri ghakuru na ghakuchita makora chomene gha mpira ni East End Lions na Mighty Blackpool. East End Lion na MightyBlackpool ŵakulondezga chomene ndipo para ŵakuseŵera, sitediyamu ya mu Freetown yikuguliskika ndipo ŵanthu ŵa makirabu ghose ghaŵiri ŵakukumana pambere maseŵera ghachitike. Ŵawukirano ŵanandi ŵa ku Sierra Leone, ŵana na ŵanthu ŵalara ŵakulondezga matchalitchi gha ku Europe, chomenechomene English Premier League, Italian Serie A, Spanish La Liga, German Bundesliga na French Ligue 1. Gulu la cricket la Sierra Leone likuyimira Sierra Leone mu mpikisano wa cricket wa pa charu chose ndipo lili pakati pa ŵabwezi ŵaŵiri ku West Africa. Likawungana na International Cricket Council mu 2002. Mu 2009, gulu la Sierra Leone Under-19 likaŵa lachiŵiri pa African Under-19 Championship ku Zambia, ndipo likaluta ku World Cup ya Under-19 pamoza na magulu ghanyake 9.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/other/content/story/403002.html |title=Cricinfo article Uganda and Sierra Leone Win Through |publisher=Cricinfo.com |date=5 May 2009 |access-date=20 May 2012}}</ref> Ndipouli, gulu ili likaŵa kuti lindakwaniske kusanga vhiza vya ku Canada kuti lizakaŵepo pa mpikisano uwu, uwo ukachitikira ku Toronto.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/other/content/story/423890.html |title=Visa Issues End Sierra Leone's World Cup Dream |publisher=Cricinfo article |date=7 September 2009 |access-date=20 May 2012}}</ref> Sierra Leone ndiyo ni caru cacokwamba ca ku Africa kunjira mu International Floorball Federation. ==Tourism== {{main|Tourism in Sierra Leone}} Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutemwa kuluta ku Freetown, Sierra Leone. Nangauli nchito iyi yikakhwaskika comene pa nyengo ya Nkhondo ya Caru na Caru, kweni yasintha comene mu vilimika vyasonosono apa. Msumba uwu uli na vinandi vyakuti ukasangire ŵalendo. Pa chilumba cha Freetown pali maboma ghanandi. Mphepete mwa nyanja ya Lumley-Aberdeen yikwenda kufuma ku Cape Sierra Leone m'paka ku Lumley. Paliso malo ghanyake agho ŵanthu ŵakutemwa chomene nga ni Mlonga Nambara 2, Laka Beach, Tokeh Beach, Bureh Beach, na Mama Beach. Ku malo ghakuvikilirako viyuni gha Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary, uko kuli nkhorongo yikuru ya viyuni vya mu chigaŵa ichi, makilomita ghachoko waka kufuma pakati pa msumba wa Freetown, kuli viyuni vinandi vya viyuni ivi. Malo ghanyake agho ŵanthu ŵakutemwa kuluta ghakaŵa Freetown Cotton Tree, ilo lili ku Central Freetown, ndipo ni malo ghakuzirwa chomene pa charu chose ndipo ghakaŵa pakwamba apo msumba uwu ukapangikanga. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutemwa kuluta ku malo gha Aberdenn-Lumley uko kuli umoyo wa usiku.<ref>Sylvester Gasopan Goba (August 2014) [https://www.theigc.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Sylvester-Gasopan-Goba-Sierra-Leone-GW2012.pdf Sierra Leone Tourism: sector overview]. [[International Growth Centre]]. [https://www.theigc.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Sylvester-Gasopan-Goba-Sierra-Leone-GW2012.pdf Archived]. Retrieved 18 November 2021.</ref> {{multiple image |align = center |total_width = 1000 |image1 = |caption1 = Lumley Beach, Freetown - is popular for its white sandy beach as well as its nightlife |image2 = |caption2 = The Place - Tokeh Beach, Freetown, - offers a variety of services to tourists spending hours or days around the beach area |image3 = |caption3 = Tokeh Beach, Freetown - is a popular tourist destination |image4 = |caption4 = Chimpanzees at the Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary in the Western Area National Park, few kilometres away from Freetown }} == Wonaniso == {{Portal|Sierra Leone|Africa}} * [[Outline of Sierra Leone]] == Vyalulemba == {{notelist}} {{NoteFoot}} == Ukaboni == {{Reflist}} == Vyakulemba vinyake == * {{cite journal |last1=Acemoglu |first1=Daron |last2=Reed |first2=Tristan |last3=Robinson |first3=James A. |title=Chiefs: Economic Development and Elite Control of Civil Society in Sierra Leone |journal=Journal of Political Economy |date=April 2014 |volume=122 |issue=2 |pages=319–368 |doi=10.1086/674988 |s2cid=15212378 }} * Harris, David (2012). [https://books.google.com/books?id=B5RxmwC6aNwC ''Civil War and Democracy in West Africa: Conflict Resolution, Elections and Justice in Sierra Leone and Liberia''], I.B. Tauris. * Imodale Caulker-Burnett, [https://books.google.com/books?id=5j61GUfpX5YC&pg=PA19 ''The Caulkers of Sierra Leone: The Story of a Ruling Family and Their Times''] (Xlibris, 2010){{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=December 2017}} * {{Cite book |last=Keen |first=David |year=2005 |title=Conflict and Collusion in Sierra Leone |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SEz1PCvILHUC |location=Oxford |publisher=James Currey |isbn=978-0-85255-883-6 |access-date=17 June 2014}} * {{Cite book |last=Kup |first=Alexander Peter |year=1961 |title= A History of Sierra Leone, 1400–1787 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location= Cambridge|isbn= 978-0-7864-1814-5}} * {{cite book |author=Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission |year=2004 |title=TRC Report |url=http://www.sierraleonetrc.org/index.php/view-the-final-report/download-table-of-contents |location=Accra, Ghana |publisher=Graphic Packaging Ltd./GPL Press |isbn=9988-8097-6-X |access-date=14 May 2016}} * {{Cite book |last=Sillinger |first=Brett |title= Sierra Leone: Current Issues and Background|year= 2003|publisher=Nova Science Publishers |location= New York|isbn= 978-1-59033-662-5}} * {{Cite book |ref=Utting |last=Utting |first=Francis A. |year=1971 |orig-year=1931 |title=The Story of Sierra Leone |url=https://archive.org/details/storyofsierraleo0000utti |url-access=registration |location=Hallendale, Florida |publisher=New World Book Manufacturing |isbn= 978-0-8369-6704-3}} === Fiction and memoir === * Massucco W. [http://bluindaco.org/en/documentary/life-does-not-lose-its-value-documentary-film/ ''Life does not lose its value/La Vita non perde valore''], documentary, Bluindaco Productions, 2012. [[La vita non perde valore|Link: ''La vita non perde valore'']]. * Bonnet, Laurent. [http://www.franceinter.fr/player/reecouter?play=296145 ''Salone, a novel en Terre Krio''], Vents d'Ailleurs, 2012 * [[Ishmael Beah|Beah, Ishmael]]. ''A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier'' (2007). Sarah Crichton Books: New York. [[A Long Way Gone|Link: ''A Long Way Gone'']]. * [[Delia Jarrett-Macauley|Jarrett-Macauley, Delia]], ''Moses, Citizen & Me'' – novel, [[Granta Books]] (2005), {{ISBN|186207741X}}. Winner of the [[Orwell Prize]] 2006. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180915192616/http://tylertopics.com/writing/books/historic-preservation-book-2-4-2/ ''The Peace Corps, Sierra Leone, and Me''] ==== Secondary sources ==== * {{Cite book|author= Levinson, Robby|title= Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook|year= 1998|publisher= Oryx Press|location= Phoenix|isbn= 978-1-57356-019-1|url= https://archive.org/details/ethnicgroupsworl00levi}} == Vigaŵa vya kuwalo == {{Sister project links|Sierra Leone|voy=Sierra Leone}} ; Government * [https://statehouse.gov.sl/ The Republic of Sierra Leone] official government site * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150905110758/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/SL.html Chief of State and Cabinet Members] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905110758/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/SL.html |date=5 September 2015 }} * [http://www.slminerals.org/ Ministry of Mineral Resources] official government minerals site * [http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/spip.php?article4158 thepatrioticvanguard.com ''The Patriotic Vanguard''] – official government newspaper ;General information * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1061561.stm Country Profile], [[BBC News]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210403133725/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sierra-leone/ Sierra Leone]. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080607085717/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/sierraleone.htm Sierra Leone], ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{Curlie|Regional/Africa/Sierra_Leone}} * {{wikiatlas|Sierra Leone}} * {{osmrelation-inline|192777}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=SL Key Development Forecasts for Sierra Leone], [[International Futures]] ;News media * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080905131237/http://www.news.sl/ ''Awareness Times''], Newspaper * [http://www.thenewpeople.com/ ''The New People''], Newspaper * [http://allafrica.com/sierraleone/ News headline links], [[AllAfrica.com]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150919131013/http://www.my-sierra-leone-life.com/ Sierra Leone News & Blog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919131013/http://www.my-sierra-leone-life.com/ |date=19 September 2015 }}, Current Sierra Leone News & Blog ;Trade * [http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/SLE/Year/2002/Summary Sierra Leone 2002 Summary Trade Statistics] ; Tourism * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191020073756/https://sierraleonenationaltouristboard.com/ Sierra Leone National Tourist Board], Official Government site ; Telecommunication * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100313072928/http://www.alosmart.com/Sierra-Leone-calling-card-191.asp Sierra Leone], telecom ; Other * [http://fosalone.org/ Friends of Sierra Leone] * [http://www.schoolsforsalone.org/ Schools for Salone], non-profit dedicated to rebuilding schools * [http://www.enciss-sl.org/ ENCISS] civil society and governance * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110510101125/http://auradicals.com/ The Auradicals Club], Student Club in Fourah Bay College * [http://www.sierra-leone.org/ Sierra Leone Web] * [http://sweetsalonefilm.blogspot.nl/ ''Sweet Salone''], 2008 film on new music in Sierra Leone * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080501184018/http://www.sc-sl.org/ War Crimes Trials in Sierra Leone] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140714041603/http://www.hurrarc.org/ Hurrarc – Human Rights Respect Awareness Raising Campaigners], Sierra Leone NGO * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081010165129/http://www.ejfoundation.org/page370.html Environmental Justice Foundation's report on pirate fishing in Sierra Leone] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140629064622/http://www.storiesfromlakkabeach.com/ ''Stories from Lakka Beach''], 2011 documentary about life in a post-conflict beach town {{Sierra Leone topics}} {{Navboxes |title = Articles relating to Sierra Leone |list = {{Countries of Africa|state=expanded}} {{Navboxes |title = [[File:Gnome-globe.svg|25px]]{{nbsp}}Geographic locale |list = '''[[Geographic coordinate system|Lat. <small>and</small> Long.]] {{Coord|8|29|4|N|13|14|4|W|display=inline}} <span style="colour:darkblue;">(Freetown)</span>''' }} {{Navboxes |title = International membership |list = {{African Union}} {{Commonwealth of Nations}} }} {{Navboxes |title = Languages |list = {{English dialects by continent}} {{English official language clickable map}} }} }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Sierra Leone| ]]<!--please leave the empty space as standard--> [[Category:1961 establishments in Sierra Leone]] [[Category:Countries in Africa]] [[Category:Economic Community of West African States]] [[Category:English-speaking countries and territories]] [[Category:Least developed countries]] [[Category:Member states of the African Union]] [[Category:Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations]] [[Category:Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] [[Category:Member states of the United Nations]] [[Category:Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations]] [[Category:States and territories established in 1961]] [[Category:West African countries]] l56w5y9xuho3hkq1swmxjjv8zcasy8y 0 7251 116650 105032 2026-07-11T06:48:17Z Tumbuka Arch 6863 116650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|President of the United States (2017–2021; since 2025)}} {{redirect2|DJT|Trump|other uses|Donald Trump (disambiguation)|and|DJT (disambiguation)|and|Trump (disambiguation)}} {{pp-extended|small=yes}} {{pp-move}} {{use American English|date=November 2020}} {{use mdy dates|date=June 2026}} {{bots|deny=InternetArchiveBot}}<!-- Per [[Talk:Donald Trump#C25|consensus 25]]. --> {{stack begin}}<!-- DO NOT REMOVE. Required for correct vertical alignment of image at "Early life and education" in some user configurations. --> {{infobox officeholder | image = Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025) (cropped)(2).jpg | caption = [[Chithuzithuzi cha boma cha Donald Trump#Chithuzithuzi cha boma cha pulezidenti cha 2025|Chithuzithuzi cha boma, 2025]] | alt = Head-and-shoulders shot of Trump with a serious facial expression, his right eye partly closed. He is wearing a dark blue suit, a pale blue dress shirt, a red necktie, and an American flag lapel pin. Parts of the image are slightly out of focus. The background is black. | order = 45th & 47th<!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] had a weak consensus to keep the status-quo (no link). --> | office = President of the United States | vice_president = [[JD Vance]] | term_start = January 20, 2025 | predecessor = [[Joe Biden]] | vice_president1 = [[Mike Pence]] | term_start1 = January 20, 2017 | term_end1 = January 20, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Barack Obama]] | successor1 = Joe Biden | birth_name = Donald John Trump | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}} | birth_place = [[Queens]], New York City, U.S.<!-- DO NOT CHANGE (or add to) this location without prior consensus; see [[Talk:Donald Trump#C2|consensus 2]]. --> | party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (1969&ndash;1978, 1987&ndash;1999, 2009&ndash;2011,<br>2012&ndash;present) | other_party = {{unbulleted list | [[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform]] (1999&ndash;2001) | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (2001&ndash;2009) | [[Independent politician|Independent]] (2011&ndash;2012) }} <!-- DO NOT PIPE any of the following three links, per [[MOS:NOPIPE]]. -->| spouse = {{unbulleted list | {{marriage|[[Ivana Zelníčková]]|April 9, 1977|December 11, 1990|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|December 20, 1993|June 8, 1999|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Melania Knauss]]|January 22, 2005}} }} | children = {{hlist | [[Donald Jr.]] | [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] | [[Eric Trump|Eric]] | [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] | [[Barron Trump|Barron]] }} | parents = {{unbulleted list | [[Fred Trump]] | [[Mary Anne MacLeod]] }} | relatives = [[Trump family]] | education = [[University of Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]]) | occupation = {{hlist | [[Political career of Donald Trump|Politician]] | [[Business career of Donald Trump|businessman]] | [[Media career of Donald Trump|media personality]] }} | signature = Trumpsignature2025.svg | signature_alt = Donald J. Trump stylized autograph, in ink | website = {{unbulleted list | {{URL|whitehouse.gov|White House website}} | {{URL|trumplibrary.gov|Presidential library}} | {{URL|trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov|White House archives (2017&ndash;2021)}} }} | module = {{listen voice | name = Trump <!-- [[MOS:SURNAME]] --> | filename = President Trump on the WHO's Declaration of COVID-19 as a Global Pandemic.wav | description = Trump pa ivyo [[World Health Organization]] yikapharazga kuti [[COVID-19]] ni nthenda iyo yapararira pa charu chose. | recorded = March 11, 2020 }} }} {{Donald Trump series}} {{stack end}}<!-- NOTE: Changes to the lead are regularly discussed on the talk page. DO NOT EDIT WAR. If you make a change that is reverted, please open a discussion or contribute to an existing one, per [[WP:BRD]]. Consensus items marked "DO NOT CHANGE" require prior discussion. If you add or remove a sentence with a section link, please also add or remove the hidden reminder following the section heading. --> '''Donald John Trump''' (wakababika pa June 14, 1946) ni munthu wa ndyali wa ku America, wakulemba nkhani, na wamalonda uyo ni pulezidenti wa 47 wa ku [[United States]]. Ni membala wa chipani cha Republican, iye wakawa pulezidenti wa 45 kuyambira 2017 mpaka 2021. Wakababikira mu mbumba ya musambazi ku New York, ndipo wakafuma ku Yunivesite ya Pennsylvania mu 1968 na digiri ya bachelor's degree mu economics. Mu 1971, wakazgoka pulezidenti wa kampani ya mbumba yake ya real estate, ndipo wakayithya zina lakuti Trump Organization, ndipo wakamba kuzenga nyumba zikuruzikuru, mahotelo, na malo ghakuwoneskerako gofu. Wakambiska mabizinesi ghanyake, ndipo ghanandi ghakaŵa na zina la Trump, ndipo mu vyaka vya m'ma 1990 na 2000, mabungwe agha ghakachita ukaboni wakuti ghakaŵa ghambura ndalama zinandi. Kufuma mu 2004 kufika mu 2015, wakapangiska pulogiramu ya pa TV ya The Apprentice, iyo yikamovwira kuti waŵe munthu musambazi. Trump wakajiwona kuti ni munthu wambura kuzomerezgeka pa nkhani ya ndyali, ndipo mu 2016 wakatonda Hillary Clinton, uyo wakaŵa musankhika wa chipani cha Democratic Party. Apo wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba, Trump wakakanizga vyaru 7 ivyo vikaŵa na Ŵasilamu kuti ŵaleke kuluta ku caru cinyake, wakasazgirako mpanda wa pakati pa caru ca Mexico na United States, ndipo wakapangiska kuti mbumba zose zifwatukenge. Wakasintha malango ghakukhwaskana na malo na bizinesi, wakasazgirako msonkho, na kusora ŵeruzgi ŵatatu ŵa Khoti Likuru Chomene. Wakawuskapo U.S. mu mapangano ghakukhwaskana na mlengalenga na malonda ndipo wakambiska nkhondo ya malonda na China. Pakuzgorapo pa nthenda ya COVID-19 mu 2020, iyo wakachepeska ukali wake, wakususkana na ŵalaraŵalara ŵa vyaumoyo, na kusayinira dango la CARES Act. Wati watondeka pa visankho vya 2020 ku Joe Biden, Trump wakakana kuzomera kuti watondeka ndipo wakayezga kusintha ivyo vikachitika, ivyo vikapangiska kuti pa 6 Janyuwale, 2021 pa Capitol pachitike chindindindi. Wakapika mulandu kaŵiri, mu 2019 chifukwa cha kugwiliskira nchito mazaza mwambura kwenelera na kukanizga maungano gha boma, ndipo mu 2021 chifukwa cha kukhuŵilizga ŵanthu kuti ŵawukire boma. Mu 2023, Trump ŵakamusanga na mulandu wa kugonana na kusuzga ŵanthu, kweniso wa kuguliska malonda. Mu Meyi 2024, khoti la boma la New York likamusanga na mulandu pa nkhani 34 zakupusikizgira vinthu vya malonda, ndipo wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba wa U.S. kukakika na mulandu. Wati wawina chisankho cha pulezidenti cha 2024 kwa wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti Kamala Harris, wakapika chilango cha umoyo wose, ndipo milandu yiŵiri yakukhwaskana na kusunga malemba ghakale na kutondeska chisankho cha 2020 yikamara kwambura mulandu. Trump wakamba kuwusa kwaciŵiri mwa kulekeska nchito ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakagwiranga nchito mu boma. Wakapeleka msonkho ku vyaru vinandi uwo ukaŵa ukuru comene kwambira pa nyengo ya suzgo yikuru ya vyachuma, ndipo wakasazgapo dango la One Big Beautiful Bill Act. Ivyo boma lake likucita - kusazgapo kusuzga ŵanthu awo ŵakususkana nawo pa ndyali na ŵanthu ŵanyake, kukanizga wanangwa wa ŵanthu awo ŵakugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵanyawo, kuchimbizga ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵalije vikalata, na kugwiliskira nchito malango gha boma - vyapangiska kuti paŵe milandu yakujumpha 550. Ku Latin America, wakaluta ku ŵanthu awo ŵakaguliskanga minkhwala yakutimbanizga wongo, ndipo wakalangura ŵasilikari kuti ŵanjire mu caru ca Venezuela na kukora pulezidenti wa caru ici. Ku Middle East, wakazomerezga kuti boma la U.S. na la Israel liwukire Iran, ndipo ivi vikambiska nkhondo ya ku Iran mu 2026. Kuyambira mu 2015, ndondomeko ya Trump ndi ndondomeko yake ya ndale - yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa Trumpism - yasintha chizindikiro cha Republican Party. Ŵanyake ŵakuti ivyo wakayowoya na kucita ni vyautesi. Wakayowoya vinthu vinandi vyautesi panji vyaupusikizgi pa nyengo ya kampeni yake na apo wakaŵa pulezidenti, vinthu ivyo vikaŵa kuti vindachitikepo mu ndyali za ku America. Ŵasayansi ŵakuti ivyo Trump wakucita ni vyaulamuliro ndipo vikupangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kulondezga ndyali. Ŵasayansi na ŵalembi ŵa mdauko ŵakamulemba kuti wakaŵa yumoza wa mafumu ghaheni comene mu mdauko wa caru ca America.<!-- DO NOT CHANGE preceding sentence without prior consensus; see [[Talk:Donald Trump#C54|consensus 54]]. --> == Umoyo na masambiro == {{main|Early life and education of Donald Trump}} [[File:Donald Trump NYMA.jpg|upright=0.65|thumb|left|1964 yearbook photo|alt=A black-and-white photograph of Trump as a teenager, smiling, wearing a dark pseudo-military uniform with three ribbons and a white shoulder strap]]<!-- DO NOT MOVE this image to the right. Left alignment is required for correct vertical alignment in some user configurations. --> Donald John Trump wakababika pa June 14, 1946, ku Jamaica Hospital mu New York City borough of Queens, mwana wachinayi wa Fred Trump na Mary Anne MacLeod Trump.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|pp=30, 37}} Iyo ni wa ku Germany na Scotland. Wakakulira mu nyumba ya vipinda 23 mu muzi wa Jamaica Estates ku Queens. Fred wakalipiranga ŵana ŵake waliyose $20,000 pa cilimika, ico cikayananga na $265,000 pa cilimika mu 2024. Apo wakaŵa na vilimika vinkhondi na vitatu, Trump wakaŵa musambazi comene.{{sfn|Buettner|Craig|2024|pp=30–31}} Trump wakasambiranga pa sukulu ya Kew-Forest m'paka apo wakaŵa mu kilasi la 7. Ŵapapi ŵake ŵakamulembeska ku sukulu ya New York Military Academy, iyo yikaŵa sukulu ya pabweka. Sukulu iyi yikasambizganga ŵana kuti ŵasambirenge maseŵero na kuŵa na mtima wa kuwina. Trump wakaghanaghana vya kuluta ku sukulu ya kusambizga kuvina ku California, kweni kuti waŵe pafupi na kukwake, wakalembeska ku Yunivesite ya Fordham mu 1964. Mu chaka chakwamba, wakaluta ku sukulu ya ŵasilikari ya Reserve Officers' Training Corps, ndipo pa Chitatu chilichose wakavwaranga yunifomu ya usilikari. Kweni mu chaka chachiŵiri wakaleka. Mu chaka chakwamba, wakasamukira ku sukulu ya Wharton ya pa yunivesite ya Pennsylvania, ndipo kanandi wakendanga ku ofesi ya adada ŵake pa sabata. Mu Meyi 1968, wakasambira vya chuma. Mwakupambana na ivyo wakayowoya kuti wakaŵa waciŵiri mu kilasi lake, Wharton wakalemba yayi zina lake mu mabuku gha sukulu na mu mpukutu wake.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=47}}<ref>{{cite news |last=Selk |first=Avi |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 20, 2018 |title=It's the 50th anniversary of the day Trump left college and nearly had to go to war |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/05/20/its-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-day-trump-left-college-and-nearly-had-to-go-to-war/}}</ref> Apo wakaluta ku Wharton, wakaghanaghananga vya ntchito ya malonda. 13] Wakalekerathu kunjira usilikari pa nyengo ya nkhondo ya ku Vietnam chifukwa cha viwangwa ivyo vikaŵa mu makongono ghake.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=48}} == Ntchito ya bizinesi == {{main|Business career of Donald Trump}} {{further|Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia|Tax returns of Donald Trump|The Trump Organization}} ===Real estate=== {{see also|The Trump Organization#Real estate}} Kwambira mu 1968, Trump wakagwiranga nchito ku Trump Management, kampani ya adada ŵake ya real estate, iyo yikagwiranga nchito ya kupanga nyumba izo Fred wakazenga ku Queens, Staten Island, na Brooklyn. Mulimo wake ukuru ukaŵa wa kupoka ndalama za renti na kunozga nyumba kwa vilimika pafupifupi vinkhondi. Trump wakapempha adada ŵake kuti ŵalute ku Manhattan, uko vinthu vikaŵa vyakudura, kweni adada ŵake ŵakakhorwa na malo ghakutali. Mu 1971, wakasamukira ku Manhattan, uko wakanozga vyakuti wasamire ku ofesi ya adada ŵake. Chaka chenechichi, adada ŵake ŵakajizgora kuŵa mulara wa gulu ili, ndipo Trump wakazgoka pulezidenti. Trump wakamba kugwiliskira nchito gulu la Trump Organization nga ni nkhokwe ya mazina gha mabungwe gha adada ŵake.{{sfn|Blair|2015|p=250}}{{sfn|O'Brien|2005a|p=51}}{{sfn|Barrett|2016|p=76}}{{sfn|O'Brien|2005a|p=51}}{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|pp=52–53}}{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|pp=50–51}}{{sfn|Barrett|2016|p=75}} Roy Cohn, uyo wakaŵa munthu wakuzirwa chomene kwa Trump kufuma apo adada ŵake ŵakafwira, ndiyo wakanozganga masuzgo gha Trump, wakaŵa loya, kweniso wakaŵa msambizgi wake[23] kwa vyaka 13 mu vyaka vya m'ma 1970 na 1980. Cohn wakamusambizga Trump kuti umoyo ni malonda. 25] Mu 1973, Cohn wakawovwira Trump kuti wapeleke mulandu ku boma la U.S. kwa ndalama zakukwana $100 million (zakuyana na $659 million mu 2022) pa mulandu uwo boma ili likapeleka wakuti malo gha Trump ghakaŵa na sankho ku ŵanthu ŵafipa na awo ŵakakhalanga mwenemumo. Nkhani iyi yikamara na dango la boma ilo likazomerezga kuti ŵaleke kupatura ŵanthu, ndipo pati pajumpha vyaka vinayi, mbumba ya Trump yikaluta ku khoti chifukwa cha kuswa dango ili. Apo wakawovwiranga mulimo wa Trump, Cohn wakaŵa mulaŵiliri wa katundu uyo wakaŵa na ŵabwezi ŵa mu gulu la Mafia ilo likalongozganga mawupu gha vyakuzenga. Mu 1979, Cohn wakalongosolera Trump Roger Stone, uyo wakaŵa mulaŵiliri wa vya ndyali, ndipo Trump wakalemba ntchito Stone kuti wazakamovwire pa nkhani za ndyali. Trump wakawonanga kuti wakutemwa kuzenga mulandu, kwambura kupwelerako ivyo vingacitika; nanga ni para watondeka, wakalongosoranga kuti wawina mulandu. Pakati pa 1991 na 2009, Trump wakapempha boma kuti liŵavikilire ku vimbundi pa bizinesi yake yinkhondi na yimoza: ya Plaza Hotel ku Manhattan, ya makasino ku Atlantic City, New Jersey, na kampani ya Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts. Mu 1992 na 1994, Trump, wakagwira nchito na ŵabali ŵake ŵanandi, ndipo wakapangiska kampani ya shell kuti yilute na kulipira ŵamalonda awo ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito nyumba za Trump, na kulipira ndalama izo ku Trump Management na ndalama zinandi; ndalama izo zikakwera zikagwiliskirika nchito kuti boma lizomerezge kuti likwezge ndalama za nyumba zake. Padera pa kukwezga renti, ndalama izi zikapelekeka ku ŵana na mphuvya za Fred na kuchepeskako msonkho.<ref name="Tax_Schemes">{{cite news |last1=Barstow |first1=David |author-link1=David Barstow |last2=Craig |first2=Susanne |author-link2=Susanne Craig |last3=Buettner |first3=Russ |author-link3=Russ Buettner |date=October 2, 2018 |title=Trump Engaged in Suspect Tax Schemes as He Reaped Riches From His Father |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html |access-date=October 2, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> ==== Ku Manhattan na ku Chicago ==== [[File:Donald Trump with model of Television City.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mu 1985 wali na cithuzithuzi ca mulimo wake wa ku Manhattan uwo ukamara<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Handy |first=Bruce |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2019/04/trump-tower-real-estate-projects/583243/ |title=Trump Once Proposed Building a Castle on Madison Avenue |magazine=[[The Atlantic]] |date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=July 28, 2024}}</ref>|alt=Donald Trump, in a black suit and red tie, standing in from of a model of Manhattan development projects]] Mu 1978, Trump wakamba kumanyikwa na ŵanthu apo wakambiska bizinesi ya mbumba yake ya ku Manhattan, iyo yikaŵa yakunozga Commodore Hotel, iyo yikaŵa pafupi na Grand Central Terminal. Ŵakacita nthena cifukwa cakuti adada ŵake ŵakamupelekezga ndalama zakukwana madola 400 miliyoni za msonkho wa katundu wa mu msumba uwu. Ŵakaŵasazgirako ndalama zakukwana madola 70 miliyoni za ngongole ya kuzenga. Mu 1980, ŵakajura hotelo iyi na kuyichema kuti Grand Hyatt Hotel, ndipo mu chaka chenechichi, ŵakazomerezgeka kuzenga Trump Tower, iyo yikaŵa nyumba yapachanya ku Midtown Manhattan. Nyumba iyi ndiyo yikaŵa likuru la Trump Corporation na komiti ya Trump ya political action committee (PAC) ndipo yikaŵa nyumba ya Trump mpaka mu 2019. Mu 1988, Trump wakagura hotelo ya Plaza na ngongoli kufuma ku mabanki 16. Mu 1992, hotelo iyi yikachita ukaboni wakuti yikwenda makora yayi, ndipo pamanyuma pa mwezi umoza, yikapangaso pulani yakuti yikhazikiskikeso, ndipo mabanki ghakamba kuwusa hotelo iyi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump's Plaza Hotel Bankruptcy Plan Approved |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 12, 1992 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html |agency=[[Reuters]] |access-date=May 24, 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Glenn |last=Kessler |author-link=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |title=Trump's false claim he built his empire with a 'small loan' from his father |date=March 3, 2016 |access-date=September 29, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA84 84]}}<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Expanding Empire of Donald Trump |date=April 8, 1984 |access-date=September 29, 2021 |first=William E. |last=Geist |author-link=Bill Geist |magazine=[[The New York Times Magazine]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/08/magazine/the-expanding-empire-of-donald-trump.html |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/04/business/company-news-trump-revises-plaza-loan.html |title=Trump Revises Plaza Loan |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 4, 1992 |access-date=May 23, 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mu 1995, Trump wakaleka kulipira ngongoli ya madola 3 biliyoni gha ku banki, ndipo awo ŵakamupa ngongoli ŵakakora hotelo ya Plaza pamoza na katundu wake munyake mu ndondomeko ya "kuwezgeramo vinthu mu nyumba" iyo yikawovwira kuti waleke kuŵa na ndalama zinandi. Ntchito yikuru ya Trump yikaŵa ya kuzenga nyumba ya Trump International Hotel and Tower iyo yikaŵa na nyumba zakudikanya 92. Nyumba iyi yikajulika mu 2008. Mu 2024, nyuzipepara ya The New York Times na ProPublica zikayowoya kuti ofesi ya Internal Revenue Service yikakhumbanga kumanya usange wakaleka kuzenga nyumba iyo wakawona kuti njambura kuzirwa.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kiel |first1=Paul |last2=Buettner |first2=Russ |author-link2=Russ Buettner |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-irs-audit-chicago-hotel-taxes |title=IRS Audit of Trump Could Cost Former President More Than $100 Million |work=[[ProPublica]] |date=May 11, 2024 |access-date=August 26, 2024}}</ref> ==== Makasino gha mu Atlantic City ==== [[File:Trump Taj Mahal, 2007.jpg|thumb|alt=The entrance of the Trump Taj Mahal, a casino in Atlantic City. It has motifs evocative of the Taj Mahal in India.|Malo ghakunjilira ku Trump Taj Mahal (lero ni Hard Rock Hotel & Casino) ku Atlantic City, New Jersey.]] Mu 1984, Trump wakajura Harrah's pa Trump Plaza, hotelo na kasino, na ndalama na wovwiri wa wupu wa Holiday Corporation. Vinthu vikamwendera makora yayi, ndipo wakalipira Holiday madola 70 miliyoni mu Meyi 1986 kuti ndiyo waŵe na mazaza ghose. Mu 1985, wakagura hotelo ya Atlantic City Hilton iyo yikaŵa kuti yindajure na kuyithya zina lakuti Trump's Castle. Mu 1988, Trump wakagura malo ghachitatu mu Atlantic City, Trump Taj Mahal. Yikasangika na ndalama zakukwana madola 675 miliyoni ndipo yikamara kuzengeka na ndalama zakukwana madola 1.1 biliyoni, ndipo yikajulika mu Epulero 1990. Mu 1991, wakapempha boma kuti limovwire. Mwakuyana na ivyo vyayowoyeka mu phangano ili, Trump wakaleka hafu ya katundu wake ndipo wakalayizga kuti vinthu viŵenge makora munthazi. Kuti wachepeske ngongoli yake ya madola 900 miliyoni, wakaguliska kampani ya ndege ya Trump Shuttle; boti lake likuru, la Trump Princess, ilo wakalipeleka ku makasino ghake na kuliguliska ku malo ghanyake; na mabizinesi ghanyake. Mu 1995, Trump wakambiska Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), iyo yikamba kuŵa na Trump Plaza. THCR yikagura nyumba ya Taj Mahal na Trump Castle mu 1996 ndipo yikamba kuswa ndalama mu 2004 na mu 2009, ndipo yikamuleka na 10 peresenti. Wakalutilira kuŵa mulongozgi wa gulu ili mpaka mu 2009.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://fortune.com/2016/03/10/trump-hotel-casinos-pay-failure/ |title=How Donald Trump Made Millions Off His Biggest Business Failure |last=Tully |first=Shawn |author-link=Shawn Tully |date=March 10, 2016 |magazine=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |access-date=May 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Saxon |first=Wolfgang |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/04/28/nyregion/trump-buys-hilton-s-hotel-in-atlantic-city.html |title=Trump Buys Hilton's Hotel in Atlantic City |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 28, 1986 |access-date=May 25, 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{sfn|Blair|2015|p=351}} ====Mawupu gha Gofu==== Mu 1985, Trump wakagura nyumba ya Mar-a-Lago ku Palm Beach, Florida. Mu 1995, wakasintha malo agha na kughamba kuŵa gulu la ŵanthu ŵake na kulipira ndalama zakukwana chaka chilichose. Trump wakalutilira kugwiliskira nchito cipinda cinyake ca nyumba iyo kuŵa cikaya cake. Wakapharazga kuti club iyi ndiyo yikwenera kuŵa nyumba yake mu 2019. Mu 1999, Trump wakamba kuzenga na kugura malo gha gofu, ndipo mu 2016 wakaŵa na malo 17 pa charu chose.<ref>{{cite news |last=Garcia |first=Ahiza |date=December 29, 2016 |title=Trump's 17 golf courses teed up: Everything you need to know |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/12/29/news/donald-trump-golf-courses/ |access-date=December 15, 2025 |work=[[CNN Business]]}}</ref> === Kupeleka License ya Zina la Trump === {{see also|List of things named after Donald Trump}} Gulu la Trump kanandi likagaŵanga mazina gha Trump pa vinthu ivyo ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito, nga ni vyakurya, vyakuvwara, masambiro, na vinthu vya mu nyumba. Wakapangana na makampani ghakujumpha 50 kuti ghapike mapenshoni, ndipo ghakapanga ndalama zakukwana madola 59 miliyoni. Kuzakafika mu 2018, makampani ghaŵiri pera agho ghakupanga katundu wakukhumbikwa ndiwo ghakalutilira kupeleka zina la Trump. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 2000, wakapanga nyumba zinandi. Vinthu 40 ivyo wakapharazga vikamara yayi.{{sfn|Buettner|Craig|2024|p=410}} === Ntchito zinyake === {{see also|Donald Trump and American football}} [[File:Donald Trump and Doug Flutie at a press conference in the Trump Tower.jpg|thumb|left|1985 New Jersey Generals msonkhano wa ŵatolamakani ku Trump Tower|alt=Trump, Doug Flutie, and New Jersey Generals head coach Walt Michaels standing behind a lectern with big, round New Jersey Generals sign, with members of the press seated in the background]] Mu 1970, Trump wakasunga ndalama zakukwana $70,000 za adada ŵake kuti wapokere ndalama zakucitira cinthu cinyake pa Broadway, kweni ndalama izi zikamumara. Wati wagura timu ya New York Mets na ya Cleveland Indians, mu 1983 wakagura ya New Jersey Generals, iyo yikaŵa ya United States Football League. Mpikisanowo unatha pambuyo pa nyengo ya 1985, makamaka chifukwa cha kuyesa kwake kusamukira ku ndondomeko ya kugwa (pamene iyo ikanakhala ikupikisana ndi National Football League kwa omvera) ndi kuyesa kwake kukakamiza kugwirizana ndi NFL mwa kubweretsa chovala chotsutsa. Mu 1989 na 1990, wakalemba zina lake pa Tour de Trump, mu chiyezgo cha ku America kuti wapangiske viphalizgano vya ku Europe nga ni Tour de France panji Giro d'Italia. Kufuma mu 1986 kufika mu 1988, wakagura masheya ghanandi mu makampani ghakupambanapambana agho ghakaŵa pa malo ghakupambanapambana, ndipo wakaguliska masheya agha kuti wasangepo phindu. Nyuzipepara ya The New York Times yikati, pakwamba wakapanga ndalama zinandi comene mu malonda gha malonda agha, kweni "wakazitaya zose para ŵamalonda ŵaleka kughanaghanira ivyo wakayowoya"..<ref name="Buettner-190508">{{cite news |last1=Buettner |first1=Russ |author-link1=Russ Buettner |last2=Craig |first2=Susanne |author-link2=Susanne Craig |date=May 7, 2019 |title=Decade in the Red: Trump Tax Figures Show Over $1 Billion in Business Losses |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html |access-date=May 8, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref>[[File:Donald Trump star Hollywood Walk of Fame.JPG|thumb|upright=0.7|Star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]|alt=A red star with a bronze outline and "Donald Trump" and a TV icon written on it in bronze, embedded in a black terrazzo sidewalk]] Mu 1988, Trump wakagura ndege ya Eastern Air Lines Shuttle, na ndalama zakukwana $380 miliyoni (kuyana na $0.94 biliyoni mu 2022) mu ngongole kufuma ku mabanki 22. Wakasintha zina la ndege iyi kuŵa Trump Shuttle ndipo wakayigwiranga m'paka mu 1992. Mu 1991, wakaleka kulipira ngongoli zake, ndipo mabanki ghakamba kumuguliska. Mu 1996, wakagura viphikiro vya Miss Universe, kusazgapo Miss USA na Miss Teen USA. Chifukwa cha kusagwirizana ndi CBS pa ndondomeko, iye anatenga awiri okongola ku NBC mu 2002. Mu 2007, wakapokera nyenyezi pa Hollywood Walk of Fame chifukwa cha ntchito yake ya kupanga Miss Universe. NBC na Univision ŵakaleka kupokelera vipharazgo ivi mu Juni 2015 chifukwa cha ivyo wakayowoya vyakukhwaskana na ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku Mexico.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/tv/2015/06/29/nbc-dumps-trump/29471971/ |title=NBC to Donald Trump: You're fired |work=[[USA Today]] |first=Maria |last=Puente |date=June 29, 2015 |access-date=July 28, 2015}}</ref> ==== Yunivesite ya Trump ==== IMu 2005, Trump wakambiska Trump University, kampani iyo yikaguliskanga masemina gha malonda gha malo ghakukwana $35,000. Ŵalara ŵa boma la New York ŵakati ŵaphalira kampani iyi kuti yikupambana na malango gha boma pakuzunura "yunivesite" chifukwa yikaŵa sukulu yayi, mu 2010 ŵakasintha zina la kampani iyi kuŵa Trump Entrepreneur Initiative. Mu 2013, boma la New York likadumura mulandu wa madola 40 miliyoni ku Trump University, likati kampani iyi yikapeleka mauthenga ghautesi na kupusika ŵanthu. Mwakusazgirapo, milandu yiŵiri yikadumulika mu khoti la boma kwimikana na iyo na makampani ghake. Mabuku gha mukati ghakulongora kuti ŵantchito ŵakaphalirika kuti ŵagwirenge nchito mwakusuzga, ndipo awo ŵakagwiranga nchito mu yunivesite iyi ŵakayowoya kuti Trump University yikapusika panji kupusika ŵasambiri ŵake. Wati wawina masankho gha 2016, wakazomera kupeleka ndalama zakukwana $25 miliyoni kuti milandu yitatu iyi yimare.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/19/us/politics/trump-university.html |title=Donald Trump Agrees to Pay $25 Million in Trump University Settlement |last=Eder |first=Steve |date=November 18, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=November 18, 2016 |url-access=limited}}</ref> ===Mawupu ghamu mizi=== {{main|Donald J. Trump Foundation}} Zina lake ni Donald J. Wupu wa Trump ukaŵanga wupu waŵene uwo ukakhazikiskika mu 1988. Kufuma mu 1987 m'paka 2006, Trump wakapeleka ndalama zakukwana $5.4 miliyoni ku wupu wake, ndipo ndalama izi zikaŵa kuti zagwira kale ntchito mu 2006. Wakati wapeleka ndalama zakukwana $65,000 mu 2007 ⁇ 2008, wakaleka kupeleka ndalama zake ku gulu ili, ilo likapokera ndalama zinandi kufuma ku ŵanthu ŵanyake, kusazgapo $5 million kufuma kwa Vince McMahon. Wupu uwu ukapelekanga ndalama ku mawupu gha vyaumoyo na maseŵero, mawupu gha ŵanthu awo ŵakutemwa vyakusanguluska, na mawupu agho ghakachitanga viphikiro mu nyumba za Trump. Mu 2016, nyuzipepara ya The Washington Post yikati gulu ili likachita vinthu vyakupambanapambana pa nkhani ya malango, kusazgapo kuguliska katundu na kuleka kupeleka msonkho. Kweniso mu chaka cha 2016, loya mukuru wa boma la New York wakayowoya kuti wupu uwu waswa malango gha boma pakulomba vyawanangwa kwambula kujilambika ku kafukufuku wa pachaka ndipo wakalangula kuti wupu uwu uleke ntchito zawo zakusonkha ndalama ku New York nyengo yeneyiyo. 6] Mu Disembala 2016, Trump wakayowoya kuti wupu uwu uzamumalizgika, kweni wakazomerezgeka yayi. Mu Juni 2018, ofesi ya loya mukuru wa boma la New York yikanjizga mulandu wa civil against the foundation, Trump, and his adult children, kupenja $2.8 million mu restitution and additional penalties. Mu Disembala 2018, wupu uwu ukaleka kugwira nchito na kupeleka ndalama zake ku wupu unyake. Mu Novembala wa 2019, jaji wa boma la New York wakalangura Trump kuti wapeleke $2 miliyoni ku gulu la ŵanthu ŵakupeleka wovwiri cifukwa ca kugwiliskira nchito uheni ndalama za m'bungwe ili, kuti wapeleke ndalama zakwendeskera kampeni yake.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 |title=President Donald Trump ordered to pay $2M to collection of nonprofits as part of civil lawsuit |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |date=November 7, 2019 |access-date=November 7, 2019 |first=Aaron |last=Katersky |author-link=Aaron Katersky}}</ref> === Nkhani za malango na za banki === {{main|Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump}} Kuyana na ivyo vikalembeka mu makhoti gha mu vyaru na gha mu vyaru vinyake, ivyo vikalembeka na USA Today mu 2018, Trump na mabizinesi ghake ŵakakakika mu milandu yakujumpha 4,000. Nangauli Trump wandayowoyepo kuti wali na suzgo la ndalama, kweni bizinesi yake ya hotelo na kasino ku Atlantic City na New York, iyo yikaguliskanga ndalama zinandi, yikayowoyerathu kuti yili na suzgo la ndalama maulendo 6 kufuma mu 1991 kufika mu 2009. Banki iyi yikalutilira kugwira nchito apo banki yikanozga ngongoli na kuchepeska katundu wake mu nyumba izi. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1980, mabanki ghakujumpha 70 ghakapeleka ndalama kwa Trump zakukwana madola 4 biliyoni. Mu ma 1990, mabungwe ghakurughakuru gha banki ghakaleka kumupa ndalama, kupaturako Deutsche Bank. Pamanyuma pa kupanikizgika kwa nyumba ya Capitol pa Janyuwale 6, Deutsche Bank nayo yikasankha kuti yileke kucita nayo bizinesi panji kampani yake munthazi.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Riley |first1=Charles |last2=Egan |first2=Matt |title=Deutsche Bank won't do any more business with Trump |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/12/investing/deutsche-bank-trump/ |access-date=September 14, 2022 |work=[[CNN]] |date=January 12, 2021}}</ref> ==Ntchito ya pa mawayilesi na vyachisangulusko== {{main|Media career of Donald Trump}} Trump wali kulemba [[Bibliography of Donald Trump|mabuku 19 pasi pa zina lake]], ghanandi ghake ghakalembeka panji kulembeka pamoza na [[ghostwriters]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-books-tweet-ghostwriter-tim-o-brien-tony-schwartz-writer-response-a8431271.html |title=Trump boasted about writing many books – his ghostwriter says otherwise |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |first=Andrew |last=Buncombe |date=July 4, 2018 |access-date=October 11, 2020}}</ref> Buku lake lakwamba, la 1987 lakuti ''[[The Art of the Deal|Art of the Deal]]'', likalembeka na [[Tony Schwartz (author)|Tony Schwartz]], uyo wakulongosoreka kuti wakaŵa mulembi munyake wa buku ili. Buku ili likaŵa pa [[The New York Times Best Seller list|mndandanda wa ''New York Times'' Best Seller]] ndipo likamupangiska Trump kumanyika chomene kuwaro kwa New York nga ni munthu musambazi kweniso wakuchita makora bizinesi.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/07/25/donald-trumps-ghostwriter-tells-all |title=Donald Trump's Ghostwriter Tells All |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |first=Jane |last=Mayer |author-link=Jane Mayer |date=July 18, 2016 |access-date=June 19, 2017}}</ref> Trump wakawoneka mu mafilimu ghanandi kweniso mu mapulogiramu gha pa wayilesi ya kanema kufuma mu 1985 mpaka 2001.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Adrienne |last=LaFrance |author-link=Adrienne LaFrance |title=Three Decades of Donald Trump Film and TV Cameos |date=December 21, 2015 |magazine=[[The Atlantic]] |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/12/three-decades-of-donald-trump-film-and-tv-cameos/421257/}}</ref> Trump wakasambira umo wakachitiranga ndyali kufuma ku [[professional wrestling]]. Kwambira kumapeto kwa m'ma 1980, nyengo zinyake wakachitanga ngati ndiyo mweneuyo pa vyakuchitika vya [[WWE]], nga ni bwana musambazi chomene, kusazgapo [[WrestleMania 23]] mu 2007.{{sfn|Gaufman|Ganesh|2024|pp=69–70}}{{sfn|O'Brien|2020|p=42}} Kwambira m'ma 1990, Trump wakawonekera kaŵiri na kanayi (24) nga ni mulendo pa pulogiramu ya ''[[Howard Stern Show]]'' iyo yikafikanga charu chose.{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA166 166]}} Wakaŵaso na pulogiramu yake yifupi ya wayilesi yakudumbiskana, ''[[Trumped!]]'', kufuma mu 2004 mpaka 2008.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Massie |first1=Christopher |last2=Kaczynski |first2=Andrew |author-link2=Andrew Kaczynski |title=There Are Hours Of Audio Of Donald Trump's Nationally Syndicated Radio Show In The 2000s |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/christophermassie/theres-hours-of-audio-of-donald-trumps-nationally-syndicated |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |access-date=December 6, 2024 |date=March 16, 2016}}</ref> Kufuma mu 2011 mpaka 2015, wakaŵa mlendo wakuyowoyapo ndemanga pa ''[[Fox & Friends]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grossmann |first1=Matt |last2=Hopkins |first2=David A. |title=How the conservative media is taking over the Republican Party |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ |access-date=October 19, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 9, 2016 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mu 2021, Trump, uyo wakaŵa membala wa [[SAG-AFTRA]] kufuma mu 1989, wakafumamo mu wupu uwu kuti waleke kuwoneka pa mphara ya chilango yakukhwaskana na kuwukira kwa pa Janyuwale 6; mazuŵa ghaŵiri ghakati ghajumphapo, wupu uwu ukamukanizga kwamuyirayira kuŵaso membala.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Harmata |first=Claudia |url=https://people.com/tv/sag-aftra-bans-donald-trump-future-readmission/ |title=Donald Trump Banned from Future Re-Admission to SAG-AFTRA: It's 'More Than a Symbolic Step' |magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]] |date=February 7, 2021 |access-date=February 8, 2021}}</ref> Wakupanga mapulogiramu gha pa wayilesi ya kanema [[Mark Burnett]] wakapangiska Trump kuŵa nyenyezi ya pa wayilesi ya kanema{{sfn|Buettner|Craig|2024|p=7}} apo wakalenga pulogiramu ya [[The Apprentice (American TV series)|''The Apprentice'']], iyo Trump wakalongozganga kufuma mu 2004 mpaka 2015 (kusazgapo mtundu unyake wa ''[[The Celebrity Apprentice|The Celebrity Apprentice]]''). Mu mapulogiramu agha, wakawonekanga nga ni mulara mukuru musambazi chomene wa kampani uyo wakafumiskanga ŵakwimilira pa mpikisano na [[mazgu ghakumanyikwa]] ghakuti "wamazga ntchito". ''The New York Times'' yikachema umo wakajilongosoleranga kuti "nthowa yakumuthamikira chomene kweniso yakunozga nkhani mwakupambaniska na unenesko" ya iyomwene.<ref name="show">{{cite news |last1=Grynbaum |first1=Michael M. |last2=Parker |first2=Ashley |author-link2=Ashley Parker |date=July 16, 2016 |title=Donald Trump the Political Showman, Born on 'The Apprentice' |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/17/business/media/donald-trump-apprentice.html |access-date=July 8, 2018 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mapulogiramu agha ghakasintha umo ŵanthu mamiliyoni ghanandi mu charu chose cha United States ŵakamuwoneleranga Trump.<ref name="show"/><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Nussbaum |first=Emily |author-link=Emily Nussbaum |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/07/31/the-tv-that-created-donald-trump |title=The TV That Created Donald Trump |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=July 24, 2017 |access-date=October 18, 2023}}</ref> Kwendeskera pamoza na mapangano ghakuzomerezga kugwiliskira ntchito zina lake na malonda ghake, wakasangapo ndalama zakujumpha US$400 miliyoni.<ref>{{cite news |last=Poniewozik |first=James |author-link=James Poniewozik |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/28/arts/television/trump-taxes-apprentice.html |title=Donald Trump Was the Real Winner of 'The Apprentice' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 28, 2020 |access-date=October 18, 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref> == Kukhumba kunjira mu ndyali pakwamba == {{further|[[Ntchito ya ndyali ya Donald Trump]]}} [[File:Donald Trump speaking at CPAC 2011 by Mark Taylor.jpg|thumb|Kuyowoya pa [[Conservative Political Action Conference|CPAC]], Febuluwale 2011|alt=Trump, leaning heavily onto a lectern, with his mouth open mid-speech and a woman clapping next to him]] Trump wakalembeska kuti ni wa chipani cha [[Republican Party|Republican]] mu Queens mu 1969 ndipo ku Manhattan mu 1987;{{sfn|Barrett|2016|p=75}}<ref>{{cite news |last=Gillin |first=Joshua |date=August 24, 2015 |title=Bush says Trump was a Democrat longer than a Republican 'in the last decade' |url=https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ |access-date=September 23, 2025 |work=[[PolitiFact]]}}</ref> wakaŵa membala wa [[Independence Party of New York|Chipani cha Independence cha New York]], nthambi ya boma la New York ya [[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform Party]], mu 1999; wa [[Democratic Party (United States)|Chipani cha Democratic]] mu 2001; Republican mu 2009; [[Independent politician|wambura chipani]] mu 2011; ndipo Republican mu 2012.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hall |first=Amy |title=Donald Trump was once a registered Democrat and party donor. So why did he jump ship? |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/donald-trump-was-once-a-registered-democrat-and-party-donor-why-did-he-jump-ship/wj85mj5yq |website=[[SBS News]] |access-date=March 29, 2025 |date=July 25, 2024}}</ref> Mu 1987, Trump wakafumiska malonda gha ukuru wa peji yose mu manyuzipepara ghakuru,<ref name="hint">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/02/nyregion/trump-gives-a-vague-hint-of-candidacy.html |title=Trump Gives a Vague Hint of Candidacy |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=Michael |last=Oreskes |author-link=Michael Oreskes |date=September 2, 1987 |access-date=February 17, 2016 |url-access=limited}}</ref> wakalongosoranga maghanoghano ghake pa ndyali za vyaru vinyake kweniso umo wangamalira kusoŵeka kwa ndalama mu bajeti ya boma la federal.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/18/us/trump-urged-to-head-gala-of-democrats.html |title=Trump Urged To Head Gala Of Democrats |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 18, 1987 |access-date=October 1, 2021 |first=Fox |last=Butterfield |author-link=Fox Butterfield |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mu 1988, wakaluta kwa [[Lee Atwater]], wakamupempha kuti wamughanaghanire kuŵa wanyake wakwimilira pamoza na munthu wakwimira chipani cha Republican, [[George H. W. Bush]]. Bush wakati pempho ili "likaŵa lachilendo kweniso lakusuzga kugomezga".{{sfn|Meacham|2016|p=326}}<ref>{{cite news |title=George W. Bush 'surprised' by dad's criticism, author says |last=Gass |first=Nick |date=November 6, 2015 |access-date=December 20, 2024 |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/11/george-w-bush-father-book-215588 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Trump [[Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign|wakaŵa wakwimilira]] pa [[2000 Reform Party presidential primaries|ma primaries gha purezidenti gha Reform Party gha 2000]] kwa myezi yitatu pambere wandafumemo mu Febuluwale 2000.<ref>{{cite news |first=Richard |last=Winger |author-link=Richard Winger |title=Donald Trump Ran For President in 2000 in Several Reform Party Presidential Primaries |date=December 25, 2011 |access-date=October 1, 2021 |website=[[Ballot Access News]] |url=https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Clift |first=Eleanor |author-link=Eleanor Clift |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-last-time-trump-wrecked-a-party |title=The Last Time Trump Wrecked a Party |work=[[The Daily Beast]] |date=July 18, 2016 |access-date=October 14, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Nagourney |first=Adam |author-link=Adam Nagourney |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/politics/camp/021400wh-ref-trump.html |title=Reform Bid Said to Be a No-Go for Trump |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 14, 2000 |access-date=December 26, 2020 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu 2011, Trump wakaghanaghananga kupikisana na Pulezidenti [[Barack Obama]] pa [[2012 United States presidential election|chisankho cha pulezidenti cha 2012]]. Wakayowoya pa [[Conservative Political Action Conference]] mu Febuluwale ndipo wakayowoya nkhani mu vigaŵa ivyo vikachitanga ma primaries ghakwambilira.<ref name="McA">{{cite news |last=MacAskill |first=Ewen |author-link=Ewen MacAskill |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race |title=Donald Trump bows out of 2012 US presidential election race |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=May 16, 2011 |access-date=February 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bobic |first1=Igor |last2=Stein |first2=Sam |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/donald-trump-cpac_n_58adc0f4e4b03d80af7141cf |title=How CPAC Helped Launch Donald Trump's Political Career |work=[[HuffPost]] |date=February 22, 2017 |access-date=February 28, 2020}}</ref> Mu Meyi 2011, wakapharazga kuti wazamupikisana yayi.<ref name="McA"/> == Chisankho cha pulezidenti cha 2016 == {{main|[[2016 United States presidential election|Chisankho cha pulezidenti cha United States cha 2016]]}} {{further|[[Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign|Ndondomeko ya kampeni ya Donald Trump ya 2016]]|[[2016 Republican Party presidential primaries|Ma primaries gha pulezidenti gha Republican gha 2016]]|[[First presidential transition of Donald Trump|Kusintha kwa boma lakwamba la Donald Trump]]}} [[File:Donald Trump by Gage Skidmore 5.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Trump speaking in front of an American flag behind a lectern, wearing a black business suit and a bright red "MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN" baseball cap. The lectern sports a blue "TRUMP" sign.|Kuchita kampeni ku Arizona, Malichi 2016]] Trump wakapharazga kuti wapikisanenge pa chisankho cha 2016 mu Juni 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lerner |first=Adam B. |author-link=Adam B. Lerner |date=June 16, 2015 |title=The 10 best lines from Donald Trump's announcement speech |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/06/donald-trump-2016-announcement-10-best-lines-119066 |access-date=June 7, 2018 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=May 13, 2016 |title=The Lie of Trump's 'Self-Funding' Campaign |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/05/trumps-self-funding-lie/482691/ |access-date=June 7, 2018 |work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Wakagwiliskiranga ntchito mazgu gha kampeni ghakuti "[[Make America Great Again|Pangaso America Kuŵa Yikuru]]", agho wakalembeska nga ni chizindikiro cha malonda mu 2012,<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Wilson |first=Chris |url=https://time.com/5084673/donald-trump-make-america-great-again-trademark/ |title='Make America High Again' and 279 Other Ways People Are Ripping Off Trump's Campaign Slogan |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=January 8, 2018 |access-date=April 13, 2026}}</ref> ndipo wakachita kampeni nga ni mubizinesi musambazi, wakachita makora, kweniso munthu uyo wakaŵavya vinandi vya ndyali,<ref>{{cite news |last=Terris |first=Ben |title=Donald Trump begins 2016 bid, citing his outsider status |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/donald-trump-is-now-a-candidate-for-president-of-the-united-states/2015/06/16/5e6d738e-1441-11e5-9ddc-e3353542100c_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=June 16, 2015 |access-date=April 26, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=December 19, 2015 |title=Outsider Sentiment Leaves Its Mark on 2016 Races (Poll) |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/outsider-sentiment-leaves-mark-2016-races-poll/story?id=35850546 |access-date=April 26, 2025 |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Newport |first1=Frank |last2=Saad |first2=Lydia |title=Trump Support Built on Outsider Status, Business Experience |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/189773/trump-support-built-outsider-status-business-experience.aspx |publisher=[[Gallup, Inc.]] |date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=April 26, 2025}}</ref> ndipo wakatenge ŵakumupuskira nkhani ŵakaŵa na [[kukondera kwa vyakupharazga nkhani]] pa iyo.<ref>{{cite news |first=Kenneth T. |last=Walsh |author-link=Kenneth T. Walsh |title=Trump: Media Is 'Dishonest and Corrupt' |date=August 15, 2016 |access-date=October 1, 2021 |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-08-15/trump-media-is-dishonest-and-corrupt}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/07/06/donald-trumps-failing-war-on-political-correctness/ |title=Donald Trump is waging war on political correctness. And he's losing. |first=Aaron |last=Blake |date=July 6, 2016 |access-date=October 1, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mazgu gha Trump pa kampeni kanandi ghakaŵanga ghambura kupulikikwa makora ndipo ghakalongosoranga vinthu mwakubisa;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489476187/trump-s-second-amendment-comment-fit-a-pattern-of-ambiguous-speech |last=McCammon |first=Sarah |author-link=Sarah McCammon |title=Donald Trump's controversial speech often walks the line |work=[[NPR News]] |date=August 10, 2016 |access-date=October 1, 2021}}</ref> ndipo mautesi ghake ghakaŵa ghanandi kuluska kale.<ref name="whoppers">{{cite news |title=The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2015/12/the-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump/ |work=[[FactCheck.org]] |access-date=March 4, 2019 |date=December 21, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2015/dec/21/2015-lie-year-donald-trump-campaign-misstatements/ |title=2015 Lie of the Year: the campaign misstatements of Donald Trump |work=[[PolitiFact]] |date=December 21, 2015 |access-date=October 1, 2021 |first1=Angie Drobnic |last1=Holan |author-link1=Angie Drobnic Holan |first2=Linda |last2=Qiu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Farhi |title=Think Trump's wrong? Fact checkers can tell you how often. (Hint: A lot.) |date=February 26, 2016 |access-date=October 1, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/the-existential-crisis-of-professional-factcheckers-in-the-year-of-trump/2016/02/25/e994f210-db3e-11e5-81ae-7491b9b9e7df_story.html |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mu Malichi 2016 wakaŵa munthu wakulongozga pa chipani cha Republican,<ref>{{cite news |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=March 23, 2016 |title=Why Donald Trump is poised to win the nomination and lose the general election, in one poll |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/03/23/why-donald-trump-is-poised-to-win-the-nomination-and-lose-the-general-election-in-one-poll/ |access-date=October 1, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> ndipo mu Meyi wakapharazgika kuti ndiyo wakaŵa wakwimira chipani cha Republican pa chisankho.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ohlemacher |first=Stephen |url=https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-north-dakota-campaign-2016-events-united-states-presidential-election-a382673514394788b45cfc109d0febe4 |title=Mister 1,237: North Dakota delegate puts Trump over the top |work=[[AP News]] |date=May 26, 2016 |access-date=January 28, 2025}}</ref> Trump wakalongosora kuti [[NATO]] "yikagwiraso ntchito yayi"<ref>{{cite news |first=Jenna |last=Johnson |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/04/12/trump-on-nato-i-said-it-was-obsolete-its-no-longer-obsolete/ |title=Trump on NATO: 'I said it was obsolete. It's no longer obsolete.' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 12, 2017 |access-date=November 26, 2019 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{sfn|Edwards|2018|loc="On the campaign trail, Trump repeatedly called North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 'obsolete'"}} ndipo wakalongora maghanoghano agho ''The Washington Post'' yikaghachema kuti gha [[kwambura kunjilirapo pa nkhondo za vyaru vinyake]] kweniso [[kukhwirizga malonda gha mu charu]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rucker |first1=Philip |author-link1=Philip Rucker |last2=Costa |first2=Robert |author-link2=Robert Costa (journalist) |date=March 21, 2016 |access-date=August 24, 2021 |title=Trump questions need for NATO, outlines noninterventionist foreign policy |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/ |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ndondomeko yake ya kampeni yikakhazikanga pa kukambiranaso [[Ubwezi wa pakati pa United States na China|ubwezi wa United States na China]] kweniso [[mapangano gha malonda ghambura msonkho]] nga ni [[North American Free Trade Agreement|NAFTA]], kweniso kukhozga chomene malango gha ŵanthu ŵakunjira mu charu. Maghanoghano ghanyake gha kampeni ghakasazgapo kupenja [[kujiyimira pawekha pa nkhani ya nkhongono]], nangauli wakasuskananga na malango ghakukhwaskana na kusintha kwa nyengo, kunozga [[Veterans Benefits Administration|mauteŵeti gha ŵasilikari ŵakupumura]], kumazga na kunozgaso [[Affordable Care Act]], kumazga fundo za masambiro za [[Common Core]], [[chitukuko cha zomangamanga|kuŵika ndalama mu zomangamanga]], kupusuza [[Internal Revenue Code|dango la misonkho]] apo wakachepeskanga misonkho, kweniso kuŵika [[msonkho wa katundu wakunjira mu charu|misonkho ya katundu]] pa vinthu vyakunjira mu charu ivyo vikapangika na makampani agho ghakasamuskira ntchito zawo kuwaro kwa United States. Wakakhumbanga kusazgirako ndalama za ŵasilikari kweniso kuchita kusanda mwankhongono panji kuŵakanizga ŵanthu ŵakufuma mu vyaru vya Chisilamu kunjira mu charu.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-37982000 |title=Trump's promises before and after the election |date=September 19, 2017 |access-date=October 1, 2021 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Wakalayizga kuzenga [[Lupupa lwa mphaka ya Mexico na United States|lupupa pa mphaka ya Mexico na United States]] ndipo wakalayizga kuti Mexico ndiyo wazamukulipira.<ref>{{cite news |date=February 6, 2017 |title=Donald Trump's Mexico wall: Who is going to pay for it? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-37243269 |access-date=December 9, 2017 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Wakalayizgaso kuchimbizga mamiliyoni gha [[Ŵalendo ŵambura mapepala mu United States|ŵalendo ŵambura mapepala awo ŵakakhalanga mu United States]],<ref>{{cite news |date=August 19, 2015 |title=Donald Trump emphasizes plans to build 'real' wall at Mexico border |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/donald-trump-emphasizes-plans-to-build-real-wall-at-mexico-border-1.3196807 |access-date=September 29, 2015 |work=[[CBC News]]}}</ref> ndipo wakasuska [[Ufulu wa kuŵa mwanarumi wa charu chifukwa cha kubabikira mu United States|ufumu wa kuŵa mwanarumi wa charu chifukwa cha kubabikira mu United States]], wakati uku ukupangiska kuŵa na "[[anchor babies|ŵana ŵakubabikira kuti ŵapoke wanarumi]]".<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Oh |first=Inae |date=August 19, 2015 |title=Donald Trump: The 14th Amendment is Unconstitutional |url=https://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2015/08/donald-trump-has-some-thoughts-about-the-constitution |access-date=November 22, 2015 |magazine=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]}}</ref> Kuyana na kusanda uko kukafuma mu ''[[Political Science Quarterly]]'', pa kampeni yake ya pa [[visola vya pulezidenti vya United States vya 2016|visola vya pulezidenti vya 2016]], Trump wakagwiliskira ntchito mazgu agho ghakawonekanga pakweru kuti ghakaŵa gha sankho la mtundu na gha kusankhana ŵanalume na ŵanakazi kuti wakope ŵavoti ŵatuŵa.{{sfn|Schaffner|Macwilliams|Nteta|2018|p=31}} Chomenechomene, mazgu ghake ghakwambilira gha kampeni ghakasuskika chifukwa chakuti wakati ŵalendo ŵa ku Mexico "ŵakwiza na munkhwala wakuzweteska, ŵakwiza na ubendezi, ŵakuchita chibundi";<ref>{{cite news |last=Wolf |first=Z. Byron |date=April 6, 2018 |title=Trump basically called Mexicans rapists again |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/06/politics/trump-mexico-rapists/ |access-date=June 28, 2022 |work=[[CNN]]}}</ref> chifukwa cha ivi, NBC yikamufumiska pa ''[[The Celebrity Apprentice|Celebrity Apprentice]]''.<ref>{{cite news |date=August 13, 2015 |title=NBC officially fires Trump from 'Celebrity Apprentice' |url=https://apnews.com/article/cb81efbf341a40f6be98bb8c1933bcf4 |access-date=August 27, 2025 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref> == Ulongozgi wakwamba (2017–2021) == {{main|[[Ulongozgi wakwamba wa Donald Trump|Ulongozgi wakwamba wa Donald Trump]]}} {{for timeline|[[Nyengo ya maulamuliro gha Donald Trump#Ulongozgi wakwamba (2017–2021)|Nyengo ya maulamuliro gha Donald Trump]]}} [[File:Donald Trump swearing in ceremony.jpg|thumb|alt=Trump, with his family watching, raises his right hand and places his left hand on the Bible as he takes the oath of office. Roberts stands opposite him administering the oath|Trump wakulapa [[Layizgo la ntchito ya pulezidenti wa United States|layizgo la ntchito ya pulezidenti]], ilo likalongozgeka na Mweruzgi Mukuru [[John Roberts]], pa Janyuwale&nbsp;20, 2017]] Trump [[Kunjira mu udindo kwa Donald Trump kwakwamba|wakanjizgika mu udindo]] pa Janyuwale&nbsp;20, 2017. Zuŵa lakulondezgapo, ŵanthu ŵakukwana pafupifupi 2.6 miliyoni pa charu chose chapasi, kusazgapo 500,000 ku Washington, D.C., ŵakachita viwoneskero vyakususkana nayo mu [[Women's March ya 2017|Women's Marches]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/21/womens-march-aims-start-movement-trump-inauguration/96864158/ |title=At 2.6 million strong, Women's Marches crush expectations |last1=Przybyla |first1=Heidi M. |last2=Schouten |first2=Fredreka |date=January 21, 2017 |work=[[USA Today]] |access-date=January 22, 2017}}</ref> Mu masabata ghake ghaŵiri ghakwamba mu udindo, Trump wakasaina [[Mndandanda wa malango gha boma gha mu ulongozgi wakwamba wa Trump|malango gha boma]] 18, kusazgapo kuzomerezga nthowa zakumazgira Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare"), kufumamo mu kudumbiskana kwa Trans-Pacific Partnership, kulutiska panthazi ma projekiti gha [[Keystone XL Pipeline|Keystone XL]] na [[Dakota Access Pipeline]], kweniso kunozgekera kuzenga lupupa pa mphaka ya United States na Mexico.<ref>{{cite news |last=Quigley |first=Aidan |title=All of Trump's executive actions so far |url=https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2017/01/all-trump-executive-actions-000288/ |access-date=January 28, 2017 |work=[[Politico]] |date=January 25, 2017}}</ref> === Kukwaskana kwa vyakukondweska vya munthu yekha === {{see also|[[Ulongozgi wakwamba wa Donald Trump#Makhaliro|Ulongozgi wakwamba wa Donald Trump]]}} Trump wakalutilira kusanga phindu kufuma ku mabizinesi ghake pa nyengo ya ulongozgi wake wakwamba ndipo wakamanyanga umo ndondomeko za boma lake zikakhwaskiranga mabizinesi agha.<ref name="BBC041817">{{cite news |date=April 18, 2017 |title=Donald Trump: A list of potential conflicts of interest |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38069298 |access-date=October 2, 2021 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref name="Venook">{{cite news |last=Venook |first=Jeremy |title=Trump's Interests vs. America's, Dubai Edition |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/08/donald-trump-conflicts-of-interests/508382/ |work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=August 9, 2017 |access-date=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Wakati wazamuchita yayi "mapangano ghaphya gha kuwaro kwa charu", kweni Trump Organization yikalutilira kusazgirako ntchito zake ku Scotland, Dubai na Dominican Republic.<ref name="BBC041817"/><ref name="Venook"/> Ŵakukopa boma, ŵalara ŵa maboma gha kuwaro, kweniso ŵakupa ndalama ku Trump na ŵabwezi ŵake ŵakamupangira ndalama zakukwana mazana ghanandi gha mamiliyoni gha madola pa malo ghake ghakupumulirako na mahotelo.<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Peter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jul/19/donald-trump-businesses-hotels-conflict-of-interest |title=How Trump's businesses are booming with lobbyists, donors and governments |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=July 19, 2019 |access-date=November 20, 2024}}</ref> === Ndondomeko za mukati mwa charu === {{main|[[Ndondomeko za mukati mwa charu za boma lakwamba la Trump|Ndondomeko za mukati mwa charu za boma lakwamba la Trump]]|[[Ndondomeko ya vyachuma ya boma lakwamba la Trump|Ndondomeko ya vyachuma ya boma lakwamba la Trump]]|[[Ndondomeko ya vyachilengedwe ya boma lakwamba la Trump|Ndondomeko ya vyachilengedwe ya boma lakwamba la Trump]]|[[Ndondomeko ya umoyo wa ŵanthu ya boma lakwamba la Trump|Ndondomeko ya umoyo wa ŵanthu ya boma lakwamba la Trump]]}} Trump wakanjira mu udindo apo United States yikaŵa mu nyengo yitali chomene ya [[kukura kwa vyachuma]],<ref name=VanDam>{{cite news |first=Andrew |last=Van Dam |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/08/trump-jobs-record/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |title=Trump will have the worst jobs record in modern U.S. history. It's not just the pandemic. |date=January 8, 2021 |access-date=October 2, 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref> iyo yikamba mu 2009 na kulutilira mpaka Febuluwale 2020 apo [[kusika kwa vyachuma chifukwa cha COVID-19]] kukamba.<ref>{{cite news |last=Smialek |first=Jeanna |date=June 8, 2020 |title=The U.S. Entered a Recession in February |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/08/business/economy/us-economy-recession-2020.html |access-date=June 10, 2020 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mu Disembala 2017, wakasaina [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017|Dango la Tax Cuts and Jobs Act la 2017]], ilo likachepeska misonkho ya mabizinesi na ya ŵanthu payekhapayekha, kweniso likamazga chilango chakukhwaskana na dango la [[Affordable Care Act]] lakuti munthu waliyose waŵe na inshuwalansi ya umoyo.<ref>{{cite news |last=Long |first=Heather |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/12/15/the-final-gop-tax-bill-is-complete-heres-what-is-in-it/ |title=The final GOP tax bill is complete. Here's what is in it. |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 15, 2017 |access-date=July 31, 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/15/us/politics/final-republican-tax-bill-cuts.html |title=What's in the Final Republican Tax Bill |work=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Wilson |last1=Andrews |first2=Alicia |last2=Parlapiano |date=December 15, 2017 |access-date=December 22, 2017 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mu nyengo ya Trump, kusoŵeka kwa ndalama mu bajeti ya boma la federal kukakwera pafupifupi 50 peresenti, kufika pafupifupi US$1 thiriliyoni mu 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Long |first1=Heather |last2=Stein |first2=Jeff |author-link2=Jeff Stein (author) |title=The U.S. deficit hit $984 billion in 2019, soaring during Trump era |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/10/25/us-deficit-hit-billion-marking-nearly-percent-increase-during-trump-era/ |access-date=June 10, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=October 25, 2019 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Paumaliro wa nyengo yake mu udindo, [[ngongoli ya charu ya United States]] yikakwera na 39 peresenti kufika pa US$27.75 thiriliyoni, ndipo chiŵelengero cha ngongoli pakuyezga na GDP cha United States chikafika pachanya chomene kufuma pa nyengo ya Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya pa Charu Chose.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Allan |last1=Sloan |first2=Cezary |last2=Podkul |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/national-debt-trump |work=[[ProPublica]] |title=Donald Trump Built a National Debt So Big (Even Before the Pandemic) That It'll Weigh Down the Economy for Years |date=January 14, 2021 |access-date=October 3, 2021}}</ref> Trump wakukana [[kumanyana kwa ŵasayansi pa kusintha kwa nyengo]].<ref> * {{cite news |first1=Ashley |last1=Parker |author-link1=Ashley Parker |first2=Coral |last2=Davenport |title=Donald Trump's Energy Plan: More Fossil Fuels and Fewer Rules |date=May 26, 2016 |access-date=October 3, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/27/us/politics/donald-trump-global-warming-energy-policy.html |url-access=limited}} * {{cite news |first=Jason |last=Samenow |author-link=Jason Samenow |title=Donald Trump's unsettling nonsense on weather and climate |date=March 22, 2016 |access-date=October 3, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2016/03/22/donald-trumps-unsettling-nonsense-on-weather-and-climate |url-access=limited}} * {{cite news |last1=Lemire |first1=Jonathan |author-link1=Jonathan Lemire |last2=Madhani |first2=Aamer |last3=Weissert |first3=Will |last4=Knickmeyer |first4=Ellen |date=September 15, 2020 |title=Trump spurns science on climate: 'Don't think science knows' |url=https://apnews.com/article/climate-climate-change-elections-joe-biden-campaigns-bd152cd786b58e45c61bebf2457f9930 |access-date=May 11, 2024 |work=[[AP News]]}} * {{cite news |last1=Plumer |first1=Brad |last2=Davenport |first2=Coral |date=December 28, 2019 |title=Science Under Attack: How Trump Is Sidelining Researchers and Their Work |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/28/climate/trump-administration-war-on-science.html |access-date=May 11, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}} </ref> Wakachepeska bajeti ya kafukufuku wa [[Nkhongono zakuweleraso ku United States#Kafukufuku wa nkhongono zakuweleraso|nkhongono zakuweleraso]] na 40 peresenti, ndipo wakawuskapo ndondomeko za nyengo ya Obama izo zikakhumbanga kuchepeska [[kusintha kwa nyengo]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump proposes cuts to climate and clean-energy programs |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/how-trump-is-changing-science-environment |date=May 3, 2019 |work=[[National Geographic Society]] |access-date=November 24, 2023}}</ref> Wakafumiska United States mu [[United States na Pangano la Paris|Pangano la Paris]], kupangiska United States kuŵa charu chimoza pera icho chikaŵa chindazomerezge pangano ili.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dennis |first=Brady |title=As Syria embraces Paris climate deal, it's the United States against the world |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/11/07/as-syria-embraces-paris-climate-deal-its-the-united-states-against-the-world |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 7, 2017 |access-date=May 28, 2018 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Trump wakakhumbanga, ndipo wachali kukhumba, kusazgirako kupanga na kutumiza kuwaro [[mafuta gha pansi]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Gardner |first=Timothy |title=Senate confirms Brouillette, former Ford lobbyist, as energy secretary |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-energy-brouillette/senate-confirms-brouillette-former-ford-lobbyist-as-energy-secretary-idUSKBN1Y62E6 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=December 3, 2019 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/article/mt-state-wire-climate-ap-top-news-climate-change-ca-state-wire-2b44ced0e892d7e988e40a486d875b5d |work=[[AP News]] |title=Trump's fossil fuel agenda gets pushback from federal judges |first=Matthew |last=Brown |date=September 15, 2020 |access-date=October 3, 2021}}</ref> Kupanga gasi wachilengedwe kukakura mu nyengo ya Trump, kweni kupanga [[Kukumba malasha ku United States#Kupanga|malasha]] kukalutilira kuchepa.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lipton |first=Eric |author-link=Eric Lipton |date=October 5, 2020 |title='The Coal Industry Is Back,' Trump Proclaimed. It Wasn't. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/05/us/politics/trump-coal-industry.html |access-date=October 3, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name=Subramaniam>{{cite news |first=Tara |last=Subramaniam |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/30/politics/trump-broken-promises/ |title=From building the wall to bringing back coal: Some of Trump's more notable broken promises |work=[[CNN]] |date=January 30, 2021 |access-date=October 3, 2021}}</ref> Wakawuskapo [[Rollback|malango gha boma]] ghakujumpha 100 agho ghakavikilira vyachilengedwe, kusazgapo agho ghakachepeskanga [[mpweya wakuwoneska kutentha]], kunangika kwa mphepo na [[kunangika kwa maji]], kweniso kugwiliskira ntchito vyakofya. Wakafoka nkhongono za malango ghakovwira vinyama na [[Environmental standard#United States|vyeruzgo vya vyachilengedwe]] pa ma projekiti gha boma, ndipo wakazomerezga malo ghanandi ghakukumbiramo mafuta na vinthu vya mu dongo, nga nkhuvwilira [[Arctic Refuge drilling controversy|kukumba mafuta mu Arctic Refuge]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Popovich |first1=Nadja |last2=Albeck-Ripka |first2=Livia |last3=Pierre-Louis |first3=Kendra |author-link3=Kendra Pierre-Louis |title=The Trump Administration Rolled Back More Than 100 Environmental Rules. Here's the Full List. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/climate/trump-environment-rollbacks-list.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 20, 2021 |access-date=December 21, 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mu kuzgora ku [[Suzgo la munkhwala wa opioid ku United States|suzgo la munkhwala wa opioid]] ku United States, Trump wakasaina dango mu 2018 lakusazgirako ndalama zakovwira ŵanthu awo ŵakupokera wovwiri wakuleka munkhwala wakuzweteska, kweni wakasuskika chomene chifukwa chakuti wakatondeka kuŵika ndondomeko yakupulikikwa makora yakumazgira suzgo ili.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mann |first=Brian |date=October 29, 2020 |title=Opioid Crisis: Critics Say Trump Fumbled Response To Another Deadly Epidemic |work=[[NPR News]] |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/10/29/927859091/opioid-crisis-critics-say-trump-fumbled-response-to-another-deadly-epidemic |access-date=December 13, 2020}}</ref> Wakakanizga mawupu agho ghakapelekanga vyakufumiska nthumbo panji kulongozga ŵanakazi uko ŵangakasanga vyakufumiska nthumbo kuti ghapokere ndalama za boma la federal.<ref>{{cite news |title=Abortion: How do Trump and Biden's policies compare? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2020-54003808 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=July 17, 2023 |date=September 9, 2020}}</ref> Boma lake likawuskapo vigaŵa vikuru vya ndondomeko za boma la Obama zakuvikilira ŵantchito ku [[kusankhana ŵanthu ŵa LGBT|kusankhana ŵanthu ŵa LGBTQ]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/lgbtq-advocates-say-trump-s-news-executive-order-makes-them-n740301 |title=LGBTQ Advocates Say Trump's New Executive Order Makes Them Vulnerable to Discrimination |work=[[NBC News]] |first=Mary Emily |last=O'Hara |date=March 30, 2017 |access-date=July 30, 2017}}</ref> Kuyezga kwake kwakuwuskapo malango ghakovwira ŵalwari ŵa [[ŵanthu ŵakusintha jenda|transgender]] ku kusankhana mu Ogasiti 2020 kukakanizgika na mweruzgi wa boma la federal pamanyuma pakuti Khoti Likuru likafiska ufulu wa ŵantchito kuŵa wakuvikilirika pa [[jenda]] na kaŵiro ka munthu ka kugonana.<ref>{{cite news |last=Luthi |first=Susannah |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/08/17/judge-trump-rollback-transgender-health-397332 |title=Judge halts Trump's rollback of transgender health protections |work=[[Politico]] |date=August 17, 2020 |access-date=November 8, 2023}}</ref> Boma lake [[Ndondomeko ya chamba ya boma lakwamba la Trump|likasuskanga kugwiliskira ntchito chamba]], ndipo likawuskapo [[Cole Memorandum|ndondomeko za nyengo ya Obama]] izo zikavikiliranga maboma agho ghakazomerezga kugwiliskira ntchito chamba mwakwenelera.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bures |first=Brendan |date=February 21, 2020 |access-date=October 3, 2021 |title=Trump administration doubles down on anti-marijuana position |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/marijuana/sns-tft-trump-anti-marijuana-stance-20200221-jfdx4urbb5bhrf6ldtfpxleopi-story.html}}</ref> Trump ni wakwimilira chilango cha nyifwa kwa nyengo yitali,<ref>{{cite news |last=Wolf |first=Zachary B. |title=Trump returns to the death penalty as Democrats turn against it |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/27/politics/death-penalty-trump-democrats/ |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=September 18, 2022 |date=July 27, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Honderich |first=Holly |title=In Trump's final days, a rush of federal executions |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55236260 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=January 16, 2021 |access-date=September 18, 2022}}</ref> ndipo boma lake likalongozga [[Chilango cha nyifwa na boma la federal la United States|boma la federal la United States]] pa kukoma ŵakayidi 13, chiŵelengero chikuru kuluska ŵose awo ŵakakomeka mu vyaka 56 ivyo vikajumpha, ndipo vikamazga nyengo ya vyaka 17 iyo chilango ichi chikachitikanga yayi.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Michael |last1=Tarm |first2=Michael |last2=Kunzelman |title=Trump administration carries out 13th and final execution |url=https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-wildlife-coronavirus-pandemic-crime-terre-haute-28e44cc5c026dc16472751bbde0ead50 |work=[[AP News]] |date=January 15, 2021 |access-date=January 30, 2022}}</ref> === Kugowokera na kuchepeska chilango === {{further|[[Mndandanda wa ŵanthu awo ŵakapokera chigowokero cha pulezidenti mu ulongozgi wakwamba wa Trump]]}} Mu nyengo yake yakwamba mu udindo, Trump wakapeleka vigowokero 237, vichoko kuluska mapulezidenti wose kufuma mu 1900 kupatulako [[George H. W. Bush]] na [[George W. Bush]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Gramlich |first=John |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/01/22/trump-used-his-clemency-power-sparingly-despite-a-raft-of-late-pardons-and-commutations/ |title=Trump used his clemency power sparingly despite a raft of late pardons and commutations |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |date=January 22, 2021 |access-date=July 23, 2023}}</ref> Pa vigowokero ivi, 25 pera ndivyo vikawunikika na [[Office of the Pardon Attorney|Ofesi ya Loya wa Vigowokero]] ya Unduna wa vya Malango; vinyake vikapelekeka ku ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa na ubwezi wa munthu panji wa ndyali na iyo, mbumba yake, panji ŵabwezi ŵake, panji awo ŵakalimbikizgika na ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa.<ref name="road">{{cite news |last=Vogel |first=Kenneth P. |author-link=Kenneth P. Vogel |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/27/us/politics/trump-pardons.html |title=The Road to Clemency From Trump Was Closed to Most Who Sought It |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 21, 2021 |access-date=July 23, 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="OloDaw">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-pardon-power-russia-probe-mueller/2020/12/24/c55000c8-45fd-11eb-b0e4-0f182923a025_story.html |date=December 24, 2020 |access-date=October 3, 2021 |title=Trump wields pardon power as political weapon, rewarding loyalists and undermining prosecutors |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |first1=Toluse |last1=Olorunnipa |author-link1=Toluse Olorunnipa |first2=Josh |last2=Dawsey |author-link2=Josh Dawsey |url-access=limited}}</ref> Pa zuŵa lake laumaliro lathunthu mu udindo, wakagowokera ŵanthu 73 ndipo wakachepeska vilango vya ŵanthu 70.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Kevin |last1=Johnson |first2=David |last2=Jackson |first3=Dennis |last3=Wagner |url=https://usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/01/19/donald-trump-pardons-steve-bannon-white-house/4209763001/ |title=Donald Trump grants clemency to 144 people (not himself or family members) in final hours |date=January 19, 2021 |work=[[USA Today]] |access-date=July 23, 2023}}</ref> Vigowokero vya ŵasilikari ŵatatu awo ŵakasangika na mulandu panji ŵakeneranga kweruzgika pa milandu ya nkhaza vikakanizgika na ŵalongozgi ŵa ŵasilikari.<ref>{{cite news |last=Phillips |first=Dave |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/15/us/trump-pardons.html |title=Trump Clears Three Service Members in War Crimes Cases |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 22, 2019 |access-date=April 18, 2024 |url-access=limited}}</ref> === Ndondomeko ya ŵanthu ŵakusamukira mu charu === {{main|[[Ndondomeko ya ŵanthu ŵakusamukira mu charu ya boma lakwamba la Trump]]}} {{further|[[Suzgo la mphaka ya Mexico–United States#Boma lakwamba la Trump (2017–2021)]]}} [[File:Texas Photo 1.jpg|thumb|Ŵana, mphasa zakugonapo na mabulangete gha foil mu chipinda cha waya, [[Ursula (detention center)|malo ghakusungiramo ŵanthu gha Ursula]], Juni 2018]] Nga ni pulezidenti, Trump wakalongosoranga kuti ŵanthu ŵakanjira mu charu mwambura kuzomerezgeka "ŵakunjira mwankhaza" mu United States<ref>{{cite news |last=Fritze |first=John |date=August 8, 2019 |title=A USA Today analysis found Trump used words like 'invasion' and 'killer' at rallies more than 500 times since 2017 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/08/08/trump-immigrants-rhetoric-criticized-el-paso-dayton-shootings/1936742001/ |access-date=August 9, 2019 |work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> ndipo wakakhozga chomene kukhozga malango gha ŵanthu ŵakusamukira mu charu.{{sfn|Johnson|2017a}}{{sfn|Johnson|Cuison-Villazor|2019}} Wakakhazikiska ndondomeko zakukhora zakususkana na ŵanthu awo ŵakapenjanga malo ghakubisamamo chifukwa cha suzgo.{{sfn|Johnson|Cuison-Villazor|2019}} Wakatumizga [[Operation Faithful Patriot|ŵasilikari pafupifupi 6,000]] ku [[mphaka ya United States na Mexico]] kuti ŵakanizge ŵanthu ŵakunjira mu charu mwambura kuzomerezgeka.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mitchell |first=Ellen |date=January 29, 2019 |title=Pentagon to send a 'few thousand' more troops to southern border |url=https://thehill.com/policy/defense/427519-pentagon-to-send-a-few-thousand-more-troops-to-southern-border |access-date=June 4, 2020 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref> Wakachepeska chomene chiŵelengero cha [[United States Refugee Admissions Program|ŵachimbizi awo ŵakazomerezgekanga]] kunjira mu charu, kufuma pa mphaka wa 110,000 pa chaka pambere wandanjire mu udindo kufika pa 15,000 mu 2021.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kanno-Youngs |first1=Zolan |author-link1=Zolan Kanno-Youngs |last2=Shear |first2=Michael D. |author-link2=Michael D. Shear |date=October 1, 2020 |title=Trump Virtually Cuts Off Refugees as He Unleashes a Tirade on Immigrants |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/01/us/politics/trump-refugees.html |access-date=September 30, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=November 4, 2019 |title=Donald Trump has cut refugee admissions to America to a record low |url=https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2019/11/04/donald-trump-has-cut-refugee-admissions-to-america-to-a-record-low |access-date=June 25, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Economist]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hesson |first=Ted |date=October 11, 2019 |title=Trump ending U.S. role as worldwide leader on refugees |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/11/trump-refugee-decrease-immigration-044186 |access-date=June 25, 2020 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Trump wakasazgirakoso malango ghakusuzga ŵanthu awo ŵakakhumbanga kupokera [[Kukhala kwamuyirayira mu United States|chilolezo chakukhala kwamuyirayira]] usange ŵakakhumbanga [[Public charge rule|wovwiri wa boma]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Snow |first=Anita |date=February 25, 2020 |title=Crackdown on immigrants who use public benefits takes effect |url=https://apnews.com/article/e069e5a84057752a8535b1abe5d2ba6d |access-date=June 4, 2020 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref> Chimoza mwa vilayizgo vikuru vya kampeni yake chikaŵa kuzenga [[Lupupa lwa mphaka ya Mexico na United States|lupupa pa mphaka ya United States na Mexico]];<ref name="timm">{{cite news |last=Timm |first=Jane C. |date=January 13, 2021 |title=Fact check: Mexico never paid for it. But what about Trump's other border wall promises? |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/fact-check-mexico-never-paid-it-what-about-trump-s-n1253983 |access-date=December 21, 2021 |work=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> mu nyengo yake yakwamba, United States yikazenga lupupa lwa {{convert|73|mi|km}} pa malo agho pakaŵavya lupupa ndipo yikasintha lupupa lwakale lwa {{convert|365|mi|km}}.<ref>{{cite news |last=Farley |first=Robert |date=February 16, 2021 |title=Trump's Border Wall: Where Does It Stand? |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2020/12/trumps-border-wall-where-does-it-stand/ |access-date=December 21, 2021 |work=[[FactCheck.org]]}}</ref> Mu 2018, Trump wakakana kusaina [[dango la ndalama za boma]] lililose usange likapelekanga yayi ndalama zakuzengera lupupa lwa mphaka,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Davis |first1=Julie Hirschfeld |author-link1=Julie Hirschfeld Davis |last2=Tackett |first2=Michael |author-link2=Michael Tackett |date=January 2, 2019 |title=Trump and Democrats Dig in After Talks to Reopen Government Go Nowhere |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/02/us/politics/trump-congress-shutdown.html |access-date=January 3, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> ndipo ivi vikapangiska [[Kujalika kwa boma la United States#2025|kujalika kwa boma la federal]] kwa mazuŵa 35 kufuma mu Disembala 2018 mpaka Janyuwale 2019, uko pa nyengo iyo kukaŵa kwakutali chomene mu mbiri,<ref name="Gambino">{{cite news |last1=Gambino |first1=Lauren |last2=Walters |first2=Joanna |date=January 26, 2019 |title=Trump signs bill to end $6bn shutdown and temporarily reopen government |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jan/25/shutdown-latest-news-trump-reopens-government-deal-democrats |access-date=May 31, 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> kweni pamanyuma kukajumpha na kujalika kwa boma mu 2025.<ref name="longer">{{cite news |last1=Morgan |first1=David |last2=McCaskill |first2=Nolan D. |last3=Erickson |first3=Bo |last4=Slattery |first4=Gram |date=November 13, 2025 |title=Trump signs deal to end longest US government shutdown in history |url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/us-house-vote-deal-end-longest-government-shutdown-history-2025-11-12/ |access-date=June 27, 2026 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Kujalika kwa boma kukamara wakati wazomera kupeleka ndalama ku boma kwambura kuŵikamo ndalama zakuzengera lupupa lwa mphaka.<ref name="Gambino" /> Kuti ŵagege kujalikaso kwa boma, Congress yikazomerezga dango la ndalama mu Febuluwale ilo likapeleka US$1.4 biliyoni zakuzengera vigongwe vya mphaka.<ref name="Wilkie">{{cite news |last1=Pramuk |first1=Jacob |last2=Wilkie |first2=Christina |date=February 15, 2019 |title=Trump declares national emergency to build border wall, setting up massive legal fight |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/15/trump-national-emergency-declaration-border-wall-spending-bill.html |access-date=May 31, 2020 |work=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> Pamanyuma, Trump wakapharazga [[Emergency ya charu pa mphaka ya kumwera ya United States|emergency ya charu pa mphaka ya kumwera]] kuti wasamuskire US$6.1 biliyoni ku ndalama zakuzengera lupupa lwa mphaka,<ref name="Wilkie" /> nangauli Congress yikakananga fundo iyi.<ref>{{cite news |last=Carney |first=Jordain |date=October 17, 2019 |title=Senate fails to override Trump veto over emergency declaration |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/466313-senate-fails-to-override-trumps-emergency-declaration-veto |access-date=May 31, 2020 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref> Mu Janyuwale 2017, Trump wakasaina [[Executive Order 13769|dango la boma]] ilo [[Kuletska ulendo kwa Trump|likakanizga ŵanthu ŵa mu vyaru vinkhondi na chimoza ivyo ŵanthu ŵanandi Mbasilamu]] kunjira mu United States kwa myezi yinayi, ndipo ŵanthu ŵa ku Syria ŵakakanizgika kwamuyirayira.<ref name="frontline">{{cite news |last1=Walters |first1=Joanna |last2=Helmore |first2=Edward |last3=Dehghan |first3=Saeed Kamali |author-link3=Saeed Kamali Dehghan |date=January 28, 2017 |title=US airports on frontline as Donald Trump's travel ban causes chaos and protests |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/28/airports-us-immigration-ban-muslim-countries-trump |access-date=July 19, 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="airport">{{cite news |date=January 28, 2017 |title=Protests erupt at airports nationwide over immigration action |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/protests-airports-immigration-action-president-trump/ |access-date=March 22, 2021 |work=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Dango ili likapangiska [[Viwoneskero vyakususkana na Executive Order 13769|viwoneskero vinandi]] kweniso [[Milandu ya malango yakususkana na kuletska ulendo kwa Trump|milandu yinandi ya malango]], ivyo vikapangiska [[malango ghakulekeska kugwiliskira ntchito mu charu chose]] dango ili.<ref name="frontline" /><ref name="airport" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |last2=Frosch |first2=Dan |date=February 4, 2017 |title=Federal Judge Temporarily Halts Trump Order on Immigration, Refugees |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/legal-feud-over-trump-immigration-order-turns-to-visa-revocations-1486153216 |access-date=October 3, 2021 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url-access=subscription}}</ref> [[Executive Order 13780|Dango linyake lakunozgekaso]] ilo likapelekanga vyakusankha vinyake nalo likakanizgikaso na makhoti,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Levine |first1=Dan |last2=Rosenberg |first2=Mica |date=March 15, 2017 |title=Hawaii judge halts Trump's new travel ban before it can go into effect |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-court-idUSKBN16M17N |access-date=October 3, 2021 |work=[[Reuters]] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=March 6, 2017 |title=Trump signs new travel ban directive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-39183153 |access-date=March 18, 2017 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> kweni [[International Refugee Assistance Project v. Trump|Khoti Likuru likadumura mu Juni]] kuti kuletska uku kungagwiliskirika ntchito pa ŵanthu awo ŵalije ubwezi wa "''bona fide''" na munthu panji bungwe mu United States.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/article/9c78ee01f1ab45ffba852974fb229487 |title=Trump travel ban partly reinstated; fall court arguments set |first=Mark |last=Sherman |date=June 27, 2017 |work=[[AP News]] |access-date=March 6, 2026}}</ref> Mu Seputembala, Trump wakasintha kuletska uku na [[Presidential Proclamation 9645|chilengezgo cha pulezidenti]] icho chikathandazga kuletska ulendo ku ŵanthu ŵa ku North Korea, Chad, na ŵalara ŵanyake ŵa Venezuela, kweni Iraq na Sudan vikafumiskikamo.<ref>{{cite news |last=Laughland |first=Oliver |date=September 25, 2017 |title=Trump travel ban extended to blocks on North Korea, Venezuela and Chad |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/sep/25/trump-travel-ban-extended-to-blocks-on-north-korea-and-venezuela |access-date=October 13, 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Mu Disembala 2017, Khoti Likuru likazomerezga kuti mtundu uwu wa kuletska ulendo ugwiliskirike ntchito,<ref>{{cite news |last=Hurley |first=Lawrence |date=December 4, 2017 |title=Supreme Court lets Trump's latest travel ban go into full effect |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-court-immigration/supreme-court-lets-trumps-latest-travel-ban-go-into-full-effect-idUSKBN1DY2NY |access-date=October 3, 2021 |work=[[Reuters]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> ndipo paumaliro likalikhozga mu 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wagner |first1=Meg |last2=Ries |first2=Brian |last3=Rocha |first3=Veronica |date=June 26, 2018 |title=Supreme Court upholds travel ban |url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/supreme-court-travel-ban/ |access-date=June 26, 2018 |work=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Kufuma mu 2017 mpaka 2018, boma la Trump likaŵa na [[Ndondomeko ya kupatura mbumba ya boma la Trump|ndondomeko yakupatura mbumba]], iyo yikapatula ŵana ŵakujumpha 4,400, ŵanyake ŵa myezi yinayi pera yakubabika,<ref name="tina_v">{{cite news |last=Vasquez |first=Tina |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2025/jan/17/trump-policy-family-separation-future |title=Trump's border policy tore apart many families. Nobody knows what happens to them now |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=January 17, 2025 |access-date=November 26, 2025}}</ref> ku ŵapapi ŵawo awo ŵakasamukiranga mu charu pa [[mphaka ya United States na Mexico]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Pearle |first=Lauren |date=February 5, 2019 |title=Trump administration admits thousands more migrant families may have been separated than estimated |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-administration-unsure-thousands-migrant-families-separated-originally/story?id=60797633 |access-date=May 30, 2020 |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref><ref name="Spagat">{{cite news |last=Spagat |first=Elliot |date=October 25, 2019 |title=Tally of children split at border tops 5,400 in new count |url=https://apnews.com/article/c654e652a4674cf19304a4a4ff599feb |access-date=May 30, 2020 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref> Ndondomeko iyi, iyo yindachitikepo kale,<ref name="Domonoske">{{cite news |last1=Domonoske |first1=Camila |last2=Gonzales |first2=Richard |date=June 19, 2018 |title=What We Know: Family Separation And 'Zero Tolerance' At The Border |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/06/19/621065383/what-we-know-family-separation-and-zero-tolerance-at-the-border |access-date=May 30, 2020 |work=[[NPR News]]}}</ref> yikakwiyiska chomene ŵanthu mu charu chose.<ref>{{cite news |last=Epstein |first=Jennifer |date=June 18, 2018 |title=Donald Trump's family separations bedevil GOP as public outrage grows |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/north-america/donald-trump-s-family-separations-bedevil-gop-as-public-outrage-grows-20180618-p4zm9h.html |access-date=May 30, 2020 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |via=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref> Nangauli pakwamba Trump wakapasa [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] mulandu<ref>{{cite news |last=Sarlin |first=Benjy |date=June 15, 2018 |title=Despite claims, GOP immigration bill would not end family separation, experts say |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/immigration-border-crisis/despite-claims-gop-immigration-bill-would-not-end-family-separation-n883701 |access-date=June 18, 2018 |work=[[NBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Davis |first1=Julie Hirschfeld |author-link1=Julie Hirschfeld Davis |last2=Nixon |first2=Ron |author-link2=Ron Nixon |date=May 29, 2018 |title=Trump Officials, Moving to Break Up Migrant Families, Blame Democrats |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/29/us/politics/trump-democrats-immigrant-families.html |access-date=December 29, 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> ndipo wakati wangalekeska yayi ndondomeko iyi kwizira mu dango la boma, pamanyuma wakazomera chifukwa cha kukakamizgika na ŵanthu mu Juni 2018 ndipo wakalangura kuti mbumba za ŵanthu awo ŵakanjira mu charu mwambura kuzomerezgeka zisungikenge pamoza, kwambura usange "palipo chakofya" ku mwana.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Beckwith |first=Ryan Teague |date=June 20, 2018 |title=Here's What President Trump's Immigration Order Actually Does |url=https://time.com/5317703/trump-family-separation-policy-executive-order/ |access-date=May 30, 2020 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Shear |first1=Michael D. |author-link1=Michael D. Shear |last2=Goodnough |first2=Abby |last3=Haberman |first3=Maggie |author-link3=Maggie Haberman |date=June 20, 2018 |title=Trump Retreats on Separating Families, but Thousands May Remain Apart |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/20/us/politics/trump-immigration-children-executive-order.html |access-date=June 20, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Pamanyuma mweruzgi wakalangura kuti mbumba izi ziwezgeraneso pamoza ndipo kupatura ŵana kulekeke, kupatulapo pa nyengo zakuchepa waka,<ref>{{cite news |last=Hansler |first=Jennifer |date=June 27, 2018 |title=Judge says government does a better job of tracking 'personal property' than separated kids |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/27/politics/family-separation-federal-judge-personal-property-comment/ |access-date=May 30, 2020 |work=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Walters |first=Joanna |date=June 27, 2018 |title=Judge orders US to reunite families separated at border within 30 days |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jun/27/us-immigration-must-reunite-families-separated-at-border-federal-judge-rules |access-date=May 30, 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> nangauli ŵana ŵakujumpha 1,000 ŵakapaturikaso na mbumba zawo pamanyuma pa dango ili.<ref name="Spagat" /> Kufika mu Epulero 2024, ŵana 1,360 ŵakaŵa ŵandamanyikwe usange ŵakaweleraso ku mbumba zawo.<ref name="tina_v"/> === Ndondomeko ya vyaru vinyake === {{main|[[Ndondomeko ya vyaru vinyake ya boma lakwamba la Trump|Ndondomeko ya vyaru vinyake ya boma lakwamba la Trump]]|[[Misonkho ya katundu mu boma lakwamba la Trump|Misonkho ya katundu mu boma lakwamba la Trump]]}} {{further|[[Ubwezi pakati pa Russia na United States#Boma lakwamba la Trump (2017–2021)|Ubwezi pakati pa Russia na United States]]|[[Ubwezi pakati pa China na United States#Boma lakwamba la Trump (2017–2021)|Ubwezi pakati pa China na United States]]|[[Suzgo la North Korea la 2017–2018|Suzgo la North Korea la 2017–2018]]|[[Ndondomeko ya mtende pakati pa Korea ya 2018–19|Ndondomeko ya mtende pakati pa Korea ya 2018–19]]}} [[File:-G7Biarritz (48616362963).jpg|thumb|alt=A group of seven men and one woman, sitting at a round conference table. Trump wears a dark blue suit, white dress shirt, and light blue necktie. A small sign reading "G7 France Biarritz 2019" hangs on the wall behind them.|Ŵalongozgi ŵa [[Gulu la Seven|G7]] pa [[Msonkhano wa 45 wa G7|msonkhano wa 45]] ku France, 2019]] Trump wakujichema kuti ni "wakutemwa charu chake"<ref>{{cite news |first=William |last=Cummings |title='I am a nationalist': Trump's embrace of controversial label sparks uproar |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/10/24/trump-says-hes-nationalist-what-means-why-its-controversial/1748521002/ |work=[[USA Today]] |date=October 24, 2018 |access-date=August 24, 2021}}</ref> ndipo ndondomeko yake ya vyaru vinyake yikaŵa yakuti "[[America First|America Yakwamba]]".<ref name=Bennhold>{{cite news |first=Katrin |last=Bennhold |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/06/world/europe/germany-troop-withdrawal-america.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Has 'America First' Become 'Trump First'? Germans Wonder |date=June 6, 2020 |access-date=August 24, 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Wakakhozgera maboma gha [[populism|populist]], [[neo-nationalism|neo-nationalist]], na ghaulamuliro wa nkhongono.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2018/10/can-us-democracy-policy-survive-trump?lang=en |title=Can U.S. Democracy Policy Survive Trump? |last1=Carothers |first1=Thomas |author-link1=Thomas Carothers |last2=Brown |first2=Frances Z. |date=October 1, 2018 |website=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] |access-date=October 19, 2019}}</ref> Pa nyengo ya ulamuliro wake, ubwezi wa vyaru vinyake ukaŵa wakusuzga chifukwa cha kusinthasintha, kuleka kumanyikwa ivyo vingachitika, na kuleka kukhazikika.<ref name="Bennhold" />{{sfn|McGurk|2020}} Ubwezi pakati pa United States na ŵabwezi ŵake ŵa ku Europe ukasuzgikira chomene mu nyengo ya Trump.<ref>{{cite news |first=Ana |last=Swanson |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/business/economy/trump-european-union-trade.html |title=Trump Administration Escalates Tensions With Europe as Crisis Looms |date=March 12, 2020 |access-date=October 4, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Wakasoŵeska [[Maboma gha mu NATO|ŵabwezi ŵa NATO]] ndipo mwakubisika wakayowoya kuti United States yikwenera [[Kufuma mu NATO#United States|kufuma mu NATO]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Baker (journalist) |date=May 26, 2017 |access-date=October 4, 2021 |title=Trump Says NATO Allies Don't Pay Their Share. Is That True? |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/world/europe/nato-trump-spending.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Barnes |first1=Julian E. |last2=Cooper |first2=Helene |author-link2=Helene Cooper |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/14/us/politics/nato-president-trump.html |title=Trump Discussed Pulling U.S. From NATO, Aides Say Amid New Concerns Over Russia |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 14, 2019 |access-date=April 5, 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Trump wakakhozgera ndondomeko zinandi za nduna yikuru ya Israel [[Benjamin Netanyahu]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Sommer |first=Allison Kaplan |date=July 25, 2019 |title=How Trump and Netanyahu Became Each Other's Most Effective Political Weapon |work=[[Haaretz]] |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2019-07-25/ty-article/.premium/how-trump-and-netanyahu-became-each-others-most-effective-political-weapon/0000017f-f22d-d497-a1ff-f2ad5c310000 |access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref> Mu 2020, Trump wakalongozga mwambo wakusaina [[Abraham Accords]] pakati pa Israel na [[United Arab Emirates]] kweniso [[Bahrain]] kuti ŵanozge ubwezi wawo wa vyaru vinyake.<ref>{{cite news |last=Crowley |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Crowley (journalist) |date=September 15, 2020 |title=Israel, U.A.E. and Bahrain Sign Accords, With an Eager Trump Playing Host |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/15/us/politics/trump-israel-peace-emirates-bahrain.html |access-date=February 9, 2024 |url-access=limited}}</ref> [[File:President Trump & the First Lady's Trip to Europe (42547210635).jpg|thumb|Trump wakukorana mawoko na pulezidenti wa Russia [[Vladimir Putin]] pa [[Msonkhano wa Russia–United States wa 2018|msonkhano wa 2018]] ku Helsinki, Finland]] Mu 2018, Trump wakamba [[Nkhondo ya malonda pakati pa China na United States|nkhondo ya malonda na China]] pamanyuma pakukhazikiska misonkho ya katundu na vinyake vyakukangira malonda, ivyo wakati vikachichizgenge China kuti yimazge maluso ghake gha nyengo yitali gha malonda ghambura urunji kweniso [[Milandu ya kuba vinjeru vya umanyi na China|kuba wanangwa wa vinjeru vya umanyi]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Swanson |first=Ana |date=July 5, 2018 |title=Trump's Trade War With China Is Officially Underway |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/05/business/china-us-trade-war-trump-tariffs.html |access-date=May 26, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Trump wakafoka chilango chikuru chomene icho United States yikakhazikiska pa Russia pamanyuma pa [[Kupoka kwa Russia chigaŵa cha Crimea mu 2014]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Zengerle |first=Patricia |date=January 16, 2019 |title=Bid to keep U.S. sanctions on Russia's Rusal fails in Senate |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-russia-sanctions/bid-to-keep-u-s-sanctions-on-russias-rusal-fails-in-senate-idUSKCN1PA2JB |access-date=October 5, 2021 |work=[[Reuters]] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Whalen |first=Jeanne |date=January 15, 2019 |title=In rare rebuke of Trump administration, some GOP lawmakers advance measure to oppose lifting Russian sanctions |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/01/16/rare-rebuke-trump-administration-some-gop-lawmakers-advance-measure-oppose-lifting-russian-sanctions/ |access-date=October 5, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Trump wakalumbanga pulezidenti wa Russia [[Vladimir Putin]] ndipo, kuyana na ŵakususka ŵanyake, wakamususkanga nyengo zichoko waka,<ref>{{cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Baker (journalist) |date=August 10, 2017 |title=Trump Praises Putin Instead of Critiquing Cuts to U.S. Embassy Staff |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/10/world/europe/putin-trump-embassy-russia.html |access-date=June 7, 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Nussbaum |first=Matthew |date=April 8, 2018 |title=Trump blames Putin for backing 'Animal Assad' |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/04/08/trump-putin-syria-attack-508223 |access-date=October 5, 2021 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> nangauli wakasuskanga vinyake ivyo boma la Russia likachitanga.<ref>{{cite news |date=December 21, 2019 |title=Nord Stream 2: Trump approves sanctions on Russia gas pipeline |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50875935 |access-date=October 5, 2021 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Wakafumiska United States mu [[Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty]], wakati Russia yikapulikanga yayi ivyo yikazomera,<ref>{{cite news |last=Bugos |first=Shannon |date=September 2019 |title=U.S. Completes INF Treaty Withdrawal |url=https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2019-09/news/us-completes-inf-treaty-withdrawal |access-date=October 5, 2021 |website=[[Arms Control Association]]}}</ref> ndipo wakakhozgera kuti Russia yiwezgekeso mu [[G7]].<ref name="G8">{{cite news |last=Panetta |first=Grace |date=June 14, 2018 |title=Trump reportedly claimed to leaders at the G7 that Crimea is part of Russia because everyone there speaks Russian |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-claims-crimea-is-part-of-russia-since-people-speak-russian-g7-summit-2018-6 |access-date=February 13, 2020 |work=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref> Apo [[Vilwero vya nyukiliya vya North Korea]] vikawonekanga kuti ni suzgo likuru,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Adam |last2=Meko |first2=Tim |date=December 21, 2017 |title=What made North Korea's weapons programs so much scarier in 2017 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/12/21/what-made-north-koreas-weapons-programs-so-much-scarier-in-2017/ |access-date=July 5, 2019 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Trump wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba wa United States uyo wakaŵa pa udindo kukumana na mulongozgi wa North Korea, ndipo wakakumana na [[Kim Jong Un]] katatu pakati pa Juni 2018 na Juni 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |author-link1=Peter Baker (journalist) |last2=Crowley |first2=Michael |author-link2=Michael Crowley (journalist) |date=June 30, 2019 |title=Trump Steps Into North Korea and Agrees With Kim Jong-un to Resume Talks |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/30/world/asia/trump-north-korea-dmz.html |access-date=October 5, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Kudumbiskana pa [[Kumazga vilwero vya nyukiliya vya North Korea]] kukamara kwambura kupulikana mu Okutobala 2019, ndipo pakaŵavya phangano ilo likafikika.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sanger |first1=David E. |author-link1=David E. Sanger |last2=Sang-Hun |first2=Choe |author-link2=Choe Sang-hun |date=June 12, 2020 |title=Two Years After Trump-Kim Meeting, Little to Show for Personal Diplomacy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/12/world/asia/korea-nuclear-trump-kim.html |access-date=October 5, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Tanner |first1=Jari |last2=Lee |first2=Matthew |author-link2=Matt Lee (journalist) |date=October 5, 2019 |title=North Korea Says Nuclear Talks Break Down While U.S. Says They Were 'Good' |url=https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-us-news-ap-top-news-north-korea-vietnam-c66474b67b3e41cdad6d21ba3385ddc2 |access-date=July 21, 2021 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref> === Ŵanthu ŵakusankhika pa maudindo === {{main|[[Ŵanthu ŵakusankhika pa maudindo gha ndyali mu boma lakwamba la Trump|Ŵanthu ŵakusankhika pa maudindo gha ndyali mu boma lakwamba la Trump]]|[[Kabineti yakwamba ya Donald Trump|Kabineti yakwamba ya Donald Trump]]}} {{further|[[Kulemba ntchito mu boma na ŵantchito ŵa Donald Trump|Kulemba ntchito mu boma na ŵantchito ŵa Donald Trump]]}} Pakufikaumaliro wa chaka chakwamba cha Trump pa udindo, ŵantchito 34&nbsp;pa 100 ŵa gulu lake lakwamba ŵakafumapo ntchito, ŵakachimbizgika panji ŵakasinthira ku maudindo ghanyake.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2017-12-28/trumps-white-house-has-highest-turnover-rate-in-40-years |title=Trump White House Has Highest Turnover in 40 Years |last=Trimble |first=Megan |date=December 28, 2017 |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |access-date=March 16, 2018}}</ref> Pakufika Julayi 2018, ŵakovwira ŵake ŵalara 61&nbsp;pa 100 ŵakafumapo,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/395222-ap-trump-admin-sets-record-for-white-house-turnover |title=AP: Trump admin sets record for White House turnover |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=July 2, 2018 |access-date=July 3, 2018 |last=Wise |first=Justin}}</ref> ndipo ŵantchito 141 ŵakafumapo mu chaka chamara.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Zeke |last2=Bridis |first2=Ted |url=https://apnews.com/article/9188152a050f4d57ad543954d011a668 |title=Trump White House sets turnover records |work=[[AP News]] |date=July 2, 2018 |access-date=March 9, 2026}}</ref> Manambala ghose agha ghakaŵa ghapachanya chomene kuluska gha mapulezidenti ŵanyake ŵasonosono.<ref name="Keith">{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/03/07/591372397/white-house-staff-turnover-was-already-record-setting-then-more-advisers-left |title=White House Staff Turnover Was Already Record-Setting. Then More Advisers Left |last=Keith |first=Tamara |author-link=Tamara Keith |work=[[NPR News]] |date=March 7, 2018 |access-date=March 16, 2018}}</ref> Ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakaŵa ŵakovwira ŵake ŵapafupi ŵakaleka kumuteŵetera panji ŵakachichizgika kufumapo.<ref name=Brookings>{{cite news |first1=Kathryn Dunn |last1=Tenpas |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/tracking-turnover-in-the-trump-administration/ |title=Tracking Turnover in the Trump Administration |date=March 16, 2018 |website=[[Brookings Institution]] |access-date=March 16, 2018}}</ref> Trump wakayowoyanga mwaukazuzi pa ŵanyake mwa ŵalara ŵake ŵakale.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cillizza |first=Chris |author-link=Chris Cillizza |title=Donald Trump makes terrible hires, according to Donald Trump |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/19/politics/trump-mulvaney-bolton-hiring/ |access-date=June 24, 2020 |work=[[CNN]] |date=June 19, 2020}}</ref> Trump wakaŵa na [[Mulara wa ŵantchito ŵa White House|ŵalara ŵanayi ŵa ŵantchito ŵa White House]], ndipo wakapatura panji kufumiska ŵanyake.<ref name=Keither>{{cite news |last=Keith |first=Tamara |author-link=Tamara Keith |date=March 6, 2020 |access-date=October 5, 2021 |title=Mick Mulvaney Out, Mark Meadows in As White House Chief Of Staff |work=[[NPR News]] |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/03/06/766025774/mick-mulvaney-out-as-white-house-chief-of-staff}}</ref> Mu Meyi 2017, wakachimbizga [[Kuchimbizgika kwa James Comey|mulongozgi wa Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), James Comey]], ndipo mazuŵa ghachoko pamanyuma wakati wakafipanga mtima chifukwa cha mulimo wa Comey mu kufufuza vya Trump na Russia.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Stanek |first=Becca |date=May 11, 2017 |title=President Trump just completely contradicted the official White House account of the Comey firing |magazine=[[The Week]] |url=https://theweek.com/speedreads/698368/president-trump-just-completely-contradicted-official-white-house-account-comey-firing |access-date=May 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Schmidt |first1=Michael S. |author-link1=Michael S. Schmidt |last2=Apuzzo |first2=Matt |author-link2=Matt Apuzzo |date=June 7, 2017 |title=Comey Says Trump Pressured Him to 'Lift the Cloud' of Inquiry |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/07/us/politics/james-comey-statement-testimony.html |access-date=November 2, 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Pa ŵalara 15 ŵa kabineti yake yakwamba, ŵatatu ŵakafumapo panji ŵakachichizgika kuleka ntchito mukati mwa chaka chakwamba.<ref name="538 Cabinet">{{cite news |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-incredibly-and-historically-unstable-first-year-of-trumps-cabinet/ |title=The Incredibly And Historically Unstable First Year Of Trump's Cabinet |last=Jones-Rooy |first=Andrea |date=November 29, 2017 |work=[[FiveThirtyEight]] |access-date=March 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129123144/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-incredibly-and-historically-unstable-first-year-of-trumps-cabinet/ |archive-date=November 29, 2017}}</ref><ref name=Brookings/> Trump wakachedwanga kusora ŵantchito ŵa maudindo ghachoko mu nthambi ya boma, pakuti wakati maudindo ghanandi ghakaŵa ghambura kukhumbikwa. Mu Okutobala 2017, pakaŵa maudindo ghanandi gha pasi pa kabineti agho ghakaŵavya munthu wakusankhika.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2017/10/12/557122200/trump-leaves-top-administration-positions-unfilled-says-hollow-government-by-des |title=Trump Leaves Top Administration Positions Unfilled, Says Hollow Government By Design |last=Keith |first=Tamara |author-link=Tamara Keith |date=October 12, 2017 |work=[[NPR News]] |access-date=March 16, 2018}}</ref> Pakufika Janyuwale&nbsp;8, 2019, pa maudindo ghakuzirwa 706, 433 ghakaŵa ghazuzgika ndipo pakaŵavya munthu wakusankhika pa maudindo 264.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=January 8, 2019 |access-date=October 6, 2021 |title=Tracking how many key positions Trump has filled so far |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-administration-appointee-tracker/database/ |url-access=limited}}</ref> === Vyeruzgo === {{further|[[Mndandanda wa ŵeruzgi ŵa boma ŵakusankhika na Donald Trump|Mndandanda wa ŵeruzgi ŵa boma ŵakusankhika na Donald Trump]]|[[Mikangano pa kusankha ŵeruzgi na Donald Trump|Mikangano pa kusankha ŵeruzgi na Donald Trump]]}} Trump wakasora [[Weruzgi wa boma wa United States|ŵeruzgi ŵa boma]] 234, kusazgapo 54 ku [[Makhoti gha apilu gha United States|makhoti gha apilu]] na [[Ŵakusankhika ŵa Khoti Likuru na Donald Trump|ŵatatu]] ku [[Khoti Likuru la United States]], awo mba [[Neil Gorsuch]], [[Brett Kavanaugh]], na [[Amy Coney Barrett]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Gramlich |first=John |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/01/13/how-trump-compares-with-other-recent-presidents-in-appointing-federal-judges/ |title=How Trump compares with other recent presidents in appointing federal judges |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |date=January 13, 2021 |access-date=May 30, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/2025-01/apptsbypres.pdf |title=Judgeship Appointments by President |work=United States Courts |access-date=January 16, 2026}}</ref> ndipo kusankha uku kukapangiska Khoti Likuru kutolera maghanoghano gha ku woko lamalyero.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Politico]] |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/09/26/trump-legacy-supreme-court-422058 |title=Trump's legacy is now the Supreme Court |first=Anita |last=Kumar |date=September 26, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[Voice of America]] |title=Trump's Lasting Legacy: Conservative Supermajority on Supreme Court |first=Masood |last=Farivar |date=December 24, 2020 |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/usa_trumps-lasting-legacy-conservative-supermajority-supreme-court/6199935.html |access-date=December 21, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Nine Black Robes: Inside the Supreme Court's Drive to the Right and Its Historic Consequences |first=Joan |last=Biskupic |author-link=Joan Biskupic |url=https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2023/06/02/nine-black-robes-supreme-court |date=June 2, 2023 |work=[[WBUR-FM]] |access-date=December 21, 2023}}</ref> Mu kampeni ya chisola cha 2016, wakalayizga kuti ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'' "yizamumazgika yekhayekha" usange wangasankhika na kusanga mwaŵi wakusora ŵeruzgi ŵaŵiri panji ŵatatu awo ŵakususkana na nthumbo. Pamanyuma wakajilumba chifukwa chakuti ''Roe'' yikamazgika na mulandu wa ''[[Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization]]'' mu 2022; ŵeruzgi ŵake ŵose ŵatatu ŵa Khoti Likuru ŵakavotera limoza na ŵanandi.<ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=[[The Week]] |title=Trump takes credit for Dobbs decision but worries it 'won't help him in the future' |first=Grayson |last=Quay |date=June 25, 2022 |url=https://theweek.com/donald-trump/1014657/trump-takes-credit-for-dobbs-decision-but-worries-it-wont-help-him-in-the |access-date=October 2, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[NBC News]] |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-was-able-kill-roe-v-wade-rcna84897 |first=Sahil |last=Kapur |title=Trump: 'I was able to kill Roe v. Wade' |date=May 17, 2023 |access-date=December 21, 2023}}</ref> Trump wakasuskanga makhoti na ŵeruzgi awo wakasanganga nawo maghanoghano ghakupambana, kanandi mwakukhwaska munthu yekha, ndipo wakakayikiranga mazaza gha makhoti agho ghali mu Dango Likuru. Kuwukira kwake makhoti kukasuskika na ŵanthu ŵanandi, kusazgapo ŵeruzgi ŵa boma awo ŵakaŵa pa udindo, awo ŵakafipanga mtima na umo mazgu ghake ghakakhwaskiranga [[kujiyimira paŵekha kwa vyeruzgo]] na kugomezgeka kwa makhoti na ŵanthu.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Abby |last1=Phillip |author-link1=Abby Phillip |first2=Robert |last2=Barnes |first3=Ed |last3=O'Keefe |author-link3=Ed O'Keefe |title=Supreme Court nominee Gorsuch says Trump's attacks on judiciary are 'demoralizing' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/supreme-court-nominee-gorsuch-says-trumps-attacks-on-judiciary-are-demoralizing/2017/02/08/64e03fe2-ee3f-11e6-9662-6eedf1627882_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 8, 2017 |access-date=October 6, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Katie |last=Shepherd |title=Trump 'violates all recognized democratic norms,' federal judge says in biting speech on judicial independence |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/11/08/judge-says-trump-violates-democratic-norms-judiciary-speech/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 8, 2019 |access-date=October 6, 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref> === Mliri wa COVID-19 === {{main|COVID-19 pandemic in the United States}} {{further|U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic|Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic}} {{see also|Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States}} [[File:White House Press Briefing (49666120807).jpg|thumb|Kuchita ungano wa atolankhani wa COVID-19 pamoza na ŵanthu ŵa mu [[White House Coronavirus Task Force]] pa March&nbsp;15, 2020|alt=Trump wakuyowoya mu chipinda cha ungano wa atolankhani cha West Wing pamoza na ŵalaraŵalara ŵakupambanapambana awo ŵimilira kumanyuma kwake, wose ŵavwara vyakuvwara vya boma ndipo ŵalije visalu vya kumaso]] Pamanyuma pakuleka kupulikira machenjezgo gha umoyo wa ŵanthu kweniso malurombo gha ŵantchito ŵa vyaumoyo awo ŵakagwiranga nayo ntchito kwa masabata ghanandi,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-04-19/coronavirus-outbreak-president-trump-slow-response |title=How Trump let the U.S. fall behind the curve on coronavirus threat |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=April 19, 2020 |access-date=November 27, 2024 |first1=David S. |last1=Cloud |first2=Paul |last2=Pringle |author-link2=Paul Pringle |first3=Eli |last3=Stokols |author-link3=Eli Stokols}}</ref> Trump wakakhazikiska [[White House Coronavirus Task Force]] kuumaliro wa January.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/coronavirus-outbreak-task-force-created-by-trump-to-lead-us-government-response-to-wuhan-virus/ |title=Trump creates task force to lead U.S. coronavirus response |work=[[CBS News]] |date=January 30, 2020 |access-date=October 10, 2020}}</ref> Mu March, wakasayina dango la [[CARES Act]]—ndondomeko ya ndalama zakukhozga chuma ya US$2.2&nbsp;trillion yakovwirika na vipani vyose viŵiri—iyo yikaŵa yikuru chomene pa mbiri ya United States.<ref name="NY Times stimulus united senate">{{cite news |last1=Hulse |first1=Carl |author-link1=Carl Hulse |last2=Cochrane |first2=Emily |title=As Coronavirus Spread, Largest Stimulus in History United a Polarized Senate |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/us/coronavirus-senate-stimulus-package.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 26, 2020 |access-date=November 27, 2024 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="AP Trump signs 2.2">{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Andrew |last2=Fram |first2=Alan |last3=Kellman |first3=Laurie |last4=Superville |first4=Darlene |title=Trump signs $2.2T stimulus after swift congressional votes |url=https://apnews.com/2099a53bb8adf2def7ee7329ea322f9d |work=[[AP News]] |date=March 28, 2020 |access-date=November 27, 2024}}</ref> Pamanyuma pa masabata ghanandi gha kuwukira ŵanyake kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kuwona umo wakachedwera kuzgora mliri uwu, Trump wakalekeska ndalama zakovwira [[World Health Organization]] mu April.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ollstein |first=Alice Miranda |title=Trump halts funding to World Health Organization |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/04/14/trump-world-health-organization-funding-186786 |access-date=September 7, 2020 |work=[[Politico]] |date=April 14, 2020}}</ref> Wakachiska ŵanthu ŵa ku chigaŵa cha ndyali cha kumanjiliro kuchita [[COVID-19 protests in the United States|viwonetsero vyakususkana na ndondomeko za kusungilira mtunda pakati pa ŵanthu]] mu vyaru ivyo vikaŵa na malango gha kukhala pa nyumba,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shear |first1=Michael D. |author-link1=Michael D. Shear |last2=Mervosh |first2=Sarah |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/17/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-governors.html |title=Trump Encourages Protest Against Governors Who Have Imposed Virus Restrictions |date=April 17, 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=April 19, 2020}}</ref> ndipo kanandi waka wakakakamizga mabungwe gha boma agho ghakawoneleranga vyaumoyo kuti ghachite ivyo iyo wakakhumbanga,<ref name="CNN-testing-pressure">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/26/politics/cdc-coronavirus-testing-guidance/ |title=CDC was pressured 'from the top down' to change coronavirus testing guidance, official says |date=August 26, 2020 |work=[[CNN]] |first1=Nick |last1=Valencia |first2=Sara |last2=Murray |author-link2=Sara Murray (journalist) |first3=Kristen |last3=Holmes |access-date=August 26, 2020}}</ref> nga nkhuvomerezga munkhwala uwo undaŵe ukulongora kuti ngwakovwira.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/06/15/hydroxychloroquine-authorization-revoked-coronavirus/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=June 15, 2020 |access-date=October 7, 2021 |title=FDA pulls emergency approval for antimalarial drugs touted by Trump as covid-19 treatment |first1=Laurie |last1=McGinley |first2=Carolyn Y. |last2=Johnson |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name=pressed>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/12/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-treatment-vaccine.html |title=Trump Pressed for Plasma Therapy. Officials Worry, Is an Unvetted Vaccine Next? |date=September 12, 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Sharon |last1=LaFraniere |author-link1=Sharon LaFraniere |first2=Noah |last2=Weiland |first3=Michael D. |last3=Shear |author-link3=Michael D. Shear |access-date=September 13, 2020 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mu October, Trump [[White House COVID-19 outbreak#Presidential hospitalization and early release|wakagonekeka muchipatala kwa mazuŵa ghatatu]] chifukwa cha matenda ghakuru gha [[COVID-19]], apo gulu lake la ŵadokotala likachepeskanga ukuru wa matenda ghake.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Weiland |first1=Noah |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |author-link2=Maggie Haberman |last3=Mazzetti |first3=Mark |author-link3=Mark Mazzetti |last4=Karni |first4=Annie |author-link4=Annie Karni |date=February 11, 2021 |title=Trump Was Sicker Than Acknowledged With Covid-19 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/11/us/politics/trump-coronavirus.html |access-date=February 16, 2021}}</ref> === Kufufuzika === {{further|Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Mueller special counsel investigation|Mueller report}} Pamanyuma pakuti wanjira mu udindo, Trump wakaŵa wakufufuzika chomene na [[United States Department of Justice|Dipatimenti ya Chilungamo]] kweniso Congress, ndipo kufufuza kukakhwaskanga kampeni yake ya chisankho, nyengo ya kusintha boma, mwambo wa kunjira mu udindo, ivyo wakachitanga apo wakaŵa pulezidenti, [[The Trump Organization|mabizinesi ghake], msonkho wake, kweniso [[Donald J. Trump Foundation|wupu wake wakuchitira vya wovwiri]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Woodward |first1=Calvin |last2=Pace |first2=Julie |date=December 16, 2018 |title=Scope of investigations into Trump has shaped his presidency |url=https://apnews.com/article/6d6361fdf19846cb9eb020d9c6fbfa5a |access-date=December 19, 2018 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref> Pakaŵa kufufuza kwa milandu 10 ya boma la federal, kufufuza 8 kwa maboma na kwa malo, kweniso kufufuza 12 kwa Congress.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Buchanan |first1=Larry |last2=Yourish |first2=Karen |date=September 25, 2019 |title=Tracking 30 Investigations Related to Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/13/us/politics/trump-investigations.html |access-date=October 4, 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mu July 2016, [[FBI]] yikamba [[Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)|Crossfire Hurricane]], kufufuza vyakukhwaskana na kukolerana pakati pa Russia na kampeni ya Trump ya chisankho cha 2016.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Apuzzo |first1=Matt |author-link=Matt Apuzzo |last2=Goldman |first2=Adam |author-link2=Adam Goldman |last3=Fandos |first3=Nicholas |date=May 16, 2018 |title=Code Name Crossfire Hurricane: The Secret Origins of the Trump Investigation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/16/us/politics/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-fbi-mueller-investigation.html |url-access=limited |access-date=December 21, 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Trump wakati wafumiska Comey mu May 2017, FBI yikajura kufufuza kwachiŵiri pa vyamalonda vyake kweniso [[Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia|mabizinesi ghake ku Russia]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Dilanian |first=Ken |date=September 7, 2020 |title=FBI agent who helped launch Russia investigation says Trump was 'compromised' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/fbi-agent-who-helped-launch-russia-investigation-says-trump-was-n1239442 |access-date=December 21, 2023 |work=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> Mu January 2017, mabungwe ghatatu gha vyaumanyi gha United States ghakati mwakugomezgeka chomene kuti [[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|Russia yikanjilirapo mu chisankho cha pulezidenti cha 2016]] kuti yiwovwire Trump.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rosenberg |first=Matthew |author-link=Matthew Rosenberg |date=July 6, 2017 |title=Trump Misleads on Russian Meddling: Why 17 Intelligence Agencies Don't Need to Agree |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/06/us/politics/trump-russia-intelligence-agencies-cia-fbi-nsa.html |access-date=October 7, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Sanger |first=David E. |author-link=David E. Sanger |date=January 6, 2017 |title=Putin Ordered 'Influence Campaign' Aimed at U.S. Election, Report Says |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/06/us/politics/russia-hack-report.html |access-date=October 4, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Pamanyuma pake, Crossfire Hurricane yikasamukira ku [[Robert Mueller]] [[Mueller special counsel investigation|kufufuza kwa mulara wapadera]];<ref>{{cite news |last=Pearson |first=Nick |date=May 17, 2018 |title=Crossfire Hurricane: Trump Russia investigation started with Alexander Downer interview |url=https://www.9news.com.au/world/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-investigation-started-with-alexander-downer-interview/16121e23-bdfc-4f32-9822-e4a7f841e3e4 |access-date=December 21, 2023 |work=[[Nine News]]}}</ref> kufufuza kwa ubwezi wa Trump na Russia kukamara apo Muteŵeti wa Attorney General [[Rod Rosenstein]] wakaphalira FBI kuti Mueller ndiyo wafufuzgenge nkhani iyi.<ref name="never">{{cite news |last=Schmidt |first=Michael S. |author-link=Michael S. Schmidt |date=August 30, 2020 |title=Justice Dept. Never Fully Examined Trump's Ties to Russia, Ex-Officials Say |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/30/us/politics/trump-russia-justice-department.html |url-access=limited |access-date=October 8, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=May 27, 2020 |title=Rosenstein to testify in Senate on Trump-Russia probe |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-rosenstein-idUSKBN23330H |access-date=October 19, 2021 |work=[[Reuters]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Pa pempho la Rosenstein, kufufuza kwa Mueller kukafufuza milandu "yakukhwaskana na kunjilirapo kwa Russia mu chisankho cha 2016".<ref name="never" /> [[Mueller report|Lipoti laumaliro la Mueller]] mu March 2019<ref>{{cite news |last=Breuninger |first=Kevin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=Mueller probe ends: Special counsel submits Russia report to Attorney General William Barr |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/22/robert-mueller-submits-special-counsels-russia-probe-report-to-attorney-general-william-barr.html |access-date=March 22, 2019 |work=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> likasanga kuti Russia yikanjilirapo mu chisankho cha 2016 kuti yiwovwire Trump,<ref>{{cite news |date=January 16, 2012 |title=Main points of Mueller report |url=https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/main-points-mueller-report-doc-1fr5vv1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420143436/https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/main-points-mueller-report-doc-1fr5vv1 |archive-date=April 20, 2019 |access-date=April 20, 2019 |work=[[Agence France-Presse]]}}</ref> ndipo Trump na kampeni yake ŵakazomera na kuchiska kuyezgayezga uku,<ref>{{cite news |last=Mazzetti |first=Mark |author-link=Mark Mazzetti |date=July 24, 2019 |title=Mueller Warns of Russian Sabotage and Rejects Trump's 'Witch Hunt' Claims |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/24/us/politics/trump-mueller-testimony.html |access-date=March 4, 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=May 30, 2019 |title=Trump briefly acknowledges that Russia aided his election – and falsely says he didn't help the effort |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/30/trump-briefly-acknowledges-that-russia-aided-his-election-falsely-says-he-didnt-help-effort/ |access-date=March 5, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Polantz |first1=Katelyn |last2=Kaufman |first2=Ellie |last3=Murray |first3=Sara |date=June 19, 2020 |title=Mueller raised possibility Trump lied to him, newly unsealed report reveals |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/19/politics/mueller-report-rerelease-fewer-redactions/ |access-date=October 30, 2022 |work=[[CNN]]}}</ref> kweni ukaboni "ukalongora yayi" kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu kampeni ya Trump ŵakachita chiwembu panji kugwirana ntchito na Russia.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ostriker |first1=Rebecca |last2=Puzzanghera |first2=Jim |last3=Finucane |first3=Martin |last4=Datar |first4=Saurabh |last5=Uraizee |first5=Irfan |last6=Garvin |first6=Patrick |date=April 18, 2019 |title=What the Mueller report says about Trump and more |url=https://apps.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/graphics/2019/03/mueller-report/ |access-date=April 22, 2019 |work=[[The Boston Globe]]}}</ref><ref name="takeaways">{{cite magazine |last=Law |first=Tara |date=April 18, 2019 |title=Here Are the Biggest Takeaways From the Mueller Report |url=https://time.com/5567077/mueller-report-release/ |access-date=April 22, 2019 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> Trump wakati lipoti ili likamutozga ku mulandu uliwose nangauli Mueller wakalemba kuti likaŵa nthena yayi.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yen |first1=Hope |last2=Woodward |first2=Calvin |date=July 24, 2019 |title=AP Fact Check: Trump falsely claims Mueller exonerated him |url=https://apnews.com/article/130932b573664ea5a4d186f752bb8d50 |access-date=October 8, 2021 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref> Lipoti ili likalongosoraso ukaboni wa kukhuŵazga chilungamo uwo Trump wangachita, kweni "likafika yayi pa fundo yaumaliro",<ref>{{cite news |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |last2=Zapotosky |first2=Matt |date=April 17, 2019 |title=Mueller report lays out obstruction evidence against the president |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/attorney-general-to-provide-overview-of-mueller-report-at-news-conference-before-its-release/2019/04/17/8dcc9440-54b9-11e9-814f-e2f46684196e_story.html |access-date=April 20, 2019 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Farley |first1=Robert |last2=Robertson |first2=Lori |last3=Gore |first3=D'Angelo |last4=Spencer |first4=Saranac Hale |last5=Fichera |first5=Angelo |last6=McDonald |first6=Jessica |date=April 18, 2019 |title=What the Mueller Report Says About Obstruction |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2019/04/what-the-mueller-report-says-about-obstruction/ |access-date=April 22, 2019 |work=[[FactCheck.org]]}}</ref> ndipo likaleka Congress ndiyo yisankhe usange pakwenera kupeleka milandu.<ref name="LM">{{cite news |last=Mascaro |first=Lisa |date=April 18, 2019 |title=Mueller drops obstruction dilemma on Congress |url=https://apnews.com/article/35829a2b010248f193d1efd00c4de7e5 |access-date=April 20, 2019 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref> === Ndondomeko ya vyaru vinyake === {{main|Ndondomeko ya vyaru vinyake ya boma lakwamba la Trump|Misonkho ya katundu (tariffs) mu boma lakwamba la Trump}} {{further|Ubwezi wa Russia na United States#Boma lakwamba la Trump (2017–2021)|Ubwezi wa China na United States#Boma lakwamba la Trump (2017–2021)|Suzgo la North Korea la nyukiliya la 2017–2018|Ndondomeko ya mtende wa Korea ya 2018–19}} [[File:-G7Biarritz (48616362963).jpg|thumb|alt=A group of seven men and one woman, sitting at a round conference table. Trump wears a dark blue suit, white dress shirt, and light blue necktie. A small sign reading "G7 France Biarritz 2019" hangs on the wall behind them.|Ŵalongozgi ŵa [[Group of Seven|G7]] pa [[45th G7 summit|msonkhano wa 45]] ku France mu 2019]] Trump wakujichema kuti ni "munthu wakutemwa charu chake"<ref>{{cite news |first=William |last=Cummings |title='I am a nationalist': Trump's embrace of controversial label sparks uproar |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/10/24/trump-says-hes-nationalist-what-means-why-its-controversial/1748521002/ |work=[[USA Today]] |date=October 24, 2018 |access-date=August 24, 2021}}</ref> ndipo ndondomeko yake ya vyaru vinyake yikachemekanga kuti "[[America First]]".<ref name=Bennhold>{{cite news |first=Katrin |last=Bennhold |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/06/world/europe/germany-troop-withdrawal-america.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Has 'America First' Become 'Trump First'? Germans Wonder |date=June 6, 2020 |access-date=August 24, 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Wakawovwira maboma gha [[populism]], [[neo-nationalism]], na maboma gha ulongozgi wa nkhongono.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2018/10/can-us-democracy-policy-survive-trump?lang=en |title=Can U.S. Democracy Policy Survive Trump? |last1=Carothers |first1=Thomas |author-link1=Thomas Carothers |last2=Brown |first2=Frances Z. |date=October 1, 2018 |website=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] |access-date=October 19, 2019}}</ref> Pa nyengo yake ya kuwusa, ubwezi wa United States na vyaru vinyake ukaŵa wakusuzga chifukwa cha kusintha-sintha kwa ndondomeko zake.<ref name="Bennhold" />{{sfn|McGurk|2020}} Ubwezi wa United States na ŵabwezi ŵake ku Europe nawo ukasuzgika.<ref>{{cite news |first=Ana |last=Swanson |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/business/economy/trump-european-union-trade.html |title=Trump Administration Escalates Tensions With Europe as Crisis Looms |date=March 12, 2020 |access-date=October 4, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Wakasozga ŵabwezi ŵa [[Member states of NATO|NATO]] ndipo mwakubisika wakayowoya kuti United States yikeneranga kufuma mu [[Withdrawal from NATO#United States|NATO]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Baker (journalist) |date=May 26, 2017 |access-date=October 4, 2021 |title=Trump Says NATO Allies Don't Pay Their Share. Is That True? |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/world/europe/nato-trump-spending.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Barnes |first1=Julian E. |last2=Cooper |first2=Helene |author-link2=Helene Cooper |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/14/us/politics/nato-president-trump.html |title=Trump Discussed Pulling U.S. From NATO, Aides Say Amid New Concerns Over Russia |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 14, 2019 |access-date=April 5, 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Trump wakawovwira ndondomeko zinandi za nduna yikuru ya Israel [[Benjamin Netanyahu]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Sommer |first=Allison Kaplan |date=July 25, 2019 |title=How Trump and Netanyahu Became Each Other's Most Effective Political Weapon |work=[[Haaretz]] |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2019-07-25/ty-article/.premium/how-trump-and-netanyahu-became-each-others-most-effective-political-weapon/0000017f-f22d-d497-a1ff-f2ad5c310000 |access-date=August 2, 2019}}</ref> Mu 2020, Trump wakalongozga mwambo wakusayinirana [[Abraham Accords]] pakati pa Israel, [[United Arab Emirates]] na [[Bahrain]] kuti ŵawovwire ubwezi wa vyaru ivi.<ref>{{cite news |last=Crowley |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Crowley (journalist) |date=September 15, 2020 |title=Israel, U.A.E. and Bahrain Sign Accords, With an Eager Trump Playing Host |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/15/us/politics/trump-israel-peace-emirates-bahrain.html |access-date=February 9, 2024 |url-access=limited}}</ref> [[File:President Trump & the First Lady's Trip to Europe (42547210635).jpg|thumb|Trump wakukorana mawoko na pulezidenti wa Russia [[Vladimir Putin]] pa [[2018 Russia–United States Summit|msonkhano wa 2018]] ku Helsinki, Finland]] Mu 2018, Trump wakambiska [[China–United States trade war|nkhondo ya malonda pakati pa China na United States]] mwa kuŵika misonkho ya katundu na mphaka zinyake za malonda, wakuti vikachitikanga kuti China yimazge nthowa zake zambura urunji pa malonda na [[Allegations of intellectual property infringement by China|kwiba vinjeru vya ŵanyake]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Swanson |first=Ana |date=July 5, 2018 |title=Trump's Trade War With China Is Officially Underway |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/05/business/china-us-trade-war-trump-tariffs.html |access-date=May 26, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Wakanangiska chilango chikuru chomene icho United States yikaŵikapo pa Russia pamanyuma pa [[2014 Russian annexation of Crimea]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Zengerle |first=Patricia |date=January 16, 2019 |title=Bid to keep U.S. sanctions on Russia's Rusal fails in Senate |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-russia-sanctions/bid-to-keep-u-s-sanctions-on-russias-rusal-fails-in-senate-idUSKCN1PA2JB |access-date=October 5, 2021 |work=[[Reuters]] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Whalen |first=Jeanne |date=January 15, 2019 |title=In rare rebuke of Trump administration, some GOP lawmakers advance measure to oppose lifting Russian sanctions |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/01/16/rare-rebuke-trump-administration-some-gop-lawmakers-advance-measure-oppose-lifting-russian-sanctions/ |access-date=October 5, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Kanandi wakalumbanga pulezidenti wa Russia [[Vladimir Putin]], ndipo ŵakususkana nayo ŵakati wakamususkanga pachoko waka,<ref>{{cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Baker (journalist) |date=August 10, 2017 |title=Trump Praises Putin Instead of Critiquing Cuts to U.S. Embassy Staff |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/10/world/europe/putin-trump-embassy-russia.html |access-date=June 7, 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Nussbaum |first=Matthew |date=April 8, 2018 |title=Trump blames Putin for backing 'Animal Assad' |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/04/08/trump-putin-syria-attack-508223 |access-date=October 5, 2021 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> nangauli wakakananga vinyake ivyo boma la Russia likachitanga.<ref>{{cite news |date=December 21, 2019 |title=Nord Stream 2: Trump approves sanctions on Russia gas pipeline |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50875935 |access-date=October 5, 2021 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Wakafumiska United States mu [[Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty]] chifukwa wakati Russia yikapulikira yayi phangano ili,<ref>{{cite news |last=Bugos |first=Shannon |date=September 2019 |title=U.S. Completes INF Treaty Withdrawal |url=https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2019-09/news/us-completes-inf-treaty-withdrawal |access-date=October 5, 2021 |website=[[Arms Control Association]]}}</ref> ndipo wakawovwira kuti Russia yiwezgekeso mu [[G7]].<ref name="G8">{{cite news |last=Panetta |first=Grace |date=June 14, 2018 |title=Trump reportedly claimed to leaders at the G7 that Crimea is part of Russia because everyone there speaks Russian |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-claims-crimea-is-part-of-russia-since-people-speak-russian-g7-summit-2018-6 |access-date=February 13, 2020 |work=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref> Apo [[North Korea's nuclear weapons|vilwero vya nyukiliya vya North Korea]] vikawonekanga kuti ni suzgo likuru,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Adam |last2=Meko |first2=Tim |date=December 21, 2017 |title=What made North Korea's weapons programs so much scarier in 2017 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/12/21/what-made-north-koreas-weapons-programs-so-much-scarier-in-2017/ |access-date=July 5, 2019 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Trump wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba wa United States uyo wakaŵa pa udindo kukumana na mulongozgi wa North Korea, [[Kim Jong Un]], ndipo ŵakakumana katatu pakati pa Juni 2018 na Juni 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |author-link1=Peter Baker (journalist) |last2=Crowley |first2=Michael |author-link2=Michael Crowley (journalist) |date=June 30, 2019 |title=Trump Steps Into North Korea and Agrees With Kim Jong-un to Resume Talks |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/30/world/asia/trump-north-korea-dmz.html |access-date=October 5, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Kweni kudumbiskana pa [[denuclearization]] ya North Korea kukamara mu Okutobala 2019 kwambura kufika pa phangano lililose.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sanger |first1=David E. |author-link1=David E. Sanger |last2=Sang-Hun |first2=Choe |author-link2=Choe Sang-hun |date=June 12, 2020 |title=Two Years After Trump-Kim Meeting, Little to Show for Personal Diplomacy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/12/world/asia/korea-nuclear-trump-kim.html |access-date=October 5, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Tanner |first1=Jari |last2=Lee |first2=Matthew |author-link2=Matt Lee (journalist) |date=October 5, 2019 |title=North Korea Says Nuclear Talks Break Down While U.S. Says They Were 'Good' |url=https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-us-news-ap-top-news-north-korea-vietnam-c66474b67b3e41cdad6d21ba3385ddc2 |access-date=July 21, 2021 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref> Trump wakakanizgikaso ivyo wakayowoyanga na ŵalaraŵalara ŵa visola vya boma,<ref>{{cite news |last=Woodward |first=Calvin |date=November 16, 2020 |title=AP Fact Check: Trump conclusively lost, denies the evidence |url=https://apnews.com/article/ap-fact-check-trump-conclusively-lost-bbb9d8c808021ed65d91aee003a7bc64 |access-date=November 17, 2020 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref> ndipo Khoti Likuru Chomene likakana kupulika [[Texas v. Pennsylvania|mulandu uwo ukakhumbanga kuti usinthe ivyo vikafuma mu visola]] mu vyaru vinayi ivyo Biden wakathereska.<ref>{{cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |author-link=Adam Liptak |date=December 11, 2020 |title=Supreme Court Rejects Texas Suit Seeking to Subvert Election |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/11/us/politics/supreme-court-election-texas.html |access-date=October 9, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Kanandi waka Trump wakapenja wovwiri wakuti wasinthe ivyo vikafuma mu visola, wakakanizga na kukakamizga yekha ŵalaraŵalara ŵa Republican ŵa mu malo na ŵa maboma,<ref name="amyG">{{cite news |last=Gardner |first=Amy |date=January 3, 2021 |title='I just want to find 11,780 votes': In extraordinary hour-long call, Trump pressures Georgia secretary of state to recalculate the vote in his favor |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-raffensperger-call-georgia-vote/2021/01/03/d45acb92-4dc4-11eb-bda4-615aaefd0555_story.html |access-date=January 20, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> ŵimiliri ŵa malango ŵa Republican,<ref name="pressure">{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Anita |last2=Orr |first2=Gabby |last3=McGraw |first3=Meridith |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Inside Trump's pressure campaign to overturn the election |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/21/trump-pressure-campaign-overturn-election-449486 |access-date=December 22, 2020 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Dipatimenti ya Malango,<ref>{{cite news |last=Cohen |first=Marshall |date=November 5, 2021 |title=Timeline of the coup: How Trump tried to weaponize the Justice Department to overturn the 2020 election |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/05/politics/january-6-timeline-trump-coup/ |access-date=November 6, 2021 |work=[[CNN]]}}</ref> na Muteŵeti wa Pulezidenti Pence,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Haberman |first1=Maggie |author-link1=Maggie Haberman |last2=Karni |first2=Annie |author-link2=Annie Karni |date=January 5, 2021 |title=Pence Said to Have Told Trump that he Lacks Power to Change Election Result |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/05/us/politics/pence-trump-election-results.html |access-date=January 7, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> wakuŵachiska kuti ŵachite vinthu nga nkhusintha [[Ndondomeko ya ma elector ŵautesi ya Trump|ma elector ŵa pulezidenti]],<ref name="pressure" /> panji kuti ŵalaraŵalara ŵa Georgia [[Foni ya Trump–Raffensperger|"ŵasangepo" mavoti na kupharazga]] ivyo "vaweleraso kuŵerengeka".<ref name="amyG"/> Trump wakaluta yayi ku [[Kunjizgika mu udindo kwa Biden]] pa Janyuwale&nbsp;20.<ref>{{cite news |last=Haberman |first=Maggie |author-link=Maggie Haberman |date=January 20, 2021 |title=Trump Departs Vowing, 'We Will Be Back in Some Form' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/20/us/politics/trump-presidency.html |access-date=January 25, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> === Kuukira kwa pa Janyuwale 6 === {{main|[[Kuukira kwa pa United States Capitol pa Janyuwale 6, 2021|Kuukira kwa pa United States Capitol pa Janyuwale 6, 2021]]}} [[File:2021 storming of the United States Capitol DSC09254-2 (50820534063) (retouched).jpg|thumb|Mzinda wa ŵalondezgi ŵa Trump pa nyengo ya kuukira]] Pa Janyuwale&nbsp;6, 2021, apo [[Kuŵerenga mavoti gha Electoral College gha United States cha 2021|Congress yikakhazikiskanga ivyo vikafuma mu visola vya pulezidenti]], [[Msonkhano wa Trump wa pa Janyuwale 6|Trump wakachita msonkhano]] uwo wakachemerezgamo kuti ivyo vikafuma mu visola visinthike ndipo wakachiska ŵalondezgi ŵake kuti "ŵarwe mwankhongono" na "kuwezgerapo charu chithu" mwa kwenda ku Capitol.<ref>{{cite news |last=Savage |first=Charlie |author-link=Charlie Savage (journalist) |date=January 10, 2021 |title=Incitement to Riot? What Trump Told Supporters Before Mob Stormed Capitol |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/10/us/trump-speech-riot.html |access-date=January 11, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Pamanyuma pake ŵalondezgi ŵake ŵakawungana mu mzinda ndipo ŵakanjira mu nyumba ya Capitol, ŵakaparanya ndondomeko ya kukhozgera ivyo vikafuma mu visola ndipo ŵakachitiska kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu Congress ŵafumiskike.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tan |first1=Shelley |last2=Shin |first2=Youjin |last3=Rindler |first3=Danielle |date=January 9, 2021 |title=How one of America's ugliest days unraveled inside and outside the Capitol |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/interactive/2021/capitol-insurrection-visual-timeline/ |access-date=May 2, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ŵapolisi ŵakujumpha 140 ŵakapwetekeka, ndipo ŵanthu ŵankhondi ŵakafwa pa nyengo ya kuukira panji pamanyuma pake.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rubin |first1=Olivia |last2=Mallin |first2=Alexander |last3=Steakin |first3=Will |date=January 4, 2022 |title=By the numbers: How the Jan. 6 investigation is shaping up 1 year later |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/numbers-jan-investigation-shaping-year/story?id=82057743 |access-date=June 4, 2023 |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Cameron |first=Chris |date=January 5, 2022 |title=These Are the People Who Died in Connection With the Capitol Riot |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/05/us/politics/jan-6-capitol-deaths.html |access-date=January 29, 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Chinthu ichi chalongosoreka kuti chikaŵa [[kujipoka boma]] uko Trump wakayezga kuchita.{{sfn|Pion-Berlin|Bruneau|Goetze|2022}}{{sfn|Harvey|2022|p=3|}}{{sfn|Castañeda|Jenks|2023|p=246}} Pamanyuma pake Congress yikawunganaso ndipo yikakhozgera kuthereska kwa Biden m'maora ghakwambilira gha Janyuwale&nbsp;7.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gregorian |first1=Dareh |last2=Gibson |first2=Ginger |last3=Kapur |first3=Sahil |last4=Helsel |first4=Phil |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Congress confirms Biden's win after pro-Trump mob's assault on Capitol |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/congress-begin-electoral-vote-count-amid-protests-inside-outside-capitol-n1253013 |access-date=January 8, 2021 |work=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> == Pakati pa maulamuliro gha upulezidenti (2021–2025) == Wakati wafumanga mu White House, Trump wakamba kukhala ku Mar-a-Lago, ndipo wakakhazikiska ofesi kula nga umo vikulongosorekera mu [[Former Presidents Act|Former Presidents Act]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Wolfe |first=Jan |date=January 27, 2021 |title=Explainer: Why Trump's post-presidency perks, like a pension and office, are safe for the rest of his life |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-impeachment-benefits-explai-idUSKBN29W238 |access-date=February 2, 2021 |work=[[Reuters]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ivyo wakalutilira kuyowoya mwautesi vya [[Big lie#Donald Trump's false claims of a stolen election|chisola cha 2020 icho wakati chikabika]] vikamanyikwanga chomene na awo ŵakamususkanga kuti "[[big lie|utesi ukuru]]", nangauli mu Meyi 2021, iyo na ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakamulondezganga ŵakamba kugwiliskira ntchito mazgu agha pakuyowoya vya chisola chenechicho.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Solender |first=Andrew |date=May 3, 2021 |title=Trump Says He'll Appropriate 'The Big Lie' To Refer To His Election Loss |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewsolender/2021/05/03/trump-says-hell-appropriate-the-big-lie-to-refer-to-his-election-loss/ |access-date=October 10, 2021 |magazine=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref name="key2">{{cite news |last=Wolf |first=Zachary B. |date=May 19, 2021 |title=The 5 key elements of Trump's Big Lie and how it came to be |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/19/politics/donald-trump-big-lie-explainer/ |access-date=October 10, 2021 |work=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Chipani cha Republican chikagwiliskira ntchito ivyo wakayowoyanga mwautesi vya chisola kuti chilongosore chifukwa cha [[Republican efforts to restrict voting following the 2020 United States presidential election|kwambiska malango ghaphya ghakukanizga kuvota]] kuti chiŵawovwire.<ref>{{cite news |last=Balz |first=Dan |author-link=Dan Balz |date=May 29, 2021 |title=The GOP push to revisit 2020 has worrisome implications for future elections |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-big-lie-elections-impact/2021/05/29/d7992fa2-c07d-11eb-b26e-53663e6be6ff_story.html |access-date=June 18, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Izaguirre |first1=Anthony |last2=Coronado |first2=Acacia |date=January 31, 2021 |title=GOP lawmakers seek tougher voting rules after record turnout |url=https://apnews.com/article/bills-voting-rights-elections-coronavirus-pandemic-voter-registration-0e94844d72d2a2bf8b51b1c950bd64fc |access-date=January 17, 2023 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=McCaskill |first=Nolan D. |date=March 15, 2021 |title=After Trump's loss and false fraud claims, GOP eyes voter restrictions across nation |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/03/15/voting-restrictions-states-475732 |access-date=January 17, 2023 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Wakalutilira kukakamizga ŵimiliri ŵa maboma gha vigaŵa kuti ŵasinthe ivyo vikafuma mu chisola.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bender |first1=Michael C. |author-link1=Michael C. Bender |last2=Epstein |first2=Reid J. |date=July 20, 2022 |title=Trump Recently Urged a Powerful Legislator to Overturn His 2020 Defeat in Wisconsin |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/21/us/politics/trump-wisconsin-election-call.html |access-date=August 13, 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Kupambana na ŵapulezidenti ŵanyake ŵakale, Trump wakalutilira kulamulira chipani chake; mbiri iyo yikalembeka mu ''The New York Times'' mu 2022 yikamulongosora nga ni [[party boss|mulongozgi mukuru wa chipani]] wa mazuŵa ghasono.<ref name="PB2">{{cite news |last=Goldmacher |first=Shane |date=April 17, 2022 |title=Mar-a-Lago Machine: Trump as a Modern-Day Party Boss |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/17/us/politics/trump-mar-a-lago.html |access-date=July 31, 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Wakalutilira kusanga ndalama za ndondomeko zake, ndipo wakasanga [[war chest|nkhokwe ya ndalama]] iyo yikaŵa yakuluska kaŵiri ya Chipani cha Republican, kweniso wakasanganga phindu kufuma ku vyakusonkhezgera ndalama ivyo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa Republican ŵakachitiranga ku Mar-a-Lago. Chigaŵa chikuru cha ntchito yake chikaŵa pa kulongozga chipani na kuŵika ŵanthu ŵakugomezgeka kwa iyo mu maudindo ghakuzirwa.<ref name="PB2" /> Mu [[2022 midterm elections|visola vya pakati pa nyengo ya 2022]], Trump wakazomerezga ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 200 kuti ŵapikisane pa maudindo ghakupambanapambana.<ref>{{cite news |last=Paybarah |first=Azi |author-link=Azi Paybarah |date=August 2, 2022 |title=Where Trump's Endorsement Record Stands Halfway through Primary Season |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/02/us/politics/trump-endorsements-midterm-primary-election.html |access-date=August 3, 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mu Febuluwale 2022, kampani yake ya [[Trump Media & Technology Group|Trump Media & Technology Group]] (TMTG) yikambiska pulatifomu ya pa intaneti yakovwira Trump yakuchemeka [[Truth Social|Truth Social]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Bhuyian |first=Johana |date=February 21, 2022 |title=Donald Trump's social media app launches on Apple store |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/feb/21/donald-trumps-social-media-app-truth-social-launches-on-apple-store |access-date=May 7, 2023 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Mu Malichi 2024, TMTG yikazgoka kampani ya pa msika wa masheya.<ref>{{cite news |last=Harwell |first=Drew |author-link=Drew Harwell |date=March 26, 2024 |title=Trump Media soars in first day of public tradings |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2024/03/25/truth-social-trump-media-stock-market-billions/ |access-date=March 28, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> === Nkhani za malango === {{see also|[[Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump|Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump]]|[[Legal affairs of the first Trump presidency|Legal affairs of the first Trump presidency]]}} Mu 2019, mulembi wa nkhani [[E. Jean Carroll|E. Jean Carroll]] wakamupa mulandu Trump kuti wakamuchitira chiheni cha kugonana mu m'ma 1990, ndipo [[E. Jean Carroll v. Donald J. Trump|wakamuphalira mulandu wa kumunangira zina]] chifukwa cha kukana kwake.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ransom |first=Jan |date=November 4, 2019 |title=E. Jean Carroll, Who Accused Trump of Rape, Sues Him for Defamation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/04/nyregion/jean-carroll-sues-trump.html |access-date=January 24, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Carroll wakamuphaliraso mulandu mu 2022 pa mulandu wa [[Battery (crime)|battery]] kweniso kunangira zina.<ref>{{cite news |last=Weiser |first=Benjamin |date=November 17, 2022 |title=Writer Who Accused Trump of Rape to File New Defamation Lawsuit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/17/nyregion/donald-trump-jean-carroll-lawsuit.html |access-date=January 24, 2025 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Khoti likamusanga kuti wali na mulandu wa kuchitira munthu nkhaza za kugonana na kunangira zina, ndipo likamulamura kulipira ndalama zakukwana $5 miliyoni pa mulandu umoza<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sullivan |first1=Becky |last2=Bernstein |first2=Andrea |last3=Marritz |first3=Ilya |last4=Lawrence |first4=Quil |date=May 9, 2023 |title=A jury finds Trump liable for battery and defamation in E. Jean Carroll trial |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/05/09/1174975870/trump-carroll-verdict |access-date=May 10, 2023 |work=[[NPR News]]}}</ref> na $83.3 miliyoni pa unyake.<ref name="uphold">{{cite news |last=Offenhartz |first=Jake |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-carroll-appeal-award-d587004df6f7c46ec4a17b563a38bfa9 |title=Appeals court upholds E. Jean Carroll's $83.3M defamation judgment against Trump |work=[[AP News]] |date=September 8, 2025 |access-date=September 11, 2025}}</ref> Makhoti ghapachanya gha apilu ghakakhozga vyeruzgo vyose na ndalama izi mu Disembala 2024 na Seputembala 2025, mwakulondezgana.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Neumeister |first1=Larry |last2=Sisak |first2=Michael R. |date=December 30, 2024 |title=An appeals court upholds a $5 million award in a sexual abuse verdict against President-elect Trump |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-carroll-lawsuit-defamation-trial-78e4196024539653a6de492312770ff2 |access-date=December 31, 2024 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref><ref name="uphold"/> Khoti Likuru la United States likakana pempho la Trump la kupempha apilu pa mulandu wakwamba.<ref>{{cite news |title=Supreme Court rejects Trump’s push to toss $5 million verdict in E. Jean Carroll sexual abuse case |last=Whitehurst |first=Lindsay |date=June 29, 2026 |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-supreme-court-e-jean-carroll-sexual-abuse-1a50d1e9e1d12898e78e0803c4627771 |work=[[AP News]] |access-date=June 29, 2026}}</ref> Mu 2022, [[New York business fraud lawsuit against the Trump Organization|boma la New York likamuphalira mulandu wa boma]] Trump, likamupa mulandu wakuti wakasazgiranga mtengo wa Trump Organization kuti wasange chandulo kwa ŵakukongozga ndalama na mabanki.<ref>{{cite news |last=Scannell |first=Kara |date=September 21, 2022 |title=New York attorney general files civil fraud lawsuit against Trump, some of his children and his business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/21/politics/trump-new-york-attorney-general-letitia-james-fraud-lawsuit/index.html |access-date=September 21, 2022 |work=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref name="TF">{{cite news |last1=Bromwich |first1=Jonah E. |last2=Protess |first2=Ben |date=February 17, 2024 |title=Trump Fraud Trial Penalty Will Exceed $450 Million |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/16/nyregion/trump-civil-fraud-trial-ruling.html |access-date=February 17, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Khoti likamusanga kuti wali na mulandu ndipo likamulamura kulipira pafupifupi $355 miliyoni kweniso chiwongoladzanja.<ref name="TF" /> Mu Ogasiti 2025, khoti la apilu likakhozga kuti wali na mulandu na chilango chinyake chambura ndalama, kweni likafumyapo chilango cha ndalama chifukwa chikawonekanga kuti ntchakujumphizga.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bromwich |first1=Jonah E. |last2=Protess |first2=Ben |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/21/nyregion/trump-fraud-james.html |title=Divided Court Eliminates Trump's Half-Billion-Dollar Fine in Fraud Case |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 21, 2025 |access-date=August 26, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Chifukwa cha ivyo Trump wakachita pakukhumba kusintha ivyo vikafuma mu chisola cha 2020 na kutorana kwake chigaŵa pa kuwukira kwa Januwale&nbsp;6, mu Disembala 2022 [[United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack|komiti yapadera ya Nyumba ya Wimiliri ya United States pa kuwukira uku]] yikapempha kuti wapike milandu ya uheni yakusazgapo [[obstructing an official proceeding|kunanga ntchito ya ndondomeko ya boma]], kukhuŵilizga panji kovwira kuwukira boma, kweniso [[conspiracy to defraud the United States|kupangana kuchitira chinyengo United States]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Feuer |first=Alan |date=December 19, 2022 |title=It's Unclear Whether the Justice Dept. Will Take Up the Jan. 6 Panel's Charges |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/us/politics/jan-6-trump-justice-dept.html |access-date=March 25, 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mu Ogasiti 2023, gulu la ŵeruzgi ŵa ku [[Fulton County, Georgia|Fulton County, Georgia]] likamupa milandu 13, kusazgapo [[Georgia election racketeering prosecution|racketeering]], chifukwa cha kuyezgayezga kwake kunanga ivyo vikafuma mu chisola cha 2020 mu boma ili.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lowell |first1=Hugo |last2=Wicker |first2=Jewel |date=August 15, 2023 |title=Donald Trump and allies indicted in Georgia over bid to reverse 2020 election loss |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/aug/14/donald-trump-georgia-indictment-2020-election |access-date=December 22, 2023 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Drenon |first=Brandon |date=August 25, 2023 |title=What are the charges in Trump's Georgia indictment? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-66503668 |access-date=December 22, 2023 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Mulandu uwu ukafumiskika mu Novembala 2025 pamanyuma pakuti mulembi muphya wa milandu wakakana kulutilira nawo.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fausset |first1=Richard |last2=Hakim |first2=Danny |title=Judge Dismisses Georgia Election Interference Case Against Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/26/us/trump-georgia-election-racketeering.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 26, 2025 |access-date=November 26, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref> == Pakati pa maulamuliro gha pulezidenti (2021–2025) == Wakati wafumanga mu White House, Trump wakamba kukhala ku Mar-a-Lago, ndipo wakakhazikiska ofesi kwenekura nga umo vikuperekekera na [[Former Presidents Act|Dango la Ŵapulezidenti Ŵakale]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Wolfe |first=Jan |date=January 27, 2021 |title=Explainer: Why Trump's post-presidency perks, like a pension and office, are safe for the rest of his life |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-impeachment-benefits-explai-idUSKBN29W238 |access-date=February 2, 2021 |work=[[Reuters]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ivyo wakalutilira kuyowoya mwautesi pa [[Big lie#Donald Trump's false claims of a stolen election|visola vya pulezidenti vya 2020 ivyo wakati vikabiwa]] vikachemekanga kanandi kuti "[[Big lie|utesi ukuru]]" na awo ŵakamususkanga, nangauli mu Meyi 2021, iyo na ŵanandi mwa ŵalondezgi ŵake ŵakamba kugwiliskira ntchito zina ili pakung'anamura chisola cheneko.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Solender |first=Andrew |date=May 3, 2021 |title=Trump Says He'll Appropriate 'The Big Lie' To Refer To His Election Loss |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewsolender/2021/05/03/trump-says-hell-appropriate-the-big-lie-to-refer-to-his-election-loss/ |access-date=October 10, 2021 |magazine=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref name="key2">{{cite news |last=Wolf |first=Zachary B. |date=May 19, 2021 |title=The 5 key elements of Trump's Big Lie and how it came to be |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/19/politics/donald-trump-big-lie-explainer/ |access-date=October 10, 2021 |work=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Chipani cha Republican chikagwiliskira ntchito mazgu ghake ghautesi pa chisola kuti chilongosore [[Republican efforts to restrict voting following the 2020 United States presidential election|kuŵikapo mphaka ziphya pa kuvota]] kuti viŵawovwire.<ref>{{cite news |last=Balz |first=Dan |author-link=Dan Balz |date=May 29, 2021 |title=The GOP push to revisit 2020 has worrisome implications for future elections |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-big-lie-elections-impact/2021/05/29/d7992fa2-c07d-11eb-b26e-53663e6be6ff_story.html |access-date=June 18, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Izaguirre |first1=Anthony |last2=Coronado |first2=Acacia |date=January 31, 2021 |title=GOP lawmakers seek tougher voting rules after record turnout |url=https://apnews.com/article/bills-voting-rights-elections-coronavirus-pandemic-voter-registration-0e94844d72d2a2bf8b51b1c950bd64fc |access-date=January 17, 2023 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=McCaskill |first=Nolan D. |date=March 15, 2021 |title=After Trump's loss and false fraud claims, GOP eyes voter restrictions across nation |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/03/15/voting-restrictions-states-475732 |access-date=January 17, 2023 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Wakalutilira kukakamizga ŵimiliri ŵa maboma kuti ŵawuske vyakufuma mu chisola.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bender |first1=Michael C. |author-link1=Michael C. Bender |last2=Epstein |first2=Reid J. |date=July 20, 2022 |title=Trump Recently Urged a Powerful Legislator to Overturn His 2020 Defeat in Wisconsin |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/21/us/politics/trump-wisconsin-election-call.html |access-date=August 13, 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Kupambana na ŵapulezidenti ŵakale ŵanyake, Trump wakalutilira kulamulira chipani chake; mbiri iyo yikafuma mu ''The New York Times'' mu 2022 yikamulongosora nga ni [[party boss|mulongozgi mukuru wa chipani]] wa mazuŵa ghano.<ref name="PB2">{{cite news |last=Goldmacher |first=Shane |date=April 17, 2022 |title=Mar-a-Lago Machine: Trump as a Modern-Day Party Boss |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/17/us/politics/trump-mar-a-lago.html |access-date=July 31, 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Wakalutilira kuwunganya ndalama, wakawunganya [[war chest|nkhokwe yikuru ya ndalama]] iyo yikaŵa yakuluska kaŵiri iyo ya Chipani cha Republican, ndipo wakasangaso phindu kufuma ku mawunganiro gha ndalama agho ŵanandi awo ŵakakhumbanga maudindo mwa Republican ŵakachitiranga ku Mar-a-Lago. Ghanandi mwa ntchito zake ghakaŵa pa ulongozgi wa chipani na kuŵika ŵanthu ŵakugomezgeka kwa iyo mu maudindo ghakuzirwa.<ref name="PB2" /> Mu [[Visola vya pakati pa nyengo ya United States vya 2022|visola vya pakati pa nyengo vya 2022]], Trump wakapeleka chovwiri ku ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 200 awo ŵakakhumbanga maudindo ghakupambanapambana.<ref>{{cite news |last=Paybarah |first=Azi |author-link=Azi Paybarah |date=August 2, 2022 |title=Where Trump's Endorsement Record Stands Halfway through Primary Season |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/02/us/politics/trump-endorsements-midterm-primary-election.html |access-date=August 3, 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mu Febuluwale 2022, kampani yake ya [[Trump Media & Technology Group]] (TMTG) yikamba malo ghakusangwaniska gha pa intaneti ghakucemeka [[Truth Social]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Bhuyian |first=Johana |date=February 21, 2022 |title=Donald Trump's social media app launches on Apple store |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/feb/21/donald-trumps-social-media-app-truth-social-launches-on-apple-store |access-date=May 7, 2023 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Mu Malichi 2024, TMTG yikazgoka kampani ya pa msika wa masheya.<ref>{{cite news |last=Harwell |first=Drew |author-link=Drew Harwell |date=March 26, 2024 |title=Trump Media soars in first day of public tradings |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2024/03/25/truth-social-trump-media-stock-market-billions/ |access-date=March 28, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> === Nkhani za malango === {{see also|[[Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump|Nkhani za malango za Donald Trump pa umoyo wake na bizinesi]]|[[Legal affairs of the first Trump presidency|Nkhani za malango pa ulamuliro wakwamba wa Trump]]}} Mu 2019, mulembi wa nkhani [[E. Jean Carroll]] wakamupa mulandu Trump kuti wakamuchita chinyamusi mu m'ma 1990 ndipo [[E. Jean Carroll v. Donald J. Trump|wakamusumba chifukwa cha kumunangira zina]] pamanyuma pakuti wakakana ivyo wakamupa mulandu.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ransom |first=Jan |date=November 4, 2019 |title=E. Jean Carroll, Who Accused Trump of Rape, Sues Him for Defamation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/04/nyregion/jean-carroll-sues-trump.html |access-date=January 24, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Carroll wakamusumba so mu 2022 chifukwa cha [[Battery (crime)|kukhuŵazga munthu]] kweniso kumunangira zina.<ref>{{cite news |last=Weiser |first=Benjamin |date=November 17, 2022 |title=Writer Who Accused Trump of Rape to File New Defamation Lawsuit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/17/nyregion/donald-trump-jean-carroll-lawsuit.html |access-date=January 24, 2025 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Khoti likamusanga kuti wali na mulandu wa kuchita nkhaza za kugonana na kumunangira zina, ndipo likamulangura kulipira ndalama zakukwana $5 miliyoni pa mulandu umoza<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sullivan |first1=Becky |last2=Bernstein |first2=Andrea |last3=Marritz |first3=Ilya |last4=Lawrence |first4=Quil |date=May 9, 2023 |title=A jury finds Trump liable for battery and defamation in E. Jean Carroll trial |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/05/09/1174975870/trump-carroll-verdict |access-date=May 10, 2023 |work=[[NPR News]]}}</ref> na $83.3 miliyoni pa unyake.<ref name="uphold">{{cite news |last=Offenhartz |first=Jake |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-carroll-appeal-award-d587004df6f7c46ec4a17b563a38bfa9 |title=Appeals court upholds E. Jean Carroll's $83.3M defamation judgment against Trump |work=[[AP News]] |date=September 8, 2025 |access-date=September 11, 2025}}</ref> Makhoti gha apilo gha boma ghakakhozga vyeruzgo vyose na ndalama izo mu Disembala 2024 na Seputembala 2025, mwakulondezgana.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Neumeister |first1=Larry |last2=Sisak |first2=Michael R. |date=December 30, 2024 |title=An appeals court upholds a $5 million award in a sexual abuse verdict against President-elect Trump |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-carroll-lawsuit-defamation-trial-78e4196024539653a6de492312770ff2 |access-date=December 31, 2024 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref><ref name="uphold"/> Khoti Likuru la United States likakana apilo la Trump pa mulandu wakwamba.<ref>{{cite news |title=Supreme Court rejects Trump’s push to toss $5 million verdict in E. Jean Carroll sexual abuse case |last=Whitehurst |first=Lindsay |date=June 29, 2026 |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-supreme-court-e-jean-carroll-sexual-abuse-1a50d1e9e1d12898e78e0803c4627771 |work=[[AP News]] |access-date=June 29, 2026}}</ref> Mu 2022, [[New York business fraud lawsuit against the Trump Organization|boma la New York likamusumba pa mulandu wa boma]] Trump, likamupa mulandu wakuti wakakwezga mwakuteska mtengo wa Trump Organization kuti wasange chandulo kwa ŵakubwerekeska ndalama na mabanki.<ref>{{cite news |last=Scannell |first=Kara |date=September 21, 2022 |title=New York attorney general files civil fraud lawsuit against Trump, some of his children and his business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/21/politics/trump-new-york-attorney-general-letitia-james-fraud-lawsuit/index.html |access-date=September 21, 2022 |work=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref name="TF">{{cite news |last1=Bromwich |first1=Jonah E. |last2=Protess |first2=Ben |date=February 17, 2024 |title=Trump Fraud Trial Penalty Will Exceed $450 Million |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/16/nyregion/trump-civil-fraud-trial-ruling.html |access-date=February 17, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Khoti likamusanga kuti wali na mulandu ndipo likamulangura kulipira pafupifupi $355 miliyoni pamoza na chiwongoladzanja.<ref name="TF" /> Mu Ogasiti 2025, khoti la apilo likakhozga mulandu wake na vilango vinyake vyambura ndalama, kweni likafumiskapo chilango cha ndalama chifukwa chikawoneka kuti chikaŵa chikuru chomene.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bromwich |first1=Jonah E. |last2=Protess |first2=Ben |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/21/nyregion/trump-fraud-james.html |title=Divided Court Eliminates Trump's Half-Billion-Dollar Fine in Fraud Case |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 21, 2025 |access-date=August 26, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Chifukwa cha kuyezgayezga kwa Trump kuwuska vyakufuma mu visola vya 2020 na umo wakachitikirapo pa kuwukira kwa January&nbsp;6, mu Disembala 2022 [[United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack|komiti ya Nyumba ya Ŵimiliri ya United States pa kuwukira kwa January 6]] yikapempha kuti wapikike milandu ya [[obstructing an official proceeding|kunanga ntchito ya boma]], kukhozga panji kovwira kuwukira boma, na [[conspiracy to defraud the United States|kupangana kuti wabere United States]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Feuer |first=Alan |date=December 19, 2022 |title=It's Unclear Whether the Justice Dept. Will Take Up the Jan. 6 Panel's Charges |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/us/politics/jan-6-trump-justice-dept.html |access-date=March 25, 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mu Ogasiti 2023, jury likuru ku [[Fulton County, Georgia]] likamupa milandu 13, kusazgapo [[Georgia election racketeering prosecution|racketeering]], chifukwa cha kuyezgayezga kwake kunanga visola vya 2020 mu boma ili.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lowell |first1=Hugo |last2=Wicker |first2=Jewel |date=August 15, 2023 |title=Donald Trump and allies indicted in Georgia over bid to reverse 2020 election loss |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/aug/14/donald-trump-georgia-indictment-2020-election |access-date=December 22, 2023 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Drenon |first=Brandon |date=August 25, 2023 |title=What are the charges in Trump's Georgia indictment? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-66503668 |access-date=December 22, 2023 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Mulandu uwu ukalekeka mu Novembala 2025 pamanyuma pakuti mupharazgi muphya wa boma wakakana kulondezga milandu iyi.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fausset |first1=Richard |last2=Hakim |first2=Danny |title=Judge Dismisses Georgia Election Interference Case Against Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/26/us/trump-georgia-election-racketeering.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 26, 2025 |access-date=November 26, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mazgu ghake, agho ghakachemanga ŵalwani ŵake ŵandale kuti "murwani", viyuni vyakofya, kweniso ŵafasisti, ghakalongosoreka na ŵanyake ŵakulemba mbiri na ŵasambiri kuti ghakaŵa gha ulamuliro wa nkhongono, gha [[Donald Trump and fascism|ufasisti]],<ref> * {{cite news |title=Trump campaign defends "vermin" speech amid fascist comparisons |url=https://www.axios.com/2023/11/13/trump-vermin-fascist-language-speech |work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]] |date=November 13, 2023 |last=Basu |first=Zachary |access-date=December 8, 2023}} * {{cite news |last=Browning |first=Christopher R. |date=July 25, 2023 |title=A New Kind of Fascism |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/07/trump-second-term-isolationist-fascism/674791/ |work=[[The Atlantic]] |access-date=December 8, 2023}} * {{cite news |title=Trump compares political opponents to 'vermin' who he will 'root out', alarming historians |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-compares-political-opponents-vermin-root-alarming-historians/story?id=104847748 |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |date=November 13, 2023 |last1=Kim |first1=Soo Rin |last2=Ibssa |first2=Lalee |access-date=December 8, 2023}} * {{cite news |last=Ward |first=Myah |date=October 12, 2024 |title=We watched 20 Trump rallies. His racist, anti-immigrant messaging is getting darker. |work=[[Politico]] |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/10/12/trump-racist-rhetoric-immigrants-00183537 |access-date=October 12, 2024}} </ref> ndipo ghakaŵa ghakupambana na chilichose icho munthu wakupenja udindo wa ndale wali kuyowoyapo kale mu mbiri ya United States.<ref name="NYMag Never Sounded Like This">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/27/magazine/trump-rallies-rhetoric.html |title=Donald Trump Has Never Sounded Like This |work=[[The New York Times Magazine]] |date=April 27, 2024 |access-date=April 27, 2024 |last1=Homans |first1=Charles |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="Lerer 10152024" /><ref name="Applebaum18">{{cite news |last=Applebaum |first=Anne |author-link=Anne Applebaum |date=October 18, 2024 |title=Trump Is Speaking Like Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini |work=[[The Atlantic]] |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2024/10/trump-authoritarian-rhetoric-hitler-mussolini/680296/ |access-date=October 18, 2024}}</ref> [[Age and health concerns about Donald Trump|Nkhawa pa vya msinkhu na umoyo wa Trump]] nazo zikawonekanga pa nyengo ya kampeni, apo ŵadokotala ŵanandi ŵakalongora kuti wakaŵa kwamba kuyowoya mwambura kulongosoka makora, [[tangential speech|kuyowoya kupatuka pa nkhani]], na [[Disinhibition|kuleka kujikora pa nkharo]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |author-link1=Peter Baker (journalist) |last2=Freedman |first2=Dylan |date=October 6, 2024 |title=Trump's Speeches, Increasingly Angry and Rambling, Reignite the Question of Age |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/06/us/politics/trump-speeches-age-cognitive-decline.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Trump wakayowoya mazgu ghakuti "chisola chakunangiska" na "kunjilirapo pa chisola" nyengo zzinandi kweniso mwaluŵiro mu kampeni ya 2024 kuluska umo wakachitira mu makampeni gha 2016 na 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lane |first1=Nathan |last2=Ulmer |first2=Alexandra |date=May 16, 2024 |title=Trump, allies are laying the groundwork to contest potential election loss |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-allies-are-laying-groundwork-contest-potential-election-loss-2024-05-16/ |access-date=September 12, 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="NYTDoubts">{{cite news |last1=Yourish |first1=Karen |last2=Smart |first2=Charlie |date=May 24, 2024 |title=Trump's Pattern of Sowing Election Doubt Intensifies in 2024 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/05/24/us/politics/trump-election-results-doubt.html |access-date=August 30, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Pa Julayi&nbsp;13, 2024, Trump wakapwetekeka pa khutu na chipolopolo pa [[Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania|kuyezga kumukoma]] pa ungano wa kampeni ku [[Butler Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania|Butler Township, Pennsylvania]].<ref name="Browne-2024">{{cite news |last1=Browne |first1=Malachy |last2=Lum |first2=Devon |last3=Cardia |first3=Alexander |date=July 26, 2024 |title=Speculation Swirls About What Hit Trump. An Analysis Suggests It was a Bullet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/26/us/politics/trump-shooter-bullet-trajectory-ear.html |access-date=July 29, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hutchinson |first1=Bill |last2=Cohen |first2=Miles |date=July 16, 2024 |title=Gunman opened fire at Trump rally as witnesses say they tried to alert police |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/witnesses-trump-assassination-attempt-gunman-roof-shooting/story?id=111947616 |access-date=July 17, 2024 |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=July 14, 2024 |title=AP Photos: Shooting at Trump rally in Pennsylvania |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-rally-shooting-photo-gallery-561478b3f90c950c741eeaa24c6dc159 |access-date=July 23, 2024 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref> Mazuŵa ghaŵiri ghakati ghajumphapo, [[2024 Republican National Convention|2024 Republican National Convention]] yikamusankha kuŵa wakwimira chipani pa chisola cha pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite news |last=Astor |first=Maggie |date=July 15, 2024 |title=What to Know About J.D. Vance, Trump's Running Mate |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/15/us/politics/who-is-jd-vance-trump-vp.html |access-date=July 15, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mu Seputembala, wakasangikaso pa [[Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Florida|kuyezga kunyake kumukoma]] ku Florida, kweni wakapwetekeka yayi.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Debusmann |first1=Bernd Jr |last2=Yousif |first2=Nadine |date=September 23, 2024 |title=Suspect described Trump 'assassination attempt' in pre-written note |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c89ly20vvgvo |access-date=November 21, 2024 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Trump wakathereska chisola mu Novembala 2024 na mavoti 312 gha Electoral College kuluska 226 gha vice president uyo wakaŵapo, Kamala Harris.<ref>{{cite news |title=2024 Presidential Election Results |url=https://apnews.com/projects/election-results-2024/ |date=November 25, 2024 |access-date=November 25, 2024 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref> Wakasangaso mavoti ghanandi gha ŵanthu wose na 49.8% apo Harris wakasanga 48.3%.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/2024presgeresults.pdf |title=2024 Presidential Election Results |publisher=[[Federal Election Commission]] |date=January 16, 2025 |access-date=January 16, 2025}}</ref> Kuthereska kwake mu 2024 kukachitika chomene chifukwa cha [[2021–2023 inflation surge|kukwera kwa mitengo pakati pa 2021 na 2023]].<ref name="Global Politics">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/global-politics-conservative-right-shift-ea0e8d05 |title=The Progressive Moment in Global Politics is Over |date=December 27, 2024 |access-date=December 27, 2024 |first1=Bertrand |last1=Benoit |first2=David |last2=Luhnow |first3=Vipal |last3=Monga |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Burn-Murdoch |first=John |date=December 29, 2024 |title=What the 'year of democracy' taught us, in 6 charts |url=https://www.ft.com/content/350ba985-bb07-4aa3-aa5e-38eda7c525dd |access-date=December 30, 2024 |work=[[Financial Times]] |quote=The billions who voted in 2024 sent an angry message to incumbents, and warmed to populists on left and right}}</ref> Mabungwe ghanandi gha nkhani ghakalongosora kuti kuweleraso kwake pa udindo uwu kukaŵa kwakuziziswa chomene.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sheerin |first1=Jude |last2=Murphy |first2=Matt |date=November 6, 2024 |title=Trump pulls off historic White House comeback |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62l5zdv7zko |access-date=November 9, 2024 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Zeke |author-link1=Zeke Miller |last2=Price |first2=Michelle L. |last3=Weissert |first3=Will |last4=Colvin |first4=Jill |date=November 6, 2024 |title=Trump wins the White House in political comeback rooted in appeals to frustrated voters |url=https://apnews.com/article/election-day-trump-harris-white-house-83c8e246ab97f5b97be45cdc156af4e2 |access-date=November 9, 2024 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref> == Pulezidenti wa chiŵiri (2025–sono) == {{main|[[Pulezidenti wa chiŵiri wa Donald Trump|Pulezidenti wa chiŵiri wa Donald Trump]]}} {{for timeline|[[Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies#Second presidency (2025–present)|Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies#Second presidency (2025–present)]]}} [[File:Donald Trump takes the oath of office (2025) (alternate).jpg|thumb|Wakulapa [[Oath of office of the President of the United States|chilapo cha pulezidenti]], chakulongozgeka na Chief Justice [[John Roberts]], pa Janyuwale&nbsp;20, 2025]] Trump wakamba nyengo yake yachiŵiri pa [[Second inauguration of Donald Trump|kuŵikika kwake pa udindo]] pa Janyuwale&nbsp;20, 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Morgan |first1=David |last2=Borter |first2=Gabriella |last3=Mason |first3=Jeff |last4=Ax |first4=Joseph |date=January 20, 2025 |title=Trump sworn in a second time, says he was 'saved by God' to rescue America |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/triumphant-trump-returns-white-house-launching-new-era-upheaval-2025-01-20/ |access-date=January 20, 2025 |work=[[Reuters]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Wakazgoka [[List of presidents of the United States by age|pulezidenti muchekuru chomene uyo wali kunjira pa udindo]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Hussein |first=Mohamed H. |date=January 20, 2025 |title=How does Trump's age at inauguration compare with other presidents? |work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/1/20/how-does-trumps-age-at-inauguration-compare-to-other-presidents |access-date=January 20, 2025}}</ref> pulezidenti wakwamba kusangika na mulandu wa felony, kweniso munthu wachiŵiri kuteŵetera nyengo ziŵiri zakupatukana nga ni pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ogwude |first1=Haadiza |last2=Page |first2=Susan |date=January 20, 2025 |title=Is Donald Trump the oldest president sworn into office? A look at his historic feats |work=[[USA Today]] |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2025/01/20/who-is-the-oldest-president-to-be-sworn-in-donald-trump/77776042007/ |access-date=January 20, 2025}}</ref> Trump wakasora ŵanandi awo ŵakalemba Project 2025 kuti ŵaŵe mu boma lake lachiŵiri;<ref>{{cite news |last1=Alfonseca |first1=Kiara |last2=Faulders |first2=Katherine |title=How Trump has infused parts of Project 2025 into his administration |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-project-2025-administration/story?id=116019369 |access-date=February 4, 2025 |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |date=December 9, 2024}}</ref> pamanyuma pa chaka chakwamba cha nyengo yake yachiŵiri, pafupifupi hafu ya ndondomeko za pulojekiti iyi zikagwiriskirika ntchito.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ordoñez |first=Franco |url=https://www.npr.org/2026/01/19/nx-s1-5640006/trump-has-rolled-out-many-of-the-project-2025-policies-he-once-claimed-ignorance-about |title=Trump has rolled out many of the Project 2025 policies he once claimed ignorance about |work=[[NPR News]] |date=January 19, 2026 |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Wendling |first=Mike |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yvvjw8pdvo |title=From Venezuela to immigration crackdown, Project 2025 provided Trump's roadmap |work=[[BBC News]] |date=February 26, 2026 |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Pakulongosora mphindano zake na mazaza gha makhoti, ''The New York Times'' yikati kuyezga kwake kusazgirako nkhongono za pulezidenti ni chimanyikwiro chikuru cha nyengo yake yachiŵiri.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/20/us/politics/trump-power-courts-crisis.html |title=How Trump Is Trying to Consolidate Power Over Courts, Congress and More |first1=Erica L. |last1=Green |first2=Zolan |last2=Kanno-Youngs |author-link2=Zolan Kanno-Youngs |first3=Maggie |last3=Haberman |author-link3=Maggie Haberman |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 20, 2025 |access-date=March 20, 2025 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Nyengo yachiŵiri ya Trump yikaŵa na kupharazga ndondomeko zakupambanapambana, kuchedweskeka, kweniso kusintha ivyo vikachitika, ndipo vikapangiska kuti lizgu lakuti "[[Trump Always Chickens Out|TACO]]" liyambe kugwiriskirika ntchito pakulongosora umo wakachitiranga.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/chaos-confusion-reversals-trump-second-term-rcna200649 |title=Chaos, confusion and reversals: The story of Trump's second term so far |first=Peter |last=Nicholas |date=April 14, 2025 |work=[[NBC News]] |access-date=April 25, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Crowley |first=Kinsey |date=January 22, 2026 |title=Trump's Greenland deal has some saying TACO again. What does it mean? |work=[[USA Today]] |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2026/01/22/donald-trump-taco-greenland-davos-deal/88298149007/ |access-date=April 25, 2026}}</ref> === Ivyo wakachita pakwamba === {{see also|First 100 days of the second Trump presidency}} Pambere pajumphapo mwezi umoza kufika pa mazuŵa 100 gha nyengo yachiŵiri ya Trump, wakaŵa kuti [[List of executive orders in the second Trump presidency|wasaina ma executive order ghanandi]] kuluska pulezidenti waliyose wa United States mu mazuŵa ghakwamba 100 gha ulamuliro wake.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Doan |first1=Laura |last2=Ingram |first2=Julia |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-issues-record-100-executive-order-of-second-term-breakdown/ |title=Trump issues record 100th executive order within first 100 days of term. Here's a breakdown. |work=[[CBS News]] |date=March 26, 2025 |access-date=November 8, 2025}}</ref> Kufika pakati pa Janyuwale 2026, ma order na vyakuchita vyake vikakwimikana na milandu yakujumpha 550 mu makhoti mu charu chose. Pa milandu iyi, awo ŵakamusumanga ŵakapunda pa milandu 195, boma likapunda pa milandu 109, milandu 16 yikaŵa na vyeruzgo vyakupambana, milandu 228 yikaŵa yindamalizgike, ndipo milandu 25 yikajalika.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 12, 2026 |title=Litigation Tracker: Legal Challenges to Trump Administration Actions |url=https://www.justsecurity.org/107087/tracker-litigation-legal-challenges-trump-administration/ |access-date=January 13, 2026 |website=[[Just Security]]}}</ref> Ŵeruzgi awo ŵakasankhika na ma Republican na ma Democrat wose ŵakasanga kuti ndondomeko zinandi za boma la Trump zikaŵa na ubudi wa malango gha Dango Likuru na malango ghanyake gha boma.<ref>Multiple sources: * {{cite news |last1=Parker |first1=Ned |last2=Spector |first2=Mike |last3=Eisler |first3=Peter |last4=So |first4=Linda |last5=Raymond |first5=Nate |title=These judges ruled against Trump. Then their families came under attack. |url=https://www.reuters.com/investigations/these-judges-ruled-against-trump-then-their-families-came-under-attack-2025-05-02/ |access-date=August 9, 2025 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=May 2, 2025}} * {{cite news |last1=Blake |first1=Aaron |title=It's not just 'leftist' judges. GOP appointees have many sharp words for Trump. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/04/24/republican-judges-oppose-trump/ |access-date=August 9, 2025 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 24, 2025}} * {{cite news |author=The Editorial Board |title= 'Egregious'. 'Brazen'. 'Lawless'. How 48 Judges Describe Trump's Actions, in Their Own Words |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/07/12/opinion/editorials/federal-judges-quotes-trump-administration.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 9, 2025 |access-date=August 9, 2025}}</ref> Pamanyuma pakuti watondeka pa milandu yinandi ya makhoti, Trump wakasazgirako kususka kwake vyeruzgi ndipo wakachema kuti ŵeruzgi ŵa boma awo ŵakeruzga vyakususkana nayo ŵafumiskike pa maudindo ghawo mwa impeachment.<ref>{{cite news |last=Riccardi |first=Nicholas |date=March 16, 2025 |title=Trump administration ramps up rhetoric targeting the courts amid mounting legal setbacks |work=[[AP News]] |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-courts-judges-rule-of-law-85058a5ffcef105d4ea2ce0ef078f084 |access-date=March 20, 2025}}</ref> Kufika pakati pa Julayi 2025, kuwunika kwa ''[[Washington Post]]'' kukasanganga kuti wakakananga kupulikira ŵeruzgi na makhoti pa pafupifupi chigaŵa chimoza pa vitatu vya milandu yose iyo yikamukhwaskanga, ivyo ŵakumanya vya malango ŵakavichema kuti ni vyambura kuchitikapo kale pa boma lililose la pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jouvenal |first=Justin |date=July 21, 2025 |title=Trump officials accused of defying 1 in 3 judges who ruled against him |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/07/21/trump-court-orders-defy-noncompliance-marshals-judges/ |url-access=limited |access-date=August 1, 2025}}</ref> Boma lake likati lili na wanangwa wa mu Dango Likuru wakuleka kulondezga malango gha boma pakulongosora vinyake ivyo likachitanga, nga nkhuleka kulondezga [[Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act|dango la boma lakukanizga TikTok]], apo ŵakumanya vya malango ŵakati ichi chikung'anamura kuti likujipa "nkhongono ya mu Dango Likuru yakupa wanangwa makampani panji ŵanthu kuchita vinthu vyambura kuzomerezgeka na dango kwambura kulangika".<ref>{{cite news |last=Savage |first=Charlie |author-link=Charlie Savage (journalist) |date=July 3, 2025 |title=Trump Claims Sweeping Power to Nullify Laws, Letters on TikTok Ban Show |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/03/us/politics/trump-bondi-tiktok-executive-power.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=August 23, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode |last=Lucas |first=Ryan |date=March 19, 2025 |title=Experts say Trump's targeting of law firms is unprecedented |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/03/19/nx-s1-5323890/experts-say-trumps-targeting-of-law-firms-is-unprecedented |series=[[All Things Considered]] |work=[[NPR News]] |access-date=April 13, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Scarcella |first1=Mike |last2=Merken |first2=Sara |last3=Sloan |first3=Karen |date=March 21, 2025 |title=Law firm Paul Weiss defends deal with Trump as lawyers sound alarm |url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/trumps-deal-with-law-firm-paul-weiss-sparks-alarm-among-lawyers-2025-03-21/ |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=April 13, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref> === [[Kususkana kwa vyakukhwaskana na vinthu vya munthu yekha (2025–sono)|Kususkana kwa vyakukhwaskana na vinthu vya munthu yekha (2025–sono)]] === {{further|[[Second presidency of Donald Trump#Ethics|Second presidency of Donald Trump]]|[[Cryptocurrency in the second Trump presidency]]}} Nyengo yachiŵiri ya ulamuliro wa Trump yikulongosoreka kuti yikaŵa na vigeŵenga vichoko vyakuvikilira ku kususkana kwa vyakukhwaskana na vinthu vya munthu yekha kuluska nyengo yake yakwamba,<ref name="Yourish 2025">{{cite news |last1=Yourish |first1=Karen |last2=Lipton |first2=Eric |author-link2=Eric Lipton |last3=Gamio |first3=Lazaro |date=January 17, 2025 |title=An Illustrated Guide to Trump's Conflict of Interest Risks |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/01/17/us/politics/trump-conflicts-of-interest.html |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="Schouten 2025">{{cite news |last=Schouten |first=Fredreka |date=January 8, 2025 |title=Gold-plated watches and electoral map sneakers: Trump's newest merchandise raises conflict of interest questions |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/08/politics/trump-conflicts-of-interest-second-term/index.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |work=[[CNN]]}}</ref> kuswa miyambo ya nkharo yiwemi iyo yikakhala kwa vyaka vinandi,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lipton |first1=Eric |author-link1=Eric Lipton |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |author-link2=Maggie Haberman |date=February 17, 2025 |title=With Congress Pliant, an Emboldened Trump Pushes His Business Interests |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/17/us/politics/trump-ethics-conflicts-business-adams.html |url-access=limited}}</ref> ndipo yikapangiska ŵanthu ŵanandi kufipa mtima na katangale.<ref name="Savage 05122025">{{cite news |last=Savage |first=Charlie |author-link=Charlie Savage (journalist) |date=May 12, 2025 |title=Trump's Plan to Take Jet From Qatar Heightens Corruption Concerns |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/12/us/trump-qatar-jet-plane.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=May 18, 2025 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Stringer |first1=Connor |last2=Lawford |first2=Melissa |date=May 18, 2025 |title='It's open season for corruption': How Trump turned the White House into a cash cow |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2025/05/18/trump-turned-white-house-cash-machine/ |access-date=May 18, 2025 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> Wakalutilira kuŵa na kampani ya pa msika wa masheya ya [[Trump Media & Technology Group]], ndipo wakayisazgirapo ntchito za ndalama.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Media launches FinTech services brand amid crypto boom |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/trump-media-launches-fintech-services-brand-2025-01-29/ |date=January 29, 2025 |work=[[Reuters]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Wakapenja mapangano ghaphya gha malo gha nyumba mu vyaru vinyake agho ghakakhwaskanga mabungwe agho ghakaŵa pamoza na maboma, ndipo wakaŵaso na mapangano ghanandi gha branding na licensing gha kuguliska vinthu vya mtundu wa Trump.<ref name="Yourish 2025"/> Wakasanganga ndalama kufuma ku vyakuchitika pa mahotelo ghake na pa malo ghake ghakuseŵerako gofu, ndipo wakaŵika yayi usambazi wake mu ''blind trust'', nga umo mapulezidenti ŵanyake ŵakachitiranga.<ref name="Schouten 1232025">{{cite news |last=Schouten |first=Fredreka |date=January 23, 2025 |title='The gloves are off': Trump appears poised to cash in from his presidency in new ways |work=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/23/politics/ethics-business-trump-presidency/index.html}}</ref> Wakachita malonda gha masheya ghanandi chomene mu makampani agho ghakaŵa na malonda ghanandi na boma la federal, ghakukwana mazana ghanandi gha mamiliyoni gha madola mu malonda ghakujumpha masauzandi.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Becket |first1=Stefan |last2=Manthey |first2=Grace |last3=Ingram |first3=Julia |date=June 15, 2026 |title=Explore Trump's 3,600 stock trades from the first 3 months of 2026 |work=[[CBS News]] |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/projects/2026/trump-stock-trades/}}</ref> Trump wakambiska, wakalimbikiska, ndipo wakapindulanga yekha na [[The Trump Organization#Other ventures and investments|ma token ghaŵiri gha cryptocurrency]] ("[[meme coin]]"), [[$Trump]] na $Melania.<ref name="Weissert 1222025">{{cite news |last=Weissert |first=Will |date=January 22, 2025 |title=Trump has canceled Biden's ethics rules. Critics call it the opposite of 'drain the swamp' |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-revokes-ethics-rules-drain-swamp-b8e3ba0f98c9c60af11a8e70cbc902bd |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Suderman |first=Alan |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-crypto-meme-coin-token-75bf67ef9e6e54bf455f2f9f03470be3 |title=Trump promotes new meme coin before taking office on pro-crypto agenda |work=[[AP News]] |date=January 19, 2025 |access-date=May 10, 2025}}</ref> Wakapindulaso na kampani ya cryptocurrency ya mbumba yake ya [[World Liberty Financial]], iyo yikasazga pamoza bizinesi ya munthu yekha na ndondomeko za boma mu nthowa yambura kuchitikapo kale.<ref name="Lipton 04292025">{{cite news |last1=Lipton |first1=Eric |author-link1=Eric Lipton |last2=Yaffe-Ballany |first2=David |last3=Protess |first3=Ben |date=April 29, 2025 |title=Secret Deals, Foreign Investments, Presidential Policy Changes: The Rise of Trump's Crypto Firm |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/29/us/politics/trump-crypto-world-liberty-financial.html |url-access=limited}}</ref> Kufika mu Juni 2026, kuwunika kwa Reuters kukati Trump na mbumba yake ŵakasanga ndalama zakukwana US$2.3 biliyoni kufuma ku mabizinesi ghawo gha crypto, apo ŵakuguliska ŵanyake ŵakataya ndalama zakuyana waka na izi.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bergin |first1=Tom |last2=Conlin |first2=Michelle |last3=Qing |first3=Koh Gui |last4=Wilson |first4=Tom |date=June 9, 2026 |title=Under the Trump crypto playbook, the family always wins. Investors don't |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/investigations/under-trump-crypto-playbook-family-always-wins-investors-dont-2026-06-09/ |url-access=limited}}</ref> ==== Sayansi ==== {{main|2025 United States federal government grant pause}} Trump wakalekeska na kulekeska ndalama za boma (federal grants) ndipo wakachepeska chomene ndalama zakovwira kafukufuku wa sayansi,<ref>{{cite news |last=Casselman |first=Ben |author-link=Ben Casselman |date=March 31, 2025 |title=Trump's Science Policies Pose Long-Term Risk, Economists Warn |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/31/business/economy/trump-research-cutbacks-economy.html |url-access=limited |access-date=April 3, 2025}}</ref> ndipo ŵeruzgi na [[Government Accountability Office]] ŵakasanga kuti vinyake mwa ivyo wakachita vikaŵa vyakususka dango ndiposo vyakususka Dango Likuru la United States.<ref>{{cite news |last=Waldman |first=Annie |date=June 17, 2025 |title=Federal Judge Deems Trump Administration's Termination of NIH Grants Illegal |work=[[ProPublica]] |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-nih-grant-terminations-illegal |access-date=August 16, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Fischler |first=Jacob |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Trump illegally froze 1,800 NIH medical research grants, Congress' watchdog says |work=[[Government Executive]] |url=https://www.govexec.com/oversight/2025/08/trump-illegally-froze-1800-nih-medical-research-grants-congress-watchdog-says/407296/ |access-date=January 24, 2026}}</ref> Trump pamoza na ndondomeko ya boma lake ya [[Make America Healthy Again]] ŵakakhozga maghanoghano ghakususkana na sayansi ([[anti-science]]) kweniso kampeni zakususka katemera ([[anti-vaccine activism]]), ivyo vikapangiska kuti matenda nga whooping cough na measles ghaleke kuchepa ndipo ghambe kusazgikaso.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Michelle R. |last2=Ungar |first2=Laura |date=October 21, 2025 |title=Anti-science bills hit statehouses, stripping away public health protections built over a century |work=[[AP News]] |url=https://apnews.com/article/vaccines-fluoride-kennedy-trump-science-antiscience-legislation-73af8e65f407331e8f31b2909812a004 |access-date=October 22, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sun |first1=Lena H. |last2=Diamond |first2=Dan |date=September 23, 2025 |title=Trump's escalating attacks on vaccines shock public health leaders |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2025/09/23/trump-vaccines-autism-mmr-schedule/ |access-date=October 22, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref> ==== Vinthu vya vyakofya vya charu/ndondomeko ya umoyo ==== Trump wakagwiliskiranga ntchito kulengeza vyakofya vya charu (national emergencies) kuti walongore chifukwa cha kuchitira vinthu vinandi ndiposo kujumpha kuzomerezgeka na Congress panji kuwunikika na mabungwe ghakulaŵilira malango.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yourish |first1=Karen |last2=Smart |first2=Charlie |date=August 22, 2025 |title=How Trump Used 10 Emergency Declarations to Justify Hundreds of Actions |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/08/22/us/politics/trump-emergency-immigration-tariffs-crime.html |access-date=August 23, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mwachiyelezgero, wakalengeza kuti mu charu mukaŵa suzgo la vyamphamvu (national energy emergency), ivyo vikazomerezga kulekeska malango ghakovwira kusungilira chilengiwa, kulekelera malango ghakukhwaskana na kukumba mafuta gha fossil fuel, kweniso kuchepeska mapulojekiti gha magesi ghakufuma ku vyakuthupi vyakuweleraso (renewable energy).<ref>{{cite news |last=Elliott |first=Rebecca F. |title=Oil Companies Embrace Trump, but Not 'Drill, Baby, Drill' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/27/business/energy-environment/oil-trump-drill-baby-drill.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 27, 2025 |access-date=February 16, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Brady |first=Jeff |title=Trump's energy emergency is a gift to fossil fuel firms. It's likely headed to court |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/01/22/nx-s1-5269717/trump-energy-emergency-climate |work=[[NPR News]] |date=January 22, 2025 |access-date=February 16, 2025}}</ref> Mu ulamuliro wake wakwamba, Trump wakafumiska United States mu [[Paris Agreement]] pa nkhani ya kusintha kwa nyengo. [[Presidency of Joe Biden|Joe Biden]] wakaweleramo mu phangano ili mu 2021, kweni Trump wakalifumiskaso charu ichi mu ulamuliro wake wachiŵiri.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Daly |first1=Matthew |last2=Borenstein |first2=Seth |date=January 20, 2025 |title=Trump signs executive order directing US withdrawal from the Paris climate agreement — again |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-paris-agreement-climate-change-788907bb89fe307a964be757313cdfb0 |access-date=January 23, 2025 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref> ==== Vinthu vya mu chikaya ==== Trump wakatimbanga masuzgo gha mu chikaya pa ndondomeko za [[diversity, equity, and inclusion]] (DEI) na maghanoghano gha [[Woke#United States|wokeness]].<ref name="Green250203">{{cite news |last=Green |first=Erica L. |date=February 3, 2025 |title=As Trump Attacks Diversity, a Racist Undercurrent Surfaces |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/03/us/politics/trump-diversity-racism.html |access-date=February 4, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Pakuyaniska kusazgapo ŵanthu ŵamitundu yakupambanapambana na kuleka kumanya ntchito,<ref name="Green250203" /> wakawuskapo ndondomeko za boma la federal zakukhozga kusazgapo ŵanthu ŵamitundu yakupambanapambana.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Green |first1=Erica L. |last2=Aleaziz |first2=Hamed |date=January 22, 2025 |title=Federal Workers Ordered to Report on Colleagues Over D.E.I. Crackdown |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/22/us/politics/trump-order-discrimination-federal-hiring.html |access-date=February 4, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hurley |first=Lawrence |date=February 3, 2025 |title=Under Trump, conservatives reignite a battle over race and the Constitution |work=[[NBC News]] |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-conservatives-reignite-battle-race-constitution-rcna189842 |access-date=February 4, 2025}}</ref> Wakawopsyezgaso mabungwe gha chikhalidwe chifukwa cha nkhani za DEI,<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump's changes to the Smithsonian are the latest in his takeover of the arts |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/03/29/nx-s1-5333720/trumps-changes-to-the-smithsonian-are-the-latest-in-his-takeover-of-the-arts |last1=Blair |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Simon |first2=Scott |author-link2=Scott Simon |date=March 29, 2025 |work=[[NPR News]]}}</ref> kweniso mayunivesite 60 pa nkhani yakuti ghakalephera kulimbana na kususka Ŵayuda (antisemitism),<ref name="WSJed">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/us-news/education/anti-semitism-task-force-who-247c234e |title=The Little-Known Bureaucrats Tearing Through American Universities |last1=Whyte |first1=Liz Essley |last2=Belkin |first2=Douglas |last3=Randazzo |first3=Sara |date=April 14, 2025 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url-access=subscription}}</ref> ndipo wakachichizga makampani gha maloya kuti ghazomerezgane na ndondomeko zake za ndale.<ref name="APfirms">{{cite news |last=Tucker |first=Eric |date=April 11, 2025 |title=Trump reaches deals with 5 law firms, allowing them to avoid prospect of punishing executive orders |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-law-firms-executive-order-fe8f38a61cf77c5bb6add1315f5f96f1 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref> Wakakanizga ŵanthu ŵa transgender kunjira mu ŵasilikari [[Persecution of transgender people under the second Trump administration|kwizira mu malango gha pulezidenti na vinthu vinyake]];<ref>{{cite news |last=Neff |first=Cy |title=US to begin immediate removal of up to 1,000 trans military members |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/may/08/trump-pentagon-trans-military-ban |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=May 9, 2025 |access-date=October 1, 2025}}</ref> wakachepeska panji kulekeska ndalama zakovwira munkhwala wakovwira kusintha thupi mwakukolerana na jenda (gender-affirming healthcare); wakasuska [[inclusive language]];<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yourish |first1=Karen |last2=Daniel |first2=Annie |last3=Datar |first3=Saurabh |last4=White |first4=Isaac |last5=Gamio |first5=Lazaro |title=These Words Are Disappearing in the New Trump Administration |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/03/07/us/trump-federal-agencies-websites-words-dei.html |access-date=September 10, 2025 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 7, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref> wakakanizga vinthu vya kafukufuku na masambiro;<ref>{{cite news |last=Hansford |first=Amelia |date=August 27, 2025 |title=US government orders 46 states to destroy trans education materials |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2025/08/27/trans-education-us-state-directive/ |access-date=September 1, 2025 |work=[[PinkNews]]}}</ref> wakasuzga masukulu, mayunivesite na mabungwe gha chikhalidwe agho boma lake likati ghakukhozga icho likachemanga kuti "gender ideology";<ref name="npr-ideology">{{cite news |last=Kurtzleben |first=Danielle |date=February 7, 2025 |title=Trump's executive actions curbing transgender rights focus on 'gender ideology' |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/02/07/g-s1-46893/trump-anti-trans-rights-executive-action-gender-ideology-confusion |access-date=February 16, 2025 |work=[[NPR News]]}}</ref> wakakanizga ŵaseŵera ŵa transgender kuchita maseŵero, ndipo wakalangura kuti mapasipoti gha United States ghasonyezgenge kugonana uko munthu wakababikira, m'malo mwa jenda ilo wakujimanyiska nalo.<ref>{{cite news |date=November 17, 2025 |last=Harmon |first=Amy |author-link=Amy Harmon |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=New Passport Rule Sends Blunt and Sweeping Message to Trans Americans |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/17/us/transgender-passports-supreme-court.html |access-date=November 19, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref> ==== One Big Beautiful Bill Act ==== {{main|One Big Beautiful Bill Act}} Mu Julayi 2025, Trump wakasaina dango la One Big Beautiful Bill Act kuti liŵe dango la boma. Dango ili likapangiska kuti kuchepeskeka kwa misonkho uko kukapelekeka mwanyengo yichoko waka mu [[Tax Cuts and Jobs Act]] ya 2017 kuŵe kwamuyirayira, ndipo likasazgirapo vinyake vyakuchepeskera misonkho vyakukwana pafupifupi madola thiriliyoni 4.5, ivyo vikawovwira chomene ŵanthu ŵakusanga ndalama zinandi, apo ŵanthu ŵakusanga ndalama zichoko ŵakaghanaghanikanga kuti ŵataye madola 1,600 pa chaka. Dango ili likasazgirako ndalama za kuvikilira charu, kufumiska ŵanthu mu charu (deportations), kuzenga mpanda wa mphaka, kweniso ndondomeko ya Trump ya [[Golden Dome (missile defense system)|Golden Dome]] yakuvikilira charu ku ma missile. Likafumiskapo ndalama zakuwelera misonkho (tax credits) pa magesi ghakufuma ku mphepo na dazi kweniso kwa ŵanthu awo ŵakugura magalimoto gha magetsi. Dango ili likachepeskaso ndalama za [[Medicaid]] na [[Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program|SNAP]], ndipo likasazgirapo mphango zinyake zakuti munthu waŵe wakwenelera kupokera wovwiri, kweniso malipiro gha madola 35 pa mauteŵeti ghanyake gha Medicaid. Kuchepeska ndalama na mphango ziphya izi vikeneranga kwamba kugwira ntchito pamanyuma pa visola vya charu chose vya 2026. [[Congressional Budget Office]] yikaghanaghana kuti dango ili lisazgirenge ngongoli ya boma na madola thiriliyoni 3.4 kufika mu 2034, ŵanthu mamiliyoni 11.8 ŵataye wovwiri wa Medicaid, ndipo ŵanthu mamiliyoni 3 ŵalekenge kupokera wovwiri wa SNAP.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Freking |first1=Kevin |last2=Mascaro |first2=Lisa |url=https://apnews.com/article/what-is-republican-trump-tax-bill-f65be44e1050431a601320197322551b |title=What's in the tax and spending bill that Trump has signed into law |work=[[AP News]] |date=July 3, 2025 |access-date=July 12, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Romm |first1=Tony |last2=Duehren |first2=Andrew |last3=Sanger-Katz |first3=Margot |last4=Plumer |first4=Brad |last5=Wood |first5=Daniel |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/02/us/politics/tax-cuts-benefit-cuts.html |title=Tax Cuts Now, Benefit Cuts Later: The Timeline in the Republican Megabill |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 2, 2025 |access-date=July 12, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref> === Kusamukira mu charu (2025–sono) === {{main|Ndondomeko ya kusamukira mu charu ya boma lachiŵiri la Trump|Kufumiska ŵanthu mu charu mu boma lachiŵiri la Trump}} {{further|Mexico–United States border crisis#Second Trump administration (2025–present)|Mexico–United States border wall#Second Trump administration (2025–present)|Visa and deportation controversies in the second Trump administration}} Mu mazuŵa ghakwambilira gha ulamuliro wake, Trump wakalangura ŵantchito ŵa Border Patrol kuti ŵafumiskenge mwaluŵiro ŵanthu awo ŵakanjiranga mu charu mwambura kuzomerezgeka kwizira pa mphaka, ndipo wakaleka kugwiliskira ntchito pulogiramu ya [[CBP One]] iyo yikagwiliskirikanga ntchito pakunozga nyengo yakujumphira pa mphaka. Trump wakawelereskaso ndondomeko ya [[Remain in Mexico]], wakachema magulu gha ŵanthu ŵakuchita malonda gha munkhwala wakuzweteska bongo kuti ni magulu gha uchigeŵenga (terrorist groups), ndipo wakalangura kuti ntchito yakuzenga mpanda wa pa mphaka yiyambeso.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bustillo |first=Ximena |title=Trump signs sweeping actions on immigration and border security on Day 1 |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/01/20/g-s1-43650/trump-inauguration-day-one-immigration |work=[[NPR News]] |date=January 20, 2025 |access-date=February 16, 2025}}</ref><ref name="Cbsjan28">{{cite news |last=Montoya-Galvez |first=Camilo |title=Trump's sweeping immigration crackdown targets some legal means to enter U.S., too |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-migrants-crackdown-legal-immigration/ |website=[[CBS News]] |date=January 28, 2025 |access-date=February 16, 2025}}</ref> Wakafumiskaso udindo wa parole wa ŵanthu awo ŵakanjira mu United States kwizira mu CBP One, ndipo wakamalizga [[Parole for Cubans, Haitians, Nicaraguans, and Venezuelans|humanitarian parole]] ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Cuba, Haiti na Nicaragua.<ref name="Cbsjan28" /> Mu Malichi 2025, wakagwiliskira ntchito [[Alien Enemies Act]] ya 1798 kuti [[March 2025 American deportations of Venezuelans|wafumiske ŵanthu ŵakusama mu charu kwambura kuŵeruzgika]], kuti ŵakakakike ku [[Terrorism Confinement Center]] ku El Salvador.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Renteria |first1=Nelson |last2=O'Boyle |first2=Brendan |last3=Cortes |first3=Raul |date=March 20, 2025 |title=Explainer: What is El Salvador's mega-prison holding Venezuelans deported from the US? |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/what-is-el-salvadors-mega-prison-that-could-take-us-criminals-2025-02-04/ |work=[[Reuters]] |access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Trump wakasuzga ŵanthu ŵakachitanga kampeni, ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu charu mwakuzomerezgeka, ŵalendo kweniso ŵasambiri awo ŵakaŵa na visa ndipo ŵakasuskanga ndondomeko zake panji ŵakakhozganga nkhani ya Palestine.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kanno-Youngs |first1=Zolan |author-link1=Zolan Kanno-Youngs |last2=Pager |first2=Tyler |last3=Aleaziz |first3=Hamed |date=March 21, 2025 |title=As Trump Broadens Crackdown, Focus Expands to Legal Immigrants and Tourists |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/21/us/politics/trump-immigration-visa-crackdown.html |access-date=March 29, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa ku America nawo ŵakakakika na kufumiskika mu charu.<ref>{{cite news |last=Danner |first=Chas |date=May 3, 2025 |title=All the U.S. Citizens Who've Been Caught Up in Trump's Immigration Crackdown |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/tracking-us-citizens-children-detained-deported-ice-trump-updates.html |access-date=May 4, 2025 |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]}}</ref> Kampeni yake yakufumiska ŵanthu mu charu mwankhongono yikapangiska viwoneskero vikuru mu charu chose kweniso nkhondo pakati pa ŵanthu ŵakusama mu charu, ŵawoneskeri na ŵalara ŵa boma. Vinthu ivi vikakura chomene pamanyuma pakuti ŵalara ŵa boma ŵakakoma ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa ku America mu [[Operation Metro Surge]] mu Janyuwale 2026.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hesson |first1=Ted |last2=Cooke |first2=Kristina |date=January 10, 2026 |title=Trump's showy immigration enforcement leads to violent confrontations |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trumps-showy-immigration-enforcement-leads-violent-confrontations-2026-01-10/ |access-date=January 31, 2026 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Sonia A. |last2=Mayorquín |first2=Orlando |last3=Schweber |first3=Nate |last4=Watkins |first4=Rhianwen |last5=Bonamo |first5=Mark |date=January 30, 2026 |title=Protesters Denounce Trump Immigration Tactics in 'National Shutdown' |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/30/us/minnesota-ice-protests-trump-immigration.html |access-date=January 31, 2026 |url-access=limited}}</ref> === Ndondomeko za vyaru vinyake (2025–sono) === {{main|Ndondomeko za vyaru vinyake za boma lachiŵiri la Trump}} {{further|Misonkho ya katundu mu boma lachiŵiri la Trump|Nkhondo ya malonda pakati pa China na United States|Nkhondo ya malonda ya United States na Canada na Mexico ya 2025–2026|Kukhumba kusazgirako charu cha America mu nyengo ya Donald Trump|Nkhondo ya Iran ya 2026}} Ndondomeko za vyaru vinyake za Trump mu ulamuliro wake wachiŵiri zikulongosoreka kuti zikaŵa zakukhumba kusazgirako malo gha United States (expansionism) kweniso za ufumu wa America (imperialism).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Colvin |first1=Jill |last2=Gillies |first2=Rob |date=January 9, 2025 |title=Trump, the 'America First' candidate, has a new preoccupation: Imperialism |work=[[AP News]] |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-imperialism-canada-panama-greenland-b4b53445dee97398b498b79eab54d49b |access-date=January 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Erlanger |first=Steven |author-link=Steven Erlanger |date=January 7, 2026 |title=Europe and Rest of World Try to Come to Terms With Trump the Imperialist |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/07/world/europe/trump-venezuela-greenland-ukraine-europe.html |access-date=January 19, 2026 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Boma lake likatemwa kugwiliskira ntchito nkhongono za nkhondo (hard power) kuti lifiske ndondomeko yake ya [[America First]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Baker (journalist) |date=February 2, 2025 |title=Trump Favors Blunt Force in Dealing With Foreign Allies and Enemies Alike |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/02/us/politics/trump-tariffs-migrants-power.html |access-date=September 7, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref> ndipo likaparanya panji kuleka kovwira mabungwe gha mu charu na gha pa charu chose agho ghakakhumbanga kukhozga [[soft power]] ya America.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hvistendahl |first=Mar |date=July 23, 2025 |title=China Flexes Muscles at U.N. Cultural Agency, Just as Trump Walks Away |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/23/world/asia/unesco-china-us.html |access-date=September 7, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Basu |first1=Zachary |last2=Lawler |first2=Dave |date=July 17, 2025 |title=Trump's soft-power retreat scrambles U.S.-China race |website=[[Axios (website)|Axios]] |url=https://www.axios.com/2025/07/17/trump-china-retreat-soft-power |access-date=September 7, 2025}}</ref> Ubwezi wa Trump na vyaru ivyo vikukolerana na United States ukaŵa wakwendera pa ivyo wangasanga, ndipo nyengo zinyake wakalongoranga kuleka kupwerera panji uchinkho kwa ŵabwezi ŵa America, apo wakapenjanga ubwezi uwemi na vyaru vinyake ivyo vikawonekanga nga mbalwani ŵa United States.<ref>{{cite news |last=Erlanger |first=Steven |author-link=Steven Erlanger |date=February 27, 2025 |title=Indifference or Hostility? Trump's View of European Allies Raises Alarm |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/27/world/europe/trump-eu-allies.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=February 28, 2025}}</ref> [[File:President Trump and Ukrainian President Zelenskyy in Oval Office, Feb. 28, 2025.webm|thumb|thumbtime=43:14|Ungano wa Trump na [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]], Febuluwale 2025]] Mu Febuluwale 2025, Trump pamoza na Vice President Vance [[2025 Trump–Zelenskyy Oval Office meeting|ŵakasuska chomene pulezidenti wa Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] pa ungano uwo ukawoneskeka pa TV ndipo ukaŵa wakukangana chomene. Mabungwe gha nkhani ghakati uwu ukaŵa ukali wakwamba kuwonekera pakweru pakati pa pulezidenti wa United States na mutu wa boma la charu chinyake.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Liptak |first1=Kevin |last2=Zeleny |first2=Jeff |author-link2=Jeff Zeleny |last3=Maher |first3=Kit |last4=Collins |first4=Kaitlan |author-link4=Kaitlan Collins |date=February 28, 2025 |title=Trump and Vance erupt at Zelensky in tense Oval Office meeting |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/02/28/politics/trump-zelensky-vance-oval-office/index.html |access-date=March 20, 2025 |work=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=De Luce |first1=Dan |date=March 1, 2025 |title=Trump-Zelenskyy clash marks a defining turn away from U.S. defense of democracies |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/trump-zelenskyy-clash-marks-defining-turn-away-us-defense-democracies-rcna193975 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |work=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> Ndondomeko za chuma za Trump zikulongosoreka kuti zikaŵa za kukhozga katundu wa mu charu (protectionism), ndipo wakakhazikiska misonkho ya katundu (tariffs) ku vyaru vinandi, kusazgapo China, Canada na Mexico, awo mbabwezi ŵakuru ŵa malonda ŵa United States.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Swanson |first1=Ana |last2=Austen |first2=Ian |last3=Romero |first3=Simon |author-link3=Simon Romero |title=Trump's Tariffs on Canada, Mexico and China Snap Into Effect |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/04/business/economy/trump-tariffs-canada-mexico-china.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=March 4, 2025 |date=March 4, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Wakambiska nkhondo ya malonda pa charu chose, ndipo wakakhazikiska misonkho ya katundu yakukwera chomene kuluska iyo yikawonekanga kufuma pa nyengo ya [[Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act]] ya 1930, apo [[Great Depression]] yikambanga.<ref>{{cite news |last=Goldman |first=David |date=August 1, 2025 |title=Trump's new tariffs have no precedent in the modern era |work=[[CNN]] |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/08/01/economy/tariff-policy-trump-trade |access-date=August 8, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Romm |first=Tony |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/07/business/economy/trump-tariffs-trade-war.html |title=Staggering U.S. Tariffs Begin as Trump Widens Trade War |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 7, 2025 |access-date=August 9, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mu Febuluwale 2026, Khoti Likuru la United States likadumura kuti misonkho iyo wakakhazikiska pasi pa [[International Emergency Economic Powers Act]] yikaŵa yakususkana na dango.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fritze |first1=John |last2=Cole |first2=Devan |last3=Buchwald |first3=Elizabeth |last4=Sneed |first4=Tierney Sneed |title=Supreme Court rules that Trump's sweeping emergency tariffs are illegal |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/02/20/politics/supreme-court-tariffs |work=[[CNN]] |date=February 20, 2026 |access-date=February 20, 2026}}</ref> Trump kanandi wakawopsyezganga panji kukhazikiska misonkho ku vyaru ivyo vikaŵa pa mapangano na United States chifukwa chakuti vikasuskanga vilato vyake vya ndale.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wong |first1=Edward |author-link1=Edward Wong |last2=Pierson |first2=David |date=July 11, 2025 |title=Rubio and China's Top Envoy Vie for Influence in Asia Over Trump's Tariffs |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/11/us/politics/china-us-asia-tariffs.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=November 24, 2025 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Boak |first1=Josh |last2=Burrows |first2=Emma |last3=Niemann |first3=Daniel |date=January 17, 2026 |title=Trump says 8 European countries will face 10% tariff for opposing US control of Greenland |url=https://apnews.com/article/denmark-greenland-us-trump-4ad99ea3975a8b62d37bd04961feda55 |access-date=January 19, 2026 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref> Ku Latin America, Trump wakachita nkhondo zakususkika na malango gha pa charu chose pa maboti agho wakatenge ghakaŵa gha ŵakwendeska munkhwala wakuzweteska bongo mu nyanja za pa charu chose,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Woodward |first1=Alex |date=September 3, 2025 |title=Trump's Venezuelan boat violated international law, experts warn |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-venezuela-drug-boat-attack-video-b2819566.html |access-date=September 3, 2025 |newspaper=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> ndipo wakalanguraso kuti ŵasilikali ŵanandi ŵatumike mu chigaŵa cha Caribbean.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chávez |first1=Steve |last2=Stott |first2=Michael |title=US naval build-up near Venezuela stokes tensions in Latin America |url=https://www.ft.com/content/50db68c8-59d2-4a2a-b2c3-7c8c88237763 |access-date=September 5, 2025 |newspaper=[[Financial Times]] |date=August 28, 2025 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Novembala 2025, Trump wakagowokera pulezidenti wakale wa Honduras [[Juan Orlando Hernández]], uyo wakatumizgika ku United States mu 2022 ndipo wakakeruzgika vyaka 45 chifukwa cha munkhwala wakuzweteska bongo. Mu Janyuwale 2026, ŵasilikari ŵa United States ŵakakora pulezidenti wa Venezuela [[Nicolás Maduro]] mu [[2026 United States strikes in Venezuela#Capture of Maduro|nkhondo ya ŵasilikari mu Venezuela]] na kumutolera ku New York uko wakasuskika na mulandu wa munkhwala wakuzweteska bongo.<ref>{{cite news |last=Downs |first=Garrett |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2026/01/04/trump-venezuela-maduro-pardon-honduras.html |title=Trump admin pressed on pardon for ex-Honduras president after Venezuela's Maduro snatched |work=[[CNBC]] |date=January 4, 2026 |access-date=January 6, 2026}}</ref> Mu 2025, Trump [[Greenland crisis|wakawopsyezga kutora Greenland]], kusazgapo kugwiliskira ntchito ŵasilikari panji kukhazikiska misonkho ku vyaru vya ku Europe. Mu Janyuwale 2026, wakawoneka nga waleka mawopsyezgo agha ghaŵiri, wakati wafiska "ndondomeko yakwamba ya phangano la munthazi" na NATO.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jakes |first1=Lara |last2=Tankersley |first2=Jim |last3=Kanno-Youngs |first3=Zolan |author-link3=Zolan Kanno-Youngs |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/21/us/politics/trump-greenland-threats-diplomacy-force.html |title=Trump Says He Has Framework for Greenland Deal as NATO Mulls Idea of U.S. Sovereignty Over Bases |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 21, 2026 |access-date=February 4, 2026}}</ref> ==== Nkhondo za ku Middle East ==== {{main|Nkhondo za ku Middle East mu boma lachiŵiri la Trump}} Trump wakalutilira kukhozga Israel ndipo wakalutiliraso [[United States support for Israel in the Gaza war|kovwira Israel pa nkhondo ya ku Gaza]].{{cite news |title=Trump wants Jordan and Egypt to accept more Palestinian refugees and floats plan to 'clean out' Gaza |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-biden-israel-bomb-gaza-hamas-war-023b36984c6116c128b5e47f117bba2a |work=[[AP News]] |date=January 26, 2025 |access-date=December 26, 2025}} Kwambira Malichi mpaka Meyi 2025, Trump [[March–May 2025 United States attacks in Yemen|wakalongozga nkhondo yikuru ya ndege za nkhondo]] kulimbana na malo gha [[Houthis|ŵaHouthi]] mu Yemen, iyo yikaŵa ntchito yake yakwamba yikuru ya nkhondo ku Middle East mu nyengo yake yachiŵiri ya ulamuliro.{{cite news |last1=Schmitt |first1=Eric |last2=Wong |first2=Edward |last3=Ismay |first3=John |date=April 4, 2025 |title=U.S. Strikes in Yemen Burning Through Munitions With Limited Success |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/04/us/politics/us-strikes-yemen-houthis.html |access-date=March 22, 2026 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}} Mu Juni 2025, Trump wakakolerana na Israel pa [[Twelve-Day War|Nkhondo ya Mazuŵa 12]] na Iran, ndipo wakalangura kuti ndege za nkhondo za United States [[2025 United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites|zibombe malo gha nyukiliya gha Iran]].{{cite news |last=Magid |first=Jacob |title=US bombs Fordo, 2 other nuclear facilities, joining Israel's war in Iran |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-strikes-irans-elusive-fordo-facility-joining-israels-fight-against-nuclear-program/ |access-date=June 22, 2025 |newspaper=[[The Times of Israel]] |date=June 22, 2025}} [[Gaza peace plan|Ndondomeko yake ya mtende ku Gaza]] pakati pa Israel na [[Hamas]] yikasainika mu Okutobala 2025, ndipo yikapangiska kukhazikiskika kwa [[Board of Peace]].{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-hamas-agree-gaza-ceasefire-return-hostages-2025-10-09/ |title=Gazans trek to ruined homes as Israeli forces pull back under ceasefire |last1=Lubell |first1=Maayan |last2=Al-Mughrabi |first2=Nidal |work=[[Reuters]] |date=October 9, 2025 |access-date=October 9, 2025 |url-access=limited}} Mu Febuluwale 2026, Trump wakazomerezga kuti ndege za nkhondo za United States na Israel zichite pamoza nkhondo yakuwukira Iran, ivyo vikayambiska [[2026 Iran war|Nkhondo ya Iran ya 2026]] ndipo vikapangiska kukomeka kwa mulongozgi mukuru wa Iran [[Ali Khamenei]].{{cite news |last=Sanger |first=David E. |author-link=David E. Sanger |date=February 28, 2026 |title=For Trump, the Iran Attack Is the Ultimate War of Choice |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/28/us/politics/trump-iran-attack.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=February 28, 2026}}{{cite news |last1=Holm |first1=Phil |last2=Jarrett |first2=Will |last3=Vineys |first3=Kevin |title=The US-Israeli war with Iran in maps, graphics and images |url=https://apnews.com/photo-gallery/iran-us-israel-war-conflict-gulf-visuals-8fc2192e3c05d30fd7dad5b18b9743b7 |work=[[AP News]] |date=March 3, 2026 |access-date=March 4, 2026}} Mu nyengo ya nkhondo iyi, Trump na boma lake ŵakapereka mafumbo ghakupambanapambana kweniso ghambura kukolerana pa chifukwa icho ŵakayambira [[Rationale for the 2026 Iran war|nkhondo iyi]].{{cite news |url=https://www.spiegel.de/ausland/donald-trump-und-der-iran-krieg-praesident-siegessicher-kriegsziel-unbekannt-a-2df3b848-6ade-4cbb-a4c7-45ed6738fe63 |title=(S+) Trump und Iran: Präsident siegessicher, Kriegsziel unbekannt |language=de |trans-title=(S+) Trump and Iran: President confident of victory, war aim unknown |first=Alexander |last=Sarovic |date=March 11, 2026 |work=[[Der Spiegel]]}} Pa Epulero 8, 2026, ŵakazomerezgana kulekeska nkhondo kwa nyengo yichoko waka. Ndipouli, [[Strait of Hormuz]] yikalutilira kujalika, ndipo magulu ghose ghaŵiri ghakalutilira kuwukirananga nyengo na nyengo apo kudumbiskana kwakupambanapambana kukatondeka kufiska phangano la mtende.{{cite news |last=Faguy |first=Ana |title=Trump seeking edits to US-Iran deal, US media report |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c1w2xve315do |date=May 31, 2026 |access-date=June 1, 2026 |work=[[BBC News]]}}{{cite news |last=Aikman |first=Ian |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4g44yl7q70o |title=Iran condemns US strikes as 'gross violation' of ceasefire |work=[[BBC News]] |date=May 26, 2026 |access-date=June 1, 2026}} === Mazgu, nkharo na umo wakachitiranga ndale === {{main|Maghanoghano gha ndale gha Donald Trump|Mazgu gha Donald Trump}} Kwambira apo wakambanga kukhozga [[birther]] maungano gha maghanoghano ghambura ukaboni mu vyaka vya m'ma 2010, Trump wakawovwira kuti maghanoghano na mabungwe gha kuumaliro kwa woko lamanja agho ghakaŵa ghambura kumanyikwa ghambeso kumanyikwa chomene.{{refn| {{cite news |last=Bierman |first=Noah |date=August 22, 2016 |title=Donald Trump helps bring far-right media's edgier elements into the mainstream |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-media-20160820-snap-story.html |access-date=October 7, 2021}} {{cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Baker (journalist) |date=December 1, 2022 |title=Trump Embraces Extremism as He Seeks to Reclaim Office |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/01/us/politics/trump-extremism-candidacy.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 20, 2025}} {{cite news |last=Oreskes |first=Benjamin |date=May 23, 2024 |title=Trump and GOP repeatedly echo Nazi and far-right ideology as they aim to retake White House |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2024-05-23/trump-gop-nazi-presidential-election-politics |access-date=July 27, 2025 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}} {{cite news |last1=Swenson |first1=Ali |last2=Kunzelman |first2=Michael |date=November 18, 2023 |title=Fears of political violence are growing as the 2024 campaign heats up and conspiracy theories evolve |work=[[AP News]] |url=https://apnews.com/article/depape-paul-pelosi-qanon-conspiracy-theories-violence-390ad310fa34b0edb925d88540a7ddcd |access-date=January 20, 2025}} }} Gulu la [[alt-right]] likawungana na kukhozga kampeni yake ya visolai, chomenechomene chifukwa cha [[opposition to multiculturalism|kususka chikhalidwe cha mitundu yinandi]] na [[Opposition to immigration|kususka ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake]].{{cite news |last=Weigel |first=David |date=August 20, 2016 |title='Racialists' are cheered by Trump's latest strategy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/racial-realists-are-cheered-by-trumps-latest-strategy/2016/08/20/cd71e858-6636-11e6-96c0-37533479f3f5_story.html |access-date=January 9, 2026 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}{{cite news |last=Pearce |first=Matt |date=September 30, 2020 |title=Q&A: What is President Trump's relationship with far-right and white supremacist groups? |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2020-09-30/la-na-pol-2020-trump-white-supremacy |access-date=January 12, 2026 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}{{cite news |last=Krieg |first=Gregory |date=August 25, 2016 |title=Clinton is attacking the 'Alt-Right'– What is it? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/08/25/politics/alt-right-explained-hillary-clinton-donald-trump |access-date=January 9, 2026 |website=[[CNN]]}} Mu kampeni yake ya visolai ya 2016, ndale na mazgu gha Trump vikapangiska kuti paŵe [[political movement|gulu la ndale]] lakumanyikwa kuti [[Trumpism]].{{cite news |last=O'Brien |first=Timothy L. |author-link=Timothy L. O'Brien |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-11-01/trumpism-has-deep-roots-in-american-history-and-it-will-outlast-trump |title=The Peculiarly American Roots of Trumpism |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=November 1, 2024 |access-date=November 26, 2024 |url-access=limited}} Gulu ili [[Trumpism#Cult of personality|likuyaniskika na kusopa munthu yumoza]].{{refn| {{cite journal |last=Sundahl |first=Anne-Mette Holmgård |title=Personality Cult or a Mere Matter of Popularity? |journal=[[International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society]] |volume=36 |issue=4 |date=May 4, 2022 |pages=431–458 |doi=10.1007/s10767-022-09423-0 |pmid=35528318 |pmc=9066393}} {{cite journal |last1=Goldsmith |first1=Benajmin E. |last2=Moen |first2=Lars J. K. |date=May 14, 2024 |title=The personality of a personality cult? Personality characteristics of Donald Trump's most loyal supporters |journal=[[Political Psychology]] |volume=46 |issue=Special Issue |pages=225–243 |issn=0162-895X |doi=10.1111/pops.12991 |doi-access=free |hdl=1885/733752725 |hdl-access=free}} {{cite journal |last1=Adams |first1=Kenneth Alan |date=Spring 2021 |title=The Trump Death Cult |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/c5d4601ebe8dcb232f9ab2965e900d70/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=35407 |journal=[[Journal of Psychohistory]] |volume=48 |issue=4 |access-date=February 22, 2026 |pages=256–276 |issn=0145-3378}} {{cite journal |last1=Diamond |first1=Michael J. |date=February 22, 2023 |title=Perverted Containment: Trumpism, Cult Creation, and the Rise of Destructive American Populism |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07351690.2023.2163147 |journal=Psychoanalytic Inquiry |volume=43 |issue=2 |access-date=February 22, 2026 |pages=96–109 |issn=0735-1690 |doi=10.1080/07351690.2023.2163147 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |url-access=subscription}} {{cite journal |last1=Reyes |first1=Antonio |date=May 4, 2020 |title=I, Trump The cult of personality, anti-intellectualism and the Post-Truth era |url=https://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/jlp.20002.rey |journal=Journal of Language and Politics |volume=19 |issue=6 |access-date=February 22, 2026 |pages=869–892 |issn=1569-2159 |doi=10.1075/jlp.20002.rey |url-access=subscription}} }} Maghanoghano ghake gha ndale ghakulongosoreka kuti ngakhe [[populist]]{{sfn|Ross|2024|p=298}}{{sfn|Urbinati|2019}} panji [[right-wing populist]]{{sfn|Campani|Concepción|Soler|Savín|2022}}.{{cite news |last=Chotiner |first=Isaac |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/redefining-populism |title=Redefining Populism |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=July 29, 2021 |access-date=October 14, 2021}} Wakakhozgaso kuti pulezidenti waŵe na mazaza ghanandi mwakuyowoya kuti [[unitary executive theory]] yikupereka mazaza agha.{{cite news |last=Savage |first=Charlie |author-link=Charlie Savage (journalist) |date=January 22, 2025 |title=Trump Seeks to Paralyze Independent Privacy and Civil Liberties Watchdog |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/22/us/trump-privacy-civil-liberties-oversight-board.html |access-date=January 25, 2025}}{{cite news |last=Savage |first=Charlie |author-link=Charlie Savage (journalist) |date=January 22, 2025 |title=How Trump Is Pushing at Limits of Presidential Power in Early Orders |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/22/us/politics/trump-executive-orders.html |access-date=January 28, 2025}} Vinthu vinandi ivyo Trump wakachitanga na mazgu ghake vikalongosoreka kuti vya [[authoritarianism|ulamuliro wa nkhongono]] ndipo vikawovwira ku [[Democratic backsliding in the United States|kuchepa kwa demokilase mu United States]],{{sfn|Parker|Towler|2019|p=505; 513}}{{sfn|Kaufman|Haggard|2019}}{{sfn|Ross|2024|p=300|loc="Donald Trump is broadly seen as posing an existential threat to American democracy."}} kweniso kukhazikiska fundo ya [[In-group and out-group|"ise" kulimbana na "iwo"]].{{sfn|Ross|2024|p=299}} Mazgu ghake ghakulongosorekaso kuti ghakagwiliskiranga ntchito [[fearmongering]] na [[demagogy]], ndipo [[Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign#Fearmongering|vikasazgikira chomene mu kampeni yake ya visolai ya 2024]].{{cite news |last=Haberman |first=Maggie |author-link=Maggie Haberman |date=September 11, 2024 |title='The End of Our Country': Trump Paints Dark Picture at Debate |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/11/us/politics/trump-debate-dark-picture.html |access-date=September 25, 2024 |url-access=limited}} Wakupenja wovwiri wa [[Trumpism#Christian Trumpism|Ŵakhristu ŵa Evangelical]] na [[Christian nationalism in the United States|ŵakukhozga Chikhristu nga ni maziko gha charu]],{{sfn|Perry|Whitehead|Grubbs|2021|p=229|loc=Christian nationalist ideology was among the strongest predictors of Americans voting for Trump in 2016 and remained a strong predictor of intent to vote for him prior to the 2020 election}}{{cite news |date=May 18, 2024 |title=Jesus is their savior, Trump is their candidate. Ex-president's backers say he shares faith, values |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-christian-evangelicals-conservatives-2024-election-43f25118c133170c77786daf316821c3 |access-date=January 9, 2026 |work=[[AP News]]}} ndipo kanandi wakachemanga ŵalwani ŵake ŵandale kuti "ŵaheni".{{cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Baker (journalist) |date=July 16, 2025 |title=For Trump, Domestic Adversaries Are Not Just Wrong, They Are 'Evil' |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/16/us/politics/trump-political-enemies-evil.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 9, 2026}} === Mitundu na jenda === {{main|Maghanoghano gha Donald Trump pa mtundu}} Mazgu ghanandi na ivyo Trump wachita vikulongosoreka na ŵanthu ŵanandi kuti vikaŵa vya kusankhana mitundu (racist).<ref> * {{cite journal|last=Logan|first=Enid|title=The 2024 US presidential election & the politics of race: responding to a moment of crisis with analysis, insight & action|journal=Ethnic and Racial Studies|volume=48|issue=15|date=2025|pages=2953–2970|doi=10.1080/01419870.2025.2524023}} * {{cite journal|last=Cadena|first=Roger S.|title=Beyond puzzlement: rethinking Latino conservatives' politics of race, ethnicity, and immigration in the Trump era|journal=Ethnic and Racial Studies|volume=48|issue=15|date=2025|pages=3037–3058|doi=10.1080/01419870.2025.2504613}} * {{cite news|last=Lopez|first=German|date=February 14, 2019|title=Donald Trump's long history of racism, from the 1970s to 2019|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/7/25/12270880/donald-trump-racist-racism-history|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|access-date=June 15, 2019}} * {{cite news|last=Desjardins|first=Lisa|author-link=Lisa Desjardins|date=January 12, 2018|title=Every moment in Trump's charged relationship with race|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/every-moment-donald-trumps-long-complicated-history-race|work=[[PBS NewsHour]]|access-date=January 13, 2018}} * {{cite news|last=Dawsey|first=Josh|author-link=Josh Dawsey|date=January 11, 2018|title=Trump's history of making offensive comments about nonwhite immigrants|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-attacks-protections-for-immigrants-from-shithole-countries-in-oval-office-meeting/2018/01/11/bfc0725c-f711-11e7-91af-31ac729add94_story.html|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url-access=limited|access-date=January 11, 2018}} * {{cite news|last=Weaver|first=Aubree Eliza|date=January 12, 2018|title=Trump's 'shithole' comment denounced across the globe|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2018/01/12/trump-shithole-comment-reaction-337926|work=[[Politico]]|ref={{harvid|Weaver|2018b}}|access-date=January 13, 2018}} * {{cite news|last1=Stoddard|first1=Ed|last2=Mfula|first2=Chris|date=January 12, 2018|title=Africa calls Trump racist after 'shithole' remark|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-immigration-reaction/africa-calls-trump-racist-after-shithole-remark-idUSKBN1F11VC|work=[[Reuters]]|url-access=limited|access-date=October 1, 2019}} </ref> Kafukufuku na mafumbo ghanandi vikulongora kuti maghanoghano gha kusankhana mitundu ndigho ghakawovwira chomene kuti Trump waŵe wakutchuka pa ndale, ndipo ghakaŵa ghankhongono kuluska nkhani za chuma pakulongosora chifukwa icho ŵanthu ŵakamuvotera.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lopez|first=German|date=December 15, 2017|title=The past year of research has made it very clear: Trump won because of racial resentment|url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/12/15/16781222/trump-racism-economic-anxiety-study|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|access-date=January 14, 2018}}</ref> Kanandi Trump wakuyowoya mazgu ghakuyuyura ŵanthu ŵa mitundu, visopa na mafuko ghanyake,{{sfn|Stephens-Dougan|2021|p=302}} ndipo ŵasambiri ŵakusanga nyengo zose kuti maghanoghano gha kusankhana mitundu na ghakususkana na Chisilamu ([[Islamophobia]]) pa ŵanthu ŵafipa, ŵakwiza kufuma ku vyaru vinyake, na Ŵasilamu, ni vimanyikwiro vyankhongono vya ŵanthu awo ŵakumovwira Trump.{{sfn|Lajevardi|Oskooii|2018}}{{sfn|Berman|2021|p=76}} Trump wakasuskika kuti wakachitanga vya kusankhana mitundu<ref>{{cite news|last=Grenoble|first=Ryan|date=September 11, 2024|title=Trump Defends One Of The Most Blatantly Racist Moments From His Past|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/donald-trump-central-park-five-presidential-debate_n_66e1a7c2e4b0e13c292dccad|work=[[HuffPost]]}}</ref> chifukwa cha kulemba malonda gha mu manyuzipepala ghakuru na kukhozga kuti ŵawukirano ŵankhondi ŵafipa na ŵa Latino ŵakaŵa na mulandu wakukolelera mwanakazi muzungu mu mulandu wa [[Central Park jogger case]] wa 1989, nangauli ŵakafwatulika ku mulandu uwo mu 2002.<ref>{{cite news|last=Diaz|first=Jaclyn|date=October 21, 2024|title=The Central Park 5 are suing Trump over Philly debate comments|url=https://www.npr.org/2024/09/11/nx-s1-5108632/central-park-five-trump-debate|work=[[NPR News]]|access-date=November 27, 2024}}</ref> Mazgu gha Trump pa [[Unite the Right rally]] mu 2017, apo wakasuska "kuwoneska kwa nkhaza, kutinkhana na kusankhana uku kufuma ku vigaŵa vyose" ndipo wakati pakaŵa "ŵanthu ŵawemi ku vigaŵa vyose viŵiri", ghakasuskika chifukwa ghakawoneka nga ghakuyana waka ŵakususkira [[white supremacist]] na ŵakususkana nawo.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kessler|first=Glenn|author-link=Glenn Kessler (journalist)|date=May 8, 2020|title=The 'very fine people' at Charlottesville: Who were they?|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/05/08/very-fine-people-charlottesville-who-were-they-2/|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url-access=limited|access-date=October 23, 2021}}</ref> Mu Janyuwale 2018, pa kudumbiskana vya malango gha ŵakwiza kufuma ku vyaru vinyake, wakuti wakachema El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras na vyaru vya ku Africa kuti ni "shithole countries",<ref>{{cite news|last=Beauchamp|first=Zack|date=January 11, 2018|title=Trump's "shithole countries" comment exposes the core of Trumpism|url=https://www.vox.com/2018/1/11/16880804/trump-shithole-countries-racism|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|access-date=January 11, 2018}}</ref> ndipo mazgu agha ghakasuskika kuti ghakaŵa gha kusankhana mitundu.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wintour|first1=Patrick|author-link1=Patrick Wintour|last2=Burke|first2=Jason|author-link2=Jason Burke|last3=Livsey|first3=Anna|date=January 13, 2018|title='There's no other word but racist': Trump's global rebuke for 'shithole' remark|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jan/12/unkind-divisive-elitist-international-outcry-over-trumps-shithole-countries-remark|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=January 13, 2018}}</ref> Mu Julayi 2019, [[United States House of Representatives]] yikadumura chisankho chakususka Trump chifukwa cha mazgu agho wakayowoya pa ŵakwendeska ŵanakazi ŵanayi ŵa chipani cha Democratic awo ŵakaŵa ŵa mafuko ghachoko.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mak|first=Tim|author-link=Tim Mak|date=July 16, 2019|title=House Votes To Condemn Trump's 'Racist Comments'|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/16/742236610/condemnation-of-president-delayed-by-debate-can-lawmakers-call-trump-tweets-raci|work=[[NPR News]]|access-date=July 17, 2019}}</ref> Kampeni yake ya 2024 yikagwiliskira ntchito chomene mazgu ghakuyuyura ŵanthu (dehumanizing language) na [[racial stereotype|vikozgo vya mtundu]].<ref> * {{cite news|last1=Shear|first1=Michael D.|author-link1=Michael D. Shear|last2=Aleaziz|first2=Hamed|last3=Ulloa|first3=Jazmine|date=September 11, 2024|title=How Trump Uses Vitriol for Migrants to Sideline Other Issues|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/11/us/politics/trump-debate-migrants.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|url-access=limited|access-date=July 27, 2025}} * {{cite news|last1=Gold|first1=Michael|last2=Huynh|first2=Anjali|date=April 2, 2024|title=Trump Again Invokes 'Blood Bath' and Dehumanizes Migrants in Border Remarks|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/02/us/politics/trump-border-blood-bath.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|url-access=limited|access-date=July 27, 2025}} * {{cite news|last=Sullivan|first=Kate|date=October 6, 2023|title=Trump's anti-immigrant comments draw rebuke|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/06/politics/trump-anti-immigrant-comments/|work=[[CNN]]|access-date=July 27, 2025}} * {{cite news|last=Ward|first=Myah|date=October 12, 2024|title=We watched 20 Trump rallies. His racist, anti-immigrant messaging is getting darker.|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/10/12/trump-racist-rhetoric-immigrants-00183537|work=[[Politico]]|access-date=July 27, 2025}} </ref> [[File:President Trump Visits St. John's Episcopal Church (49964153176).jpg|thumb|Trump wali na gulu la ŵalaraŵalara na ŵalongozgi ŵakwenda kufuma ku White House kuluta ku St. John's Church, pamanyuma pa [[Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church#Clearing Lafayette Square and St. John's|kufumiskika kwa ŵakuwoneska maghanoghano ku Lafayette Square]] mu Juni 2020]] Mu Juni 2020, pa nyengo ya [[George Floyd protests]], ŵalaraŵalara ŵa boma la United States ŵakagwiliskira ntchito gasi wakukhozga maso na nthowa zinyake zakupatulira mzinda kuti ŵafumiske gulu la ŵanthu awo ŵakachitanga chiwoneskero mwamtende pa [[Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.|Lafayette Square]], kufupi na [[White House]].<ref name="wb">{{cite news |last1=Leonnig |first1=Carol D. |author-link1=Carol D. Leonnig |last2=Zapotosky |first2=Matt |last3=Dawsey |first3=Josh |author-link3=Josh Dawsey |last4=Tan |first4=Rebecca |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/barr-personally-ordered-removal-of-protesters-near-white-house-leading-to-use-of-force-against-largely-peaceful-crowd/2020/06/02/0ca2417c-a4d5-11ea-b473-04905b1af82b_story.html |title=Barr personally ordered removal of protesters near White House, leading to use of force against largely peaceful crowd |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=June 2, 2020 |access-date=June 3, 2020 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="bumpline">{{cite news |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=June 2, 2020 |title=Timeline: The clearing of Lafayette Square |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/06/02/timeline-clearing-lafayette-square/ |access-date=June 6, 2020 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Pamanyuma pake, Trump [[Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church|wakajipatura chithuzi wali wakukora Baibolo]] pa [[St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square|St. John's Episcopal Church]],<ref name="wb"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gittleson |first1=Ben |last2=Phelps |first2=Jordyn |title=Police use munitions to forcibly push back peaceful protesters for Trump church visit |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/national-guard-troops-deployed-white-house-trump-calls/story?id=71004151 |access-date=June 29, 2021 |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |date=June 3, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=O'Neil |first=Luke |date=June 2, 2020 |title=What do we know about Trump's love for the Bible? |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/02/what-do-we-know-about-trumps-love-for-the-bible |access-date=June 11, 2020}}</ref> ndipo ŵalongozgi ŵa visopa ŵakasuska umo ŵakachitira na ŵakuwoneska maghanoghano kweniso kujipatura chithuzi uko.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stableford |first1=Dylan |last2=Wilson |first2=Christopher |title=Religious leaders condemn teargassing protesters to clear street for Trump |url=https://news.yahoo.com/religious-leaders-condemn-gassing-protesters-to-clear-street-for-trump-192800782.html |access-date=June 8, 2020 |work=[[Yahoo News]] |date=June 3, 2020}}</ref> Trump wali na mbiri ya kuyuyura ŵanakazi para wakuyowoya na ŵapharazgi panji pa malo ghakuchezgerapo gha pa intaneti.{{sfn|Rothe|Collins|2019}}<ref name="Shear">{{cite news |last1=Shear |first1=Michael D. |author-link1=Michael D. Shear |last2=Sullivan |first2=Eileen |author-link2=Eileen Sullivan |date=October 16, 2018 |title='Horseface,' 'Lowlife,' 'Fat, Ugly': How the President Demeans Women |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/16/us/politics/trump-women-insults.html |access-date=August 5, 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Wakalongora mazgu ghakofya, wakasuskanga kawonekero ka ŵanakazi, ndipo wakaŵachemanga na mazina ghakunyoza.<ref name="Shear" /> Mu Okutobala 2016, vidiyo ya mu 2005 iyo yikajambulika kwambura kumanya yikafuma kuwaro umo [[Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape|wakajikuzgira]] kuti wakafyofyonanga na kukorakora ŵanakazi kwambura kuzomerezgeka, wakati, "para uli nyenyezi, ŵakukuzomerezga. Ungachita chilichose. ... Kora pa [[Pussy#Female genitalia|chiŵaro cha mwanakazi]]."<ref>{{cite news |last=Timm |first=Jane C. |title=Trump caught on hot mic making lewd comments about women in 2005 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-hot-mic-when-you-re-star-you-can-do-n662116 |work=[[NBC News]] |date=October 7, 2016 |access-date=June 10, 2018}}</ref> Iyo wakati mazgu agha ghakaŵa waka "mazgu gha mu chipinda cha kuseŵeramo".<ref>{{cite news |last=Fahrenthold |first=David |author-link=David Fahrenthold |title=Trump recorded having extremely lewd conversation about women in 2005 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-recorded-having-extremely-lewd-conversation-about-women-in-2005/2016/10/07/3b9ce776-8cb4-11e6-bf8a-3d26847eeed4_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=December 14, 2024 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Pamanyuma pa ukali ukuru wa ŵanthu, kusazgapo ŵa chipani cha Republican, Trump wakafumiska vidiyo yakuphepeska pagulu, kweniso wakawukira Hillary Clinton.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/08/us/politics/donald-trump-women.html |title=Donald Trump Apology Caps Day of Outrage Over Lewd Tape |date=October 7, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 8, 2016 |last1=Burns |first1=Alexander |author-link1=Alex Burns (journalist) |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |author-link2=Maggie Haberman |last3=Martin |first3=Jonathan |author-link3=Jonathan Martin (journalist) |url-access=limited}}</ref> === Ivyo wakususkikira pa nkhaza za kugonana === {{main|Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations}} Kufika mu Okutobala 2024, kwamba m'ma 1970, ŵanakazi ŵakukwana 28<ref name="NewRepublic10.31.24">{{cite magazine |url=https://newrepublic.com/post/187761/pageant-queen-beatrice-keul-trump-sexual-assault |title=Pageant Queen Shares Horrifying Details of Trump Sexual Assault |last=Ferguson |first=Malcolm |magazine=[[The New Republic]] |date=October 31, 2024 |access-date=August 21, 2025}}</ref> ŵamususka Trump pa milandu yakupambanapambana ya nkhaza za kugonana, kusazgapo kukoleska, kugonana na ŵana, kuwukira pa kugonana, nkhaza za thupi, kufyofyonanga na kukorakora kwambura kuzomerezgeka, kulaŵiska pasi pa masiketi gha ŵanakazi, kweniso kunjira mu vipinda umo ŵapikizgano ŵa umbeauty ŵakaŵiranga ŵali nkhule.<ref name="no26">{{cite news |last=Osborne |first=Lucy |date=September 17, 2020 |title='It felt like tentacles': the women who accuse Trump of sexual misconduct |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/sep/17/amy-dorris-donald-trump-women-who-accuse-sexual-misconduct |access-date=June 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> === Kukolerana na nkhaza na milandu ya chidani === {{further|Rhetoric of Donald Trump#Violence}} Trump wakumanyikwa kuti wali na ntchito yikuru pa kusazgirako nkhaza za ndyali mu United States, kwizira mu awo ŵakumovwira kweniso awo ŵakumususka.<ref>{{cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Baker (journalist) |date=September 16, 2024 |title=Trump, Outrage and the Modern Era of Political Violence |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/16/us/politics/trump-violence-assassination-attempt.html |access-date=January 20, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{sfn|Nacos|Shapiro|Bloch-Elkon|2020}}{{sfn|Piazza|Van Doren|2022}} Wakulongosoreka kuti wakupokelera maghanoghano gha ukali, [[List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump|visambizgo vya chiwembu]] nga ni [[QAnon]], kweniso magulu gha [[American militia movement|militia gha ku far-right]] kuluska pulezidenti munyake waliyose wa mazuŵa ghano wa America.<ref>{{cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Baker (journalist) |date=December 1, 2022 |title=Trump Embraces Extremism as He Seeks to Reclaim Office |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/01/us/politics/trump-extremism-candidacy.html |access-date=January 20, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Swenson |first1=Ali |last2=Kunzelman |first2=Michael |date=November 18, 2023 |title=Fears of political violence are growing as the 2024 campaign heats up and conspiracy theories evolve |work=[[AP News]] |url=https://apnews.com/article/depape-paul-pelosi-qanon-conspiracy-theories-violence-390ad310fa34b0edb925d88540a7ddcd |access-date=January 20, 2025}}</ref> Wawerezgapo kanandi kususka ŵakwimikana nayo pa ndyali kuti mbalwani za charu, ndipo wapempha kuti ŵajalikike panji kukomeka, ivyo vyapangiska ŵanandi kumususka kuti wakovwira kulimbikiska nkhaza.<ref>{{cite news |last=Basu |first=Zachary |date=November 16, 2019 |title=The 24 times Trump has accused somebody of "treason" |url=https://www.axios.com/2019/06/16/trump-treason-russia-investigation-new-york-times |access-date=May 13, 2026 |work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=November 20, 2025 |title=Trump calls Democrats who told US military to refuse illegal orders 'traitors' who should face death penalty |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-says-democrats-who-told-us-military-refuse-illegal-orders-deserve-death-2025-11-20 |access-date=May 13, 2026 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Chasan |first=Aliza |date=September 27, 2023 |title=Gen. Milley says he has "appropriate" safety measures after Trump social media threat |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/general-milley-responds-to-trump-social-media-post-60-minutes/ |access-date=May 13, 2026 |work=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Kafukufuku wakulongora kuti kayowoyero ka Trump kakukolerana na kusazgikira kwa milandu ya chidani,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kunzelman |first1=Michael |last2=Galvan |first2=Astrid |date=August 7, 2019 |title=Trump words linked to more hate crime? Some experts think so |url=https://apnews.com/article/7d0949974b1648a2bb592cab1f85aa16 |access-date=October 7, 2021 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Feinberg |first1=Ayal |last2=Branton |first2=Regina |last3=Martinez-Ebers |first3=Valerie |date=March 22, 2019 |title=Counties that hosted a 2016 Trump rally saw a 226 percent increase in hate crimes |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/03/22/trumps-rhetoric-does-inspire-more-hate-crimes/ |access-date=October 7, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamba kuyowoya mwakupambanapambana maghanoghano gha kusankhana chifukwa chakuti wakazgora mazgu ghakusankhana mafuko kuŵa ghakawiro.{{sfn|Stephens-Dougan|2021|p=306}} Ŵakufufuza ŵanyake nawo ŵati mazgu gha Trump agho ghakananga mbiri na kuyowoya vyautesi vya awo ŵakaŵa ŵakukomeka na gulu ilo likachita vivulupi pa Janyuwale 6, vikaŵa chiyelezgero cha [[stochastic terrorism]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Yousef |first=Odette |date=September 17, 2024 |title=The U.S. has had a long history of political violence, but experts see a new trend |work=[[NPR News]] |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/09/17/nx-s1-5113997/political-violence-trump |access-date=January 20, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Angove |first=James |title=Stochastic terrorism: critical reflections on an emerging concept |journal=[[Taylor & Francis]] |date=February 3, 2024 |volume=17 |pages=21–43 |doi=10.1080/17539153.2024.2305742 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakasuzgikanga panji kususkika pa milandu ya nkhaza na milandu ya chidani ŵakayowoyanga kuti mazgu gha Trump ndigho ghakaŵachitiska kuchita nthena, panji ŵakeneranga kulangika pachoko.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Tracy |first=Abigail |date=August 8, 2019 |title="The President of the United States Says It's Okay": The Rise of the Trump Defense |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/08/donald-trump-domestic-terrorism-el-paso |access-date=October 7, 2021 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Helderman |first1=Rosalind S. |author-link1=Rosalind S. Helderman |last2=Hsu |first2=Spencer S. |last3=Weiner |first3=Rachel |date=January 16, 2021 |title='Trump said to do so': Accounts of rioters who say the president spurred them to rush the Capitol could be pivotal testimony |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-rioters-testimony/2021/01/16/01b3d5c6-575b-11eb-a931-5b162d0d033d_story.html |access-date=September 27, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Kafukufuku wa charu chose wakuchitika na [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] mu Meyi 2020 ukasanga milandu yakukwana 54, kufuma mu Ogasiti 2015 m'paka Epulero 2020, umo zina la Trump likazunulikiranga mwachindunji pa milandu ya nkhaza panji viwopsezo vya nkhaza, chomenechomene yakuchitika na ŵanalume ŵatuŵa ndipo yikanangiranga ŵanthu ŵa mafuko ghanyake.<ref>{{cite news |last=Levine |first=Mike |date=May 30, 2020 |title='No Blame?' ABC News finds 54 cases invoking 'Trump' in connection with violence, threats, alleged assaults. |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/blame-abc-news-finds-17-cases-invoking-trump/story?id=58912889 |access-date=February 4, 2021 |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> Apo Trump wakakana kususka gulu la ŵa [[Proud Boys]] pa mkangano wa kusankha pulezidenti mu 2020,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Olorunnipa |first1=Toluse |author-link1=Toluse Olorunnipa |last2=Wootson |first2=Cleve R. Jr. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-debate-white-supremacist-question/2020/09/30/366df500-02c7-11eb-a2db-417cddf4816a_story.html |title=Trump refused to condemn white supremacists and militia members in presidential debate marked by disputes over race |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=September 30, 2020 |access-date=December 25, 2024 |url-access=limited}}</ref> na kuyowoya kuti, "Proud Boys, yimani kumanyuma ndipo lindilirani", ŵanthu ŵakati mazgu agha ghakachitiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵanjire mu gulu ilo likamovwiranga Trump.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cheney |first=Kyle |author-link=Kyle Cheney (journalist) |title=Enrique Tarrio, Proud Boys leader on Jan. 6, sentenced to 22 years for seditious conspiracy |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2023/09/05/sentencing-enrique-tarrio-proud-boys-00114095 |access-date=December 25, 2024 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |date=September 5, 2023}}</ref> Ŵakufufuza vya kulimbana na uchigandanga ŵati umo Trump wakapangiranga ŵanthu kuti ŵawone kuwukira kwa Nyumba ya Malango pa Janyuwale 6 nga ni chinthu chambura suzgo, kweniso [[Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants|kugowokera ŵose awo ŵakachitako vivulupi pa Janyuwale 6]], vingawovwira kulimbikiska nkhaza za ndyali munthazi.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hsu |first1=Spencer S. |last2=Silverman |first2=Ellie |last3=Zakrzewski |first3=Cat |date=January 22, 2025 |title=Clemency for Oath Keepers, Proud Boys fuels extremism threat, experts say |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2025/01/21/pardons-proud-boys-oath-keepers/ |access-date=January 22, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Feuer |first1=Alan |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |author-link2=Maggie Haberman |date=April 13, 2024 |title=Inside Donald Trump's Embrace of the Jan. 6 Rioters |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/13/us/politics/trump-jan-6.html |access-date=January 20, 2025 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> === Mazgu ghautesi panji ghakupuluska na visambizgo vya chiwembu === {{main|False or misleading statements by Donald Trump|List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump}} [[File:2017- Donald Trump veracity - composite graph.png|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Fact-checkers]] ŵa ''The Washington Post'',<ref name="database">{{cite news |last1=Kessler |first1=Glenn |author-link1=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |last2=Kelly |first2=Meg |last3=Rizzo |first3=Salvador |last4=Lee |first4=Michelle Ye Hee |author-link4=Michelle Ye Hee Lee |date=January 20, 2021 |title=In four years, President Trump made 30,573 false or misleading claims |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/trump-claims-database/ |access-date=October 11, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> ''Toronto Star'',<ref>{{cite news |last=Dale |first=Daniel |author-link=Daniel Dale |date=June 5, 2019 |title=Donald Trump has now said more than 5,000 false things as president |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2019/06/05/donald-trump-has-now-said-more-than-5000-false-claims-as-president.html |access-date=October 11, 2021 |work=[[Toronto Star]]}}</ref> na CNN<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dale |first1=Daniel |author-link=Daniel Dale |last2=Subramiam |first2=Tara |date=March 9, 2020 |title=Fact check: Donald Trump made 115 false claims in the last two weeks of February |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/09/politics/fact-check-trump-false-claims-february/ |access-date=December 15, 2025 |work=[[CNN]]}}</ref> ŵakawunganya uthenga wa "mazgu ghautesi panji ghakupuluska" (mtundu wa orenji) na "mazgu ghautesi" (mtundu wa violet).|alt=Chati yakulongora mazgu ghautesi panji ghakupuluska agho Trump wakayowoyanga]] Trump wakuyowoya kanandi mazgu ghambura unenesko pa kuyowoya kwake pagulu,<ref name="finnegan">{{cite news |last=Finnegan |first=Michael |date=September 25, 2016 |title=Scope of Trump's falsehoods unprecedented for a modern presidential candidate |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-false-statements-20160925-snap-story.html |access-date=October 10, 2021 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref><ref name="whoppers"/> mwakuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵati ivi vindachitikepo kale mu ndyali za United States.<ref name="finnegan"/><ref name="glasser">{{cite magazine |last=Glasser |first=Susan B. |author-link=Susan Glasser |date=August 3, 2018 |title=It's True: Trump Is Lying More, and He's Doing It on Purpose |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-trumps-washington/trumps-escalating-war-on-the-truth-is-on-purpose |access-date=January 10, 2019 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]]}}</ref><ref name="Konnikova">{{cite news |last=Konnikova |first=Maria |author-link=Maria Konnikova |date=January 20, 2017 |title=Trump's Lies vs. Your Brain |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/01/donald-trump-lies-liar-effect-brain-214658/ |access-date=March 31, 2018 |work=[[Politico Magazine]]}}</ref> Mazgu ghake ghautesi na ghakupuluska ghakalembekanga na [[fact-checker|ŵakuwona unenesko wa mazgu]], kusazgapo awo ŵali ku ''The Washington Post'', awo ŵakasanga kuti wakayowoya mazgu ghautesi panji ghakupuluska 30,573 pa nyengo yake yakwamba kuŵa pulezidenti,<ref name="database"/> ndipo chiŵelengero ichi chikamba kusazgikira nyengo yikati yajumphapo.<ref name="TermUntruth">{{cite news |last1=Kessler |first1=Glenn |author-link1=Glenn Kessler (journalist) |last2=Kelly |first2=Meg |last3=Rizzo |first3=Salvador |last4=Shapiro |first4=Leslie |last5=Dominguez |first5=Leo |date=January 23, 2021 |title=A term of untruths: The longer Trump was president, the more frequently he made false or misleading claims |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/interactive/2021/timeline-trump-claims-as-president/ |access-date=October 11, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mazgu ghake ghautesi ghawoneka nga ntchigaŵa chakumanyikwa cha umo wakuchitira ndyali<ref name="glasser"/> ndipo ghafotokozeka kuti ni [[firehosing]].{{sfn|Kakutani|2018|pp=94–104}} Munthawi ya ulamuliro wake wachiŵiri, Trump wakalutilira kugwiliskira ntchito mazgu ghaboza, ghakupuluska, na ghakusazgirizga pakulongosora na kupembuzga malango ghake gha Executive Order na ndondomeko za boma.<ref>{{cite news |last=Qiu |first=Linda |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/29/us/politics/trump-100-days-fact-check.html |title=In Breakneck 2nd Term, Trump Turns to Falsehoods to Justify His Agenda |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 29, 2025 |access-date=March 17, 2026}}</ref> Wakalutilira kuyowoya vyautesi pafupipafupi nga umo wakachitiranga kale, kweni wakaŵa na mitundu yichoko ya mautesi uku wakuwoneskera kanandi "gulu likuru" la mautesi gheneghara.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dale |first=Daniel |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/12/27/politics/analysis-donald-trumps-top-25-lies-of-2025 |title=Analysis: Donald Trump's top 25 lies |work=[[CNN]] |date=December 27, 2025 |access-date=March 17, 2026}}</ref> Mautesi ghanyake gha Trump ghakaŵa ghambura kukhumbikwa chomene,<ref>{{cite news |last=Qiu |first=Linda |date=January 21, 2017 |title=Donald Trump had biggest inaugural crowd ever? Metrics don't show it |url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2017/jan/21/sean-spicer/trump-had-biggest-inaugural-crowd-ever-metrics-don/ |access-date=March 30, 2018 |work=[[PolitiFact]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Rein |first=Lisa |date=March 6, 2017 |title=Here are the photos that show Obama's inauguration crowd was bigger than Trump's |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/03/06/here-are-the-photos-that-show-obamas-inauguration-crowd-was-bigger-than-trumps/ |access-date=March 8, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> kweni ghanyake ghakaŵa na vyakukhwaska vikuru, nga ni kupharazga kwake kwambura ukaboni kwakuti munkhwala wa [[malaria]] ungachizga [[COVID-19]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Wong |first=Julia Carrie |author-link=Julia Carrie Wong |date=April 7, 2020 |title=Hydroxychloroquine: how an unproven drug became Trump's coronavirus 'miracle cure' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/06/hydroxychloroquine-trump-coronavirus-drug |access-date=June 25, 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Spring |first=Marianna |author-link=Marianna Spring |date=May 27, 2020 |title=Coronavirus: The human cost of virus misinformation |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-52731624 |access-date=June 13, 2020 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> ivyo vikapangiska kusoŵa kwa munkhwala uwu mu United States kweniso [[panic buying|kugura mwaluŵiro chifukwa cha wofi]] mu Africa na South Asia.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rowland |first=Christopher |date=March 23, 2020 |title=As Trump touts an unproven coronavirus treatment, supplies evaporate for patients who need those drugs |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/03/20/hospitals-doctors-are-wiping-out-supplies-an-unproven-coronavirus-treatment/ |access-date=March 24, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Parkinson |first1=Joe |last2=Gauthier-Villars |first2=David |date=March 23, 2020 |title=Trump Claim That Malaria Drugs Treat Coronavirus Sparks Warnings, Shortages |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-claim-that-malaria-drugs-treat-coronavirus-sparks-warnings-shortages-11584981897 |url-access=subscription |access-date=March 26, 2020 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> Kuwukira kwake pa mavoti gha [[mail-in voting]] na nthowa zinyake za kuvotera kukachepeska kugomezga kwa ŵanthu mu unenesko wa [[chisankho cha pulezidenti cha United States cha 2020]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Siders |first=David |date=May 25, 2020 |title=Trump sees a 'rigged election' ahead. Democrats see a constitutional crisis in the making. |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/05/25/donald-trump-rigged-election-talk-fears-274477 |access-date=October 9, 2021 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Riccardi |first=Nicholas |date=September 17, 2020 |title=AP Fact Check: Trump's big distortions on mail-in voting |url=https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-election-2020-ap-fact-check-elections-voting-fraud-and-irregularities-8c5db90960815f91f39fe115579570b4 |access-date=October 7, 2020 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref> apo uthesi wake wakukhwaskana na nthenda ya COVID-19 ukachedweska ndiposo kufowofya ivyo boma la charu likachitanga pakulimbana nayo.<ref name="NYT 4 11 20">{{cite news |first1=Eric |last1=Lipton |author-link1=Eric Lipton |first2=David E. |last2=Sanger |author-link2=David E. Sanger |first3=Maggie |last3=Haberman |author-link3=Maggie Haberman |first4=Michael D. |last4=Shear |author-link4=Michael D. Shear |first5=Mark |last5=Mazzetti |author-link5=Mark Mazzetti |first6=Julian E. |last6=Barnes |title=He Could Have Seen What Was Coming: Behind Trump's Failure on the Virus |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/11/us/politics/coronavirus-trump-response.html |access-date=April 11, 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 11, 2020 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="USAT-Disinfo">{{cite news |last=Guynn |first=Jessica |date=October 5, 2020 |title=From COVID-19 to voting: Trump is nation's single largest spreader of disinformation, studies say |url=https://usatoday.com/story/tech/2020/10/05/trump-covid-19-coronavirus-disinformation-facebook-twitter-election/3632194001/ |access-date=October 7, 2020 |work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Bergengruen |first1=Vera |last2=Hennigan |first2=W.J. |date=October 6, 2020 |title='You're Gonna Beat It.' How Donald Trump's COVID-19 Battle Has Only Fueled Misinformation |url=https://time.com/5896709/trump-covid-campaign/ |access-date=October 7, 2020 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> Kanandi wakupempha yayi chigowokero pa mautesi ghake.<ref>{{cite news |last=Allen |first=Jonathan |date=December 31, 2018 |title=Does being President Trump still mean never having to say you're sorry? |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/does-being-president-trump-still-mean-never-having-say-you-n952841 |access-date=June 14, 2020 |work=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> M'paka mu 2018, manyuzipepala na vyakupharazga vikanyake vikakanizganga kuyowoya kuti mautesi ghake "mbutesi", nangauli wakawerezganga mazgu agho ghakaŵa ghakubozgeka pakuwonekera.<ref>{{cite news |last=Greenberg |first=David |author-link=David Greenberg (historian) |date=January 28, 2017 |title=The Perils of Calling Trump a Liar |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/01/the-perils-of-calling-trump-a-liar-214704/ |access-date=June 13, 2020 |work=[[Politico Magazine]]}}</ref><ref name="DBauder">{{cite news |last=Bauder |first=David |date=August 29, 2018 |title=News media hesitate to use 'lie' for Trump's misstatements |url=https://apnews.com/8d3c7387eff7496abcd0651124caf891 |access-date=September 27, 2023 |work=[[AP News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Farhi |first=Paul |date=June 5, 2019 |title=Lies? The news media is starting to describe Trump's 'falsehoods' that way. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/lies-the-news-media-is-starting-to-describe-trumps-falsehoods-that-way/2019/06/05/413cc2a0-8626-11e9-a491-25df61c78dc4_story.html |access-date=April 11, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Kwambira pambere wandambe ulamuliro wake wakwamba, Trump wakalimbikiska [[List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump|visambizgo vinandi vya chiŵembu]]. Mu 2011, Trump wakaŵa yumoza wa ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa chomene pakupharazga [[Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories|chisambizgo cha "birther"]], icho chikatengeka kuti [[Barack Obama]], pulezidenti wakwamba wa United States wakafuma ku ŵanthu ŵafipa, wakababikira yayi mu United States.<ref>{{cite news |last=John |first=Arit |date=June 23, 2020 |title=From birtherism to 'treason': Trump's false allegations against Obama |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2020-06-23/trump-obamagate-birtherism-false-allegations |access-date=February 17, 2023 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Wakati ndiyo wakapangiska boma kufumiska satifiketi ya kubabikira ya Obama, nangauli wakati nayo yikaŵa yautesi.<ref>{{cite news |last=Keneally |first=Meghan |date=September 18, 2015 |title=Donald Trump's History of Raising Birther Questions About President Obama |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trumps-history-raising-birther-questions-president-obama/story?id=33861832 |access-date=August 27, 2016 |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> Mu Seputembala 2016, wakazomera pakweru kuti Obama wakababikira ku United States, kweni mwautesi wakati [[Hillary Clinton]] ndiyo wakambiska mphara izi pa nyengo ya [[Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign|kampeni yake ya chisankho cha pulezidenti ya 2008]].<!-- DO NOT CHANGE preceding sentence without prior consensus; see [[Talk:Donald Trump#C27|consensus 27]]. --><ref>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Trump Drops False 'Birther' Theory, but Floats a New One: Clinton Started It |first1=Maggie |last1=Haberman |author-link1=Maggie Haberman |first2=Alan |last2=Rappeport |date=September 16, 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/17/us/politics/donald-trump-birther-obama.html}}</ref> Kanandi Trump wakambanga kuyowoya kuti wapulika visambizgo vya chiŵembu ivi kwa munthu munyake,<ref name="Haberman2016"/> ndipo wakalimbikiska visambizgo nga ni [[climate change denial]], [[Conspiracy theories related to the 2019 Trump–Ukraine scandal|vyakuti Ukraine yikanjilirapo pa visankho vya United States]], ndiposo vya [[vaccines and autism]].<ref name="Haberman2016">{{cite news |last=Haberman |first=Maggie |author-link=Maggie Haberman |date=February 29, 2016 |title=Even as He Rises, Donald Trump Entertains Conspiracy Theories |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/01/us/politics/donald-trump-conspiracy-theories.html |access-date=October 11, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Fichera |first1=Angelo |last2=Spencer |first2=Saranac Hale |date=October 20, 2020 |title=Trump's Long History With Conspiracy Theories |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2020/10/trumps-long-history-with-conspiracy-theories/ |access-date=September 15, 2021 |work=[[FactCheck.org]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Bump |first=Philip |date=November 26, 2019 |title=President Trump loves conspiracy theories. Has he ever been right? |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/11/26/president-trump-loves-conspiracy-theories-has-he-ever-been-right/ |access-date=October 11, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Pamanyuma pa [[chisankho cha pulezidenti cha United States cha 2020]], wakalimbikiska visambizgo vya chiŵembu vyakukhwaskana na kutondeka kwake, ivyo vikachemeka kuti "[[Big lie (2020 United States presidential election)|boza likuru]]".<ref>{{cite magazine |last=McEvoy |first=Jemima |date=December 17, 2020 |title=These Are The Voter Fraud Claims Trump Tried (And Failed) To Overturn The Election With |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jemimamcevoy/2020/12/17/these-are-the-voter-fraud-claims-trump-tried-and-failed-to-overturn-the-election-with/ |access-date=September 13, 2021 |magazine=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Block |first=Melissa |author-link=Melissa Block |date=January 16, 2021 |title=Can The Forces Unleashed By Trump's Big Election Lie Be Undone? |work=[[NPR News]] |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/01/16/957291939/can-the-forces-unleashed-by-trumps-big-election-lie-be-undone |access-date=December 25, 2024}}</ref> === Ubwezi wake na nkhani za vyakupharazga === {{main|Nkhondo ya Donald Trump na vyakupharazga}} Pa nyengo ya kampeni ya chisankho cha 2016, Trump wakapokera uthenga unandi waulere mu vyakupharazga kuluska kale,{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/06/14/this-harvard-study-is-a-powerful-indictment-of-the-medias-role-in-donald-trumps-rise/ |title=This Harvard study is a powerful indictment of the media's role in Donald Trump's rise |first=Chris |last=Cillizza |author-link=Chris Cillizza |date=June 14, 2016 |access-date=October 1, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}} uwo ukawerengekanga kuti ukaŵa wakukwana madola mabiliyoni ghaŵiri.{{cite news |title=$2 Billion Worth of Free Media for Donald Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/16/upshot/measuring-donald-trumps-mammoth-advantage-in-free-media.html |first1=Nicholas |last1=Confessore |author-link1=Nicholas Confessore |first2=Karen |last2=Yourish |date=March 15, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}} Apo wakaŵa wakuphalizga kampeni kweniso apo wakaŵa pulezidenti, kanandi wakasuska vyakupharazga kuti vikutemwera chigaŵa chinyake, ndipo wakavichemanga kuti "vyakupharazga vya nkhani zautesi" na "mulwani wa ŵanthu".{{cite web |last1=Hetherington |first1=Marc |last2=Ladd |first2=Jonathan M. |date=May 1, 2020 |title=Destroying trust in the media, science, and government has left America vulnerable to disaster |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/fixgov/2020/05/01/destroying-trust-in-the-media-science-and-government-has-left-america-vulnerable-to-disaster/ |access-date=October 11, 2021 |publisher=[[Brookings Institution]]}} Mu ulamuliro wake wakwamba, boma la Trump likachepeskako misonkhano yakudumbiskana na ŵapharazgi kufuma pa pafupifupi 100 mu 2017 kufika pa yiŵiri pera mu 2019, ndipo likawuskapo zilolezgo za ŵapharazgi ŵaŵiri ŵa ku White House, ivyo vikaweleraso na makhoti.{{cite news |last=Grynbaum |first=Michael M. |date=December 30, 2019 |title=After Another Year of Trump Attacks, 'Ominous Signs' for the American Press |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/30/business/media/trump-media-2019.html |access-date=October 11, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}} Kufika mu 2024, Trump wakalutilira kuyowoya kuti wakovwira [[Kuzomerezga yayi kususka boma|kuŵika dango lakukanizga kususka boma]] na kumususka,{{cite news |last=Kapur |first=Sahil |date=October 13, 2024 |title='Totally illegal': Trump escalates rhetoric on outlawing political dissent and criticism |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/totally-illegal-trump-escalates-rhetoric-outlawing-political-dissent-c-rcna174280 |access-date=November 23, 2024 |work=[[NBC News]]}} ndipo wakati ŵapharazgi ŵakwenera kusuzgika na dango usange ŵakukana kuvumbura awo ŵakuŵapa uthenga mwachisisi, kweniso kuti makampani gha vyakupharazga ghangaŵavya mazaza ghakupharazga usange ghakupharazga vinthu viheni vyakukhwaskana na iyo.{{cite news |last=Folkenflik |first=David |author-link=David Folkenflik |date=October 21, 2024 |title=Could Trump's threats against news outlets carry weight if he wins the presidency? |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/10/21/nx-s1-5150039/could-trumps-threats-against-news-outlets-carry-weight-if-he-wins-the-presidency |access-date=November 23, 2024 |work=[[NPR News]]}} Mu ulamuliro wake wachiŵiri, ivyo Trump wakachitira vyakupharazga vikaŵa vyambura kuchitikapo mu mbiri yasono ya United States,{{cite news |last1=Spike |first1=Justin |last2=Riccardi |first2=Nicholas |date=September 18, 2025 |title=Trump's moves against the media mirror approaches by authoritarian leaders to silence dissent |work=[[AP News]] |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-dictators-media-putin-russia-orban-hungary-2de4b920e9d7952eed132d38e1934ce5 |access-date=September 18, 2025}} ndipo ŵakulemba mbiri ŵakati vikayananga na ivyo ŵalongozgi ŵankhongono ŵakuchita pakukanizga ŵakususkana nawo pa ndyali ndipo vikakhwaska viheni [[wanangwa wa kuyowoya]] na [[wanangwa wa vyakupharazga]].{{cite news |last1=Abels |first1=Grace |last2=Sherman |first2=Amy |date=April 29, 2025 |title=President Trump said he 'brought back free speech.' His first 100 days tell a different story. |work=[[PolitiFact]] |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2025/apr/29/donald-trump-free-speech-First-Amendment-100-days/ |access-date=May 4, 2025}}{{cite news |last1=Gilliand |first1=Olivia |last2=Dumalaon |first2=Janelle |date=April 26, 2025 |title=Trump's attacks on media test US press freedom rules |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |url=https://www.dw.com/en/trumps-attacks-on-media-tests-us-first-amendment-press-freedom/a-72359073 |access-date=May 4, 2025}} Kampeni yakulamulira kayowoyero yikayaniskika na [[cancel culture]], boma lakusezga wanangwa wa kayowoyero, na [[McCarthyism]].{{cite news |last1=Riccardi |first1=Nicholas |last2=Konstantin |first2=Toropin |date=September 15, 2025 |title=Trump administration joins Republicans' campaign to police speech in reaction to Kirk's murder |url=https://apnews.com/article/charlie-kirk-speech-republicans-firings-government-vance-e65a4939b80e4f4822db188e978d8812 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |work=[[AP News]]}}{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/sep/16/charlie-kirk-shooting-trump-progressive-groups |title=Progressive groups fear 'McCarthy era' attacks in wake of Charlie Kirk shooting |first=George |last=Chidi |date=September 16, 2025 |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=September 18, 2025}}{{cite news |last=Yerushalmy |first=Jonathan |date=September 18, 2025 |title='Censoring you in real time': suspension of Jimmy Kimmel show sparks shock and fears for free speech |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2025/sep/18/jimmy-kimmel-suspension-sparks-shock-fears-for-free-speech-censoring-realtime |access-date=September 18, 2025 |work=[[The Guardian]]}} [[Federal Communications Commission]] yikamba kufufuza vyakupharazga ivyo vikapusikikanga kuti vikutemwera ŵakususkana nayo.{{cite news |last=Brodkin |first=Jon |date=January 23, 2025 |title=Trump's FCC chair gets to work on punishing TV news stations accused of bias |work=[[Ars Technica]] |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2025/01/trumps-fcc-chair-gets-to-work-on-punishing-news-stations-accused-of-bias/ |access-date=March 20, 2025}} Chifukwa cha vyakofya vya Trump, ŵalongozgi ŵa vyakupharazga ŵakaphalira ŵapharazgi na ŵantchito ŵawo kuti [[kujikanizga ŵekha]] ndipo ŵachepeskeko kumususka Trump.{{cite news |last1=Fischer |first1=Sara |last2=Wang |first2=Christine |date=May 27, 2025 |title=Journalism under pressure amid fear of retribution |work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]] |url=https://www.axios.com/2025/05/27/trump-journalism-pressure |access-date=May 31, 2025}} Ŵanandi ŵakati Trump wakapangiska kuchepa kukuru kwa [[wanangwa wa vyakupharazga]], kusazgapo magulu ghakovwira ŵapharazgi{{cite web |last=Ferragamo |first=Mariel |title=World Press Freedom Continues Decline at a Time of Upheaval |url=https://www.cfr.org/article/world-press-freedom-continues-decline-time-upheaval |website=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |date=May 2, 2025 |access-date=January 15, 2026}}{{cite web |title=United States |url=https://rsf.org/en/country/united-states |website=[[Reporters Without Borders]] |access-date=January 15, 2026}}{{cite web |title=Press freedom in the US |url=https://cpj.org/issue/press-freedom-in-the-us/ |website=[[Committee to Protect Journalists]] |access-date=January 15, 2026}}{{cite web |title=Will press freedom decline further? |url=https://www.media-diversity.org/2026-the-year-ahead-will-press-freedom-decline-further/ |website=[[Media Diversity Institute]] |date=January 6, 2026 |access-date=January 15, 2026}} kweniso mabuku gha masambiro.{{cite journal |last=West |first=Sonja R. |title=Presidential Attacks on the Press |journal=[[Missouri Law Review]] |volume=83 |pages=915 |year=2018 |url=https://digitalcommons.law.uga.edu/fac_artchop/1276/ |access-date=January 16, 2026}}{{cite journal |last1=Jones |first1=RonNell Andersen |last2=West |first2=Sonja R. |title=The Fragility of the Free American Press |journal=[[Northwestern University Law Review]] |volume=112 |issue=3 |pages=567 |year=2017 |url=https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/nulr/vol112/iss3/5/ |access-date=January 16, 2026}}{{cite book |last=Kalb |first=Marvin |title=Enemy of the People: Trump's War on the Press, the New McCarthyism, and the Threat to American Democracy |publisher=[[Brookings Institution Press]] |year=2018 |url=https://www.hks.harvard.edu/publications/enemy-people-trumps-war-press-new-mccarthyism-and-threat-american-democracy |access-date=January 16, 2026}} === Vyakupharazga vya pa Intaneti === {{main|Kugwiliskira ntchito vyakupharazga vya pa Intaneti na Donald Trump|Kugwiliskira ntchito X na Donald Trump}} Kufuma mu 2009 mpaka apo wakakanizgikira mu Janyuwale 2021, Trump wakalemba pa Twitter mauthenga ghakujumpha 57,000.{{cite news |last1=Madhani |first1=Aamer |last2=Colvin |first2=Jill |date=January 9, 2021 |title=A farewell to @realDonaldTrump, gone after 57,000 tweets |url=https://apnews.com/article/twitter-donald-trump-ban-cea450b1f12f4ceb8984972a120018d5 |access-date=October 10, 2021 |work=[[AP News]]}} Pamanyuma pa vyaka vinandi vya kususkika chifukwa chakuzomerezga Trump kulemba uthenga wa upusikizgi na mautesi, Twitter yikamba kuŵika vimanyikwiro vya kusimikizga unenesko pa mauthenga ghanyake gha Trump mu Meyi 2020.{{cite news |last=Dwoskin |first=Elizabeth |date=May 27, 2020 |title=Twitter labels Trump's tweets with a fact check for the first time |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/05/26/trump-twitter-label-fact-check/ |access-date=July 7, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}} Wakakanizgika kugwiliskira ntchito Facebook, [[Instagram]], Twitter, na mapulatifomu ghanyake pamanyuma pa [[Kuukira Nyumba ya Malango ya United States pa Janyuwale 6, 2021]].{{cite news |last1=Fischer |first1=Sara |last2=Gold |first2=Ashley |date=January 11, 2021 |title=All the platforms that have banned or restricted Trump so far |url=https://www.axios.com/platforms-social-media-ban-restrict-trump-d9e44f3c-8366-4ba9-a8a1-7f3114f920f1.html |access-date=January 16, 2021 |work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]}}{{cite news |last1=Conger |first1=Kate |author-link1=Kate Conger |last2=Isaac |first2=Mike |author-link2=Mike Isaac |date=January 16, 2021 |title=Inside Twitter's Decision to Cut Off Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/16/technology/twitter-donald-trump-jack-dorsey.html |access-date=October 10, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}} Kutaya mwayi wake wa vyakupharazga vya pa Intaneti kukachepeska nkhongono yake yakukhwaska ivyo vikachitikanga{{cite news |last=Timberg |first=Craig |date=January 14, 2021 |title=Twitter ban reveals that tech companies held keys to Trump's power all along |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/01/14/trump-twitter-megaphone/ |access-date=February 17, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}}{{cite news |last1=Alba |first1=Davey |author-link1=Davey Alba |last2=Koeze |first2=Ella |last3=Silver |first3=Jacob |date=June 7, 2021 |title=What Happened When Trump Was Banned on Social Media |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/06/07/technology/trump-social-media-ban.html |access-date=December 21, 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}} ndipo kukayaniskika na kuchepa kukuru kwa uthenga wa upusikizgi pa Twitter.{{cite news |last1=Dwoskin |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Timberg |first2=Craig |date=January 16, 2021 |title=Misinformation dropped dramatically the week after Twitter banned Trump and some allies |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/01/16/misinformation-trump-twitter/ |access-date=February 17, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}} Mu Febuluwale 2022, wakambiska pulatifomu ya vyakupharazga vya pa Intaneti ya [[Truth Social]], uko wakakopa ŵakulondezga ŵachoko waka pakuyaniska na Twitter.{{cite news |last1=Harwell |first1=Drew |author-link1=Drew Harwell |last2=Dawsey |first2=Josh |author-link2=Josh Dawsey |date=November 7, 2022 |title=Trump once reconsidered sticking with Truth Social. Now he's stuck. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/11/07/trump-once-reconsidered-sticking-with-truth-social-now-hes-stuck/ |access-date=May 7, 2023 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url-access=limited}} Twitter yikamuwezgerapo akaunti yake mu Novembala 2022.{{cite news |last1=Mac |first1=Ryan |author-link1=Ryan Mac |last2=Browning |first2=Kellen |date=November 19, 2022 |title=Elon Musk Reinstates Trump's Twitter Account |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/19/technology/trump-twitter-musk.html |access-date=November 21, 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}{{cite news |last1=Dang |first1=Sheila |last2=Coster |first2=Helen |date=November 20, 2022 |title=Trump snubs Twitter after Musk announces reactivation of ex-president's account |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/musks-twitter-poll-showing-narrow-majority-want-trump-reinstated-2022-11-20/ |access-date=May 10, 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |url-access=limited}} Kuletshelereka kwa vyaka viŵiri pa [[Meta Platforms]] kukamara mu Janyuwale 2023, ndipo wakazomerezgekaso kugwiliskira ntchito Facebook na Instagram.{{cite news |last=Bond |first=Shannon |date=January 23, 2023 |title=Meta allows Donald Trump back on Facebook and Instagram |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/01/25/1146961818/trump-meta-facebook-instagram-ban-ends |work=[[NPR News]]}}</ref> == Kuwonelera == === Chithuzithuzi cha ŵanthu === {{main|Chithuzithuzi cha Donald Trump pa maso pa ŵanthu|Kafukufuku wa maghanoghano pa nyengo yakwamba ya ulamuliro wa Trump}} Mu nyengo yakwamba ya Trump, kufuma mu 2017 m'paka 2021, ŵanthu pa charu chose ŵakakhumbanga chomene yayi ulongozgi wa United States. Kuvomerezga kukakhira kufuma pafupifupi pa 22&nbsp;peresenti mu kafukufuku wa [[Gallup, Inc.|Gallup]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Datta |first=Monti |date=September 16, 2019 |title=3 countries where Trump is popular |url=https://theconversation.com/3-countries-where-trump-is-popular-120317 |access-date=October 3, 2021 |work=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]}}</ref> wa vyaru 134 kufika pa 16&nbsp;peresenti mu kafukufuku wa [[Pew Research|Pew Research]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wike |first1=Richard |last2=Fetterolf |first2=Janell |last3=Mordecai |first3=Mara |date=September 15, 2020 |title=U.S. Image Plummets Internationally as Most Say Country Has Handled Coronavirus Badly |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/09/15/us-image-plummets-internationally-as-most-say-country-has-handled-coronavirus-badly/ |access-date=December 24, 2020 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]}}</ref> wa vyaru 13. Mu 2017, kuwona makora ulongozgi wa United States kukakhira chomene pakati pa vyaru vyabwezi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rating World Leaders: 2018 The U.S. vs. Germany, China and Russia |url=https://www.politico.com/f/?id=00000161-0647-da3c-a371-867f6acc0001 |access-date=October 3, 2021 |publisher=[[Gallup, Inc.]] |via=[[Politico]]}} Page 9</ref> Mu United States, Trump wakasindikizgika chomene na ŵa chipani cha Republican: 88&nbsp;peresenti ya ŵa Republican na 7&nbsp;peresenti ya ŵa Democratic.<ref name="Jones">{{cite web |last=Jones |first=Jeffrey M. |date=January 18, 2021 |title=Last Trump Job Approval 34%; Average Is Record-Low 41% |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/328637/last-trump-job-approval-average-record-low.aspx |access-date=October 3, 2021 |publisher=[[Gallup, Inc.]]}}</ref> Mu kafukufuku wa Gallup wa 2021, wakaŵa pulezidenti yekha uyo wandafikepo pa 50&nbsp;peresenti ya kuvomerezgeka, ndipo wakaŵaso wakwamba kuleka kusankhika kuŵa munthu wakutemweka chomene mu chaka chake chakwamba pa udindo.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bach |first=Natash |date=December 28, 2017 |title=Trump Is the Only Elected U.S. President Not to Be Named America's Most Admired Man In His First Year |url=https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ |access-date=November 19, 2024 |magazine=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]}}</ref> === Masanjiro gha ŵasambizgi === {{further|Masanjiro gha mbiri ya ŵapulezidenti ŵa United States}} Pamanyuma pa nyengo yakwamba ya Trump, [[Historical rankings of presidents of the United States#2021 C-SPAN|ŵakulemba mbiri ŵakasanja Trump]] kuŵa pulezidenti wa nambara yachinayi kufuma pasi mu kafukufuku wa [[C-SPAN]] wa 2021 wa ŵakulemba mbiri ya ŵapulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |year=2021 |url=https://www.c-span.org/presidentsurvey2021/ |title=Presidential Historians Survey 2021 |work=[[C-SPAN]] |access-date=June 30, 2021}}</ref> Wakasanga mavoti ghachoko chomene mu magulu gha ulongozgi wakwenerera na luso lwa kuwusa.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sheehey |first=Maeve |date=June 30, 2021 |title=Trump debuts at 41st in C-SPAN presidential rankings |work=[[Politico]] |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/30/trump-cspan-president-ranking-497184 |access-date=March 31, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Brockell |first=Gillian |title=Historians just ranked the presidents. Trump wasn't last. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/06/30/presidential-rankings-2021-cspan-historians/ |access-date=July 1, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=June 30, 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Kafukufuku wa [[Siena College Research Institute]] wa 2022 [[Historical rankings of presidents of the United States#2022 Siena College|ukamusanja]] kuŵa wachitatu kufuma pasi. Wakasangika pafupi na umaliro mu magulu ghose kupatulako mwaŵi, kukhumbisiska kutora viwopsezo, na ulongozgi wa chipani, ndipo wakamalira paumaliro mu magulu ghanandi.<ref name="scri_22">{{cite web |url=https://scri.siena.edu/2022/06/22/american-presidents-greatest-and-worst/ |title=American Presidents: Greatest and Worst |publisher=[[Siena College Research Institute]] |date=June 22, 2022 |access-date=July 11, 2022}}</ref> Mu 2018 na 2024, [[American Political Science Association]] yikamusanja kuŵa pulezidenti muheni chomene.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rottinghaus |first1=Brandon |last2=Vaughn |first2=Justin S. |date=February 19, 2018 |title=Opinion: How Does Trump Stack Up Against the Best—and Worst—Presidents? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/19/opinion/how-does-trump-stack-up-against-the-best-and-worst-presidents.html |access-date=July 13, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Chappell |first=Bill |date=February 19, 2024 |title=In historians' Presidents Day survey, Biden vs. Trump is not a close call |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1232447088/historians-presidents-survey-trump-last-biden-14th |work=[[NPR News]]}}</ref> == Umoyo wa munthu == === Banja === {{main|Banja la Trump}} [[File:State Visit of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia State Dinner Receiving Line with Ivana Trump and Donald Trump in East Room - DPLA - 1a44d05819eab8ba3dcf7a6883ad92ba.jpg|thumb|Trump na muwoli wake Ivana pa chakurya cha boma mu 1985 pakupokelera Fumu [[Fahd wa Saudi Arabia]] pamoza na Pulezidenti [[Ronald Reagan]] na Muwoli Wakwamba [[Nancy Reagan]]|alt=Ivana Trump na Fumu Fahd ŵakukorana mawoko, apo Ronald Reagan wali pafupi nawo wakuseka.]] Mu 1977, Trump wakatora [[Ivana Zelníčková]].{{sfn|Blair|2015|p=300}} Ŵakaŵa na ŵana ŵatatu: [[Donald Jr.]] (wakababika mu 1977), [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] (wakababika mu 1981), na [[Eric Trump|Eric]] (wakababika mu 1984). Ivana wakachita ntchito yikuru pakupangiska kuti manyuzipepala na mawailesi vimulembere makora Trump, ivyo vikawovwira kupanga chithuzithuzi chake kuŵa munthu mukuru wa bizinesi ya malo.<ref>{{cite news |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2022/07/17/without-ivana-trump-there-is-no-donald-trump |title=Without Ivana, There's No 'The Donald' |work=[[Politico]] |date=July 17, 2022 |access-date=April 3, 2026}}</ref> Ŵakapatukana mu 1990, pamanyuma pakuti wakaŵa na chibwezi na modeli kweniso mulembi wa mafilimu [[Marla Maples]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Barron |first=James |author-link=James Barron (journalist) |date=December 12, 1990 |title=Trumps Get Divorce; Next, Who Gets What? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/12/nyregion/trumps-get-divorce-next-who-gets-what.html |access-date=March 5, 2023 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Iyo na Maples ŵakatorana mu 1993 ndipo ŵakapatukana mu 1999. Ŵali na mwana mwanakazi yumoza, [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] (wakababika mu 1993), uyo wakakulira na Maples ku California.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hafner |first=Josh |date=July 19, 2016 |title=Get to know Donald's other daughter: Tiffany Trump |url=https://usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2016/07/19/who-is-tiffany-trump/87321708/ |access-date=July 10, 2022 |newspaper=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> Mu 2005, wakatora modeli wa ku Slovenia [[Melania Knauss]].{{sfn|Kranish|Fisher|2017|p=266}} Mwana wawo mwanalume [[Barron Trump|Barron]] wakababika mu 2006.<ref>{{cite news |date=July 2, 2021 |title=Donald Trump Fast Facts |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/07/04/us/donald-trump-fast-facts/ |access-date=September 29, 2021 |work=[[CNN]]}}</ref> ===Usambazi=== {{main|Usambazi wa Donald Trump}} [[File:1982- Net worth of Donald Trump.svg|thumb|left|upright=1.2|Usambazi wake pa nyengo zakupambanapambana, nga umo ukawerengekera na ''[[Forbes]]''<ref name="Forbes1982-">Source for years 1982–2000: {{cite magazine |date=October 3, 2023 |last=Alexander |first=Dan |title=Here's How Much Donald Trump Is Worth |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/danalexander/article/the-definitive-networth-of-donaldtrump/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110003952/https://www.forbes.com/sites/danalexander/article/the-definitive-networth-of-donaldtrump/ |archive-date=November 10, 2023<!-- DO NOT REMOVE the archive parameters in this citation. This cite is an exception case exempted from [[Talk:Donald Trump#C25|consensus 25]]. --> |magazine=[[Forbes]] |access-date=March 28, 2026}} Data is not available for 1990 through 1995 because Trump was not included in the [[Forbes 400|''Forbes'' 400]] list.</ref><ref name=Forbes2001->Source for years 2001–2026: {{cite magazine |date=March 25, 2026 |last1=Alexander |first1=Dan |last2=Khan-Mullins |first2=Kyle |title=Here's How Much Donald Trump Is Worth |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/danalexander/article/the-definitive-networth-of-donaldtrump/ |magazine=[[Forbes]]}}</ref>]] Trump wakayowoya kuti wakamba ntchito yake na "ngongoli yichoko ya madola miliyoni yimoza" yakufuma kwa awiske, ndipo wakayenera kuyiwezga pamoza na chiwongolero.<ref>{{cite news |last=Stump |first=Scott |date=October 26, 2015 |title=Donald Trump: My dad gave me 'a small loan' of $1 million to get started |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/26/donald-trump-my-dad-gave-me-a-small-loan-of-1-million-to-get-started.html |access-date=November 13, 2016 |work=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> Wakabwereka ndalama zakuluska madola miliyoni 60 kufuma kwa awiske, wakabwezga yayi ngongoli zinandi, ndipo wakapokera madola miliyoni 413 (mwakuyana na ndalama za 2018, para kwasazgikapo kukwera kwa mitengo) kufuma ku kampani ya malo ya awiske.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Barstow |first1=David |author-link1=David Barstow |last2=Craig |first2=Susanne |author-link2=Susanne Craig |last3=Buettner |first3=Russ |author-link3=Russ Buettner |date=October 2, 2018 |title=11 Takeaways From The Times's Investigation into Trump's Wealth |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-wealth-fred-trump.html |access-date=October 3, 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="Tax_Schemes"/> Wakati wakujichemanga kuti ni msilikali wa [[Trump Organization]] zina lake "[[John Barron (zina lakubisika)|John Barron]]", Trump wakachema mulembi wa nkhani Jonathan Greenberg mu 1984 kuti waleke kumupa malo ghapachanya pa mndandanda wa [[Forbes 400|''Forbes'' 400]] wa ŵanthu ŵasambazi chomene mu America.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/20/politics/trump-forbes-400-list-cnntv/ |title=Ex-Forbes reporter says Trump posed as executive, lied to him to crack Forbes 400 list |last=Stracqualursi |first=Veronica |date=April 20, 2018 |access-date=December 25, 2024 |work=[[CNN]]}}</ref>{{pb}}Trump wakajiyowoyera yekha kuti usambazi wake ukasintha chomene, kufuma pa minus madola miliyoni 900 mu 1990,<ref name="broke">{{cite news |last1=Hilzenrath |first1=David S. |last2=Singletary |first2=Michelle |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1992/11/29/trump-went-broke-but-stayed-on-top/e1685555-1de7-400c-99a8-9cd9c0bca9fe/ |title=Trump went broke, but stayed on top |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 29, 1992 |access-date=June 19, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref> kufika pa madola biliyoni 10 mu 2015.{{sfn|Johnston|2021|p=20}} Pamanyuma pa kubankirapusi kwa mabizinesi ghake mu ma 1990, awo wakabwerekako ndalama ŵakamugowokera ngongoli zakuluska 80% za ngongoli zake ndipo ŵakamuzomerezga kulutilira kuŵa na malo ghanyake.<ref name="broke"/> Mu 2015, ''[[Forbes]]'' yikawona kuti usambazi wake ukaŵa madola biliyoni 4.5, mwakutolera pa mafumbo na ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 80.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Lane |first=Randall |date=September 29, 2015 |title=Inside The Epic Fantasy That's Driven Donald Trump For 33 Years |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/randalllane/2015/09/29/inside-the-epic-fantasy-thats-driven-donald-trump-for-33-years/ |magazine=[[Forbes]] |access-date=April 3, 2025}}</ref> Mu 2026, magazini iyi yikati usambazi wake ukaŵa madola biliyoni 6.5 ndipo yikamwika pa nambara 645 pa ŵanthu ŵasambazi chomene pa charu chose.<!-- UPDATE ANNUALLY (around early April) per [[Talk:Donald Trump#C5|consensus 5]]. --><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Peterson-Withorn |first1=Chase |last2=Chung |first2=Grace |last3=Durot |first3=Matt |year=2026 |title=Forbes World's Billionaires List - The Richest in 2026 |url=https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/ |magazine=[[Forbes]] |access-date=March 24, 2026}} – Scroll down and enter "trump" in the search box.</ref> ===Ubwezi na Jeffrey Epstein=== {{main|Ubwezi wa Donald Trump na Jeffrey Epstein}} Trump wakaŵa paubwezi na [[Jeffrey Epstein]] kwa vyaka 15. Ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵamanyanga pa nyengo iyi ŵakati kanandi ŵakakhumbanga ŵanakazi ŵeneŵara ndipo ŵakachitanga mpikisano chifukwa cha ŵanakazi.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Feuer |first1=Alan |last2=Goldstein |first2=Matthew |date=July 19, 2025 |title=Inside the Long Friendship Between Trump and Epstein |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/19/us/politics/inside-trump-epstein-friendship.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=August 27, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Nkhani iyi yikamba kutchukanga chomene mu mawayilesi na pakati pa ŵanthu mu 2025 apo boma lake likafumiska yayi [[Mafayilo gha Epstein|mafayilo ghakukhwaskana na Epstein]], nangauli Trump wakalayizga kuchita nthena pa kampeni ya chisankho cha 2024.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Victoria |last1=Bisset |first2=Dylan |last2=Wells |date=August 2, 2025 |title=A timeline of how the Epstein controversy became a headache for Trump |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/07/24/trump-jeffrey-epstein-relationship-controversy-timeline/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=August 27, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mafayilo ghanyake ghakafumiskika mu Disembala 2025, kweni ghanandi ghakaŵa ghakufipiskika kuti ghawonekeso yayi.<ref>{{cite news |last=Feuer |first=Alan |date=December 20, 2025 |title=6 Takeaways From the First Batch of the Epstein Files |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/12/19/us/politics/epstein-files-takeaways.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=December 20, 2025}}</ref> Pafupifupi mapeji miliyoni zitatu agho ghakafumiskika mu 2026 ghakaŵa na mazgu pafupifupi 38,000 agho ghakayowoyanga vya Trump, muwoli wake, Mar-a-Lago, na mazina ghanyake ghakukhwaskana na Trump. Vinthu ivyo vikayowoyanga vya Trump vikapangiska "nkhani zakukopa chidwi" kweniso mazgu ghambura kukhozgeka agho ŵakaboni ŵakayowoya mu malemba agho ghakalembeka kwamba m'ma 2000.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Eder |first1=Steve |last2=Bender |first2=Michael C. |author-link2=Michael C. Bender |last3=Enrich |first3=David |author-link3=David Enrich |date=February 1, 2026 |title=How Trump Appears in the Epstein Files |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/01/us/trump-epstein-files.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=February 6, 2026}}</ref> ===Umoyo=== {{main|Ukulu wa vyaka na nkhawa za umoyo wa Donald Trump}} Trump wakuti wandamwengepo moŵa, wandasutepo sigareti, panji kugwiliskira ntchito munkhwala wakuzweteska bongo,<!-- DO NOT CHANGE preceding sentence without prior consensus; see [[Talk:Donald Trump#C67|consensus 67]]. --><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/us/trump-biden-alcohol.html |title=In Trump and Biden, a Choice of Teetotalers for President |last=Nagourney |first=Adam |author-link=Adam Nagourney |date=October 30, 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=February 5, 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/kavanaugh-likes-beer--but-trump-is-a-teetotaler-he-doesnt-like-drinkers/2018/10/02/783f585c-c674-11e8-b1ed-1d2d65b86d0c_story.html |title=Kavanaugh likes beer — but Trump is a teetotaler: 'He doesn't like drinkers.' |last1=Parker |first1=Ashley |author-link1=Ashley Parker |last2=Rucker |first2=Philip |author-link2=Philip Rucker |date=October 2, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=February 5, 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref> ndipo wakuti wakugona maora ghanayi panji ghankhondi pera usiku uliwose.<!-- DO NOT CHANGE preceding sentence without prior consensus; see [[Talk:Donald Trump#C67|consensus 67]]. --><ref>{{cite news |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/3970379/donald-trump-sleep-hours-night/ |title=Donald Trump sleeps 4–5 hours each night; he's not the only famous 'short sleeper' |last=Dangerfield |first=Katie |date=January 17, 2018 |work=[[Global News]] |access-date=February 5, 2021}}</ref>{{sfn|Almond|Du|2020}} Wakuti kuseŵera gofu ndiyo ni "nthowa yake yikuru yakuchitira maseŵero gha thupi", kweni kanandi wakwenda yayi pa malo ghose gha maseŵero agha.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2018/07/14/donald-trump-exercise-golf-cart-turnberry-110166/ |title=Donald Trump says he gets most of his exercise from golf, then uses cart at Turnberry |work=Golf News Net |date=July 14, 2018 |access-date=July 4, 2019 |first=Ryan |last=Ballengee}}</ref> Wakuwona kuti kuchita maseŵero gha thupi nkhusakwenelera chifukwa wakugomezga kuti thupi "lili nga ni batire, ilo lili na nkhongono zakumara", ndipo nkhongono izi zikumarapo chifukwa cha kuchita maseŵero gha thupi.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/trump-thinks-that-exercising-too-much-uses-up-the-bodys-finite-energy/2017/05/12/bb0b9bda-365d-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html |first=Rachael |last=Rettner |title=Trump thinks that exercising too much uses up the body's 'finite' energy |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 14, 2017 |access-date=September 29, 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{sfn|O'Donnell|Rutherford|1991|p=133}} In 2015, kampani ya Trump yikafumiska kalata yakufuma kwa dokotala wake wa nyengo yitali, [[Harold Bornstein]], iyo yikati wakazamuŵa "munthu wathanzi chomene uyo wakusankhika kuŵa pulezidenti".<ref name="dictation">{{cite news |first1=Alex |last1=Marquardt |first2=Lawrence III |last2=Crook |title=Exclusive: Bornstein claims Trump dictated the glowing health letter |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/harold-bornstein-trump-letter/ |work=[[CNN]] |date=May 1, 2018 |access-date=May 20, 2018}}</ref> Mu 2018, Bornstein wakayowoya kuti Trump ndiyo wakamuphalira ivyo vilembeke mu kalata iyi ndipo ŵanthu ŵatatu awo ŵakimiranga Trump ŵakapoka mafayilo gha chipatala chake pa nyengo iyo ŵakachita msokwe mu ofesi yake mu Febuluwale 2017.<ref name="dictation" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351 |title=Trump doctor Harold Bornstein says bodyguard, lawyer 'raided' his office, took medical files |last=Schecter |first=Anna |date=May 1, 2018 |work=[[NBC News]] |access-date=June 6, 2019}}</ref> Kwambira mu 2025, Trump wakawonekanga nga wakugona pa maungano, ndipo ichi chikapangiska ŵanthu kufumba vya nkhongono zake na umo wakupwelelera umoyo wake.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rogers |first1=Katie |author-link1=Katie Rogers (journalist) |last2=Freedman |first2=Dylan |date=November 25, 2025 |title=Shorter Days, Signs of Fatigue: Trump Faces Realities of Aging in Office |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/25/us/politics/trump-age-health.html |access-date=May 11, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Allison |first1=Natalie |last2=Diamond |first2=Dan |last3=Reiger |first3=JM |date=December 2, 2025 |title=Trump appears to doze off in another meeting |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/12/02/donald-trump-drowsy-cabinet-meeting/ |url-access=limited |access-date=May 11, 2026}}</ref> ===Chisopa=== {{main|Donald Trump na chisopa|Ŵakhristu awo ŵakukhozgera Donald Trump}} [[File:AI-Generated Image depicting Donald Trump as Jesus Christ.jpg|thumb|upright|Nkhani ya Epulero 2026|alt=Trump mu munjilira utope na chakuvwara chakofira panthazi pa mbendera ya America, na mawoko ghake ghakuwala ghakuchizga munthu uyo wagona pa bedi la chipatala. Ŵanthu ŵanayi, kusazgapo nesi na msilikari, ŵakulaŵiska apo mphwembe na ndege za nkhondo zikuluta kuchanya, ndipo kumanyuma kuli vimoto vya kusangwa pa [[Statue of Liberty]], pamoza na ŵasilikari ŵakuwoneka nga ni vivuzga na nyali zakufuma mu mabingu.]] Trump wakayowoya mu 2016 kuti wakaŵa [[Presbyterian]] ndiposo [[Protestant]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Campbell |first=Colin |title=Trump: If I'm president, 'Christianity will have power' in the US |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-christianity-merry-christmas-2016-1 |website=[[Business Insider]] |access-date=January 20, 2025 |date=January 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Engel |first=Pamela |title=Trump on God: 'Hopefully I won't have to be asking for much forgiveness' |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-on-god-jesus-2016-6 |website=[[Business Insider]] |access-date=January 20, 2025 |date=June 8, 2016}}</ref> Mu 2020, wakayowoya kuti wakaŵa Mkhristu wambura kuŵikika ku chisopa chimoza.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Jenkins |first1=Jack |last2=Mwaura |first2=Maina |title=Trump, confirmed a Presbyterian, now identifies as 'non-denominational Christian' |url=https://www.americamagazine.org/politics-society/2020/10/24/trump-confirmed-presbyterian-now-identifies-non-denominational |magazine=[[America (magazine)|America]] |access-date=January 20, 2025 |date=October 24, 2020}}</ref> Mu nyengo yake yakwamba ya u pulezidenti, Trump wakasankha muphara wake wa chisopa,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peters |first1=Jeremy W. |author-link1=Jeremy W. Peters |last2=Dias |first2=Elizabeth |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/02/us/politics/paula-white-trump.html |title=Paula White, Newest White House Aide, Is a Uniquely Trumpian Pastor |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 2, 2019 |access-date=August 14, 2025 |url-access=limited}}</ref> ndiposo mlangizi wake wa vyauzimu,<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Shellnut |first=Faith |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/2019/11/white-house-appoints-paula-white-to-oversee-faith-outreach/ |title=Trump Appoints Paula White to Oversee Faith Office |magazine=[[Christianity Today]] |date=February 10, 2025 |access-date=August 14, 2025}}</ref> mupharazgi wa pa TV [[Paula White-Cain]], kuŵa mu [[Office of Public Liaison|Ofesi ya Maubwezi gha Ŵanthu ya ku White House]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peters |first1=Jeremy W. |author-link1=Jeremy W. Peters |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |author-link2=Maggie Haberman |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/paula-white-trump.html |title=Paula White, Trump's Personal Pastor, Joins the White House |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 31, 2019 |access-date=September 29, 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Mu nyengo yake yachiŵiri, wakamusankha kuŵa mlangizi mukuru wa [[White House Faith Office|Ofesi ya Chisopa ya White House]] iyo yikapangika sonosono.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gabbatt |first=Adam |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/apr/05/paula-white-faith-office-trump |title='False teacher': Trump's pick to head the 'White House faith office' roils some fellow Christians |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=April 5, 2025 |access-date=August 14, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bridges |first1=C. A. |last2=Walker |first2=Diamond |url=https://palmbeachpost.com/story/news/trump/2025/02/20/pastor-paula-white-facts-trumps-head-white-house-faith-office/78604425007/ |title=Trump's new faith office. What to know about controversial Florida pastor Paula White |newspaper=[[The Palm Beach Post]] |date=February 20, 2025 |access-date=August 14, 2025}}</ref> Kafukufuku munyengo yake yakwamba ya u pulezidenti wakalongora kuti 63% ya ŵanthu mu America ŵakagomezganga yayi kuti wakaŵa munthu wa chisopa ndipo 44% ŵakagomezganga kuti wakaŵa Mkhristu.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fahmy |first=Dalia |date=March 25, 2020 |title=Most Americans don't see Trump as religious; fewer than half say they think he's Christian |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/03/25/most-americans-dont-see-trump-as-religious/ |access-date=April 21, 2023 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]}}</ref> Mu kafukufuku wa Epulero 2026, 70% ya awo ŵakafumbika ŵakati Trump ngwakusopa yayi chomene panji wakusopa yayi nadi.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rotolo |first=Chip |date=April 16, 2026 |title=Americans have become more likely to say Trump is not too or not at all religious |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2026/04/16/americans-have-become-more-likely-to-say-trump-is-not-too-or-not-at-all-religious/?cb_viewport=tablet |access-date=June 2, 2026 |work=[[Pew Research Center]]}}</ref> Ivyo Trump wakayowoya vya Baibolo panji milimo ya Chikhristu vyapangiska ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakumususka kuyowoya kuti kumanya kwake Chikhristu nkhwachoko panji kwambura kwenelera, ndipo ŵalembi ŵachoko waka ŵa mbiri ya umoyo wake ŵakamulongosora kuti wakaŵa munthu wakusopa chomene yayi panji kuti wakaŵa wakusopa chomene nadi yayi.<ref name="LATimes17">{{cite news |last1=Friedman |first1=Ann |title=Op-Ed: Is Trump religious? Who cares? |url=https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-friedman-trump-religion-20170419-story.html |access-date=March 31, 2025 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=April 19, 2017}}</ref><ref name="NPR16">{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Jessica |title=Citing 'Two Corinthians,' Trump Struggles To Make The Sale To Evangelicals |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/01/18/463528847/citing-two-corinthians-trump-struggles-to-make-the-sale-to-evangelicals |access-date=March 31, 2025 |work=[[NPR News]] |date=January 18, 2016}}</ref> Mu Epulero 2026, Trump wakatumizga chithuzithuzi chakapangika na [[AI art|AI]] icho chikamulongora nga ni Yesu Khristu. Chithuzithuzi ichi chikafufutika pamanyuma pa kususkika. Pamanyuma wakayowoya kuti wakaghanaghananga kuti chithuzithuzi ichi chikamulongoranga nga ni dokotala.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rogers |first=Katie |author-link1=Katie Rogers (journalist) |date=April 13, 2026 |title=Trump Posted a Picture of Himself as Jesus. Now He's Trying to Explain It Away. |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/13/us/politics/trump-jesus-picture-pope-leo.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=May 4, 2026}}</ref> ==Wonaniso== * [[List of awards and honors received by Donald Trump]] * [[Pseudonyms used by Donald Trump]] ==Vyakuti mumanye== {{notelist}} ==Ukaboni== ===Citations=== {{reflist}} ===Mabuku ghakulembeka=== ====Wabuku waka==== <!-- This section is ONLY for books that are cited in footnotes of this Wikipedia article. --> {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last=Barrett |first=Wayne |author-link=Wayne Barrett |date=2016 |orig-date=1992 |title=Trump: The Greatest Show On Earth: The Deals, the Downfall, the Reinvention |publisher=[[Regan Arts]] |isbn=978-1-68245-079-6}} * {{cite book |title=[[The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire]] |last=Blair |first=Gwenda |author-link=Gwenda Blair |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2015 |orig-year=2001 |isbn=978-1-5011-3936-9}} * {{cite book |last1=Buettner |first1=Russ |author-link1=Russ Buettner |last2=Craig |first2=Susanne |author-link2=Susanne Craig |title=[[Lucky Loser (book)|Lucky Loser: How Donald Trump Squandered His Father's Fortune And Created The Illusion of Success]] |publisher=[[Penguin Press]] |date=2024 |isbn=978-0-593-29864-0}} * {{cite book |title=Never enough : Donald Trump and the pursuit of success |last=D'Antonio |first=Michael |author-link=Michael D'Antonio |date=2015 |publisher=Thomas Dunne Books, St. Martin's Press |isbn=978-1-250-04238-5}} * {{cite book |title=[[Confidence Man: The Making of Donald Trump and the Breaking of America]] |last=Haberman |first=Maggie |author-link=Maggie Haberman |date=2022 |publisher=Penguin Press |isbn=978-0-593-29734-6}} * {{cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1}} * {{cite book |last=Hurt III |first=Harry |author-link=Harry Hurt III |year=1993 |title=Lost Tycoon |publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company]]. |pages=447 |isbn=0-393-03029-6}} * {{cite book |last=Johnston |first=David Cay |author-link=David Cay Johnston |year=2016 |title=[[The Making of Donald Trump]] |publisher=[[Melville House Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-61219-658-9}} * {{cite book |last=Johnston |first=David Cay |author-link=David Cay Johnston |date=2021 |title=The Big Cheat: How Donald Trump Fleeced America And Enriched Himself And His Family |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |isbn=978-1-9821-7804-8}} * {{cite book |last1=Kakutani |first1=Michiko |title=The Death of Truth: Notes on Falsehood in the Age of Trump |date=2018 |publisher=[[Crown/Archetype]] |isbn=978-0-525-57484-2 |chapter=The Firehose of Falsehood: Propaganda and Fake News |author-link=Michiko Kakutani |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vlw_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT94}} * {{cite book |last=Klein |first=Naomi |author-link=Naomi Klein |date=2017 |title=[[No Is Not Enough]] |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |isbn=978-0-14-198679-1}} * {{cite book |title=Trump Revealed: The Definitive Biography of the 45th President |last1=Kranish |first1=Michael |author-link1=Michael Kranish |last2=Fisher |first2=Marc |author-link2=Marc Fisher |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2017 |orig-year=2016 |isbn=978-1-5011-5652-6 |title-link=Trump Revealed}} * {{cite book |first=Jon |last=Meacham |author-link=Jon Meacham |title=[[Destiny and Power: The American Odyssey of George Herbert Walker Bush]] |date=2016 |publisher=[[Random House]] |isbn=978-0-8129-7947-3}} * {{cite book |title=TrumpNation: The Art of Being The Donald |year=2005a |author-link=Timothy L. O'Brien |last=O'Brien |first=Timothy L. |publisher=[[Grand Central Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-446-69617-3}} * {{cite book |title=Trumped! |last1=O'Donnell |first1=John R. |last2=Rutherford |first2=James |publisher=Crossroad Press Trade Edition |year=1991 |isbn=978-1-946025-26-5 |title-link=Trumped! (book)}} {{refend}}<!-- Resolve 5 harv no-citation script warnings in the cite bundle in #Racial_views -->{{cite whitelink|CITEREFLopez2019|CITEREFDesjardins2018|CITEREFDawsey2018|CITEREFStoddardMfula2018|CITEREFWeaver2018b}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFKranishFisher2017|CITEREFBlair2015|CITEREFO'DonnellRutherford1991}} ====Mapepala==== {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adams |first1=Kenneth Alan |date=Spring 2021 |title=The Trump Death Cult |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/c5d4601ebe8dcb232f9ab2965e900d70/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=35407 |journal=[[Journal of Psychohistory]] |volume=48 |issue=4 |access-date=February 22, 2026 |pages=256–276 |issn=0145-3378}} * {{cite journal |last1=Diamond |first1=Michael J. |date=February 22, 2023 |title=Perverted Containment: Trumpism, Cult Creation, and the Rise of Destructive American Populism |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07351690.2023.2163147 |journal=Psychoanalytic Inquiry |volume=43 |issue=2 |access-date=February 22, 2026 |pages=96–109 |issn=0735-1690 |doi=10.1080/07351690.2023.2163147 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106102947/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07351690.2023.2163147 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |url-access=subscription}} * {{cite journal |first1=Douglas |last1=Almond |first2=Xinming |last2=Du |journal=[[Economics Letters]] |title=Later bedtimes predict President Trump's performance |volume=197 |doi=10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109590 |date=December 2020 |article-number=109590 |pmid=33012904 |pmc=7518119 |issn=0165-1765}} * {{cite journal |last=Berman |first=Sheri |author-link=Sheri Berman |date=May 2021 |title=The Causes of Populism in the West |journal=Annual Review of Political Science |volume=24 |issue= |pages=71–88 |issn=1094-2939 |doi=10.1146/annurev-polisci-041719-102503 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal |last1=Campani |first1=Giovanna |last2=Concepción |first2=Sunamis Fabelo |last3=Soler |first3=Angel Rodriguez |last4=Savín |first4=Claudia Sánchez |date=November 2, 2022 |title=The Rise of Donald Trump Right-Wing Populism in the United States: Middle American Radicalism and Anti-Immigration Discourse |journal=Societies |volume=12 |issue=6 |page=154 |doi=10.3390/soc12060154 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal |last1=Castañeda |first1=Ernesto |last2=Jenks |first2=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=238–253 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760}} * {{cite journal |year=2018 |doi=10.1080/01463373.2018.1438485 |title=Make America Great Again: Donald Trump and Redefining the U.S. Role in the World |journal=[[Communication Quarterly]] |volume=66 |issue=2<!-- |pages=176–195 --> |page=176 |first=Jason A. |last=Edwards}} * {{cite journal |last1=Gaufman |first1=Elizaveta |last2=Ganesh |first2=Bharath |title=The Trump Carnival: Populism, Transgression and the Far Right Bias - Chapter 6: Laughing Culture |journal=De Gruyter Contemporary Social Sciences |volume=35 |date=2024 |pages=69–70 |doi=10.1515/9783111238135-006 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal |last1=Goldsmith |first1=Benajmin E. |last2=Moen |first2=Lars J. K. |date=May 14, 2024 |title=The personality of a personality cult? Personality characteristics of Donald Trump's most loyal supporters |journal=[[Political Psychology]] |volume=46 |issue=Special Issue |pages=225–243 |issn=0162-895X |doi=10.1111/pops.12991 |doi-access=free|hdl=1885/733752725 |hdl-access=free}} * {{cite journal |last=Johnson |first=Kevin R. |author-link=Kevin Johnson (lawyer) |title=Immigration and civil rights in the Trump administration: Law and policy making by executive order |journal=[[Santa Clara Law Review]] |year=2017a |volume=57 |issue=3 |pages=611–665 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/saclr57&div=21&id=&page=}} * {{cite journal |last1=Johnson |first1=Kevin R. |author-link1=Kevin Johnson (lawyer) |last2=Cuison-Villazor |first2=Rose |title=The Trump Administration and the War on Immigration Diversity |journal=[[Wake Forest Law Review]] |date=May 2, 2019 |url=https://www.wakeforestlawreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/w10_VillazorJohnson.pdf |pages=575–616 |volume=54 |issue=2}} * {{cite journal |last1=Kaufman |first1=Robert R. |last2=Haggard |first2=Stephan |author-link2=Stephan Haggard |title=Democratic Decline in the United States: What Can We Learn from Middle-Income Backsliding? |journal=[[Perspectives on Politics]] |date=2019 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=417–432 |doi=10.1017/S1537592718003377 |s2cid=149457724 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal |last1=Lajevardi |first1=Nazita |last2=Oskooii |first2=Kassra A. R. |year=2018 |title=Old-Fashioned Racism, Contemporary Islamophobia, and the Isolation of Muslim Americans in the Age of Trump |journal=Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=112–152 |doi=10.1017/rep.2017.37}} * {{cite journal |last=McGurk |first=Brett |author-link=Brett McGurk |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2020-01-22/cost-incoherent-foreign-policy |title=The Cost of an Incoherent Foreign Policy: Trump's Iran Imbroglio Undermines U.S. Priorities Everywhere Else |journal=[[Foreign Affairs]] |date=January 22, 2020}} * {{cite journal |last1=Nacos |first1=Brigitte L. |author-link1=Brigitte L. Nacos |last2=Shapiro |first2=Robert Y. |author-link2=Robert Y. Shapiro |last3=Bloch-Elkon |first3=Yaeli |date=2020 |title=Donald Trump: Aggressive Rhetoric and Political Violence |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26940036 |journal=[[Perspectives on Terrorism]] |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=2–25 |issn=2334-3745 |jstor=26940036 |access-date=January 20, 2025}} * {{cite journal |last=O'Brien |first=Shannon |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-50551-6_3 |title=Donald Trump and the Kayfabe Presidency - Wrestling with the Presidency: How Donald Trump Uses Wrestling and Theatrical Tactics in the Public Sphere |journal=Rhetoric, Politics and Society |date=July 22, 2020 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-50551-6_3 |pages=39–58 |url-access=subscription}} * {{cite journal |last1=Parker |first1=Christopher Sebastian |last2=Towler |first2=Christopher C. |date=May 2019 |title=Race and Authoritarianism in American Politics |journal=[[Annual Review of Political Science]] |volume=22 |issue= |pages=503–519 |issn=1094-2939 |doi=10.1146/annurev-polisci-050317-064519 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal |last1=Perry |first1=Samuel L. |author-link1=Samuel L. Perry |last2=Whitehead |first2=Andrew L. |last3=Grubbs |first3=Joshua B. |date=April 21, 2021 |title=The Devil That You Know: Christian Nationalism and Intent to Change One's Voting Behavior For or Against Trump in 2020 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S175504832100002X/type/journal_article |journal=Politics and Religion |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=229–246 |doi=10.1017/S175504832100002X |hdl=11244/334967 |hdl-access=free}} * {{cite journal |last1=Piazza |first1=James |last2=Van Doren |first2=Natalia |date=October 8, 2022 |title=It's About Hate: Approval of Donald Trump, Racism, Xenophobia and Support for Political Violence |journal=[[American Politics Research]] |volume=51 |issue=3 |pages=299–314 |issn=1532-673X |doi=10.1177/1532673X221131561 |pmid=40787175 |pmc=12333664}} * {{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |author-link1=David Pion-Berlin |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=[[Government and Opposition]] |volume=FirstView |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free|hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}} * {{cite journal |last1=Reyes |first1=Antonio |date=May 4, 2020 |title=I, Trump The cult of personality, anti-intellectualism and the Post-Truth era |url=https://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/jlp.20002.rey |journal=Journal of Language and Politics |volume=19 |issue=6 |access-date=February 22, 2026 |pages=869–892 |issn=1569-2159 |doi=10.1075/jlp.20002.rey |url-access=subscription}} * {{cite journal |last1=Rothe |first1=Dawn L. |last2=Collins |first2=Victoria E. |date=November 17, 2019 |title=Turning Back the Clock? Violence against Women and the Trump Administration |journal=Victims & Offenders |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=965–978 |doi=10.1080/15564886.2019.1671284}} * {{cite journal |last=Ross |first=Bertrall L. |date=July 1, 2024 |title=Polarization, Populism, and the Crisis of American Democracy |journal=[[Annual Review of Law and Social Science]] |volume=20 |pages=293–308 |doi=10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-041922-035113 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal |last1=Schaffner |first1=Brian F. |author-link1=Brian Schaffner |last2=Macwilliams |first2=Matthew |last3=Nteta |first3=Tatishe |date=March 2018 |title=Understanding White Polarization in the 2016 Vote for President: The Sobering Role of Racism and Sexism |journal=[[Political Science Quarterly]] |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=9–34 |doi=10.1002/polq.12737 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal |last=Stephens-Dougan |first=LaFluer |date=May 2021 |title=The Persistence of Racial Cues and Appeals in American Elections |journal=[[Annual Review of Political Science]] |volume=24 |issue= |pages=301–320 |issn=1094-2939 |doi=10.1146/annurev-polisci-082619-015522 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal |last1=Sundahl |first1=Anne-Mette Holmgård |title=Personality Cult or a Mere Matter of Popularity? |journal=[[International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society]] |volume=36 |issue=4 |date=May 4, 2022 |pages=431–458 |doi=10.1007/s10767-022-09423-0 |pmid=35528318 |pmc=9066393}} * {{cite journal |last=Urbinati |first=Nadia |author-link=Nadia Urbinati |date=May 2019 |title=Political Theory of Populism |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-polisci-050317-070753 |journal=[[Annual Review of Political Science]] |volume=22 |access-date=December 20, 2024 |pages=111–127 |issn=1094-2939 |doi=10.1146/annurev-polisci-050317-070753 |url-access=subscription}} {{refend}} ==Wonani vinandi== * [[Bibliography of Donald Trump#Credited to Trump|Books credited to Trump]] * [[Bibliography of Donald Trump#About Trump|Books about Trump]] ==Ma webusaiti== {{library resources box|by=yes}} <!-- Please be cautious about adding external links. See Wikipedia:External links and Wikipedia:Spam for details. If there are already suitable links, propose additions or replacements on the article's talk page or submit your link to the relevant category at DMOZ (dmoz.org) and link there using {{dmoz}}. --> * [https://www.thetrumparchive.com/ Archive of Donald Trump's tweets] (Enter 2021-01-09 into the '''End Date''' field to view tweets from before the suspension.)<!-- DO NOT CHANGE without prior consensus; see [[Talk:Donald Trump#C9|consensus 9]].--><!-- Link of his suspended Twitter account: [https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump Donald Trump] on Twitter (personal account, permanently suspended as of January 8, 2021) --> {{Donald Trump}} {{First presidency of Donald Trump}} {{Second presidency of Donald Trump}} {{navboxes top |title=Offices and distinctions }} {{s-start}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-bef|before=[[Mitt Romney]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for President of the United States|years=[[2016 United States presidential election|2016]], [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]], [[2024 United States presidential election|2024]]}} {{s-inc|recent}} {{s-off|usa}} {{s-bef|before=[[Barack Obama]]}} {{s-ttl|title=President of the United States|years=2017–2021}} {{s-aft|after=[[Joe Biden]]}} {{s-bef|before=Joe Biden}} {{s-ttl|title=President of the United States|years=2025–present}} {{s-inc}} {{s-prec|usa}} {{s-new|first}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Order of precedence of the United States]]<br>''as President''|years=}} {{s-aft|after=[[JD Vance]]|as=Vice President}} {{s-end}} {{navboxes bottom}} {{navboxes top |title=Articles related to Donald Trump }} {{Trump businesses}} {{Trump media}} {{Current U.S. Cabinet}} {{Current G7 leaders}} {{Current NATO leaders}} {{Current G20 leaders}} {{APEC leaders}} {{Presidents of the United States}} {{Unsuccessful major party pres candidates}} {{First Trump cabinet}} {{Second Trump cabinet}} {{navboxes bottom}} {{subject bar |commons=y |n=y |n-search=Category:Donald Trump |wikt=y |wikt-search=Category:en:Donald Trump |q=y |s=y |s-search=Author:Donald John Trump |d=y |d-search=Q22686 |portal1 = United States |portal2 = Florida |portal3 = New York (state) |portal4 = Biography |portal5 = Business |portal6 = Conservatism |portal7 = Crime |portal8 = Current events |portal9 = Modern history |portal10 = Politics}} {{#invoke:Authority control|authorityControl}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Trump, Donald}} [[Category:Donald Trump| ]] [[Category:Kubabika mu 1946]] [[Category:Ŵamoyo]] [[Category:Skandalo ya Trump–Ukraine ya 2019]] [[Category:Kwendeskera gulu la anti-LGBTQ mu United States mu vyaka vya 2020]] [[Category:Ŵamalonda ŵa ku America ŵa mu vyaka vya m'ma 20]] [[Category:Ŵalembi ŵa mabuku ghambura nthano ŵa ku America ŵa mu vyaka vya m'ma 20]] [[Category:ŴaPresbyterian ŵa mu vyaka vya m'ma 20]] [[Category:Ŵamalonda ŵa ku America ŵa mu vyaka vya m'ma 21]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵa ku America ŵakuchita milandu mu vyaka vya m'ma 21]] [[Category:Ŵalembi ŵa mabuku ghambura nthano ŵa ku America ŵa mu vyaka vya m'ma 21]] [[Category:Ŵandyali ŵa Florida ŵa mu vyaka vya m'ma 21]] [[Category:Ŵandyali ŵa New York (boma) ŵa mu vyaka vya m'ma 21]] [[Category:ŴaPresbyterian ŵa mu vyaka vya m'ma 21]] [[Category:Ŵapulezidenti ŵa United States ŵa mu vyaka vya m'ma 21]] [[Category:Ŵakususkana na chikominisiti ŵa ku America]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵa ku America ŵa mabiliyoni]] [[Category:Ŵamalonda ŵa ku America ŵakusangika na mulandu]] [[Category:Ŵamalonda ŵa ku America mu bizinesi ya ma kasino]] [[Category:Ŵamalonda ŵa ku America mu bizinesi ya malo na nyumba]] [[Category:Ŵalembi ŵa mabuku gha bizinesi ŵa ku America]] [[Category:Ŵapampando ŵa makampani ŵa ku America]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵa ku America ŵakugomezga visolai]] [[Category:Ŵakususkana na chalo chose kuŵa chimoza]] [[Category:Ŵa hotelo ŵa ku America]] [[Category:Ŵakukana kwiza kwa ŵalendo ŵa ku America]] [[Category:Ŵayambiski ŵa makampani gha intaneti ŵa ku America]] [[Category:Ŵakusazgapo vyakukhumba vya mtundu wa America]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵa ku America mu nkhondo ya Iran ya 2026]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵa ku America ŵakufuma ku Germany]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵa ku America ŵakufuma ku Scotland]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵa ku America mu Nkhondo ya Afghanistan (2001–2021)]] [[Category:Ŵandyali ŵa ku America awo ŵakasintha chipani]] [[Category:ŴaPresbyterian ŵa ku America]] [[Category:Ŵapangi ŵa mapulogalamu gha kanema wa pa TV ŵa ku America]] [[Category:Ŵalongozgi ŵa maseŵero gha pa TV ŵa ku America]] [[Category:Ŵakulongosora vinthu mwaluso ŵa ku America]] [[Category:Ŵalongozgi ŵa TV ŵa ku America]] [[Category:Mitu ya nkhani iyo yili na mavidiyo]] [[Category:Kuyezga kumukoma Donald Trump ku Pennsylvania]] [[Category:Ŵamalonda ŵakufuma ku Florida]] [[Category:Ŵamalonda ŵakufuma ku Palm Beach, Florida]] [[Category:Ŵakusankhidwa mu chisankho cha pulezidenti cha United States cha 2000]] [[Category:Ŵakusankhidwa mu chisankho cha pulezidenti cha United States cha 2016]] [[Category:Ŵakusankhidwa mu chisankho cha pulezidenti cha United States cha 2020]] [[Category:Ŵakusankhidwa mu chisankho cha pulezidenti cha United States cha 2024]] [[Category:Ŵakususkana na feminism]] [[Category:Ŵakususkana na Islamism]] [[Category:Ŵakususkana na socialism]] [[Category:Ŵandyali ŵa Florida awo ŵakasangika na milandu]] [[Category:Ŵa Republican ŵa Florida]] [[Category:Ŵakupokera mphotho ya Ig Nobel]] [[Category:Ŵanthu awo ŵakujichema zina lawo]] [[Category:Ŵapulezidenti ŵa United States awo ŵakasuskika]] [[Category:Kuukira nyumba ya boma ya United States pa January 6]] [[Category:Ŵanalume ŵakususkana na feminism]] [[Category:Ŵa Democrat ŵa New York (boma)]] [[Category:Ŵakujiyimira ŵa New York (boma)]] [[Category:Ŵandyali ŵa New York (boma) awo ŵakasangika na milandu]] [[Category:Ŵa Republican ŵa New York (boma)]] [[Category:Ŵasambiri ŵa New York Military Academy]] [[Category:Ŵanthu awo ŵakukhwaskana na ndalama za cryptocurrency]] [[Category:Ŵanthu awo ŵakukhwaskana na kuukira nyumba ya boma ya United States pa January 6]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku Jamaica, Queens]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵa Nkhondo ya Masiku Khumi na Aŵiri]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵa nkhondo ya Gaza]] [[Category:Ŵapulezidenti ŵa United States]] [[Category:ŴaPresbyterian kufuma ku New York (boma)]] [[Category:Ŵakuzenga na kupangiska malo na nyumba kufuma ku Queens, New York]] [[Category:Ŵandyali ŵa Reform Party of the United States of America]] [[Category:Ŵakusankhidwa kuŵa pulezidenti na Republican Party (United States)]] [[Category:Ŵapulezidenti ŵa Republican Party ŵa United States]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa pa TV kufuma ku New York City]] [[Category:Ŵapangi ŵa mapulogalamu gha TV kufuma ku Queens, New York]] [[Category:Munthu wa Chaka wa Time]] [[Category:Ŵa mbumba ya Trump|Donald]] [[Category:Ŵantchito ŵa The Trump Organization]] [[Category:Trumpism|*]] [[Category:Ŵalongozgi ŵa United States Football League]] [[Category:Nkhondo ya munkhwala wakuzgolera vyakutemwa kugwiriska ntchito munkhwala wakuzweteska]] [[Category:Ŵasambiri ŵa Wharton School]] 4wwo5j28aharwg6wk7p748mnmm0s7q5 828 13418 116649 116448 2026-07-10T20:31:50Z Uzume 916 Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q24733825|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer| #Synchronizer]] 116649 Scribunto text/plain -- Original module located at [[:en:Module:Wd]] and [[:en:Module:Wd/i18n]]. require("strict") local p = {} local module_arg = ... local i18n local i18nPath local function loadI18n(aliasesP, frame) local title if frame then -- current module invoked by page/template, get its title from frame title = frame:getTitle() else -- current module included by other module, get its title from ... title = module_arg end if not i18n then i18nPath = title .. "/i18n" i18n = require(i18nPath).init(aliasesP) end end p.claimCommands = { property = "property", properties = "properties", qualifier = "qualifier", qualifiers = "qualifiers", reference = "reference", references = "references" } p.generalCommands = { label = "label", title = "title", description = "description", alias = "alias", aliases = "aliases", badge = "badge", badges = "badges" } p.flags = { linked = "linked", short = "short", raw = "raw", multilanguage = "multilanguage", unit = "unit", ------------- preferred = "preferred", normal = "normal", deprecated = "deprecated", best = "best", future = "future", current = "current", former = "former", edit = "edit", editAtEnd = "edit@end", mdy = "mdy", single = "single", sourced = "sourced" } p.args = { eid = "eid", page = "page", date = "date", globalSiteId = "globalSiteId" } local aliasesP = { coord = "P625", ----------------------- image = "P18", author = "P50", authorNameString = "P2093", publisher = "P123", importedFrom = "P143", wikimediaImportURL = "P4656", statedIn = "P248", pages = "P304", language = "P407", hasPart = "P527", publicationDate = "P577", startTime = "P580", endTime = "P582", chapter = "P792", retrieved = "P813", referenceURL = "P854", sectionVerseOrParagraph = "P958", archiveURL = "P1065", title = "P1476", formatterURL = "P1630", quote = "P1683", shortName = "P1813", definingFormula = "P2534", archiveDate = "P2960", inferredFrom = "P3452", typeOfReference = "P3865", column = "P3903", subjectNamedAs = "P1810", wikidataProperty = "P1687", publishedIn = "P1433", lastUpdate = "P5017" } local aliasesQ = { percentage = "Q11229", prolepticJulianCalendar = "Q1985786", citeWeb = "Q5637226", citeQ = "Q22321052" } local parameters = { property = "%p", qualifier = "%q", reference = "%r", alias = "%a", badge = "%b", separator = "%s", general = "%x" } local formats = { property = "%p[%s][%r]", qualifier = "%q[%s][%r]", reference = "%r", propertyWithQualifier = "%p[ <span style=\"font-size:85\\%\">(%q)</span>][%s][%r]", alias = "%a[%s]", badge = "%b[%s]" } local hookNames = { -- {level_1, level_2} [parameters.property] = {"getProperty"}, [parameters.reference] = {"getReferences", "getReference"}, [parameters.qualifier] = {"getAllQualifiers"}, [parameters.qualifier.."\\d"] = {"getQualifiers", "getQualifier"}, [parameters.alias] = {"getAlias"}, [parameters.badge] = {"getBadge"} } -- default value objects, should NOT be mutated but instead copied local defaultSeparators = { ["sep"] = {" "}, ["sep%s"] = {","}, ["sep%q"] = {"; "}, ["sep%q\\d"] = {", "}, ["sep%r"] = nil, -- none ["punc"] = nil -- none } local rankTable = { ["preferred"] = 1, ["normal"] = 2, ["deprecated"] = 3 } local function replaceAlias(id) if aliasesP[id] then id = aliasesP[id] end return id end local function errorText(code, ...) local text = i18n["errors"][code] if arg then text = mw.ustring.format(text, unpack(arg)) end return text end local function throwError(errorMessage, ...) error(errorText(errorMessage, unpack(arg))) end local function replaceDecimalMark(num) return mw.ustring.gsub(num, "[.]", i18n['numeric']['decimal-mark'], 1) end local function padZeros(num, numDigits) local numZeros local negative = false if num < 0 then negative = true num = num * -1 end num = tostring(num) numZeros = numDigits - num:len() for _ = 1, numZeros do num = "0"..num end if negative then num = "-"..num end return num end local function replaceSpecialChar(chr) if chr == '_' then -- replace underscores with spaces return ' ' else return chr end end local function replaceSpecialChars(str) local chr local esc = false local strOut = "" for i = 1, #str do chr = str:sub(i,i) if not esc then if chr == '\\' then esc = true else strOut = strOut .. replaceSpecialChar(chr) end else strOut = strOut .. chr esc = false end end return strOut end local function buildWikilink(target, label) if not label or target == label then return "[[" .. target .. "]]" else return "[[" .. target .. "|" .. label .. "]]" end end -- used to make frame.args mutable, to replace #frame.args (which is always 0) -- with the actual amount and to simply copy tables local function copyTable(tIn) if not tIn then return nil end local tOut = {} for i, v in pairs(tIn) do tOut[i] = v end return tOut end -- used to merge output arrays together; -- note that it currently mutates the first input array local function mergeArrays(a1, a2) for i = 1, #a2 do a1[#a1 + 1] = a2[i] end return a1 end local function split(str, del) local out = {} local i, j = str:find(del) if i and j then out[1] = str:sub(1, i - 1) out[2] = str:sub(j + 1) else out[1] = str end return out end local function parseWikidataURL(url) local id if url:match('^http[s]?://') then id = split(url, "Q") if id[2] then return "Q" .. id[2] end end return nil end local function parseDate(dateStr, precision) precision = precision or "d" local i, j, index, ptr local parts = {nil, nil, nil} if dateStr == nil then return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end -- 'T' for snak values, '/' for outputs with '/Julian' attached i, j = dateStr:find("[T/]") if i then dateStr = dateStr:sub(1, i-1) end local from = 1 if dateStr:sub(1,1) == "-" then -- this is a negative number, look further ahead from = 2 end index = 1 ptr = 1 i, j = dateStr:find("-", from) if i then -- year parts[index] = tonumber(dateStr:sub(ptr, i-1), 10) -- explicitly give base 10 to prevent error if parts[index] == -0 then parts[index] = tonumber("0") -- for some reason, 'parts[index] = 0' may actually store '-0', so parse from string instead end if precision == "y" then -- we're done return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end index = index + 1 ptr = i + 1 i, j = dateStr:find("-", ptr) if i then -- month parts[index] = tonumber(dateStr:sub(ptr, i-1), 10) if precision == "m" then -- we're done return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end index = index + 1 ptr = i + 1 end end if dateStr:sub(ptr) ~= "" then -- day if we have month, month if we have year, or year parts[index] = tonumber(dateStr:sub(ptr), 10) end return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end local function datePrecedesDate(aY, aM, aD, bY, bM, bD) if aY == nil or bY == nil then return nil end aM = aM or 1 aD = aD or 1 bM = bM or 1 bD = bD or 1 if aY < bY then return true end if aY > bY then return false end if aM < bM then return true end if aM > bM then return false end if aD < bD then return true end return false end local function getHookName(param, index) if hookNames[param] then return hookNames[param][index] elseif param:len() > 2 then return hookNames[param:sub(1, 2).."\\d"][index] else return nil end end local function alwaysTrue() return true end -- The following function parses a format string. -- -- The example below shows how a parsed string is structured in memory. -- Variables other than 'str' and 'child' are left out for clarity's sake. -- -- Example: -- "A %p B [%s[%q1]] C [%r] D" -- -- Structure: -- [ -- { -- str = "A " -- }, -- { -- str = "%p" -- }, -- { -- str = " B ", -- child = -- [ -- { -- str = "%s", -- child = -- [ -- { -- str = "%q1" -- } -- ] -- } -- ] -- }, -- { -- str = " C ", -- child = -- [ -- { -- str = "%r" -- } -- ] -- }, -- { -- str = " D" -- } -- ] -- local function parseFormat(str) local chr, esc, param, root, cur, prev, new local params = {} local function newObject(array) local obj = {} -- new object obj.str = "" array[#array + 1] = obj -- array{object} obj.parent = array return obj end local function endParam() if param > 0 then if cur.str ~= "" then cur.str = "%"..cur.str cur.param = true params[cur.str] = true cur.parent.req[cur.str] = true prev = cur cur = newObject(cur.parent) end param = 0 end end root = {} -- array root.req = {} cur = newObject(root) prev = nil esc = false param = 0 for i = 1, #str do chr = str:sub(i,i) if not esc then if chr == '\\' then endParam() esc = true elseif chr == '%' then endParam() if cur.str ~= "" then cur = newObject(cur.parent) end param = 2 elseif chr == '[' then endParam() if prev and cur.str == "" then table.remove(cur.parent) cur = prev end cur.child = {} -- new array cur.child.req = {} cur.child.parent = cur cur = newObject(cur.child) elseif chr == ']' then endParam() if cur.parent.parent then new = newObject(cur.parent.parent.parent) if cur.str == "" then table.remove(cur.parent) end cur = new end else if param > 1 then param = param - 1 elseif param == 1 then if not chr:match('%d') then endParam() end end cur.str = cur.str .. replaceSpecialChar(chr) end else cur.str = cur.str .. chr esc = false end prev = nil end endParam() -- make sure that at least one required parameter has been defined if not next(root.req) then throwError("missing-required-parameter") end -- make sure that the separator parameter "%s" is not amongst the required parameters if root.req[parameters.separator] then throwError("extra-required-parameter", parameters.separator) end return root, params end local function sortOnRank(claims) local rankPos local ranks = {{}, {}, {}, {}} -- preferred, normal, deprecated, (default) local sorted = {} for _, v in ipairs(claims) do rankPos = rankTable[v.rank] or 4 ranks[rankPos][#ranks[rankPos] + 1] = v end sorted = ranks[1] sorted = mergeArrays(sorted, ranks[2]) sorted = mergeArrays(sorted, ranks[3]) return sorted end local function isValueInTable(searchedItem, inputTable) for _, item in pairs(inputTable) do if item == searchedItem then return true end end return false end local Config = {} -- allows for recursive calls function Config:new() local cfg = {} setmetatable(cfg, self) self.__index = self cfg.separators = { -- single value objects wrapped in arrays so that we can pass by reference ["sep"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep"])}, ["sep%s"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%s"])}, ["sep%q"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%q"])}, ["sep%r"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%r"])}, ["punc"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["punc"])} } cfg.entity = nil cfg.entityID = nil cfg.propertyID = nil cfg.propertyValue = nil cfg.qualifierIDs = {} cfg.qualifierIDsAndValues = {} cfg.bestRank = true cfg.ranks = {true, true, false} -- preferred = true, normal = true, deprecated = false cfg.foundRank = #cfg.ranks cfg.flagBest = false cfg.flagRank = false cfg.periods = {true, true, true} -- future = true, current = true, former = true cfg.flagPeriod = false cfg.atDate = {parseDate(os.date('!%Y-%m-%d'))} -- today as {year, month, day} cfg.mdyDate = false cfg.singleClaim = false cfg.sourcedOnly = false cfg.editable = false cfg.editAtEnd = false cfg.inSitelinks = false cfg.langCode = mw.language.getContentLanguage().code cfg.langName = mw.language.fetchLanguageName(cfg.langCode, cfg.langCode) cfg.langObj = mw.language.new(cfg.langCode) cfg.siteID = mw.wikibase.getGlobalSiteId() cfg.states = {} cfg.states.qualifiersCount = 0 cfg.curState = nil cfg.prefetchedRefs = nil return cfg end local State = {} function State:new(cfg, type) local stt = {} setmetatable(stt, self) self.__index = self stt.conf = cfg stt.type = type stt.results = {} stt.parsedFormat = {} stt.separator = {} stt.movSeparator = {} stt.puncMark = {} stt.linked = false stt.rawValue = false stt.shortName = false stt.anyLanguage = false stt.unitOnly = false stt.singleValue = false return stt end -- if id == nil then item connected to current page is used function Config:getLabel(id, raw, link, short) local label = nil local prefix, title= "", nil if not id then id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() if not id then return "" end end id = id:upper() -- just to be sure if raw then -- check if given id actually exists if mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) and mw.wikibase.entityExists(id) then label = id end prefix, title = "d:Special:EntityPage/", label -- may be nil else -- try short name first if requested if short then label = p._property{aliasesP.shortName, [p.args.eid] = id} -- get short name if label == "" then label = nil end end -- get label if not label then label = mw.wikibase.getLabel(id) end end if not label then label = "" elseif link then -- build a link if requested if not title then if id:sub(1,1) == "Q" then title = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(id) elseif id:sub(1,1) == "P" then -- properties have no sitelink, link to Wikidata instead prefix, title = "d:Special:EntityPage/", id end end label = mw.text.nowiki(label) -- escape raw label text so it cannot be wikitext markup if title then label = buildWikilink(prefix .. title, label) end end return label end function Config:getEditIcon() local value = "" local prefix = "" local front = "&nbsp;" local back = "" if self.entityID:sub(1,1) == "P" then prefix = "Property:" end if self.editAtEnd then front = '<span style="float:' if self.langObj:isRTL() then front = front .. 'left' else front = front .. 'right' end front = front .. '">' back = '</span>' end value = "[[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg|frameless|text-top|10px|alt=" .. i18n['info']['edit-on-wikidata'] .. "|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" .. prefix .. self.entityID .. "?uselang=" .. self.langCode if self.propertyID then value = value .. "#" .. self.propertyID elseif self.inSitelinks then value = value .. "#sitelinks-wikipedia" end value = value .. "|" .. i18n['info']['edit-on-wikidata'] .. "]]" return front .. value .. back end -- used to create the final output string when it's all done, so that for references the -- function extensionTag("ref", ...) is only called when they really ended up in the final output function Config:concatValues(valuesArray) local outString = "" local j, skip for i = 1, #valuesArray do -- check if this is a reference if valuesArray[i].refHash then j = i - 1 skip = false -- skip this reference if it is part of a continuous row of references that already contains the exact same reference while valuesArray[j] and valuesArray[j].refHash do if valuesArray[i].refHash == valuesArray[j].refHash then skip = true break end j = j - 1 end if not skip then -- add <ref> tag with the reference's hash as its name (to deduplicate references) outString = outString .. mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag("ref", valuesArray[i][1], {name = valuesArray[i].refHash}) end else outString = outString .. valuesArray[i][1] end end return outString end function Config:convertUnit(unit, raw, link, short, unitOnly) local space = " " local label = "" local itemID if unit == "" or unit == "1" then return nil end if unitOnly then space = "" end itemID = parseWikidataURL(unit) if itemID then if itemID == aliasesQ.percentage then return "%" else label = self:getLabel(itemID, raw, link, short) if label ~= "" then return space .. label end end end return "" end function State:getValue(snak) return self.conf:getValue(snak, self.rawValue, self.linked, self.shortName, self.anyLanguage, self.unitOnly, false, self.type:sub(1,2)) end function Config:getValue(snak, raw, link, short, anyLang, unitOnly, noSpecial, type) if snak.snaktype == 'value' then local datatype = snak.datavalue.type local subtype = snak.datatype local datavalue = snak.datavalue.value if datatype == 'string' then if subtype == 'url' and link then -- create link explicitly if raw then -- will render as a linked number like [1] return "[" .. datavalue .. "]" else return "[" .. datavalue .. " " .. datavalue .. "]" end elseif subtype == 'commonsMedia' then if link then return buildWikilink("c:File:" .. datavalue, datavalue) elseif not raw then return "[[File:" .. datavalue .. "]]" else return datavalue end elseif subtype == 'geo-shape' and link then return buildWikilink("c:" .. datavalue, datavalue) elseif subtype == 'math' and not raw then local attribute = nil if (type == parameters.property or (type == parameters.qualifier and self.propertyID == aliasesP.hasPart)) and snak.property == aliasesP.definingFormula then attribute = {qid = self.entityID} end return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag("math", datavalue, attribute) elseif subtype == 'external-id' and link then local url = p._property{aliasesP.formatterURL, [p.args.eid] = snak.property} -- get formatter URL if url ~= "" then url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, "$1", datavalue) return "[" .. url .. " " .. datavalue .. "]" else return datavalue end else return datavalue end elseif datatype == 'monolingualtext' then if anyLang or datavalue['language'] == self.langCode then return datavalue['text'] else return nil end elseif datatype == 'quantity' then local value = "" local unit if not unitOnly then -- get value and strip + signs from front value = mw.ustring.gsub(datavalue['amount'], "^%+(.+)$", "%1") if raw then return value end -- replace decimal mark based on locale value = replaceDecimalMark(value) -- add delimiters for readability value = i18n.addDelimiters(value) end unit = self:convertUnit(datavalue['unit'], raw, link, short, unitOnly) if unit then value = value .. unit end return value elseif datatype == 'time' then local y, m, d, p, yDiv, yRound, yFull, value, calendarID, dateStr local yFactor = 1 local sign = 1 local prefix = "" local suffix = "" local mayAddCalendar = false local calendar = "" local precision = datavalue['precision'] if precision == 11 then p = "d" elseif precision == 10 then p = "m" else p = "y" yFactor = 10^(9-precision) end y, m, d = parseDate(datavalue['time'], p) if y < 0 then sign = -1 y = y * sign end -- if precision is tens/hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of years if precision <= 8 then yDiv = y / yFactor -- if precision is tens/hundreds/thousands of years if precision >= 6 then mayAddCalendar = true if precision <= 7 then -- round centuries/millenniums up (e.g. 20th century or 3rd millennium) yRound = math.ceil(yDiv) if not raw then if precision == 6 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['millennium'] else suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['century'] end suffix = i18n.getOrdinalSuffix(yRound) .. suffix else -- if not verbose, take the first year of the century/millennium -- (e.g. 1901 for 20th century or 2001 for 3rd millennium) yRound = (yRound - 1) * yFactor + 1 end else -- precision == 8 -- round decades down (e.g. 2010s) yRound = math.floor(yDiv) * yFactor if not raw then prefix = i18n['datetime']['prefixes']['decade-period'] suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['decade-period'] end end if raw and sign < 0 then -- if BCE then compensate for "counting backwards" -- (e.g. -2019 for 2010s BCE, -2000 for 20th century BCE or -3000 for 3rd millennium BCE) yRound = yRound + yFactor - 1 end else local yReFactor, yReDiv, yReRound -- round to nearest for tens of thousands of years or more yRound = math.floor(yDiv + 0.5) if yRound == 0 then if precision <= 2 and y ~= 0 then yReFactor = 1e6 yReDiv = y / yReFactor yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5) if yReDiv == yReRound then -- change precision to millions of years only if we have a whole number of them precision = 3 yFactor = yReFactor yRound = yReRound end end if yRound == 0 then -- otherwise, take the unrounded (original) number of years precision = 5 yFactor = 1 yRound = y mayAddCalendar = true end end if precision >= 1 and y ~= 0 then yFull = yRound * yFactor yReFactor = 1e9 yReDiv = yFull / yReFactor yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5) if yReDiv == yReRound then -- change precision to billions of years if we're in that range precision = 0 yFactor = yReFactor yRound = yReRound else yReFactor = 1e6 yReDiv = yFull / yReFactor yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5) if yReDiv == yReRound then -- change precision to millions of years if we're in that range precision = 3 yFactor = yReFactor yRound = yReRound end end end if not raw then if precision == 3 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['million-years'] elseif precision == 0 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['billion-years'] else yRound = yRound * yFactor if yRound == 1 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['year'] else suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['years'] end end else yRound = yRound * yFactor end end else yRound = y mayAddCalendar = true end if mayAddCalendar then calendarID = parseWikidataURL(datavalue['calendarmodel']) if calendarID and calendarID == aliasesQ.prolepticJulianCalendar then if not raw then if link then calendar = " ("..buildWikilink(i18n['datetime']['julian-calendar'], i18n['datetime']['julian'])..")" else calendar = " ("..i18n['datetime']['julian']..")" end else calendar = "/"..i18n['datetime']['julian'] end end end if not raw then local ce = nil if sign < 0 then ce = i18n['datetime']['BCE'] elseif precision <= 5 then ce = i18n['datetime']['CE'] end if ce then if link then ce = buildWikilink(i18n['datetime']['common-era'], ce) end suffix = suffix .. " " .. ce end value = tostring(yRound) if m then dateStr = self.langObj:formatDate("F", "1-"..m.."-1") if d then if self.mdyDate then dateStr = dateStr .. " " .. d .. "," else dateStr = d .. " " .. dateStr end end value = dateStr .. " " .. value end value = prefix .. value .. suffix .. calendar else value = padZeros(yRound * sign, 4) if m then value = value .. "-" .. padZeros(m, 2) if d then value = value .. "-" .. padZeros(d, 2) end end value = value .. calendar end return value elseif datatype == 'globecoordinate' then -- logic from https://github.com/DataValues/Geo (v4.0.1) local precision, unitsPerDegree, numDigits, strFormat, value, globe local latitude, latConv, latValue, latLink local longitude, lonConv, lonValue, lonLink local latDirection, latDirectionN, latDirectionS, latDirectionEN local lonDirection, lonDirectionE, lonDirectionW, lonDirectionEN local degSymbol, minSymbol, secSymbol, separator local latDegrees = nil local latMinutes = nil local latSeconds = nil local lonDegrees = nil local lonMinutes = nil local lonSeconds = nil local latDegSym = "" local latMinSym = "" local latSecSym = "" local lonDegSym = "" local lonMinSym = "" local lonSecSym = "" local latDirectionEN_N = "N" local latDirectionEN_S = "S" local lonDirectionEN_E = "E" local lonDirectionEN_W = "W" if not raw then latDirectionN = i18n['coord']['latitude-north'] latDirectionS = i18n['coord']['latitude-south'] lonDirectionE = i18n['coord']['longitude-east'] lonDirectionW = i18n['coord']['longitude-west'] degSymbol = i18n['coord']['degrees'] minSymbol = i18n['coord']['minutes'] secSymbol = i18n['coord']['seconds'] separator = i18n['coord']['separator'] else latDirectionN = latDirectionEN_N latDirectionS = latDirectionEN_S lonDirectionE = lonDirectionEN_E lonDirectionW = lonDirectionEN_W degSymbol = "/" minSymbol = "/" secSymbol = "/" separator = "/" end latitude = datavalue['latitude'] longitude = datavalue['longitude'] if latitude < 0 then latDirection = latDirectionS latDirectionEN = latDirectionEN_S latitude = math.abs(latitude) else latDirection = latDirectionN latDirectionEN = latDirectionEN_N end if longitude < 0 then lonDirection = lonDirectionW lonDirectionEN = lonDirectionEN_W longitude = math.abs(longitude) else lonDirection = lonDirectionE lonDirectionEN = lonDirectionEN_E end precision = datavalue['precision'] if not precision or precision <= 0 then precision = 1 / 3600 -- precision not set (correctly), set to arcsecond end -- remove insignificant detail latitude = math.floor(latitude / precision + 0.5) * precision longitude = math.floor(longitude / precision + 0.5) * precision if precision >= 1 - (1 / 60) and precision < 1 then precision = 1 elseif precision >= (1 / 60) - (1 / 3600) and precision < (1 / 60) then precision = 1 / 60 end if precision >= 1 then unitsPerDegree = 1 elseif precision >= (1 / 60) then unitsPerDegree = 60 else unitsPerDegree = 3600 end numDigits = math.ceil(-math.log10(unitsPerDegree * precision)) if numDigits <= 0 then numDigits = tonumber("0") -- for some reason, 'numDigits = 0' may actually store '-0', so parse from string instead end strFormat = "%." .. numDigits .. "f" if precision >= 1 then latDegrees = strFormat:format(latitude) lonDegrees = strFormat:format(longitude) if not raw then latDegSym = replaceDecimalMark(latDegrees) .. degSymbol lonDegSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonDegrees) .. degSymbol else latDegSym = latDegrees .. degSymbol lonDegSym = lonDegrees .. degSymbol end else latConv = math.floor(latitude * unitsPerDegree * 10^numDigits + 0.5) / 10^numDigits lonConv = math.floor(longitude * unitsPerDegree * 10^numDigits + 0.5) / 10^numDigits if precision >= (1 / 60) then latMinutes = latConv lonMinutes = lonConv else latSeconds = latConv lonSeconds = lonConv latMinutes = math.floor(latSeconds / 60) lonMinutes = math.floor(lonSeconds / 60) latSeconds = strFormat:format(latSeconds - (latMinutes * 60)) lonSeconds = strFormat:format(lonSeconds - (lonMinutes * 60)) if not raw then latSecSym = replaceDecimalMark(latSeconds) .. secSymbol lonSecSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonSeconds) .. secSymbol else latSecSym = latSeconds .. secSymbol lonSecSym = lonSeconds .. secSymbol end end latDegrees = math.floor(latMinutes / 60) lonDegrees = math.floor(lonMinutes / 60) latDegSym = latDegrees .. degSymbol lonDegSym = lonDegrees .. degSymbol latMinutes = latMinutes - (latDegrees * 60) lonMinutes = lonMinutes - (lonDegrees * 60) if precision >= (1 / 60) then latMinutes = strFormat:format(latMinutes) lonMinutes = strFormat:format(lonMinutes) if not raw then latMinSym = replaceDecimalMark(latMinutes) .. minSymbol lonMinSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonMinutes) .. minSymbol else latMinSym = latMinutes .. minSymbol lonMinSym = lonMinutes .. minSymbol end else latMinSym = latMinutes .. minSymbol lonMinSym = lonMinutes .. minSymbol end end latValue = latDegSym .. latMinSym .. latSecSym .. latDirection lonValue = lonDegSym .. lonMinSym .. lonSecSym .. lonDirection value = latValue .. separator .. lonValue if link then globe = parseWikidataURL(datavalue['globe']) if globe then globe = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(globe, "en"):lower() else globe = "earth" end latLink = table.concat({latDegrees, latMinutes, latSeconds}, "_") lonLink = table.concat({lonDegrees, lonMinutes, lonSeconds}, "_") value = "[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language="..self.langCode.."&params="..latLink.."_"..latDirectionEN.."_"..lonLink.."_"..lonDirectionEN.."_globe:"..globe.." "..value.."]" end return value elseif datatype == 'wikibase-entityid' then local label local itemID = datavalue['numeric-id'] if subtype == 'wikibase-item' then itemID = "Q" .. itemID elseif subtype == 'wikibase-property' then itemID = "P" .. itemID else return '<strong class="error">' .. errorText('unknown-data-type', subtype) .. '</strong>' end label = self:getLabel(itemID, raw, link, short) if label == "" then label = nil end return label else return '<strong class="error">' .. errorText('unknown-data-type', datatype) .. '</strong>' end elseif snak.snaktype == 'somevalue' and not noSpecial then if raw then return " " -- single space represents 'somevalue' else return i18n['values']['unknown'] end elseif snak.snaktype == 'novalue' and not noSpecial then if raw then return "" -- empty string represents 'novalue' else return i18n['values']['none'] end else return nil end end function Config:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, qualifierID) local qualifiers if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[qualifierID] end if qualifiers and qualifiers[1] then return self:getValue(qualifiers[1], true) -- raw = true else return nil end end function Config:snakEqualsValue(snak, value) local snakValue = self:getValue(snak, true) -- raw = true if snakValue and snak.snaktype == 'value' and snak.datavalue.type == 'wikibase-entityid' then value = value:upper() end return snakValue == value end function Config:setRank(rank) local rankPos if rank == p.flags.best then self.bestRank = true self.flagBest = true -- mark that 'best' flag was given return end if rank:sub(1,9) == p.flags.preferred then rankPos = 1 elseif rank:sub(1,6) == p.flags.normal then rankPos = 2 elseif rank:sub(1,10) == p.flags.deprecated then rankPos = 3 else return end -- one of the rank flags was given, check if another one was given before if not self.flagRank then self.ranks = {false, false, false} -- no other rank flag given before, so unset ranks self.bestRank = self.flagBest -- unsets bestRank only if 'best' flag was not given before self.flagRank = true -- mark that a rank flag was given end if rank:sub(-1) == "+" then for i = rankPos, 1, -1 do self.ranks[i] = true end elseif rank:sub(-1) == "-" then for i = rankPos, #self.ranks do self.ranks[i] = true end else self.ranks[rankPos] = true end end function Config:setPeriod(period) local periodPos if period == p.flags.future then periodPos = 1 elseif period == p.flags.current then periodPos = 2 elseif period == p.flags.former then periodPos = 3 else return end -- one of the period flags was given, check if another one was given before if not self.flagPeriod then self.periods = {false, false, false} -- no other period flag given before, so unset periods self.flagPeriod = true -- mark that a period flag was given end self.periods[periodPos] = true end function Config:qualifierMatches(claim, id, value) local qualifiers if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[id] end if qualifiers then for _, v in pairs(qualifiers) do if self:snakEqualsValue(v, value) then return true end end elseif value == "" then -- if the qualifier is not present then treat it the same as the special value 'novalue' return true end return false end function Config:rankMatches(rankPos) if self.bestRank then return (self.ranks[rankPos] and self.foundRank >= rankPos) else return self.ranks[rankPos] end end function Config:timeMatches(claim) local startTime = nil local startTimeY = nil local startTimeM = nil local startTimeD = nil local endTime = nil local endTimeY = nil local endTimeM = nil local endTimeD = nil if self.periods[1] and self.periods[2] and self.periods[3] then -- any time return true end startTime = self:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, aliasesP.startTime) if startTime and startTime ~= "" and startTime ~= " " then startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD = parseDate(startTime) end endTime = self:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, aliasesP.endTime) if endTime and endTime ~= "" and endTime ~= " " then endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD = parseDate(endTime) end if startTimeY ~= nil and endTimeY ~= nil and datePrecedesDate(endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD, startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD) then -- invalidate end time if it precedes start time endTimeY = nil endTimeM = nil endTimeD = nil end if self.periods[1] then -- future if startTimeY and datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD) then return true end end if self.periods[2] then -- current if (startTimeY == nil or not datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD)) and (endTimeY == nil or datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD)) then return true end end if self.periods[3] then -- former if endTimeY and not datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD) then return true end end return false end function Config:processFlag(flag) if not flag then return false end if flag == p.flags.linked then self.curState.linked = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.raw then self.curState.rawValue = true if self.curState == self.states[parameters.reference] then -- raw reference values end with periods and require a separator (other than none) self.separators["sep%r"][1] = {" "} end return true elseif flag == p.flags.short then self.curState.shortName = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.multilanguage then self.curState.anyLanguage = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.unit then self.curState.unitOnly = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.mdy then self.mdyDate = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.single then self.singleClaim = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.sourced then self.sourcedOnly = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.edit then self.editable = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.editAtEnd then self.editable = true self.editAtEnd = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.best or flag:match('^'..p.flags.preferred..'[+-]?$') or flag:match('^'..p.flags.normal..'[+-]?$') or flag:match('^'..p.flags.deprecated..'[+-]?$') then self:setRank(flag) return true elseif flag == p.flags.future or flag == p.flags.current or flag == p.flags.former then self:setPeriod(flag) return true elseif flag == "" then -- ignore empty flags and carry on return true else return false end end function Config:processFlagOrCommand(flag) local param = "" if not flag then return false end if flag == p.claimCommands.property or flag == p.claimCommands.properties then param = parameters.property elseif flag == p.claimCommands.qualifier or flag == p.claimCommands.qualifiers then self.states.qualifiersCount = self.states.qualifiersCount + 1 param = parameters.qualifier .. self.states.qualifiersCount self.separators["sep"..param] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%q\\d"])} elseif flag == p.claimCommands.reference or flag == p.claimCommands.references then param = parameters.reference else return self:processFlag(flag) end if self.states[param] then return false end -- create a new state for each command self.states[param] = State:new(self, param) -- use "%x" as the general parameter name self.states[param].parsedFormat = parseFormat(parameters.general) -- will be overwritten for param=="%p" -- set the separator self.states[param].separator = self.separators["sep"..param] -- will be nil for param=="%p", which will be set separately if flag == p.claimCommands.property or flag == p.claimCommands.qualifier or flag == p.claimCommands.reference then self.states[param].singleValue = true end self.curState = self.states[param] return true end function Config:processSeparators(args) local sep for i, v in pairs(self.separators) do if args[i] then sep = replaceSpecialChars(args[i]) if sep ~= "" then self.separators[i][1] = {sep} else self.separators[i][1] = nil end end end end function Config:setFormatAndSeparators(state, parsedFormat) state.parsedFormat = parsedFormat state.separator = self.separators["sep"] state.movSeparator = self.separators["sep"..parameters.separator] state.puncMark = self.separators["punc"] end -- determines if a claim has references by prefetching them from the claim using getReferences, -- which applies some filtering that determines if a reference is actually returned, -- and caches the references for later use function State:isSourced(claim) self.conf.prefetchedRefs = self:getReferences(claim) return (#self.conf.prefetchedRefs > 0) end function State:resetCaches() -- any prefetched references of the previous claim must not be used self.conf.prefetchedRefs = nil end function State:claimMatches(claim) local matches, rankPos -- first of all, reset any cached values used for the previous claim self:resetCaches() -- if a property value was given, check if it matches the claim's property value if self.conf.propertyValue then matches = self.conf:snakEqualsValue(claim.mainsnak, self.conf.propertyValue) else matches = true end -- if any qualifier values were given, check if each matches one of the claim's qualifier values for i, v in pairs(self.conf.qualifierIDsAndValues) do matches = (matches and self.conf:qualifierMatches(claim, i, v)) end -- check if the claim's rank and time period match rankPos = rankTable[claim.rank] or 4 matches = (matches and self.conf:rankMatches(rankPos) and self.conf:timeMatches(claim)) -- if only claims with references must be returned, check if this one has any if self.conf.sourcedOnly then matches = (matches and self:isSourced(claim)) -- prefetches and caches references end return matches, rankPos end function State:out() local result -- collection of arrays with value objects local valuesArray -- array with value objects local sep = nil -- value object local out = {} -- array with value objects local function walk(formatTable, result) local valuesArray = {} -- array with value objects for i, v in pairs(formatTable.req) do if not result[i] or not result[i][1] then -- we've got no result for a parameter that is required on this level, -- so skip this level (and its children) by returning an empty result return {} end end for _, v in ipairs(formatTable) do if v.param then valuesArray = mergeArrays(valuesArray, result[v.str]) elseif v.str ~= "" then valuesArray[#valuesArray + 1] = {v.str} end if v.child then valuesArray = mergeArrays(valuesArray, walk(v.child, result)) end end return valuesArray end -- iterate through the results from back to front, so that we know when to add separators for i = #self.results, 1, -1 do result = self.results[i] -- if there is already some output, then add the separators if #out > 0 then sep = self.separator[1] -- fixed separator result[parameters.separator] = {self.movSeparator[1]} -- movable separator else sep = nil result[parameters.separator] = {self.puncMark[1]} -- optional punctuation mark end valuesArray = walk(self.parsedFormat, result) if #valuesArray > 0 then if sep then valuesArray[#valuesArray + 1] = sep end out = mergeArrays(valuesArray, out) end end -- reset state before next iteration self.results = {} return out end -- level 1 hook function State:getProperty(claim) local value = {self:getValue(claim.mainsnak)} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end -- level 1 hook function State:getQualifiers(claim, param) local qualifiers if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[self.conf.qualifierIDs[param]] end if qualifiers then -- iterate through claim's qualifier statements to collect their values; -- return array with multiple value objects return self.conf.states[param]:iterate(qualifiers, {[parameters.general] = hookNames[parameters.qualifier.."\\d"][2], count = 1}) -- pass qualifier state with level 2 hook else return {} -- return empty array end end -- level 2 hook function State:getQualifier(snak) local value = {self:getValue(snak)} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end -- level 1 hook function State:getAllQualifiers(claim, param, result, hooks) local out = {} -- array with value objects local sep = self.conf.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier][1] -- value object -- iterate through the output of the separate "qualifier(s)" commands for i = 1, self.conf.states.qualifiersCount do -- if a hook has not been called yet, call it now if not result[parameters.qualifier..i] then self:callHook(parameters.qualifier..i, hooks, claim, result) end -- if there is output for this particular "qualifier(s)" command, then add it if result[parameters.qualifier..i] and result[parameters.qualifier..i][1] then -- if there is already some output, then add the separator if #out > 0 and sep then out[#out + 1] = sep end out = mergeArrays(out, result[parameters.qualifier..i]) end end return out end -- level 1 hook function State:getReferences(claim) if self.conf.prefetchedRefs then -- return references that have been prefetched by isSourced return self.conf.prefetchedRefs end if claim.references then -- iterate through claim's reference statements to collect their values; -- return array with multiple value objects return self.conf.states[parameters.reference]:iterate(claim.references, {[parameters.general] = hookNames[parameters.reference][2], count = 1}) -- pass reference state with level 2 hook else return {} -- return empty array end end -- level 2 hook function State:getReference(statement) local citeParamMapping = i18n['cite']['param-mapping'] local citeConfig = i18n['cite']['config'] local citeTypes = i18n['cite']['output-types'] -- will hold rendered properties of the reference which are not directly from statement.snaks, -- Namely, is URL generated from an external ID. local additionalProcessedProperties = {} -- for each citation type, there will be an associative array that associates lists of rendered properties -- to citation-template parameters local candidateParams = {} -- like above, but only associates one rendered property to each parameter; if the above variable -- contains more strings for a parameter, the strings will be assigned to numbered params (e.g. "author1") local citeParams = {} local citeErrors = {} local referenceEmpty = true -- will be set to false if at least one parameter is left unremoved local version = 12 -- increment this each time the below logic is changed to avoid conflict errors if not statement.snaks then return {} end -- don't use bot-added references referencing Wikimedia projects or containing "inferred from" (such references are not usable on Wikipedia) if statement.snaks[aliasesP.importedFrom] or statement.snaks[aliasesP.wikimediaImportURL] or statement.snaks[aliasesP.inferredFrom] then return {} end -- don't include "type of reference" if statement.snaks[aliasesP.typeOfReference] then statement.snaks[aliasesP.typeOfReference] = nil end -- don't include "image" to prevent littering if statement.snaks[aliasesP.image] then statement.snaks[aliasesP.image] = nil end -- don't include "language" if it is equal to the local one if self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, aliasesP.language) == self.conf.langName then statement.snaks[aliasesP.language] = nil end if statement.snaks[aliasesP.statedIn] and not statement.snaks[aliasesP.referenceURL] then -- "stated in" was given but "reference URL" was not. -- get "Wikidata property" properties from the item in "stated in" -- if any of the returned properties of the external-id datatype is in statement.snaks, generate a link from it and use the link in the reference -- find the "Wikidata property" properties in the item from "stated in" local wikidataPropertiesOfSource = mw.text.split(p._properties{p.flags.raw, aliasesP.wikidataProperty, [p.args.eid] = self.conf:getValue(statement.snaks[aliasesP.statedIn][1], true, false)}, ", ", true) for i, wikidataPropertyOfSource in pairs(wikidataPropertiesOfSource) do if statement.snaks[wikidataPropertyOfSource] and statement.snaks[wikidataPropertyOfSource][1].datatype == "external-id" then local tempLink = self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, wikidataPropertyOfSource, false, true) -- not raw, linked if mw.ustring.match(tempLink, "^%[%Z- %Z+%]$") then -- getValue returned a URL in square brackets. -- the link is in wiki markup, so strip the square brackets and the display text -- gsub also returns another, discarted value, therefore the result is assigned to tempLink first tempLink = mw.ustring.gsub(tempLink, "^%[(%Z-) %Z+%]$", "%1") additionalProcessedProperties[aliasesP.referenceURL] = {tempLink} statement.snaks[wikidataPropertyOfSource] = nil break end end end end -- initialize candidateParams and citeParams for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do candidateParams[citeType] = {} citeParams[citeType] = {} end -- fill candidateParams for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do -- This will contain value--priority pairs for each param name. local candidateValuesAndPriorities = {} -- fill candidateValuesAndPriorities for refProperty in pairs(statement.snaks) do if citeErrors[citeType] then break end repeat -- just a simple wrapper to emulate "continue" -- set mappingKey and prefix local mappingKey local prefix = "" if statement.snaks[refProperty][1].datatype == 'external-id' then mappingKey = "external-id" prefix = self.conf:getLabel(refProperty) if prefix ~= "" then prefix = prefix .. " " end else mappingKey = refProperty end local paramName = citeParamMapping[citeType][mappingKey] -- skip properties with empty parameter name if paramName == "" then break -- skip this property for this value of citeType end -- handle unknown properties in the reference if not paramName then referenceEmpty = false local error_message = errorText("unknown-property-in-ref", refProperty) assert(error_message) -- Should not be nil citeErrors[citeType] = error_message break end -- set processedProperty local processedProperty local raw = false -- if the value is wanted raw if isValueInTable(paramName, citeConfig[citeType]["raw-value-params"] or {}) then raw = true end if isValueInTable(paramName, citeConfig[citeType]["numbered-params"] or {}) then -- Multiple values may be given. processedProperty = self:getReferenceDetails(statement.snaks, refProperty, raw, self.linked, true) -- anyLang = true else -- If multiple values are given, all but the first suitable one are discarted. processedProperty = {self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, refProperty, raw, self.linked and (statement.snaks[refProperty][1].datatype ~= 'url'), true)} -- link = true/false, anyLang = true end if #processedProperty == 0 then break end referenceEmpty = false -- add an empty entry to candidateValuesAndPriorities, if there isn't one already if not candidateValuesAndPriorities[paramName] then candidateValuesAndPriorities[paramName] = {} end -- find the priority of refProperty local thisPropertyPriority = -1 local thisParamPrioritization = citeConfig[citeType]["prioritization"][paramName] if thisParamPrioritization then for i_priority, i_property in ipairs(thisParamPrioritization) do if i_property == refProperty then thisPropertyPriority = i_priority end end end for _, propertyValue in pairs(processedProperty) do table.insert( candidateValuesAndPriorities[paramName], {prefix .. propertyValue, thisPropertyPriority} ) end until true end -- fill candidateParams[citeType] if not citeErrors[citeType] then local compareValuePriorities = function(pair1, pair2) if pair1[2] == -1 and pair2[2] ~= -1 then return false end if pair1[2] ~= -1 and pair2[2] == -1 then return true end return pair1[2] < pair2[2] end -- fill candidateParams[citeType][paramName] for each used param for paramName, _ in pairs(candidateValuesAndPriorities) do table.sort(candidateValuesAndPriorities[paramName], compareValuePriorities) candidateParams[citeType][paramName] = {} for _, valuePriorityPair in ipairs(candidateValuesAndPriorities[paramName]) do table.insert(candidateParams[citeType][paramName], valuePriorityPair[1]) end end end end -- handle additional properties for refProperty in pairs(additionalProcessedProperties) do for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do repeat -- skip if there already have been errors if citeErrors[citeType] then break end local paramName = citeParamMapping[citeType][refProperty] -- handle unknown properties in the reference if not paramName then -- Skip this additional property, but do not cause an error. break end if paramName == "" then break end referenceEmpty = false if not candidateParams[citeType][paramName] then candidateParams[citeType][paramName] = {} end for _, propertyValue in pairs(additionalProcessedProperties[refProperty]) do table.insert(candidateParams[citeType][paramName], propertyValue) end until true end end -- fill citeParams for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do for paramName, paramValues in pairs(candidateParams[citeType]) do if #paramValues == 1 or not isValueInTable(paramName, citeConfig[citeType]["numbered-params"] or {}) then citeParams[citeType][paramName] = paramValues[1] else -- There is more than one value for this parameter - the values will -- go into separate numbered parameters (e.g. "author1", "author2") for paramNum, paramValue in pairs(paramValues) do citeParams[citeType][paramName .. paramNum] = paramValue end end end end -- handle missing mandatory parameters for the templates for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do for _, requiredCiteParam in pairs(citeConfig[citeType]["mandatory-params"] or {}) do if not citeParams[citeType][requiredCiteParam] then -- The required param is not present. if citeErrors[citeType] then -- Do not override the previous error, if it exists. break end local error_message = errorText("missing-mandatory-param", requiredCiteParam) assert(error_message) -- Should not be nil citeErrors[citeType] = error_message end end end local citeTypeToUse = nil -- choose the output template for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do if not citeErrors[citeType] then citeTypeToUse = citeType break end end -- set refContent local refContent = "" if citeTypeToUse then local templateToUse = citeConfig[citeTypeToUse]["template"] local paramsToUse = citeParams[citeTypeToUse] if not templateToUse or templateToUse == "" then throwError("no-such-reference-template", tostring(templateToUse), i18nPath, citeTypeToUse) end -- if this module is being substituted then build a regular template call, otherwise expand the template if mw.isSubsting() then for i, v in pairs(paramsToUse) do refContent = refContent .. "|" .. i .. "=" .. v end refContent = "{{" .. templateToUse .. refContent .. "}}" else xpcall( function () refContent = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title=templateToUse, args=paramsToUse} end, function () throwError("no-such-reference-template", templateToUse, i18nPath, citeTypeToUse) end ) end -- If the citation couldn't be displayed using any template, but is not empty (barring ignored propeties), throw an error. elseif not referenceEmpty then refContent = errorText("malformed-reference-header") for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do refContent = refContent .. errorText("template-failure-reason", citeConfig[citeType]["template"], citeErrors[citeType]) end refContent = refContent .. errorText("malformed-reference-footer") end -- wrap refContent local ref = {} if refContent ~= "" then ref = {refContent} if not self.rawValue then -- this should become a <ref> tag, so save the reference's hash for later ref.refHash = "wikidata-" .. statement.hash .. "-v" .. (tonumber(i18n['version']) + version) end return {ref} else return {} end end -- gets a detail of one particular type for a reference function State:getReferenceDetail(snaks, dType, raw, link, anyLang) local switchLang = anyLang local value = nil if not snaks[dType] then return nil end -- if anyLang, first try the local language and otherwise any language repeat for _, v in ipairs(snaks[dType]) do value = self.conf:getValue(v, raw, link, false, anyLang and not switchLang, false, true) -- noSpecial = true if value then break end end if value or not anyLang then break end switchLang = not switchLang until anyLang and switchLang return value end -- gets the details of one particular type for a reference function State:getReferenceDetails(snaks, dType, raw, link, anyLang) local values = {} if not snaks[dType] then return {} end for _, v in ipairs(snaks[dType]) do -- if nil is returned then it will not be added to the table values[#values + 1] = self.conf:getValue(v, raw, link, false, anyLang, false, true) -- noSpecial = true end return values end -- level 1 hook function State:getAlias(object) local value = object.value local title = nil if value and self.linked then if self.conf.entityID:sub(1,1) == "Q" then title = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(self.conf.entityID) elseif self.conf.entityID:sub(1,1) == "P" then title = "d:Property:" .. self.conf.entityID end if title then value = buildWikilink(title, value) end end value = {value} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end -- level 1 hook function State:getBadge(value) value = self.conf:getLabel(value, self.rawValue, self.linked, self.shortName) if value == "" then value = nil end value = {value} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end function State:callHook(param, hooks, statement, result) -- call a parameter's hook if it has been defined and if it has not been called before if not result[param] and hooks[param] then local valuesArray = self[hooks[param]](self, statement, param, result, hooks) -- array with value objects -- add to the result if #valuesArray > 0 then result[param] = valuesArray result.count = result.count + 1 else result[param] = {} -- an empty array to indicate that we've tried this hook already return true -- miss == true end end return false end -- iterate through claims, claim's qualifiers or claim's references to collect values function State:iterate(statements, hooks, matchHook) matchHook = matchHook or alwaysTrue local matches = false local rankPos = nil local result, gotRequired for _, v in ipairs(statements) do -- rankPos will be nil for non-claim statements (e.g. qualifiers, references, etc.) matches, rankPos = matchHook(self, v) if matches then result = {count = 0} -- collection of arrays with value objects local function walk(formatTable) local miss for i2, v2 in pairs(formatTable.req) do -- call a hook, adding its return value to the result miss = self:callHook(i2, hooks, v, result) if miss then -- we miss a required value for this level, so return false return false end if result.count == hooks.count then -- we're done if all hooks have been called; -- returning at this point breaks the loop return true end end for _, v2 in ipairs(formatTable) do if result.count == hooks.count then -- we're done if all hooks have been called; -- returning at this point prevents further childs from being processed return true end if v2.child then walk(v2.child) end end return true end gotRequired = walk(self.parsedFormat) -- only append the result if we got values for all required parameters on the root level if gotRequired then -- if we have a rankPos (only with matchHook() for complete claims), then update the foundRank if rankPos and self.conf.foundRank > rankPos then self.conf.foundRank = rankPos end -- append the result self.results[#self.results + 1] = result -- break if we only need a single value if self.singleValue then break end end end end return self:out() end local function getEntityId(arg, eid, page, allowOmitPropPrefix, globalSiteId) local id = nil local prop = nil if arg then if arg:sub(1,1) == ":" then page = arg eid = nil elseif arg:sub(1,1):upper() == "Q" or arg:sub(1,9):lower() == "property:" or allowOmitPropPrefix then eid = arg page = nil else prop = arg end end if eid then if eid:sub(1,9):lower() == "property:" then id = replaceAlias(mw.text.trim(eid:sub(10))) if id:sub(1,1):upper() ~= "P" then id = "" end else id = replaceAlias(eid) end elseif page then if page:sub(1,1) == ":" then page = mw.text.trim(page:sub(2)) end id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForTitle(page, globalSiteId) or "" end if not id then id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() or "" end id = id:upper() if not mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) then id = "" end return id, prop end local function nextArg(args) local arg = args[args.pointer] if arg then args.pointer = args.pointer + 1 return mw.text.trim(arg) else return nil end end local function claimCommand(args, funcName) local cfg = Config:new() cfg:processFlagOrCommand(funcName) -- process first command (== function name) local lastArg, parsedFormat, formatParams, claims, value local hooks = {count = 0} -- set the date if given; -- must come BEFORE processing the flags if args[p.args.date] then cfg.atDate = {parseDate(args[p.args.date])} cfg.periods = {false, true, false} -- change default time constraint to 'current' end -- process flags and commands repeat lastArg = nextArg(args) until not cfg:processFlagOrCommand(lastArg) -- get the entity ID from either the positional argument, the eid argument or the page argument cfg.entityID, cfg.propertyID = getEntityId(lastArg, args[p.args.eid], args[p.args.page], false, args[p.args.globalSiteId]) if cfg.entityID == "" then return "" -- we cannot continue without a valid entity ID end cfg.entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(cfg.entityID) if not cfg.propertyID then cfg.propertyID = nextArg(args) end cfg.propertyID = replaceAlias(cfg.propertyID) if not cfg.entity or not cfg.propertyID then return "" -- we cannot continue without an entity or a property ID end cfg.propertyID = cfg.propertyID:upper() if not cfg.entity.claims or not cfg.entity.claims[cfg.propertyID] then return "" -- there is no use to continue without any claims end claims = cfg.entity.claims[cfg.propertyID] if cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then -- do further processing if "qualifier(s)" command was given if #args - args.pointer + 1 > cfg.states.qualifiersCount then -- claim ID or literal value has been given cfg.propertyValue = nextArg(args) end for i = 1, cfg.states.qualifiersCount do -- check if given qualifier ID is an alias and add it cfg.qualifierIDs[parameters.qualifier..i] = replaceAlias(nextArg(args) or ""):upper() end elseif cfg.states[parameters.reference] then -- do further processing if "reference(s)" command was given cfg.propertyValue = nextArg(args) end -- check for special property value 'somevalue' or 'novalue' if cfg.propertyValue then cfg.propertyValue = replaceSpecialChars(cfg.propertyValue) if cfg.propertyValue ~= "" and mw.text.trim(cfg.propertyValue) == "" then cfg.propertyValue = " " -- single space represents 'somevalue', whereas empty string represents 'novalue' else cfg.propertyValue = mw.text.trim(cfg.propertyValue) end end -- parse the desired format, or choose an appropriate format if args["format"] then parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args["format"]) elseif cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then -- "qualifier(s)" command given if cfg.states[parameters.property] then -- "propert(y|ies)" command given parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.propertyWithQualifier) else parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.qualifier) end elseif cfg.states[parameters.property] then -- "propert(y|ies)" command given parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.property) else -- "reference(s)" command given parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.reference) end -- if a "qualifier(s)" command and no "propert(y|ies)" command has been given, make the movable separator a semicolon if cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 and not cfg.states[parameters.property] then cfg.separators["sep"..parameters.separator][1] = {";"} end -- if only "reference(s)" has been given, set the default separator to none (except when raw) if cfg.states[parameters.reference] and not cfg.states[parameters.property] and cfg.states.qualifiersCount == 0 and not cfg.states[parameters.reference].rawValue then cfg.separators["sep"][1] = nil end -- if exactly one "qualifier(s)" command has been given, make "sep%q" point to "sep%q1" to make them equivalent if cfg.states.qualifiersCount == 1 then cfg.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier] = cfg.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier.."1"] end -- process overridden separator values; -- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators cfg:processSeparators(args) -- define the hooks that should be called (getProperty, getQualifiers, getReferences); -- only define a hook if both its command ("propert(y|ies)", "reference(s)", "qualifier(s)") and its parameter ("%p", "%r", "%q1", "%q2", "%q3") have been given for i, v in pairs(cfg.states) do -- e.g. 'formatParams["%q1"] or formatParams["%q"]' to define hook even if "%q1" was not defined to be able to build a complete value for "%q" if formatParams[i] or formatParams[i:sub(1, 2)] then hooks[i] = getHookName(i, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end end -- the "%q" parameter is not attached to a state, but is a collection of the results of multiple states (attached to "%q1", "%q2", "%q3", ...); -- so if this parameter is given then this hook must be defined separately, but only if at least one "qualifier(s)" command has been given if formatParams[parameters.qualifier] and cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then hooks[parameters.qualifier] = getHookName(parameters.qualifier, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end -- create a state for "properties" if it doesn't exist yet, which will be used as a base configuration for each claim iteration; -- must come AFTER defining the hooks if not cfg.states[parameters.property] then cfg.states[parameters.property] = State:new(cfg, parameters.property) -- if the "single" flag has been given then this state should be equivalent to "property" (singular) if cfg.singleClaim then cfg.states[parameters.property].singleValue = true end end -- if the "sourced" flag has been given then create a state for "reference" if it doesn't exist yet, using default values, -- which must exist in order to be able to determine if a claim has any references; -- must come AFTER defining the hooks if cfg.sourcedOnly and not cfg.states[parameters.reference] then cfg:processFlagOrCommand(p.claimCommands.reference) -- use singular "reference" to minimize overhead end -- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark); -- must come AFTER creating the additonal states cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.states[parameters.property], parsedFormat) -- process qualifier matching values, analogous to cfg.propertyValue for i, v in pairs(args) do i = tostring(i) if i:match('^[Pp]%d+$') or aliasesP[i] then v = replaceSpecialChars(v) -- check for special qualifier value 'somevalue' if v ~= "" and mw.text.trim(v) == "" then v = " " -- single space represents 'somevalue' end cfg.qualifierIDsAndValues[replaceAlias(i):upper()] = v end end -- first sort the claims on rank to pre-define the order of output (preferred first, then normal, then deprecated) claims = sortOnRank(claims) -- then iterate through the claims to collect values value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.states[parameters.property]:iterate(claims, hooks, State.claimMatches)) -- pass property state with level 1 hooks and matchHook -- if desired, add a clickable icon that may be used to edit the returned values on Wikidata if cfg.editable and value ~= "" then value = value .. cfg:getEditIcon() end return value end local function generalCommand(args, funcName) local cfg = Config:new() cfg.curState = State:new(cfg) local lastArg local value = nil repeat lastArg = nextArg(args) until not cfg:processFlag(lastArg) -- get the entity ID from either the positional argument, the eid argument or the page argument cfg.entityID = getEntityId(lastArg, args[p.args.eid], args[p.args.page], true, args[p.args.globalSiteId]) if cfg.entityID == "" or not mw.wikibase.entityExists(cfg.entityID) then return "" -- we cannot continue without an entity end -- serve according to the given command if funcName == p.generalCommands.label then value = cfg:getLabel(cfg.entityID, cfg.curState.rawValue, cfg.curState.linked, cfg.curState.shortName) elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.title then cfg.inSitelinks = true if cfg.entityID:sub(1,1) == "Q" then value = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(cfg.entityID) end if cfg.curState.linked and value then value = buildWikilink(value) end elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.description then value = mw.wikibase.getDescription(cfg.entityID) else local parsedFormat, formatParams local hooks = {count = 0} cfg.entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(cfg.entityID) if funcName == p.generalCommands.alias or funcName == p.generalCommands.badge then cfg.curState.singleValue = true end if funcName == p.generalCommands.alias or funcName == p.generalCommands.aliases then if not cfg.entity.aliases or not cfg.entity.aliases[cfg.langCode] then return "" -- there is no use to continue without any aliasses end local aliases = cfg.entity.aliases[cfg.langCode] -- parse the desired format, or parse the default aliases format if args["format"] then parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args["format"]) else parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.alias) end -- process overridden separator values; -- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators cfg:processSeparators(args) -- define the hook that should be called (getAlias); -- only define the hook if the parameter ("%a") has been given if formatParams[parameters.alias] then hooks[parameters.alias] = getHookName(parameters.alias, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end -- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark) cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.curState, parsedFormat) -- iterate to collect values value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.curState:iterate(aliases, hooks)) elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.badge or funcName == p.generalCommands.badges then if not cfg.entity.sitelinks or not cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID] or not cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID].badges then return "" -- there is no use to continue without any badges end local badges = cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID].badges cfg.inSitelinks = true -- parse the desired format, or parse the default aliases format if args["format"] then parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args["format"]) else parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.badge) end -- process overridden separator values; -- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators cfg:processSeparators(args) -- define the hook that should be called (getBadge); -- only define the hook if the parameter ("%b") has been given if formatParams[parameters.badge] then hooks[parameters.badge] = getHookName(parameters.badge, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end -- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark) cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.curState, parsedFormat) -- iterate to collect values value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.curState:iterate(badges, hooks)) end end value = value or "" if cfg.editable and value ~= "" then -- if desired, add a clickable icon that may be used to edit the returned value on Wikidata value = value .. cfg:getEditIcon() end return value end -- modules that include this module should call the functions with an underscore prepended, e.g.: p._property(args) local function establishCommands(commandList, commandFunc) for _, commandName in pairs(commandList) do local function wikitextWrapper(frame) local args = copyTable(frame.args) args.pointer = 1 loadI18n(aliasesP, frame) return commandFunc(args, commandName) end p[commandName] = wikitextWrapper local function luaWrapper(args) args = copyTable(args) args.pointer = 1 loadI18n(aliasesP) return commandFunc(args, commandName) end p["_" .. commandName] = luaWrapper end end establishCommands(p.claimCommands, claimCommand) establishCommands(p.generalCommands, generalCommand) -- main function that is supposed to be used by wrapper templates function p.main(frame) if not mw.wikibase then return nil end local f, args loadI18n(aliasesP, frame) -- get the parent frame to take the arguments that were passed to the wrapper template frame = frame:getParent() or frame if not frame.args[1] then throwError("no-function-specified") end f = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1]) if f == "main" then throwError("main-called-twice") end assert(p["_"..f], errorText('no-such-function', f)) -- copy arguments from immutable to mutable table args = copyTable(frame.args) -- remove the function name from the list table.remove(args, 1) return p["_"..f](args) end return p j5a6l03tjwodgrvfnv3lb4x5up93wlv 828 13419 116648 105256 2026-07-10T20:31:44Z Uzume 916 Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q29879601|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer| #Synchronizer]] 116648 Scribunto text/plain -- The values and functions in this submodule should be localized per wiki. local p = {} function p.init(aliasesP) p = { ["version"] = "8", -- increment this each time the below parameters are changed to avoid reference conflict errors ["errors"] = { ["unknown-data-type"] = "Unknown or unsupported datatype '%s'.", ["missing-required-parameter"] = "No required parameters defined, needing at least one", ["extra-required-parameter"] = "Parameter '%s' must be defined as optional", ["no-function-specified"] = "You must specify a function to call", -- equal to the standard module error message ["main-called-twice"] = 'The function "main" cannot be called twice', ["no-such-function"] = 'The function "%s" does not exist', -- equal to the standard module error message ["no-such-reference-template"] = 'Error: template "%s", which is set in %s as the output template for the citation-output type "%s", does not exist', -- Parts of the error message signalling a malformed reference. ["malformed-reference-header"] = "<span style=\"color:#dd3333\">\nError: Unable to display the reference from Wikidata properly. Technical details:\n", ["malformed-reference-footer"] = "See [[Module:wd/doc#References|the documentation]] for further details.\n</span>\n[[Category:Module:Wd reference errors]]", ["template-failure-reason"] = "* Reason for the failure of {{tl|%s}}: %s\n", ["missing-mandatory-param"] = 'The output template call would miss the mandatory parameter <code>%s</code>.', ["unknown-property-in-ref"] = 'The Wikidata reference contains the property {{property|%s}}, which is not assigned to any parameter of this template.' }, ["info"] = { ["edit-on-wikidata"] = "Edit this on Wikidata" }, ["numeric"] = { ["decimal-mark"] = ".", ["delimiter"] = "," }, ["datetime"] = { ["prefixes"] = { ["decade-period"] = "" }, ["suffixes"] = { ["decade-period"] = "s", ["millennium"] = " millennium", ["century"] = " century", ["million-years"] = " million years", ["billion-years"] = " billion years", ["year"] = " year", ["years"] = " years" }, ["julian-calendar"] = "Julian calendar", -- linked page title ["julian"] = "Julian", ["BCE"] = "BCE", ["CE"] = "CE", ["common-era"] = "Common Era" -- linked page title }, ["coord"] = { ["latitude-north"] = "N", ["latitude-south"] = "S", ["longitude-east"] = "E", ["longitude-west"] = "W", ["degrees"] = "°", ["minutes"] = "'", ["seconds"] = '"', ["separator"] = ", " }, ["values"] = { ["unknown"] = "unknown", ["none"] = "none" }, ["cite"] = { ["output-types"] = {"web", "q"}, -- In this order, the output types will be tried ["param-mapping"] = { ["web"] = { -- <= left side: all allowed reference properties for *web page sources* per https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:Sources -- => right side: corresponding parameter names in (equivalent of) [[:en:Template:Cite web]] (if non-existent, keep empty i.e. "") [aliasesP.statedIn] = "website", [aliasesP.referenceURL] = "url", [aliasesP.publicationDate] = "date", [aliasesP.lastUpdate] = "date", [aliasesP.retrieved] = "access-date", [aliasesP.title] = "title", [aliasesP.subjectNamedAs] = "title", [aliasesP.archiveURL] = "archive-url", [aliasesP.archiveDate] = "archive-date", [aliasesP.language] = "language", [aliasesP.author] = "author", [aliasesP.authorNameString] = "author", [aliasesP.publisher] = "publisher", [aliasesP.quote] = "quote", [aliasesP.pages] = "pages", -- extra option [aliasesP.publishedIn] = "website", [aliasesP.sectionVerseOrParagraph] = "at" }, ["q"] = { -- <= left side: all allowed reference properties for *sources other than web pages* per https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:Sources -- => right side: corresponding parameter names in (equivalent of) [[:en:Template:Cite Q]] (if non-existent, keep empty i.e. "") [aliasesP.statedIn] = "1", [aliasesP.pages] = "pages", [aliasesP.column] = "at", [aliasesP.chapter] = "chapter", [aliasesP.sectionVerseOrParagraph] = "section", ["external-id"] = "id", -- used for any type of database property ID [aliasesP.title] = "title", [aliasesP.publicationDate] = "date", [aliasesP.lastUpdate] = "date", [aliasesP.retrieved] = "access-date" } }, ["config"] = { -- supported fields: -- - template: name of the template used for output -- - numbered-params: citation params accepting an arbitrary number of values by numbering the params (e.g. author1, author2) -- - raw-value-params: params taking a raw value (which means the property is rendered with getValue with raw=true) -- - mandatory-params: params that are required be in the template call (after potentially appending numbers to params listed in numbered-params) -- - prioritization: table associating a list of properties, in the order in which they are preferred, to template parameters; -- properties not mentioned here have the lowest priority; -- prioritization of properties handled through additionalProcessedProperties is unsupported; -- no key of this table can be from numbered-params -- Leaving out the "template" field causes the output type to be ignored. ["web"] = { ["template"] = "Cite web", ["numbered-params"] = {"author"}, ["mandatory-params"] = {"url"}, ["prioritization"] = { ["date"] = {aliasesP.lastUpdate, aliasesP.publicationDate}, ["title"] = {aliasesP.title, aliasesP.subjectNamedAs} } }, ["q"] = { ["template"] = "Cite Q", ["raw-value-params"] = {"1"}, -- the first, unnamed parameter of CiteQ takes a QID, not the name of the item cited ["mandatory-params"] = {"1"}, ["prioritization"] = { ["date"] = {aliasesP.lastUpdate, aliasesP.publicationDate} } } } } } p.getOrdinalSuffix = function(num) if tostring(num):sub(-2,-2) == '1' then return "th" -- 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, ... 19th end num = tostring(num):sub(-1) if num == '1' then return "st" elseif num == '2' then return "nd" elseif num == '3' then return "rd" else return "th" end end p.addDelimiters = function(n) local left, num, right = string.match(n, "^([^%d]*%d)(%d*)(.-)$") if left and num and right then return left .. (num:reverse():gsub("(%d%d%d)", "%1" .. p['numeric']['delimiter']):reverse()) .. right else return n end end return p end return p pgkxz3kqyoyu0zj2nmtkjkdr0ntnin5