Wikipedia tumwiki https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jani_likulu MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.1 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 9615 123332 122462 2026-10-29T19:04:33Z InternetArchiveBot 6449 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 123332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revision}} {{Boma | zina = Likoma | mapu (mndozgi) = MW-Likoma.png | chalo = [[Malaŵi]] | chigaŵa = [[Chigaŵa cha Kumpoto]] | msumba ukulu = [[Likoma (msumba)|Likoma]] | ukulu wa malo = 18 | ŵanthu = 8,074 | year = }} '''Likoma''' ni boma ilo likusangika ku mpoto kwa charu cha [[Malaŵi]], iloso ndakuzingilizgika na maji (nyanja). == Mbiri == Apo ŵamishonale ŵa ku [[Portugal]] ŵakakhazikika mu vigaŵa vya mukati mwa [[Angola]] na [[Mozambique]] mu vilimika vya m'ma 1800, ŵamishonale ŵa ku England ŵakakhazikika mu Malaŵi, kusazgapo virwa vya mu [[Nyanja ya Malaŵi]]. Mu 1954, pakaŵa phangano lakuti pakati pa Nyanja ya Malaŵi paŵe mphaka pakati pa Malaŵi na Mozambique; kweni virwa vya Likoma na Chizumulu vikasungika.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.travelmalawiguide.com/likoma%20island.html|title=Likoma Island - Hot locations|website=www.travelmalawiguide.com|access-date=2016-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403124244/http://www.travelmalawiguide.com/likoma%20island.html|archive-date=2017-04-03}}</ref> == Ŵanthu == Pa nyengo ya kalembera wa chalo cha Malaŵi wa 2018, chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu mu chigaŵa cha Likoma kuyana na mafuko chikaŵa nga ni:[2] * 73.8% ŴaNyanja * 9,2% ŴaChewa * 9.1% ŴaTonga * 3.1% Ŵatumbuka * 1,4% ŴaYao * 1,2% ŴaNgoni * 1,1% ŴaLomwe * 0.4% ŴaNkhonde * 0.2% ŴaMang'anja * 0.1% ŴaSena * 0.1% ŴaLambya * 0.0% ŴaSukwa * 0.3% ŴaVinyake == Chikhalidwe == Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Likoma mbanonono chomene ndipo ŵakuyowoya chiyowoyero cha Nkamanga. Pa virwa vyose viŵiri pali vikaya vichoko, kupatulako Mbamba na tchalitchi la Anglican.<ref name=":0" /> Pali magalimoto ghachoko waka kweni magalimoto ghanandi gha matayala ghanayi, ghakupangiska kuti paŵe vyakusanguluska vyakupambanapambana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribes.co.uk/Malawi/Lake-Malawi-and-Beach/likoma-island|title=Likoma Island {{!}} Tribes Travel|last=Travel|first=Tribes|website=www.tribes.co.uk|access-date=2016-11-17}}</ref> == Malo ghakupambanapambana == Chigaŵa ichi chili na malo ghakukwana 20 km2 ndipo ŵanthu ŵakukwana 14,527 pa kalembera wa 2018. Chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu chili pafupifupi 726 pa square kilometre.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prb.org/pdf14/NkhataBay-Likoma-district-infographic-English.pdf|title=Nkhata Bay-Likoma Districts Infographics|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=PRB|access-date=17 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403122719/http://www.prb.org/pdf14/NkhataBay-Likoma-district-infographic-English.pdf|archive-date=3 April 2017}}</ref> Ni cigaŵa cicoko comene mu Malaŵi. Pa chirwa chikuru pali chiŵanja chimoza cha ndege.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ourairports.com/countries/MW/LK/|title=Map of airports in Likoma Island District, Malawi @ OurAirports|website=ourairports.com|access-date=2016-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117211959/http://ourairports.com/countries/MW/LK/|archive-date=2016-11-17}}</ref> [[File:Likoma (satellite).jpg|thumb|right|200px|Chigaŵa ca Likoma ico cikuwoneka kufuma ku satellite.]] === Misumba Yikuru === * [[Likoma (msumba)|Likoma]] * Mbamba * Chiguluwindi<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citipedia.info/province/general/Malawi_Likoma+District|title=Likoma District, Malawi - list of cities, towns, villages|website=www.citipedia.info|access-date=2016-11-17}}</ref> * Chinyanya * Chiponder * Vigaŵa vya Batman * Chipyela == Maofesi gha boma == Pali chigaŵa chimoza cha National Assembly icho chikwimira Likoma Islands: * Virwa vya Likoma Kuyambira pa chisankho cha 2009 wakhala akugwira ntchito ndi O. A. Wakutemweka wane. Thundu wa [[Democratic Progressive Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.parliament.gov.mw/mps.php?mode=wd&dis=Likoma |title=Parliament of Malawi - Members of Parliament - Likoma District |access-date=2011-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717124810/http://www.parliament.gov.mw/mps.php?mode=wd&dis=Likoma |archive-date=2011-07-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ndyali == Mu chigaŵa ichi mukaŵavya uyo wakaluta ku mavoti pa chisankho cha 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201405170199.html|title=Malawi: No Presidential Hopeful Visits Likoma District to Campaign - Voters Feel Sidelined|last=Botha|first=Patrick|date=2014-05-17|newspaper=Malawi News Agency (Lilongwe)|access-date=2016-11-17}}</ref> == Nyengo == Cirwa ici cili na vyakumera vinandi, ndipo makuni agho ghakumera comene ni baobab na mango. Viŵeto ivi ni viyuni, viyuni, na somba zinandi za ku Malaŵi.<ref name=":0" /> == Maukaboni == <references/> {{Vigaŵa na maboma ghamu Malaŵi}} [[Category:Maboma ghamu Malaŵi]] [[Category:Boma la Likoma| ]] f3lvpoobf9ely3nrwukqr20qwr2sjnt 0 11469 123342 123316 2026-10-29T21:14:17Z InternetArchiveBot 6449 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 123342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} {{Malo|chalo=[[Malaŵi]]|chigaŵa=[[Chigaŵa cha kumpoto]]|boma=[[Chitipa]]|zina= Nasatoni, Chitipa}} '''Nasatoni''' zina la [[msumba]] kweneso malo agho ghakusangika mu boma la [[Chitipa]],mu [[higaŵa cha kumpoto|chigaŵa cha kumpoto]],mu charu cha [[Malaŵi]]. ==Ŵanthu== Chiyowoyero icho ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya ku Nasato ni [[chiNdali]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=Seputembala 2006 |title=LANGUAGE MAPPING SURVEY FOR NORTHERN MALAWI |url=http://unima-cls.org/Docs/MappingNorthernMalawi/lm-northernmalawi.pdf |publisher=[[University of Malawi]] |page=30 |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413225347/http://unima-cls.org/Docs/MappingNorthernMalawi/lm-northernmalawi.pdf |archive-date=2021-04-13}}</ref> ==Masambiro== ===Sukulu Yakwamba ya Nasato=== [[Sukulu Yakwamba]] ya Nasato ni sukulu 131 <ref>{{Cite web |date=Seputembala 7, 2016 |title=THE MALAWI NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS BOARD 2016 MALAWI PRIMARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION - PASS LIST (Chitipa) |url=https://www.faceofmalawi.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Chitipa-1.pdf |website=[[Face of Malawi]] |page=140 |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314010605/https://www.faceofmalawi.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Chitipa-1.pdf |archive-date=2023-03-14}}</ref>ya Chikhristu mu Nasato. Mu malo mwa ŵasambizgi Sukulu Yakwamba ya Nasato yili na ŵaliska. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalinde |first=Sophie |date=Malichi 31, 2015. |title=Annual Report 2014 |url=http://mhrcmw.org/mhrc/sites/default/files/2014%20Annual%20Report.pdf |page=23 |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314010301/http://mhrcmw.org/mhrc/sites/default/files/2014%20Annual%20Report.pdf |archive-date=2023-03-14}}</ref> ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} [[Category:Msumba zakusangika mu boma la Chitipa]] [[Category:Chitipa]] [[Category:Malo ghakusangika mu boma la Chitipa]] [[Category:Chitipa,Malaŵi]] btzqus63gbkd61125gn1d6l4mh7u1s6 0 18436 123337 121866 2026-10-29T20:07:29Z InternetArchiveBot 6449 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 123337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{Infobox academic|name=John McCracken|honorific_suffix= |image=Professor John McCracken died 23 October 2017 (sq cropped).jpg |alt= |caption= |birth_name=Kenneth John McCracken |birth_date={{birth date|df=y|1938|07|01}}|birth_place=[[Edinburgh]], United Kingdom|death_date={{death date and age|df=y|2017|10|23|1938|07|01}}|death_place=|occupation=|title=|known_for=|spouse=Jane Purkis (1966)<br />Juliet Clough (1972—)|children=|discipline=History|sub_discipline={{hlist|[[History of Malawi]]|[[Christianity in Africa]]}}|movement=<!-- Should match the ideological movement or denomination (for religious), "school" of thought etc. (e.g. "Anglican", "Postmodernist", "Socialist" or "Green" etc. -->|alma_mater=[[University of Cambridge]]|school_tradition=|doctoral_advisor=[[Ronald Robinson]]|doctoral_students=|notable_students=<!--Only those with WP articles-->|main_interests=|workplaces=[[University of Dar es Salaam]]<br />[[University of Stirling]]|notable_works=|notable_ideas=|influences=<!--Must be referenced from a third party source-->|influenced=<!--Must be referenced from a third party source-->|awards=<!--Notable national level awards only-->}} '''Kenneth John McCracken''' (1 July 1938 - 23 October 2017) wakaŵa wakulemba mbiri wa ku [[Britain]] ndipo wakumanya vya Africa. Wakamanyikwa comene cifukwa ca mabuku ghake ghakukhwaskana na mbiri ya [[Malaŵi|Malawi]] na Cikristu mu vyaru vya ku Africa. == Mbili == John McCracken wakababika mu Edinburgh, Scotland, pa Julayi 1, 1938.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ross|first=Kenneth R.|title=Obituary: John McCracken, leading African historian and Malawi expert|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/opinion/15660946.Obituary___John_McCracken__historian_and_Africanist/|access-date=20 April 2018|publisher=The Herald|date=16 November 2017}}</ref>Wakasambira pa sukulu ya Sedbergh School ndipo pamanyuma wakasambira pa St John's College, Cambridge, uko wakamba kutemwa nkhani za ku Africa. Wakasambira PhD ku Cambridge pasi pa Ronald Robinson, wakuyowoya chomene za mautumiki gha Church of Scotland mu Malaŵi. Mu 1964, apo wakaŵa kuti wachali kusambira vya udokotala, McCracken wakaluta ku Africa. Wakamba kusambizga pa University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland ku Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia (sono ni Harare, [[Zimbabwe]]). Pamanyuma pakuti charu cha Rhodesia chajiyimira pawekha mu 1965, wakafumamo mu charu ichi na kwamba kusambizga pa dipatimenti yiphya ya mbiri ku yunivesite ya Dar es Salaam ku [[Tanzania]]. Kwenekura wakamalizga udokotala wake, uwo wakawusanga mu buku la Politics and Christianity in Malawi, 1875~1940 (1977). Wakamanyikwa kuti ni yumoza wa ŵanthu ŵakumanya comene vya Cikristu mu Africa. Apo ŵakaŵa ku Tanzania, muwoli wa McCracken, Jane Purkis, wakafwa pa ngozi ya galimoto myezi 10 pera ŵati ŵatorana. Mu 1968, McCracken wakawelera ku Britain kuti wakambe uteŵeti wake ku yunivesite ya Stirling, iyo yikaŵako chaka chamara. Wakalemba nkhani zinandi zakukhwaskana na umoyo wa ŵanthu, vyachuma, ndyali, kweniso vya chilengiwa. Wakatoraso mu 1972. McCracken wakafumako ku Stirling kwa nyengo yichoko waka pakati pa 1980 na 1983 kuti watore udindo ku University of Malawi. Wakateŵeteraso nga purezidenti wa African Studies Association of the United Kingdom (ASAUK) pakati pa 1990 na 1992..<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr John McCracken has passed away |url=http://www.cas.ed.ac.uk/news/2017/dr_john_mccracken_has_passed_away |access-date=24 April 2018 |website=Centre of African Studies |publisher=[[University of Edinburgh]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424135851/http://www.cas.ed.ac.uk/news/2017/dr_john_mccracken_has_passed_away |archive-date=24 April 2018}}</ref> He retired from teaching in 2002.<ref>{{cite news|title=John McCracken, historian of Malawi – obituary|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2017/12/12/john-mccracken-historian-malawi-obituary/|publisher=The Telegraph|date=12 December 2017|access-date=20 April 2018}}</ref> Wakati wapumura, McCracken wakalutizga kulemba mbiri ya chalo cha Malawi, ndipo wakalemba mabuku ghanyake nga ni A History of Malawi, 1859~1966 (2012) na Voices from the Chilembwe Rising (2015). Wakafwa pa 23 Okutobala 2017. Mu 2020 pakalembeka buku la mutu wakuti Politics, Christianity and Society in Malawi. [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵambili ŵakufumila ku Britain mu Malaŵi]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵakulemba mbili Malaŵi]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵakufwa]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵakulemba mbili]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵakusintha charu cha Malaŵi]] == Uko vafuma vyakuyowoya == <references responsive="0"></references> == Mukaboni == * {{cite journal|last=Vaughan|first=Megan|authorlink=Megan Vaughan|title=Kenneth John McCracken, 1938–2017|journal=Journal of Southern African Studies|volume=44|issue=1|pages=197–199|date=2018|doi=10.1080/03057070.2018.1414519|doi-access=free}} == Vigaŵa vya kuwaro == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180424135851/http://www.cas.ed.ac.uk/news/2017/dr_john_mccracken_has_passed_away Dr John McCracken has Passed Away] at the Centre for African Studies ([[:en:University_of_Edinburgh|University of Edinburgh]]) {{Authority control}} 33ns7xq7ybk6ztbrlajiw27jubv041z 0 20156 123335 122518 2026-10-29T19:39:33Z InternetArchiveBot 6449 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 123335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=January 2021}}{{short description|Malawian corporate executive}} {{EngvarB|date=September 2020}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}} {{Infobox person | name = Edith Jiya | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1972}} | birth_place = [[Malawi]] | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = Malawian | citizenship = Malawian | alma_mater = '''[[University of Malawi]]'''<br/>([[bachelor's degree]])<br/>'''[[University of Derby]]'''<br/>(master's degree) | occupation = Business executive | years_active = 2000–present | title = Group chief executive officer of [[Old Mutual]] Malawi Limited | spouse = }} '''Eidth Jiya''' ni mwanakazi wa bizinesi wa ku [[Malawi]] ndipo ni mulara wa kampani ya Old Mutual Malawi Limited. Kweniso wali mu wupu wa mabungwe gha mabungwe gha boma na ghapadera gha ku Malawi.<ref name="1R">{{cite web |author=MarketScreener |date=6 September 2020 |title=Biography of Edith Jiya |url=https://www.marketscreener.com/business-leaders/Edith-Jiya-0JHWXP-E/biography/ |access-date=6 September 2020 |publisher=MarketScreener.com |place=Annecy, France}}</ref><ref name="2R">{{cite web |author=Nyasa Times |date=16 November 2015 |title=Edith Jiya Heading Old Mutual Malawi Limited |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/edith-jiya-heading-old-mutual-malawi-limited/ |access-date=6 September 2020 |newspaper=[[Nyasa Times]] |place=Blantyre}}</ref> == Umo vinthu vikaŵira == Wakababikira ku Malawi ndipo wakasambiranga ku sukulu za ku malo agha. Wakazomerezgeka kusambira pa Yunivesite ya Malawi, ndipo wakamalizga masambiro ghake. Pamanyuma, wakasambira pa Yunivesite ya Derby, ku United Kingdom, uko wakasanga digiri ya masisitere. Kweniso ni mulara wa inshuwalansi kufuma mu 2013. Edith Jiya ni munyawo wa Chartered Institute of Marketing na Chartered Insurance Institute.<ref name="1R" /> == Ntchito == Wakamba nchito yake nga ni manejala wa bizinesi ya mafuta gha ndege ku BP Malawi Limited, ndipo wakacita mulimo uwu kwa virimika vyakujumpha vinkhondi na cimoza, kwambira mu 2001 mpaka mu 2007. Mu chaka cha 2007, wakajoyina kampani ya Old Mutual Malawi Limited. Kufuma mu 2011 Edith Jiya wakaŵa manejara mukuru wa Old Mutual Life Assurance Company Malawi Limited, kampani ya Old Mutual Malawi Limited, ndipo wakateŵeteranga kwenekura mpaka mu 2015. Mu chaka cha 2015, wakasankhika kuŵa Acting Group CEO ku Old Mutual Malawi Limited. Pa 1 March 2017, wakasankhika kuŵa CEO wa Old Mutual Malawi Limited, m'malo mwa Chris Kapanga, uyo wakafumapo.<ref name="3R">{{cite web |author=Old Mutual Malawi |date=February 2017 |title=Mr. Chris Kapanga Retires And Mrs. Edith Jiya Takes Over As Group CEO of Old Mutual Malawi Effective 1 March 2017 |url=https://eu-assets.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt34f993be2714bde1/bltcac0f866af450a6a/5ea438c2000de979c7368df2/2017-03-08_New_Group_CEO_for_Old_Mutual_Malawi.pdf |access-date=6 September 2020 |publisher=Old Mutual Malawi Limited |location=Blantyre |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312171929/https://eu-assets.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt34f993be2714bde1/bltcac0f866af450a6a/5ea438c2000de979c7368df2/2017-03-08_New_Group_CEO_for_Old_Mutual_Malawi.pdf |archive-date=12 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="4R">{{cite web |author=Tom Sangala |date=10 March 2017 |title=Old Mutual Malawi Names Jiya As CEO |url=https://times.mw/old-mutual-malawi-names-jiya-as-ceo/ |newspaper=[[The Daily Times (Malawi)]] |place=Blantyre |access-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312173448/https://times.mw/old-mutual-malawi-names-jiya-as-ceo/ |archive-date=12 March 2023}}</ref> == Fundo zinyake == Kufumira mu mwezi wa Ogasiti 2020, kusazgapo maudindo ghake nga CEO wa gulu la Old Mutual Malawi Limited, Edith Jiya wakuteŵetera nga ni Chairperson wa 1. Old Mutual Unit Trusts Company Malawi Limited 2. Gulu la Old Mutual Investment Group Malawi na 3. Malawi Properties and Investments Company (Mpico) Padera pa vyose ivyo vyayowoyeka pachanya apa, wali mu mabungwe gha makampani na mabizinesi gha ku Malawi agha: 1. Banki ya FDH 2. Malawi Telecommunications Limited 3. Ubuntu Limited 4. FDH Financial Holdings Limited 5. Sukulu ya Nursing & Midwifery ya Holy Family 6. Wupu wa Malawi wa Insurance na 7. Kujura na Kupharazga.<ref name="1R" /> == Ukaboni == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> == Vigaŵa vya kuwaro == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200809083510/https://www.africasharedvaluesummit.com/speakers/edith-jiya/ Brief Bio] * [https://www.mbc.mw/news/entertainment/item/6507-old-mutual-limited-celebrates-listing-on-sub-saharan-africa-stock-exchanges Old Mutual Limited celebrates listing on Sub Saharan Africa Stock Exchanges] As of 26 June 2020. {{Authority control}} ofyt54vdnlbx5g7wfa48oz72qlu4umb 0 20978 123341 68477 2026-10-29T20:44:01Z InternetArchiveBot 6449 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 123341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{malawi-geo-stub}} '''Mapiri gha Ng'onga''' ni chigaŵa cha mapiri mu [[boma la Balaka]], [[Malawi]]. == Vinthu vyakwendakwenda == Makampani agho ghakuguliska malibwe ghakugwiliskira nchito mapiri gha Ng'onga. Kweniso ku malo agha kuli malo ghakuchemeka [[Center for Social Research]] (CDR).<ref>{{cite web |title=Raising community voice in extractive sector |url=https://times.mw/raising-community-voice-in-extractive-sector/ |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=The Times Group Malawi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317012312/https://times.mw/raising-community-voice-in-extractive-sector/ |archive-date=2023-03-17}}</ref> ==Ukaboni== {{reflist}} klszmztdinsc75zqv8a0k38nozgu6t3 0 22669 123336 118105 2026-10-29T20:04:19Z InternetArchiveBot 6449 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 123336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revision}} {{Infobox person | name = Johann Martin Schleyer | image = JM Schleyer.jpg | birth_name = Martin Schleyer | birth_date = {{birth date|1831|7|18|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Lauda-Königshofen|Oberlauda]], [[Grand Duchy ya Baden]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1912|8|16|1831|7|18|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Konstanz]], [[Ufumu wa Germany]] | occupation = Wasembe wa Katolika | known_for = [[Volapük]] }} '''Johann Martin Schleyer''' (18 July 1831 - 16 August 1912) wakaŵa wasembe wa Katolika wa ku [[Germany]] uyo wakambiska chiyowoyero cha Volapük. Zina lake lakwamba likaŵa "Martin Schleyer"; kweni wakalemba zina lakuti "Johann" (kucindika dada wake wauzimu). == Umoyo na ntchito == Schleyer wakababikira ku Oberlauda (Baden). Kuyana na lipoti lake, fundo yakuti paŵe chiyowoyero cha caru cose yikamba apo wakadumbiskananga na munthu munyake wa ku parishi lake, uyo wakaŵa mulimi wa ku Germany, ndipo wakaŵa wambura kusambira kuŵazga na kulemba. Wakimikika mu 1856. Kufuma mu 1867 m'paka mu 1875, wakaŵa muliska ku Krumbach kufupi na Meßkirch. Paumaliro wa nyengo iyi, wakakakika myezi yinayi cifukwa ca kupharazga kwimikana na cisopa ca cisosiyali. Kufuma mu 1875 m'paka 1885 wakaŵa muliska wa tchalitchi la Ss. Mpingo wa Peter na Paul ku Litzelstetten. Pamanyuma pake wakalemba kuti vilimika vinkhondi na viŵiri vyakwambilira mu Litzelstetten vikaŵa vyakukondweska comene mu umoyo wake. Pa nyengo iyi wakaŵa mulembi wa magazini ya Sionsharfe, iyo yikalembanga chomene vya visambizgo vya Chikatolika. Mu Meyi 1879 wakalemba nkhani yakukhwaskana na Volapük mu magazini iyi. Mu 1880, ŵakalemba buku la mutu wose. Chiyowoyero ichi chikapharazgika chomene ndipo mipingo yiphya yikamba kusangika mu vyaru vyose vya ku Europe. Pamanyuma pa 1885, Schleyer wakaleka mulimo wake wa uliska cifukwa ca ulwari, kweni wakalutilira kuwungana na gulu la Volapük. Mu 1894, Papa Leo XIII wakamusora kuŵa mulongozgi wa mpingo. Schleyer wakafwira ku Konstanz mu 1912. == Kukumbukira == [[File:JM Schleyer Grabstein.jpg|thumb|left|Dindi la Johann Martin Schleyer, Dindi Likuru la Konstanz, Germany]] [[File:Konstanz-hauptfriedhof-grab-von-johann-martin-schleyer-detail.JPG|thumb|Hauptfriedhof Konstanz, Germany (malo ghakusungako ŵakufwa), Riesenbergweg. Dindi la Johann Martin Schleyer, na malemba. Malo 12, Mzere 11, kumpoto kwa kumafumiro gha dazi kwa dindi.]] Mu Juni 2001, pakamba upharazgi wakuti waŵe wakukondwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ikue.org/cz/arkivo/a-46-2-02.htm#29|title=Dio Benu 46-2/2002|website=www.ikue.org|accessdate=30 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826061648/http://www.ikue.org/cz/arkivo/a-46-2-02.htm#29|archive-date=26 August 2016}}</ref> Sukulu ya sekondare ya Martin-Schleyer-Gymnasium Lauda-Königshofen ku Lauda yili na zina lake. == Maukaboni == {{Reflist}} == Vigaŵa vya kuwaro == * {{Internet Archive author |sname=Johann Martin Schleyer |sopt=t}} * {{commons category-inline|Johann Martin Schleyer}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928111132/http://www.bodanrueckgemeinden.de/english.htm#schleyer Information on Schleyer and the campaign for his beatification] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928111132/http://www.bodanrueckgemeinden.de/english.htm#schleyer |date=2007-09-28 }} * (de) [https://web.archive.org/web/20230320132410/https://www.ebfr.de/erzdioezese-freiburg/ueber-das-erzbistum/geschichte/johann-martin-schleyer/?stichwortsuche=Johann,Martin,Schleyer Johann Martin Schleyer] at the Website of catholic Erzdiözese Freiburg [[Category:Kubabika kwa ŵanthu 1831]] [[Category:Kufwa kwa ŵanthu mu 1912]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵa ku Lauda-Königshofen]] [[Category:Ŵasembe ŵa Katolika ŵa ku Germany ŵa m'ma 1800]] [[Category:Awo ŵakupanga viyowoyero vyakupangika]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵa ku Grand Duchy of Baden]] [[Category:Awo ŵakuyowoya viyowoyero vinyake]] [[Category:Volapük]] [[Category:Ŵadokotala ŵakumanya vya ndopa]] [[Category:Ŵateŵeti ŵa Ciuta ŵa ku Germany]] [[Category:Ŵasembe ŵa Katolika ŵa ku Germany ŵa m'ma 1900]] [[Category:Awo ŵakapanga vinthu vyakulembera]] 9lb0z005lnxy66y7zp8msefsbrdedqx 0 24078 123344 122665 2026-10-29T21:31:48Z InternetArchiveBot 6449 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 123344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|President of Malawi from 2014 to 2020}} {{EngvarB|date=June 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}} {{Nkhani iwemi}} {{Infobox officeholder|honorific_prefix=[[ His Excellency]]|name=Peter Mutharika|image=Arthur Peter Mutharika 2014 (cropped).jpg|alt=|caption=Mutharika mu 2014|order=|office=[[President of Malawi|President-elect of Malawi]]|term_start=TBD|term_end=|vicepresident=[[Jane Ansah]] (elect)|succeeding=[[Lazarus Chakwera]]|successor=|office1=5th [[President of Malawi]]|term_start1=31 May 2014|term_end1=28 June 2020|vicepresident1=[[Saulos Chilima]] <br /> [[Everton Chimulirenji]]|predecessor1=[[Joyce Banda]]|successor1=Lazarus Chakwera|office2=[[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Malawi)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]|president2=[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]|term_start2=8 September 2011|term_end2=26 April 2012|predecessor2=[[Etta Banda]]|successor2=[[Ephraim Chiume]]|office3=Minister of Education, Science and Technology|president3=[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]|term_start3=9 August 2010|term_end3=8 September 2011|predecessor3=[[George Chaponda]]|successor3=[[George Chaponda]]|office4=[[Ministry of Justice (Malawi)|Minister of Justice]]|president4=[[Bingu wa Mutharika]]|term_start4=15 June 2009|term_end4=9 August 2010|predecessor4=[[Henry Dama Phoya]]|successor4=[[George Chaponda]]|office5=Member of Parliament<br />for [[Thyolo District|Thyolo East]]|term_start5=19 May 2009|term_end5=March 2014|predecessor5=Bapu Khamisa|successor5=Gerson Timothy Solomoni|office6=Advisor to The President on Foreign and Domestic Policy|term_start6=2009|term_end6=2012|birth_name=Arthur Peter Mutharika|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1940|7|18}}|birth_place=Chisoka, [[Thyolo District|Thyolo]], [[Nyasaland]]|nationality=Malawian|party=[[Democratic Progressive Party (Malawi)|DPP]] (2004–present)<br />[[United Democratic Front (Malawi)|UDF]] (before 2004)|spouse=Christophine (d. 1990) <br /> {{Marriage|[[Gertrude Maseko]]|2014}}|relatives=[[Bingu wa Mutharika]] (brother)|children=3|alma_mater=[[University of London]] ([[LLB]]) <br />[[Yale Law School|Yale University]] ([[LL.M.|LLM]], [[Doctor of Juridical Science|JSD]])|profession=Lawyer|blank1=Awards|data1=International Jurist Award|signature=|signature_alt=|website=}} '''Arthur Peter Mutharika''' (wakababika pa 18 July 1940)<ref>{{cite web |title=Index Mp-Mz |url=https://www.rulers.org/indexm6.html |access-date=8 November 2018 |website=www.rulers.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=malawiindependentblog.com&nbsp;-&nbsp;This website is for sale!&nbsp;-&nbsp;malawiindependentblog Resources and Information. |url=http://ww1.malawiindependentblog.com/2016/11/17/shocking-things-you-did-not-knwo-about-malawi-president-arthur-peter-mutharika/ |access-date=3 April 2020 |website=ww1.malawiindependentblog.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205090451/http://ww1.malawiindependentblog.com/2016/11/17/shocking-things-you-did-not-knwo-about-malawi-president-arthur-peter-mutharika/ |archive-date=5 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Arthur Peter Wa Mutharika – Governance Link Initiative |url=http://www.governancelink.org/prof-arthur-peter-wa-mutharika/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108182020/http://www.governancelink.org/prof-arthur-peter-wa-mutharika/ |archive-date=8 January 2018 |access-date=8 January 2018}}</ref>ngwa vya ndyali na loya wa ku [[Malawi]] uyo wakaŵa purezidenti wa Malawi kwambira Meyi 2014 mpaka Juni 2020.<ref name="BBC News">{{cite web |date=28 June 2020 |title=Lazarus Chakwera sworn in as Malawi president after historic win |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53210473 |access-date=28 June 2020 |publisher=bbc.com}}</ref> Mutharika wagwira ntchito mu chigaŵa cha urunji wa vyaru vyakupambanapambana, wakumanya za malango gha vyaru vyakupambanapambana. Wakateŵeteranga nga ni mulaŵiliri wa mukuru wake, Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika, pa nkhani za vyaru vya kuwaro na mukati kufuma apo wakamba kampeni yake ya kuvota mpaka apo Pulezidenti wakafwira pa 5 Epulero 2012.<ref name="autogenerated7">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://law.wustl.edu/magazine/Spring2005/05mutharika.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114248/http://law.wustl.edu/magazine/Spring2005/05mutharika.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=21 August 2011}}</ref> Wakateŵeterapo nga ni Nduna ya vya Malango ndipo pamasinda wakaŵa Nduna ya vya Masambiro, Sayansi na Maukadaulo.<ref name="autogenerated7" /> Mutharika wakaŵaso nduna ya vyaru vya kuwaro kufuma mu 2011 mpaka 2012. Wakaŵa na udindo wa kovwira kunjizga ubwezi pakati pa Malawi na United Kingdom chifukwa cha kunangika kwa maboma ghaŵiri agha pamanyuma pa suzgo la Cochrane-Dyet.<ref name="autogenerated8">http://www.nyasatimes.com/blog/2011/09/16/malawi-leader-sends-%e2%80%98brother-leader%e2%80%99-for-talks-with-uk/?#comment-30779 {{dead link|date=June 2014}}</ref> Peter Mutharika wakasankhika kuŵa purezidenti wa chalo cha Malawi mu chaka cha 2014.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web |title=nationmw.net |url=http://www.nationmw.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=23846:are-voters-ready-for-peter-mutharika&catid=62:national-news&Itemid=59 |publisher=nationmw.net}}</ref> == Ntchito == === Early career === Mutharika wakapokera digiri ya malango kufuma ku yunivesite ya London mu 1965. Pamanyuma wakapokera digiri ya LL.M. na J.S.D. ku Yale University mu 1966 na 1969. Mutharika wali kuzomerezgeka kuŵa loya wa ku [[Tanzania]] kwambira mu 1971. Pakuŵa pulofesa, wasambizga pa University of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), Haile Selassie University (Ethiopia), Rutgers University (USA), United Nations Institute for Training and Research Program for Foreign Service Officers from Africa and Asia pa Makerere University (Uganda), na kwa vyaka 37 pa Washington University (USA), ndipo wateŵetera nga Academic Visitor pa London School of Economics (UK). Wakateŵeteraso nga ni mulaŵiliri wa American Bar Association's Rule of Law Initiative for Africa.<ref name="autogenerated7" /> === Late career === Wakawovwiranga nga ni pharazgi la mubali wake, Bingu wa Mutharika kuti waweleremo pa udindo wa purezidenti mu 2009.<ref name="autogenerated7" />Mu 1995 wakadandawura kuti wanjizge mazaza gha pulezidenti mu Malawi.<ref name="autogenerated7" /> Pamanyuma wakatora malo mu ndyali ya Malawi uko wakazgoka nduna mu kabini iyo wakawovwira kupanga. Wakalutizga kuteŵetera nga ni mupelekani wa ulongozgi kwa purezidenti mpaka apo purezidenti wakafwira mu 2012 pa nkhani za vyalo na vyalo.<ref name="autogenerated7" /> === ICSID Arbitration Tribunal === Mutharika wakaŵa yumoza wa ŵanthu ŵatatu awo ŵakeruzganga milandu ya caru cose. Mu Ogasiti 2011, Mutharika wakasankha kufumapo pa milandu yiŵiri ya ku khoti ku International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes iyo wakachitanga pa [[Zimbabwe]] apo ŵamalonda ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake ŵakazenga mulandu boma la Zimbabwe chifukwa cha kuswa mapangano gha vyamalonda.<ref name="autogenerated9">{{cite web |last=Bhebhe |first=Vusimusi |date=8 July 2010 |title=Mutharika forced to quit Zim land trial |url=http://www.thezimbabwean.co.uk/human-rights/51960/mutharika-forced-to-quit-zim.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110821073953/http://www.thezimbabwean.co.uk/human-rights/51960/mutharika-forced-to-quit-zim.html |archive-date=21 August 2011 |access-date=21 August 2011 |publisher=The Zimbabwean}}</ref> Ivi vikacitika cifukwa ca kufipa mtima cifukwa ca umo Bingu Mutharika wakenderananga na boma la Mugabe.<ref name="autogenerated9" /> == Umoyo wa ndyali == [[File:Peter_Mutharika_with_Kevin_Rudd.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Mutharika_with_Kevin_Rudd.jpg|thumb|Mutharika wali na nduna ya vyaru vya kuwaro kwa Australia [[:en:Kevin_Rudd|Kevin Rudd]]]] Ni purezidenti wa DPP mu Malawi. Mu Meyi 2009, wakasankhika ku Malawi Parliament, ndipo pamanyuma wakasankhika na munung'una wake Bingu wa Mutharika ku Malawi Cabinet nga ni Minister of Justice and Constitutional Affairs. Kufuma apo, wakaŵa nduna ya vya masambiro, sayansi na vyakupangapanga ndipo pa 8 Seputembala 2011 wakaŵa nduna ya vyamafumilo gha chalo mu "kabineti ka nkhondo".<ref name="autogenerated8" /> === DPP Factions === Mu chaka cha 2010, masuzgo ghakawuka chifukwa cha kuyowoya kuti President Bingu wa Mutharika wakakhumbanga kusora Peter Mutharika, munung'una wake, kuŵa mulondezgi wa chipani cha Joyce Banda. Wapampando uyu wakafumiskika ku DPP ndipo wakambiska chipani chake, People's Party (PP). Ŵanthu ŵanyake mu DPP ŵakaleka ntchito chifukwa cha kufumiska mulara wa boma. Kuyana na malango gha Malawi, Joyce Banda wakalutilira kuŵa Vice-President wa chalo ichi nangauli wakachimbizgika ku DPP.<ref name="autogenerated6">{{cite web |date=December 2010 |title=Malawi: a monarchy in the making? &#124; Francis Chuma &#124; Comment is free |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/dec/01/malawi-monarchy-making-mutharika |publisher=guardian.co.uk}}</ref> ==== DPP Presidential Endorsement ==== Mu Ogasiti 2011, DPP National Governing Council (NGC) yikakolerana na Peter Mutharika kuŵa mulongozgi wa chalo pa chisankho cha 2014. Chipharazgo ichi chikwiza mazuŵa ghachoko waka pamanyuma pa chipharazgo cha pa 20 Julayi 2011, apo ŵakachitiska ma strike pa charu chose chenechichi kwimikana na boma la Bingu Mutharika. Chipani cha DPP cha DPP NGC chikakolerana nayo chifukwa chipani ichi chindachiteko ungano wakusankha ŵalongozgi ŵaphya. Wakuda Kamanga, Secretary General, wakayowoya kuti fundo iyi yikapelekeka nangauli pakaŵa ŵanthu ŵakususka chifukwa chipani chikagomezganga kuti "mkwiyo uwu uzamumara".<ref name="autogenerated3" /> Kuzomerezgeka uku kukapangiska kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakasuskanga ndondomeko ya kupika maudindo mu chipani ichi, kusazgapo Joyce Banda, wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti wa chipani ichi na Khumbo Kachali, wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti wa chipani ichi, ŵafumiskike. === US citizenship controversy === Kuyimilira kwa Peter Mutharika pa udindo wa nduna ya boma na kuyenerera kwake pa udindo wa purezidenti kukaŵa kwamaseŵera chifukwa cha kukayika na kukayika pa wanangwa wake wa kukhala wa Malawi. Mubali Mustapha Hussein, uyo wakusambizga vya ndyali na boma pa Yunivesite ya Malawi, wakati: "Munthu uyu wakwenera kuŵa wa ku Malawi chifukwa chakuti wazamuŵa na vyaka vyakujumpha 35 mu 2014, ndipo wandaŵikepo mulandu wa kuswa malango kwa vyaka 7. Kweni malango gha Malawi ghakukana kuŵa na wanangwa wa kukhala ku chalo chimoza ndipo ŵanthu ŵakughanaghana kuti wakaba wanangwa wa kukhala ku chalo chimoza apo wakakhalanga ku chalo chimoza ndipo wakaleka wanangwa wa kukhala ku chalo chimoza nga umo malango ghakukhumbira. Ndipouli, ofesi ya nthumwi ya United States ku [[Lilongwe]] yikati iyo ni mwenekaya wa charu yayi kweni wali na green card. Chipani cha DPP icho chili na mazaza pa chalo ichi chayowoya kuti Mutharika ni mwenekaya wa chalo cha Malawi ndipo wangasankhika kuŵa purezidenti wa chalo ichi. Pakaŵa mphindano yakuti, pakuŵa mweneco wa Green Card wa ku United States, wakaŵa wakugomezgeka ku United States. Ntheura, ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu misewu ŵakuwona kuti caru cingawusikika yayi na munthu uyo wakukhala ku United States kwa myezi yitatu pa caka kuti waŵe na malo ghakukhala. Mu Febuluwale 2014, wakaleka green card na malo ghakukhalamo.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 February 2014|title=DPP's Peter Mutharika dumps US Green Card|url=http://www.capitalradiomalawi.com/index.php/component/k2/item/471-dpp-s-peter-mutharika-dumps-us-green-card|newspaper=[[The Nation (Malawi)]]|access-date=2 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307003530/http://capitalradiomalawi.com/index.php/component/k2/item/471-dpp-s-peter-mutharika-dumps-us-green-card|archive-date=7 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> === 2014 election === Peter Mutharika wakasankhika kuŵa purezidenti pa chisankho cha 2014. Wakapika kuŵa purezidenti pa 31 May 2014. Mu Juni 2014, Mutharika wakasankha nduna zake ndipo ndiyo wakaŵa na udindo wa kuvikilira chalo. Wakasora munthu wakumanya vya chuma, Goodall Gondwe kuŵa Minisita wa vya Ndalama ndipo wakasora Atupele Muluzi, yumoza wa awo ŵakathereskeka, kuŵa Minisita wa vya Chilengiwa, Magesi na Migodi. Mu Juni 2014, wakakhozgera kuti kulimilira vyakurya vinyake padera pa hona.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 June 2014 |title=Can Malawi end tobacco addiction? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-27737018 |access-date=18 June 2014 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nyengo yake yakwamba yikaŵa na ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukwenyelera cifukwa ca vimbundi, kusoŵa cakurya ndiposo kuŵavya magesi. Mu 2018, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakaluta mu misewu mu misumba yinandi ya mu charu ichi kuti ŵakane vimbundi. Mutharika wakasoleka na mulandu wa kupoka vimbundi, wakukayika kuti wakapokera ndalama zakujumpha $200,000 kufuma kwa munthu munyake wa bizinesi uyo wakapanga phangano la madola mamiliyoni ghanandi na ŵapolisi. Bungwe la Malawi Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB) lazomera kuti Muthatika walije mulandu pa mulandu wa kugura chakurya ku ŵapolisi. ACB yikayowoya kuti kafukufuku uyo wakachitika pa chiphikiro cha vyakurya cha Malawi Police Service (MPS) wavumbura kuti Pulezidenti Peter Mutharika wakawovwirika yayi na ndalama zakukwana $200,000 izo zikaŵikika pa akaunti ya Democratic Progressive Party.<ref>{{cite web |last=Khunga |first=Suzgo |date=13 August 2018 |title=ACB backs APM, Clears chilima – The Nation Online |url=https://mwnation.com/acb-backs-apm-clears-chilima/ |access-date=2020-03-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> === 2019 election === {{main|2019 Malawian general election}} Pa 21 May 2019, chalo cha Malawi chikapeleka mavoti ghakusoleka kuti ŵasankhe purezidenti muphya, mamembala gha pharalamende, na makhansala gha boma. Peter Mutharika wakasankhika na kukhozgeka nga ni mulongozgi wa DPP. Munthu uyo wakamususkiranga comene wakaŵa Dr. Lazarus McCarthy Chakwera wa Malawi Congress Party (MCP). Saulos Chilima, uyo wakaŵa wachiŵiri kwa Mutharika kufuma mu 2014, nayo wakalimbana na Mutharika kufuma apo ŵaŵiri aŵa ŵakapatukirana mu Epulero 2018. Chisankhocho chinasokonezeka ndi mikangano ndi zonena za kusokoneza ndi DPP ya Mutharika. Mu vigaŵa vinyake nga ni Nsanje na Chikwawa kumwera kwa Malaŵi, banthu ba Malawi Electoral Commission awo bakwendeska mavoti ŵakasuskika kuti ŵasintha mavoti gha Chakwera kuŵa gha Mutharika. Mubali Fred Thomas, uyo wakugwira ntchito ku chigaŵa cha Nsanje, wakakakika chifukwa cha kunanga mavoti.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sangala |first=Tom |date=24 May 2019 |title=Rigging claims mar elections in Nsanje |url=https://times.mw/rigging-claims-mar-elections-in-nsanje/ |access-date=3 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208030520/http://times.mw/rigging-claims-mar-elections-in-nsanje/ |archive-date=8 December 2019}}</ref> Nkhani zakuyana na izi zakubendezga mavoti na kuyuzga awo ŵakuwonelera vya chipani cha DPP zikalembeka mu vigaŵa vinyake nga ni Zomba, Thyolo, Mulanje, Lilongwe na Nkhotakota. Mabuku ghanandi agho ghakalembeka ghakaŵaso na nkhani zakupusika. Ŵanthu ŵankhaza ŵa ndyali, awo ŵakaghanaghananga kuti mba DPP, ŵakasanganga ma results ndipo ŵakasinthanga manambara mwa 'kusisita' manambara ghakwambilira mwa kuŵikapo tippex (chipambi chakupimira). Ivi vikapangiska kuti mavoti ghaŵe ghakucemeka "Tippex Election", ndipo pamanyuma pake Mutharika wakasankhika kuŵa "Tippex President". Pa 27 Meyi 2019 ndipo nangauli pakaŵa vinthu vyambura kwenelera, Mulongozgi wa Malawi Electoral Commission Justice Jane Ansah, wa khoti likuru, wakapharazga kuti Mutharika ndiyo watonda pa chisankho ichi na mavoti 1,940,709 pakususkana na 1,781,740 ya Dr Lazarus Chakwera wa MCP. Saulos Chilima, uyo wakimiranga UTM wakapokera mavoti 1,018,369. Mutharika wakalapizga pa 28 May 2019 kwa nyengo yinyakhe ya vyaka vinkhondi. Chipani cha opposition cha MCP na UTM chikapempha ku khoti likuru la Malawi kuti likanizgeso mavoti gha pa chisankho ichi. Pa nyengo yeneyira, ŵanthu ŵakususka boma ŵakalutilira kulongora kuti ŵakususka ivyo vikacitika pa nyengo ya maungano.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malawi post-election protesters clash with ruling party supporters |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-09/26/c_138422497.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927014346/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-09/26/c_138422497.htm |archive-date=27 September 2019 |access-date=5 February 2020 |website=Xinhua}}</ref>Wupu wa Human Rights Defenders Coalition (HRDC) uwo pa nyengo iyo ukalongozgekanga na Timothy Mtambo ukalongozga chivundungwele cha kususka muwuso wa Mutharika pakususka boma lake kuti ndakujikuzga na kukhumba kuti Jane Ansah wafumeko. Pa 3 February, 2020, ŵeruzgi ŵa khoti la Constitutional Court ŵakafika ku Lilongwe court kuti ŵapeleke chigamulo pa chisankho cha purezidenti icho chikaŵa chakukayikiska. Ŵeruzgi ŵakaŵazganga mulandu uwu kwa maora 7. Khoti la Malawi Constitutional Court likadumura kuti mavoti gha pa 21 May 2019 ghaleke kugwira ntchito, chifukwa cha viheni ivyo vikachitika na Malawi Electoral Commission. Kweniso likalangura kuti paŵe mavoti ghaphya mu mazuŵa 150. Kuwuskapo mulandu uwu kukaŵa kwachilendo yayi ku Malawi, ndipo kakaŵa kaŵiri pera kuti ivi vichitikenge mu Africa.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 February 2020 |title=Malawi court annuls election in boost for African democracy |url=https://www.thehour.com/news/article/Malawi-court-annuls-election-in-boost-for-African-15029239.php |access-date=5 February 2020 |website=The Hour}}</ref> === 2020 election === {{main|2020 Malawian general election}} Mutharika wakathereskeka na Lazarus Chakwera pa mavoti gha 2020 apo wakapokera waka mavoti pafupifupi 40%. Chakwera wakalapizga kuŵa purezidenti wa Malawi pa 28 Juni 2020.<ref name="BBC News" /> Pa 17 July, 2022, Peter Mutharika wakachita ungano ku nyumba yake ya Page House ku Mangochi uko wakapa mulandu boma la sono la Tonse Alliance kuti lalekeska ŵanthu ŵa ku Malawi na kuleka kufiska ivyo ŵakalayizga. Kweniso wakalayizga kuti chipani chake chizamutonda pa mavoti gha mu 2025 ndipo wachali kughanaghanira usange wangalutizga..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Namasani |first=Durrell |date=17 July 2022 |title=Mutharika says DPP will win big in 2025 |url=https://www.247malawi.com/mutharika-says-dpp-will-win-big-in-2025/ |url-status=live |website=www.247malawi.com}}</ref> '''Anti-corruption investigations''' Mu Ogasiti 2020, Malawi Anti-Corruption Commission yikakanizga ndalama za Peter na muwoli wake Gertrude, pakuchita kafukufuku wakususkana na vimbundi pa nkhani ya kunozga simenti ya K5 billion dollars kwambura msonkho. Mu Janyuwale 2021, Khoti Likuru likakana pempho la Mutharika lakuti walekeske kusungiska ndalama zake.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Gwede |first1=Wanga |last2=Khamula |first2=Owen |date=2021-01-23 |title=Malawi: Court Says Mutharika Still Can't Access His Bank Accounts - Ex-Malawi Leader Slapped With Costs |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202101230038.html |access-date=2021-01-25 |website=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref> === Personal life === [[File:Meeting_Malawian_Foreign_Minister_Professor_Arthur_Peter_Mutharika_(6175272731).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Meeting_Malawian_Foreign_Minister_Professor_Arthur_Peter_Mutharika_(6175272731).jpg|thumb|Mutharika meeting [[:en:Henry_Bellingham_(Norfolk_MP)|Henry Bellingham]] of the British [[:en:Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Office|Foreign Office]]]] Mutharika wali na ŵana ŵasungwana ŵaŵiri na mwana mwanalume kufuma ku nthengwa yake yakwamba. Muwoli wake wakwamba, Christophine, wakafwa apo ŵana ŵake ŵakaŵa ŵachoko. Wakaŵa Mukatolika wa ku Caribbean.<ref>{{cite news|last=Muheya|first=Green|date=4 April 2014|title=Peter Mutharika touted cultured character as widower for 30-years|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/2014/04/04/peter-mutharika-touted-cultured-character-as-widower-for-30-years/|newspaper=[[Nyasa Times]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602194926/http://www.nyasatimes.com/2014/04/04/peter-mutharika-touted-cultured-character-as-widower-for-30-years/|archive-date=2 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Christophine G. Mutharika International Law Award |url=http://law.wustl.edu/registrar/pages.aspx?id=2550 |publisher=[[Washington University School of Law]]}}</ref> Mutharika wakaŵa chokoro kwa vyaka vyakujumpha 30, kweni pa Juni 21, 2014, wakatora Gertrude Maseko, uyo wakaŵa mu Nyumba ya Malango ya Malawi.<ref>{{cite news|date=21 June 2014|title=Mutharika weds partner in colourful ceremony|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/africa/mutharika-weds-partner-in-colourful-ceremony-1.1706988#.U6WYm_RDuSo|publisher=[[Independent Online (South Africa)]]|access-date=21 June 2014}}</ref> Mutharika wali mu tchalitchi la Presbyterian.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 May 2014 |title=Mutharika Shuns National Prayers, Opts For Labourers |url=http://www.faceofmalawi.com/2014/05/mutharika-shuns-national-prayers-opts-for-labourers/#sthash.cjApCTc1.dpbs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140531165853/http://www.faceofmalawi.com/2014/05/mutharika-shuns-national-prayers-opts-for-labourers/%23sthash.cjApCTc1.dpbs |archive-date=31 May 2014 |website=faceofmalawi.com}}</ref> Ni munung'una wa Bingu wa Mutharika, pulezidenti wachitatu wa Malawi. === Ntchito zosankhidwa === * ''Foreign Investment Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Emerging Policy and Legal Frameworks'' (book). * "Accountability for Political Abuses in Pre-Democratic Malawi: The Primacy of Truth" – Third World Legal Studies, 2003. * "Approaches to Restorative Justice in Malawi", 13th Commonwealth Law Conference, Melbourne, Australia, April 2003. * "Legal System of Malawi", Legal Systems of the World (2002). * "Some Thoughts on Rebuilding African State Capability", ''Washington University Law Quarterly'' (1998). * "Creating an Attractive Investment Climate in the Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) Region", ''Foreign Investment Law Journal'' (1997). * "The Role of the United Nations Security Council in African Peace Management: Some Proposals", ''Michigan Journal of International Law'' (1996). * "The 1995 Democratic Constitution of Malawi", ''Journal of African Law'' (1996). * "The Role of International Law in the Twenty-First Century: An African Perspective", ''Fordham International Law Journal'' (1995) and reprinted in ''Commonwealth Law Bulletin'' (1995). * "The Regulation of Statelessness Under International and National Law", Oceana Publications (1986). * "The Alien Under American Law", Oceana Publications (1988). * "The International Law of Development", Oceana Publications (1995). * "The Work of Council International Co-operation Of Humanity", ''African Magazine'' (2003). === Mphoto === He is a recipient of the following awards; * International Jurist Award, 2008 * The African Leadership Award, 2016 and Medal of Honour, 2016 * [[:en:Honorary_Doctor_of_Letters|Honorary Doctor of Letters]] (Hon. D.Litt.), [[:en:University_of_Addis_Ababa|University of Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia in 2016<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230324075512/http://www.aau.edu.et/blog/aau-hosts-the-65th-graduation-ceremony/ AAU hosts the 65th Graduation Ceremony] - website of the [[University of Addis Ababa]]</ref><ref>[https://www.nyasatimes.com/addis-ababa-university-honour-malawi-president-mutharika-doctorate-degree/ ddis Ababa University to Honour Malawi President Mutharika With Doctorate Degree] - website of the Malawian newspaper [[Nyasa Times]]</ref> * State of Georgia Senate Citation of Merit, 2016 * [[:en:Honorary_title_(academic)#Honorary_Professor|Honorary Professor]], [[:en:University_of_International_Business_and_Economics_(Beijing)|University of International Business and Economics]], Beijing, China, 2018<ref>[https://www.nyasatimes.com/top-chinese-university-to-honour-malawis-mutharika-with-another-professorship/ Top chinese university to honour malawis mutharika with another professorship] - website of the Malawian newspaper [[Nyasa Times]]</ref> * Nelson Mandela Leadership Award, National Baptist Convention, 2018 * Honorary [[:en:Doctor_of_Humane_Letters|Doctor of Humane Letters]] (L.H.D.), [[:en:Washington_University_in_St._Louis|Washington University in St. Louis]], [[:en:Missouri,_United_States|Missouri, United States]] in 2018<ref>[https://source.wustl.edu/2018/10/president-of-malawi-receives-honorary-degree-from-washington-university-in-st-louis/ President of Malawi receives honorary degree from Washington University] - news website of the [[Washington University in St. Louis]]</ref> * Senior Of Politics Debate, Indonesian Jakarta Collage, 2019 === Maudindo ghakulu === * President, International Third-World Legal Studies Association, 1986-1993 * Global Fund Replenishment Champion, 2018-2019 * Member, Committee of Ten African Heads of State Championing the Advancement of Education, Science and Technology, appointed by the African Union 2018 * Champion, Global Partnership for Education * African Development Bank, Youth Champion * Co-convenor, Global Commission on Financing Education * Champion, Trade Related Aspects of Property Rights (TRIPS) * UN Women "HeForShe" Champion * UNFPA Global Youth Champion * Advisor in Council of the Economic and Trade Cooperation of African Youth (ETCAY) * Board Chairperson for United Nations Economic and Trade Commission of Africa {{Ŵalongozgi chalo cha Malaŵi}} == Ukaboni == <references responsive="0"></references> == Vigaŵa vya kuwaro == {{Sister project links|wikt=no|b=no|n=no|s=no|v=no|voy=no|species=no|d=Q7176020|display=Peter Mutharika}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140601001139/http://www.dppmalawi.com/documents/files/Peter%20Mutharika%20Biographical%20Sketch.pdf The Biographical Sketch of Peter Mutharika] * {{youTube|Iv5MHa7Vzrg|Mutharika's speech at his brother's funeral}} {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Etta Banda]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Minister of Foreign Affairs|years=2011–2012}} {{s-aft|after=[[Ephraim Chiume]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Joyce Banda]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Malawi]]|years=2014–2020}} {{s-aft|after=[[Lazarus Chakwera]]}} {{s-end}}{{Heads of State of Malawi|state=collapsed}}{{Authority control}} srnn2lraipz1ijcjef3ruf3q5wishuo 0 25470 123334 122499 2026-10-29T19:24:40Z InternetArchiveBot 6449 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 123334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = | native_name = | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-1 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | settlement_type = Rural Town | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | etymology = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = Camajuani city map Chorreron.png | map_alt = | map_caption = Map of Chorreron (red) in Aguada de Moya (orange) in Camajuani. | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|latitude|longitude|type:city|display=inline,title}} --> | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Cuba}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Cuba|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Villa Clara Province|Villa Clara]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Municipalities of Cuba|Municipality]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Camajuaní]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Consejo popular (Cuba)|Ward]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Aguada de Moya]] | established_title = First settled | established_date = 1703 | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | governing_body = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | unit_pref = Metric <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->| area_footnotes = | area_urban_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> --> | area_rural_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> --> | area_metro_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> --> | area_note = | area_water_percent = | area_rank = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank2_title = <!-- square kilometers --> | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_urban_km2 = | area_rural_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank2_km2 = <!-- hectares --> | area_total_ha = | area_land_ha = | area_water_ha = | area_urban_ha = | area_rural_ha = | area_metro_ha = | area_blank1_ha = | area_blank2_ha = | length_km = | width_km = | dimensions_footnotes = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = <ref name=“EcuRed”> [https://web.archive.org/web/20230422222736/https://www.ecured.cu/Chorrer%C3%B3n_(Camajuan%C3%AD) Chorrerón (Camajuaní) - EcuRed]</ref> | population_as_of = | population_total = 614 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | population_demonym = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 52500 <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.postalcodeinfo.com/cuba/place-aguada_de_moya-camajuani_-villa_clara-3 | title=Aguada de Moya, Camajuani, Villa Clara, Cuba Postal Code - Pin Code of Aguada de Moya, Camajuani, Villa Clara, Cuba - Aguada de Moya, Camajuani, Villa Clara, Cuba Zip Code }}</ref> | area_code_type = | area_code = | area_codes = <!-- for multiple area codes --> | iso_code = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | module = | footnotes = | official_name = Chorrerón }} '''Chorrerón''' ni tawuni yichoko mu [[Camajuaní]], [[Villa Clara]], [[Cuba]]. Msumba uwu uli na ŵanthu 614. <ref name=“EcuRed”/> Matawuni ghanyake agho ghali pafupi nagho ni Vega de Palma, Vega Alta, Tarafa, Taguayabón, San Benigno, Vueltas, na Oliver. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chorreron, Camajuani, Villa Clara, Cuba Postal Code - Pin Code of Chorreron, Camajuani, Villa Clara, Cuba - Chorreron, Camajuani, Villa Clara, Cuba Zip Code |url=https://www.postalcodeinfo.com/cuba/place-chorreron-camajuani_-villa_clara-3 |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=www.postalcodeinfo.com}}</ref> ==Masambiro== Mu tawuni iyi muli sukulu yimoza, iyo ni iyi: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Portal del Ciudadano en Camajuaní - Educación |url=https://www.soycamajuani.gob.cu/es/educacion/amp |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=www.soycamajuani.gob.cu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712021433/https://www.soycamajuani.gob.cu/es/educacion/amp |archive-date=2024-07-12}}</ref> *[[Escuela Primaria Isidro Glez|Isidro Glez Primary]] Ŵanthu ŵa mu cigaŵa ici ŵasanga candulo cikuru comene cifukwa lero ŵali na maofesi gha munkhwala, maofesi gha munthavi gha mazuŵa ghano, na maofesi ghanyake gha munthavi. <ref name=“EcuRed”/> ==Chuma== Kuyana na DMPF (Departamento de control de la Dirección Municipal de Planificación Física) ya Camajuani, Chorrerón ni malo agho ghakovwira ŵanthu kusanga nchito panji kutimbanizga vinthu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Barroso |first=Joel Jiménez |last2=Figueroa Vidal |first2=Dr. Arq. Carlos. R. |title=Diagnóstico estratégico de la situación habitacional del municipio de Camajuaní |url=https://dspace.uclv.edu.cu/bitstream/handle/123456789/1550/C10009.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |page=67}}</ref> Msumba uwu uli mu malo gha vyakumera, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakulima. Vinthu vikuru comene vya mu caru ici ni: vyakurya vya shuga, hona, vyakurya vyakupambanapambana na viŵeto. Mu vigaŵa vyapafupi na msumba uwu muli mafakitale ghakujumpha 20, kusazgapo nyama na moŵa, kweniso fakitare yakupangiramo vinthu vyaulimi. <ref name=“EcuRed”/> ==Malo== [[Mlonga wa Sagua la Chica]] na wa [[Mlonga wa Camajuaní|Camajuaní]] ndiwo ni misewu yikuru comene mu tawuni iyi. Malo agha ghakaŵa ghambura kwenda makora, ndipo ghakaŵa na madambo ghanandi. <ref name=“EcuRed”/> Chifukwa cha malo agha, zuŵa lililose mu tawuni iyi mukuŵa chithukivu cha madigiri 30.29 na madigiri 21.66. Mphepo zikufuma kumafumiro gha dazi na kumpoto-kumafumiro gha dazi kwa tawuni iyi ndipo zikujumpha pa 8.3 km pa ora. <ref name=“EcuRed”/> Ku tawuni iyi kukulokwa maji ghanandi chomene pa chaka. <ref name=“EcuRed”/> ===Arroyo Chorrerón=== {{Location map|Cuba Camajuaní| caption = Arroyo Chorrerón| label = Arroyo Chorrerón|position=right|lat=22.58333|long=-79.68333}} Ili na zina la [[Arroyo Chorrerón, Camajuaní|Arroyo Chorrerón]], kumpoto kwa chigawa ya [[Batalla de Santa Clara (Camajuaní)|Batalla de Santa Clara]]. Umoyo wa mu savani. Kutentha kwapakati ndi 24 °C. Mwezi wakotcha chomene ni Meyi, ndipo wakuzizima chomene ni Janyuwale, ndipo wakuzizima chomene ni Meyi. Pa avereji, pa chaka kukulokwa maji ghakukwana mamita 1,677. Mwezi uwo kukulokwa maji ghanandi ni Meyi, ndipo kukulokwa maji ghakukwana mamilimita 263. <ref>{{Cite web|url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date= 30 Enero 2016|publisher= NASA|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130806035941/http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|archive-date= 2013-08-06}}</ref><ref name=“nasa”>{{Cite web|url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M|title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|access-date= 30 Enero 2016|publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210610101843/https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M|archive-date= 2021-06-10}}</ref> {| |- |{{climate chart | Arroyo Chorrerón | 16| 25| 25 | 18| 27| 44 | 17| 29| 44 | 19| 33| 129 | 20| 33| 263 | 21| 31| 199 | 21| 29| 192 | 22| 29| 202 | 21| 27| 222 | 21| 26| 259 | 18| 26| 74 | 17| 24| 25 |float=left |clear=left |source = <ref name = "nasa"/> }} |} ==Mbili== Uthenga wakwamba wakulongosora za malo agha ngwakufuma mu [[1703]]. Mu cigaŵa ici, vinthu vikamba kwenda makora comene ndipo vikafika pa vigaŵa vyose vya umoyo wa cuma, ndyali na wa ŵanthu. Pakuyowoya za zina la cigaŵa ico tawuni iyi yili, Camajuaní, pali Mabaibolo ghakupambanapambana, ndipo ghakuzomerezgeka comene ndigho ghakuyowoya za lizgu ili, ilo likufuma ku ŵanthu ŵa mu caru ici, ilo likung'anamura mlonga uwo ukuskamba mu madambo ghake, ndipo likung'anamura, pakati pa vinyake, maji ghakutowa, ghakutowa na ghakwenda. <ref name=“EcuRed”/> Chigaluka chakwamba mu vyaru ivi chikachitika pa [[Febuluwale 14]], [[1869]], ndipo mulongozgi wake wakaŵa Salome Hernández wa ku [[Venezuela]], uyo wakagwiranga nchito mu caru ici, ndipo wakaŵa mulara wa ŵasilikari. Ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakamanyikwa na nkhondo iyi ŵakaŵa Jesús del Sol, Aquilino Tuñón, na Diego Dorado. <ref name=“EcuRed”/> Pa [[Epulero 25]] wa chaka chenechicho, dokotala [[Juan Bruno Zayas]] wakawuka kufuma ku munda wapafupi mu [[Vega Alta, Cuba|Vega Alta]], pamoza na gulu lakwamba la ŵasilikari mu Villa Clara ya mazuŵa ghano. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa ku malo agha ŵakaŵa na nkharo yiwemi, nga ni Mubali [[Leoncio Vidal Caro]], kweniso Mubali Roberto Méndez Peñate na Rafael Casallas. Vidal ndiyo wakalongozga kuwukira kwa [[Santa Clara, Cuba|Santa Clara]] pa [[Malichi 23]], [[1896]]. <ref name=“EcuRed”/> Mu vyaka vya [[Repubulika la New Colonial (Cuba)|Repubulika la New Colonial]], ŵanthu ŵakamba kulimbana na ŵantchito. Vyaka ivi vikaŵa vyakukondweska comene cifukwa cakuti ŵantchito ŵa mu vigaŵa vikuruvikuru ŵakacitanga milimo yinandi; ŵantchito ŵa mu vigaŵa vya shuga na hona ŵakacitanga maungano gha mazuŵa ghacoko waka kuti ŵavikilire vilato vyawo, nga ni kunanga kwa ŵantchito ŵa mu vigaŵa vyakwambilira kuti ŵasangire ndalama zakupambana na za ŵantchito ŵa mu vigaŵa vyakwambilira. <ref name=“EcuRed”/> Pakukhumba kuti charu chiŵe na wanangwa, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa mu chigaŵa ichi ŵakamba kulimbana na batistato. Ŵanandi ŵa iwo ŵakapeleka umoyo wawo cifukwa ca mulimo uwu. Ŵanthu awo ŵakuzunulika ni Anastasio [[Cárdenas, Cuba|Cárdenas]] Ávila, uyo wakafwa ku [[Trinidad]], na Andrés Cuevas Heredia, uyo wakafwa mu nkhondo ya Sierra Maestra, ndipo wakapika udindo wa mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari cifukwa ca nkhongono zake. Cinthu cakuzirwa comene pa umo nkhondo iyi yikendera cikaŵa kuŵapo kwa ŵalongozgi ŵa nkhondo [[Camilo Cienfuegos]] na [[Ernesto Che Guevara]], mu nyengo yaumaliro ya nkhondo iyi. <ref name=“EcuRed”/> Kufuma waka apo Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose yikambira, ŵanthu ŵakujiyuyura ŵa mu tawuni iyi ŵalongora kuti mbakunozgeka kuvikilira tawuni iyi ku ŵasilikari. Ŵakaŵapo pakurwa nkhondo na vigeŵenga, mu [[Playa Girón, Cuba|Playa Girón]] na pakuparanya ŵanthu awo ŵakachitanga vivulupi. Ŵanthu ŵa mu chigaŵa ichi ŵakovwira ŵanthu ŵa mu vyaru vinyake pa nkhondo. <ref name=“EcuRed”/> ==Chikhalidwe== Msumba uwu uli na ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakukhala mu malo agha, nga ni Raúl Planas, Omar González, Juan Manuel García, kweniso Leoncio Yanes na Ruperto Delgado Limendux. Wovwirani kuti muzi uwu uŵe na gulu la vyakusanguluska, makhoti gha ŵanthu ŵakutemwa kuvina, malo ghakusungirako vinthu vyakale, na vinyake. <ref name=“EcuRed”/> Chikondwelero chakukhora chomene mu chigaŵa chose ichi ni parranda, chiphikiro icho chikuchitika mu chigaŵa cha pakati pa Cuba, icho chikababikira ku Remedios, ndipo lero ni chiphikiro chakukondweska chomene ku ŵanthu wose ŵa mu chigaŵa ichi, uko kuli sumu, kuvina, vyakusanguluska vya pulasitiki na vyakuponya moto. <ref name=“EcuRed”/> ==Ukaboni== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Aguada de Moya]] sf2usmas6p6j3fja4dj52pys36vfy4a 0 29162 123333 122489 2026-10-29T19:21:57Z InternetArchiveBot 6449 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 123333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}{{Infobox Hospital||Name=Chipatala cha Mercy James Institute Chakuchitila Opaleshoni na Kupwelelela Ŵana|Org/Group=[[Raising Malawi]]|Image=|Caption=<!-- optional -->|Logo=<!-- optional -->|Location=[[Blantyre]], [[Malawi]]|Coordinates=|Region=|State=|Country=[[Malawi]]|HealthCare=Public, [[Non-profit]]|Type=Paediatric|Specialty=[[Paediatrics]], [[Surgery]], [[Intensive Care]]|Standards=|Emergency=I|Affiliation=[[University of Malawi]]|Beds=50+|Founded={{Start date and age|df=yes|2017|07|11}}|Closed=<!-- optional -->|Website=|Wiki-Links=Hospitals in Malawi}}'''Chipatala cha Mercy James Institute Chakuchitila Opaleshoni na Kupwelelela Ŵana''', panji kuti, '''Mercy''' '''James Centre for Pediatric Surgery and Intensive Care (MJC)''', Mercy James Centre, panji Mercy James Hospital, ni chipatala cha ŵana ku [[Malawi]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Phiri |first=Frank |date=11 July 2017 |title=Malawi hails Madonna's 'motherly spirit' at opening of new hospital |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-madonna/malawi-hails-madonnas-motherly-spirit-at-opening-of-new-hospital-idUSKBN19W1XX |accessdate=17 September 2017 |agency=Reuters}}</ref> == Malo == Sukulu iyi yili mu msumba wa [[Blantyre]], uwo ni msumba ukuru comene waciŵiri mu Malawi. Chipatala ichi chili pa malo gha "Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital", chipatala chikuru chomene ku [[Blantyre]]. Kweniso kuli pafupi na Yunivesite ya Malawi College of Medicine, iyo yikugwiliskira nchito chipatala cha Queen Elizabeth Central, ico chili na mabedi 1,000.<ref>{{cite web |author=Ameca UK |date=17 September 2017 |title=Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi |url=http://ameca.org.uk/directory/listing/queen-elizabeth-hospital-malawi |publisher=Ameca.org.uk (Ameca UK) |location=London |accessdate=17 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528220252/https://ameca.org.uk/directory/listing/queen-elizabeth-hospital-malawi |archive-date=28 May 2022}}</ref> == Mwapatali == Malo agha ghakaŵako cifukwa ca wupu wa Raising Malawi, wupu wa mawupu ghambura vya boma, uwo Madonna wakambiska, pamoza na unduna wa vyaumoyo wa Malawi, kuti upelekenge wovwiri wakulwaralwara ku ŵana na kusazgirako unandi wa maopareshoni gha ŵana agho ghakucitika pa chipatala cha Queen Elizabeth Central. Mercy James Centre ni chipatala cha mazuŵa ghano icho chili na vinthu vyakukhumbikwa pa chipatala cha Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital mu msumba wa Blantyre, Malawi.<ref name="About">{{cite web |date=November 2014 |title=Mercy James Institute of Pediatric Surgery and Intensive Care |url=http://www.raisingmalawi.org/health/ |publisher=Raising Malawi Organisation (RMO) |accessdate=17 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912194714/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/health/ |archive-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> Pambere MJC yindambe, chipatala cha Queen Elizabeth Central chikasanganga vipatala vyambura kukwana 10. Mu caru cose ici mukaŵa ŵanthu 17 miliyoni, ndipo 15 peresenti ya ŵanthu aŵa ŵakaŵa ŵacoko kuluska vilimika 15. Wupu uphya uwu ukuzgora mafumbo agha. Malo agha ghakusambizgirako ŵadokotala ŵa ŵana ŵa ku Malawi.<ref name="About" /> == Mbili == Mu Novembala 2014, boma likapharazga vya kuzenga sukulu iyi. Ntchito ya kuzenga yikamba mu 2015 ndipo chipatala ichi chikajulika pa Julayi 11, 2017..<ref>{{cite web |last=Kimble |first=Lindsay |date=11 July 2017 |title=Madonna Celebrates Opening of Malawi Pediatric Surgery Center with Her Children: 'Never Give Up on Your Dreams' |url=http://people.com/babies/madonna-mercy-james-institute-opening-with-children/ |work=[[People (magazine)|People]] |accessdate=17 September 2017}}</ref> == Wonaniso == * [[:en:Education_in_Malawi|Education in Malawi]] * [[:en:Eric_Borgstein|Eric Borgstein]] * [[:en:Healthcare_in_Malawi|Healthcare in Malawi]] == Ukaboni == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> == Vigaŵa vya kuwaro == * [http://www.raisingmalawi.org/ Website of Raising Malawi] * [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/madonnas-song-of-hope-for-malawis-children/ Madonna's song of hope for Malawi's children] {{Authority control}} {{coord|15|48|07|S|35|01|08|E|display=title}} 7cmjulx96lpezl4xjmfac9x7nv92ej5 10 29568 123345 123329 2026-10-30T11:14:18Z CommonsDelinker 72 Replacing Wappenflagge_Herzogtum_Württemberg.svg with [[File:Wappenbanner_Württemberg.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · "Wappenbanner" is the correct 123345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Kingdom of Württemberg | shortname alias = Württemberg | flag alias = Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg | flag alias-county = Wappenbanner Württemberg.svg | flag alias-1803 = Flag of Württemberg before 1809.svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = county | var2 = 1803 | cat = Wurttemberg </noinclude> }} tmca68sdq9e2yu4raoekc4jaz63k2os 0 35996 123338 123291 2026-10-29T20:12:06Z InternetArchiveBot 6449 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 123338 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kasandiro''' (''science'') ni sambiro lakukhazikika ilo likuzenga na kunozga umanyi mu nthowa ya vyakulongosora vyakuyezgeka vya kawiro (''nature'') na ŵanthu (''society'').<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=E. O. |url=https://archive.org/details/consilienceunity00wils_135 |title=Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge |publisher=Vintage |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-679-76867-8 |edition=Reprint |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/consilienceunity00wils_135/page/n55 49]–71 |chapter=The natural sciences |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{rp|pp=49–71}}<ref name="Heilbron2003">{{cite book |last=Heilbron |first=J. L. |author-link=J. L. Heilbron |title=The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-19-511229-0 |location=New York |pages=vii–x |chapter=Preface |quote=...modern science is a discovery as well as an invention. It was a discovery that nature generally acts regularly enough to be described by laws and even by mathematics; and required invention to devise the techniques, abstractions, apparatus, and organization for exhibiting the regularities and securing their law-like descriptions. |display-authors=etal}}</ref> Kasandiro kakulongozgeka na ''nthowa ya kasandiro'' (''scientific method''): cizungulizo cha ukaboni (''empirical cycle'') uwo kanandi ukusazgapo kuwona vinthu, kupanga ''hypotheses'', kuviyezga na ukaboni, na kufika pa vyakumalizira. Kasandiro kakukhwaska nthowa iyi na thupi la umanyi ilo kakupanga, ilo ŵasandi (''scientists'') ŵakuyezga, kukhozgera, na kunozga nyengo zose. Kanandi kasandiro ka sono kakugaŵika mu vigaŵa viŵiri vikuru:<ref name="Cohen2021">{{cite book |last=Cohen |first=Eliel |url=https://www.routledge.com/The-University-and-its-Boundaries-Thriving-or-Surviving-in-the-21st-Century/Cohen/p/book/9780367562984 |title=The University and its Boundaries: Thriving or Surviving in the 21st Century |publisher=Routledge |year=2021 |isbn=978-0-367-56298-4 |location=New York |pages=14–41 |chapter=The boundary lens: theorising academic activity |access-date=4 May 2021 |archive-date=5 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505045450/https://www.routledge.com/The-University-and-its-Boundaries-Thriving-or-Surviving-in-the-21st-Century/Cohen/p/book/9780367562984 |url-status=live}}</ref> tusandiro twa kawiro (''natural sciences''), utwu tukusanda caro ca vinthu vyakuwoneka, na tusandiro twa ŵanthu (''social sciences''), utwu tukusanda ŵanthu paŵekha na magulu gha ŵanthu (''individuals'' na ''societies'').<ref name="Colander2019">{{cite book |last1=Colander |first1=David C. |title=Social Science: An Introduction to the Study of Society |last2=Hunt |first2=Elgin F. |year=2019 |publisher=Routledge |edition=17th |location=New York |pages=1–22 |chapter=Social science and its methods}}</ref><ref name="Nisbet2020">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Social Science |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/social-science |access-date=9 May 2021 |date=16 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202193947/https://www.britannica.com/topic/social-science |archive-date=2 February 2022 |last2=Greenfeld |first2=Liah |last1=Nisbet |first1=Robert A. |url-status=live}}</ref> Nangauli masamu, ''logic'', na ''theoretical computer science'' vikucemeka tusandiro twa dango (''formal sciences''), kanandi vikuwonekera kuti ni vyakupatuka cifukwa vikuthemba pa kughanaghana kwakufumira pa vyakukwana (''deductive reasoning'') m'malo mwa nthowa ya kasandiro nga ni nthowa yawo yikuru.<ref name="Kluwer">{{cite book |last1=Bishop |first1=Alan |title=Mathematical Enculturation: A Cultural Perspective on Mathematics Education |publisher=Kluwer |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-7923-1270-3 |location=Norwell, MA |pages=20–59 |chapter=Environmental activities and mathematical culture |access-date=24 March 2018 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9AgrBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA54}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bunge |first1=Mario |title=Philosophy of Science: Volume 1, From Problem to Theory |publisher=Routledge |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-7658-0413-6 |edition=revised |volume=1 |location=New York |pages=3–50 |chapter=The Scientific Approach}}</ref><ref name="Fetzer2013">{{cite book |last1=Fetzer |first1=James H. |title=Computers and Cognition: Why Minds are not Machines |publisher=Kluwer |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-4438-1946-6 |location=Newcastle, United Kingdom |pages=271–308 |chapter=Computer reliability and public policy: Limits of knowledge of computer-based systems}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Nickles |first1=Thomas |title=Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |year=2013 |page=104 |chapter=The Problem of Demarcation}}</ref> Pa nyengo yeneyiyi, tusandiro twakugwiriskira ntchito (''applied sciences'') ni vigaŵa ivyo vikugwiriskira ntchito umanyi wa kasandiro pa vyakukhumbikwa vya zuŵa na zuŵa, nga ni uinjiniya (''engineering'') na munkhwala (''medicine'').<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fischer |first1=M. R. |last2=Fabry |first2=G |year=2014 |title=Thinking and acting scientifically: Indispensable basis of medical education |journal=GMS Zeitschrift für Medizinische Ausbildung |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=Doc24 |doi=10.3205/zma000916 |pmc=4027809 |pmid=24872859}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sinclair |first=Marius |year=1993 |title=On the Differences between the Engineering and Scientific Methods |url=https://www.ijee.ie/contents/c090593.html |url-status=live |journal=The International Journal of Engineering Education |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220102/https://www.ijee.ie/contents/c090593.html |archive-date=15 November 2017 |access-date=7 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="Bunge1966">{{Cite book |last=Bunge |first=M. |title=Contributions to a Philosophy of Technology |publisher=Springer |year=1966 |isbn=978-94-010-2184-5 |editor-last=Rapp |editor-first=F. |location=Dordrecht |pages=19–39 |chapter=Technology as Applied Science |doi=10.1007/978-94-010-2182-1_2 |s2cid=110332727}}</ref> Mbiri ya kasandiro yikukwata nyengo yitali ya mbiri ya ŵanthu, ndipo ŵakwamba kumanyikwa kuti ŵakaŵako pambere kasandiro ka sono kandazengeke ŵakaŵako mu Nyengo ya Mkuŵa (''Bronze Age'') ku Egypt na Mesopotamia (c. 3000–1200 BCE). Ivyo ŵakapereka pa masamu, vya kuthambo (''astronomy''), na munkhwala vikanjira mu ukaghanaghani wa Ŵagiriki wa kawiro (''natural philosophy'') wa nyengo yakale (''classical antiquity'') na pamanyuma mu masambiro gha nyengo ya pakati (''medieval scholarship''), apo ŵakayezgayezga mwakukhazikika kupereka vyakulongosora vya ivyo vikucitika mu caro cakuwoneka kwizira mu vifukwa vya kawiro; kupita panthazi kwinaku, kusazgapo kwamba kwa nthowa ya manambala gha Ŵahindu na Ŵarabu (''Hindu–Arabic numeral system''), kukacitika mu Nyengo ya Golide ya India (''Golden Age of India'') na mu Nyengo ya Golide ya Ŵaislamu (''Islamic Golden Age'').<ref name="Lindberg2007">{{Cite book |last=Lindberg |first=David C. |title=The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-226-48205-7 |edition=2nd}}</ref>{{rp|p=12}}<ref name="Grant2007a">{{cite book |last=Grant |first=Edward |title=A History of Natural Philosophy: From the Ancient World to the Nineteenth Century |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-521-68957-1 |location=New York }}</ref>{{rp|pp=1–26}}<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rMAaBgAAQBAJ Building Bridges Among the BRICs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418081025/https://books.google.com/books?id=rMAaBgAAQBAJ |date=18 April 2023 }}, p. 125, Robert Crane, Springer, 2014</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Keay |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/indiahistory00keay/page/132 |title=India: A history |publisher=Atlantic Monthly Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-87113-800-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/indiahistory00keay/page/132 132] |quote=The great era of all that is deemed classical in Indian literature, art and science was now dawning. It was this crescendo of creativity and scholarship, as much as ... political achievements of the Guptas, which would make their age so golden. |author-link=John Keay}}</ref><ref name="Lindberg2007" />{{rp|pp=163–192}} Kubwezgera na kutora ntchito za Ŵagiriki na ivyo ŵaislamu ŵakasanda ku Ulaya wa Kumadazi (''Western Europe'') mu nyengo ya ''Renaissance'' kukawuskapo ukaghanaghani wa kawiro,<ref name="Lindberg2007" />{{rp|pp=193–224, 225–253}}<ref>Sease, Virginia; Schmidt-Brabant, Manfrid. Thinkers, Saints, Heretics: Spiritual Paths of the Middle Ages. 2007. [https://books.google.com/books?id=8Lkzp-StZGUC&dq=%22Everything+we+would+today+call+science+came+through+Islam%22&pg=PA80 Pages 80–81] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827070053/https://books.google.com/books?id=8Lkzp-StZGUC&dq=%22Everything%20we%20would%20today%20call%20science%20came%20through%20Islam%22&pg=PA80 |date=27 August 2024 }}. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</ref> uwo pamanyuma ukasinthika na Kusintha kwa Kasandiro (''Scientific Revolution'') kuko kukayamba mu zana la myaka la 16<ref>{{cite book |last=Principe |first=Lawrence M. |title=Scientific Revolution: A Very Short Introduction |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19-956741-6 |location=New York |pages=1–3 |chapter=Introduction}}</ref> apo maghanoghano na vyakusanga vyapya vikapatuka na vyakughanaghana na mitheto ya Ŵagiriki.<ref name="Lindberg2007" />{{rp|pp=357–368}}<ref name="Grant2007a" />{{rp|pp=274–322}} Nthowa ya kasandiro yikamba kugwira ntchito yikuru mu kusanga umanyi, ndipo mu zana la myaka la 19, vinandi vya vyakukhazikika vya mabungwe na ntchito vya kasandiro vikamba kuwonekera,<ref>{{cite book |title=From Natural Philosophy to the Sciences: Writing the History of Nineteenth-Century Science |year=2003 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-08928-7 |editor1-last=Cahan |editor1-first=David}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lightman |first1=Bernard |title=Wrestling with Nature: From Omens to Science |year=2011 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-31783-0 |editor1-last=Shank |editor1-first=Michael |page=367 |chapter=13. Science and the Public |editor2-last=Numbers |editor2-first=Ronald |editor3-last=Harrison |editor3-first=Peter}}</ref> ndipo "ukaghanaghani wa kawiro" (''natural philosophy'') ukasintha kuŵa "kasandiro ka kawiro" (''natural science'').<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harrison |first1=Peter |title=The Territories of Science and Religion |year=2015 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-18451-7 |pages=164–165 |quote=The changing character of those engaged in scientific endeavors was matched by a new nomenclature for their endeavors. The most conspicuous marker of this change was the replacement of "natural philosophy" by "natural science". In 1800 few had spoken of the "natural sciences" but by 1880 this expression had overtaken the traditional label "natural philosophy". The persistence of "natural philosophy" in the twentieth century is owing largely to historical references to a past practice (see figure 11). As should now be apparent, this was not simply the substitution of one term by another, but involved the jettisoning of a range of personal qualities relating to the conduct of philosophy and the living of the philosophical life. |author-link1=Peter Harrison (historian)}}</ref> Umanyi wapya mu kasandiro ukuluta panthazi cifukwa ca kafukufuku wa ŵasandi awo ŵakusuzgika na kukhumba kumanya caro na khumbo la kuthana masuzgo.<ref>{{cite book |last=MacRitchie |first=Finlay |url=https://www.routledge.com/Scientific-Research-as-a-Career/MacRitchie/p/book/9781439869659 |title=Scientific Research as a Career |publisher=Routledge |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4398-6965-9 |location=New York |pages=1–6 |chapter=Introduction |access-date=5 May 2021 |archive-date=5 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505074020/https://www.routledge.com/Scientific-Research-as-a-Career/MacRitchie/p/book/9781439869659 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Marder |first=Michael P. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/research-methods-for-science/1C04E5D747781B68C52A79EE86BF584B |title=Research Methods for Science |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-521-14584-8 |location=New York |pages=1–17 |chapter=Curiosity and research |access-date=5 May 2021 |archive-date=5 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505001547/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/research-methods-for-science/1C04E5D747781B68C52A79EE86BF584B |url-status=live}}</ref> Kafukufuku wa kasandiro wa sono kanandi wakukolerana comene ndipo kanandi wakucitika na magulu mu mabungwe gha masambiro na kafukufuku (''research institutions''),<ref>{{cite book |last=de Ridder |first=Jeroen |url=https://www.routledge.com/What-is-Scientific-Knowledge-An-Introduction-to-Contemporary-Epistemology/McCain-Kampourakis/p/book/9781138570153 |title=What is Scientific Knowledge? An Introduction to Contemporary Epistemology of Science |publisher=Routledge |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-138-57016-0 |editor-last1=McCain |editor-first1=Kevin |location=New York |pages=3–17 |chapter=How many scientists does it take to have knowledge? |access-date=5 May 2021 |editor-last2=Kampourakis |editor-first2=Kostas |archive-date=5 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505044353/https://www.routledge.com/What-is-Scientific-Knowledge-An-Introduction-to-Contemporary-Epistemology/McCain-Kampourakis/p/book/9781138570153 |url-status=live}}</ref> mabungwe gha boma,<ref name="Lindberg2007" />{{rp|pp=163–192}} na ma kampani.<ref>{{cite book |last=Szycher |first=Michael |url=https://www.routledge.com/Commercialization-Secrets-for-Scientists-and-Engineers/Szycher/p/book/9781498730600 |title=Commercialization Secrets for Scientists and Engineers |publisher=Routledge |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-138-40741-1 |location=New York |pages=159–176 |chapter=Establishing your dream team |access-date=5 May 2021 |archive-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818032914/https://www.routledge.com/Commercialization-Secrets-for-Scientists-and-Engineers/Szycher/p/book/9781498730600 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pa nyengo yeneyiyo, vinthu vinandi vikuru ivyo vyacitika—comene mu kasandiro ka muzu (''fundamental science'')—vyafuma kwa ŵasandi paŵekha ndipo vikumanyikwa comene kwizira mu mphoto zikuru za pa caro cose nga ni Mphoto ya Nobel (''Nobel Prize''). Ivyo vikucitika cifukwa ca ntchito ya kasandiro vyapangiska kuti paŵe ndondomeko za kasandiro (''science policies'') izo zikukhumba kuŵika pakwamba kupanga vinthu vya malonda mwakwenelera, kusunga umoyo wa ŵanthu, kuzenga vinthu vya boma, kuvikilira kawiro, na kujivikilira. == Kufuma kwa lizgu == Lizgu ''science'' lagwiriskika ntchito mu Cingelezi kufuma mu zana la myaka la 14 (Cingelezi ca Pakati) mu ng'anamuro la "mkhaliro wa kumanya". Lizgu ili likabwereka kufuma ku Anglo-Norman nga ni suffix ''-cience'', iyo yikabwereka kufuma ku lizgu la Cilatini ''scientia'', ilo likung'anamura "umanyi, kumanya, kupulikiska", dazina lakufuma ku ''sciens'' ilo likung'anamura "kumanya", ilo mwene lizgu ilo likugwira ntchito sono la ''sciō'' "kumanya".<ref>{{cite dictionary |title=Science |encyclopedia=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/science |access-date=16 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901035713/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/science |archive-date=1 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pali vigomezgo vinandi vyakuti lizgu ''science'' likafuma kwakwamba. Kuyana na Michiel de Vaan, msambiri wa viyowoyero wa ku Netherlands, ''sciō'' yingaŵa kuti yikafuma mu chiyowoyero cha Proto-Italic nga ni ''*skije-'' panji ''*skijo-'' icho chikung'anamura "kumanya", icho chingaŵa kuti chikafuma ku Proto-Indo-European nga ni ''skh₁-ie'', ''skh₁-io'' icho chikung'anamura "kucheka". Buku la ''Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben'' likuyowoya kuti ''sciō'' ni lizgu lakupangika kufuma ku ''nescīre'', ilo likung'anamura "kuleka kumanya, kuŵa wambula kumanyikwa na", ilo lingafuma ku Proto-Indo-European ''sekH-'' mu Cilatini ''secāre'', panji ''skh₂-'' kufuma ku ''sḱʰeh2(i)-'' ilo likung'anamura "kucheka".<ref>{{Cite dictionary |year=2008 |title=sciō |dictionary=Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages |url=https://archive.org/details/m-de-vaan-2008-etymological-dictionary-of-latin-and-the-other-italic-languages/page/544/ |last=Vaan |first=Michiel de |author-link=Michiel de Vaan |series=[[Indo-European Etymological Dictionary]] |page=545 |isbn=978-90-04-16797-1}}</ref> Kale, kasandiro kakaŵa lizgu lakuyana waka na "umanyi" panji "kusambira", mwakukolerana na chiyambi chake cha Cilatini. Munthu uyo wakacitanga kafukufuku wa kasandiro wakacemekanga "msambiri wa kawiro" (''natural philosopher'') panji "munthu wa kasandiro".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cahan |first=David |title=From natural philosophy to the sciences: writing the history of nineteenth-century science |year=2003 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-08927-4 |pages=3–15}}</ref> Mu 1834, William Whewell wakayambiska lizgu ''scientist'' (msandi) apo wakawoneseskanga buku la Mary Somerville ''On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences'',<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ross |first=Sydney |year=1962 |title=Scientist: The story of a word |journal=[[Annals of Science]] |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=65–85 |doi=10.1080/00033796200202722 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ndipo wakayowoya kuti lizgu ili likalembeka na "munthu munyake wavinjeru" (panji iyo mwekha).<ref>{{cite OED|scientist}}</ref> == Mbiri == === Mbiri ya kwamba<span class="anchor" id="Earliest roots"></span> === [[File:Megaliths Aswan Nubia museum.JPG|left|thumb|Mabwe ghakuru ghakufuma ku Nabta Playa, ghakapangika na ŵanthu ŵa mu nyengo ya Neolithic kuti ŵalongozge vyakuwonera vya mu mlengalenga. Ghali ku Aswan, ku Egypt wa Kumpoto.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ehret |first1=Christopher |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5KjEAAAQBAJ |title=Ancient Africa: A Global History, to 300 CE |date=20 June 2023 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-24409-9 |page=107 |language=en}}</ref>]] [[File:Plimpton 322.jpg|thumb|Chiphapha cha dongo cha Plimpton 322 icho Ŵababuloni ŵakalemba chikulembapo ''Pythagorean triples'', chakulembeka c. 1800 BCE|alt=Chiphapha cha dongo chinalembeka, mizati yitatu ya manambala na umoza wa manambala gha mu nyengo]] Kasandiro kalije na chiyambi chimoza chekha. M'malo mwake, kughanaghana kwa kasandiro kukawoneka pang'ono-pang'ono mu myaka yakukwana vikwi vinandi,<ref>{{Citation |last=Carruthers |first=Peter |chapter=The roots of scientific reasoning: infancy, modularity and the art of tracking |date=2 May 2002 |title=The Cognitive Basis of Science |pages=73–96 |editor-last=Carruthers |editor-first=Peter |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511613517.005 |isbn=978-0-521-81229-0 |editor2-last=Stich |editor2-first=Stephen |editor3-last=Siegal |editor3-first=Michael}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lombard |first1=Marlize |last2=Gärdenfors |first2=Peter |year=2017 |title=Tracking the Evolution of Causal Cognition in Humans |journal=Journal of Anthropological Sciences |volume=95 |issue=95 |pages=219–234 |doi=10.4436/JASS.95006 |pmid=28489015 |issn=1827-4765}}</ref> kukaŵa na mitundu yakupambanapambana pa caro cose, ndipo ni vichoko waka ivyo vikumanyikwa pa ivyo vikacitika pakwamba comene. Ŵanakazi ŵakwenera kuti ŵakawovwiranga comene pa kasandiro ka nyengo ya pambere kulemba,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Graeber |first1=David |last2=Wengrow |first2=David |author-link1=David Graeber |author-link2=David Wengrow |year=2021 |title=The Dawn of Everything |title-link=The Dawn of Everything |page=248}}</ref> nga umo vikaŵira na mitheto ya cisopo.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Faerie Smith Meets the Bronze Industry: Magic Versus Science in the Interpretation of Prehistoric Metal-Making |jstor=124782 |last1=Budd |first1=Paul |last2=Taylor |first2=Timothy |journal=World Archaeology |year=1995 |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=133–143 |doi=10.1080/00438243.1995.9980297 |bibcode=1995WoArc..27..133B }}</ref> Ŵasambiri ŵanyake ŵakugwiriskira ntchito lizgu "''protoscience''" kulemba milimo yakale iyo yikuyana na kasandiro ka sono mu vinyake kweni vyose yayi;<ref>{{cite book |last=Tuomela |first=Raimo |year=1987 |chapter=Science, Protoscience, and Pseudoscience |editor-last1=Pitt |editor-first1=J. C. |editor-last2=Pera |editor-first2=M. |title=Rational Changes in Science |series=Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science |volume=98 |pages=83–101 |publisher=Springer |location=Dordrecht |doi=10.1007/978-94-009-3779-6_4 |isbn=978-94-010-8181-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1086/599864 |first=Pamela H. |last=Smith |title=Science on the Move: Recent Trends in the History of Early Modern Science |journal=Renaissance Quarterly |volume=62 |number=2 |year=2009 |pages=345–375 |pmid=19750597 |s2cid=43643053}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fleck |first=Robert |date=March 2021 |title=Fundamental Themes in Physics from the History of Art |journal=Physics in Perspective |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=25–48 |doi=10.1007/s00016-020-00269-7 |bibcode=2021PhP....23...25F |s2cid=253597172 |issn=1422-6944 |doi-access=free}}</ref> kweni lizgu ili lasuskikaso kuti likuyuyura,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Scott |first=Colin |encyclopedia=The Postcolonial Science and Technology Studies Reader |title=Science for the West, Myth for the Rest? |chapter=The Case of James Bay Cree Knowledge Construction |publisher=Duke University Press |location=Durham, NC |editor-last=Harding |editor-first=Sandra |isbn=978-0-8223-4936-5 |year=2011 |pages=175–197 |doi=10.2307/j.ctv11g96cc.16 |jstor=j.ctv11g96cc.16}}</ref> panji kuti likulongora comene ''presentism'', kughanaghana vya milimo yila pakukhwaskana na vigaŵa vya sono pera.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1177/007327531205000203 |first=Peter |last=Dear |title=Historiography of Not-So-Recent Science |journal=History of Science |volume=50 |number=2 |year=2012 |pages=197–211 |s2cid=141599452}}</ref> Ukaboni wakuwonekera wa nthowa za kasandiro ukuŵa wakukhazikika na kufika kwa nthowa zakulembera (''writing systems'') mu vikolo vya Nyengo ya Mkuŵa ku Egypt wakale na Mesopotamia (c. 3000–1200 BCE), ico cikapangiska kuti paŵe mabuku ghakwamba ghakulembeka mu mbiri ya kasandiro.<ref name="Lindberg2007" />{{rp|pp=12–15}}<ref name="Grant2007a" /> Nangauli mazgu na maghanoghano gha "kasandiro" na "kawiro" ghakaŵa mbali ya maghanoghano yayi pa nyengo yila, Ŵaegypt ŵakale na Ŵamesopotamia ŵakapereka vyawanangwa ivyo pamanyuma vikasanga malo mu kasandiro ka Ŵagiriki na ka nyengo ya pakati: masamu, vya kuthambo, na munkhwala.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rochberg |first1=Francesca |author-link=Francesca Rochberg |editor1-last=Shank |editor1-first=Michael |editor2-last=Numbers |editor2-first=Ronald |editor3-last=Harrison |editor3-first=Peter |title=Wrestling with Nature: From Omens to Science |year=2011 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-31783-0 |page=9 |chapter=Ch.1 Natural Knowledge in Ancient Mesopotamia}}</ref><ref name="Lindberg2007" />{{rp|p=12}} Kufuma mu vikwi viwiri BCE, Ŵaegypt ŵakale ŵakapanga nthowa ya kuŵerenga manambala ya khumi yambula malo (''non-positional decimal numbering system''),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krebs |first=Robert E. |title=Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-313-32433-8 |page=127}}</ref> ŵakamazga masuzgo gha zuŵa na zuŵa mwakugwiriskira ntchito ''geometry'',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Erlich |first1=Ḥaggai |author-link=Haggai Erlich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LcsJosc239YC&q=egyptian%20geometry%20Nile&pg=PA80 |title=The Nile: Histories, Cultures, Myths |last2=Gershoni |first2=Israel |year=2000 |publisher=Lynne Rienner |isbn=978-1-55587-672-2 |pages=80–81 |quote=The Nile occupied an important position in Egyptian culture; it influenced the development of mathematics, geography, and the calendar; Egyptian geometry advanced due to the practice of land measurement "because the overflow of the Nile caused the boundary of each person's land to disappear." |access-date=9 January 2020}}</ref> ndipo ŵakapanga kalendara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Telling Time in Ancient Egypt |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/tell/hd_tell.htm |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History |date=February 2017 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303133140/https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/tell/hd_tell.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> Nthowa zawo zakuchizgira zikaŵa zakukhwaskana na munkhwala wakuzweteska na vinthu vya kutali na kuwoneka, nga ni mapemphero, malurombo, na mitheto.<ref name="Lindberg2007" />{{rp|p=9}} Ŵanubia ŵakale ŵakambiska munkhwala wakukoma tuvilombo (''antibiotics'') ndipo ŵakakhazikiska ndondomeko ya malango gha ''geometry'' agho ghakaŵa muzu wa mawotchi ghakwamba gha zuŵa (''sundials''). Ŵanubia nawo ŵakagwiriskiranga ntchito nthowa ya ''trigonometry'' yakuyana waka na ya Ŵaegypt.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Armelagos, George |date=2000 |title=Take Two Beers and Call Me in 1,600 Years: Use of Tetracycline by Nubians and Ancient Egyptians |url=https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/items/482bd90a-de71-49b3-9bbc-d8ff0ab974b3 |journal=Natural History |volume=109 |issue=5 |pages=50–3 |s2cid=89542474}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Gnomons at Meroë and Early Trigonometry|first=Leo|last=Depuydt|date=1 January 1998|journal=The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology|volume=84|pages=171–180|doi=10.2307/3822211|jstor=3822211}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.archaeology.org/online/news/nubia.html|title=Neolithic Skywatchers|date=27 May 1998|first=Andrew|last=Slayman|website=Archaeology Magazine Archive|access-date=17 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605234044/http://www.archaeology.org/online/news/nubia.html|archive-date=5 June 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vO5FCVIxz2YC&q=nubia&pg=PA744|title=A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy|last=Neugebauer|first=O.|date=2004-09-17|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-06995-9|language=en}}</ref> Ŵamesopotamia ŵakale ŵakagwiriskira ntchito umanyi wa vikaŵa vya vinthu vya kawiro kuti ŵapange viŵiya vya dongo, ''faience'', galasi, sopo, vyuma, ''lime plaster'', na vyakuvikilira maji.<ref name="McIntosh2005">{{cite book |last1=McIntosh |first1=Jane R. |author-link=Jane McIntosh |title=Ancient Mesopotamia: New Perspectives |year=2005 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, CA |isbn=978-1-57607-966-9 |pages=273–276 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9veK7E2JwkUC&q=science+in+ancient+Mesopotamia |access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref> Ŵakasanda umoyo wa vinyama, thupi lawo, nkharo yawo, na nyenyezi (''astrology'') kuti ŵalote.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Scientific Astronomy in Antiquity |last=Aaboe |first=Asger |author-link=Asger Aaboe |journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society]] |volume=276 |issue=1257 |date=2 May 1974 |pages=21–42 |doi=10.1098/rsta.1974.0007 |bibcode=1974RSPTA.276...21A |jstor=74272 |s2cid=122508567}}</ref> Ŵamesopotamia ŵakatemwanga comene munkhwala, ndipo malembo ghakwamba gha munkhwala ghakawoneka mu Cisumeri (''Sumerian'') mu nyengo ya ''Third Dynasty of Ur''.<ref name="McIntosh2005" /><ref>{{cite journal |title=Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health in Ancient Mesopotamia |first=R. D. |last=Biggs |journal=Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies |volume=19 |number=1 |year=2005 |pages=7–18}}</ref> Vikuwoneka kuti ŵakasanda vyakukhwaskana na kasandiro ivyo vikaŵa na ntchito panji vya cisopo, ndipo ŵakaŵa na kukhumba kuchoko kwa kukhorweska khumbo la kumanya vinandi.<ref name="McIntosh2005" /> === Nyengo yakale ya Ŵagiriki na Ŵaroma === [[File:MANNapoli 124545 plato's academy mosaic.jpg|thumb|Chithunzi cha ''mosaic'' cha Plato's Academy, chakupangika pakati pa 100 BCE na 79 CE, chikulongora ŵakaghanaghani na ŵasambiri ŵanandi ŵa Ŵagiriki.|alt=Chithunzi cha ''mosaic'' chakuzingilizgika na chimiti, cha ŵakaghanaghani ŵakugumana na kukambirana]] Mu nyengo yakale (''classical antiquity''), kukaŵavya munthu uyo wakayana na msandi wa sono. M'malo mwake, ŵanthu ŵakasambira makora, kanandi ŵapachanya, na pafupifupi ŵanalume wose, ŵakacitanga kafukufuku wakupambanapambana wakukhwaskana na kawiro nyengo yiliyose para ŵangakwaniska.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lehoux |first1=Daryn |editor1-last=Shank |editor1-first=Michael |editor2-last=Numbers |editor2-first=Ronald |editor3-last=Harrison |editor3-first=Peter |title=Wrestling with Nature: From Omens to Science |year=2011 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-31783-0 |page=39 |chapter=2. Natural Knowledge in the Classical World}}</ref> Pambere ukaghanaghani wa ''phusis'' panji kawiro uyo yindapangike panji kusangika na ŵakaghanaghani ŵa pambere Socrates (''pre-Socratic philosophers''), mazgu ghamoza agha ghakatemwa kugwiriskika ntchito kulongosora "nthowa" ya kawiro iyo mbuto yikukulira,<ref>An account of the pre-Socratic use of the concept of φύσις may be found in {{cite book |last=Naddaf |first=Gerard |year=2006 |title=The Greek Concept of Nature |publisher=SUNY Press |postscript=,}} and in {{cite journal |last1=Ducarme |first1=Frédéric |last2=Couvet |first2=Denis |year=2020 |title=What does 'nature' mean? |journal=[[Palgrave Communications]] |volume=6 |issue=14 |article-number=14 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |doi=10.1057/s41599-020-0390-y |doi-access=free |url=https://hal.science/hal-02554932/file/s41599-020-0390-y.pdf |access-date=16 August 2023 |archive-date=16 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816053756/https://hal.science/hal-02554932/file/s41599-020-0390-y.pdf |url-status=live}} The word φύσις, while first used in connection with a plant in Homer, occurs early in Greek philosophy, and in several senses. Generally, these senses match rather well the current senses in which the English word ''nature'' is used, as confirmed by {{cite book |last=Guthrie |first=W. K. C. |title=Presocratic Tradition from Parmenides to Democritus |postscript=none}} (volume 2 of his ''History of Greek Philosophy''), Cambridge University Press, 1965.</ref> na "nthowa" iyo, mwachiyelezgero, fuko linyake likusopa ciuta munyake. Pa chifukwa ichi, ŵakuti ŵanalume aŵa ndiwo ŵakaŵa ŵakaghanaghani ŵakwamba mu ng'anamuro lakukhora ndipo ŵakaŵa ŵakwamba kupambaniska makora "kawiro" na "mwambo".<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Strauss |first1=Leo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cpx2j0TumyIC |title=An Introduction to Political Philosophy: Ten Essays by Leo Strauss |last2=Gildin |first2=Hilail |publisher=[[Wayne State University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8143-1902-4 |chapter=Progress or Return? The Contemporary Crisis in Western Education |year=1989 |access-date=30 May 2022 |page=209}}</ref> Ŵakaghanaghani ŵakwambilira ŵa Ŵagiriki ŵa sukulu ya Miletus, iyo yikakhazikiska Thales wa ku Miletus ndipo pamanyuma yikalutilira na awo ŵakamulondezga Anaximander na Anaximenes, ndiwo ŵakaŵa ŵakwamba kuyezga kulongosora vinthu vya kawiro kwambura kuthemba pa vinthu vyambura kumanyikwa.<ref>{{cite book |last1=O'Grady |first1=Patricia F. |author-link=Patricia O'Grady |title=Thales of Miletus: The Beginnings of Western Science and Philosophy |year=2016 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7546-0533-1 |page=245 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZTUlDwAAQBAJ&q=Thales+of+Miletus+first+scientist&pg=PA245 |access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref> Ŵapythagoras (''Pythagoreans'') ŵakapanga ukaghanaghani wa manambala ghakusuzga<ref name="Burkert1972">{{cite book |last=Burkert |first=Walter |author-link=Walter Burkert |date=1 June 1972 |title=Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0qqp4Vk1zG0C&q=Pythagoreanism |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-53918-1}}</ref>{{rp|467–468}} ndipo ŵakawovwira comene pa kukura kwa kasandiro ka masamu.<ref name="Burkert1972" />{{rp|465}} Ukaghanaghani wa ''atoms'' ukapangika na msambiri wa Chigiriki Leucippus na ndiyo wake Democritus.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pullman |first1=Bernard |title=The Atom in the History of Human Thought |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-19-515040-7 |pages=31–33 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IQs5hur-BpgC&q=Leucippus+Democritus+atom&pg=PA56 |bibcode=1998ahht.book.....P |access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Cohen |editor1-first=Henri |editor2-last=Lefebvre |editor2-first=Claire |title=Handbook of Categorization in Cognitive Science |year=2017 |publisher=Elsevier |location=Amsterdam |isbn=978-0-08-101107-2 |page=427 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zIrCDQAAQBAJ&q=Leucippus+Democritus+atom&pg=PA427 |access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref> Pamanyuma, Epicurus wakapanga ukaghanaghani wakukwana wa caro cose wakuthemba pa ''atomism'', ndipo wakazomera "canon" (muyezo) uwo wakakhazikiska vyakuwoneka panji vipimo vya unenesko wa kasandiro.<ref>[[Lucretius]] ({{floruit}}1st century&nbsp;BCE) {{lang|la|[[De rerum natura]]}}.</ref> Ng'anga ya Chigiriki Hippocrates wakakhazikiska mwambo wa kasandiro ka munkhwala kakukhazikika<ref>{{cite book |last=Margotta |first=Roberto |year=1968 |title=The Story of Medicine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vFZrAAAAMAAJ |location=New York |publisher=[[Golden Press]] |access-date=18 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Touwaide |first1=Alain |title=Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia |year=2005 |editor1-last=Glick |editor1-first=Thomas F. |editor2-last=Livesey |editor2-first=Steven |editor3-last=Wallis |editor3-first=Faith |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-0-415-96930-7 |page=224 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=77y2AgAAQBAJ&q=Hippocrates+medical+science&pg=PA224 |access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref> ndipo wakumanyikwa kuti "Adada wa Munkhwala" (''The Father of Medicine'').<ref>{{cite book |last1=Leff |first1=Samuel |last2=Leff |first2=Vera |year=1956 |title=From Witchcraft to World Health |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HjNrAAAAMAAJ |location=London |publisher=Macmillan |access-date=23 August 2020}}</ref> Chinthu chinyake icho chikasintha comene mbiri ya kasandiro ka ŵakaghanaghani ŵakwambilira chikaŵa chiyelezgero cha Socrates cha kugwiriskira ntchito ukaghanaghani pa kusambira vinthu vya ŵanthu, kusazgapo kawiro ka munthu, kawiro ka magulu gha boma, na umanyi wa ŵanthu wekha. Nthowa ya Socrates (''Socratic method'') nga umo yikulembekera mu mazgu gha Plato ni nthowa ya ''dialectic'' yakuwuskapo ''hypothesis'': ''hypotheses'' zawemi zikusangika mwakuzumbulira na kuwuskapo izo zikutigira ku kususkana. Nthowa ya Socrates yikupenja unenesko wakukolerana uwo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakugomezga, uwo ukupangiska vigomezgo, na kuviwoneseska kuti viŵe vyakuyana waka.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0170%3Atext%3DApol.%3Apage%3D17 |title=Plato, Apology |page=17 |access-date=1 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129145253/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0170%3Atext%3DApol.%3Apage%3D17 |archive-date=29 January 2018}}</ref> Socrates wakasuska mtundu wakale wa kusambira ''physics'' kuti ukaŵa wakughanaghana waka ndipo ukaŵavya kujisuska.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0170%3Atext%3DApol.%3Apage%3D27 |title=Plato, Apology |page=27 |access-date=1 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129145253/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0170%3Atext%3DApol.%3Apage%3D27 |archive-date=29 January 2018}}</ref> Mu zana la myaka la 4 BCE, Aristotle wakapanga ndondomeko yakukhazikika ya ukaghanaghani wa ''teleological''.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Aristotle |title=Nicomachean Ethics |edition=H. Rackham |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0054%3Abekker%20page%3D1139b |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317140402/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc= |archive-date=17 March 2012 |access-date=22 September 2010 |at=1139b}}</ref> Mu zana la myaka la 3 BCE, msandi wa vya kuthambo wa Chigiriki Aristarchus wa Samos wakaŵa wakwamba kupanga ukaghanaghani wakuti zuŵa lili pakati pa caro cose (''heliocentric model''), na mapulaneti ghose ghakuzunguliza ilo.<ref name="McClellan2015">{{cite book |last1=McClellan |first1=James E. III |last2=Dorn |first2=Harold |title=Science and Technology in World History: An Introduction |year=2015 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore |isbn=978-1-4214-1776-9 |pages=99–100 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ah1ECwAAQBAJ&q=Aristarchus+heliocentrism&pg=PA99 |access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref> Ukaghanaghani wa Aristarchus ukakanizgika comene cifukwa ŵakagomezganga kuti ukuswa malango gha ''physics'',<ref name="McClellan2015" /> apo buku la ''Almagest'' la Ptolemy, ilo lili na ndondomeko yakuti caro ni pakati (''geocentric'') ya Cigaŵa ca Zuŵa (''Solar System''), likazomerezgeka mpaka nyengo ya ''Renaissance'' yakwamba.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Graßhoff |first=Gerd |title=The History of Ptolemy's Star Catalogue |year=1990 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-4612-8788-9 |series=Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences |volume=14 |location=New York |doi=10.1007/978-1-4612-4468-4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hoffmann |first=Susanne M. |title=Hipparchs Himmelsglobus |year=2017 |publisher=Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden |isbn=978-3-658-18682-1 |location=Wiesbaden |language=de |doi=10.1007/978-3-658-18683-8 |bibcode=2017hihi.book.....H}}</ref> Mpanji na msambiri wa masamu Archimedes wa Syracuse wakawovwira comene pakwamba kwa ''calculus''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Edwards |first1=C. H. Jr. |title=The Historical Development of the Calculus |year=1979 |publisher=Springer |location=New York |isbn=978-0-387-94313-8 |page=75 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ilrlBwAAQBAJ&q=Archimedes+calculus&pg=PA75 |access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref> Pliny the Elder wakaŵa mulembi wa ku Roma na msambiri wa vinandi uyo wakalemba buku likuru lakuti ''Natural History''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lawson |first1=Russell M. |title=Science in the Ancient World: An Encyclopedia |year=2004 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, CA |isbn=978-1-85109-539-1 |pages=190–191 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AY1ALzh9V0C&q=Pliny+the+Elder+encyclopedia&pg=PA190 |access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Murphy |first1=Trevor Morgan |title=Pliny the Elder's Natural History: The Empire in the Encyclopedia |year=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-926288-5 |page=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6NC_T_tG9lQC&q=Pliny+the+Elder+encyclopedia |access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Doody |first1=Aude |title=Pliny's Encyclopedia: The Reception of the Natural History |year=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-48453-4 |page=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YoEhAwAAQBAJ&q=Pliny+the+Elder+encyclopedia |access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref> Nthowa ya kulemba manambala pa malo (''positional notation'') yikwenera kuti yikawoneka pakati pa zana la myaka la 3 na la 5 CE mu nthowa za malonda za ku India. Nthowa iyi ya manambala yikapangiska kuŵerenga kuŵa kwamsanga, ndipo pamanyuma yikaŵa nthowa yakumanyikwa comene ya masamu pa caro cose.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Conner |first=Clifford D. |title=A People's History of Science: Miners, Midwives, and "Low Mechanicks" |year=2005 |publisher=Nation Books |isbn=1-56025-748-2 |location=New York |pages=72–74}}</ref> === Nyengo ya Pakati === [[File:ViennaDioscoridesEndpaperPeacock.jpg|thumb|Peji lakwamba la ''Vienna Dioscurides'' likulongora ''peacock'', lakapangika mu zana la myaka la 6.|alt=Chithunzi cha ''peacock'' pa pepala lakale comene]] Cifukwa ca kugwa kwa Ufumu wa Roma wa Kumadazi (''Western Roman Empire''), zana la myaka la 5 likawona kuchepa kwa umanyi, ndipo umanyi wa Ŵagiriki wa caro ukawola ku Ulaya wa Kumadazi.<ref name="Lindberg2007" />{{rp|p=194}} Ŵalembi ŵa Cilatini ŵa nyengo iyo nga ni Isidore wa Seville ŵakasunga vinandi vya umanyi wakale.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grant |first1=Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YyvmEyX6rZgC |title=The Foundations of Modern Science in the Middle Ages: Their Religious, Institutional and Intellectual Contexts |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-521-56762-6 |series=Cambridge Studies in the History of Science |pages=7–17 |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref> Kweni, cifukwa Ufumu wa Byzantine ukakana kuukirika na ŵalwani, ŵakakwaniska kusunga na kunozga ivyo ŵakasambira kale.<ref name="Lindberg2007" />{{rp|p=159}} John Philoponus, msambiri wa Byzantine mu zana la myaka la 6, wakamba kukayika ivyo Aristotle wakasambizganga vya ''physics'', ndipo wakambiska ''theory of impetus''.<ref name="Lindberg2007" />{{rp|pp=307, 311, 363, 402}} Kususka kwake kukaŵa cipulikiro ku ŵasambiri ŵa nyengo ya pakati na ku Galileo Galilei, uyo wakalongora ntchito zake kwa nyengo yitali, vikwi vya myaka vimoza pamanyuma.<ref name="Lindberg2007" />{{rp|pp=307–308}}<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Philoponus |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/philoponus/ |encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |first=Christian |last=Wildberg |editor-first=Edward N. |editor-last=Zalta |date=1 May 2018 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822110331/https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/philoponus/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu nyengo ya kumanyuma kwa ukale (''late antiquity'') na mu Nyengo ya Pakati ya Kwamba (''Early Middle Ages''), vinthu vya kawiro vikasandika comene mu nthowa ya Aristotle. Nthowa iyi yikukhwaska vifukwa vinayi vya Aristotle (''four causes''): chakuthupi, chakumanyikwa, chakugwira ntchito, na chaumaliro.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Aristotle on Causality |last=Falcon |first=Andrea |editor-last=Zalta |year=2019 |editor-first=Edward |encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |edition=Spring 2019 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2019/entries/aristotle-causality/#FouCau |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-date=9 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009032459/https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2019/entries/aristotle-causality/#FouCau |url-status=live}}</ref> Malemba ghanandi gha Chigiriki ghakale ghakasungika na Ufumu wa Byzantine, ndipo Ŵakhristu, comene Ŵanestorian na Ŵamiaphysite, ŵakaghamasulira mu Cirabu. Pasi pa ŵa Abbasid, ghamasuliro agha ghakanozgeka na kukura na ŵasandi ŵa Ŵarabu.<ref name="Grant2007a"/>{{rp|pp=62–67}} Mu zana la myaka la 6 na la 7, Ufumu wa Sasanian uwo ukaŵa pafupi ukakhazikiska sukulu ya munkhwala ya Gondishapur (''Academy of Gondishapur''), iyo yikawonekanga na ŵang'anga ŵa Ŵagiriki, Ŵasiriya, na Ŵapersia kuti ni malo gha munkhwala ghakuzirwa comene mu caro cakale.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Cambridge history of Iran |date=1968–1991 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |last=Fisher |first=W. B. |isbn=978-0-521-20093-6}}</ref> Masambiro gha Ŵaislamu gha Aristotle (''Aristotelianism'') ghakakura mu Nyumba ya Nzeru (''House of Wisdom'') iyo yikakhazikika mu msumba ukuru wa ŵa Abbasid, Baghdad, ku Iraq<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bayt-al-Hikmah |title=Bayt al-Hikmah |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=3 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104043313/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bayt-al-Hikmah |archive-date=4 November 2016}}</ref> ndipo ghakakura comene<ref>{{Cite book |editor-last=Hossein Nasr |editor-first=Seyyed |title=History of Islamic Philosophy |title-link=History of Islamic Philosophy |editor-last2=Leaman |editor-first2=Oliver |publisher=Routledge |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-415-25934-7 |pages=165–167 |editor-link=Seyyed Hossein Nasr}}</ref> mpaka apo Ŵamongol ŵakawukira mu zana la myaka la 13. Ibn al-Haytham, uyo wakumanyikwa comene kuti Alhazen, wakagwiriskira ntchito vyakuyezgayezga vyakulongozgeka pa kafukufuku wake wa vyakuwona (''optics'').{{efn|name=doubtPtolemy|1= Ibn al-Haytham's ''[[Book of Optics]]'' disputed Claudius Ptolemy's extramission theory of vision: "Hence, the extramission of [visual] rays is superfluous and useless". See A. Mark Smith's translation from the Latin,<ref name="Smith2001">{{cite book |last=Smith |first=A. Mark |title=Alhacen's Theory of Visual Perception: A Critical Edition, with English Translation and Commentary, of the First Three Books of Alhacen's ''De Aspectibus'', the Medieval Latin Version of Ibn al-Haytham's ''Kitāb al-Manāẓir'': Volume Two |title-link=De Aspectibus |publisher=[[American Philosophical Society]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-87169-914-5 |series=Transactions of the American Philosophical Society |volume=91, parts 4 & 5 |location=Philadelphia }}</ref> Book I, [6.54], pp. 372, 408. }}<ref>{{cite journal |jstor=228328 |last1=Toomer |first1=G. J. |title=Reviewed work: Ibn al-Haythams Weg zur Physik, Matthias Schramm |journal=Isis |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=463–465 |year=1964 |doi=10.1086/349914}} See p. 464: "Schramm sums up [Ibn Al-Haytham's] achievement in the development of scientific method.", p. 465: "Schramm has demonstrated .. beyond any dispute that Ibn al-Haytham is a major figure in the Islamic scientific tradition, particularly in the creation of experimental techniques." p. 465: "only when the influence of Ibn al-Haytham and others on the mainstream of later medieval physical writings has been seriously investigated can Schramm's claim that Ibn al-Haytham was the true founder of modern physics be evaluated."</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cohen |first1=H. Floris |author-link=Floris Cohen |chapter=Greek nature knowledge transplanted: The Islamic world |title=How modern science came into the world. Four civilizations, one 17th-century breakthrough |year=2010 |pages=99–156 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |isbn=978-90-8964-239-4 |edition=2nd}}</ref> Buku la ''The Canon of Medicine'' ilo Avicenna wakalemba, buku lakulongosora vya munkhwala, likuwonekera kuti ni linyake mwa mabuku ghakukhumbikwa comene mu munkhwala, ndipo likagwiriskika ntchito mpaka mu zana la myaka la 18.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediahis00seli |url-access=limited |year=2006 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediahis00seli/page/n168 155]–156 |publisher=Springer |bibcode=2008ehst.book.....S |isbn=978-1-4020-4559-2 |editor-last1=Selin |editor-first1=Helaine |editor-link=Helaine Selin}}</ref> Mu zana la myaka la 11, vigaŵa vinandi vya Ulaya vikaŵa kuti vyazgoka Ŵakhristu,<ref name="Lindberg2007" />{{rp|p=204}} ndipo mu 1088, yunivesite ya Bologna (''University of Bologna'') yikawonekera kuŵa yunivesite yakwamba ku Ulaya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Russell |first=Josiah C. |year=1959 |title=Gratian, Irnerius, and the Early Schools of Bologna |journal=[[The Mississippi Quarterly]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=168–188 |jstor=26473232 |quote=Perhaps even as early as 1088 (the date officially set for the founding of the University)}}</ref> Pakuti vikaŵa nthena, kukhumba kwa kumasulira mabuku gha kale na gha kasandiro mu Cilatini kukakura,<ref name="Lindberg2007" />{{rp|p=204}} ico cikawovwira comene ku ''Renaissance'' ya zana la myaka la 12. Masambiro gha ''scholasticism'' ku Ulaya wa Kumadazi ghakakura, ndipo ŵakayezgayezga vinthu mwakuwona, kulongosora, na kugaŵa vinthu vya kawiro mu mitundu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Albertus-Magnus |title=St. Albertus Magnus |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=27 October 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028045424/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Albertus-Magnus |archive-date=28 October 2017}}</ref> Mu zana la myaka la 13, ŵasambizgi ŵa munkhwala na ŵasambiri ŵa ku Bologna ŵakamba kujura matupi gha ŵanthu, ico cikapangiska kuti paŵe buku lakwamba lakusambizga vya thupi la munthu (''anatomy'') ilo likapangika na Mondino de Luzzi.<ref>{{cite book |last=Numbers |first=Ronald |url=http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674057418 |title=Galileo Goes to Jail and Other Myths about Science and Religion |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-674-03327-6 |page=45 |access-date=27 March 2018 |archive-date=20 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120190509/https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674057418 |url-status=live}}</ref> === Renaissance === [[File:Printing towns incunabula.svg|thumb|alt=Mapu gha Ulaya na vimaŵara vikulongora misumba umo makina gha kusindikizga mabuku ghakakhazikiskika pakumalizira kwa zana la myaka la 15|Kuthandazgika kwa kusindikizga mabuku pakati pa 1440 na 1500.]] Kufuma pa sitoro yimoza yakusindikizgirako mabuku ku Mainz, Germany, pafupifupi mu 1440, makina ghakusindikizgirako mabuku ghakugwiriskira ntchito mazgu ghakusunkhunyika (''movable-type printing press'') ghakathandazgika mu misumba pafupifupi 270 ku Ulaya wa pakati, wa Kumadazi, na wa Kumaulo, ndipo ghakaŵa kuti ghasindikizga kale mabuku ghakujumpha 20 miliyoni kuumaliro wa zana la myaka la 15.<ref name="Febvre, Lucien; Martin, Henri-Jean 1976 by Anderson, Benedict 1993, 58f.">Febvre, Lucien; Martin, Henri-Jean (1976). ''The Coming of the Book: The Impact of Printing 1450–1800''. London: New Left Books. Quoted in: Anderson, Benedict. ''Comunidades Imaginadas. Reflexiones sobre el origen y la difusión del nacionalismo''. Fondo de cultura económica, Mexico, 1993. {{ISBN|978-968-16-3867-2}}. pp. 58f.</ref> Kusindikizga mabuku kukapangiska kuti mabuku gha ŵasambiri ghasangike comene, ndipo ŵasandi ŵakawonenge mabuku ghakale mwakufwatuka na kuyaniska ivyo iwo ŵakawona na ivyo ŵasambiri ŵanyawo ŵakawona.<ref>"Printing made it possible for [[Tycho Brahe|Brahe]] to survey a wide range of publications (there were over a hundred on the [[Great Comet of 1577#Observations by Tycho Brahe|comet of 1577]], though many were merely astrological prognostications) and demonstrate that the four best observers had produced results compatible with his own. It also ensured that Brahe's new system was quickly known throughout Europe, so that his arguments could be tested against the [[Kepler's Supernova|nova of 1604]] and the [[C/1618 W1#Scientific evaluation|comets of 1618]]. Printing created a community of astronomers working on common problems with common methods and reaching agreed solutions." Wootton, David. ''The Invention of Science: A New History of the Scientific Revolution'' (Penguin, 2015). pp.197-198. {{ISBN|0-06-175952-X}}</ref> Kusindikizga mabuku kukamalizga mwambo wa malemba ghakulembeka na woko (''manuscript culture'') wa Nyengo ya Pakati, apo unenesko ukaŵa uchoko ndiposo wakupambana, ndipo kukasintha na mwambo wa kusindikizga apo unenesko wakugomezgeka na wakulembeka ukachuluka mwaluŵiro ndipo ukazgoka maziko ghakukhora gha umanyi wa kasandiro.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wootton |first=David |author-link=David Wootton (historian) |title=The Invention of Science: A New History of the Scientific Revolution |publisher=Penguin |year=2015 |page=282 |isbn=978-0-06-175952-9 |quote=...a manuscript culture, in which experience is unspecific, indirect, and amorphous...a print culture, in which experience is specific, direct, documented and retrievable...In comparison to the world of print, manuscript culture is one of rumour and gossip. The printing press represents an information revolution, and secure facts are its consequence.}}</ref> Mu zana la myaka la 16, Nicolaus Copernicus wakapanga ukaghanaghani wakuti zuŵa lili pakati (''heliocentric model'') wa Cigaŵa ca Zuŵa, na zuŵa likaŵa pafupi na pakati pa caro cose,<ref>"The man who had deposed the earth from its proud position as the centre of the universe and had recognized it to be merely one of the planets, had yet felt compelled to give it quite an exceptional position in his new system. Though he had said 'in the midst of all stand the sun,' he had in his planetary theories assumed the centre of all movements to be the centre of the earth's orbit, where the sun was not." Dreyer, J.L.E. ''A History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler,'' (Dover Publications, 1953). p.343. {{ISBN|9780486600796}}</ref><ref>"...it was obvious to Copernicus...that the earth cannot move uniformly about a circle with the sun at the center. Thus Copernicus placed the sun not at the center of the earth's orbit, but at some distance away. The center of the solar system, and of the universe, in the system of Copernicus is thus not the sun at all, but rather a 'mean sun,' of the center of the earth's orbit. Hence, it is preferable to call the Copernican system a heliostatic system rather than a heliocentric system." [[I. Bernard Cohen|Cohen, I. Bernard]]. ''The Birth of a New Physics (Revised and Updated)'' (W.W. Norton & Company, 1985). p.44. {{ISBN|0-393-01994-2}}</ref> lisunkhunyika yayi, na caro na mapulaneti ghanyake ghakuzunguliza mu mzere wakuzungulira,<ref>"All movement within it (outside of the immediate vicinity of the Earth) is determined by the fundamental principle that heavenly movement is circular and therefore unchanging. Ptolemy, Copernicus thought, had betrayed this principle not...by adding epicycles to deferents in order to explain why the planets sometimes appear to move backwards in the sky, but by introducing the [[equant]] in order to speed them up and slow them down." [[David Wootton (historian)|Wootton, David]]. ''The Invention of Science: A New History of the Scientific Revolution'' (Penguin, 2015). p.152. {{ISBN|0-06-175952-X}}</ref> ghakusinthika na ''epicycles'', ndipo ghakuyenda mwakuyana waka. Ukaghanaghani wa Copernicus ukasuska ukaghanaghani wakuti caro ni pakati (''geocentric model'') wa Ptolemy, uwo wakaŵika caro pakati pa caro cose. Ŵasandi ŵa vya kuthambo ŵa zana la myaka la 16 ŵakagomezganga kuti kuwuskapo kwa ''equant'' na Copernicus ndiko kukaŵa kukwaniska kwake kukuru,<ref>"My Copernican census eventually helped to establish that the majority of sixteenth-century astronomers thought eliminating the [[equant]] was Copernicus' big achievement, because it satisfied the ancient aesthetic principle that eternal celestial motions should be uniform and circular or compounded of uniform and circular parts." Gingerich, Owen. ''The Book Nobody Read'' (Walker & Company, 2004).p. 55. {{ISBN|0-8027-1415-3}}</ref> kweni ukaghanaghani wake ukasintha yayi ukaghanaghani wa Ptolemy, uwo wakangoleka kukondweka pamanyuma pa vyaka 70 kufuma apo Galileo wakawonera vinthu na telesikopu mu 1610.<ref>"It is easy to show that conventional Ptolemaic astronomy was thriving until 1610 [when Galileo observed the phases of Venus with a telescope] and went into crisis immediately afterwards...The evidence is clear: [[Geocentrism#Ptolemaic model|Ptolemaic astronomy]] was unaffected by Copernicus; it went into crisis briefly with the [[SN 1572|new star of 1572]], but by the end of the sixteenth century it had fully recovered. The telescope, on the other hand, brought about its immediate and irreversible collapse." [[David Wootton (historian)|Wootton, David]]. ''The Invention of Science: A New History of the Scientific Revolution'' (Penguin, 2015). p.152. {{ISBN|0-06-175952-X}}</ref> === Kusintha kwa Kasandiro === Kuwonera kwa Tycho Brahe kwakuyanirana comene kwa vya kuthambo kuumaliro wa zana la myaka la 16, na kuwonera kwa Galileo Galilei na telesikopu kukwambilira kwa zana la myaka la 17, vikasazganako ndipo vikapangiska kuti kasandiro ka vya kuthambo (''astronomy'') kaŵe kasandiro kakwamba ka sono. Kuwonera kwa Galileo kukamalizga vikwi vya myaka vya maghanoghano gha kale gha vya kuthambo, apo Johannes Kepler wakagwiriskira ntchito vyakusangika vya Brahe kuti wasange kuti mapulaneti ghali na nthowa zakuzungulira za ''elliptical'', zakuzungulira yayi, ndipo wakapanga malango gha kuyenda kwa mapulaneti (''laws of planetary motion'').<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/article-pdf/64/9/50/9881314/50_1_online.pdf|title= The great Martian catastrophe and how Kepler fixed it |journal=Physics Today|date= 2011 |volume=64|issue=9|pages=50–54|doi=10.1063/PT.3.1259|access-date=27 July 2023 |last= Gingerich |first= Owen |author-link=Owen Gingerich |bibcode= 2011PhT....64i..50G }}</ref> Cifukwa ca Kepler, vinthu vya kuthambo vikamba kuwoneka kuti vikulongozgeka na malango gha kawiro.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Goldstein|first1=Bernard|last2=Hon|first2=Giora|date=2005|title=Kepler's Move from Orbs to Orbits: Documenting a Revolutionary Scientific Concept|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/246602496|journal=Perspectives on Science|volume=13|pages=74–111|doi=10.1162/1063614053714126 |s2cid=57559843 }}</ref> "Kasandiro Kapya" (''New Science'') ako kakawonekera kuumaliro wa zana la myaka la 17 kakapatuka comene na ukaghanaghani wa kawiro uwo ukaŵapo kale,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Küskü |first=Elif Aslan |date=2022 |title=Examination of Scientific Revolution Medicine on the Human Body / Bilimsel Devrim Tıbbını İnsan Bedeni Üzerinden İncelemek |url=https://www.academia.edu/87500649 |journal=The Legends: Journal of European History Studies |access-date=28 September 2022 |archive-date=12 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112202215/https://www.academia.edu/87500649 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Hendrix |first=Scott E. |title=Natural Philosophy or Science in Premodern Epistemic Regimes? The Case of the Astrology of Albert the Great and Galileo Galilei |journal=Teorie Vědy / Theory of Science |year=2011 |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=111–132 |doi=10.46938/tv.2011.72 |s2cid=258069710 |url=http://teorievedy.flu.cas.cz/index.php/tv/issue/view/10 |access-date=20 February 2012 |archive-date=18 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118024030/http://teorievedy.flu.cas.cz/index.php/tv/issue/view/10 |url-status=live |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name= "Principe2011">{{cite book | last= Principe | first= Lawrence M. | year = 2011 | chapter = Introduction | title = Scientific Revolution: A Very Short Introduction | pages = 1–3 | location = New York| publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn= 978-0-199-56741-6}}</ref> kakapatuka na maghanoghano na mitheto ya Ŵagiriki,<ref name= "Lindberg1990">{{cite book | last= Lindberg | first= David C. | year = 1990 | chapter = Conceptions of the Scientific Revolution from Baker to Butterfield: A preliminary sketch | title=Reappraisals of the Scientific Revolution | editor-first1 = David C. | editor-last1 = Lindberg | editor-first2 = Robert S. | editor-last2 = Westman | pages = 1–26 | edition = First | location = Chicago | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn= 978-0-521-34262-9}}</ref><ref name= "lindberg2007n">{{cite book | last= Lindberg | first= David C. | year = 2007 | chapter = The legacy of ancient and medieval science | title= The Beginnings of Western Science| pages= 357–368| edition = 2nd | location = Chicago | publisher = University of Chicago Press | isbn= 978-0-226-48205-7}}</ref><ref name= "Stanford Encyclopedia">{{Cite book|url= https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2016/entries/natphil-ren/|title= The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|last= Del Soldato|first= Eva|date= 2016|publisher= Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|editor-last= Zalta|editor-first= Edward N.|edition= Fall 2016|access-date= 1 June 2018|archive-date= 11 December 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191211205744/https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2016/entries/natphil-ren/|url-status= live}}</ref><ref name= Grant2007c>{{cite book | last= Grant | first = Edward | year = 2007 | chapter = Transformation of medieval natural philosophy from the early period modern period to the end of the nineteenth century | title= A History of Natural Philosophy | url= https://archive.org/details/historynaturalph00gran | url-access= limited | pages = [https://archive.org/details/historynaturalph00gran/page/n289 274]–322 | location = New York | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn= 978-052-1-68957-1}}</ref> kakaŵa ka makina comene mu kuwona caro ndipo kakasazgikira na masamu,<ref name= "lindberg2007n"/><ref name= "gal2021i">{{cite book|author1-link=Ofer Gal | last= Gal | first = Ofer | year = 2021 | chapter = The New Science | title = The Origins of Modern Science | pages = 308–349 | location = New York | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn= 978-1316649701}}</ref><ref name= "bowlermorus2020b">{{cite book | last1 = Bowler | first1 = Peter J. | last2 = Morus | first2 = Iwan Rhys | year = 2020 | chapter = The scientific revolution | title = Making Modern Science | pages = 25–57 | edition = 2nd | location = Chicago | publisher = University of Chicago Press | isbn= 978-0226365763}}</ref> ndipo kakatemwanga comene kusanga na kupulikiska ukaboni wapya.<ref>Wootton, David. ''The Invention of Science: A New History of the Scientific Revolution'' (Penguin, 2015). p.136. {{ISBN|0-06-175952-X}}</ref> === Nyengo ya Kuŵala === [[File:Newton's Principia title page.png|thumb|upright|Peji la mutu wa buku lakwamba la 1687 la ''Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica'' lakulembeka na Isaac Newton]] Pakwamba kwa Nyengo ya Kuŵala (''Age of Enlightenment''), Isaac Newton wakakhazikiska maziko gha ''classical mechanics'' na buku lake la ''Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica'', ico cikakhuŵilizga comene ŵasandi ŵa ''physics'' ŵa munthazi.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gribbin |first=John |title=Science: A History 1543–2001 |year=2002 |page=241 |publisher=Allen Lane |isbn=978-0-7139-9503-9 |quote=Although it was just one of the many factors in the Enlightenment, the success of Newtonian physics in providing a mathematical description of an ordered world clearly played a big part in the flowering of this movement in the eighteenth century.}}</ref> Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz wakasazgapo mazgu ghakufuma mu ''Aristotelian physics'', agho sono ghakugwiriskika ntchito mu nthowa yiphya yambura ''teleological''. Ici cikang'anamuranga kuti ŵanthu ŵakasintha umo ŵakawoneranga vinthu: vinthu sono vikawonekanga kuti vilije vilato vyakubabikira. Leibniz wakaghanaghananga kuti mitundu yakupambanapambana ya vinthu vyose vikugwira ntchito mwakuyana na malango ghakuyana waka gha kawiro, kwambura vifukwa vyapadera vyakumanyikwa panji vyaumaliro.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Leibniz/ |title=Gottfried Leibniz – Biography |website=Maths History |access-date=2 March 2021 |archive-date=11 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711221621/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Leibniz.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu nyengo iyi, cilato na kuzirwa kwa kasandiro ivyo vikapharazgika vikamba kupanga cuma na vyakupangika ivyo vingapangiska kuti umoyo wa ŵanthu uŵe uwemi, mu ng'anamuro la kutemwa vinthu vyakuthupi lakuti ŵaŵe na vyakurya vinandi, vyakuvwara, na vinthu vinyake. Mu mazgu gha Bacon, "cilato cenicenico na cakwenelera ca tusandiro '''ni kupereka ku umoyo wa munthu vyakupanga viphya na vyuma'''", ndipo wakakhuŵazga ŵasandi kuti ŵaleke kulondezga maghanoghano ghambura kuwoneka gha filosofi panji gha mzimu, agho wakagomezganga kuti ghakovwira viŵi yayi ku cimwemwe ca munthu kuluska "utsi wa maghanoghano ghakuthukuka, ghakuzirwa panji ghakukondweska".<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PgmbZIybuRoC&pg=PA162 |title=The Social and Economic Roots of the Scientific Revolution: Texts by Boris Hessen and Henryk Grossmann |last1=Freudenthal |first1=Gideon |last2=McLaughlin |first2=Peter |date=20 May 2009 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-4020-9604-4 |access-date=25 July 2018}}</ref> Kasandiro mu Nyengo ya Kuŵala kakalongozgeka na mabungwe gha kasandiro (''scientific societies'') na ma ''academy'',<ref>{{Cite book |editor-last1=Goddard Bergin |editor-first1=Thomas |editor1-link=Thomas G. Bergin |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_d0p5 |title=Encyclopedia of the Renaissance |editor-last2=Speake |editor-first2=Jennifer |editor2-link=Jennifer Speake |year=1987 |publisher=Facts on File |isbn=978-0-8160-1315-9}}</ref> agho ghakaŵa kuti ghanjira comene mu malo gha mayunivesite kuŵa malo ghakufufuzira na kukuzga kasandiro. Mabungwe na ma ''academy'' ghakaŵa mafupa gha kukhwima kwa ntchito ya kasandiro. Chinthu chinyake chakuzirwa chikaŵa kuthandazgika kwa kasandiro ku ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakamanyanga kuŵazga na kulemba.<ref>{{Cite book |last=van Horn Melton |first=James |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/rise-of-the-public-in-enlightenment-europe/BA532085A260114CD430D9A059BD96EF |title=The Rise of the Public in Enlightenment Europe |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-511-81942-1 |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511819421 |access-date=27 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |pages=82–83 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120143805/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/rise-of-the-public-in-enlightenment-europe/BA532085A260114CD430D9A059BD96EF |url-status=live}}</ref> Ŵakaghanaghani ŵa Nyengo ya Kuŵala ŵakazgokera kwa ŵasandi ŵachoko waka awo ŵakaŵako pambere—Galileo, Kepler, Boyle, na Newton comene—nga ni ŵalongozgi mu chigaŵa chilichose cha caro na cha ŵanthu cha nyengo iyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment (1500–1780) |url=https://www.tamaqua.k12.pa.us/cms/lib07/PA01000119/Centricity/Domain/119/TheScientificRevolution.pdf |access-date=29 January 2024 |archive-date=14 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114191547/https://www.tamaqua.k12.pa.us/cms/lib07/PA01000119/Centricity/Domain/119/TheScientificRevolution.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Scientific Revolution |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Scientific-Revolution |access-date=29 January 2024 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |archive-date=18 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518105004/https://www.britannica.com/science/Scientific-Revolution |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu zana la myaka la 18, ŵanthu ŵakasintha comene pa munkhwala<ref>{{cite book |title=Brock Biology of Microorganisms |publisher=Prentice Hall |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-13-144329-7 |editor-last=Madigan |editor-first=M. |editor-last2=Martinko |editor-first2=J. |edition=11th}}</ref> na ''physics'';<ref>{{cite book |last=Guicciardini |first=N. |url=https://archive.org/details/readingprincipia0000guic |title=Reading the Principia: The Debate on Newton's Methods for Natural Philosophy from 1687 to 1736 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-521-64066-4 |location=New York |url-access=registration}}</ref> Carl Linnaeus wakapanga ''taxonomy'' ya vyamoyo;<ref>{{cite journal |author1-link=Charles Calisher |last1=Calisher |first1=C. H. |year=2007 |title=Taxonomy: what's in a name? Doesn't a rose by any other name smell as sweet? |journal=Croatian Medical Journal |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=268–270 |pmc=2080517 |pmid=17436393}}</ref> ŵakapulikiska vyapya pa ''magnetism'' na magetsi;<ref>{{cite book |last1=Darrigol |first1=Olivier |url=https://archive.org/details/electrodynamicsf0000darr |title=Electrodynamics from Ampère to Einstein |year=2000 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-850594-9 |location=New York |url-access=registration}}</ref> ndipo kemistri yikakhwima kuŵa cigaŵa ca kasandiro.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Olby |first1=R. C. |last2=Cantor |first2=G. N. |last3=Christie |first3=J. R. R. |last4=Hodge |first4=M. J. S. |year=1990 |title=Companion to the History of Modern Science |location=London |publisher=Routledge |page=265}}</ref> Maghanoghano gha kawiro ka munthu, ŵanthu, na vya cuma ghakasintha mu Nyengo ya Kuŵala. Hume na ŵakaghanaghani ŵanyake ŵa ku Scotland ŵakapanga ''A Treatise of Human Nature'', ilo likalongosoreka mu mbiri mu ntchito za ŵalembi nga ni James Burnett, Adam Ferguson, John Millar na William Robertson, ŵose ŵakasazga pamoza kafukufuku wa kasandiro wa umo ŵanthu ŵakacitiranga mu mitheto yakale na yambula kukura na kumanya makora ivyo vikulongozga nyengo ya sono (''modernity'').<ref>{{Cite web |last=Magnusson |first=Magnus |date=10 November 2003 |title=Review of James Buchan, ''Capital of the Mind: How Edinburgh Changed the World'' |url=http://www.newstatesman.com/200311100040 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606015918/http://www.newstatesman.com/200311100040 |archive-date=6 June 2011 |access-date=27 April 2014 |work=New Statesman}}</ref> ''Sociology'' ya sono yikafuma comene mu gulu ili.<ref>{{Cite journal |jstor=588406 |title=Origins of Sociology: The Case of the Scottish Enlightenment |journal=The British Journal of Sociology |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=164–180 |last1=Swingewood |first1=Alan |year=1970 |doi=10.2307/588406}}</ref> Mu 1776, Adam Smith wakalemba ''The Wealth of Nations'', ilo kanandi likuwoneka kuti ndilo buku lakwamba la cuma ca sono (''modern economics'').<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fry |first=Michael |url=https://archive.org/details/adamsmithslegacy0000unse |title=Adam Smith's Legacy: His Place in the Development of Modern Economics |publisher=[[Routledge]] |others=[[Paul Samuelson]], [[Lawrence Klein]], [[Franco Modigliani]], [[James M. Buchanan]], [[Maurice Allais]], [[Theodore Schultz]], [[Richard Stone]], [[James Tobin]], [[Wassily Leontief]], [[Jan Tinbergen]] |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-415-06164-3 |url-access=registration}}</ref> === Zana la myaka la 19 === [[File:Darwin Tree 1837.png|thumb|upright|Chithunzi chakwamba cha mti wa kukura kwa vyamoyo (''evolutionary tree'') icho Charles Darwin wakapanga mu 1837|alt=Chithunzi cha mapu chakulembeka na mazgu]] Mu zana la myaka la 19, vinthu vinandi vyakupambaniska vya kasandiro ka sono vikamba kuwoneka. Ivi vikaŵa kusintha kwa kasandiro ka vyamoyo na ka vinthu vyambura umoyo; kugwiriskira ntchito pafupipafupi vipangizo vyakupima makora; kuwoneka kwa mazgu nga ni "msandi wa vyamoyo" (''biologist''), "msandi wa ''physics''" (''physicist''), na "msandi" (''scientist''); kuŵa ŵakukhwima kwa awo ŵakusambira vya kawiro; ŵasandi kupokera ulemu wa miyambo pa vigaŵa vinandi vya ŵanthu; kupanga mafakitale mu vyaru vinandi; kukura kwa mabuku gha kasandiro gha ŵanthu wose; na kuwoneka kwa magazini gha kasandiro.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lightman |first1=Bernard |editor1-last=Shank |editor1-first=Michael |editor2-last=Numbers |editor2-first=Ronald |editor3-last=Harrison |editor3-first=Peter |title=Wrestling with Nature: From Omens to Science |year=2011 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-31783-0 |page=367 |chapter=13. Science and the Public}}</ref> Kuumaliro wa zana la myaka la 19, ''psychology'' yikawoneka nga ni sambiro lakupambana na filosofi apo Wilhelm Wundt wakakhazikiska labotale yakwamba ya kafukufuku wa ''psychology'' mu 1879.<ref>{{cite book |last=Leahey |first=Thomas Hardy |title=A History of Psychology: From Antiquity to Modernity |year=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-138-65242-2 |edition=8th |location=New York |pages=219–253 |chapter=The psychology of consciousness}}</ref> Pakati pa zana la myaka la 19, Charles Darwin na Alfred Russel Wallace ŵakayowoya paŵekha ukaghanaghani wa kukura kwa vyamoyo na ''natural selection'' mu 1858, uwo ukalongosora umo mbuto na vinyama vyakupambanapambana vikambira na kukura. Ukaghanaghani wawo ukalongosoreka mwakudumura mu buku la Darwin ''On the Origin of Species'', ilo likalembeka mu 1859.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Padian |first=Kevin |title=Darwin's enduring legacy |journal=Nature |volume=451 |issue=7179 |pages=632–634 |year=2008 |doi=10.1038/451632a |pmid=18256649 |bibcode=2008Natur.451..632P |doi-access=free}}</ref> Padera, Gregor Mendel wakalongosora pepala lake "Experiments on Plant Hybridisation" mu 1865,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Henig |first=Robin Marantz |author-link=Robin Marantz Henig |url=https://archive.org/details/monkingardenlost00heni |title=The monk in the garden: the lost and found genius of Gregor Mendel, the father of genetics |year=2000 |pages=134–138}}</ref> ilo likalongosora malango gha chiharo cha vyamoyo, ico cikaŵa maziko gha ''genetics'' ya sono.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Miko |first=Ilona |title=Gregor Mendel's principles of inheritance form the cornerstone of modern genetics. So just what are they? |journal=Nature Education |volume=1 |issue=1 |page=134 |year=2008 |url=https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/gregor-mendel-and-the-principles-of-inheritance-593/ |access-date=9 May 2021 |archive-date=19 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719224056/http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/gregor-mendel-and-the-principles-of-inheritance-593 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kukwambilira kwa zana la myaka la 19, John Dalton wakayowoya ukaghanaghani wa sono wa ''atomic'' (''atomic theory''), uwo ukuthemba pa ukaghanaghani wakwamba wa Democritus wa vinthu vyambura kugaŵika vyakucemeka ''atoms''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rocke |first1=Alan J. |year=2005 |title=In Search of El Dorado: John Dalton and the Origins of the Atomic Theory |journal=Social Research |volume=72 |issue=1 |pages=125–158 |doi=10.1353/sor.2005.0003 |jstor=40972005 |s2cid=141350239}}</ref> Malango gha kusunga ''energy'', kusunga ''momentum'', na kusunga ''mass'' ghakalongora caro cakukhazikika comene apo pangaŵa kutaya kwa vinthu vichoko waka. Kweni, na kufika kwa injini ya ''steam'' na ''Industrial Revolution'', ŵanthu ŵakamba kupulikiska kuti ni mitundu yose yayi ya ''energy'' iyo yili na mikhaliro yakuyana waka, nchakusuzga yayi kusintha kuti yiŵe ntchito yakukhumbikwa panji ''energy'' yinyake.<ref name="Reichl1980" /> Kupulikiska uku kukapangiska kuti paŵe malango gha ''thermodynamics'', umo ''free energy'' ya caro cose yikuwoneka kuti yikuchepa nyengo zose: ''entropy'' ya caro cakujalika yikukura na nyengo.{{efn|name= HelmholtzGibbsGuthLinde|1= Whether the universe is closed or open, or the [[shape of the universe]], is an open question. The 2nd law of thermodynamics,<ref name="Reichl1980">{{cite book |last=Reichl |first=Linda |author-link=Linda Reichl |year=1980 |title=A Modern Course in Statistical Physics |url= |location= |publisher=Edward Arnold |isbn=0-7131-2789-9}}</ref>{{rp|9}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Rao |first=Y. V. C. |title=Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics |publisher=Universities Press |isbn=978-81-7371-048-3 |year=1997 |page=158}}</ref> and the 3rd law of thermodynamics<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.aop.2016.07.031 |title=Bounded energy exchange as an alternative to the third law of thermodynamics |year=2016 |last1=Heidrich |first1=M. |journal=Annals of Physics |volume=373 |pages=665–681 |bibcode=2016AnPhy.373..665H}}</ref> imply the [[heat death of the universe]] if the universe is a closed system, but not necessarily for an expanding universe.}} Ukaghanaghani wa ''electromagnetic'' (''electromagnetic theory'') ukakhazikika mu zana la myaka la 19 na ntchito za Hans Christian Ørsted, André-Marie Ampère, Michael Faraday, James Clerk Maxwell, Oliver Heaviside, na Heinrich Hertz. Ukaghanaghani wapya uwu ukapangiska mafumbo agho ghakaŵa ghambura kusuzga kuzgora mwakugwiriskira ntchito ndondomeko ya Newton. Kusangika kwa ''X-rays'' kukapangiska kuti Henri Becquerel na Marie Curie ŵasange ''radioactivity'' mu 1896;<ref>{{cite book |last=Mould |first=Richard F. |title=A century of X-rays and radioactivity in medicine: with emphasis on photographic records of the early years |year=1995 |publisher=Inst. of Physics Publ. |isbn=978-0-7503-0224-1 |edition=Reprint. with minor corr |location=Bristol |page=12}}</ref> Marie Curie wakazgoka munthu wakwamba kupokera Mphoto ziŵiri za Nobel.<ref name="Estreicher1938">{{cite book |last=Estreicher |first=Tadeusz |title=Polski słownik biograficzny, vol. 4 |title-link=Polski słownik biograficzny |year=1938 |page=113 |language=pl |chapter=Curie, Maria ze Skłodowskich |author-link=Tadeusz Estreicher}}</ref> Mu caka cakulondezgapo ŵakasanga cinthu cakwamba chichoko kuluska ''atom'', ico cikucemeka ''electron''.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Thomson |first=J. J. |year=1897 |title=Cathode Rays |journal=[[Philosophical Magazine]] |volume=44 |issue=269 |pages=293–316 |doi=10.1080/14786449708621070 |bibcode=1897LEDPM..44..293T }}</ref> === Zana la myaka la 20 === [[File:Carte trou ozone Antarctique.jpg|alt=Chithunzi chikulongora ''ozone'' yichoko ku South Pole|thumb|Chithunzi cha pa ''computer'' cha ''ozone hole'' chakapangika mu 1987 mwakugwiriskira ntchito vyakusangika kufuma ku telesikopu ya mlengalenga]] Mu hafu yakwamba ya zana la myaka, kupangika kwa ''antibiotics'' na feteleza wakupangika na ŵanthu (''artificial fertilisers'') kukawovwira umoyo wa ŵanthu pa caro cose.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goyotte |first=Dolores |year=2017 |title=The Surgical Legacy of World War II. Part II: The age of antibiotics |url=https://www.ast.org/ceonline/articles/402/files/assets/common/downloads/publication.pdf |url-status=live |journal=The Surgical Technologist |volume=109 |pages=257–264 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505180530/https://www.ast.org/ceonline/articles/402/files/assets/common/downloads/publication.pdf |archive-date=5 May 2021 |access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Erisman |first1=Jan Willem |first2=M. A. |last2=Sutton |first3=J. |last3=Galloway |first4=Z. |last4=Klimont |first5=W. |last5=Winiwarter |date=October 2008 |title=How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world |url=http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~wilkins/energy/Resources/Essays/ngeo325.pdf.xpdf |journal=[[Nature Geoscience]] |volume=1 |issue=10 |pages=636–639 |bibcode=2008NatGe...1..636E |doi=10.1038/ngeo325 |s2cid=94880859 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723223052/http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~wilkins/energy/Resources/Essays/ngeo325.pdf.xpdf |archive-date=23 July 2010 |access-date=22 October 2010}}</ref> Masuzgo ghakofya gha kawiro nga ni kuchepa kwa ''ozone'', kuŵa na asidi mu nyanja, ''eutrophication'', na kusintha kwa nyengo vikiza mu mtima wa ŵanthu ndipo vikapangiska kuti ŵambe kusambira vya kawiro (''environmental studies'').<ref>{{cite journal |editor-last1=Emmett |editor-first1=Rob |editor-last2=Zelko |editor-first2=Frank |url=http://www.environmentandsociety.org/perspectives/2014/2/minding-gap-working-across-disciplines-environmental-studies |title=Minding the Gap: Working Across Disciplines in Environmental Studies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121054306/https://www.environmentandsociety.org/perspectives/2014/2/minding-gap-working-across-disciplines-environmental-studies |archive-date=21 January 2022 |series=RCC Perspectives no. 2 |year=2014 |doi=10.5282/rcc/6313 |last1=Emmett |first1=Robert |last2=Zelko |first2=Frank |journal=Environment & Society Portal}}</ref> Mu nyengo iyi, kuyezgayezga kwa kasandiro kukaŵa kukuru comene mu unandi na ndalama.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Furner |first=Jonathan |date=1 June 2003 |title=Little Book, Big Book: Before and After Little Science, Big Science: A Review Article, Part I |journal=Journal of Librarianship and Information Science |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=115–125 |doi=10.1177/0961000603352006 |s2cid=34844169}}</ref> Kupanga vinthu vyapya kukuru kuko kukakhuŵilizgika na Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caro (''World War I''), Nkhondo ya Caro ya Wuŵiri (''World War II''), na Nkhondo Yakuzizira (''Cold War'') kukapangiska kulimbana pakati pa maboma ghakuru, nga ni Kulimbana kwa Kuthambo (''Space Race'') na kulimbana kwa vilwero vya ''nuclear''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kraft |first1=Chris |url=https://archive.org/details/flight00chri |title=Flight: My Life in Mission Control |first2=James |last2=Schefter |publisher=Dutton |year=2001 |isbn=0-525-94571-7 |location=New York |author-link1=Christopher C. Kraft, Jr. |pages=3–5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Kahn |first=Herman |author-link=Herman Kahn |year=1962 |title=Thinking about the Unthinkable |publisher=Horizon}}</ref> Kukolerana kukuru kwa vyaru vinyake nako kukacitika, nangauli pakaŵa nkhondo.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shrum |first=Wesley |title=Structures of scientific collaboration |year=2007 |publisher=MIT Press |others=Joel Genuth, Ivan Chompalov |isbn=978-0-262-28358-8 |location=Cambridge, MA}}</ref> Kuumaliro wa zana la myaka la 20, kulemba ŵanakazi mwamwamphu na kuwuskapo kusankhana pakati pa ŵanalume na ŵanakazi kukapangiska kuti ŵasandi ŵanakazi ŵaŵe ŵanandi, kweni mphambano yikuru pakati pa ŵanalume na ŵanakazi yikalutilira mu vigaŵa vinyake.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rosser |first=Sue V. |title=Breaking into the Lab: Engineering Progress for Women in Science |date=12 March 2012 |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=978-0-8147-7645-2 |page=7}}</ref> Kusangika kwa ''cosmic microwave background'' mu 1964<ref>{{cite journal |last=Penzias |first=A. A. |year=2006 |title=The origin of elements |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1978/penzias-lecture.pdf |journal=Science |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]] |volume=205 |issue=4406 |pages=549–554 |doi=10.1126/science.205.4406.549 |pmid=17729659 |access-date=4 October 2006 |archive-date=17 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110117225210/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1978/penzias-lecture.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> kukapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵakane ukaghanaghani wa caro cakukhazikika (''steady-state model'') ndipo ŵazomerezge ukaghanaghani wa ''Big Bang'' wa Georges Lemaître.<ref>{{cite book |last=Weinberg |first=S. |url=https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/495 |title=Gravitation and Cosmology |publisher=John Whitney & Sons |year=1972 |isbn=978-0-471-92567-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/495 464–495] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Zana la myaka ili likawona kusintha kukuru mu vigaŵa vya kasandiro. Ukaghanaghani wa kukura kwa vyamoyo (''evolution'') ukaŵa ukaghanaghani wakukolerana kukwambilira kwa zana la myaka la 20 apo ''modern synthesis'' yikaphatikizga ukaghanaghani wa Darwin na ''classical genetics''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Futuyma |first1=Douglas J. |title=Evolution |last2=Kirkpatrick |first2=Mark |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-60535-605-1 |edition=4th |pages=3–26 |chapter=Chapter 1: Evolutionary Biology |publisher=Sinauer}}</ref> Ukaghanaghani wa Albert Einstein wa ''relativity'' na kukura kwa ''quantum mechanics'' vikovwira ''classical mechanics'' kulongosora ''physics'' mu utali wakukwana, nyengo, na ''gravity''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miller |first=Arthur I. |title=Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity. Emergence (1905) and early interpretation (1905–1911) |year=1981 |location=Reading |publisher=Addison–Wesley |isbn=978-0-201-04679-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=ter Haar |first=D. |url=https://archive.org/details/oldquantumtheory0000haar |title=The Old Quantum Theory |publisher=Pergamon |year=1967 |isbn=978-0-08-012101-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/oldquantumtheory0000haar/page/206 206] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Kugwiriskira ntchito kwakuthandazgika kwa ''integrated circuits'' mu kotala yaumaliro ya zana la myaka la 20 pamoza na ''communications satellites'' kukapangiska kusintha kukuru mu tekinoloji ya uthenga (''information technology'') na kukwera kwa ''internet'' ya caro cose na ''mobile computing'', kusazgapo ma ''smartphone''. Kukhumbikwa kwa kuŵika mu ndondomeko vyakuphanana vyakutali na vyakukolerana na vyakusangika vinandi (''data'') kukapangiska kuti paŵe kukwera kwa vigaŵa vya ''systems theory'' na ''scientific modelling'' yakovwirika na ma ''computer''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=von Bertalanffy |first1=Ludwig |year=1972 |title=The History and Status of General Systems Theory |journal=The Academy of Management Journal |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=407–426 |doi=10.2307/255139 |jstor=255139 |bibcode=1972AManJ..15..407V }}</ref> === Zana la myaka la 21 === Ntchito ya ''Human Genome Project'' yikamalizgika mu 2003 pakusanga na kuŵika mapu gha ''genes'' zose za ''human genome''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Naidoo |first1=Nasheen |last2=Pawitan |first2=Yudi |last3=Soong |first3=Richie |last4=Cooper |first4=David N. |last5=Ku |first5=Chee-Seng |date=October 2011 |title=Human genetics and genomics a decade after the release of the draft sequence of the human genome |journal=Human Genomics |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=577–622 |doi=10.1186/1479-7364-5-6-577 |pmc=3525251 |pmid=22155605 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Maselo ghakwamba gha ŵanthu gha ''induced pluripotent stem cells'' ghakapangika mu 2006, ico cikapangiska kuti maselo gha ŵakukura ghasinthike kuŵa ''stem cells'' ndipo ghazgoke mtundu uliwose wa selo uwo ukusangika mu thupi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rashid |first1=S. Tamir |last2=Alexander |first2=Graeme J. M. |date=March 2013 |title=Induced pluripotent stem cells: from Nobel Prizes to clinical applications |journal=Journal of Hepatology |volume=58 |issue=3 |pages=625–629 |doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2012.10.026 |issn=1600-0641 |pmid=23131523 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Na kukhozgera kusangika kwa ''Higgs boson'' mu 2013, cinthu caumaliro ico ''Standard Model'' ya ''particle physics'' yikayowoya kale cikasangika.<ref>{{cite press release |last=O'Luanaigh |first=C. |date=14 March 2013 |title=New results indicate that new particle is a Higgs boson |publisher=[[CERN]] |url=http://home.web.cern.ch/about/updates/2013/03/new-results-indicate-new-particle-higgs-boson |access-date=9 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151020000722/http://home.web.cern.ch/about/updates/2013/03/new-results-indicate-new-particle-higgs-boson |archive-date=20 October 2015}}</ref> Mu 2015, ''gravitational waves'', izo ''general relativity'' yikayowoya kale vyaka zana limoza pambere, zikawonekera kwakwamba.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/aa91c9 |title=Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=848 |issue=2 |page=L12 |year=2017 |last1=Abbott |first1=B. P. |last2=Abbott |first2=R. |last3=Abbott |first3=T. D. |last4=Acernese |first4=F. |last5=Ackley |first5=K. |last6=Adams |first6=C. |last7=Adams |first7=T. |last8=Addesso |first8=P. |last9=Adhikari |first9=R. X.|last10 = Adya|first10 = V. B. |last11=Affeldt |first11=C. |last12=Afrough |first12=M. |last13=Agarwal |first13=B. |last14=Agathos |first14=M. |last15=Agatsuma |first15=K. |last16=Aggarwal |first16=N. |last17=Aguiar |first17=O. D. |last18=Aiello |first18=L. |last19=Ain |first19=A.|last20 = Ajith|first20 = P. |last21=Allen |first21=B. |last22=Allen |first22=G. |last23=Allocca |first23=A. |last24=Altin |first24=P. A. |last25=Amato |first25=A. |last26=Ananyeva |first26=A. |last27=Anderson |first27=S. B. |last28=Anderson |first28=W. G. |last29=Angelova |first29=S. V.|last30 = Antier|first30 = S. |display-authors=29 |bibcode=2017ApJ...848L..12A |arxiv=1710.05833 |s2cid=217162243 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.aar2149 |title=Merging neutron stars generate gravitational waves and a celestial light show |journal=Science |year=2017 |last1=Cho |first1=Adrian}}</ref> Mu 2019, ubungwe wa caro cose ''Event Horizon Telescope'' ukalongora chithunzi chakwamba chakuwoneka cha ''accretion disc'' ya ''black hole''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2019 |title=Media Advisory: First Results from the Event Horizon Telescope to be Presented on April 10th |publisher=Event Horizon Telescope |url=https://eventhorizontelescope.org/blog/media-advisory-first-results-event-horizon-telescope-be-presented-april-10th |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420135254/https://eventhorizontelescope.org/blog/media-advisory-first-results-event-horizon-telescope-be-presented-april-10th |archive-date=20 April 2019 |access-date=21 September 2021}}</ref> == Vigaŵa == Kasandiro ka sono kanandi kakugaŵika mu vigaŵa vitatu vikuru: kasandiro ka kawiro (''natural science''), kasandiro ka ŵanthu (''social science''), na kasandiro ka dango (''formal science'').<ref name="Cohen2021" /> Cigaŵa chiliconse cha ivi chili na vigaŵa vinandi vya kasandiro vyakupambana kweni vyakukhwaskana, ivyo kanandi vikuŵa na mazgu na umanyi wawo.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/scientific_method_relationships_among_scientific_paradigms/ |title=Scientific Method: Relationships Among Scientific Paradigms |date=7 March 2007 |magazine=Seed Magazine |access-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101001155/http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/scientific_method_relationships_among_scientific_paradigms/ |archive-date=1 November 2016}}</ref> Tusandiro twa kawiro na twa ŵanthu twose ni tusandiro twa ukaboni (''empirical sciences''),<ref>{{cite book |title=Philosophy of Science: From Problem to Theory |last=Bunge |first=Mario Augusto |year=1998 |publisher=Transaction |isbn=978-0-7658-0413-6 |page=24}}</ref> pakuti umanyi wawo ukuthemba pa ivyo vikuwoneka, ndipo ŵafukufuku ŵanyake awo ŵakugwira ntchito mu nyengo yakuyana ŵangayeza usange ni wa unenesko.<ref name="Popper2002">{{cite book |last=Popper |first=Karl R. |year=2002a |chapter=A survey of some fundamental problems |title=The Logic of Scientific Discovery |url=https://archive.org/details/logicscientificd00popp_574 |url-access=limited |orig-date=1959 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/logicscientificd00popp_574/page/n133 3]–26 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-0-415-27844-7}}</ref>{{rp|pp=3–26}} === Tusandiro twa kawiro === Kasandiro ka kawiro ni kusanda caro ca vinthu vyakuwoneka. Kangagaŵika mu vigaŵa viŵiri vikuru: kasandiro ka vyamoyo (''life science'') na kasandiro ka vinthu vyambura umoyo (''physical science''). Vigaŵa ivi viŵiri vingagaŵikaso mu vigaŵa vichoko vyapadera. Mwachiyelezgero, kasandiro ka vinthu vyambura umoyo kangagaŵika mu ''physics'', kemistri, ''astronomy'', na kasandiro ka caro (''earth science''). Kasandiro ka kawiro ka sono ni uyo wakulondezga ukaghanaghani wa kawiro (''natural philosophy'') uwo wakamba ku Girisi wakale. Galileo, Descartes, Bacon, na Newton ŵakakangana za uwemi wa kugwiriskira ntchito nthowa izo zikaŵa za masamu comene na zakuyezgayezga comene mu nthowa yakukhazikika. Kweni, maghanoghano gha filosofi, ukaghanaghani, na vyakuyamba kutorekwa kuti ni vyanenesko, ivyo kanandi vikuyeghekeka, vikulutilira kukhumbikwa mu kasandiro ka kawiro.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gauch |first=Hugh G. Jr. |chapter=Science in perspective |title=Scientific Method in Practice |publisher=Cambridge University Press |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iVkugqNG9dAC&pg=PA71 |pages=21–73 |isbn=978-0-521-01708-4 |year=2003 |access-date=3 September 2018}}</ref> Kutora vyakusangika mu nthowa yakukhazikika, kusazgapo ''discovery science'', kukalondezga ''natural history'', iyo yikawoneka mu zana la myaka la 16 mwakulongosora na kugaŵa mbuto, vinyama, malibwe, na vyamoyo vinyake.<ref>{{cite book |last=Oglivie |first=Brian W. |year=2008 |chapter=Introduction |title=The Science of Describing: Natural History in Renaissance Europe |pages=1–24 |edition=Paperback |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-62088-6}}</ref> Sono, "''natural history''" likulongosora vyakuwonera vyakulembeka ku ŵanthu wose.<ref>{{cite dictionary |title=Natural History |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=natural+history |dictionary=Princeton University WordNet |access-date=21 October 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303173506/http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=natural+history |archive-date=3 March 2012}}</ref> === Tusandiro twa ŵanthu === [[File:Supply-demand-equilibrium.svg|thumb|class=skin-invert-image|Mzere wa ''supply'' na ''demand'' mu ''economics'', wakukumana pa malo ghawemi ghakuyana|alt=Mizere yiŵiri yikukumana pa malo ghamoza, yikupanga chimanyisko cha X]] Kasandiro ka ŵanthu ni kusanda nkharo za ŵanthu na umo ŵanthu ŵakukhalira pamoza.<ref name="Colander2019" /><ref name="Nisbet2020" /> Kali na vigaŵa vinandi, nga ni ''anthropology'', ''economics'', mbiri, ''human geography'', ''political science'', ''psychology'', na ''sociology''.<ref name="Colander2019" /> Mu tusandiro twa ŵanthu muli maghanoghano ghanandi ghakukangana, ndipo ghanandi ghakukuzgika kwizira mu mapulogiramu gha kafukufuku ghakukangana, nga ni ''functionalists'', ''conflict theorists'', na ''interactionists'' mu ''sociology''.<ref name="Colander2019" /> Cifukwa ca masuzgo gha kucita ma ''experiment'' ghakulongozgeka pa magulu ghakuru gha ŵanthu panji pa vinthu vyakusuzga, ŵasandi ŵa ŵanthu ŵangagwiriskira ntchito nthowa zinyake za kafukufuku nga ni nthowa ya mbiri (''historical method''), ''case studies'', na ''cross-cultural studies''. Kweniso usange manambala ghalipo, ŵasandi ŵa ŵanthu ŵangathemba pa ''statistics'' kuti ŵapulikiske makora ubwezi na nthowa za ŵanthu.<ref name="Colander2019" /> === Tusandiro twa dango === Kasandiro ka dango (''formal science'') ni chigaŵa cha kusanda icho chikupanga umanyi mwakugwiriskira ntchito ndondomeko zakukhazikika (''formal systems'').<ref>{{cite web |url=https://my.wlu.edu/the-sciences-at-wandl/formal-sciences |title=Formal Sciences: Washington and Lee University |website=Washington and Lee University |access-date=14 May 2021 |quote=A "formal science" is an area of study that uses formal systems to generate knowledge such as in Mathematics and Computer Science. Formal sciences are important subjects because all of quantitative science depends on them. |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514125428/https://my.wlu.edu/the-sciences-at-wandl/formal-sciences |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Löwe2002">{{cite journal |last=Löwe |first=Benedikt |author-link=Benedikt Löwe |year=2002 |title=The formal sciences: their scope, their foundations, and their unity |journal=Synthese |volume=133 |issue=1/2 |pages=5–11 |doi=10.1023/A:1020887832028 |issn=0039-7857 |s2cid=9272212}}</ref><ref name="Rucker2019">{{cite book |last=Rucker |first=Rudy |author-link=Rudy Rucker |url=http://www.rudyrucker.com/infinityandthemind/#calibre_link-328 |title=Infinity and the Mind: The Science and Philosophy of the Infinite |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-691-19138-6 |edition=Reprint |pages=157–188 |chapter=Robots and souls |access-date=11 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226212447/http://www.rudyrucker.com/infinityandthemind/#calibre_link-328 |archive-date=26 February 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Formal system'' ni chikaghanaghaniro chambura kuwoneka icho chikugwiriskika ntchito kufumiska vyakumalizira (''theorems'') kufuma pa vyakwamba (''axioms'') kuyana na dango.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Formal system |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/formal-system |access-date=30 May 2022 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |archive-date=29 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080429174130/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9034889/formal-system |url-status=live}}</ref> Chikukhwaska masamu,<ref>{{cite book |last=Tomalin |first=Marcus |year=2006 |title=Linguistics and the Formal Sciences}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Formal Sciences: Their Scope, Their Foundations, and Their Unity |journal=Synthese |volume=133 |pages=5–11 |doi=10.1023/a:1020887832028 |year=2002 |last1=Löwe |first1=Benedikt |issue=1/2 |s2cid=9272212}}</ref> ''systems theory'', na ''theoretical computer science''. Tusandiro twa dango tukuyana na vigaŵa vinyake viŵiri pakuthemba pa kusanda kwakukwana, kwa makora, na kwakukhazikika kwa chigaŵa cha umanyi. Kweni tukupambana na tusandiro twa ukaboni cifukwa tukuthemba kughanaghana kwa ''deductive'' pera, kwambura kukhumbikwira ukaboni, kuti tuyeze maghanoghano ghawo ghambura kuwoneka.<ref name="Fetzer2013" /><ref>{{cite book |first=Thompson |last=Bill |title=The Nature of Statistical Evidence |chapter=2.4 Formal Science and Applied Mathematics |publisher=Springer |series=Lecture Notes in Statistics |volume=189 |year=2007 |page=15}}</ref><ref name="Popper2002" /> Tusandiro twa dango, ntheura, ni vigaŵa vya ''a priori'', ndipo cifukwa ca ici, pali kukangana usange vikuŵa kasandiro.<ref name="Kluwer" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bunge |first1=Mario |title=Philosophy of Science: Volume 1, From Problem to Theory |year=1998 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-7658-0413-6 |edition=revised |volume=1 |location=New York |pages=3–50 |chapter=The Scientific Approach}}</ref> Nangauli vili nthena, tusandiro twa dango tukuseŵera chigaŵa chikuru mu tusandiro twa ukaboni. ''Calculus'', mwachiyelezgero, yikapangika pakwamba kuti ŵamanye umo vinthu vikwendera mu ''physics''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mujumdar |first1=Anshu Gupta |last2=Singh |first2=Tejinder |year=2016 |chapter=Cognitive science and the connection between physics and mathematics |title=Trick or Truth?: The Mysterious Connection Between Physics and Mathematics |editor-first1=Anthony |editor-last1=Aguirre |editor-first2=Brendan |editor-last2=Foster |series=The Frontiers Collection |pages=201–218 |location=Switzerland |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-27494-2}}</ref> Tusandiro twa kawiro na twa ŵanthu utwu tukuthemba comene pa masamu tukusazgapo ''mathematical physics'',<ref>{{cite web |title=About the Journal |url=http://jmp.aip.org/jmp/staff.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003233339/http://jmp.aip.org/jmp/staff.jsp |archive-date=3 October 2006 |access-date=3 October 2006 |website=[[Journal of Mathematical Physics]]}}</ref> kemistri,<ref>{{cite book |last=Restrepo |first=G. |chapter=Mathematical chemistry, a new discipline |title=Essays in the philosophy of chemistry |editor-last1=Scerri |editor-first1=E. |editor-last2=Fisher |editor-first2=G. |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |year=2016 |pages=332–351 |isbn=978-0-19-049459-9 |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/essays-in-the-philosophy-of-chemistry-9780190494599?cc=de&lang=en& |archive-date=10 June 2021 |access-date=31 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610130352/https://global.oup.com/academic/product/essays-in-the-philosophy-of-chemistry-9780190494599?cc=de&lang=en& |url-status=live}}</ref> ''biology'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is mathematical biology |publisher=Centre for Mathematical Biology, University of Bath |url=http://www.bath.ac.uk/cmb/mathBiology/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923070442/http://www.bath.ac.uk/cmb/mathBiology/ |archive-date=23 September 2018 |access-date=7 June 2018}}</ref> ''finance'',<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Johnson |first=Tim |date=1 September 2009 |title=What is financial mathematics? |url=https://plus.maths.org/content/what-financial-mathematics |access-date=1 March 2021 |magazine=+Plus Magazine |archive-date=8 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408231344/https://plus.maths.org/content/what-financial-mathematics |url-status=live}}</ref> na ''economics''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Varian |first=Hal |author-link=Hal Varian |year=1997 |chapter=What Use Is Economic Theory? |editor-last1=D'Autume |editor-first1=A. |editor-last2=Cartelier |editor-first2=J. |title=Is Economics Becoming a Hard Science? |publisher=Edward Elgar}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20060625062619/http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hal/Papers/theory.pdf Pre-publication]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060625062619/http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hal/Papers/theory.pdf |date=25 June 2006 }}. Retrieved 1 April 2008.</ref> === Tusandiro twakugwiriskira ntchito === Kasandiro ka kugwiriskira ntchito (''applied science'') ni kugwiriskira ntchito nthowa ya kasandiro na umanyi kuti ŵasange vilato vya zuŵa na zuŵa, ndipo kakukhwaska vigaŵa vinandi nga ni uinjiniya (''engineering'') na munkhwala (''medicine'').<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abraham |first=Reem Rachel |year=2004 |title=Clinically oriented physiology teaching: strategy for developing critical-thinking skills in undergraduate medical students |journal=Advances in Physiology Education |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=102–104 |doi=10.1152/advan.00001.2004 |pmid=15319191 |s2cid=21610124}}</ref><ref name="Bunge1966" /> ''Engineering'' ni kugwiriskira ntchito mazgu gha kasandiro kupanga, kukonda, na kuzenga makina, vyakuzengeka, na tekinoloji.<ref>{{cite dictionary |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/engineering |title=Engineering |dictionary=Cambridge Dictionary |publisher=Cambridge University Press |access-date=25 March 2021 |archive-date=19 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819030859/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/engineering |url-status=live}}</ref> Kasandiro kangawovwira kupanga tekinoloji zapya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brooks |first=Harvey |date=1 September 1994 |title=The relationship between science and technology |url=https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/files/publication/sciencetechnology.pdf |journal=Research Policy |series=Special Issue in Honor of Nathan Rosenberg |volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=477–486 |doi=10.1016/0048-7333(94)01001-3 |issn=0048-7333 |access-date=14 October 2022 |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230224402/https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/files/publication/sciencetechnology.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Munkhwala ni nthowa yakusamalira ŵalwari mwa kusunga na kubwezgera umoyo wawemi kwizira mu kugega, kusanda nthenda, na kuchizga vilonda panji nthenda.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firth |first=John |title=Oxford textbook of medicine |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-19-874669-0 |chapter=Science in medicine: when, how, and what}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Saunders |first=J. |date=June 2000 |title=The practice of clinical medicine as an art and as a science |journal=Med Humanit |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=18–22 |doi=10.1136/mh.26.1.18 |pmid=12484313 |doi-access=free |s2cid=73306806 |pmc=1071282}}</ref> === Tusandiro twa muzu === Kanandi tusandiro twa kugwiriskira ntchito tukuyezgeka na tusandiro twa muzu (''basic sciences''), utwu tukulingalira kukuzga ukaghanaghani na dango za kasandiro izo zikulongosora na kuvikira ivyo vikucitika mu kawiro.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Davis |first1=Bernard D. |date=March 2000 |title=Limited scope of science |journal=Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=1–12 |doi=10.1128/MMBR.64.1.1-12.2000 |pmc=98983 |pmid=10704471 |postscript=none}} & "Technology" in {{cite journal |first=Bernard |last=Davis |author-link1=Bernard Davis (biologist) |date=Mar 2000 |title=The scientist's world |journal=[[Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews]] |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=1–12 |doi=10.1128/MMBR.64.1.1-12.2000 |pmc=98983 |pmid=10704471}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first=James |last=McCormick |year=2001 |title=Scientific medicine—fact of fiction? The contribution of science to medicine |journal=Occasional Paper (Royal College of General Practitioners) |pages=3–6 |pmc=2560978 |pmid=19790950 |number=80}}</ref> === Kasandiro ka ''blue skies'' === Kafukufuku wa ''blue skies'' (''blue skies research''), uyo wakucemekaso ''blue sky science'', ni kafukufuku wa kasandiro mu vigaŵa umo kugwiriskika kwa "caro cenicenico" kukuwonekera yayi pa nyengo yeneyiyo. === Kasandiro ka kompyuta === Kasandiro ka kompyuta (''computational science'') kakugwiriskira ntchito ''computer simulations'' mu kasandiro, ico cikovwira kupulikiska makora masuzgo gha kasandiro kuluska umo masamu ghekha ghangacitira. Kugwiriskira ntchito ''machine learning'' na ''artificial intelligence'' kukuzgoka chinthu chikuru mu uwovwiri wa kompyuta ku kasandiro, mwachiyelezgero mu ''agent-based computational economics'', ''random forests'', ''topic modelling'', na mitundu yakupambanapambana ya kuvikira (''prediction''). Kweni, makina ghekha ghakukuzga umanyi kachoko pera cifukwa ghakukhumba ulongozgi wa ŵanthu na luso lwa kughanaghana; ndipo ghangapangiska kuti magulu ghanyake gha ŵanthu ghasankhikwe panji nyengo zinyake ghangacita makora yayi kuluska ŵanthu.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Breznau |first1=Nate |year=2022 |title=Integrating Computer Prediction Methods in Social Science: A Comment on Hofman et al. (2021) |journal=Social Science Computer Review |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=844–853 |doi=10.1177/08944393211049776 |doi-access=free |s2cid=248334446 |url=https://osf.io/adxb3/download |access-date=16 August 2023 |archive-date=29 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429040922/https://osf.io/adxb3/download |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hofman |first1=Jake M. |last2=Watts |first2=Duncan J. |author2-link=Duncan J. Watts |last3=Athey |first3=Susan |author3-link=Susan Athey |last4=Garip |first4=Filiz |last5=Griffiths |first5=Thomas L. |author5-link=Tom Griffiths (cognitive scientist) |last6=Kleinberg |first6=Jon |author6-link=Jon Kleinberg |last7=Margetts |first7=Helen |author7-link=Helen Margetts |last8=Mullainathan |first8=Sendhil |author8-link=Sendhil Mullainathan |last9=Salganik |first9=Matthew J. |author9-link=Matthew J. Salganik |last10=Vazire |first10=Simine |author10-link=Simine Vazire |last11=Vespignani |first11=Alessandro |author11-link=Alessandro Vespignani |date=July 2021 |title=Integrating explanation and prediction in computational social science |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03659-0 |url-status=live |journal=Nature |volume=595 |issue=7866 |pages=181–188 |bibcode=2021Natur.595..181H |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03659-0 |issn=1476-4687 |pmid=34194044 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925074416/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03659-0 |archive-date=25 September 2021 |access-date=25 September 2021 |s2cid=235697917}}</ref> === Kasandiro ka vigaŵa vinandi === Kasandiro ka vigaŵa vinandi (''interdisciplinary science'') kakukhwaska kuphatikiza vigaŵa viŵiri panji vinandi kuŵa chimoza,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Nissani |first=M. |year=1995 |title=Fruits, Salads, and Smoothies: A Working Definition of Interdisciplinarity |journal=The Journal of Educational Thought |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=121–128 |doi=10.55016/ojs/jet.v29i2.52385 |doi-access=free|jstor=23767672}}</ref> nga ni ''bioinformatics'' (kuphatikiza ''biology'' na ''computer science'')<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/digitalcodeoflif0000mood |title=Digital Code of Life: How Bioinformatics is Revolutionizing Science, Medicine, and Business |last=Moody |first=G. |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-471-32788-2 |url-access=registration |page=vii |publisher=John Wiley & Sons}}</ref> na ''cognitive sciences''. Maghanoghano agha ghaliko kufuma mu nyengo ya Ŵagiriki ŵakale, ndipo ghakamba kukondweka kaso mu zana la myaka la 20.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ausburg |first=Tanya |title=Becoming Interdisciplinary: An Introduction to Interdisciplinary Studies |publisher=Kendall/Hunt Publishing |year=2006 |edition=2nd |location=New York}}</ref> == Kafukufuku == Kafukufuku wa kasandiro wangalembeka kuti ni wa muzu panji wa kugwiriskira ntchito. Kafukufuku wa muzu (''basic research'') ni kusaka umanyi, ndipo kafukufuku wa kugwiriskira ntchito (''applied research'') ni kusaka nthowa zakuthana masuzgo gha zuŵa na zuŵa pakugwiriskira ntchito umanyi uwu. Kupulikiska kunandi kukufuma mu kafukufuku wa muzu, nangauli nyengo zinyake kafukufuku wa kugwiriskira ntchito wakulingalira masuzgo ghenipo. Ici cikupangiska kuti paŵe tekinoloji zapya izo ŵanthu ŵakaghanaghananga yayi pakwamba.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://richarddawkins.net/articles/91 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119113522/http://richarddawkins.net/articles/91 |archive-date=19 January 2012 |title=To Live at All Is Miracle Enough |first=Richard |last=Dawkins |publisher=RichardDawkins.net |date=10 May 2006 |access-date=5 February 2012}}</ref> === Nthowa ya kasandiro === [[File:The Scientific Method.svg|thumb|class=skin-invert-image|Chithunzi cha nthowa ya kasandiro icho chikulongosoreka nga ni mzere wakulutilira|alt=Masitepu 6 gha nthowa ya kasandiro mu chizunguzunguzu]] Kafukufuku wa kasandiro ukugwiriskira ntchito nthowa ya kasandiro, iyo yikusaka kulongosora mwakwenenesko vyakucitika mu kawiro mu nthowa iyo yingabwerezgeka.<ref name="di Francia1976">{{cite book |last=di Francia |first=Giuliano Toraldo |chapter=The method of physics |title=The Investigation of the Physical World |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1976 |pages=1–52 |isbn=978-0-521-29925-1 |quote=The amazing point is that for the first time since the discovery of mathematics, a method has been introduced, the results of which have an intersubjective value!}}</ref> Kanandi ŵasandi ŵakutora kuti ghanyake gha maghanoghano ghakwamba ni ghanenesko, agho ghakukhumbikwa kuti nthowa ya kasandiro yiŵe yakukhazikika: kuli caro chenichenicho icho ŵakuwona wose ŵakughanaghana makora ŵakugabana; caro ichi chenichenicho chikulongozgeka na dango za kawiro; dango izi zikasangika kwizira mu kuwona na kuyezgayezga mu nthowa yakukhazikika.<ref name="Heilbron2003" /> Masamu ghakukhumbikwa comene mu kupanga ''hypotheses'', ukaghanaghani, na dango, cifukwa ghakugwiriskika comene mu kupanga ''quantitative models'', kuwona, na kutora vyakupimika.<ref name=Popper2002 />{{rp|pp=3–26}} ''Statistics'' yikugwiriskika kuphatikiza na kusanda manambala, ico cikovwira ŵasandi kupima kuti vyakuyezgeka vikwenere kugomezgeka.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Diggle |first1=Peter J. |author-link=Peter Diggle |title=Statistics and Scientific Method: An Introduction for Students and Researchers |last2=Chetwynd |first2=Amanda G. |author2-link=Amanda Chetwynd |year=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-954318-2 |pages=1–2}}</ref> Mu nthowa ya kasandiro, ''thought experiment'' panji ''hypothesis'' yakulongosora yikuŵikika nga ni chikaghanaghaniro pakugwiriskira ntchito ''parsimony principles'', ndipo yikukhumbikwa kusaka ''consilience''—kuyanirana na vyanenesko vinyake vyasikizgika vyakukhwaskana na chakuwonekapo panji fumbo la kasandiro.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wilson |first=Edward |title=Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge |publisher=Vintage |location=New York |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-679-76867-8}}</ref> Chikaghanaghaniro ichi chakwamba chikugwiriskika kupanga vyakuvikira (''predictions'') vyakuti vingapusikizgika, ivyo kanandi ŵakulemba kwambere kuyezgayezga. Kupusikizga chakuvikira ni ukaboni wa kukhwima.<ref name="di Francia1976" />{{Rp|pages=4–5}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Fara |first=Patricia |author-link=Patricia Fara |year=2009 |chapter=Decisions |title=Science: A Four Thousand Year History |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-922689-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/sciencefourthous00fara/page/408 408] |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/sciencefourthous00fara/page/306}}</ref> Kuyezgayezga ni kwakukhumbikwa comene mu kasandiro kuti kuwovwire kupanga ubwezi wa chifukwa na chakucitika (''causal relationships'') kuti ŵaleke kugwa mu ''correlation fallacy'', kweni mu tusandiro tunyake nga ni ''astronomy'' panji ''geology'', chakuwonekapo chakuvikilika chingaŵa chawemi comene.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aldrich |first=John |journal=Statistical Science |volume=10 |year=1995 |pages=364–376 |title=Correlations Genuine and Spurious in Pearson and Yule |jstor=2246135 |doi=10.1214/ss/1177009870 |issue=4 |bibcode=1995StaSc..1009870A |doi-access=free}}</ref> Usange ''hypothesis'' yikulephera, ŵakuyisintha panji kuyiwusa. Usange yikuyimilira pa kuyezgayezga, yingatolekwa mu ndondomeko ya ukaghanaghani wa kasandiro (''scientific theory''), ''model'' yakughanaghanika makora, yakuyana yekha, panji ndondomeko yakulongosora makhaliro gha vyakucitika vinyake vya kawiro. Ukaghanaghani (''theory'') kanandi ukulongosora makhaliro gha vyakuwoneka vyanandi kuluska ''hypothesis''; kanandi, ''hypotheses'' zinandi zingaphatikizgika na ukaghanaghani umoza. Ntheura, ukaghanaghani ni ''hypothesis'' yikulongosora ''hypotheses'' zinyake zinandi. Mu nthowa iyi, ukaghanaghani ukupangika kuyana na mazgu gha kasandiro ghakuyana na gha ''hypotheses''. Ŵasandi ŵangapanga ''model'', chikaghanaghaniro cha kulongosora panji kulongora chakuwoneka mu nthowa ya ''logical'', ya ''physical'', panji ya masamu, na kupanga ''hypotheses'' zapya izo zingayezgeka pakuyezgayezga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nola |first1=Robert |last2=Irzik |first2=Gürol |year=2005 |title=Philosophy, science, education and culture |volume=28 |series=Science & technology education library |isbn=978-1-4020-3769-6 |publisher=Springer |pages=207–230}}</ref> Apo ŵakuyezgayezga kuti ŵayeze ''hypotheses'', ŵasandi ŵangakondwa na chakuyezgeka chimoza kuluska chinyake.<ref>{{cite web |last=van Gelder |first=Tim |year=1999 |url=http://www.philosophy.unimelb.edu.au/tgelder/papers/HeadsIWin.pdf |title="Heads I win, tails you lose": A Foray Into the Psychology of Philosophy |publisher=University of Melbourne |access-date=28 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409054240/http://www.philosophy.unimelb.edu.au/tgelder/papers/HeadsIWin.pdf |archive-date=9 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Pease |first=Craig |date=6 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619154617/http://law-and-science.net/Science4BLJ/Scientific_Method/Deliberate.bias/Text.htm |archive-date=19 June 2010 |title=Chapter 23. Deliberate bias: Conflict creates bad science |website=Science for Business, Law and Journalism |publisher=Vermont Law School |url=http://law-and-science.net/Science4BLJ/Scientific_Method/Deliberate.bias/Text.htm}}</ref> Kuwuskapo ukondelero uwu kungacitika kwizira mu kuwonekera (''transparency''), kupanga makora kuyezgayezga, na kupimiskika makora kwa vyakuyezgeka na vyakumalizira na ŵasandi ŵanyake (''peer review'').<ref>{{cite book |first=David |last=Shatz |year=2004 |title=Peer Review: A Critical Inquiry |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-7425-1434-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Sheldon |last=Krimsky |year=2003 |title=Science in the Private Interest: Has the Lure of Profits Corrupted the Virtue of Biomedical Research |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-7425-1479-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/scienceinprivate0000krim}}</ref> Pamanyuma pakuti vyakuyezgeka vyatenderezgeka panji vyalembeka, ni chikozgero chawemi kuti ŵafukufuku ŵakujiyimirira ŵapime kuti kafukufuku wacitikira wuli, ndipo ŵalondezge na kucita ma ''experiments'' ghakuyana kuti ŵamanye kuti vyakuyezgeka vingagomezgeka wuli.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Ruth Ellen |last1=Bulger |year=2002 |last2=Heitman |first2=Elizabeth |last3=Reiser |first3=Stanley Joel |title=The Ethical Dimensions of the Biological and Health Sciences |edition=2nd |isbn=978-0-521-00886-0 |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> Para nthowa ya kasandiro yagwiriskika yose, yikuzomerezga kuthana masuzgo mwaluso comene uku yikucepeska ukondelero wa munthu yekha na ukondelero wa kukhozgera ivyo wali kale kugomezga (''confirmation bias'').<ref>{{cite web |last=Backer |first=Patricia Ryaby |date=29 October 2004 |url=http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/pabacker/scientific_method.htm |title=What is the scientific method? |publisher=San Jose State University |access-date=28 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408082917/http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/pabacker/scientific_method.htm |archive-date=8 April 2008}}</ref> ''Intersubjective verifiability'', luso lakufika pa kuzomerezgana na kubwerezga vyakuyezgeka, ni lakukhumbikwa comene pakupanga umanyi wose wa kasandiro.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ziman |first=John |title=Reliable knowledge: An exploration of the grounds for belief in science |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1978c |isbn=978-0-521-22087-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/reliableknowledg00john/page/42 42–76] |chapter=Common observation |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/reliableknowledg00john/page/42}}</ref> === Vyakulembeka === [[File:Nature cover, November 4, 1869.jpg|thumb|Chikuto cha buku lakwamba la ''Nature'', 4 November 1869|alt=Mutu wa "NATURE" wakukometa, na malemba gha kasandiro pasi]] Kafukufuku wa kasandiro ukutenderezgeka mu vyakulembeka vyakupambanapambana.<ref>{{cite journal |author-link=John Ziman |last=Ziman |first=J. M. |journal=Science |title=The proliferation of scientific literature: a natural process |year=1980 |volume=208 |issue=4442 |pages=369–371 |doi=10.1126/science.7367863 |pmid=7367863 |bibcode=1980Sci...208..369Z}}</ref> Ma ''journal'' gha kasandiro (''scientific journals'') ghakumanyisha na kulemba vyakuyezgeka vya kafukufuku uwo ukucitika mu mayunivesite na malo ghanyake ghakufufuzira, ndipo ghakugwira ntchito nga ni vyakusunga vya mbiri ya kasandiro. Ma ''journal'' ghakwamba gha kasandiro, ''Journal des sçavans'' na pamanyuma ''Philosophical Transactions'', ghakamba kutenderezgeka mu 1665. Kufuma nyengo iyo, ciŵerengero cose ca ma ''periodical'' ghakugwira ntchito cikukura nyengo zose. Mu 1981, cilingo cimoza ca ciŵerengero ca ma ''journal'' gha kasandiro na gha tekinoloji ghakutenderezgeka cikaŵa 11,500.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Krishna |last1=Subramanyam |last2=Subramanyam |first2=Bhadriraju |year=1981 |title=Scientific and Technical Information Resources |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-8247-8297-9}}</ref> Ma ''journal'' ghanandi gha kasandiro ghakukwata chigaŵa chimoza cha kasandiro ndipo ghakutenderezga kafukufuku wa mu chigaŵa ichi; kafukufuku uyu kanandi ukulembeka mu nkhani ya kasandiro (''scientific article''). Kasandiro kathandazgika comene mu caro cha sono mwakuti kukukhumbikwa kumanyisha ŵanthu ŵanandi ivyo ŵasandi ŵafikapo, nkhani, na ivyo ŵakukhumba.<ref name="Bush1945">{{cite web |last=Bush |first=Vannevar |date=July 1945 |title=Science the Endless Frontier |url=https://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/nsf50/vbush1945.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107221306/https://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/nsf50/vbush1945.htm |archive-date=7 November 2016 |access-date=4 November 2016 |publisher=National Science Foundation}}</ref> == Filosofi == [[File:Epicycle and deferent.svg|thumb|class=skin-invert-image|Kwa Kuhn, kusazgapo kwa ''epicycles'' mu ''Ptolemaic astronomy'' kukaŵa "kasandiro kakawaleza" (''normal science'') mukati mwa ''paradigm'', apo ''Copernican Revolution'' yikaŵa kusintha kwa ''paradigm''.|alt=Chithunzi cha ''epicycles'', apo pulaneti likuzunguliza mu mzunguliro mukuru]] Pali masukulu ghakupambanapambana gha maghanoghano mu filosofi ya kasandiro (''philosophy of science''). Maghanoghano ghakukondwa comene ni ''empiricism'', agho ghakuti umanyi ukupangika kwizira mu nthowa yakukhwaska kuwona; ukaghanaghani wa kasandiro ukugaŵa ivyo ŵakuwona.<ref name=pGS2003 />{{rp|pp=39–56}} ''Empiricism'' kanandi yikukhwaska ''inductivism'', maghanoghano ghakulongosora umo ukaghanaghani wakuru ungapangikira kufuma ku ukaboni wacoko uwo ulipo. Mitundu yinandi ya ''empiricism'' yilipo, ndipo iyo yikumanyikwa comene ni ''Bayesianism'' na ''hypothetico-deductive method''.<ref name=pGS2003 />{{rp|pp=219–232}} ''Empiricism'' yikaŵa yakukangana na ''rationalism'', maghanoghano agho pakwamba ghakaŵa ghakukhwaskana na Descartes, agho ghakuti umanyi ukupangika na mano gha munthu, m'malo mwa kuwona.<ref name=pGS2003 >{{cite book |last=Godfrey-Smith |first=Peter |url=https://archive.org/details/theoryrealityint00godf |title=Theory and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science |publisher=University of Chicago |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-226-30062-7 }}</ref>{{rp|pp=19–38}} ''Critical rationalism'' ni nthowa yakukangana ya zana la myaka la 20 pa kasandiro, iyo yikalongosoreka pakwamba na msambiri wa ku Austria na Britain, Karl Popper. Popper wakakana umo ''empiricism'' yikulongosolera ubwezi pakati pa ukaghanaghani na kuwona. Wakati ukaghanaghani ukupangika na kuwona yayi, kweni kuti kuwona kukupangika mwakuyana na ukaghanaghani, ndipo nthowa yimoza pera iyo ukaghanaghani A ungakhwaskikira na kuwona ni para ukaghanaghani A wasuskana na kuwona, kweni ukaghanaghani B wapona pa ivyo vikuwoneka.<ref name=pGS2003/>{{rp|pp=57–74}} Popper wakalongosora kuti ''falsifiability'' iŵikike m'malo mwa ''verifiability'' nga ni chimanyikwiro cha ukaghanaghani wa kasandiro, na ''falsification'' m'malo mwa ''induction'' nga ni nthowa ya ukaboni.<ref name=pGS2003 />{{rp|pp=102–121}} Popper wakasazgirapo kuti pali nadi nthowa yimoza pera ya caro cose, iyo yikukhwaskana na kasandiro yayi: nthowa ya kukanira, kuyezga na kuphonya (''trial and error''),<ref name=pGS2003 />{{rp|pp=102–121}} iyo yikukhwaska vyose ivyo vikufuma mu mano gha munthu, kusazgapo kasandiro, masamu, filosofi, na luso.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Popper |first=Karl |title=Objective Knowledge |year=1972}}</ref> Nthowa yinyake, ''instrumentalism'', yikudidimizga phindu la ukaghanaghani nga ni vipangizo vyakulongosolera na kuvikira vyakuwoneka. Yikuwona ukaghanaghani wa kasandiro nga ni mabokosi ghafipa, ndipo ivyo vikunjilirapo pera (mikhaliro yakwamba) na ivyo vikufumamo (vyakuvikira) ndivyo vikukhumbikwa. Vyakumalizira, vinthu vya ukaghanaghani, na ukhazikiko wa maghanoghano vikuyowoyeka kuti vikwenera kulekeka.<ref>{{cite book |last=Newton-Smith |first=W. H. |url=https://archive.org/details/rationalityofsci0000newt |title=The Rationality of Science |publisher=Routledge |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-7100-0913-5 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/rationalityofsci0000newt/page/30 30] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Pafupi na ''instrumentalism'' pali ''constructive empiricism'', iyo yikuti chimanyikwiro chikuru cha kupambana kwa ukaghanaghani wa kasandiro ni usange ivyo ukuyowoya pa vinthu vyakuwoneka ni vyanenesko.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Votsis |first=I. |year=2004 |title=The Epistemological Status of Scientific Theories: An Investigation of the Structural Realist Account |publisher=University of London, London School of Economics |degree=PhD |page=39}}</ref> Thomas Kuhn wakayowoya kuti nthowa ya kuwona na kupima yikucitika mu ''paradigm'', "chithunzi" cha caro icho chikuyana na ivyo vikuwoneka kufuma mu chikopa chake. Wakalongosora ''normal science'' nga ni nthowa ya kuwona na "kuthana masuzgo gha ''puzzle''" iyo yikucitika mu ''paradigm'', apo ''revolutionary science'' yikucitika para ''paradigm'' yimoza yikupambana yinyake mu ''paradigm shift''.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Bird |first=Alexander |year=2013 |editor1-last=Zalta |editor1-first=Edward N. |title=Thomas Kuhn |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2013/entries/thomas-kuhn/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715191833/https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2013/entries/thomas-kuhn/ |archive-date=15 July 2020 |access-date=26 October 2015 |encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> ''Paradigm'' iliyose yili na mafumbo, vilato, na ng'anamuro ghake. Kusankha pakati pa ma ''paradigm'' kukukhwaska kuŵika "vithunzi" viŵiri panji vinandi pa caro na kusankha kuti ni cithunzi wuli icho chikuyana comene. ''Paradigm shift'' yikucitika para vinthu vinandi vya kuwona vyambura kuyana vikusangika mu ''paradigm'' yakale, ndipo ''paradigm'' yapya yikuvilongosora. Ntheura, kusankha ''paradigm'' yapya kukuthemba pa kuwona, nangauli kuwona uku kukucitika mu ukhaliro wa ''paradigm'' yakale. Kwa Kuhn, kuzomera panji kukana ''paradigm'' ni nthowa ya ŵanthu nga umo vikuŵira na nthowa ya maghanoghano. Kweni, maghanoghano gha Kuhn ghali ''relativism'' yayi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kuhn |first=Thomas S. |url=https://philpapers.org/rec/KUHTSO-2 |title=The Structure of Scientific Revolutions |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1970 |isbn=978-0-226-45804-5 |edition=2nd |page=206 |access-date=30 May 2022 |archive-date=19 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019102817/https://philpapers.org/rec/KUHTSO-2 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nthowa yinyake iyo kanandi yikuyowoyeka mu kukangana kwa kuwona kwa kasandiro (''scientific scepticism'') kuwukira magulu ghakukangana nga ni "''creation science''" ni ''methodological naturalism''. Ŵanaturalisti ŵakuti kupambana kukwenera kupangika pakati pa cakawiro na cakuzuwa, ndipo kasandiro kakwenera kuŵa na vyakulongosora vya kawiro pera.<ref name=pGS2003 />{{rp|pp=149–162}} ''Methodological naturalism'' yikuti kasandiro kakukhumba kuyimilira makora pa kusanda kwa ukaboni na kukhozgeka kwakujiyimirira.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Brugger |first=E. Christian |year=2004 |title=Casebeer, William D. Natural Ethical Facts: Evolution, Connectionism, and Moral Cognition |journal=The Review of Metaphysics |volume=58 |issue=2}}</ref> Fumbo limoza la filosofi ya kasandiro ni umo ukaboni na ukaghanaghani wa kasandiro ungalongozgera ku visankho. Nga umo ''is-ought problem'' yikulongosolera, vyanenesko vyekha vingasankha yayi ivyo vikwenera kuŵa. Ici cikukhwaska maghanoghano gha ''value-ladenness'': umo visankho ivyo vikupangika pa ivyo kasandiro kasanga vikuthemba pa mtengo wa vinthu.<ref>{{Citation |last=Ward |first=Zina B. |chapter=What Does it Mean to say That Science is Value-Laden? |date=2026-03-10 |title=The Routledge Handbook of Values and Science |pages=74–83 |chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003469100/chapters/10.4324/9781003469100-8 |access-date=2026-03-23 |edition= |place=New York |publisher=Routledge |language=en |doi=10.4324/9781003469100-8 |isbn=978-1-003-46910-0}}</ref> == Gulu la ŵasandi == Gulu la ŵasandi (''scientific community'') ni mtolo wa ŵasandi awo ŵakukolerana ndipo ŵakucita kafukufuku wa kasandiro. Gulu ili lili na magulu ghachokoghachoko agho ghakugwira ntchito mu vigaŵa vya kasandiro. Kwizira mu ''peer review'', kukambirana na kukangana mu ma ''journal'' na mu ma ''conference'', ŵasandi ŵakusunga ukwenere wa nthowa za kafukufuku na kuŵa ŵambura kupendelera para ŵakulongosora vyakuyezgeka.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kornfeld |first1=W. |last2=Hewitt |first2=C. E. |year=1981 |title=The Scientific Community Metaphor |url=http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/5693/AIM-641.pdf?sequence=2 |journal=IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=24–33 |doi=10.1109/TSMC.1981.4308575 |bibcode=1981ITSMC..11...24K |hdl-access=free |hdl=1721.1/5693 |s2cid=1322857 |access-date=26 May 2022 |archive-date=8 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408100757/http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/5693/AIM-641.pdf?sequence=2 |url-status=live}}</ref> === Ŵasandi === [[File:Marie Curie c. 1920s.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|Marie Curie wakaŵa munthu wakwamba kupokera Mphoto ziŵiri za Nobel: ''Physics'' mu 1903 na kemistri mu 1911.<ref name="Estreicher1938" />|alt=Chithunzi cha mwanakazi wa vyaka vyapakati]] Ŵasandi (''scientists'') ni ŵanthu awo ŵakucita kafukufuku wa kasandiro kuti ŵakuzge umanyi mu chigaŵa icho ŵakukhumba.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eowilsonfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/the-big-read-eusocial-climbers.pdf |title=Eusocial climbers |publisher=E. O. Wilson Foundation |access-date=3 September 2018 |quote=But he's not a scientist, he's never done scientific research. My definition of a scientist is that you can complete the following sentence: 'he or she has shown that...'," Wilson says. |archive-date=27 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427085753/https://eowilsonfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/the-big-read-eusocial-climbers.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://sciencecouncil.org/about-science/our-definition-of-a-scientist/ |title=Our definition of a scientist |publisher=Science Council |access-date=7 September 2018 |quote=A scientist is someone who systematically gathers and uses research and evidence, making a hypothesis and testing it, to gain and share understanding and knowledge. |archive-date=23 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823135636/https://sciencecouncil.org/about-science/our-definition-of-a-scientist/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Ŵasandi ŵangalongora kukhumba comene kumanya caro chenichenicho na khumbo lakugwiriskira ntchito umanyi wa kasandiro ku phindu la umoyo wa ŵanthu, fuko, kawiro, panji ma fakitale; vyakukhumba vinyake ni kumanyikwa na ŵasandi ŵanyawo na ulemu.<ref name=leeEtal2007/> Mu nyengo za sono, ŵasandi ŵanandi ŵakusambira mu vigaŵa vyapadera vya kasandiro mu malo gha masambiro, kanandi ŵakupokera ma ''degree'' gha pachanya.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cyranoski |first1=David |last2=Gilbert |first2=Natasha |last3=Ledford |first3=Heidi |last4=Nayar |first4=Anjali |author4-link=Anjali Nayar |last5=Yahia |first5=Mohammed |year=2011 |title=Education: The PhD factory |journal=Nature |volume=472 |issue=7343 |pages=276–279 |doi=10.1038/472276a |pmid=21512548 |bibcode=2011Natur.472..276C |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ŵasandi ŵanandi ŵakulondezga ntchito mu vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana nga ni masambiro, mafakitale, boma, na mabungwe ghambura kusanga phindu.<ref name=kwok2017>{{cite journal |last1=Kwok |first1=Roberta |title=Flexible working: Science in the gig economy |journal=Nature |volume=550 |pages=419–421 |doi=10.1038/nj7677-549a |year=2017 |issue=7677 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=woolston2024 >{{cite journal |year=2024 |title=How researchers in remote regions handle the isolation |journal=Nature |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-01523-5 |last1=Woolston |first1=Chris |volume=629 |issue=8014 |pages=1193–1195 |doi=10.1038/d41586-024-01523-5 |pmid=38789626 |bibcode=2024Natur.629.1193W |archive-date=13 June 2024 |access-date=27 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613002615/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-01523-5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=leeEtal2007>{{cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Adrian |last2=Dennis |first2=Carina |last3=Campbell |first3=Phillip |year=2007 |title=Nature's guide for mentors |journal=Nature |volume=447 |issue=7677 |pages=791–797 |doi=10.1038/447791a |doi-access=free |pmid=17568738 |bibcode=2007Natur.447..791L }}</ref> Kasandiro kali na mbiri yakuŵa ka ŵanalume comene, kweni pali ŵakuwonekera. Ŵanakazi ŵasuzgika comene mu kasandiro kufuma kale. Mwachiyelezgero, kanandi ŵanakazi ŵakajumphikanga pa mwaŵi wa ntchito ndipo ŵakakanizgika ulemu wa ntchito yawo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Whaley |first=Leigh Ann |title=Women's History as Scientists |location=Santa Barbara, CA |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2003}}</ref> Ivyo ŵanakazi ŵasanga mu kasandiro vikulongosoreka nga ni kukana ntchito yawo yakale ya kuŵa ŵantchito mu nyumba.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Spanier |first=Bonnie |title=Im/partial Science: Gender Identity in Molecular Biology |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-253-20968-9 |chapter=From Molecules to Brains, Normal Science Supports Sexist Beliefs about Difference}}</ref> Sonosono apa kusankhana ŵanalume kwawonekeka mu vigaŵa vinyake vya gulu la ŵasandi.<ref name="l841">{{cite journal | last=Desposato | first=Scott W. | title=Where You Go, What You Do, Who You Are: Predictors of Political Science Job-Market Outcomes, 2023–2024 | journal=PS: Political Science & Politics | volume=59 | issue=4 | date=2026 | issn=1049-0965 | doi=10.1017/S1049096526102182 | pages=667–683 | url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1049096526102182/type/journal_article | access-date=2026-09-15}}</ref><ref name="m735">{{cite journal | last1=Gërxhani | first1=Klarita | last2=Kulic | first2=Nevena | last3=Rusconi | first3=Alessandra | last4=Solga | first4=Heike | title=Gender bias in evaluating assistant professorship applicants? Evidence from harmonized survey experiments in Germany and Italy | journal=Social Science Research | volume=126 | date=2025 | doi=10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103113 | doi-access=free | article-number=103113 | pmid=39909620 | hdl=1871.1/50358537-4ba1-49ee-aab3-29cef8e950ce | hdl-access=free }}</ref> === Mabungwe gha ŵasambiri === [[File:200 y Anniversary of Berlin Academy 1900.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Ŵasandi pa chikumbusko cha vyaka 200 vya ''Prussian Academy of Sciences'', 1900]] Mabungwe gha ŵasambiri (''learned societies'') gha kumanyisha na kukuzga maghanoghano na kuyezgayezga kwa kasandiro ghaliko kufuma mu nyengo ya ''Renaissance''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Parrott |first=Jim |date=9 August 2007 |url=http://www.scholarly-societies.org/1599andearlier.html |title=Chronicle for Societies Founded from 1323 to 1599 |publisher=Scholarly Societies Project |access-date=11 September 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106185404/http://www.scholarly-societies.org/1599andearlier.html |archive-date=6 January 2014}}</ref> Ŵasandi ŵanandi ŵali mu bungwe la ŵasambiri ilo likukuzga chigaŵa chawo cha kasandiro, ntchito, panji gulu la vigaŵa vyakukhwaskana.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.esac.ca/about/what-is-a-learned-society/ |title=The Environmental Studies Association of Canada – What is a Learned Society? |access-date=10 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529163615/http://www.esac.ca/about/what-is-a-learned-society/ |archive-date=29 May 2013}}</ref> Umembala ungaŵa wakujulika kwa wose, kukhumbikwira ma ''credential'' gha kasandiro, panji kupelekeka kwizira mu kusankhika.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britishcouncil.org/science-uk-organisations-learned-societies.htm |title=Learned societies & academies |access-date=10 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603140851/http://www.britishcouncil.org/science-uk-organisations-learned-societies.htm |archive-date=3 June 2014}}</ref> Mabungwe ghanandi gha kasandiro ghambura kusanga phindu,<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2019 |title=Learned Societies, the key to realising an open access future? |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2019/06/24/learned-societies-the-key-to-realising-an-open-access-future/ |access-date=22 January 2023 |website=Impact of Social Sciences |publisher=London School of Economics |archive-date=5 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205140831/https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2019/06/24/learned-societies-the-key-to-realising-an-open-access-future/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ndipo ghanandi ni mabungwe gha ŵantchito. Ntchito zawo kanandi zikukhwaska kucita ma ''conference'' ghakuyendera nyengo kuti ŵalongosore na kukambirana vyakuyezgeka vyapya vya kafukufuku, na kutenderezga panji kuwovwira ma ''academic journal'' mu chigaŵa chawo. Mabungwe ghanyake ghakugwira nga ni mathupi gha ŵantchito, ghakulongolera ntchito za ŵembala ŵawo ku phindu la ŵanthu wose, panji phindu la ŵembala wose. Kuŵa kwa kasandiro nga ni ntchito yakukhazikika, uko kukayamba mu zana la myaka la 19, kukawovwirika na kupangika kwa ma ''academy'' gha fuko gha kasandiro, nga ni ''Accademia dei Lincei'' ya ku Italy mu 1603,<ref>{{cite web |year=2006 |url=http://positivamente.lincei.it/ |title=Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei |language=it |access-date=11 September 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100228005402/http://positivamente.lincei.it/ |archive-date=28 February 2010}}</ref> ''Royal Society'' ya ku Britain mu 1660,<ref>{{cite web |date=7 July 2004 |title=Prince of Wales opens Royal Society's refurbished building |url=http://royalsociety.org/News.aspx?id=973&terms=prince+of+wales |access-date=7 December 2009 |publisher=The Royal Society |archive-date=9 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409010143/https://royalsociety.org/News.aspx?id=973&terms=prince+of+wales |url-status=live}}</ref> ''French Academy of Sciences'' mu 1666,<ref>{{cite web |first=G. G. |last=Meynell |url=http://www.haven.u-net.com/6text_7B2.htm#Appendix%202 |title=The French Academy of Sciences, 1666–91: A reassessment of the French Académie royale des sciences under Colbert (1666–83) and Louvois (1683–91) |access-date=13 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118174108/http://www.haven.u-net.com/6text_7B2.htm#Appendix%202 |archive-date=18 January 2012}}</ref> ''National Academy of Sciences'' ya ku America mu 1863,<ref>{{cite web |title=Founding of the National Academy of Sciences |url=http://www7.nationalacademies.org/archives/nasfounding.html |access-date=12 March 2012 |publisher=.nationalacademies.org |archive-date=3 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203154802/http://www7.nationalacademies.org/archives/nasfounding.html |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Kaiser Wilhelm Society'' ya ku Germany mu 1911,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The founding of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society (1911) |url=https://www.mpg.de/946619/5_event2-1911 |access-date=30 May 2022 |publisher=Max-Planck-Gesellschaft |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302052520/https://www.mpg.de/946619/5_event2-1911 |url-status=live}}</ref> na ''Chinese Academy of Sciences'' mu 1949.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Introduction |url=https://english.cas.cn/about_us/introduction/201501/t20150114_135284.shtml |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=Chinese Academy of Sciences |archive-date=31 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331215338/https://english.cas.cn/about_us/introduction/201501/t20150114_135284.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref> Mabungwe gha caro cose gha kasandiro, nga ni ''International Science Council'', ghakujipeleka ku kugwirizgana pakati pa vyaru kuti kasandiro kakule.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2018 |title=Two main Science Councils merge to address complex global challenges |url=https://en.unesco.org/news/two-main-science-councils-merge-address-complex-global-challenges |access-date=21 October 2018 |publisher=UNESCO |archive-date=12 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712044005/https://en.unesco.org/news/two-main-science-councils-merge-address-complex-global-challenges |url-status=live}}</ref> === Mphoto === Mphoto za kasandiro kanandi zikupelekeka ku ŵanthu panji mabungwe agho ghawovwira comene pa chigaŵa chinyake. Kanandi zikupelekeka na mabungwe ghakumanyikwa; ntheura, kupokera mphoto kukuwonekwa nga ni ulemu ukuru comene ku msandi. Kufuma kwambere kwa ''Renaissance'', ŵasandi kanandi ŵakapokera ma ''medal'', ndalama, na mazina gha ulemu. Mphoto ya Nobel (''Nobel Prize''), iyo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuwona kuti njakuzirwa comene, yikupelekeka chaka chiliconse ku awo ŵafika pa kukula kwa kasandiro mu munkhwala, ''physics'', na kemistri.<ref>{{cite news |last=Stockton |first=Nick |date=7 October 2014 |title=How did the Nobel Prize become the biggest award on Earth? |newspaper=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/2014/10/whats-nobel-prize-become-biggest-award-planet |url-status=live |access-date=3 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619044702/https://www.wired.com/2014/10/whats-nobel-prize-become-biggest-award-planet/ |archive-date=19 June 2019}}</ref> == Kasandiro na ŵanthu == === Ndalama na ndondomeko === [[File:NASA-Budget-Federal.svg|thumb|class=skin-invert-image|upright=1.4|Ndalama za NASA nga ni cigaŵa ca ndalama za boma la United States, zikufika pa 4.4% mu 1966, ndipo zikuchepa pang'ono-pang'ono kufuma apo|alt=wonani mazgu gha chithunzi]] Kuwovwira kasandiro na ndalama kanandi kukucitika mu nthowa yakukangana, apo mapulani gha kafukufuku ghakuyezgeka ndipo agho ghali na ukaboni wawemi pera ghakupokera ndalama. Nthowa izi, izo zikulongozgeka na boma, ma kampani, panji ma ''foundation'', zikugaŵa ndalama zichoko. Ndalama zose za kafukufuku mu vyaru vinandi vyakukula zili pakati pa 1.5% na 3% ya ''GDP''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/49/45/24236156.pdf |title=Main Science and Technology Indicators&nbsp;– 2008-1 |publisher=[[OECD]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215172528/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/49/45/24236156.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2010}}</ref> Mu ''OECD'', pafupifupi magaŵa ghaŵiri pa ghatatu gha kafukufuku na kukuzga mu vigaŵa vya kasandiro na tekinoloji ghakucitika na ma fakitale, ndipo 20% na 10%, mwakuyana, ghakucitika na yunivesite na boma. Cigaŵa ca ndalama za boma mu vigaŵa vinyake ni chikuru, ndipo boma lili na ulongozgi wa kafukufuku wa tusandiro twa ŵanthu na vya cikolo (''humanities''). Mu vyaru vyambura kukula, boma likupereka ndalama zinandi za kafukufuku wawo wa muzu wa kasandiro.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/science-and-technology/oecd-science-technology-and-industry-scoreboard-2015_sti_scoreboard-2015-en |title=OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2015: Innovation for growth and society |publisher=OECD |year=2015 |isbn=978-92-64-23978-4 |page=156 |doi=10.1787/sti_scoreboard-2015-en |via=oecd-ilibrary.org |access-date=28 May 2022 |archive-date=25 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525063455/https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/science-and-technology/oecd-science-technology-and-industry-scoreboard-2015_sti_scoreboard-2015-en |url-status=live}}</ref> Maboma ghanandi ghali na mabungwe ghakuwovwira kafukufuku wa kasandiro, nga ni ''National Science Foundation'' ku United States,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Kevles |first=Daniel |year=1977 |title=The National Science Foundation and the Debate over Postwar Research Policy, 1942–1945 |journal=Isis |volume=68 |issue=241 |pages=4–26 |doi=10.1086/351711 |pmid=320157 |s2cid=32956693}}</ref> ''National Scientific and Technical Research Council'' ku Argentina,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Argentina, National Scientific and Technological Research Council (CONICET) |url=https://council.science/member/argentina-national-scientific-and-technological-research-council-conicet/ |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=International Science Council |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516220311/https://council.science/member/argentina-national-scientific-and-technological-research-council-conicet/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation'' ku Australia,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Innis |first=Michelle |date=17 May 2016 |title=Australia to Lay Off Leading Scientist on Sea Levels |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/18/world/australia/australia-to-lay-off-leading-scientist-on-sea-levels.html |url-status=live |url-access=limited |access-date=31 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507080237/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/18/world/australia/australia-to-lay-off-leading-scientist-on-sea-levels.html |archive-date=7 May 2021 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ''National Centre for Scientific Research'' ku France,<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2021 |title=Le CNRS recherche 10.000 passionnés du blob |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/le-cnrs-recherche-10-000-passionnes-du-blob-20211020 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=[[Le Figaro]] |language=fr |archive-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427225305/https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/le-cnrs-recherche-10-000-passionnes-du-blob-20211020 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Max Planck Society'' ku Germany,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bredow |first=Rafaela von |date=18 December 2021 |title=How a Prestigious Scientific Organization Came Under Suspicion of Treating Women Unequally |work=Der Spiegel |url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/how-a-prestigious-scientific-organization-came-under-suspicion-of-treating-women-unequally-a-96da63b5-19af-4fde-b044-445f9cfd6159 |access-date=31 May 2022 |issn=2195-1349 |archive-date=29 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529004707/https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/how-a-prestigious-scientific-organization-came-under-suspicion-of-treating-women-unequally-a-96da63b5-19af-4fde-b044-445f9cfd6159 |url-status=live}}</ref> na ''National Research Council'' ku Spain.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2022 |title=En espera de una "revolucionaria" noticia sobre Sagitario A*, el agujero negro supermasivo en el corazón de nuestra galaxia |url=https://www.elmundo.es/ciencia-y-salud/ciencia/2022/05/12/627cca26fdddff17068b4590.html |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=EL MUNDO |language=es |archive-date=13 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513185034/https://www.elmundo.es/ciencia-y-salud/ciencia/2022/05/12/627cca26fdddff17068b4590.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kafukufuku na kukuzga wa ma kampani, ma kampani ghose kweka agho ghakulingalira comene kafukufuku ghakulingalira comene nthowa zakusanga phindu la pafupi kuluska kafukufuku uwo ukulongozgeka na kukhumba kumanya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fletcher |first1=Anthony C. |last2=Bourne |first2=Philip E. |date=27 September 2012 |title=Ten Simple Rules To Commercialize Scientific Research |journal=PLOS Computational Biology |volume=8 |issue=9 |article-number=e1002712 |doi=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002712 |issn=1553-734X |pmc=3459878 |pmid=23028299 |bibcode=2012PLSCB...8E2712F |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ndondomeko za kasandiro (''science policy'') zikukwata ndondomeko izo zikukhwima kucitika kwa ntchito ya kasandiro, kusazgapo ndalama za kafukufuku, kanandi kuti zifikire vilato vinyake vya fuko nga ni kupanga vinthu vyapya vya tekinoloji kuti ziwovwire kupanga vinthu vya malonda, kupanga vilwero, umoyo, na kusunga kawiro. Nyengo zinyake ndondomeko za kasandiro zikung'anamura kugwiriskira ntchito umanyi wa kasandiro na kuyanirana mu kupanga ndondomeko za ŵanthu wose. Pakuti ndondomeko za ŵanthu wose zikulingalira umoyo wawemi wa ŵanthu ŵa fuko, cilato ca ndondomeko za kasandiro ni kuwona umo kasandiro na tekinoloji zingawovwirira ŵanthu mwawemi comene.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marburger |first=John Harmen III |title=Science policy up close |date=10 February 2015 |others=Crease, Robert P. |isbn=978-0-674-41709-0 |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Harvard University Press}}</ref> Ndondomeko za ŵanthu wose zingakhwaska mwakuwonekera ndalama za vipangizo na vyakuzenga vya maghanoghano vya kafukufuku wa ma fakitale mwakupereka vyakuvwira vya msonkho ku mabungwe agho ghakuwovwira kafukufuku.<ref name="Bush1945" /> === Chisambizo na kumanya === [[File:Dinosaur exhibit - Houston Museum of Natural Science - DSC01881.JPG|thumb|upright=1.13|Chakulongora cha ''dinosaur'' mu ''Houston Museum of Natural Science'']] Chisambizo cha kasandiro cha ŵanthu wose chili mu ''curriculum'' ya vikolo, ndipo chikuwovwirika na vyakusambizga vya pa intaneti (nga ni YouTube na Khan Academy), malo gha vyakale (museums), na magazini na ma ''blog'' gha kasandiro. Mabungwe ghakuru gha ŵasandi nga ni ''American Association for the Advancement of Science'' (AAAS) ghakuwona tusandiro nga ni chigaŵa cha ''liberal arts'' ya kusambira, pamoza na filosofi na mbiri.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gauch |first1=Hugh G. |title=Scientific Method in Brief |year=2012 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-1-107-66672-6 |pages=7–10}}</ref> Kumanya kasandiro (''scientific literacy'') kukukhwaska comene kumanya nthowa ya kasandiro, ma ''unit'' na nthowa za kupima, ''empiricism'', kumanya kwa muzu kwa ''statistics'' (''correlations'', kuwona kwa ''qualitative'' na ''quantitative'', ''aggregate statistics''), na kumanya kwa muzu kwa vigaŵa vikuru vya kasandiro nga ni ''physics'', kemistri, ''biology'', ''ecology'', ''geology'', na kompyuta. Apo msambiri wakukura pa magawo gha pachanya gha chisambizo, ''curriculum'' yikuŵa yakuzamirika. Vyakusambira vyakale vyakukhwimika mu ''curriculum'' ni tusandiro twa kawiro na twa dango, nangauli kusintha kwa sono kukukhwaska tusandiro twa ŵanthu na twa kugwiriskira ntchito.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Benneworth |first1=Paul |last2=Jongbloed |first2=Ben W. |date=31 July 2009 |title=Who matters to universities? A stakeholder perspective on humanities, arts and social sciences valorisation |journal=Higher Education |volume=59 |issue=5 |pages=567–588 |doi=10.1007/s10734-009-9265-2 |issn=0018-1560 |doi-access=free |url=https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/47901538/Benneworth2010Who.pdf |access-date=16 August 2023 |archive-date=24 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024214150/https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/47901538/Benneworth2010Who.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Ma ''mass media'' ghali na masuzgo agho ghangaleka kulongora makora vyakukangana vya kasandiro mu ukaboni wawo mu gulu lose la ŵasandi. Kusankha kuti ni kuzito wuli wakupereka ku mbali zakupambana pa kukangana kwa kasandiro kungakhumba umanyi wanandi pa nkhani yeniyo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dickson |first=David |date=11 October 2004 |title=Science journalism must keep a critical edge |url=http://www.scidev.net/en/editorials/science-journalism-must-keep-a-critical-edge.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621053624/http://www.scidev.net/en/editorials/science-journalism-must-keep-a-critical-edge.html |archive-date=21 June 2010 |publisher=Science and Development Network}}</ref> Ŵalemba nkhani ŵachoko ŵali na umanyi wanenesko wa kasandiro, ndipo ŵalemba nkhani awo ŵakumanya makora vya nkhani zinyake za kasandiro ŵangaŵa ŵambura kumanya nkhani zinyake izo ŵakukhumbikwa kulemba mwaluŵiro.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Mooney |first=Chris |date=Nov–Dec 2004 |title=Blinded By Science, How 'Balanced' Coverage Lets the Scientific Fringe Hijack Reality |url=http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/intersection/2010/01/15/blinded-by-science-how-balanced-coverage-lets-the-scientific-fringe-hijack-reality/ |url-status=live |magazine=Columbia Journalism Review |volume=43 |issue=4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117181240/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/intersection/2010/01/15/blinded-by-science-how-balanced-coverage-lets-the-scientific-fringe-hijack-reality/ |archive-date=17 January 2010 |access-date=20 February 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=McIlwaine |first1=S. |last2=Nguyen |first2=D. A. |year=2005 |title=Are Journalism Students Equipped to Write About Science? |url=http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:8064 |url-status=live |journal=Australian Studies in Journalism |volume=14 |pages=41–60 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801163322/http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:8064 |archive-date=1 August 2008 |access-date=20 February 2008}}</ref> Magazini gha kasandiro nga ni ''New Scientist'', ''Science & Vie'', na ''Scientific American'' ghakwenerana na ŵawerengi ŵanandi comene ndipo ghakupereka ucidule wambula mazgu gha ukatswiri gha vigaŵa vya kafukufuku vyakukondweka, kusazgapo vyakusangika na kukula mu vigaŵa vinyake.<ref>{{cite journal |author-last=Webb |author-first=Sarah |title=Popular science: Get the word out |journal=Nature |volume=504 |issue=7478 |pages=177–179 |date=December 2013 |pmid=24312943 |doi=10.1038/nj7478-177a |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mtundu wa ''science fiction'', comene ''speculative fiction'', ungatumizga maghanoghano na nthowa za kasandiro ku ŵanthu wose.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilde |first=Fran |author-link=Fran Wilde (author) |date=21 January 2016 |title=How Do You Like Your Science Fiction? Ten Authors Weigh In On 'Hard' vs. 'Soft' SF |url=https://www.tor.com/2016/01/21/how-do-you-like-your-science-fiction-ten-authors-weigh-in-on-hard-vs-soft-sf/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404025029/https://www.tor.com/2016/01/21/how-do-you-like-your-science-fiction-ten-authors-weigh-in-on-hard-vs-soft-sf/ |archive-date=4 April 2019 |access-date=4 April 2019 |website=Tor.com}}</ref> Ntchito za sono gha kukuzga ubwezi pakati pa kasandiro na vigaŵa vyambura kuŵa kasandiro, nga ni mabuku panji ndakatulo, ghakukhwaska ''Creative Writing Science'' iyo yikapangika kwizira mu ''Royal Literary Fund''.<ref>{{cite web |first=Mario |last=Petrucci |url=http://writeideas.org.uk/creativescience/index.htm |title=Creative Writing&nbsp;– Science |access-date=27 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106015539/http://writeideas.org.uk/creativescience/index.htm |archive-date=6 January 2009}}</ref> === Maghanoghano ghakususka kasandiro === Nangauli nthowa ya kasandiro yikuzomerezgeka comene mu gulu la ŵasandi, magulu ghanyake gha ŵanthu ghakukana vyakusankha vinyake vya kasandiro panji ghakukayikiska kasandiro. Nga ni, maghanoghano ghakuti COVID-19 yili kuopsa kukuru yayi ku umoyo ku US (ghakuŵa na 39% ya ŵaAmerica mu August 2021)<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Tyson |first1=Alec |last2=Funk |first2=Cary |last3=Kennedy |first3=Brian |last4=Johnson |first4=Courtney |date=15 September 2021 |title=Majority in U.S. Says Public Health Benefits of COVID-19 Restrictions Worth the Costs, Even as Large Shares Also See Downsides |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2021/09/15/majority-in-u-s-says-public-health-benefits-of-covid-19-restrictions-worth-the-costs-even-as-large-shares-also-see-downsides/ |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=Pew Research Center Science & Society |archive-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809114234/https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2021/09/15/majority-in-u-s-says-public-health-benefits-of-covid-19-restrictions-worth-the-costs-even-as-large-shares-also-see-downsides/ |url-status=live}}</ref> panji cikhulupiro cakuti kusintha kwa nyengo (''climate change'') kuli kuopsa kukuru yayi ku US (cikuŵaso na 40% ya ŵaAmerica, pakumaliza kwa 2019 na kwamba kwa 2020).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kennedy |first=Brian |title=U.S. concern about climate change is rising, but mainly among Democrats |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/04/16/u-s-concern-about-climate-change-is-rising-but-mainly-among-democrats/ |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=Pew Research Center |date=16 April 2020 |archive-date=3 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803101033/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/04/16/u-s-concern-about-climate-change-is-rising-but-mainly-among-democrats/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Ŵasambiri ŵa ''psychology'' ŵalongora vifukwa vinandi vikupangiska kukana vyakuyezgeka vya kasandiro:<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Philipp-Muller |first1=Aviva |last2=Lee |first2=Spike W. S. |last3=Petty |first3=Richard E. |date=26 July 2022 |title=Why are people antiscience, and what can we do about it? |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=119 |issue=30 |article-number=e2120755119 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2120755119 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=9335320 |pmid=35858405 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11920755P}}</ref> * Ŵalongozgi ŵa kasandiro nyengo zinyake ŵakuwonekwa nga ni ŵambura umanyi, ŵambura kugomezgeka, panji ŵakupendelera. * Magulu ghanyake gha ŵanthu ghasuzgika ghali na maghanoghano ghakususka kasandiro, mu mbali cifukwa magulu agha kaŵiri ghakagwiriskika mu kuyezgayezga kwambura ukwenere.<ref>{{cite journal |title=A Test of Three Theories of Anti-Science Attitudes |year=2008 |doi=10.1080/00380237.2008.10571338 |last1=Gauchat |first1=Gordon William |journal=Sociological Focus |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=337–357 |s2cid=144645723}}</ref> * Mauthenga gha ŵasandi ghangakangana na vikhulupiro panji milandu yakuŵika makora. Maghanoghano ghakususka kasandiro kanandi ghakuwoneka kuti ghakupangika na mantha gha kukanikwa mu magulu gha ŵanthu. Mwachiyelezgero, kusintha kwa nyengo kukuwonekwa nga ni kuopsa na 22% pera ya ŵaAmerica ŵa mbali ya kumalyero ya ndale, kweni na 85% ya ŵa mbali ya kumazere.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Poushter |first1=Jacob |last2=Fagan |first2=Moira |last3=Gubbala |first3=Sneha |date=31 August 2022 |title=Climate Change Remains Top Global Threat Across 19-Country Survey |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2022/08/31/climate-change-remains-top-global-threat-across-19-country-survey/ |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project |archive-date=31 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831225832/https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2022/08/31/climate-change-remains-top-global-threat-across-19-country-survey/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Ntheura, usange munthu wa kumazere wakuwona kuti kusintha kwa nyengo kuli kuopsa yayi, munthu uyu wangasuzgika na kunyozgeka na kukanikwa mu gulu ilo. Cenicenico, ŵanthu ŵangakana cinenesko ico kasandiro kasikizga kuluska kuluza panji kuvuska cikhazikiko cawo mu gulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McRaney |first=David |title=How Minds Change: The Surprising Science of Belief, Opinion, and Persuasion |publisher=Portfolio/Penguin |year=2022 |isbn=978-0-593-19029-6 |location=New York}}</ref> === Ndale === [[File:2021 Survey on existence of global warming and responsibility for climate change - bar chart.svg|alt=Zakuyezgeka za mafumbo ghaŵiri ("Kodi kutentha kwa caro kukucitika?" na "Kodi ma kampani gha mafuta/gasi ghali na mulandu?"), zikulongora kupambana kukuru pakati pa ŵa Democrat na ŵa Republican ŵa America|thumb|Maghanoghano gha ŵanthu pa kutentha kwa caro ku United States kuyana na chipani cha ndale<ref>{{cite news |last1=McGreal |first1=Chris |date=26 October 2021 |title=Revealed: 60% of Americans say oil firms are to blame for the climate crisis |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/26/climate-change-poll-oil-gas-companies-environment |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026122356/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/26/climate-change-poll-oil-gas-companies-environment |archive-date=26 October 2021 |quote=Source: Guardian/Vice/CCN/YouGov poll. Note: ±4% margin of error.}}</ref>|upright=1.4]] Maghanoghano gha ŵanthu pa kasandiro kanandi ghakusankhika na maghanoghano na vyakukhumba vya ndale. Boma, ŵamalonda, na magulu ghakuwovwira ghaziŵika kugwiriskira ntchito kukakamizga kwa dango na ndalama kuti ghasinthe ŵafukufuku ŵa kasandiro. Vifukwa vinandi vingaŵa nga ni mbali za kuŵika kasandiro mu ndale, nga ni kukana ŵasambiri (''anti-intellectualism''), kuopa kuti vikhulupiro vya cisopo vingapusikizgika, na mantha gha phindu la ma kampani.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Goldberg |first1=Jeanne |year=2017 |title=The Politicization of Scientific Issues: Looking through Galileo's Lens or through the Imaginary Looking Glass |url=https://www.csicop.org/si/show/politicization_of_scientific_issues |journal=[[Skeptical Inquirer]] |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=34–39 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816182350/https://www.csicop.org/si/show/politicization_of_scientific_issues |archive-date=16 August 2018 |access-date=16 August 2018}}</ref> Kuŵika kasandiro mu ndale kanandi kukucitika apo mauthenga gha kasandiro ghakulongosoleka mu nthowa iyo yikugomezga kuti ukaboni wa kasandiro wali na kusasimikizgika.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bolsen |first1=Toby |last2=Druckman |first2=James N. |author2-link=James N. Druckman |year=2015 |title=Counteracting the Politicization of Science |journal=Journal of Communication |issue=65 |page=746}}</ref> Nthowa nga ni kusintha nkhani, kukana kuvisikira vyanenesko, na kugwiriskira ntchito kukayika pa kuyanirana kwa ŵasandi zagwiriskika kuti ziwonjezge kutchera khutu ku maghanoghano agho ukaboni wa kasandiro wagakana.<ref name="Freudenberg2008">{{cite journal |last1=Freudenberg |first1=William F. |last2=Gramling |first2=Robert |last3=Davidson |first3=Debra J. |year=2008 |title=Scientific Certainty Argumentation Methods (SCAMs): Science and the Politics of Doubt |url=http://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/students/envs_5720/freudenberg_etal_2008.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Sociological Inquiry |volume=78 |issue=1 |pages=2–38 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-682X.2008.00219.x |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126214329/http://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/students/envs_5720/freudenberg_etal_2008.pdf |archive-date=26 November 2020 |access-date=12 April 2020 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Vyakucitika ivyo vikukhwaska kuŵika kasandiro mu ndale vikukhwaska kukangana pa kutentha kwa caro, vyakuopsa vya umoyo vya mankhwala gha kupha tuvinyama, na vyakuopsa vya umoyo vya fodya.<ref name="Freudenberg2008" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=van der Linden |first1=Sander |last2=Leiserowitz |first2=Anthony |last3=Rosenthal |first3=Seth |last4=Maibach |first4=Edward |year=2017 |title=Inoculating the Public against Misinformation about Climate Change |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/270860/1/global%20challenges.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Global Challenges |volume=1 |issue=2 |page=1 |doi=10.1002/gch2.201600008 |doi-access=free |pmc=6607159 |pmid=31565263 |bibcode=2017GloCh...100008V |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404185312/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/270860/global%20challenges.pdf?sequence=1 |archive-date=4 April 2020 |access-date=25 August 2019}}</ref> === Masuzgo === ''Replication crisis'' ni suzgo likuru ilo likuphatika mbali zinyake za kasandiro, apo vyakuyezgeka vya cigaŵa ca kafukufuku vyalongora kuti vyambura kubwerezgeka.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1038/515009a |title=Metascience could rescue the 'replication crisis' |journal=Nature |volume=515 |issue=7525 |page=9 |year=2014 |last1=Schooler |first1=J. W. |pmid=25373639 |bibcode=2014Natur.515....9S |doi-access=free}}</ref> Suzgo ili lili na mizu ya kale; lizgu ili likapangika kwamba kwa 2010 nga ni mbali ya kumanya suzgo ili kukura.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1177/1745691612465253 |title=Editors' Introduction to the Special Section on Replicability in Psychological Science: A Crisis of Confidence? |journal=Perspectives on Psychological Science |volume=7 |issue=6 |pages=528–530 |year=2012 |last1=Pashler |first1=Harold |last2=Wagenmakers |first2=Eric Jan |pmid=26168108 |s2cid=26361121 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kafukufuku wa kubwerezga wa 2026 wakasanga kuti kubwerezgeka kwa vyakuyezgeka kuli kwacoko mu tusandiro twa ŵanthu na twa makhaliro (business, ''economics'', chisambizo, ''political science'', ''psychology'' na ''sociology'').<ref name="c901">{{cite journal | last1=Tyner | first1=Andrew H. | last2=Abatayo | first2=Anna Lou | last3=Daley | first3=Mason | last4=Field | first4=Samuel | last5=Fox | first5=Nicholas | title=Investigating the replicability of the social and behavioural sciences | journal=Nature | volume=652 | issue=8108 | date=2026-04-01 | issn=0028-0836 | doi=10.1038/s41586-025-10078-y | pages=143–150 |display-authors=1 | pmid=41922700 | bibcode=2026Natur.652..143T | url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/1fa174e4-3f91-489f-aa67-c0cccf90c5ba }}</ref> ''Replication crisis'' yikuŵa chigaŵa chikuru cha kafukufuku mu ''metascience'', iyo yikulingalira kukuzga ukwenere na ukoma wa kafukufuku wa kasandiro na kucepeska kutaya ndalama na ntchito.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ioannidis |first1=John P. A. |last2=Fanelli |first2=Daniele |last3=Dunne |first3=Debbie Drake |last4=Goodman |first4=Steven N. |date=2 October 2015 |title=Meta-research: Evaluation and Improvement of Research Methods and Practices |journal=PLOS Biology |volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=–1002264 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002264 |pmid=26431313 |pmc=4592065 |issn=1545-7885 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kubwerezgeka kwacoko kwa kasandiro kungacepeska kuzomerezgeka kwake.<ref name="f898">{{cite journal | last1=Peels | first1=Rik | last2=Bouter | first2=Lex | title=Replication and trustworthiness | journal=Accountability in Research | volume=30 | issue=2 | date=2023 | issn=0898-9621 | doi=10.1080/08989621.2021.1963708 | pages=77–87 | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08989621.2021.1963708 | access-date=2026-08-20}}</ref> Mazgu ghakuti ''scientific misconduct'' ghakukwata nyengo apo ŵafukufuku ŵali kulongora mwakusankha vyakuyezgeka vyawo vyatenderezgeka mwakubudika panji kupereka ulemu wa cakupanga kwa munthu wakubudika mwakusankha.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Coping with fraud |journal=The COPE Report 1999 |pages=11–18 |url=http://www.publicationethics.org.uk/reports/1999/1999pdf3.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928151119/http://www.publicationethics.org.uk/reports/1999/1999pdf3.pdf |quote=It is 10 years, to the month, since Stephen Lock&nbsp;... Reproduced with kind permission of the Editor, The Lancet. |archive-date=28 September 2007 |url-status=usurped |access-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> Chigaŵa cha kusanda panji kughanaghana icho chikuyeghesa kuŵa kasandiro kuti chisange ulemu uwo chingasange chambura ici, nyengo zinyake chikucemeka ''pseudoscience'', ''fringe science'', panji ''junk science''.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2021/entries/pseudo-science |title=Science and Pseudoscience |at=Section 2: The "science" of pseudoscience |encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |first1=Sven Ove |last1=Hansson |editor-last=Zalta |editor-first=Edward N. |date=3 September 2008 |access-date=28 May 2022 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029205141/https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2021/entries/pseudo-science/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Shermer |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Shermer |year=1997 |title=Why people believe weird things: pseudoscience, superstition, and other confusions of our time |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780965594875 |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=W. H. Freeman & Co. |isbn=978-0-7167-3090-3 |page=17}}</ref> Msandi wa ''physics'' Richard Feynman wakapanga lizgu "''cargo cult science''" ku vyakucitika apo ŵafukufuku ŵakukhulupira, ndipo pakuwona kwa cokha ŵakuwoneka nga ŵakucita kasandiro, kweni ŵambula uneneski wakuleka kuti vyakuyezgeka vyawo vipimike makora.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://neurotheory.columbia.edu/~ken/cargo_cult.html |title=Cargo Cult Science |last=Feynman |first=Richard |year=1974 |website=Center for Theoretical Neuroscience |publisher=Columbia University |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050304032544/http://neurotheory.columbia.edu/~ken/cargo_cult.html |archive-date=4 March 2005 |access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref> Mitundu yakupambanapambana ya malonda gha kutumizga, kufuma pa kudikizga kufikira pa vigeŵa, ingaŵa mu magulu agha. Kasandiro kali kulongosoleka nga ni "cipangizo cikuru comene" ca kupambanisha vyakulongosora vyanenesko na vyambura kuŵa vyanenesko.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Novella |first=Steven |title=The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe: How to Know What's Really Real in a World Increasingly Full of Fake |title-link=The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe (book) |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4736-9641-9 |page=162 |author-link=Steven Novella}}</ref> Nyengo zinyake, kafukufuku ungaŵa wa maghanoghano ghawemi kweni wakusuzga, wakale, wambura kukwana, panji wakulongosora kasandiro mwacoko comene. Ufulu wa cisambizo ungacepeskeka na kuletsa kasandiro kuyendera maboma, mabungwe, ŵasandi ŵanyake, panji kujizizika.<ref name="h812">{{cite journal | last1=Clark | first1=Cory J. | last2=Jussim | first2=Lee | last3=Frey | first3=Komi | last4=Stevens | first4=Sean T. | last5=al-Gharbi | first5=Musa | last6=Aquino | first6=Karl | last7=Bailey | first7=J. Michael | last8=Barbaro | first8=Nicole | last9=Baumeister | first9=Roy F. | last10=Bleske-Rechek | first10=April | last11=Buss | first11=David | last12=Ceci | first12=Stephen | last13=Del Giudice | first13=Marco | last14=Ditto | first14=Peter H. | last15=Forgas | first15=Joseph P. | last16=Geary | first16=David C. | last17=Geher | first17=Glenn | last18=Haider | first18=Sarah | last19=Honeycutt | first19=Nathan | last20=Joshi | first20=Hrishikesh | last21=Krylov | first21=Anna I. | last22=Loftus | first22=Elizabeth | last23=Loury | first23=Glenn | last24=Lu | first24=Louise | last25=Macy | first25=Michael | last26=Martin | first26=Chris C. | last27=McWhorter | first27=John | last28=Miller | first28=Geoffrey | last29=Paresky | first29=Pamela | last30=Pinker | first30=Steven | last31=Reilly | first31=Wilfred | last32=Salmon | first32=Catherine | last33=Stewart-Williams | first33=Steve | last34=Tetlock | first34=Philip E. | last35=Williams | first35=Wendy M. | last36=Wilson | first36=Anne E. | last37=Winegard | first37=Bo M. | last38=Yancey | first38=George | last39=von Hippel | first39=William | title=Prosocial motives underlie scientific censorship by scientists: A perspective and research agenda | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume=120 | issue=48 | date=2023 | issn=0027-8424 | doi=10.1073/pnas.2301642120 | article-number=e2301642120 | doi-access=free | pmid=37983511 | pmc=10691350 | bibcode=2023PNAS..12001642C }}</ref> Ŵasandi ŵanyake ŵasangika kuti ŵakukhizga kuletsa kasandiro na kuleka kuvulaza.<ref name="h812"/> Kungaŵaso ukondelero wa ndale panji ukondelero wa maghanoghano mu kasandiro. Ŵasandi mu vyaru vinyake ŵasangika kuti ŵali na ukondelero mu kusankha vipani vya ndale kuluska ŵanthu wose.<ref name="y499">{{cite journal | last1=Duarte | first1=José L. | last2=Crawford | first2=Jarret T. | last3=Stern | first3=Charlotta | last4=Haidt | first4=Jonathan | last5=Jussim | first5=Lee | last6=Tetlock | first6=Philip E. | title=Political diversity will improve social psychological science | journal=Behavioral and Brain Sciences | volume=38 | date=2015 | issn=0140-525X | doi=10.1017/S0140525X14000430 | url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0140525X14000430/type/journal_article | access-date=2026-02-12 | article-number=e130 | pmid=25036715 }}</ref> Ukondelero wa ndale wa chigaŵa cha kasandiro ungasintha ndipo ungalongosoleka na kukhwimana kwa chigaŵa na kawiro kake na ukondelero wa kujisankhira.<ref name="d253">{{cite journal | last=Manzi | first=James | title=The ideological orientation of academic social science research 1960–2024 | journal=Theory and Society | volume=55 | issue=2 | date=2026 | issn=0304-2421 | doi=10.1007/s11186-026-09690-2 | url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11186-026-09690-2 | access-date=2026-07-01 | article-number=25 }}</ref> Kulimbikira kwa kasandiro uko kukuphatikizgika na kuwovwira ndale kungacepeska kuzomerezgeka kwa kasandiro.<ref name="h639">{{cite journal | last1=Kallergi | first1=Amalia | last2=Landeweerd | first2=Laurens | title=Science, Activism, and Climate Action: Navigating Credibility, Responsibility, and Engagement | journal=[[Journal of Academic Ethics]] | volume=23 | issue=4 | date=2025 | issn=1570-1727 | doi=10.1007/s10805-025-09626-y | pages=1759–1779 | url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10805-025-09626-y | access-date=2026-06-24}}</ref> == Wonaninso == * ''List of scientific occupations'' * ''List of years in science'' == Zindikiro == {{notelist}} == Vyakusazgirapo == {{Reflist}} == Maulalo gha kunja == * Lizgu ''science'' mu Wiktionary [[Category:Kasandiro| ]] rlqqm2jd44jxkw4gu8ky1do2equwhsa 0 46862 123343 112506 2026-10-29T21:24:35Z InternetArchiveBot 6449 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 123343 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Stripped-computer-case.JPG|alt=Chikwa cha mrangura chambura kanthu|thumb|330x330px|Chikwa cha mrangura chambura kanthu]] '''Nkhorombe ya mrangura''' panji '''Chikwa cha mrangura''', ndicho chipinda. Chipinda icho chili na vipangizo vinandi vya mrangura ya munthu payekha. Vigaŵa ivyo vili mukati mwa chikwama ichi, nga ni [[Central processing unit|CPU]], [[motherboard]], [[computer memory|memory]], vipangizo vyakusungirako memory, chigaŵa cha magesi, na [[expansion card|makadi ghakusazgirako]], vikuchemeka kuti [[computer hardware|hardware internal]]. Vinthu ivyo vikulumikizgika kuwaro kwa chikwama—nga ni [[computer monitor|monita]], [[computer speaker|ma speaker]], [[keyboard|kiyibodi]], [[computer mouse|mbeŵa]], na [[USB flash drive|ma USB-drive]] vikumanyikwa kuti ni [[computer hardware|vyakusazgikira]]. [[Computer case|Makesi gha pa mrangura]] ghakumanyikwa ghakujalirika chomene. Ŵali na mabowo ghachokoghachoko ghakuti mphepo yinjiremo. Ŵali na malo ghakujulirapo [[plug|mapulagi]]. Ŵali na malo ghakujulirapo ghakufumiskikapo gha [[media drive|media-drive]]. Kanandi furemu iyi yikupangika na visulo vyakukhozga. Vitsulo nga ni chisulo panji aluminiyamu. Iwo ŵakusazgapo malo ghakuŵikapo vigaŵa vya mukati. Vigaŵa vya mukati nga ni [[computer fan|mafani]], panji vyakuzizimiska. [[Computer case|Mapanelo gha kuwaro]], kanandi ghakufumiskikapo, ghakuvikilira mukati ndipo ghakupangika na visulo panji [[plastic|pulasitiki]]. Nyengo zinyake ŵakugwiliskira ntchito vinthu vinyake nga ni meshi, galasi lakukhora, [[acrylic]], makuni, nanga ni njerwa za [[Lego]]. Ŵakugwiriskira ncito comene-comene pakuzenga mwakuyana na umo munthu wakukhumbira panji kusintha. Sonosono apa, vikwa yakujulika panji yakujulika yayamba kuŵa yakumanyikwa comene pa msika wa [[PC gaming|maseŵero gha PC]]. Ichi nchifukwa chakuti mphepo yikunjira makora.<ref>{{cite web|title=Choosing a Computer Case: A Guide for Gamers and Enthusiasts|url=https://www.example.com/pc-case-guide|access-date=May 17, 2025}}</ref> == Kukura na mazina == Makesi gha pa mrangura ghali mu masaizi na mawonekero ghakupambanapambana. Kanandi vikumanyikwa na umo [[motherboard]] yikuwonekera. iyo yikuŵika vigaŵa vya mukati na ndondomeko. Mwaciyelezgero, chikwama ico cili kupangika kuti ciŵe na motherboard ya [[ATX]] cingazengeka nga ni [[tower (computer)|cigongwe]] (citali kuluska umo cikuŵira). [[Desktop computer form factors|Desktop]] (yakutambasuka kuluska utali wake). Panji mtundu wa "bokosi la pizza" ilo likukhala pasi pa monita. Milandu ya tower kanandi yikuŵa yikuru. Iwo ŵakupereka malo ghanandi ghakuŵikamo [[computer drive|ma drive]], makadi ghakusazgirako, na vyakuzizimiska. Vinthu vichokovichoko, kusazgapo vigongwe vichokovichoko, kanandi vikugwiriskirika nchito mu maofesi umo malo ghali ghachoko. [[ATX]] sono ndiyo yikumanyikwa chomene pa mamrangura gha pa mrangura. kweni [[MicroATX|microATX]] na vigaŵa vichokovichoko vya mawonekero vikuwonekaso. Ma setup ghapachanya ghangagwiliskira ntchito matabwa ghakuru. nga ni [[XL-ATX]] panji [[Extended ATX|E-ATX]], ivyo vikovwira vinthu vinyake vyakusazgikira. Vinthu nga ni makadi ghanandi gha vithuzithuzi panji malo ghanandi ghakukumbukirako. Kweni, XL-ATX yikugwiriskirika nchito viŵi yayi ndipo chomenechomene yikukhozgeka yayi mu vyaka vyasonosono apa, apo E-ATX yichali kupangika.<ref>{{cite web|title=ATX vs E-ATX Motherboards|url=https://www.example.com/atx-vs-eatx|access-date=May 17, 2025}}</ref> Miyezo ya motherboard ya [[Mini-ITX|Compact nga ni Mini ITX]] yathandazgika chomene. kuŵika m'malo mwa mitundu yakale nga ni [[FlexATX]]. Mabodi gha mazuŵa ghano gha Mini ITX ghakupereka ntchito yose mu kawonekero kachoko waka. Kuzomerezga awo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito kuti ŵapange mamrangura ghakugwira ntchito makora mu vigaŵa vichokovichoko. [[Mac Mini|Apple’s Mac Mini]] na vinyake vyanthena ivi ni viyelezgero vya mapangidwe ghakupangika na mamrangura ghambura nkhongono. == Mitundu ya Tower == Milandu ya [[tower (computer)|Tower]] kanandi yikugaŵika mu vigaŵa vinandi kuyana na kukura kwake: '''[[Full tower|Full Tower]]''': Makesi agha ghakuŵa pafupifupi masentimita 56 panji kujumphirapo ndipo kanandi ghakwimilira pasi. Pakwamba ŵakaŵa na ma [[file server|seva gha mafayilo]]. kanandi ŵakusazgapo vinthu nga ni milyango yakujara. Ma tower gha mazuŵa ghano ghakuzura ghakugwiriskirika ncito pakuzenga mwakunweka ndipo ghangawovwira nthowa zakuzizimiskira zapacanya, magesi, nanga ni mamrangura ghaŵiri panji magesi.<ref>{{cite book|title=PC Hardware Explained|author=John Doe|year=2021|publisher=TechBooks Press}}</ref> '''[[Mid tower|Mid-Tower]]''': Ivi ni vichoko kuluska vigongwe vyakukwana (pafupifupi 46 cm kutali). Kanandi ŵakupereka viŵiri panji vinayi vya kuwaro vyakuyendeska galimoto. Ŵanyake ŵangakhozgeraso ndondomeko ziŵiri. '''[[Mini tower|Mini-Tower]]''': Ivi vikuŵa na malo ghakuŵikamo galimoto gha kuwaro ghamoza panji ghaŵiri ndipo ni vichoko ndiposo vikuwoneka makora. '''Midi-Tower''': Lizgu ilo likulongosoreka mwakufwatuka, nyengo zinyake likuyowoya za kukura pakati pa mini na pakati pa tower. panji kugwiriskira ncito mwakusinthana na mid-tower mwakuyana na wakupanga. ==Katandikiro== Kanandi viŵiya vya pa mrangura vikuŵa na vingwe vya visulo vya [[Makina ghakupelekera magesi (mrangura)|malo ghakupelekera magesi]] na [[malo ghakuŵikamo magesi]]. Iwo ŵakusazgaposo chigaŵa cha kumanyuma. Panel iyi yingaŵa na [[peripheral]] vyakukolerana ivyo vikufuma pa motherboard. Iwo ungaŵaso na [[malo ghakusazgirako]]s. Milandu yinandi yili na batani la magesi panji switchi. Ŵali na [[batani lakuŵikaso]]. Pali [[LED]]s kulongora nkhongono, ntchito ya hard drive, na ntchito ya network mu viyerezgero vinyake. Milandu yinyake yikusazgapo madowoko gha I / O ghakupangika kunthazi. Madoko agha ghakusazgapo [[USB]] na madoko gha mahedifoni. Mlandu wanthena kanandi uzamuŵa na mawaya agho ghakukhumbikwa. Mawaya agha ghakukoleska madowoko, masiwichi, na vimanyikwiro pa motherboard.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ryley |first1=Nick |title=What Are Front Panel Connectors? |url=https://thepcgeekz.com/what-are-front-panel-connectors/ |website=ThePCGeekz |access-date=2025-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209055452/https://thepcgeekz.com/what-are-front-panel-connectors/ |archive-date=2023-12-09}}</ref> ===Malo ghakuru gha vigaŵa=== * [[motherboard]] kanandi ŵakuyiŵika pa chikwama. Iwo ukukhomeka pamoza na nkhope yake yikuru. Nkhope iyi yingaŵa pasi panji ku chigaŵa cha chikwama. Vikuthemba pa mawonekero ghake na umo vikuŵira. * Vinthu vyakuwoneka nga ni [[ATX]] vikupereka chigaŵa cha kumanyuma. Panel yakumanyuma ili na mabowo ghakudumulika. Mabowo agha ghakulongora [[I / O port]]s ghakuperekeka na [[kuphatikizgika kwakuzungulira]]s. Iwo ŵakuvumburaso [[malo ghakusazgirako]]s. Malo agha ghangawoneska madoko ghanyake. Madoko ghakupelekeka na [[khadi lakusazgirako]]s. Milandu yinandi yikuru ya ATX yingagwiliskirikaso ntchito na ma motherboard gha vinyake vyakuwoneka. * [[Chigaŵa cha magesi (mrangura)|chigaŵa cha magesi]] malo ghakuŵikapo ghakupambana kuyana na nkhani. Malo agho ghakugwiriskirika nchito comene ghali kumanyuma kwa chikwama. Uwemi na uheni wawo ni uwu: **Pamwamba pa mulandu pali malo ghamoza. Kanandi vikuzomerezga kuti fan iyo yili mu PSU yiŵe nga ni fan yakuwovwira yakufumiska chithukivu. Ndipouli, vikupangiska kuti PSU yiŵe na mphepo yakutenthemeska na vigaŵa vya mukati. Ichi chikupangiska kuti PSU yiŵe yakunozga na kunangika kwa umoyo. **Pasi pa mulandu pali malo ghanyake. Lili na mphepo iyo kanandi yikusefeka pasi. Ici cikupangiska kuti PSU yiŵe na mphepo yakuzizima kufuma kuwaro. * Mwambura kuŵikako mahara malo ghakukwera, PSU kanandi yikuŵikika pa chikwama. Iwo ukuŵikika na [[screw]]s zinayi. Ici cikukhozgera kulemera kwake. * Milandu yinandi yikusazgapo [[drive bay]]s ku kunthazi. Nkhani ya ATX yakumanyikwa yikusazgapo [[5.25 "]], [[3.5"]], na 2.5 "mabayi. Mu mamrangura gha mazuŵa ghano, mabayi gha 5.25" ghakugwiriskirika nchito pa [[mawonekero ghakuwonera]]s. Mabayi gha 3.5 "ghakugwiriskira nchito [[hard drive]] na [[khadi lakuŵerenga]]. Mabayi gha 2.5" ghakugwiriskira nchito [[ma drive ghakukhozga]]. * Mabatani na ma LED ghakuŵa kunthazi. Milandu yinyake yikusazgapo madowoko ghanyake gha I / O. Iwo ŵakusazgaposo vyakuwonera kutentha na liwiro la purosesa mu malo ghamoza. * Kanandi viŵaro vyakufumiskiramo mphepo vikusangika pa chigaŵa cha kunthazi, kumanyuma, pachanya, ku chigaŵa cha ku mazere, ndipo nyengo zinyake pa chigaŵa cha ku mazere. Chilato chawo nchakuti mphepo yakuzizima yinjire mu chikwama. Mwakuyana waka, ŵakafumiskanga mphepo yakutentha. Kanandi vipinda vikuruvikuru vikuzomerezga kuti [[fan ya mrangura|mafani ghakuzizima]] ghaŵikikepo. Iwo ŵakukwera kwizira mu mabowo ghakuzingilizga ulusi. Milandu yasono yikusazgapo kuŵikapo mafani ghakuzizima ghakuru gha 120 mm panji 140 mm. Ivi ni vyakugwira ntchito mwakufwasa kuluska mafani gha 80 mm agho kale ghakaŵa ghakumanyikwa. * Tempuleti ya I/O, panji kuti mbale ya I/O, yikukwana kuzingilizga chigaŵa cha kumanyuma cha motherboard. Panel yakumanyuma ili na madowo gha kuwaro. Nyengo zinyake, vikupelekeka na uyo wakupanga chikwama. Kanandi ŵakuyiŵika m’malo mwa iyo yikwiza na motherboard. ===Kufika mukati=== Kufika pa vigaŵa vya mukati vya [[ATX]] tower case ya mazuŵa ghano kukuchitika mwa kuwuskapo mapanelo gha pambali. Kulaŵiska kunthazi-ku-kumanyuma, motherboard yikusangika mwa kuwuskapo chigaŵa cha ku mazere. PSU nayo yikusangika mu nthowa iyi. Drive bays na malo ghanandi ghakuŵikamo fan ghakusangika mwakuyana waka. Kufumiskiramo panelo ya kumalyero kukuchitika nyengo zichoko waka. Iwo ukufika pa malo kuseri kwa mbale yakukwezga motherboard. Malo agha ghakupelekeka ku kulongozga khebo. Makhebo agho ghakulongozgeka panthazi pa motherboard ghangatimbanizga mphepo. Ici cikupangiska kuti kutentha kuŵe kwakukwana.<ref>{{Citation|last=Linus Tech Tips|title=Cable Management – Does it impact cooling performance? At all?...|date=2016-02-08|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDCMMf-_ASE |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/YDCMMf-_ASE |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|access-date=2018-08-11}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[BTX (chigaŵa cha mawonekero)|BTX]] ni muyezo wambura kumanyikwa. Lili na chigaŵa chikuru cha ku chigaŵa chamalyero. Ici cikususkana na kumazere. Milandu yinyake ya ATX iyo yili kupangika mwakukhotakhota yikusangika mwa kuwuskapo chipata cha panelo ya kumalyero. Mwakuyana waka, chikwama ichi chingaŵa na chibenekelero chimoza chikuru chakuwoneka nga ni U. Chivundikiro ichi chikuŵika pa chassi. Ici cikaŵa palipose mu [[AT fomu factor|AT]] vikwa ya nsanja. Kuti fuvu ilo lingananga ntchito lileke kuwungana, mitundu yinandi yikuŵa na vyakusefa fuvu. Mafilimu agha ghali panthazi pa mafani ghakupokera mphepo. Nthowa yeneco yakusangira viseŵero vya kunthazi yikuthemba pa ciyerezgero ca mulandu. Kanandi vikukhumbikwira kuti ŵawuskepo chigaŵa chose cha kunthazi. Kufumiskikapo kwa chigaŵa cha kunthazi kungakhumbikwira kufumiska chigaŵa chimoza panji vyose viŵiri vya ku chigaŵa. Usange mukukayika, wonani buku la umo mungagwiriskira ncito usange nchamacitiko. Mwachikhaliro, vikwama vinandi vya pa mrangura vikakhumbikwiranga [[vikuŵikamo vikwama vya pa mrangura]]. Vikuŵikamo ivi vikakhozganga vigaŵa na mapanelo mu malo ghake. Ivi vikasazgapo motherboard, PSU, ma drive, na makadi ghakusazgirako. Kufuma kumayambiro kwa 2000s kuya munthazi, pali mchiti wa vikwa yambura vipangizo. Mu nkhani izi, vigaŵa vikukolerana pamoza na sitima za pulasitiki zakukhozga. Ŵakugwiliskiraso ntchito vingwe vyakukhozga vigunwe na nthowa zinyake. Nthowa izi zikukhumbikwira vipangizo yayi. Ivi vikovwira kuti ŵawunganenge mwaluŵiro na kusintha vinthu vya pa mrangura. Kweniso nchakutchipa kupanga. ==Kawonekero== {{further|Case modding}} Mu vilimika vyose vya m’ma 1990, vikwama vinandi vya pa mrangura vikaŵanga na mawonekero ghambura kusuzga gha makona ghatatu. Kanandi ŵakaŵapentanga [[beige]] panji [[kutuŵa]]. Ŵakaŵikangako mahara viŵi yayi pa umo vinthu vikapangikira. [[Bokosi la beige]] mapangidwe ghachali kusangika pa mamrangura ghanandi gha bajeti. Mamrangura agha ghakuwungana kufuma ku vigaŵa vyakumanyikwa. Makina agha sono ghakuchemeka [[bokosi lituŵa (vipangizo vya pa mrangura)|mamrangura gha bokosi lituŵa]]. Makesi ghawo sono kanandi ghakuŵa na mtundu wakufipa panji wa siliva m’malo mwa beige. Milandu yinandi ya mamrangura ya mazuŵa ghano yikusazgapo mitundu yakupambanapambana. Kupambana uku kukusazgapo kawonekero, mtundu, kawonekero, na vinthu ivyo vikupangika. Vinthu nga ni aluminiyamu wakupangika na burashi na galasi lakukhora vikupelekeka na vikwama vyakudura chomene. ''Case modding'' ni luso la kupanga vikwa ya pa mrangura. Kanandi vikupangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵaŵikepo mtima pa vigaŵa vyapachanya panji vyambura kumanyikwa. Kufuma kumayambiro kwa 2000s, vikwa yinyake yikusazgapo mapanelo ghakuwonekerathu gha pambali. Ŵangaŵaso na mawindo gha acrylic. Ivi vikovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵalaŵiskenge mukati apo ŵakugwira ntchito. Modded vikwa ingaŵa na mitundu ya kuwala kwa mukati. Ŵangaŵaso na penti wakupangika mwakuyana na umo ŵakukhumbira. Vinyake vikusazgapo [[Kuzizimiska maji|dongosolo la kuzizimiska maji]]s. Ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakutemwa kuchita vyakusanguluska ŵakuzenga vikwa ya mitheto. Ŵakugwiriskira ncito vinthu vyambura kupangika nga ni aluminiyamu, cisulo, [[styrofoam]], acrylic, panji khuni. Kuyana na mdauko, vikwa yikagwiliskiranga ntchito magesi gha CCFL .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xwIAAAAAMBAJ&q=computer+case+ccfl&pg=PT23|title = Maximum PC|date = October 2004}}</ref> Paumaliro ŵakamba kugwiliskira ntchito ma LED gha mtundu umoza. Vinthu ivi ŵakavigwiliskiranga ntchito nga ni vingwe panji mu mafani kuti viŵaliske mukati. Milandu ya mazuŵa ghano yikugwiriskira ncito kuwala kwa RGB LED m’malo mwake. Kuŵala uku kanandi kukusazgikira mu mafani gha vikwa. Kuti mphepo yiŵe yiwemi, vikwa yinandi kufuma mu 2020 yikugwiriskira ncito vingwe vya visulo. Ŵalije ma bay gha kuwaro. Ici cikupangiska kuti ŵateŵeti ŵa RGB ŵawonekenge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamersnexus.net/guides/3534-gn-awards-show|title=GN Awards Show: Best & Worst PC Cases of 2019 (Thermals, Quality, Noise)}}</ref> Ŵanandi ŵakusazgapo chibenekelero cha PSU. Iwo nawo ŵali na GPU yakuyimilira. Ŵanyake ŵakaŵanga na mabowo. Mabowo agha ghakakhozgeranga ma radiator ghakuzizimiska maji gha kuwaro.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamersnexus.net/hwreviews/3579-phanteks-p300a-case-review-benchmark-vs-p400a#!/ccomment|title=Phanteks P300A Case Review vs. P400A, NR600, & More: Thermals, Noise, Fans}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamersnexus.net/news/1282-nzxt-h440-case-specs-psu-shroud|title=NZXT H440 Case Specs – Includes PSU Shroud; Video Preview & Hands-On}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://custompc.raspberrypi.org/articles/the-pros-and-cons-of-vertical-graphics-card-mounts|title = The Pros and Cons of Vertical Graphics Card Mounts}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamersnexus.net/guides/3324-fact-check-cablemod-vertical-gpu-thermals-vs-stock-h500m|title=Fact-Check: CableMod's Vertical GPU Thermals vs. Stock Case}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cgIAAAAAMBAJ&q=pc+case+external+radiator&pg=PA38|title=Maximum PC|date=July 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RQIAAAAAMBAJ&q=pc+case+external+radiator&pg=PA52|title=Maximum PC|date=August 2006}}</ref> Vikwa ivyo yili na mawindo gha pambali yingaŵa na mafani gha pambali. Mafani agha ghali pa windo. Ntchakuzizika kuti vikwa iyo yili na mawindo ghagalasi yiŵe na mafani gha pambali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamersnexus.net/guides/692-how-many-case-fans-should-you-have|title = The Basics of Case Fan Placement – How Many Fans and Where?}}</ref> ===Ŵakupanga vikwa=== {{See also|Mndandanda wa awo ŵakupanga vinthu vya pa mrangura#Vikwa ya pa mrangura}} Ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa [[pamanyuma pa msika (wakumanyikwa)|pamanyuma pa msika]] ŵakupanga vikwa ŵakusazgapo [[Antec]]. Ŵakusazgaposo [http://www.bitfenix.com/ BitFenix]. Ŵanyake awo ŵakupanga ni [[Msambizgi Wakuzizima]], [[Maseŵero gha Corsair|Corsair]], na [[Kupanga Fractal]]. Ŵanyake ŵakusazgirapo ni [[Mu Kupanga Win]], [[Lian Li]], [[NZXT Corp.]], na [[Phanteks]]. Vinyake ni [[Rosewill]] na [[Kutentha]]. Ivi vikumanyikwa kuti (DIY PC). ==Kumanya kunjilirapo== Vikwa vinyake ya pa mrangura yikusazgapo [[Switch ya nyengo yichoko waka|switch yakusankhana]]. Iyi ni [[batani lakukankhira]]. Iwo ukulumikizana na motherboard. Para mulandu wajulika, malo gha switchi ghakusintha. Nthowa iyi yikulemba ivyo vyasintha. [[Firmware]] panji [[BIOS]] ya dongosolo yingaŵikika. Iwo ungapharazga ivyo vyachitika nyengo yinyake para waŵikika pa magesi. Nthowa iyi yakuwoneka [[kumanyira para munthu wanjilirapo]] yingawovwira awo ŵali na mamrangura. Iwo ungaziŵa asani munthu wasintha mamrangura ngawu. Nthowa zinandi zanthena ni zambura kusuzga pakuzenga. Munthu uyo ​​wakunjira mu nyumba uyo wakumanya vinthu wangajura mulandu. Ŵangasinthaso ivyo vili mukati mwake. Ici cingacitika kwambura kuŵika switchi. Kale, vikwama vinandi vya tower ivyo vikapangika kuti viŵikemo [[file server]]s vikaŵa na chinthu chinyake. Ici cikaŵa na vikwa yose ya tower. Ŵakaŵa na [[Loki wa kiyi wakuzungulira|kujara]] chipata. Mulyango uwu ukabenekeleranga malo gha kuwaro ghakukwereramo galimoto. Ichi chikaŵa chinthu chakuvikilira. Chilato chake chikaŵa chakuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kwiba ma diski gha [[CD-ROM]]. Ma drive ghaŵenge ghakukolera ma diski agha. Pa nyengo iyo, CD-ROM yikaŵa yikuru kuluska ma hard disk agho ghakaŵapo. Mabuku ghanandi ghakukhumbikwa chomene pa bizinesi ghakagaŵika pa media iyi. Kanandi ma database agha ghakaŵanga ghakudura chomene. Ŵakaŵaso na data ya mweneko. Ntheura, ŵakwenera kuti ŵakaŵa ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵabiranga mwambura kughanaghanira. ==Gallery== <gallery perrow="8" caption="Computer cases"> ATX computer case - left - 2018-05-18.jpg|Mukati mwa chigongwe cha mrangura cha ATX cha 2018 ATX computer case - back - 2018-03-18.jpg|Kunyuma kwa chigongwe cha mrangura ya ATX ATX computer case - right - 2018-05-12.jpg|Chigaŵa chamalyero cha chikwama cha mrangura ya ATX. Kukonzekera kwa CPU kuli pachanya kumalyero. ATX computer case - front - 2018-05-12.jpg|Kunthazi kwa chikwama cha mrangura ya ATX ATX computer case - facade buttons - 2018-05-12.jpg|Mabatani gha kunthazi kwa chikwama cha kumpyuta ya ATX Macpro.png|Mac Pro nkhwantha. Wonani kuseŵezeskeka kwa woti kwawo kwawo kuseŵezeskeka yayi kunthazi. Modified-pc-case.png|Mlandu wakunweka. Iwo uli na casemod ya panelo yakuwonekera. SWTPC6800 open.jpg|Mlandu wakunweka. Iwo uli na casemod ya panelo yakuwonekera. Paris servers DSC00190.jpg|Ma seva ghatatu gha Wikimedia. Iwo ŵali mu vikwa ya 1U rackmount. Home theater PC front with keyboard.jpg|Antec Fusion V2 nyumba yakuwoneskera PC nkhani. Lili na chiwoneskero cha VFD. Kweniso lili na voliyumu yakulongozgera na madowoko ghanyake kunthazi. 80486-Desktop-PC.jpg|8-malo Mwana AT fomu chinthu nkhani Power Macintosh 9600 350.jpg|Nkhongono Mac tower nkhani NeXTcube.jpg|Cube ya NeXt SGI-indigo-front.jpg|SGI Indigo nsanja nkhani Silicon Graphics O2 Plus.jpg|SGI O2 nkhani ya nsanja IBM PC 5150 no monitor.jpg|[[IBM Personal Computer|Kompyuta ya IBM]] IBM 5150 Casing.jpg|IBM Kompyuta ya Munthu 5150. Iyi ni nkhani yambura kanthu ya 5-slot. IBM PC XT color.jpg|[[IBM Personal Computer XT|IBM Kompyuta ya Munthu 5150. Iyi ni nkhani yambura kanthu ya 5-slot.]] IBM PS2 MCA Model 55 SX, front.jpg|[[IBM PS/2 Model 55 SX]] IBM PS2 MCA Model 55 SX, internal components overview.jpg|IBM PS/2 Model 55 SX Mac mini mid2010 front.jpg|Mac ya 2010. Icho chikufuma ku Apple. </gallery> ==Wonaniso== * [[Mndandanda wa vipangizo vya pa mrangura]] * [[Kusindikizga kwa 3D]] * [[Mndandanda wa awo ŵakupanga vinthu vya pa mrangura]] * [[Novena (pulatifomu yakupangira mamrangura)|Novena]] * [[Chassis Yauthukivu]] * [[VIA OpenBook]] mtundu wa mtundu wakujulika * [[Kuzizima kwa mrangura]] * [[Fan ya pa mrangura]] ==Pakubeka== {{Reflist}} ==Malumikizgo ghakuwalo== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081108034536/http://www.formfactors.org/formfactor.asp Chassis Form Factors] {{Basic computer components}} [[Category:Computer enclosure| ]] azmeuwnzitvz4kmemjo0i4pdncjpb2d 0 47777 123340 122986 2026-10-29T20:22:17Z InternetArchiveBot 6449 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 123340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|palije}} <!-- Chigaŵa ichi cha malongosolekero ghafupi chili mwadala kuti chiŵe "palije" - chonde wonani WP:SDNONE pambere mundasinthenge! --> {{Incomplete list|date=June 2026}} Ichi ntchandanda wa [[political endorsement|vyakukhozgera ŵandyali]] ivyo vikapelekeka na [[Donald Trump]], pulezidenti wa nambara 45 na 47 wa [[United States|Charu cha United States]], pambere wandazgoke pulezidenti kweniso pa nyengo iyo wakaŵa pulezidenti, na pakati pa maulamuliro ghake ghaŵiri. <!-- MUNGASAZGIRAKO VYAKUKHOZGERA VINTHU VYAŴALIŴOSE YAYI KWAMBURA SOURCE NDIPO MUPALIRENDENGE NDANDANDA WA MAZINA KUTOLERA KU A KU Z! --> {{Donald Trump series|expanded=Views and ideology}} == Vyacharu chamukati == (''[[Italic type|Malembo ghakupendekeka]]'' ghakulongora [[incumbent|ŵandyali awo ŵali mu udindo sono]]) === Pambere wandazgoke pulezidenti === ==== 2008 ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Udindo !Munthu uyo wakakhozgeka !Vyakafuma |- |{{flagicon|United States of America}} [[2008 United States presidential election|Pulezidenti]] |[[Hillary Clinton]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shabad |first=Rebecca |date=Dec 29, 2015 |title=Trump in 2008: Hillary Clinton would make a "great" president |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-in-2008-hillary-clinton-would-make-a-great-president/ |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Wakathereskeka pa chisankho cha chipani |- |{{flagicon|United States of America}} [[2008 United States presidential election|Pulezidenti]] |[[John McCain]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Allen |first=Mike|date=Sep 17, 2008 |title=Trump endorses McCain on Larry King |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/09/trump-endorses-mccain-on-larry-king-013558 |work=Politico}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Wakathereskeka pa chisankho chikuru |} ==== 2012 ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Udindo !Munthu uyo wakakhozgeka !Vyakafuma |- |{{flagicon|United States of America}} [[2012 United States presidential election|Pulezidenti]] |[[Mitt Romney]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Preston |first1=Mark |last2=Silverleib |first2=Alan |date=Feb 3, 2012 |title=Trump endorses Romney |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/02/02/politics/campaign-wrap |publisher=CNN}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Wakathereskeka pa chisankho chikuru |} ==== 2016 Chisankho cha Senate ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Boma !Munthu uyo wakakhozgeka !Vyakafuma |- |{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[2016 United States Senate election in Arizona|Arizona]] |''[[John McCain]]''<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Flores |first=Reena|date=Aug 5, 2016 |title=Donald Trump endorses Ryan, McCain, Ayotte ahead of primary races |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-paul-ryan-endorsement/ |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Wakasankhika''' |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[2016 United States Senate election in Florida|Florida]] |''[[Marco Rubio]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |user=realDonaldTrump |number=736016335197458434 |date=May 26, 2016 |title=Poll data shows that @marcorubio does by far the best in holding onto his Senate seat in Florida. Important to keep the MAJORITY. Run Marco!}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Wakasankhika''' |- |{{flagicon|Louisiana}} [[2016 United States Senate election in Louisiana|Louisiana]] |[[John Kennedy (Louisiana politician)|John Kennedy]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |user=realDonaldTrump |number=805127720749383680 |date=Dec 3, 2016 |title=Our great VPE, @mike_pence, is in Louisiana campaigning for John Kennedy for US Senate. John will be a tremendous help to us in Washington.}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Wakasankhika''' |- |{{flagicon|New Hampshire}} [[2016 United States Senate election in New Hampshire|New Hampshire]] |''[[Kelly Ayotte]]''<ref name=":5" /> |{{Icon|no}} Wakathereskeka pa chisankho chikuru |} ==== 2016 Chisankho cha Nyumba ya Ŵimiliri ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Chigaŵa !Munthu uyo wakakhozgeka !Vyakafuma |- |{{flagicon|California}} [[California's 49th congressional district|CA-49]] |''[[Darrell Issa]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |user=realDonaldTrump |number=793524189240188928 |date=November 1, 2016 |title=.@DarrellIssa is a very good man. Help him win his congressional seat in California.}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Wakasankhika''' |- |{{flagicon|Wisconsin}} [[Wisconsin's 1st congressional district|WI-01]] |''[[Paul Ryan]]''<ref name=":5" /> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Wakasankhika''' |} === Nyengo yake yakwamba nga pulezidenti === ==== 2017 Chisankho cha ŵalongozgi ŵa maboma ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Boma !Munthu uyo wakakhozgeka !Vyakafuma |- |{{flagicon|Virginia}} [[2017 Virginia gubernatorial election|Virginia]] |[[Ed Gillespie]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |user=realDonaldTrump |number=916120435762266114 |date=Oct 5, 2017 |title=Ralph Northam,who is running for Governor of Virginia,is fighting for the violent MS-13 killer gangs & sanctuary cities. Vote Ed Gillespie!}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Wakathereskeka pa chisankho chikuru |} ==== 2017 Senate elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Result |- |rowspan="2"|{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[2017 United States Senate special election in Alabama|Alabama (special)]] |''[[Luther Strange]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |user=realDonaldTrump |number=910635327672512512 |date=Sep 20, 2017 |title=Alabama is sooo lucky to have a candidate like "Big" Luther Strange. Smart, tough on crime, borders & trade, loves Vets & Military. Tuesday!}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost primary |- |[[Roy Moore]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |user=realDonaldTrump|number=937641904338063361 |date=Dec 4, 2017 |title=Democrats refusal to give even one vote for massive Tax Cuts is why we need Republican Roy Moore to win in Alabama. We need his vote on stopping crime, illegal immigration, Border Wall, Military, Pro Life, V.A., Judges 2nd Amendment and more. No to Jones, a Pelosi/Schumer Puppet!}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |} ==== 2017 House elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Chigaŵa !Munthu uyo wakapika !Ivyo vikachitika |- |{{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} [[2017 Georgia's 6th congressional district special election|GA-06 (chisankho chapadera)]] |[[Karen Handel]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |user=realDonaldTrump |number=876901304207069185 |date=Jun 19, 2017 |title=....because he doesn't even live there! He wants to raise taxes and kill healthcare. On Tuesday, #VoteKarenHandel.}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Wakasankhika''' |- |{{flagicon|Kansas}} [[2017 Kansas's 4th congressional district special election|KS-04 (chisankho chapadera)]] |[[Ron Estes]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |user=realDonaldTrump |number=851781714028494849 |date=Apr 11, 2017 |title=Ron Estes is running TODAY for Congress in the Great State of Kansas. A wonderful guy, I need his help on Healthcare & Tax Cuts (Reform).}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Wakasankhika''' |- |{{flagicon|Montana}} [[2017 Montana's at-large congressional district special election|MT-AL (chisankho chapadera)]] |[[Greg Gianforte]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 May 2017 |title= First on CNN: Trump records robocall for Montana special election |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/05/24/politics/trump-robocall-montana-special-election-ryan-zinke/index.html |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Wakasankhika''' |- |{{flagicon|South Carolina}} [[2017 South Carolina's 5th congressional district special election|SC-05 (chisankho chapadera)]] |[[Ralph Norman]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |user=realDonaldTrump |number=876899176562524160 |date=June 19, 2017 |title=Ralph Norman, who is running for Congress in SC's 5th District, will be a fantastic help to me in cutting taxes, and....}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Wakasankhika''' |} ==== 2018 gubernatorial elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Result |- |{{flagicon|Alaska}} [[2018 Alaska gubernatorial election|Alaska]] |[[Mike Dunleavy (politician)|Mike Dunleavy]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 25, 2018 |user=realDonaldTrump |number=1055555764901822466 |title=.@MikeDunleavyGov will make a fantastic Governor of Alaska. Mike is for Energy and Jobs, is tough on Crime, loves our Vets and our Great Second Amendment. Mike has my Complete and Total Endorsement!}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[2018 Arizona gubernatorial election|Arizona]] |''[[Doug Ducey]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |user=realDonaldTrump |number=1034128943480299521 |date=Aug 27, 2018 |title=Governor Doug Ducey of Arizona is doing a great job. It would be really nice to show your support tomorrow by voting for him in Tuesdays Primary. Doug is strong on Crime, the Border, and our Second Amendment. Loves our Military & our Vets. He has my full and complete Endorsement.}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Arkansas}} [[2018 Arkansas gubernatorial election|Arkansas]] |''[[Asa Hutchinson]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |user=realDonaldTrump |number=998704493335334912 |date=May 21, 2018 |title=.@AsaHutchinson, the great Governor of Arkansas, is in a primary tomorrow. He has done an incredible job with a focus on lower taxes, border security, and crime prevention. Asa loves our military and our veterans. I fully endorse Asa for Governor!}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|California}} [[2018 California gubernatorial election|California]] |[[John H. Cox]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |user=realDonaldTrump |number=997597940444221440 |date=May 18, 2018 |title=California finally deserves a great Governor, one who understands borders, crime and lowering taxes. John Cox is the man - he'll be the best Governor you've ever had. I fully endorse John Cox for Governor and look forward to working with him to Make California Great Again!}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Colorado}} [[2018 Colorado gubernatorial election|Colorado]] |[[Walker Stapleton]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 10, 2018 |user=realDonaldTrump |number=1050004777034309633 |title=Walker Stapleton is running as the highly respected Republican Candidate for Governor of the Great State of Colorado. His credentials and talents are impeccable. He has my complete and total Endorsement!}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Connecticut }} [[2018 Connecticut gubernatorial election|Connecticut]] |[[Bob Stefanowski]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |user=realDonaldTrump |number=1029724286121074689 |date=Aug 15, 2018 |title=It is about time that Connecticut had a real and talented Governor. Bob Stefanowski is the person needed to do the job. Tough on crime, Bob is also a big cutter of Taxes. He will win in November and make a Great Governor, a major difference maker. Bob has my total Endorsement!}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[2018 Florida gubernatorial election|Florida]] |[[Ron DeSantis]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 22, 2018 |title=Congressman Ron DeSantis, a top student at Yale and Harvard Law School, is running for Governor of the Great State of Florida. Ron is strong on Borders, tough on Crime & big on Cutting Taxes - Loves our Military & our Vets. He will be a Great Governor & has my full Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1010129956222001153}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} [[2018 Georgia gubernatorial election|Georgia]] |[[Brian Kemp]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jul 21, 2018 |title=Brian Kemp, who is running for Governor of Georgia and has my full endorsement, is campaigning tonight with VP @mike_pence. Brian is very strong on Crime and Borders, LOVES our Military, Vets and the 2nd Amendment. He will be a GREAT Governor! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1020808378594054144}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Kansas}} [[2018 Kansas gubernatorial election|Kansas]] |[[Kris Kobach]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 6, 2018 |title=Kris Kobach, a strong and early supporter of mine, is running for Governor of the Great State of Kansas. He is a fantastic guy who loves his State and our Country - he will be a GREAT Governor and has my full & total Endorsement! Strong on Crime, Border & Military. VOTE TUESDAY! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1026495277824401408}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Michigan}} [[2018 Michigan gubernatorial election|Michigan]] |[[Bill Schuette]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Sep 17, 2017 |title=Attorney General Bill Schuette will be a fantastic Governor for the great State of Michigan. I am bringing back your jobs and Bill will help |user=realDonalTrump |number=909381488445190145}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Minnesota}} [[2018 Minnesota gubernatorial election|Minnesota]] |[[Jeff Johnson (Minnesota politician)|Jeff Johnson]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 15, 2018 |title=Jeff Johnson of Minnesota had a big night in winning the Republican nomination for Governor against a very strong and well known opponent! Thanks for all of the support you showed me. You have my complete and total Endorsement. You will win in November! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1029717542842052608}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Nevada}} [[2018 Nevada gubernatorial election|Nevada]] |[[Adam Laxalt]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 12, 2018 |title=I strongly endorse Adam Laxalt for Governor of Nevada. Adam is smart, works hard, and knows how to win. He will be a great Governor. Also, will fight hard to lower your taxes and is tough on crime! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1006619872367804416}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[2018 Ohio gubernatorial election|Ohio]] |[[Mike DeWine]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 30, 2018 |title=@MikeDeWine will be a great Governor for the People of Ohio. He is an outstanding man who loves his State – and always produces big.... |user=realDonalTrump |number=1057325714721124355}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Oklahoma}} [[2018 Oklahoma gubernatorial election|Oklahoma]] |[[Kevin Stitt]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 30, 2018 |title=Kevin Stitt ran a great winning campaign against a very tough opponent in Oklahoma. Kevin is a very successful businessman who will be a fantastic Governor. He is strong on Crime & Borders, the 2nd Amendment, & loves our Military & Vets. He has my complete and total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1035233203609657344}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|South Carolina}} [[2018 South Carolina gubernatorial election|South Carolina]] |''[[Henry McMaster]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 9, 2018 |title=Henry McMaster loves the people of South Carolina and was with me from the beginning. He is strong on Crime and Borders, great for our Military and our Vets. He is doing a fantastic job as your Governor, and has my full endorsement, a special guy. Vote on Tuesday! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1005548570332631040}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{Flagicon|South Dakota}} [[2018 South Dakota gubernatorial election|South Dakota]] |[[Kristi Noem]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Akhtar |first=Monica |date=September 7, 2018 |title=Trump endorses Noem in South Dakota |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/video/politics/trump-endorses-noem-in-south-dakota/2018/09/07/1b0b5e5a-b2f2-11e8-8b53-50116768e499_video.html}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Tennessee}} [[2018 Tennessee gubernatorial election|Tennessee]] |[[Bill Lee (Tennessee politician)|Bill Lee]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 3, 2018 |title=Congratulations to Bill Lee of Tennessee on his big primary win for Governor last night. He ran a great campaign and now will finish off the job in November. Bill has my total and enthusiastic Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1025386253892694016}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2018 Texas gubernatorial election|Texas]] |''[[Greg Abbott]]''<ref name=":7">{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Feb 27, 2018 |title=I want to encourage all of my many Texas friends to vote in the primary for Governor Greg Abbott, Senator Ted Cruz, Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick, and Attorney General Ken Paxton. They are helping me to Make America Great Again! Vote early or on March 6th. |user=realDonalTrump |number=968549117625602054}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Wisconsin}} [[2018 Wisconsin gubernatorial election|Wisconsin]] |''[[Scott Walker (politician)|Scott Walker]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 15, 2018 |title=Scott Walker is very special and will have another great win in November. He has done a fantastic job as Governor of Wisconsin and will always have my full support and Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1029716105420595200}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Wyoming}} [[2018 Wyoming gubernatorial election|Wyoming]] |[[Foster Friess]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 21, 2018|title=To the incredible people of the Great State of Wyoming: Go VOTE TODAY for Foster Friess - He will be a fantastic Governor! Strong on Crime, Borders & 2nd Amendment. Loves our Military & our Vets. He has my complete and total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1031917972099612673}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost primary |} ==== 2018 Senate elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Result |- |{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[2018 United States Senate election in Arizona|Arizona]] |[[Martha McSally]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 29, 2018 |title=Martha McSally is an extraordinary woman. She was a very talented fighter jet pilot and is now a highly respected member of Congress. She is Strong on Crime, the Border and our under siege 2nd Amendment. Loves our Military and our Vets. Has my total and complete Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1034785759377727490}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[2018 United States Senate election in Florida|Florida]] |[[Rick Scott]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 27, 2018 |title=Rick Scott of Florida is doing a fantastic job as Governor. Jobs are pouring into the State and its economic health is better than ever before. He is strong on Crime, Borders, and loves our Military and Vets. Vote for Rick on Tuesday! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1034128239579549696}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2018 United States Senate election in Indiana|Indiana]] |[[Mike Braun]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 30, 2018 |title=Will be going to Evansville, Indiana, tonight for a big crowd rally with Mike Braun, a very successful businessman who is campaigning to be Indiana's next U.S. Senator. He is strong on Crime & Borders, the 2nd Amendment, and loves our Military & Vets. Will be a big night! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1035162684633825286}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Michigan}} [[2018 United States Senate election in Michigan|Michigan]] |[[John James (Michigan politician)|John James]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jul 27, 2018 |title=.@JohnJamesMI, who is running in the Republican Primary in the great state of Michigan, is SPECTACULAR! Vote on August 7th. Rarely have I seen a candidate with such great potential. West Point graduate, successful businessman and an African American leader... |user=realDonalTrump |number=1022872574634729472}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Minnesota}} [[2018 United States Senate special election in Minnesota|Minnesota (special)]] |[[Karin Housley]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 4, 2018 |title=Just made my second stop in Minnesota for a MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN rally. We need to elect @KarinHousley to the U.S. Senate, and we need the strong leadership of @TomEmmer, @Jason2CD, @JimHagedornMN and @PeteStauber in the U.S. House! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1047984297607618565}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Mississippi}} [[2018 United States Senate special election in Mississippi|Mississippi (special)]] |''[[Cindy Hyde-Smith]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Nov 25, 2018 |title=Mississippi, Vote for @cindyhydesmith on Tuesday. Respected by all. We need her in Washington!. Thanks! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1066786854643662848}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Mississippi}} [[2018 United States Senate election in Mississippi|Mississippi]] |''[[Roger Wicker]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 5, 2018 |title=Senator @RogerWicker of Mississippi has done everything necessary to Make America Great Again! Get out and vote for Roger, he has my total support! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1003997350791188482}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Missouri}} [[2018 United States Senate election in Missouri|Missouri]] |[[Josh Hawley]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 13, 2018 |title=Senator Claire McCaskill of the GREAT State of Missouri flew around in a luxurious private jet during her RV tour of the state. RV's are not for her. People are really upset, so phony! Josh Hawley should win big, and has my full endorsement. |user=realDonalTrump |number=1006992524366503941}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Montana}} [[2018 United States Senate election in Montana|Montana]] |[[Matt Rosendale]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Sep 7, 2018 |title=Matt Rosendale will be a Great Senator from a Great State, Montana! He is a fighter who will be tough on Crime and the Border, fight hard for our 2nd Amendment and loves our Military and our Vets. He has my full and complete Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1038022020691161088}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Nebraska}} [[2018 United States Senate election in Nebraska|Nebraska]] |''[[Deb Fischer]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=May 15, 2018 |title=Nebraska - make sure you get out to the polls and VOTE for Deb Fischer today! |user=realDonalTrump |number=996442654568341505}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Nevada}} [[2018 United States Senate election in Nevada|Nevada]] |''[[Dean Heller]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Nov 3, 2018 |title=Get out and VOTE for @DeanHeller! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1058758825300365312}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|New Jersey}} [[2018 United States Senate election in New Jersey|New Jersey]] |[[Bob Hugin]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Nov 6, 2018 |title=Bob Hugin, successful all of his life, would be a Great Senator from New Jersey. He has my complete and total Endorsement! Get out and Vote for Bob. |user=realDonalTrump |number=1059870147845017601}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|North Dakota}} [[2018 United States Senate election in North Dakota|North Dakota]] |[[Kevin Cramer]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 13, 2018 |title=Congratulations to @KevinCramer on his huge win in North Dakota. We need Kevin in the Senate, and I strongly endorse him. Heidi voted NO on our Tax Cuts, and always will vote no when we need her. Kevin is strong on Crime & Borders, big on Cutting Taxes! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1007002252467458048}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[2018 United States Senate election in Ohio|Ohio]] |[[Jim Renacci]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Apr 24, 2018 |title=.@JimRenacci has worked so hard on Tax Reductions, Illegal Immigration, the Border and Crime. I need Jim very badly to help our agenda and to keep MAKING AMERICA GREAT AGAIN! He will be a fantastic Senator for the Great State of Ohio, and has my full endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=988856839893897222}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[2018 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] |[[Lou Barletta]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Feb 11, 2018 |title=Rep. Lou Barletta, a Great Republican from Pennsylvania who was one of my very earliest supporters, will make a FANTASTIC Senator. He is strong & smart, loves Pennsylvania & loves our Country! Voted for Tax Cuts, unlike Bob Casey, who listened to Tax Hikers Pelosi and Schumer! |user=realDonalTrump |number=962784821389996033}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Tennessee}} [[2018 United States Senate election in Tennessee|Tennessee]] |[[Marsha Blackburn]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Apr 19, 2018 |title=.@MarshaBlackburn is a wonderful woman who has always been there when we have needed her. Great on the Military, Border Security and Crime. Loves and works hard for the people of Tennessee. She has my full endorsement and I will be there to campaign with her! |user=realDonalTrump |number=987038167730552832}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2018 United States Senate election in Texas|Texas]] |''[[Ted Cruz]]''<ref name=":7" /> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Utah}} [[2018 United States Senate election in Utah|Utah]] |[[Mitt Romney]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Feb 19, 2018 |title=.@MittRomney has announced he is running for the Senate from the wonderful State of Utah. He will make a great Senator and worthy successor to @OrrinHatch, and has my full support and endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=965773283554668544}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |rowspan="2"|{{flagicon|West Virginia}} [[2018 United States Senate election in West Virginia|West Virginia]] |[[Evan Jenkins (politician)|Evan Jenkins]] ''(co-endorsement with Morrisey)''<ref name="auto">{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=May 7, 2018 |title=To the great people of West Virginia we have, together, a really great chance to keep making a big difference. Problem is, Don Blankenship, currently running for Senate, can't win the General Election in your State...No way! Remember Alabama. Vote Rep. Jenkins or A.G. Morrisey! |user=realDonalTrump |number=993443781281271808}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost primary |- |[[Patrick Morrisey]] ''(co-endorsement with Jenkins)''<ref name="auto" /> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Wisconsin}} [[2018 United States Senate election in Wisconsin|Wisconsin]] |[[Leah Vukmir]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 15, 2018 |title=Congratulations to Leah Vukmir of Wisconsin on your great win last night. You beat a very tough and good competitor and will make a fantastic Senator after winning in November against someone who has done very little. You have my complete and total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1029712857724792832}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Wyoming}} [[2018 United States Senate election in Wyoming|Wyoming]] |''[[John Barrasso]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jul 31, 2018 |title=.@SenJohnBarrasso has a Primary on August 21st. He doesn't need any help because he is absolutely outstanding in every way, but I hope the great people of Wyoming will go out and show their support anyway. John is absolutely top of the line & has my Complete & Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1024342307624103937}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |} ==== 2018 House elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !District !Candidate !Result |- |{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[Alabama's 2nd congressional district|AL-02]] |''[[Martha Roby]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 22, 2018 |title=Congresswoman Martha Roby of Alabama has been a consistent and reliable vote for our Make America Great Again Agenda. She is in a Republican Primary run-off against a recent Nancy Pelosi voting Democrat. I fully endorse Martha for Alabama 2nd Congressional District! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1010126805850902528|via=Twitter}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[Arizona's 8th congressional district|AZ-08]] |''[[Debbie Lesko]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Apr 24, 2018 |title=Arizona, please get out today and vote @DebbieLesko for Congress in #AZ08. Strong on Border, Immigration and Crime. Great on the Military. Time is ticking down - get out and VOTE today. We need Debbie in Congress! |user=realDonalTrump |number=988840512571441152|via=Twitter}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|California}} [[California's 8th congressional district|CA-08]] |''[[Paul Cook (politician)|Paul Cook]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Sep 4, 2018 |title=Paul Cook is a decorated Marine Corps Veteran who loves and supports our Military and Vets. He is Strong on Crime, the Border, and supported Tax Cuts for the people of California. Paul has my total and complete Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1037081791599915008|via=Twitter}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|California}} [[California's 21st congressional district|CA-21]] |''[[Devin Nunes]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 5, 2018 |title=Vote for Congressman Devin Nunes, a true American Patriot the likes of which we rarely see in our modern day world....he truly loves our country and deserves everyone's support! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1003995933540044800|via=Twitter}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|California}} [[California's 23rd congressional district|CA-23]] |''[[Kevin McCarthy]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 5, 2018 |title=Get the vote out in California today for Rep. Kevin McCarthy and all of the great GOP candidates for Congress. Keep our country out of the hands of High Tax, High Crime Nancy Pelosi. |user=realDonalTrump |number=1003987298072002565|via=Twitter}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|California}} [[California's 48th congressional district|CA-48]] |''[[Dana Rohrabacher]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Nov 5, 2018 |title=Dana Rohrabacher has been a great Congressman for his District and for the people of Cal. He works hard and is respected by all - he produces! Dems are desperate to replace Dana by spending vast sums to elect a super liberal who is weak on Crime and bad for our Military & Vets! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1059317426653933568|via=Twitter}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|California}} [[California's 49th congressional district|CA-49]] |[[Diane Harkey]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 20, 2018 |title=.@DianeHarkey is an extraordinary woman of great accomplishment & potential. She is running as a very popular Republican for the Congressional seat of my friend Darrell Issa-with his complete support. Diane is strong on crime, loves our Military & Vets-has my total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1031719084680007680|via=Twitter}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 1st congressional district|FL-01]] |''[[Matt Gaetz]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jul 13, 2018 |title=Congressman Matt Gaetz of Florida is one of the finest and most talented people in Congress. Strong on Crime, the Border, Illegal Immigration, the 2nd Amendment, our great Military & Vets, Matt worked tirelessly on helping to get our Massive Tax Cuts. He has my Full Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1017650505043140609|via=Twitter}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 2nd congressional district|FL-02]] |''[[Neal Dunn]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 17, 2018 |title=Congressman Neal Dunn (@DunnCampaign) of Florida has done an outstanding job at everything having to do with #MAGA. Now working hard on hurricane relief and rebuild. Strong on Crime, strong on Borders, loves our Military and our Vets. Neal has my highest Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1052644447853453312|via=Twitter}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 3rd congressional district|FL-03]] |''[[Ted Yoho]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 9, 2018 |title=Congressman Ted Yoho of Florida is doing a fantastic job and has my complete and total Endorsement! Tough on Crime and Borders, Ted was really helpful on Tax Cuts. Vote all the way for Ted in the upcoming Primary - he will never let you down! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1027600571530969088|via=Twitter}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 6th congressional district|FL-06]] |[[Mike Waltz]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Nov 6, 2018 |title=Florida, very important - get out and vote for Florida Congressional Candidate Michael Waltz (R). He has my Strong Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1059896399595225089|via=Twitter}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 15th congressional district|FL-15]] |[[Ross Spano]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 24, 2018 |title=A vote for Ross Spano in FL-15 is a vote for more jobs and bigger paychecks for Florida families! It's also a vote for a leader who will stand up for our AMERICA FIRST agenda! Vote Spano on Nov. 6th! |url=https://www.facebook.com/DonaldTrump/videos/vote-ross-spano/255101881871360/ |via=Facebook}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Illinois}} [[Illinois's 14th congressional district|IL-14]] |''[[Randy Hultgren]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Nov 6, 2018 |title=Congressman Randy Hultgren (R) of Illinois is doing a great job. Get out and Vote for Randy - Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1059897349005283334|via=Twitter}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Iowa}} [[Iowa's 1st congressional district|IA-01]] |''[[Rod Blum]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 29, 2018 |title=Congressman @RodBlum of Iowa got a desperately needed Flood Wall for Cedar Rapids that was almost impossible to get. He makes a BIG difference for Iowa! Border, Military, Vets etc. We need Rod in D.C. He has my Strong Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1057106631652196354|via=Twitter}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Kansas}} [[Kansas's 3rd congressional district|KS-03]] |''[[Kevin Yoder]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jul 18, 2018 |title=Thank you to Congressman Kevin Yoder! He secured $5 BILLION for Border Security. Now we need Congress to support. Kevin has been strong on Crime, the Border, the 2nd Amendment, and he loves our Military and Vets. @RepKevinYoder has my full and total endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1019695583853010944|via=Twitter}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Kentucky}} [[Kentucky's 6th congressional district|KY-06]] |''[[Andy Barr]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 13, 2018 |title=Heading to the Great State of Kentucky - Big Rally for Congressman Andy Barr - Fantastic guy, need his vote for MAGA! Strong on Crime, Tax Cuts, Military, Vets & 2nd A. His opponent will NEVER vote for us, only for Pelosi. Andy has my Strongest Endorsement!!! See you in Kentucky. |user=realDonalTrump |number=1051168800324931584|via=Twitter}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Louisiana}} [[Louisiana's 3rd congressional district|LA-03]] |''[[Clay Higgins]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 24, 2018 |title=.@RepClayHiggins has been a great help to me on Cutting Taxes, creating great new healthcare programs at low cost, fighting for Border Security, our Military and are Vets. He is tough on Crime and has my full Endorsement. The Great State of Louisiana, we want Clay! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1011053439575576576|via=Twitter}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Maine}} [[Maine's 2nd congressional district|ME-02]] |''[[Bruce Poliquin]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 25, 2018 |title=.@BrucePoliquin from Maine is a great Congressman. He is in a tough fight against a very liberal Nancy Pelosi Democrat. Bruce has helped bring JOBS back to his State and totally protects your Great Second Amendment. We need to keep Bruce in Washington. He has my Full Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1055559438977900544|via=Twitter}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Michigan}} [[Michigan's 11th congressional district|MI-11]] |Lena Epstein<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Nov 6, 2018 |title=Epstein all the way in Michigan House 11. She is a wonderful person and, at the same time, a real fighter. Has my Strong Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1059880322500833281|via=Twitter}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Minnesota}} [[Minnesota's 1st congressional district|MN-01]] |[[Jim Hagedorn]]<ref name=":9">{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 4, 2018 |title=Just made my second stop in Minnesota for a MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN rally. We need to elect @KarinHousley to the U.S. Senate, and we need the strong leadership of @TomEmmer, @Jason2CD, @JimHagedornMN and @PeteStauber in the U.S. House! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1047984297607618565|via=Twitter}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Minnesota}} [[Minnesota's 2nd congressional district|MN-02]] |''[[Jason Lewis (Minnesota politician)|Jason Lewis]]''<ref name=":9" /> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Minnesota}} [[Minnesota's 3rd congressional district|MN-03]] |''[[Erik Paulsen]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 23, 2018 |title=Congressman Erik Paulsen of the Great State of Minnesota has done a fantastic job in cutting Taxes and Job Killing Regulations. Hard working and very smart. Keep Erik in Congress. He has my Strong Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1054588738641178624|via=Twitter}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Minnesota}} [[Minnesota's 6th congressional district|MN-06]] |''[[Tom Emmer]]''<ref name=":9" /> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Minnesota}} [[Minnesota's 7th congressional district|MN-07]] |Dave Hughes<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Sep 8, 2018 |title=Dave Hughes is running for Congress in the Great State of Minnesota. He will help us accomplish our America First policies, is strong on Crime, the Border, our 2nd Amendmen, Trade, Military and Vets. Running against Pelosi Liberal Puppet Petterson. Dave has my Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1038437927506923521|via=Twitter}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Minnesota}} [[Minnesota's 8th congressional district|MN-08]] |[[Pete Stauber]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 15, 2018 |title=.@PeteStauber won big last night in Minnesota. A big star in Hockey, he will be an even bigger star in politics. It all begins with a win in November. Pete has my complete and total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1029722249232826368|via=Twitter}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Montana}} [[Montana's at-large congressional district|MT-AL]] |''[[Greg Gianforte]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Nov 3, 2018 |title=If Chuck Schumer and Nancy Pelosi gain the majority, they will try to raise your taxes, restore job-killing regulations, shut down your coal mines and timber mills, take away your healthcare, impose socialism, and ERASE your borders. VOTE for @MattForMontana and @GregForMontana! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1058820790546821120|via=Twitter}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Nevada}} [[Nevada's 3rd congressional district|NV-03]] |[[Danny Tarkanian]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Sep 15, 2018 |title=.@DannyTarkanian of Nevada is a great friend who supports the Trump Agenda. He is Strong on Crime, the Border and our under siege 2nd Amendment. Danny Loves our Military and our Vets. He has my total and complete Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1041068591527993344|via=Twitter}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|New Jersey}} [[New Jersey's 11th congressional district|NJ-11]] |[[Jay Webber]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Sep 20, 2018 |title=.@JayWebberNJ is running for Congress in the 11th District of New Jersey. He is outstanding in every way. Strong on Borders, loves our Military and our Vets. Big Crime fighter. Jay has my Full and Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1042828275121369088|via=Twitter}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[New York's 1st congressional district|NY-01]] |''[[Lee Zeldin]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Sep 26, 2018 |title=Congressman Lee Zeldin is doing a fantastic job in D.C. Tough and smart, he loves our Country and will always be there to do the right thing. He has my Complete and Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1045003711104331776|via=Twitter}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[New York's 2nd congressional district|NY-02]] |''[[Peter King (American politician)|Peter King]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Nov 6, 2018 |title=Congressman Peter King of New York is a hardworking gem. Loves his Country and his State. Get out and VOTE for Peter! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1059833982777544705|via=Twitter}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[New York's 11th congressional district|NY-11]] |''[[Dan Donovan (politician)|Dan Donovan]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=May 30, 2018 |title=There is no one better to represent the people of N.Y. and Staten Island (a place I know very well) than @RepDanDonovan, who is strong on Borders & Crime, loves our Military & our Vets, voted for Tax Cuts and is helping me to Make America Great Again. Dan has my full endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1001973090107248641|via=Twitter}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[New York's 19th congressional district|NY-19]] |''[[John Faso]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 23, 2018 |title=Congressman John Faso of New York has worked hard and smart. Strong on Crime, Borders and our 2nd Amendment, John is respected by all. Vote for John. He has my complete and total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1054759617165754372|via=Twitter}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[New York's 22nd congressional district|NY-22]] |''[[Claudia Tenney]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Nov 5, 2018 |title=I need @claudiatenney of #NY22 to be re-elected in order to get our big plans moving. Her opponent would be a disaster. Nobody works harder than Claudia, and she is a producer. I look forward to working together with her - she has my Strongest Endorsement! Vote Claudia! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1059460759179198470|via=Twitter}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[New York's 23rd congressional district|NY-23]] |''[[Tom Reed (politician)|Tom Reed]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 3, 2018 |title=Thank you to Congressman Tom Reed of New York for your wonderful comments on our great new Trade Deal with Mexico and Canada, the USMCA. I have long ago given you my Full Endorsement, and for good reason. Keep up the Great Work! @Varneyco |user=realDonalTrump |number=1047486972976095233|via=Twitter}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[North Carolina's 9th congressional district|NC-09]] |[[Mark Harris (North Carolina politician)|Mark Harris]]<ref name=":10">{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 26, 2018 |title=Fantastic evening in Charlotte, North Carolina with great PATRIOTS. Get out and VOTE for @buddforcongress and @MarkHarrisNC9! http://Vote.GOP #MAGARally replay: facebook.com/DonaldTrump/videos/1841987799204126/ |user=realDonalTrump |number=1055987125701742592|via=Twitter}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[North Carolina's 13th congressional district|NC-13]] |''[[Ted Budd]]''<ref name=":10" /> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[2018 Ohio's 12th congressional district special election|OH-12 (special)]] |[[Troy Balderson]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jul 21, 2018 |title=Troy Balderson of Ohio is running for Congress against a Nancy Pelosi Liberal who is WEAK on Crime & Borders. Troy is the total opposite, and loves our Military, Vets & 2nd Amendment. EARLY VOTING just started with Election Day on August 7th. Troy has my Full & Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1020811550771294211}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[Ohio's 12th congressional district|OH-12]] |''[[Troy Balderson]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 25, 2018 |title=.@Troy_Balderson of Ohio is doing a great job as your Congressman, already very respected in Washington. Get out and VOTE for Troy - we need him – great guy – has my Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1055548549595873280}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district|PA-08]] |John Chrin<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 25, 2018 |title=.@JohnChrin of Pennsylvania is fantastic. He is strong on the Border, Crime, the Military, our Vets and the 2nd Amendment. He is a powerful vote for #MAGA and loves the Great State of Pennsylvania. Please get out and vote for John, he has my Total and very Strong Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1055548456469778432}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district|PA-10]] |''[[Scott Perry]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Nov 2, 2018 |title=Scott Perry of Pennsylvania is fantastic. He is strong on the Border, Crime, the Military, our Vets and the Second Amendment. Scott has my Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1058553398172237824}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district|PA-11]] |''[[Lloyd Smucker]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 25, 2018 |title=.@LloydSmuckerPA is doing a great job for the people of Pennsylvania. He is strong on the Border, Crime, the Military, our Vets and the 2nd Amendment. Lloyd has my Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1055555312864952321}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[Pennsylvania's 17th congressional district|PA-17]] |''[[Keith Rothfus]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 23, 2018 |title=.@VP Pence is heading to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania where we have both strongly endorsed one of the finest men around, Congressman Keith @RothfusForPA. He is running against #LambTheSham, who is telling... |user=realDonalTrump |number=1010522933498806278}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[2018 Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district special election|PA-18 (special)]] |[[Rick Saccone]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jan 18, 2018 |title=Will be going to Pennsylvania today in order to give my total support to RICK SACCONE, running for Congress in a Special Election (March 13). Rick is a great guy. We need more Republicans to continue our already successful agenda! |user=realDonalTrump |number=953973568035086336}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|South Carolina}} [[South Carolina's 1st congressional district|SC-01]] |[[Katie Arrington]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 12, 2018 |title=Mark Sanford has been very unhelpful to me in my campaign to MAGA. He is MIA and nothing but trouble. He is better off in Argentina. I fully endorse Katie Arrington for Congress in SC, a state I love. She is tough on crime and will continue our fight to lower taxes. VOTE Katie! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1006630395067039744}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Tennessee}} [[Tennessee's 8th congressional district|TN-08]] |''[[David Kustoff]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jul 27, 2018 |title=Congressman David Kustoff has been a champion for the Trump Agenda - I greatly appreciate his support. David is strong on crime and borders, loves our Military, Vets and Second Amendment. Get out and vote for David on Thursday, August 2nd. He has my full and total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1022936690267176971}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 8th congressional district|TX-08]] |''[[Kevin Brady]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 30, 2018 |title=Congressman Kevin Brady of Texas is so popular in his District, and far beyond, that he doesn't need any help - but I am giving it to him anyway. He is a great guy and the absolute "King" of Cutting Taxes. Highly respected by all, he loves his State & Country. Strong Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1057247021919297536}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 32nd congressional district|TX-32]] |''[[Pete Sessions]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Sep 15, 2018 |title=Congressman Pete Sessions of Texas is doing a great job. He is a fighter who will be tough on Crime and the Border, fight hard for our Second Amendment and loves our Military and our Vets. He has my full and complete Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1041065107969777664}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Virginia}} [[Virginia's 5th congressional district|VA-05]] |[[Denver Riggleman]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 29, 2018 |title=.@Denver4VA of the 5th District in Virginia is a popular guy who really knows how to get the job done! Really big help with Tax Cuts, the Military and our great Vets. He has my Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1057106123260678144}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Virginia}} [[Virginia's 7th congressional district|VA-07]] |''[[Dave Brat]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 18, 2018 |title=Congressman @DaveBratVA7th is one of the hardest working, and smartest, people in Washington. He is strong on the Border, Crime, the Military, our Vets and the 2nd Amendment. He is a powerful vote for MAGA and loves the Great State of Virginia. Dave has my Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1052914382986973184}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Washington}} [[Washington's 5th congressional district|WA-05]] |''[[Cathy McMorris Rodgers]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 29, 2018 |title=Congresswoman @cathymcmorris of Washington State is an incredible leader who is respected by everyone in Congress. We need her badly in D.C. to keep building on #MAGA. She has my Strong Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1057108130662899713}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|West Virginia}} [[West Virginia's 3rd congressional district|WV-03]] |[[Carol Miller (politician)|Carol Miller]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Nov 2, 2018 |title=I need the people of West Virginia to send a message to Chuck Schumer, Maxine Waters, Nancy Pelosi and the Radical Democrats by voting for Carol Miller and Patrick Morrisey! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1058498592208494592}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Wisconsin}} [[Wisconsin's 1st congressional district|WI-01]] |[[Bryan Steil]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 15, 2018 |title=Congratulations to Bryan Steil on a wonderful win last night. You will be replacing a great guy in Paul Ryan, and your win in November will make the entire State of Wisconsin very proud. You have my complete and total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1029717928130818048}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |} ==== 2018 state executive elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Office !Candidate !Result |- |{{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} [[2018 Georgia Secretary of State election|Georgia]] |[[Georgia Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] |[[Brad Raffensperger]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=July 21, 2018 |title=Brad Raffensperger will be a fantastic Secretary of State for Georgia - will work closely with @BrianKempGA. It is really important that you get out and vote for Brad - early voting.... |user=realDonalTrump |number=1020808378594054144}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2018 Texas elections#Commissioner of the General Land Office|Texas]] |[[Texas General Land Office#Texas Land Commissioner|Land Commissioner]] |''[[George P. Bush]]''<ref name=":8">{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Feb 27, 2018 |title=Texas LC George P. Bush backed me when it wasn't the politically correct thing to do, and I back him now. Also, AC Sid Miller has been with me from the beginning, he is "Trump's Man in Texas." Also support Comptroller Glenn Hegar, and Railroad Commissioner Christi Craddick. |user=realDonalTrump |number=968620661349470209}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2018 Texas elections#Railroad Commissioner|Texas]] |[[Railroad Commission of Texas#Commissioners|Railroad Commissioner]] |''[[Christi Craddick]]''<ref name=":8" /> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2018 Texas elections#Comptroller of Public Accounts|Texas]] |[[Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts#List of Texas comptrollers|Comptroller of Public Accounts]] |''[[Glenn Hegar]]''<ref name=":8" /> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2018 Texas elections#Commissioner of Agriculture|Texas]] |[[Texas Department of Agriculture#Commissioners of the Texas Department of Agriculture|Commissioner of Agriculture]] |''[[Sid Miller (politician)|Sid Miller]]''<ref name=":8" /> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2018 Texas lieutenant gubernatorial election|Texas]] |[[Lieutenant Governor of Texas|Lieutenant Governor]] |''[[Dan Patrick (politician)|Dan Patrick]]''<ref name=":7" /> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2018 Texas Attorney General election|Texas]] |[[Texas Attorney General|Attorney General]] |''[[Ken Paxton]]''<ref name=":7" /> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |} ==== 2019 Speaker of the House of Representatives election ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Position !Candidate !Result |- |{{Flagicon|United States}} [[2019 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election|Speaker]] |[[Nancy Pelosi]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Nov 7, 2018 |title=In all fairness, Nancy Pelosi deserves to be chosen Speaker of the House by the Democrats. If they give her a hard time, perhaps we will add some Republican votes. She has earned this great honor! |user=DonaldTrump |number=1060162807960870913}}</ref> ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]) |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |} ==== 2019 gubernatorial elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Result |- |{{flagicon|Kentucky}} [[2019 Kentucky gubernatorial election|Kentucky]] |''[[Matt Bevin]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 15, 2019 |title=Governor @MattBevin has done a wonderful job for the people of Kentucky! He continues to protect your very important Second Amendment. Matt is Strong on Crime and the Border, he Loves our Great Vets and Military. Matt has my Complete and Total Endorsement, and always has! | |user=realDonaldTrump |number=1184129465070297090}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- | rowspan="2" |{{flagicon|Louisiana}} [[2019 Louisiana gubernatorial election|Louisiana]] |[[Eddie Rispone]] ''(co-endorsement with Abraham)''<ref name="auto2">{{cite web | last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 1, 2019 |title=REPUBLICANS of Louisiana, it is really important for you to go out and vote on October 12th for either Eddie Rispone or Ralph Abraham (both Great), which will lead to a runoff against.... |url=https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1179157911374897166}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost runoff |- |[[Ralph Abraham (politician)|Ralph Abraham]] ''(co-endorsement with Rispone)''<ref name="auto2" /> |{{Icon|no}} Lost primary |- |{{flagicon|Mississippi}} [[2019 Mississippi gubernatorial election|Mississippi]] |[[Tate Reeves]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 2, 2019 |title=Mississippi, there is a VERY important election for Governor on November 5th. I need you to Get Out and Vote for our Great Republican nominee, @TateReeves. Tate is strong on Crime, tough on Illegal Immigration, and will protect your Second Amendment.... |user=realDonalTrump |number=1179538517992595458}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |} ==== 2019 House elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !District !Candidate !Result |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[2019 North Carolina's 3rd congressional district special election|NC-03 (special)]] |[[Greg Murphy (politician)|Greg Murphy]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Sep 4, 2019 |title=State Rep Greg Murphy is running for Congress in North Carolina, District 3. We really need Greg in Washington. He is great w/ the Military, our Vets, & your 2A. Strong on Crime and the Border, has had my Total Endorsement for a long time. Please vote for Greg on September 10th! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1169366511439552512}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[2019 North Carolina's 9th congressional district special election|NC-09 (special)]] |[[Dan Bishop]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=May 16, 2019 |title=Congratulations to Dan Bishop on his big Republican Primary victory in the 9th Congressional District of North Carolina. Dan is strong on Crime, Loves our Military, Vets, 2A, and great Healthcare. He has my Complete and Total Endorsement! #MAGA |user=realDonalTrump |number=1129067332725297152}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[2019 Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district special election|PA-12 (special)]] |[[Fred Keller (politician)|Fred Keller]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=May 20, 2019 |title=Fred Keller of the Great State of Pennsylvania has been an outstanding State Representative. Now he is running as the Republican Nominee for Congress, and has my Complete and Total Endorsement. He will do a fantastic job - I look forward to seeing everyone tonight! #MAGA |user=realDonalTrump |number=1130535532868571137}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |} ==== 2019 state court elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Office !Candidate !Result |- |{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[2019 Pennsylvania elections#Judge of the Superior Court|Pennsylvania]] |Superior Court Judge |[[Megan McCarthy King]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=May 20, 2019 |title=Megan King, who is running for Superior Court Judge in the Pennsylvania election, has my Full and Total Endorsement. She is tough on crime and fully understands all aspects of the law. Vote for Megan tomorrow (Tuesday). |user=realDonalTrump |number=1130655064631238658}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |} ==== 2019 state executive elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Office !Candidate !Result |- |{{flagicon|Kentucky}} [[2019 Kentucky Attorney General election|Kentucky]] |[[Attorney General of Kentucky|Attorney General]] |[[Daniel Cameron (American politician)|Daniel Cameron]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jul 29, 2019 |title=The Republican Party has a new STAR, his name is Daniel Cameron (@djaycameron), and he is running for Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Kentucky.... |user=realDonalTrump |number=1155938087886700544}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |} ==== 2019 state legislative elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Office !Candidate !Result |- |{{flagicon|Virginia}} [[2019 Virginia Senate election#District 13|Virginia]] |State Senator |[[Geary Higgins]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Nov 4, 2019 |title=Great Republican Geary Higgins has my complete and total Endorsement for Virginia Senate, 13th District. He is strong on Crime, the Border, our Military, Cutting Taxes, and protecting your 2nd Amendment. Dem John Bell will take your guns & raise your taxes. Vote for Geary Higgins |user=realDonalTrump |number=1191218806468820994}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |} ==== 2020 Senate elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Result |- |{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[2020 United States Senate election in Alabama|Alabama]] |[[Tommy Tuberville]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Mar 10, 2020 |title=....(which is under siege), is strong on Crime and the Border, and truly LOVES our Military and our Vets. He will be a great Senator for the people of Alabama. Coach Tommy Tuberville, a winner, has my Complete and Total Endorsement. I love Alabama! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1237557412048986120}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Alaska}} [[2020 United States Senate election in Alaska|Alaska]] |''[[Dan Sullivan (U.S. senator)|Dan Sullivan]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Dec 17, 2019 |title=Senator Dan Sullivan is doing a great job for the people of Alaska while supporting our #MAGA Agenda. He fights hard everyday to support our Veterans and the Military. Dan is Strong on the #2A and is 100% pro-jobs. I give Dan Sullivan my Complete and Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1207053956142292994}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[2020 United States Senate special election in Arizona|Arizona (special)]] |''[[Martha McSally]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 25, 2019 |title=....Martha is strong on Crime and Borders, the 2nd Amendment, and loves our Military and Vets. She has my Complete and Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1143601087238172672}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Colorado}} [[2020 United States Senate election in Colorado|Colorado]] |''[[Cory Gardner]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 29, 2020 |title=Senator @CoryGardner from Colorado is a GREAT Senator who always fights for the people of his state. He protects your #2A, loves our Vets and Military, and cares deeply about our BEAUTIFUL public lands. Cory has my Complete and Total Endorsement! #COSEN |user=realDonalTrump |number=1277683493179400193}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} [[2020–21 United States Senate election in Georgia|Georgia]] |''[[David Perdue]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 11, 2020 |title=We need our Great David Perdue (@PerdueSenate) in the Senate to Drain the Swamp & Make America Great Again! His Radical Liberal opponent, Jon Ossoff (who we beat in 2017), supports LAWLESS Sanctuary Cities, wants to raise your taxes, & weaken our Great Military. He is a puppet... |user=realDonalTrump |number=1271163756144279552}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost runoff |- |{{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} [[2020–21 United States Senate special election in Georgia|Georgia (special)]] |''[[Kelly Loeffler]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Nov 16, 2020 |title=I strongly stand with Kelly & David. They are both great and MUST WIN! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1328330303103000577}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost runoff |- |{{flagicon|Idaho}} [[2020 United States Senate election in Idaho|Idaho]] |''[[Jim Risch]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 16, 2019 |title=Senator Jim Risch of the Great State of Idaho has been an incredible supporter of our Agenda! He is tough on Crime, Strong on Borders, and will continue to fight for our Second Amendment. Jim will never let you down. He has my Full and Complete Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1162414717505277952}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Iowa}} [[2020 United States Senate election in Iowa|Iowa]] |''[[Joni Ernst]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 11, 2020 |title=...Unlike her Radical Liberal opponent, Theresa Greenfield, and Theresa's failed record in real estate, Joni stands for Iowa. Vote for Joni Ernst on November 3rd, a big day for us all! #IASEN |user=realDonalTrump |number=1271166412019527680}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Kansas}} [[2020 United States Senate election in Kansas|Kansas]] |[[Roger Marshall]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 5, 2020 |title=A great race run by Roger against a very tough and smart opponent. Roger loves Kansas and will represent it incredibly well. He has my Complete and Total Endorsement. Will be a Big Win on November 3rd. This is not the opponent the Democrats wanted! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1290952940602130437}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Kentucky}} [[2020 United States Senate election in Kentucky|Kentucky]] |''[[Mitch McConnell]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 19, 2020 |title=Senator Mitch McConnell (@Team_Mitch) always delivers for the people of Kentucky, who will hopefully re-elect their powerful Senate Majority Leader. Mitch has helped us Make America Great Again, and has my Complete and Total Endorsement! #KYSEN secure.winred.com/mitchmcconnell/ |user=realDonalTrump |number=1274074948743630853}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Louisiana}} [[2020 United States Senate election in Louisiana|Louisiana]] |''[[Bill Cassidy]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Mar 2, 2020 |title=THANK YOU @BillCassidy for all of your support with our #MAGA Agenda. You are doing an outstanding job representing the people of Louisiana & the U.S.A. You have my Complete and Total Endorsement! #KAG2020 |user=realDonalTrump |number=1234566159774756864}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Michigan}} [[2020 United States Senate election in Michigan|Michigan]] |[[John James (Michigan politician)|John James]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Apr 18, 2020 |title=John James will be a GREAT Senator for Michigan! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1251549076786733056}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Minnesota}} [[2020 United States Senate election in Minnesota|Minnesota]] |[[Jason Lewis (Minnesota politician)|Jason Lewis]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 10, 2020 |title=Jason Lewis (@LewisForMN) will be an incredible Senator for the State of Minnesota! He is a proven leader who will help us Lower your Taxes, Protect our Communities and Defend your Second Amendment… |user=realDonalTrump |number=1292880641311334400}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Mississippi}} [[2020 United States Senate election in Mississippi|Mississippi]] |''[[Cindy Hyde-Smith]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 21, 2020 |title=Senator @CindyHydeSmith delivers for Mississippi! She helped us Cut your Taxes, Secure our Border, and Defend the Second Amendment. Cindy's opponent, Mike Espy, is a Corrupt Politician who will Raise your Taxes and Open your Borders! Vote for Cindy! #MSSEN secure.winred.com/cindy-hyde-smith/donate |user=realDonalTrump |number=1319017749931319297}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Montana}} [[2020 United States Senate election in Montana|Montana]] |''[[Steve Daines]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 5, 2020 |title=True. Steve is a GREAT SENATOR. Need him badly in Washington. Complete and Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1268879488223522816}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Nebraska}} [[2020 United States Senate election in Nebraska|Nebraska]] |''[[Ben Sasse]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Sep 10, 2019 |title=Senator Ben Sasse has done a wonderful job representing the people of Nebraska. He is great with our Vets, the Military, and your very important Second Amendment. Strong on Crime and the Border, Ben has my Complete and Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1171595113673347072}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|New Hampshire}} [[2020 United States Senate election in New Hampshire|New Hampshire]] |Bryant "Corky" Messner<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 12, 2020 |title=Corky Messner (@CorkyForSenate) will be a fantastic Senator for New Hampshire! A West Point graduate, he served our Country in the Army with distinction. Strong on Jobs, Crime, Vets, Military and the Second Amendment... |user=realDonalTrump |number=1271482304716845057}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[2020 United States Senate election in North Carolina|North Carolina]] |''[[Thom Tillis]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 25, 2019 |title=Senator Thom Tillis of North Carolina has really stepped up to the plate. Thom is tough on Crime, Strong on the Border and fights hard against Illegal Immigration. He loves our Military, our Vets and our great Second Amendment. I give Thom my Full and Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1143645216907378695}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Oklahoma}} [[2020 United States Senate election in Oklahoma|Oklahoma]] |''[[Jim Inhofe]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Mar 9, 2020 |title=THANK YOU, Jim, for your incredible support of our #MAGA Agenda! You are a tremendous Senator for the people of the Great State of Oklahoma and you have my Complete and Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1237130072571731968}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|South Carolina}} [[2020 United States Senate election in South Carolina|South Carolina]] |''[[Lindsey Graham]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 7, 2020 |title=Senator @LindseyGrahamSC is a good friend and strong voice for the people of South Carolina. He's helped us confirm GREAT Judges, rebuild the Military, and keep our Country SAFE. Strong on Life and our Vets. Lindsey has my Complete and Total Endorsement! secure.winred.com/team-graham/donate |user=realDonalTrump |number=1269703029588209665}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|South Dakota}} [[2020 United States Senate election in South Dakota|South Dakota]] |''[[Mike Rounds]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 2, 2020 |title=Senator Mike Rounds (@RoundsforSenate) continues to deliver for South Dakota! Mike is working hard for our incredible Farmers and he is strong on Trade, Military, our Vets, and the Second Amendment. Mike has my Complete and Total Endorsement! #SDSen secure.winred.com/rounds/home |user=realDonalTrump |number=1267809766627315712}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Tennessee}} [[2020 United States Senate election in Tennessee|Tennessee]] |[[Bill Hagerty]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jul 12, 2019 |title=Tennessee loving Bill Hagerty, who was my Tennessee Victoy Chair and is now the very outstanding Ambassador to Japan, will be running for the U.S. Senate. He is strong on crime, borders & our 2nd A. Loves our Military & our Vets. Has my Complete & Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1149779387077791749}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2020 United States Senate election in Texas|Texas]] |''[[John Cornyn]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Feb 21, 2019 |title=Senator John Cornyn has done an outstanding job for the people of Texas. He is strong on Crime, the Border, the Second Amendment and loves our Military and Vets. John has my complete and total endorsement. MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1098676390780719104}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|West Virginia}} [[2020 United States Senate election in West Virginia|West Virginia]] |''[[Shelley Moore Capito]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=May 1, 2020 |title=....Together we will Fight for Small Businesses and Protect American Energy workers! Shelley has my Complete and Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1256313938247127041}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Wyoming}} [[2020 United States Senate election in Wyoming|Wyoming]] |[[Cynthia Lummis]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 13, 2020 |title=...She will be a great Senator, and has my Complete and Total Endorsement! secure.winred.com/lummis-for-wyoming/senate_red?sc=winred-directory |user=realDonalTrump |number=1294051967933841415}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |} ==== 2020 House elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !District !Candidate !Result |- |{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[Alabama's 1st congressional district|AL-01]] |[[Jerry Carl]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Sep 23, 2020 |title=We need Jerry Carl (@CarlForAlabama) in Congress for the People of Alabama! He Loves our Veterans, Stands for Law & Order, and is Strong on Jobs and the Second Amendment. Jerry has my Complete and Total Endorsement! #AL01 |user=realDonalTrump |number=1308870438542508032}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[Alabama's 2nd congressional district|AL-02]] |[[Barry Moore (American politician)|Barry Moore]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Sep 23, 2020 |title=Barry Moore (@RepBarryMoore) will be a terrific Congressman for Alabama! An early supporter of our #MAGA agenda, he is Strong on Jobs, Life, the Wall, Law & Order and the Second Amendment. Barry has my Complete and Total Endorsement! #AL02 secure.winred.com/barrymoore/donate |user=realDonalTrump |number=1308870520281104385}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[Alabama's 5th congressional district|AL-05]] |''[[Mo Brooks]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Feb 14, 2020 |title=.@MoInTheHouse Brooks is running for Congress in the Great State of Alabama. He is a huge supporter of the #MAGA Agenda. Mo fully supports Securing our Border w/the WALL, he Loves our Military & Vets, & is Strong on the #2A. Mo has my Complete Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1228438881969885184}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Alaska}} [[Alaska's at-large congressional district|AK-AL]] |''[[Don Young]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 13, 2020 |title=.@DonYoungAK really produces for Alaska. He is an incredible Congressman who loves his State and works tirelessly for it. Strong on Public Lands, Energy, and our Second Amendment. He will never let you down, and has my Complete and Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1294052825845182464}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[Arizona's 1st congressional district|AZ-01]] |Tiffany Shedd<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 10, 2020 |title=We need Tiffany Shedd (@Tiffany_Shedd) in Congress to fight for the people of Arizona! She will be a tremendous ally and advocate for Arizona's Farmers, the Second Amendment and the Border. Tiffany has my Complete and Total Endorsement! #AZ01 |user=realDonalTrump |number=1315091499823099909}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[Arizona's 4th congressional district|AZ-04]] |''[[Paul Gosar]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jul 3, 2020 |title=Congressman @DrPaulGosar is a tremendous supporter of our #MAGA agenda! He is Strong on the Wall, Law Enforcement and the Second Amendment, and he always puts America First! Paul has my Complete and Total Endorsement. #AZ04 |user=realDonalTrump |number=1279161110336278531}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[Arizona's 8th congressional district|AZ-08]] |''[[Debbie Lesko]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Feb 8, 2020 |title=Total and complete Endorsement for Debbie Lesko! @RepDLesko Love Arizona. |user=realDonalTrump |number=1226231262928678915}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|California}} [[California's 4th congressional district|CA-04]] |''[[Tom McClintock]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Feb 14, 2020 |title=.@TomMcClintock is a strong Conservative Leader who will always fight for the people of California. He fully supports our #MAGA Agenda, will continue to Secure Our Border, Loves our Military & Vets, & is Strong on the #2A. Tom has my Complete Endorsement! secure.winred.com/mcclintock/donate |user=realDonalTrump |number=1228442887081295873}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|California}} [[California's 8th congressional district|CA-08]] |[[Jay Obernolte]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Feb 12, 2020 |title=.@JayObernolte of California is running for Congress in 2020. Jay will help me to continue securing the Southern Border, he Loves our GREAT Law Enforcement Officers, Military, Vets, and he will protect your #2A. Jay has my Complete and Total Endorsement! secure.winred.com/JayObernolte/donate |user=realDonalTrump |number=1227702453052813312}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|California}} [[2020 California's 25th congressional district special election|CA-25]] |[[Mike Garcia (politician)|Mike Garcia]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Apr 20, 2020 |title=...He is Strong on Crime, the Border, and Second Amendment. Mike has my Complete and Total Endorsement! Turn your Ballots in now and track them, watching for dishonesty. Report to Law Enforcement. secure.winred.com/mikegarcia/donate/ |user=realDonalTrump |number=1252417321685053440}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|California}} [[California's 43rd congressional district|CA-43]] |Joe Collins<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 12, 2020 |title=Maxine Waters has long been considered "the most corrupt person in Congress". Only habit keeps her there. Vote for Joe E. Collins lll and get this long time CROOK, Maxine Waters, out of office!!! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1315659219287314433}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|California}} [[California's 50th congressional district|CA-50]] |''[[Darrell Issa]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jul 2, 2020 |title=Darrell always has had my full support and complete and total Endorsement. We need him badly in Washington! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1278830576141729792}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Colorado}} [[Colorado's 3rd congressional district|CO-03]] |[[Lauren Boebert]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Sep 10, 2020 |title=.@LaurenBoebert is a tremendous fighter for the people of Colorado! A Rising Star, Lauren is Strong on the Second Amendment, Jobs, Energy, Healthcare and our incredible Military & Vets. Lauren has my Complete and Total Endorsement! #CO03 secure.winred.com/lauren-boebert-for-congress/donate |user=realDonalTrump |number=1304166640112881664}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Colorado}} [[Colorado's 3rd congressional district|CO-03]] |''[[Scott Tipton]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Dec 20, 2019 |title=Congressman @ScottRTipton is a great supporter of the #MAGA Agenda! He fights for your #2A rights and the Border Wall. Scott is working hard for Colorado and has my Complete and Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1208129708690464771}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost primary |- |{{flagicon|Colorado}} [[Colorado's 4th congressional district|CO-04]] |''[[Ken Buck]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 21, 2020 |title=Congressman Ken Buck (@BuckForColorado) is a champion for the incredible People of Colorado! He is Strong on Law & Order, Low Taxes, Border Security, our Military & Vets, and he will always defend your Second Amendment. Ken has my Complete and Total Endorsement! #CO04 |user=realDonalTrump |number=1319017831766368259}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 3rd congressional district|FL-03]] |[[Kat Cammack]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Sep 10, 2020 |title=.@Kat_Cammack will be an incredible Congresswoman and leader for Florida! A Successful Businesswoman, she strongly supports our Brave First Responders & Law Enforcement, Life and the Second Amendment! Kat has my Complete and Total Endorsement #FL03 secure.winred.com/katcammack/donate |user=realDonalTrump |number=1304166604972924929}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 4th congressional district|FL-04]] |''[[Bill Posey]]''<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Apr 23, 2020 |title=Congressman Bill Posey is a tremendous fighter for the Great State of Florida. He is a big supporter of our #MAGA Agenda – Strong on Crime, the Second Amendment, and Loves our Veterans and Law Enforcement. Bill has my Complete and Total Endorsement! |user=realDonalTrump |number=1253467417482801154}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |} === Between presidential terms === ==== 2022 gubernatorial elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Result |- |{{flagicon|Alaska}} [[2022 Alaska gubernatorial election|Alaska]] |''[[Mike Dunleavy (politician)|Mike Dunleavy]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Liz |date=Dec 28, 2021 |title=NEW! President Donald J. Trump:"Mike Dunleavy has been a strong and consistent Conservative since his time in the Alaska State Senate. I was proud to endorse his first run for Governor, and I am proud to support his reelection, too. From his handling of the virus, support... |url=https://x.com/realLizUSA/status/1475950916985630728}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[2022 Arizona gubernatorial election|Arizona]] |[[Kari Lake]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Liz |date=Sep 28, 2021 |title=NEW! President Donald J. Trump announces his endorsement of Kari Lake for Governor of Arizona |url=https://x.com/realLizUSA/status/1442973485395968005}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Arkansas}} [[2022 Arkansas gubernatorial election|Arkansas]] |[[Sarah Huckabee Sanders]]<ref>{{Cite web |last= Huckabee Sanders |first=Sarah |date=Jan 25, 2021 |title=Thank you President Trump for your endorsement and for always believing in me. As governor I will defend our freedom and lead with heart |url=https://x.com/SarahHuckabee/status/1353919930333327360}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} [[2022 Georgia gubernatorial election|Georgia]] |[[David Perdue]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Liz |date=Dec 6, 2021 |title=NEW! President Donald J. Trump announces his endorsement of David Perdue for Governor of Georgia |url=https://x.com/realLizUSA/status/1468014176719314948}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost primary |- |{{flagicon|Idaho}} [[2022 Idaho gubernatorial election|Idaho]] |[[Janice McGeachin]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Liz |date=Nov 9, 2021 |title= NEW! President Donald J. Trump announces his endorsement of Janice McGeachin for Governor of Idaho |url=https://x.com/realLizUSA/status/1458221166867501060}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost primary |- |{{flagicon|Illinois}} [[2022 Illinois gubernatorial election|Illinois]] |[[Darren Bailey]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=Jun 25, 2022 |title=Former President Trump Endorses Darren Bailey in Race for Illinois Governor |url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/former-president-trump-endorses-darren-bailey-in-race-for-illinois-governor/2866296/ |publisher=NBC Chicago}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Iowa}} [[2022 Iowa gubernatorial election|Iowa]] |''[[Kim Reynolds]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 4, 2022 |title=Kim Reynolds is a strong leader and fantastic Governor for the incredible people of Iowa!" Trump's statement read. "Kim Reynolds is an America First Conservative, and she has my Complete and Total Endorsement! |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/news-k3xzvqrxbz0 |website=DonaldJTrump.com |access-date=July 15, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607080213/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/news-k3xzvqrxbz0 |archive-date=June 7, 2022}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Kansas}} [[2022 Kansas gubernatorial election|Kansas]] |[[Derek Schmidt]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Harrington |first=Liz |user=realLizUSA |number=1458221166867501060 |date=November 9, 2021 |title= NEW! President Donald J. Trump announces his endorsement of Derek Schmidt for Governor of Kansas}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Maryland}} [[2022 Maryland gubernatorial election|Maryland]] |[[Dan Cox]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Liz |date=Nov 22, 2021 |title= NEW! President Donald J. Trump announces his endorsement of Dan Cox for Governor of Maryland |url=https://x.com/realLizUSA/status/1462906941257269259}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Massachusetts}} [[2022 Massachusetts gubernatorial election|Massachusetts]] |[[Geoff Diehl]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Liz |date=Oct 5, 2021 |title= NEW! President Donald J. Trump announces his endorsement of Geoff Diehl against "RINO" Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker |url=https://x.com/realLizUSA/status/1445536859073908738}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Michigan}} [[2022 Michigan gubernatorial election|Michigan]] |[[Tudor Dixon]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 22, 2022 |title=Tudor Dixon MUST defeat Gretchen Whitmer in November! I have talked to Tudor about the race and her choice of a running mate, Shane Hernandez. Since then, I have checked and found him to be an outstanding person. In fact, he was named Michigan's most Conservative legislator, and is strongly committed to Election Integrity. The MAGA movement should support the ticket! This is who Tudor wants and therefore, Shane is who I want as your next Lieutenant Governor… |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/108869239755629273 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Minnesota}} [[2022 Minnesota gubernatorial election|Minnesota]] |[[Scott Jensen (Minnesota politician)|Scott Jensen]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 25, 2022 |title=Minnesota finally has a chance to have a great Governor. His name is Dr. Scott Jensen, the Republican Gubernatorial Candidate, and he will bring Minnesota back from the brink. Strong on both fighting Crime and delivering Solid and Sensible Education, the results will be quickly seen - and there won't be any more fiery takeovers of police precincts. Minnesota will be Great Again. Dr. Scott Jensen has my Complete and Total Endorsement! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/109232524594099405 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Nebraska}} [[2022 Nebraska gubernatorial election|Nebraska]] |[[Charles Herbster]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=May 10, 2022 |title=Nebraska, go out and vote today for Charles W. Herbster. He will be a great Governor! |url=https://truthsocial.com/users/realDonaldTrump/statuses/108277388770242605 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost primary |- |{{flagicon|Nevada}} [[2022 Nevada gubernatorial election|Nevada]] |[[Joe Lombardo]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Liz |date=Apr 27, 2022 |title=NEW! President Donald J. Trump announces his endorsement of Joe Lombardo for Governor of Nevada |url=https://x.com/realLizUSA/status/1519477479974522880}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|New Mexico}} [[2022 New Mexico gubernatorial election|New Mexico]] |Mark Ronchetti<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 31, 2022 |title=New Mexico has an absolutely terrible Governor, Michelle Lujan Grisham. She is WEAK on Crime, bad on the Border where illegal aliens are pouring into our Country at record numbers, & has almost no support from Law Enforcement, which fully understands what a disaster she has been. Also, Drugs & Human Trafficking are OUT OF CONTROL. The good news is that Republican Nominee Mark Ronchetti is outstanding. He will be tough & smart on Crime, the Border & everything else. Mark as my Total Endorsement! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/109261470831895118 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[2022 New York gubernatorial election|New York]] |[[Lee Zeldin]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 16, 2022 |title=I have watched and known Congressman Lee Zeldin for many years. He is a great and brilliant lawyer who was a "must see" for others in Congress when they had a complex legal problem that was holding up legislation. Lee was strong on the Border, Crime, our great Military & Vets (like few others!), and fought hard to protect our 2nd Amendment, and succeeded. Lee Zeldin is a WINNER who GOT THINGS DONE. He will be a GREAT Governor of New York, and has my Complete & Total Endorsement. GOOD LUCK LEE! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/109177903368464493 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[2022 Ohio gubernatorial election|Ohio]] |''[[Mike DeWine]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last= DeWine |first=Mike |date=Sep 7, 2022 |title=Lt. Governor @JonHusted and I are grateful for President Trump's support! Thank you. #WinningForOH |url=https://x.com/MikeDeWine/status/1567651155504775169}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Oklahoma}} [[2022 Oklahoma gubernatorial election|Oklahoma]] |''[[Kevin Stitt]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Liz |date=Mar 14, 2022 |title=NEW! President Donald J. Trump announces his endorsement of Governor Kevin Stitt |url=https://x.com/realLizUSA/status/1503475090666754055}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[2022 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election|Pennsylvania]] |[[Doug Mastriano]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 16, 2022 |title=Doug Mastriano will be a GREAT Governor for Pennsylvania. I know him well and he is a fantastic guy who will fight totally out of control Violent Crime (his opponent is pathetic on fighting Crime), Strengthen our Borders, Protect Life, Defend our Second Amendment, and help our Military and our Vets. Doug is a fighter like few others, and has been with me right from the beginning. He will NEVER let you down. Doug Mastriano, an outstanding WARRIOR & PATRIOT, has my Complete and Total Endorsement! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/109192353202698867 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|South Carolina}} [[2022 South Carolina gubernatorial election|South Carolina]] |''[[Henry McMaster]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=McMaster |first=Henry |date=Mar 8, 2021 |title=My re-election campaign has been endorsed by President Donald J. Trump, and I am incredibly grateful. Now, I'm asking for your endorsement. Please make a donation today! #MAGA secure.winred.com/mcmaster-evette-2022/djt-endorsement-s/thank-you/preview |url=https://x.com/henrymcmaster/status/1369047979949232129}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|South Dakota}} [[2022 South Dakota gubernatorial election|South Dakota]] |''[[Kristi Noem]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Liz |date=Feb 8, 2022 |title=NEW! President Donald J. Trump announces his endorsement of Governor Kristi Noem |url=https://x.com/realLizUSA/status/1491149829468160001}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Tennessee}} [[2022 Tennessee gubernatorial election|Tennessee]] |''[[Bill Lee (Tennessee politician)|Bill Lee]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Liz |date=Aug 13, 2021 |title=NEW! President Donald J. Trump announces his endorsement of Tennessee Governor Bill Lee |url=https://x.com/realLizUSA/status/1426256022230945792}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2022 Texas gubernatorial election|Texas]] |''[[Greg Abbott]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abbott |first=Greg |date=Jun 30, 2021 |title=President Trump: "Thank you Greg. What a great partner you've been for 4 years… I gave him a complete & total endorsement… You have done a great job & it's an honor to be with you." Thank you, President Trump. TX is grateful for our shared commitment to secure the border. |url=https://x.com/GregAbbott_TX/status/1410375871005966340}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Wisconsin}} [[2022 Wisconsin gubernatorial election|Wisconsin]] |Tim Michels<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 9, 2022 |title=Congratulations to Tim Michels on his win against a wonderful and highly-competitive opponent, Rebecca Kleefisch. I know both sides will come together and defeat one of the worst Governors in the Country, Tony Evers. |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/108796564343503982 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |} ==== 2022 Senate elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Result |- |rowspan="2"|{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[2022 United States Senate election in Alabama|Alabama]] |<s>[[Mo Brooks]]</s> ''(rescinded endorsement)''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Liz |date=Jul 10, 2021 |title="I see that the RINO Sen from Ala, close friend of Old Crow Mitch McConnell, Richard Shelby, is pushing hard to have his "assistant" fight the great Mo Brooks for his Senate seat. She is not in any way qualified and is certainly not what our Country needs...Vote for Mo Brooks!" |url=https://x.com/realLizUSA/status/1413991469380247556}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Liz |date=Mar 23, 2022 |title=NEW! President Donald J. Trump: "Mo Brooks of Alabama made a horrible mistake recently when he went "woke" and stated, referring to the 2020 Presidential Election Scam, "Put that behind you, put that behind you," despite the fact that the Election was rife with fraud and… |url=https://x.com/realLizUSA/status/1506604116662964232}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost primary |- |[[Katie Britt]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Britt |first=Katie |date=Jun 10, 2022 |title=President Trump knows that Alabamians are sick and tired of failed, do-nothing career politicians. In the Senate, I will fight to defend Alabama's values, advance the America First agenda, and preserve the American Dream for generations to come. #alsen |url=https://x.com/KatieBrittforAL/status/1535451426238906368}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Alaska}} [[2022 United States Senate election in Alaska|Alaska]] |Kelly Tshibaka<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jul 9, 2022 |title=On my way to Alaska to get rid of the horrible Alaska-Hating Lisa Murkowski. Speech honoring Kelly Tshibaka and Sarah Palin—big crowd (Alaska record-setting!) in Anchorage. See you soon! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/108619667749492625 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[2022 United States Senate election in Arizona|Arizona]] |[[Blake Masters]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jul 29, 2022 |title=Blake Masters yes, all the way! Will be a BIG WIN FOR ARIZONA! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/108730475995354829 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Arkansas}} [[2022 United States Senate election in Arkansas|Arkansas]] |''[[John Boozman]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boozman |first=John |date=Mar 8, 2021 |title=I'm grateful to have Pres. Trump's endorsement for my re-election to the Senate. We worked together to lower taxes, roll back regulations, secure our border, defend our Second Amendment rights and Protect Life. #arpx |url=https://x.com/Boozman4AR/status/1369088471785218049}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Connecticut}} [[2022 United States Senate election in Connecticut|Connecticut]] |[[Leora Levy]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 4, 2022 |title=Endorsement of Leora Levy… |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/108767642231474063 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[2022 United States Senate election in Florida|Florida]] |''[[Marco Rubio]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Apr 9, 2021 |title=It is my honor to give U.S. Senator Marco Rubio my Complete and Total Endorsement. Marco has been a tireless advocate for the people of Florida, fighting to cut taxes, supporting our Second Amendment, our Military and our Vets, a strong national defense, and all of the forgotten men and women of America. Together, we worked closely with the Cuban and Venezuelan communities, and have made great progress. He also ruled that 'President Trump was in no way involved with Russia,' as he presided over the Senate Intelligence Committee on the FAKE Russia, Russia, Russia Hoax. Marco will never let the great people of Florida, or our Country, down! |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/news |website=DonaldJTrump.com}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} [[2022 United States Senate election in Georgia|Georgia]] |[[Herschel Walker]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Dec 5, 2022 |title=To the Great State of Georgia, Get Out and Vote for the WONDERFUL Herschel Walker TOMORROW. Herschel was a fantastic Athlete, and he will be an even greater United States Senator! To all MAGA Voters, that is, people that want to Make America Great Again and Put America First, tomorrow is a big day. Vote for Herschel! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/109464232232767808 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost runoff |- |{{flagicon|Idaho}} [[2022 United States Senate election in Idaho|Idaho]] |''[[Mike Crapo]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=May 18, 2022 |title=Mike Crapo has been a tremendous Senator for the Great State of Idaho, and a true champion for all Americans. Mike has been a strong leader on the issues that matter most to the Forgotten Men and Women of our Country, including fighting to secure our Border, unleashing American Energy Independence, and protecting our Second Amendment Rights. Mike has my Complete and Total Endorsement for re-election, and he has my full support in the General Election. A wonderful man who will never let you down! |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/news |website=DonaldJTrump.com}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Iowa}} [[2022 United States Senate election in Iowa|Iowa]] |''[[Chuck Grassley]]''<ref>{{Cite web |author=RSBN |date=Oct 9, 2021 |title=President Trump has given @ChuckGrassley his "complete and total endorsement for reelection!" #SaveAmericaRally #GrassleyWorks |url=https://x.com/rsbnetwork/status/1447019548230696961?s=46}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Kansas}} [[2022 United States Senate election in Kansas|Kansas]] |''[[Jerry Moran]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Feb 25, 2021 |title=Senator Jerry Moran is doing a terrific job for the wonderful people of Kansas. Strong on Military, Vets, the Border, and our Second Amendment, Jerry has my Complete and Total Endorsement for his re-election in 2022! |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/news |website=DonaldJTrump.com}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Kentucky}} [[2022 United States Senate election in Kentucky|Kentucky]] |''[[Rand Paul]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Mar 1, 2022 |title=Senator Rand Paul has been a great friend and ally to our America First Agenda, and has been a tremendous help in our efforts to Make America Great Again. He has been a Fighter for the Great People of Kentucky, and a Champion for our Military and our Veterans. Rand has a proven record of fighting against the Radical Left Democrats and their Socialist Agenda, and he will continue to be a strong voice against the Biden Border Crisis, the Weaponization of the Federal Government, and the Corrupt and Incompetent Biden Administration. Rand Paul has my Complete and Total Endorsement for re-election, and he will not let you down! |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/news |website=DonaldJTrump.com}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Louisiana}} [[2022 United States Senate election in Louisiana|Louisiana]] |''[[John Kennedy (Louisiana politician)|John Kennedy]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Apr 14, 2021 |title=Senator John Kennedy is a fantastic Senator, and a true Champion for the Great People of Louisiana. He has been a tireless advocate for our Farmers and Ranchers, our Energy Workers, and all Americans who want to Make America Great Again. John has fought hard against the Radical Left Democrats and their Socialist Agenda, and he will continue to be a strong voice for our Military, our Veterans, and our Second Amendment Rights. John Kennedy has my Complete and Total Endorsement for re-election, and he will not let you down! |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/news |website=DonaldJTrump.com}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |rowspan="2"|{{flagicon|Missouri}} [[2022 United States Senate election in Missouri|Missouri]] |[[Eric Schmitt]] ''(co-endorsement with Greitens)''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 1, 2022 |title=President Trump on Truth Social |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/108749916238646651 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |[[Eric Greitens]] ''(co-endorsement with Schmitt)''<ref name=":1" /> |{{Icon|no}} Lost primary |- |{{flagicon|Nevada}} [[2022 United States Senate election in Nevada|Nevada]] |[[Adam Laxalt]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Liz |date=Aug 20, 2021 |title= NEW! President Trump announces endorsement of Adam Laxalt for Senate in Nevada |url=https://x.com/realLizUSA/status/1428903233578315777}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|New Hampshire}} [[2020 United States Senate election in New Hampshire|New Hampshire]] |[[Don Bolduc]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 31, 2022 |title=General Don Bolduc has run a great campaign to be the U.S. Senator from the beautiful State of New Hampshire. He was a strong and proud "Election Denier," a big reason that he won the Nomination, but he then disavowed. He has since come back, at least on busing, but that is only a small part of N.H. Election Fraud. Nevertheless, Don Bolduc has asked for my Endorsement, and he's got it, Complete & Total. His opponent is a disaster on Crime, the Border, Inflation, & all else. Vote for Don Bolduc! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/109261581904146889 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[2022 United States Senate election in North Carolina|North Carolina]] |[[Ted Budd]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Liz |date=Jan 25, 2022 |title=NEW! President Donald J. Trump: "Ted Budd, who I endorsed many months ago for the U.S. Senate, is now leading the pack in North Carolina. He is the true America First fighter who stands strong for the Second Amendment, fights for our great Military and Law Enforcement, and... |url=https://x.com/realLizUSA/status/1485950430228135936}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|North Dakota}} [[2022 United States Senate election in North Dakota|North Dakota]] |''[[John Hoeven]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Liz |date=Mar 18, 2022 |title=NEW! President Donald J. Trump announces his endorsement of Senator John Hoeven |url=https://x.com/realLizUSA/status/1504961111300444165}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[2022 United States Senate election in Ohio|Ohio]] |[[JD Vance]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Liz |date=Apr 28, 2022 |title=ICYMI: "Exclusive: Trump-Endorsed J.D. Vance Takes Commanding Lead in New Poll" breitbart.com/politics/2022/04/28/exclusive-trump-endorsed-j-d-vance-takes-commanding-lead-in-new-poll/ |url=https://x.com/realLizUSA/status/1519793342766358528}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Oklahoma}} [[2022 United States Senate election in Oklahoma|Oklahoma]] |''[[James Lankford]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Sep 27, 2022 |title=Senator James Lankford ran a strong Campaign against highly credible opponents who fought hard but, ultimately, were unsuccessful. James was strongly committed to America First, and everything it stood for, and likewise strongly committed to me, as President. Sometimes we didn't exactly agree on everything, but we do now. He is a very good man with a fabulous wife and family, loves the great State of Oklahoma, and is working very hard on trying to Save our Country from the disaster that it is in. Interestingly, I won Oklahoma—77 of 77 Counties both times—so I have a serious obligation to do things right! James Lankford is Strong on the Border, Tough on Crime, and Very Smart on the Economy. He is fighting to Stop Inflation, Defend our under siege Second Amendment, and Restore American Energy Independence, just as we had it during the Trump Administration where we would soon be, in fact, Energy Dominant. Sadly, that went up in dust with the Biden Administration — but James will help us get it back. It is my great honor to give James Lankford my Complete and Total Endorsement! |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/news |website=DonaldJTrump.com}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Oklahoma}} [[2022 United States Senate special election in Oklahoma|Oklahoma (special)]] |[[Markwayne Mullin]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jul 17, 2022 |title=breitbart.com/politics/2022/07/16/exclusive-trump-endorsed-senate-candidate-rep-markwayne-mullin-red-wave-real-its-coming/ |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/108664329648361311 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |rowspan="2"|{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[2022 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] |<s>[[Sean Parnell (spokesperson)|Sean Parnell]]</s> ''(withdrew candidacy)''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Liz |date=Sep 1, 2021 |title=NEW! President Donald J. Trump announces endorsement of Sean Parnell for U.S. Senate |url=https://x.com/realLizUSA/status/1433160563346059268}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Parnell |first=Sean |date=Nov 22, 2021 |title=Statement from Sean Parnell |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=448754716608737&id=100044226379595&set=a.407273740756835 |via=Facebook}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Withdrew |- |[[Mehmet Oz]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Liz |date=Apr 9, 2022 |title=NEW! President Donald J. Trump announces his endorsement of Dr. Oz |url=https://x.com/realLizUSA/status/1512933127878025221}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|South Carolina}} [[2022 United States Senate election in South Carolina|South Carolina]] |''[[Tim Scott]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Sep 27, 2022 |title=It is my great honor to give Senator Tim Scott of South Carolina my complete and total endorsement. He is both an outstanding senator and person who works tirelessly for the people of his great state, and the USA. Strong on the military, law enforcement, loves our vets, protects our Second Amendment and our borders. Tim will continue to do an OUTSTANDING job for our country! |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/news |website=DonaldJTrump.com}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Utah}} [[2022 United States Senate election in Utah|Utah]] |''[[Mike Lee]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Nov 2, 2022 |title=The Great People of Utah have a gem in Mike Lee. He will never let you down, whereas his opponent, McMuffin, will only let you down. Mike has long had my Complete and Total Endorsement, and even more strongly now! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/109275109307282759 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Vermont}} [[2022 United States Senate election in Vermont|Vermont]] |Gerald Malloy<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Nov 3, 2022 |title=Gerald Malloy is a Brave Veteran and American Patriot running to be the next U.S. Senator from the Great State of Vermont! Gerald will work very hard to Reduce Crime, Stop Inflation, Secure our Border, Protect our under siege Second Amendment, and Restore American Energy Independence, and even Dominance. His opponent, Radical Left Democrat Peter Welch, does not represent the values of the Great People of Vermont. Gerald Malloy has my Complete and Total Endorsement – WIN! |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/news |website=DonaldJTrump.com}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Wisconsin}} [[2022 United States Senate election in Wisconsin|Wisconsin]] |''[[Ron Johnson]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 6, 2021 |title=Even though he has not yet announced that he is running, and I certainly hope he does, I am giving my Complete and Total Endorsement to Senator Ron Johnson of Wisconsin. He is brave, he is bold, and he loves our Country, our Military, and our Vets. Ron is very tough on the Border and Illegal Immigration, and never gives in to the Radical Left Democrats and their lunacy. Ron Johnson will continue to fight to Save America, and I strongly encourage him to run! |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/news |website=DonaldJTrump.com}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |} ==== 2022 House elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !District !Candidate !Primary date !Seat status !Primary result |- |{{flagicon|Michigan}} [[Michigan's 3rd congressional district|MI-03]] |[[John Gibbs (government official)|John Gibbs]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dale |first=Daniel |title=Fact check: Trump-backed Michigan congressional candidate John Gibbs falsely claims 2020 election had 'mathematically impossible' anomalies |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/30/politics/fact-check-john-gibbs-michigan-mathematically-impossible/index.html |access-date=2022-08-08 |publisher=CNN|date=30 June 2022 }}</ref> |August 2, 2022 |Challenger (G) |{{Icon|no}} Lost election |- |{{flagicon|Washington}} [[Washington's 3rd congressional district|WA-03]] |[[Joe Kent]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hounshell |first=Blake |date=2022-07-25 |title=A Trump-Backed Veteran Ran Hard to the Right, Only to Be Outflanked |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/25/us/politics/joe-kent-house-trump.html |access-date=2022-08-08 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |August 2, 2022 |Challenger (G) |{{Icon|no}} Lost election |- |{{flagicon|Wyoming}} [[Wyoming's at-large congressional district|WY-AL]] |[[Harriet Hageman]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Goldmacher |first=Shane |date=2021-09-09 |title=Trump endorses a Cheney challenger, aiming to unseat a chief detractor. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/09/us/politics/trump-liz-cheney-harriet-hageman.html |access-date=2022-08-08 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |August 16, 2022 |Challenger (G) |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[New York's 10th congressional district|NY-10]] |[[Dan Goldman]] ''(Democrat)''<ref name="democrat-endorsements">{{Cite web |last=Vakil |first=Caroline |date=2022-08-17 |title=Trump gives backhanded endorsements to Democrats Dan Goldman, Carolyn Maloney in NY primaries |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/3605847-trump-gives-back-handed-endorsements-to-democrats-dan-goldman-carolyn-maloney-in-ny-primaries/ |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref> |August 23, 2022 |Open seat |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[New York's 12th congressional district|NY-12]] |''[[Carolyn Maloney]]'' ''(Democrat)''<ref name="democrat-endorsements"/> |August 23, 2022 |Challenger/Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Lost primary |} ==== 2022 state executive elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Office !Candidate !Result |- |{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[2022 Arizona Attorney General election|Arizona]] |[[Arizona Attorney General|Attorney General]] |[[Abraham Hamadeh]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 14, 2022 |title=Endorsement of Abraham Hamadeh |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/news-mxajfuhsrg2137 |website=[[DonaldJTrump.com]] |access-date=July 15, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626194014/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/news-mxajfuhsrg2137 |archive-date=June 26, 2022}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[2022 Arizona Secretary of State election|Arizona]] |[[Secretary of State of Arizona|Secretary of State]] |[[Mark Finchem]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Liz |date=Sep 13, 2021 |title= NEW! President Donald J. Trump announces his endorsement of Mark Finchem for Arizona Secretary of State |url=https://x.com/realLizUSA/status/1437488757029081093}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |} ==== Other elections ==== * [[2022 Alaska's at-large congressional district special election]]: endorsed [[Sarah Palin]] (advanced to general election from nonpartisan blanket primary but lost general election).<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 3, 2022 |title=Trump endorses Palin in Alaska House special election |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/04/03/trump-endorses-palin-in-alaska-house-special-election-00022627 |access-date=April 3, 2022 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> * 2022 election to [[Arizona's 7th legislative district]]: endorsed [[Wendy Rogers (politician)|Wendy Rogers]] (won primary).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/opinion/op-ed/laurieroberts/2021/11/30/wendy-rogers-and-anthony-kern-get-trump-seal-endorsement/8808827002/ | title=Trump backing Wendy Rogers and Anthony Kern makes them the future of the GOP (Doesn't it?) }}</ref> * 2022 election to [[Miami-Dade County's 6th District]]: endorsed [[Kevin Marino Cabrera]] (won primary and general).<ref>[https://www.miamiherald.com/news/politics-government/article261148442.html Donald Trump dives into Miami-Dade politics with a county commission endorsement]</ref> ==== 2023 Speaker of the House of Representatives elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Election !Candidate !Result |- |{{Flagicon|United States}} [[January 2023 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election|January election]] |[[Kevin McCarthy]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jan 4, 2023 |title=Some really good conversations took place last night, and it's now time for all of our GREAT Republican House Members to VOTE FOR KEVIN, CLOSE THE DEAL, TAKE THE VICTORY, & WATCH CRAZY NANCY PELOSI FLY BACK HOME TO A VERY BROKEN CALIFORNIA,THE ONLY SPEAKER IN U.S. HISTORY TO HAVE LOST THE "HOUSE" TWICE! REPUBLICANS, DO NOT TURN A GREAT TRIUMPH INTO A GIANT & EMBARRASSING DEFEAT. IT'S TIME TO CELEBRATE, YOU DESERVE IT. Kevin McCarthy will do a good job, and maybe even a GREAT JOB - JUST WATCH! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/109630978268932397 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |rowspan=2|{{Flagicon|United States}} [[October 2023 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election|October election]] |[[Jim Jordan]]{{efn|Until the House Republican Conference unselected him.}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 6, 2023 |title=Congressman Jim Jordan has been a STAR long before making his very successful journey to Washington, D.C., representing Ohio's 4th Congressional District. Respected by all, he is now Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee. As President, I had the honor of presenting Jim with our Country's highest civilian award, The Presidential Medal of Freedom. So much is learned from sports, and Jim was a master! While attending Graham High School, he won State Championships all four years, a rarity, and compiled an amazing 156-1 record. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Jim became a two-time NCAA Division l Wrestling Champion. He won his 1985-86 NCAA Championship Matches in his weight class. Jim has a masters degree in Education from Ohio State University & a Law Degree from Capital University. He is STRONG on Crime, Borders, our Military/Vets, & 2nd Amendment. Jim, his wife, Polly, & family are outstanding - He will be a GREAT Speaker of the House, & has my Complete & Total Endorsement! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/111186121976324259 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Unselected by the [[House Republican Conference]] |- |[[Mike Johnson]]{{efn|After the House Republican Conference unselected Jim Jordan.}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 25, 2023 |title=Congratulations to Congressional Republicans! Yesterday was a big and very important day. It gave us a quick and easy way forward with 5 candidates who are beyond reproach, and represent the absolute best there is in the Republican Party. Even the Fake News Media is impressed with what took place yesterday and, more importantly, with the Candidates themselves. Congratulations to Reps. Byron Donalds (Florida), Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann (Tennessee), Mark Green (Tennessee), & Roger Williams (Texas), & the ultimate winner of yesterday's vote, by a significant margin, Mike Johnson (Louisiana). I am not going to make an Endorsement in this race, because I COULD NEVER GO AGAINST ANY OF THESE FINE AND VERY TALENTED MEN, all of whom have supported me, in both mind and spirit, from the very beginning of our GREAT 2016 Victory. In 2024, we will have an even bigger, & more important, WIN! My strong SUGGESTION is to go with the leading candidate, Mike Johnson, & GET IT DONE, FAST! LOVE, DJT |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/111295424273340966 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |} ==== 2023 gubernatorial elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Result |- |{{flagicon|Kentucky}} [[2023 Kentucky gubernatorial election|Kentucky]] |[[Daniel Cameron (American politician)|Daniel Cameron]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cameron |first=Daniel |date=Jun 16, 2022 |title=Thank you President Trump! |url=https://x.com/DanielCameronKY/status/1537580069517938688}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Louisiana}} [[2023 Louisiana gubernatorial election|Louisiana]] |[[Jeff Landry]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 29, 2023 |title=Jeff Landry has my Complete and Total Endorsement for Governor of Louisiana. Now is the time for everyone to unite behind him to ensure he has a tremendous Victory! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/110976057612222715 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Mississippi}} [[2023 Mississippi gubernatorial election|Mississippi]] |''[[Tate Reeves]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Nov 1, 2023 |title=To all my friends in Mississippi – you have a choice to make. Your great Governor, Tate Reeves, is under attack. The radical left maniacs who are attacking me are also after him… |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/111335994521658174 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |} ==== 2023 state executive elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Office !Candidate !Primary date !Seat status !Primary result |- |{{flagicon|Louisiana}} [[2023 Louisiana elections|Louisiana]] |[[Attorney general of Louisiana|Attorney General]] |[[Liz Murrill]]<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Finn |first=James |date=2023-11-16 |title=See Donald Trump's picks for Louisiana attorney general, treasurer, secretary of state |url=https://www.nola.com/news/politics/national_politics/see-donald-trumps-endorsements-in-louisiana-statewide-races/article_fd435852-84ae-11ee-b44e-2b2bdffacfde.html |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=NOLA.com |language=en}}</ref> |October 14, 2023 |Open |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Louisiana}} [[2023 Louisiana elections|Louisiana]] |[[Treasurer of Louisiana|Treasurer]] |[[John Fleming (Louisiana politician)|John Fleming]]<ref name=":3" /> |October 14, 2023 |Open |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Louisiana}} [[2023 Louisiana elections|Louisiana]] |[[Secretary of State of Louisiana|Secretary of State]] |[[Nancy Landry]]<ref name=":3" /> |October 14, 2023 |Open |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |} ==== 2024 gubernatorial elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Result |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2024 Indiana gubernatorial election|Indiana]] |[[Mike Braun]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Nov 1, 2023 |title=Highly respected Senator Mike Braun is running for Governor of Indiana, a State I love and won by large margins in 2016 and 2020. In the Senate, Mike is working hard to Support our Law Enforcement, Secure our Borders, and Stop the Woke Fascist Mob trying to destroy our Country. Mike is an America First Conservative who knows how to Grow the Economy, Fight Inflation, and Champion "Hoosier" Values. I was proud to endorse Mike when he ran for the Senate in 2018, and I am proud to do so again — Mike Braun has my Complete and Total Endorsement to be the next Governor of the Great State of Indiana! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/111337465637582727 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Missouri}} [[2024 Missouri gubernatorial election|Missouri]] |[[Mike Kehoe]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jul 27, 2024 |title=I love the State of Missouri for every reason in the book, including the fact that it is "loaded up" with truly GREAT people. I also like Endorsing Candidates for Office if I think they're good, and usually there is a differentiation, usually a big one, where it is not that difficult to do. But Missouri has three great people running for Governor - Jay Ashcroft, Mike Kehoe, and Bill Eigel. All have had excellent careers, and have been with me from the beginning. They are MAGA and America First all the way! I can't hurt two of them by Endorsing one so, therefore, I'm going to Endorse, for Governor of the Great State of Missouri, Jay Ashcroft, Mike Kehoe, and Bill Eigel. Choose any one of them - You can't go wrong! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/112861271255683848 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[2024 North Carolina gubernatorial election|North Carolina]] |[[Mark Robinson (American politician)|Mark Robinson]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 23, 2023 |title=THANK YOU LT. GOV. MARK ROBINSON! WE WILL NOT LET NORTH CAROLINA DOWN. MAGA!!! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/110594579783535047 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|North Dakota}} [[2024 North Dakota gubernatorial election|North Dakota]] |[[Kelly Armstrong]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=May 30, 2024 |title=Congressman Kelly Armstrong is running for Governor of North Dakota, a State that I love, and WON BIG in 2016 and 2020. In Congress, Kelly strongly defended me through two SHAM Impeachments, and is 100% MAGA. As your next Governor, Kelly will work tirelessly to grow the Economy, stop Inflation, cut Taxes and Regulations, secure our Border, protect North Dakota from Federal Overreach, defend our always under siege Second Amendment, strengthen our Military/Vets, and put our Incredible Farmers, Ranchers, and Energy Producers FIRST. Kelly Armstrong has my Complete and Total Endorsement to be the next Governor of the Great State of North Dakota - HE WILL NOT LET YOU DOWN! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/112531260144624029 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|West Virginia}} [[2024 West Virginia gubernatorial election|West Virginia]] |[[Patrick Morrisey]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=May 21, 2024 |title=Highly Respected Attorney General Patrick Morrisey ran against two very talented and popular opponents for Governor of West Virginia, a State I love and won by large margins in 2016 and 2020. Patrick has been a wonderful Attorney General, and will now be an incredible Governor who will fight tirelessly to stop Inflation, grow the Economy, restore Energy DOMINANCE, secure our Border, strengthen our Military/Vets, and protect and defend our always under siege Second Amendment. Now is the time for all Republicans to unite behind Patrick Morrisey to ensure he has a tremendous Victory in November! Patrick will work closely with me to enact America First Policies, and is a FANTASTIC person to replace my friend and future U.S. Senator, Jim Justice. Patrick Morrisey has my Complete and Total Endorsement - HE WILL NOT LET YOU DOWN! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/112477080295803405 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |} ==== 2024 lieutenant gubernatorial elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Result |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2024 Indiana gubernatorial election#Lieutenant governor selection|Indiana]] |[[Julie McGuire]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Niki |date=June 13, 2024 |title=Trump endorses GOP lieutenant governor candidate in Indiana |url=https://indianacapitalchronicle.com/briefs/trump-endorses-gop-lieutenant-governor-candidate-in-indiana/ |via=}}</ref> | '''{{Icon|no}}''' Lost convention |} ==== 2024 Senate elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Result |- |{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[2024 United States Senate election in Arizona|Arizona]] |[[Kari Lake]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jul 26, 2024 |title=Kari Lake will be an incredible Senator for the Great State of Arizona. She will fight tirelessly to Secure the Border, Stop Migrant Crime, End Inflation, Grow the Economy, Support our Great Military/Vets, and Strongly Defend our always under siege Second Amendment. Kari Lake is a spectacular woman, and has my Complete and Total Endorsement — She will not let you down! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/112855095485231691 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[2024 United States Senate election in Florida|Florida]] |''[[Rick Scott]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Dec 5, 2023 |title=I am proud to give my Complete and Total Endorsement to U.S. Senator Rick Scott of Florida in his bid for Re-Election. I have known Rick for a long time, as both a businessman and great Governor of FLORIDA, and there are few like him! Strong on the Border, Crime, our Great Military/Vets, our Second Amendment, and the only person who has been willing to take on the very destructive Super RINO, Mitch McConnell. Everyone in Florida should help Senator Rick Scott have a big win next year! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/111529649299840132 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2024 United States Senate election in Indiana|Indiana]] |[[Jim Banks]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Feb 1, 2023 |title=Jim Banks is running for the United States Senate from the Great State of Indiana. I know Jim well, have seen him tested at the highest and most difficult levels, and WIN! Strong on the Border, Crime, our Military and our Vets, Jim will fight for low taxes and regulations, Sanity in Government, and our under siege 2nd Amendment. Jim Banks is respected by all, will never let you down, and has my Complete & Total Endorsement! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/109789201422857786 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Maryland}} [[2024 United States Senate election in Maryland|Maryland]] |[[Larry Hogan]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cai |first=Sophia |date=Jun 13, 2024 |title=Trump endorses Larry Hogan in tight Maryland Senate race |url=https://www.axios.com/2024/06/13/trump-larry-hogan-endorsement-maryland-senate |website=Axios}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Michigan}} [[2024 United States Senate election in Michigan|Michigan]] |[[Mike Rogers (Michigan politician)|Mike Rogers]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Mar 11, 2024 |title=Highly respected former Congressman Mike Rogers is running for the United States Senate from the Great State of Michigan. Mike has served his Country during a career loaded up with accolades and wins, from the Army to Congress, and now, hopefully, the U.S. Senate. Mike will work closely with me to enact our America First Policies. He will tirelessly fight to Secure the Border, Stop Inflation, Grow the Economy, Strengthen our Military / Veteran Support, and Protect and Defend our always under siege Second Amendment. Mike Rogers will be a Great and Powerful Senator for Michigan, and has my Complete and Total Endorsement. HE KNOWS HOW TO WIN! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/112078629652415384 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Mississippi}} [[2024 United States Senate election in Mississippi|Mississippi]] |''[[Roger Wicker]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Feb 29, 2024 |title=Senator Roger Wicker is a fantastic Senator for the Great State of Mississippi. As the Ranking Member of the Senate Armed Services Committee, Roger is working hard to Strengthen our Military, Defend our Country, and Support our Veterans. Roger is a Champion of Conservative Values, who fights to Uphold the Constitution, and Protect our Second Amendment. I was honored to receive Roger's Endorsement last year, and Senator Roger Wicker has my Complete and Total Endorsement for Re-Election. Vote Trump and Wicker on March 12th! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/112016533287782692 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Missouri}} [[2024 United States Senate election in Missouri|Missouri]] |''[[Josh Hawley]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=May 26, 2024 |title=Senator Josh Hawley is a tremendous Senator for the Great State of Missouri. In 2018 I helped Josh Hawley win a highly competitive Senate race in Missouri, a state that I know and love. An America First Conservative and a True Fighter for our movement to Make America Great Again, Josh is working hard to Secure our Elections, Stop Illegal Immigration, Grow the Economy, Cut Taxes, Strengthen our Military, Support our Veterans, and Uphold the Rule of Law. Josh Hawley has my Complete and Total Endorsement! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/112509298845267871 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Montana}} [[2024 United States Senate election in Montana|Montana]] |[[Tim Sheehy]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Feb 9, 2024 |title=I LOVE MONTANA! Tim Sheehy is an American Hero and highly successful Businessman from the Great State of Montana. He is strongly supported by our incredible Chairman of the NRSC, Steve Daines, and many other patriotic Senators and Republicans who have endorsed our Campaign to, MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN! I also respect Matt Rosendale, and was very happy to Endorse him in the past - and will Endorse him again in the future should he decide to change course and run for his Congressional Seat. But in this instance, Tim is the candidate who is currently best-positioned to DEFEAT Lazy Jon Tester, and Regain the Republican Majority in the United States Senate. Tim is a Political Outsider, Strong on the Border, the Military/Vets, and our constantly under siege Second Amendment. He will stand tall in the fight against the Radical Left Democrats, who are Destroying our Country. Also, he is far more likely to Defeat Lazy Jon. America First Patriot Tim Sheehy has my Complete and Total Endorsement! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/111903231780270558 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Nebraska}} [[2024 United States Senate election in Nebraska|Nebraska]] |''[[Deb Fischer]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Sep 9, 2024 |title=Senator Deb Fischer is doing a fantastic job in the United States Senate. Her Radical Left Opponent, Dan Osborn, would be absolutely TERRIBLE for the Great People of Nebraska. Dan is a "Bernie Sanders Democrat" who does not stand for Nebraska Values, and never will. He even supports Federal Benefits like Social Security for Illegal Aliens! This is a slap in the face to Nebraska Seniors. Deb Fischer, on the other hand, will always put NEBRASKA and AMERICA FIRST. As a key Member of the Senate Armed Services Committee, Deb is fighting to Protect our Country against the Marxists, Communists, and Lunatics on the Radical Left. Deb is working hard to Grow the Economy, Secure the Border, Stop Migrant Crime, Support our Great Military/Vets, Champion our Incredible Farmers and Ranchers, and Defend our always under siege Second Amendment. Deb Fischer has my Complete and Total Endorsement — SHE WILL NOT LET YOU DOWN! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/113110575417000422 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Nebraska}} [[2024 United States Senate election in Nebraska|Nebraska (special)]] |''[[Pete Ricketts]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 11, 2024 |title=Senator Pete Ricketts is a Strong Advocate for the Great People of Nebraska, a State I love and won by large margins in 2016 and 2020! Pete is doing an outstanding job in the U.S. Senate, where he is fighting tirelessly to stop the disastrous Policies of Lyin' Kamala Harris and Crooked Joe Biden. Pete is a True Patriot, who is working hard to Create Jobs, Lower Inflation, Champion American Energy DOMINANCE, Uphold the Rule of Law, Secure our Border, Support our Amazing Farmers and Ranchers, and Defend our always under siege Second Amendment. Pete Ricketts has my Complete and Total Endorsement — HE WILL NOT LET YOU DOWN! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/113291341023269855 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Nevada}} [[2024 United States Senate election in Nevada|Nevada]] |[[Sam Brown (military)|Sam Brown]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Jun 9, 2024 |title=Sam Brown is a FEARLESS AMERICAN PATRIOT, a Purple Heart Recipient, who has proven he has the "PURE GRIT" and COURAGE to take on our Enemies, both Foreign and Domestic. Sam is now running for U.S. Senate in the Great State of Nevada, primarily because he knows that Crooked Joe Biden and the Radical Left are A THREAT TO DEMOCRACY. Our Country can no longer stand with this Corrupt and Incompetent "President" calling the shots. As your next Senator, Sam will fight tirelessly to secure our Border, end Migrant Crime, stop Inflation, grow our Economy, STRONGLY SUPPORT OUR GREAT MILITARY/VETS, protect our always under siege Second Amendment, and restore PEACE THROUGH STRENGTH… |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/112589851588761769 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|New Jersey}} [[2024 United States Senate election in New Jersey|New Jersey]] |Christine Serrano Glassner<ref>{{Cite tweet <!-- |last=Trump |first=Donald --> |user=christine4nj |number=1789444772819505516 |date=May 11, 2024 |title=I'm extremely proud to be endorsed by President Trump! We can and will flip New Jersey red. Together we will work to change New Jersey and America for the better! |url=https://x.com/christine4nj/status/1789444772819505516|via=Twitter}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost primary |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[2024 United States Senate election in New York|New York]] |Mike Sapraicone<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Mar 2, 2024 |title=Congratulations to Mike Sapraicone on running against one of the worst Senators in the U.S. Senate, Kirsten Gillibrand. All you have to do is go back and look at her failed Presidential run, an embarrassment to all New Yorkers, after which I assumed she would never be able to even think about running for Office again. People's memories, however, are short, and here we go! Mike is a strong and successful person, and I look forward to working with him to take New York State away from the people who have destroyed it with hundreds of thousands of Migrants flowing in, and ruining our Schools, Hospitals, Parks, and increasing Crime many fold. Good luck to Mike - He has my Complete and Total Endorsement! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/112029505593758948 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|North Dakota}} [[2024 United States Senate election in North Dakota|North Dakota]] |''[[Kevin Cramer]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Mar 11, 2024 |title=Senator Kevin Cramer is doing a fantastic job representing the incredible people of North Dakota in the United States Senate. During my Administration, Kevin worked closely with me to create Space Force, which continues to Protect and Defend our Great Country. Kevin has been with me from the very beginning, helping advance our America First Agenda. In the Senate, he is working hard to Secure the Border, Grow the Economy, Cut your Taxes, Eliminate Needless Regulations, Support our Veterans, and Fight for our Constitutional Rights, including our under siege Second Amendment. Kevin Cramer has my Complete and Total Endorsement! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/112078462360004556 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[2024 United States Senate election in Ohio|Ohio]] |[[Bernie Moreno]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Dec 19, 2023 |title=It's time for the entire Republican Party to UNITE around Bernie's campaign for Senate, so that we can have a BIG victory in what will be the most important Election in American History. Bernie is the Father of wonderful Emily, the wife of outstanding young Ohio Congressman, Max Miller. Bernie is Strong on the Border, Crime, Cutting Taxes, Election Integrity, the Military / Vets, and will always protect our under siege 2nd Amendment. Bernie Moreno will be an outstanding United States Senator, and has my Complete and Total Endorsement—He will never let you down! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/111609405146073221 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[2024 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] |[[Dave McCormick]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 23, 2024 |title=Kamala Harris' sinking Campaign has become so TOXIC, that Democrat Senators in four different States are using me in their advertisements, and stating that they are with President Trump on Tariffs, and numerous other things. While it is a great compliment, it is not fair to those Republican Senate Candidates, Bernie Moreno, Dave McCormick, Eric Hovde, and Sam Brown, who are with me all the time. These Democrats have voted with Crooked Joe Biden almost 100% of the time. They only pretend to be on my side when Elections roll around. OHIO, PENNSYLVANIA, WISCONSIN, NEVADA: VOTE FOR BERNIE MORENO, DAVE MCCORMICK, ERIC HOVDE, AND SAM BROWN - THEY ARE THE ONES WHO ARE WITH US! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/113358155534960871 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Tennessee}} [[2024 United States Senate election in Tennessee|Tennessee]] |''[[Marsha Blackburn]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=May 26, 2024 |title=Senator Marsha Blackburn is doing a terrific job representing the incredible people of Tennessee in the United States Senate! Marsha has been with me from the very beginning, helping advance our America First Agenda. In the Senate, she is working hard to Secure the Border, Grow the Economy, Cut your Taxes, Eliminate Needless Regulations, Support our Veterans, and Fight for our Constitutional Rights, including our always under siege Second Amendment. Marsha Blackburn has my Complete and Total Endorsement! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/112509274904589263 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2024 United States Senate election in Texas|Texas]] |''[[Ted Cruz]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 15, 2024 |title=While I have Endorsed Ted, on numerous occasions, verbally, because of the Importance of the Race, and Ted's Importance to the future of our Country, I thought the Endorsement should be memorialized in writing. Senator Ted Cruz is doing a tremendous job representing the Great People of Texas, a State I love and WON BIG in 2016 and 2020, and, based on the Polls, will win even bigger in November. To the people of Texas, I greatly appreciate your support, and, as you know, I HAVE NEVER LET YOU DOWN!… |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/113309551464797724 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Utah}} [[2024 United States Senate election in Utah|Utah]] |[[Trent Staggs]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Apr 27, 2024 |title=Trent Staggs is 100% MAGA, and is running to fill The Mitt Romney, a Total Loser, Seat as the next Senator from the Great State of Utah! A Highly Successful Entrepreneur, who has served brilliantly as Mayor of Riverton for the past six years, Trent knows how to Create Jobs, Stop Inflation, Grow the Economy, and Secure the Border. As your next Senator, Trent will help us Unleash American Energy, Support our Military/Vets, and Protect our always under siege Second Amendment. Trent Staggs has my Complete and Total Endorsement - He will be a GREAT Senator, and never let you down! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/112343373057495427 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost primary |- |{{flagicon|Virginia}} [[2024 United States Senate election in Virginia|Virginia]] |[[Hung Cao]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=May 26, 2024 |title=Hung Cao is a highly respected retired Navy Captain running to represent the Great People of Virginia in the United States Senate. A Combat Veteran and Highly Decorated Special Operations Officer, Hung Cao will be a tireless fighter to stop Inflation, grow our Economy, secure our Border, strongly support our Incredible Military/Vets, and defend our always under siege Second Amendment. Hung Cao has my Complete and Total Endorsement - HE WILL NEVER LET YOU DOWN, AND WE WILL, AT THE SAME TIME, GET RID OF THE WORST PRESIDENT IN THE HISTORY OF OUR COUNTRY, CROOKED JOE BIDEN! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/112510755568541501 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|West Virginia}} [[2024 United States Senate election in West Virginia|West Virginia]] |[[Jim Justice]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Oct 18, 2024 |title=Big Jim Justice, the Governor of the Great State of West Virginia (I LOVE WEST VIRGINIA!), is BIG in every way, but especially in his wonderful HEART❤ ! Strong on the Border, our Great Military & Vets, CLEAN COAL & Energy Dominance, the Economy, Stopping Inflation, & Protecting our 2nd Amendment, Big Jim will be a Great UNITED STATES SENATOR, and has my Complete & Total Endorsement. HE WILL NEVER LET YOU DOWN!!! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/111258179235782329 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Wisconsin}} [[2024 United States Senate election in Wisconsin|Wisconsin]] |Eric Hovde<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=Aug 11, 2024 |title=Eric Hovde is running strong for the U.S. Senate in Wisconsin. He has my Complete and Total Endorsement, and has, right from the beginning. Go Eric!!! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/112943539377699454 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Wyoming}} [[2024 United States Senate election in Wyoming|Wyoming]] |''[[John Barrasso]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trump |first=Donald |date=May 26, 2024 |title=Senator John Barrasso is an incredible advocate for the great people of Wyoming. John works hard to stop the disastrous policies of Crooked Joe Biden and to secure our border. John is a True Patriot who fights to Create Jobs, Lower Inflation, Promote American Energy, Uphold the Rule of Law, and Support our amazing Farmers and Ranchers. John Barrasso has my Complete and Total Endorsement! |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/112509333535728345 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |} ==== 2024 House elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !District !Candidate !Primary date !Seat status !Primary result |- |{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[Alabama's 3rd congressional district|AL-03]] |''[[Mike Rogers (Alabama politician)|Mike Rogers]]''<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Cox |first=Bradley |title=Dale Strong receives Trump's endorsement — 'Dale was with us from the… |url=https://1819news.com/news/item/dale-strong-receives-trump-endorsement-dale-was-with-us-from-the-beginning |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=1819 News |language=en-US}}</ref> |March 5, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[Alabama's 4th congressional district|AL-04]] |''[[Robert Aderholt]]''<ref name=":2" /> |March 5, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}} Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[Alabama's 5th congressional district|AL-05]] |''[[Dale Strong]]''<ref name=":2" /> |March 5, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[Alabama's 6th congressional district|AL-06]] |''[[Gary Palmer (politician)|Gary Palmer]]''<ref name=":2" /> |March 5, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|California}} [[California's 20th congressional district|CA-20]] |[[Vince Fong]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-20 |title=Former President Donald Trump endorses Vince Fong for California's 20th District seat |url=https://abc30.com/vince-fong-california-20th-assembly-donald-trump-political-endorsement/14449484/ |access-date=2024-02-20 |publisher=ABC30 Fresno |language=en}}</ref> |March 5, 2024 |Open seat | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[North Carolina's 5th congressional district|NC-05]] |''[[Virginia Foxx]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ken |date=2024-02-01 |title=President Donald J. Trump Endorses Virginia Foxx in 2024 Primary Election |url=https://www.hcpress.com/front-page/president-donald-j-trump-endorses-virginia-foxx-in-2024-primary-election.html |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=High Country Press |language=en-US}}</ref> |March 5, 2024 |Incumbent |'''{{Icon|aa}} Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[North Carolina's 6th congressional district|NC-06]] |[[Addison McDowell]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-13 |title=Ex-President Trump endorses new candidate McDowell for central North Carolina congressional seat |url=https://apnews.com/article/north-carolina-congress-election-donald-trump-endorsement-b75aa28ecc72a3568fb3169036e184f8 |access-date=2023-12-14 |publisher=Associated Press |language=en}}</ref> |March 5, 2024 |Open seat | '''{{Icon|aa}} Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[North Carolina's 14th congressional district|NC-14]] |[[Tim Moore (North Carolina politician)|Tim Moore]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=WRAL |date=2024-02-20 |title=Trump endorses Speaker Tim Moore in congressional bid |url=https://www.wral.com/story/trump-endorses-speaker-tim-moore-in-congressional-bid/21292764/ |access-date=2024-02-20 |publisher=WRAL |language=en}}</ref> |March 5, 2024 |Open seat | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[TX-03]] |''[[Keith Self]]''<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Brad |date=2024-02-12 |title=Here's a List of Donald Trump's 2024 Texas Endorsements |url=https://thetexan.news/elections/2024/here-s-a-list-of-donald-trump-s-2024-texas-endorsements/article_d62bcf9e-c773-11ee-a894-4b9583d1a835.html |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=The Texan |language=en}}</ref> |March 5, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 4th congressional district|TX-04]] |''[[Pat Fallon]]''<ref name=":4" /> |March 5, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 5th congressional district|TX-05]] |''[[Lance Gooden]]''<ref name=":4" /> |March 5, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 11th congressional district|TX-11]] |''[[August Pfluger]]''<ref name=":4" /> |March 5, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 13th congressional district|TX-13]] |''[[Ronny Jackson]]''<ref name=":4" /> |March 5, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 14th congressional district|TX-14]] |''[[Randy Weber]]''<ref name=":4" /> |March 5, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 15th congressional district|TX-15]] |''[[Monica De La Cruz]]''<ref name=":4" /> |March 5, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 17th congressional district|TX-17]] |''[[Pete Sessions]]''<ref name=":4" /> |March 5, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 19th congressional district|TX-19]] |''[[Jodey Arrington]]''<ref name=":4" /> |March 5, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 22nd congressional district|TX-22]] |''[[Troy Nehls]]''<ref name=":4" /> |March 5, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 24th congressional district|TX-24]] |''[[Beth Van Duyne]]''<ref name=":4" /> |March 5, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 25th congressional district|TX-25]] |''[[Roger Williams (Texas politician)|Roger Williams]]''<ref name=":4" /> |March 5, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 26th congressional district|TX-26]] |[[Brandon Gill]]<ref>{{cite news |author=Wolf, Stephen |date=December 4, 2023 |title=Daily Kos Elections Live Digest: 12/4 |work=[[Daily Kos]] |url=https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2023/12/4/2209144/-Daily-Kos-Elections-Live-Digest-12-4#update-1701728297000 |access-date=December 4, 2023 |quote=TX-26: Donald Trump has endorsed far-right media website founder Brandon Gill}}</ref> |March 5, 2024 |Open seat | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 31st congressional district|TX-31]] |''[[John Carter (Texas politician)|John Carter]]''<ref name=":4" /> |March 5, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 34th congressional district|TX-34]] |[[Mayra Flores]]<ref name=":4" /> |March 5, 2024 |Challenger | {{Icon|no}} Lost election |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 36th congressional district|TX-36]] |''[[Brian Babin]]''<ref name=":4" /> |March 5, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 38th congressional district|TX-38]] |''[[Wesley Hunt]]''<ref name=":4" /> |March 5, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Mississippi}} [[Mississippi's 4th congressional district|MS-04]] |''[[Mike Ezell]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-03 |title=Mike Ezell latest to pick up Trump endorsement with congressional primary looming - SuperTalk Mississippi |url=https://www.supertalk.fm/mike-ezell-latest-to-pick-up-trump-endorsement-with-congressional-primary-looming/ |access-date=2024-03-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> |March 12, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Montana}} [[Montana's 1st congressional district|MT-01]] |''[[Ryan Zinke]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Buffington |first1=Posie |title=Former Pres. Trump endorses Zinke for re-election in Montana's District 1 congressional race |url=https://www.montanarightnow.com/montana/former-pres-trump-endorses-zinke-for-re-election-in-montanas-district-1-congressional-race/article_19237e0a-e880-11ee-b72a-bb7f847d9024.html |access-date=March 22, 2024 |work=[[NonStop Local]] |date=March 22, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> |June 4, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Montana}} [[Montana's 2nd congressional district|MT-02]] |[[Troy Downing]]<ref>{{cite news |author=Gorman, Reese |date=April 12, 2024 |work=[[NBC|NBC Montana]] |url=https://nbcmontana.com/news/local/trump-endorses-troy-downing-for-montanas-2nd-congressional-district |access-date=June 3, 2024 |title=Trump endorses Downing for U.S. House race}}</ref> |June 4, 2024 |Open seat | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Maine}} [[Maine's 2nd congressional district|ME-02]] |[[Austin Theriault]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schilke |first=Rachel |date=2024-03-27 |title=Trump endorses former NASCAR driver in Maine contest to unseat Jared Golden - Washington Examiner |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/campaigns/2942058/trump-endorses-former-nascar-driver-unseat-jared-golden/ |access-date=2024-03-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> |June 11, 2024 |Challenger |{{Icon|no}} Lost election |- |{{flagicon|South Carolina}} [[South Carolina's 1st congressional district|SC-01]] |''[[Nancy Mace]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=ALAFRIZ |first=OLIVIA |date=2024-03-09 |title=Trump endorses South Carolina Republican Nancy Mace |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/03/09/trump-endorses-south-carolina-republican-nancy-mace-00146142 |website=Politico}}</ref> |June 11, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|South Carolina}} [[South Carolina's 4th congressional district|SC-04]] |''[[William Timmons (politician)|William Timmons]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-29 |title=SC4: William Timmons Endorsed By Donald Trump - FITSNews |url=https://www.fitsnews.com/2024/02/29/sc4-william-timmons-endorsed-by-donald-trump/ |access-date=2024-03-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> |June 11, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Virginia}} [[Virginia's 2nd congressional district|VA-02]] |''[[Jen Kiggans]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/112509236487249242 |access-date=2024-10-30 |via=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> |June 18, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Colorado}} [[Colorado's 4th congressional district|CO-04]] |''[[Lauren Boebert]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stewart |first=Robert |date=2024-03-03 |title=Trump endorses Lauren Boebert in contested GOP primary - Washington Examiner |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/campaigns/2900221/trump-endorses-boebert-contested-gop-primary/ |access-date=2024-03-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> |June 25, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[New York's 4th congressional district|NY-04]] |''[[Anthony D'Esposito]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Herzlich |first=Taylor |date=2024-05-27 |title=Trump endorses Rep. D'Esposito in NY-04 re-election race - Featured |url=https://theisland360.com/featured/trump-endorses-rep-desposito-in-ny-04-re-election-race/ |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=The Island 360 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603210730/https://theisland360.com/featured/trump-endorses-rep-desposito-in-ny-04-re-election-race/ |archive-date=2024-06-03}}</ref> |June 25, 2024 |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Lost election |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[New York's 22nd congressional district|NY-22]] |''[[Brandon Williams (politician)|Brandon Williams]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manore |first=Alexis |date=2024-05-28 |title=Donald Trump endorses Brandon Williams for Congress |url=https://www.romesentinel.com/news/donald-trump-brandon-williams-ny22/article_edd70908-1cf8-11ef-b12f-e3621b94289e.html |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=[[Rome Sentinel]] |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530165731/https://www.romesentinel.com/news/donald-trump-brandon-williams-ny22/article_edd70908-1cf8-11ef-b12f-e3621b94289e.html |archive-date=2024-05-30}}</ref> |June 25, 2024 |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Lost election |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[New York's 24th congressional district|NY-24]] |''[[Claudia Tenney]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Stephen |date=2024-03-28 |title=Rep. Claudia Tenney receives endorsement of Donald J. Trump for re-election bid in 2024 |website=Newzjunky |url=https://www.newzjunky.com/rep-claudia-tenney-receives-endorsement-of-president-donald-j-trump-for-re-election-in-2024/ |access-date=2024-03-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> |June 25, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[Arizona's 8th congressional district|AZ-08]] |[[Abraham Hamadeh]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Alfred |first=Mark |date=2023-12-09 |title=Trump Turns on MAGA Sycophant Blake Masters |language=en |work=The Daily Beast |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/donaldtrump-turns-on-maga-sycophant-blake-masters-with-abe-hamadeh-endorsement |access-date=2023-12-10}}</ref> |July 30, 2024 |Open seat | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Tennessee}} [[Tennessee's 5th congressional district|TN-05]] |''[[Andy Ogles]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Housler |first=Kaitlin |date=2023-05-12 |title=Donald Trump Endorses Tennessee U.S. Congressman Andy Ogles for Re-Election |url=https://tennesseestar.com/news/donald-trump-endorses-tennessee-u-s-congressman-andy-ogles-for-re-election/khousler/2023/05/12/ |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=Tennessee Star |language=en-US}}</ref> |August 1, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Tennessee}} [[Tennessee's 7th congressional district|TN-07]] |''[[Mark Green (Tennessee politician)|Mark Green]]''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Olmsted |first=Edith |date=2024-02-29 |title=House Republican Reverses Retirement After Trump Endorsement |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/rep-mark-green-decides-not-to-retire-after-trump-promises-to-endorse-him |access-date=2024-03-01 |work=The Daily Beast |language=en}}</ref> |August 1, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- | rowspan="2" |{{flagicon|Alaska}} [[Alaska's at-large congressional district|AK-AL]] |[[Nancy Dahlstrom]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downing |first=Suzanne |date=2024-06-17 |title=Trump endorses Dahlstrom for Congress |url=https://mustreadalaska.com/trump-endorses-dahlstrom-for-congress/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=Must Read Alaska |language=en-US}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |August 20, 2024 | rowspan="2" |Challenger |{{Icon|no}} Withdrew |- |[[Nick Begich III|Nick Begich]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downing |first=Suzanne |date=2024-09-18 |title=Breaking: Donald Trump endorses Nick Begich for Congress |url=https://mustreadalaska.com/breaking-donald-trump-endorses-nick-begich-for-congress/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=Must Read Alaska |language=en-US}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 7th congressional district|FL-07]] |''[[Cory Mills]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Trump |first1=Donald |title=Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/112509310575961624 |via=Truth Social |access-date=28 May 2024}}</ref> |August 20, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 11th congressional district|FL-11]] |''[[Daniel Webster (Florida politician)|Daniel Webster]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bakich |first=Jackson |date=2023-12-01 |title=Webster Lands Official Trump Seal of Endorsement over Sabatini |url=https://floridianpress.com/2023/12/webster-lands-official-trump-seal-of-endorsement-over-sabatini/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204145918/https://floridianpress.com/2023/12/webster-lands-official-trump-seal-of-endorsement-over-sabatini/ |archive-date=2023-12-04 |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=The Floridian |language=en-US}}</ref> |August 20, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 22nd congressional district|FL-22]] |Dan Franzese<ref>{{Cite web |title=Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/112911985701345199 |access-date=2024-11-21 |via=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> |August 20, 2024 |Challenger |{{Icon|no}} Lost election |- |{{flagicon|Wyoming}} [[Wyoming's at-large congressional district|WY-AL]] |''[[Harriet Hageman]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/112509331814214912 |access-date=2024-11-22 |via=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> |August 20, 2024 |Incumbent | '''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Louisiana}} [[Louisiana's 1st congressional district|LA-01]] |''[[Steve Scalise]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/112509339275728338 |access-date=2024-11-22 |via=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> |November 5, 2024 |Incumbent |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Louisiana}} [[Louisiana's 3rd congressional district|LA-03]] |''[[Clay Higgins]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ken |date=2024-02-01 |title=President Donald J. Trump Endorses Virginia Foxx in 2024 Primary Election |url=https://www.hcpress.com/front-page/president-donald-j-trump-endorses-virginia-foxx-in-2024-primary-election.html |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=High Country Press |language=en-US}}</ref> |November 5, 2024 |Incumbent |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Louisiana}} [[Louisiana's 4th congressional district|LA-04]] |''[[Mike Johnson]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/112509341407109396 |access-date=2024-11-22 |via=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> |November 5, 2024 |Incumbent |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{flagicon|Louisiana}} [[Louisiana's 5th congressional district|LA-05]] |''[[Julia Letlow]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/111971849283205295 |access-date=2024-11-22 |via=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> |November 5, 2024 |Incumbent |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |} ==== 2024 state executive elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Office !Candidate !Primary date !Seat status !Primary result |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[2024 North Carolina Attorney General election|North Carolina]] | [[North Carolina Attorney General|Attorney General]] |[[Dan Bishop]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=WRAL |date=2024-03-02 |title=Donald Trump endorses Mark Robinson in bid for North Carolina governor |url=https://www.wral.com/story/trump-endorses-robinson-in-bid-for-nc-governor/21310079/ |access-date=2024-03-05 |publisher=WRAL |language=en}}</ref> |March 5, 2024 |Open seat |{{Icon|no}} Lost election |} ==== 2024 state legislative elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Office !Candidate !Result |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas]] |Barry Wernick<ref name=":4" /> |Texas State Representative |{{Icon|no}} |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas]] |[[Caroline Fairly]]<ref name=":4" /> |Texas State Representative |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas]] |''[[John T. Smithee]]''<ref name=":4" /> |Texas State Representative |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas]] |[[Don McLaughlin]]<ref name=":4" /> |Texas State Representative |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas]] |Stormy Bradley<ref name=":4" /> |Texas State Representative |{{Icon|no}} |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas]] |Liz Case<ref name=":4" /> |Texas State Representative |{{Icon|no}} |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas]] |[[Mike Olcott]]<ref name=":4" /> |Texas State Representative |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas]] |[[Helen Kerwin]]<ref name=":4" /> |Texas State Representative |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas]] |[[Hillary Hickland]]<ref name=":4" /> |Texas State Representative |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas]] |[[Wesley Virdell]]<ref name=":4" /> |Texas State Representative |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas]] |[[Alan Schoolcraft]]<ref name=":4" /> |Texas State Representative |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas]] |''[[Gary Gates (politician)|Gary Gates]]''<ref name=":4" /> |Texas State Representative |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas]] |David Covey<ref name=":4" /> |Texas State Representative |{{Icon|no}} |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas]] |[[Janis Holt]]<ref name=":4" /> |Texas State Representative |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas]] |''[[Steve Toth]]''<ref name=":4" /> |Texas State Representative |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas]] |[[Brent Money]]<ref name=":4" /> |Texas State Representative |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas]] |[[Brent Hagenbuch]]<ref name=":4" /> |Texas State Senator |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' |} ==== 2025 Speaker of the House of Representatives election ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Election !Candidate !Result |- |{{Flagicon|United States}} [[2025 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election|2025]] |''[[Mike Johnson]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-30 |title=Trump endorses Mike Johnson to stay on as House Speaker despite government funding turmoil |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-mike-johnson-house-speaker-gop-government-funding-8f4eef7f2b83d4c2d5db7fbce69f9368 |access-date=2025-01-02 |publisher=Associated Press |language=en}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |} === Second term as president === ==== 2025 state judicial elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Primary date !Seat status !Result |- |{{flagicon|Wisconsin}} [[2025 Wisconsin Supreme Court election|Wisconsin]] |[[Brad Schimel]]<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |access-date=January 22, 2026 |author=Vakil, Caroline |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/5208831-donald-trump-brad-schimel-wisconsin-supreme-court-race/ |date=March 22, 2025 |title=Trump endorses Schimel in high-stakes Wisconsin Supreme Court race}}</ref> |April 1, 2025 |Open |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |} ==== 2025 House special elections ==== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Election !Candidate !Result |- |{{Flagicon|Florida}}[[2025 Florida's 1st congressional district special election|FL-01]] |[[Jimmy Patronis]]<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Sangal |first1=Aditi |first2=Antoinette |last2=Radford |first3=Maureen |last3=Chowdhury |date=2024-11-25 |title=November 25, 2024 - Presidential transition news |publisher=CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/trump-transition-news-11-25-24#cm3x87d7h000z3b6nbs3akecr |access-date=2025-02-04 |language=en}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{Flagicon|Florida}}[[2025 Florida's 6th congressional district special election|FL-06]] |[[Randy Fine]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gancarski |first=A.G. |date=November 23, 2024 |title=Donald Trump backs Randy Fine as replacement for Mike Waltz in CD 6 |url=https://floridapolitics.com/archives/709287-trump-fine-cd6/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241123213518/https://floridapolitics.com/archives/709287-trump-fine-cd6/ |archive-date=November 23, 2024 |access-date=February 4, 2025 |website=Florida Politics}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{Flagicon|Tennessee}}[[2025 Tennessee's 7th congressional district special election|TN-07]] |[[Matt Van Epps]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rau |first=Nate |date=2025-10-03 |title=On eve of election, Trump backs Matt Van Epps in District 7 race |url= https://www.axios.com/local/nashville/2025/10/03/on-eve-of-election-trump-backs-matt-van-epps-in-district-7-race |access-date=2025-10-03 |publisher=CNN |language=en}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |} ==== 2025 gubernatorial elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Primary date !Seat status !Result |- |{{flagicon|New Jersey}} [[2025 New Jersey gubernatorial election|New Jersey]] |[[Jack Ciattarelli]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-13 |title=Trump endorses Jack Ciattarelli in New Jersey governor's race |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/trump-endorses-jack-ciattarelli-new-jersey-governors-race-rcna206404 |access-date=2025-05-15 |publisher=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> |June 10, 2025 |Open |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Virginia}} [[2025 Virginia gubernatorial election|Virginia]] |[[Winsome Earle-Sears]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lance |first=David |date=Oct 20, 2025 |title=Winsome Earle-Sears receives support from President Trump in Va. Gov. campaign |url=https://www.wavy.com/news/politics/virginia-governors-race/winsome-earle-sears-receives-endorsement-from-president-trump-in-va-gov-campaign/ |access-date=July 15, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251025023018/https://www.wavy.com/news/politics/virginia-governors-race/winsome-earle-sears-receives-endorsement-from-president-trump-in-va-gov-campaign/ |archive-date=October 25, 2025 }}</ref> |June 17, 2025 |Open |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |} ==== 2025 state executive elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Office !Candidate !Primary date !Seat status !Primary result |- |{{flagicon|Virginia}} [[2025 Virginia Attorney General election|Virginia]] | [[Attorney General of Virginia|Attorney General]] |''[[Jason Miyares]]''<ref>{{Cite web |access-date=2024-10-05 |title=Trump calls on Democratic attorney general nominee Jay Jones to drop out of race |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/5539522-trump-calls-for-jones-exit-virginia-ag-race/ |website=The Hill |language=en}}</ref> |June 28, 2025 |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |} ==== 2025 mayoral elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Primary date !Seat status !Result |- |{{flagicon|New York City}} [[2025 New York City mayoral election|New York City]] |[[Andrew Cuomo]] (Fight and Deliver party)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2025/11/03/nyregion/nyc-mayor-election-news/bfd49be5-e505-5a37-bb8e-629f35d8647a|title=Live Updates: Mayoral Candidates Make Urgent Appeals to N.Y.C. Voters in Race's Final Stretch|last=Gold|first=Michael|date=November 3, 2025|access-date=January 22, 2026|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> |June 24, 2025 |Challenger |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |- |{{flagicon|Miami}} [[2025 Miami mayoral election|Miami]] |[[Emilio T. Gonzalez]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://breakingthenews.net/Article/Trump-endorses-Emilio-Gonzales-for-Miami-mayor/65195195 |title=Trump endorses Emilio Gonzales for Miami mayor |date=November 16, 2025 |access-date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> |November 4, 2025 |Open |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |} ==== 2025 county executive elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Primary date !Seat status !Result |- |{{flagicon|Nassau County, New York}} [[2025 Nassau County Executive election|Nassau County]] |''[[Bruce Blakeman]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Trump endorsed his re-election, Bruce Blakeman: Thank you President! During my term, Nassau has become the safest county in the US |url=https://www.balkanweb.com/en/Trump-endorsed-his-re-election-Bruce-Blakeman--thank-you-President--during-my-term-Nassau-has-become-the-safest-county-in-the-US./#gsc.tab=0 |website=BW}}</ref> |November 4, 2025 |Incumbent |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |} ==== 2025-26 state legislative elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Primary date !Seat status !Result |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2025–26 Texas's 9th Senate district special election|TX SD-09]] |''[[Leigh Wambsganss]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2025/11/04/texas-senate-district-9-special-election-tarrant-county/ |title=Texas Senate District 9 special election pits Republicans against Democrat in Tarrant County |date=November 4, 2025 |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[The Texas Tribune]]}}</ref> |November 4, 2025 |Open |{{Icon|no}} Lost runoff |} ==== 2026 House special elections ==== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Election !Candidate !Result |- |{{Flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}}[[2026 Georgia's 14th congressional district special election|GA-14]] |[[Clay Fuller]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brams |first1=Sophie |title=Trump endorses Clay Fuller to succeed Greene |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/5723741-trump-endorses-clay-fuller-to-succeed-greene/ |website=The Hill |access-date=5 February 2026 |date=4 February 2026}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |{{Flagicon|California}}[[2026 California's 1st congressional district special election|CA-01]] |[[James Gallagher (California politician)|James Gallagher]]<ref name="the-downballot.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.the-downballot.com/p/morning-digest-republicans-have-their|title=Morning Digest: Republicans have their first shot at a special election flip on Saturday|last1=Nir|last2=Singer|first1=David|first2=Jeff|date=February 6, 2026|access-date=February 6, 2026}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Elected''' |- |} ==== 2026 gubernatorial elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Primary date !Seat status !Primary result |- |{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[2026 Alabama gubernatorial election|Alabama]] |[[Tommy Tuberville]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Darrington |first1=Patrick |title=Trump officially endorses Sen. Tommy Tuberville to be Alabama's next governor |url=https://www.al.com/news/2026/01/trump-officially-endorses-sen-tommy-tuberville-to-be-alabamas-next-governor.html |access-date=January 22, 2026 |work=Alabama News |date=January 22, 2026 |language=en}}</ref> |May 19, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |rowspan=2|{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[2026 Arizona gubernatorial election|Arizona]] |<s>[[Karrin Taylor Robson]]</s> ''(withdrew)''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecentersquare.com/arizona/article_4867afd8-c093-11ef-9720-c72e70b03336.html|title=Trump endorses Robson in 2026 Arizona gubernatorial race|last=Arcand|first=Cameron|date=December 22, 2024|access-date=December 22, 2024|website=[[The Center Square]]}}</ref> |rowspan=2|July 21, 2026 |rowspan=2|Challenger |{{Icon|no}} Withdrew |- |[[Andy Biggs]] ''(co-endorsement with Robson)''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Govindarao |first=Sejal |date=2025-04-22 |title=Trump adds second endorsement of Andy Biggs for Arizona governor race |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-endorsement-arizona-governor-596a7c7bc1129119b1c8e401bae987ad |access-date=2025-08-08 |publisher=Associated Press |language=en}}</ref> |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Arkansas}} [[2026 Arkansas gubernatorial election|Arkansas]] |''[[Sarah Huckabee Sanders]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-03 |title=Trump endorses dozens ahead of Tuesday elections — but doesn't name Earle-Sears |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/11/03/trump-endorses-republicans-earle-sears-00633218 |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=Politico |language=en}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|California}} [[2026 California gubernatorial election|California]] |[[Steve Hilton]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Will |first1=Anthony |title=Trump Endorses Steve Hilton for California Governor, Slams Newsom's Leadership |url=https://www.ibtimes.com.au/trump-endorses-steve-hilton-california-governor-slams-newsoms-leadership-1865540 |website=International Business Times |access-date=6 April 2026 |language=en |date=6 April 2026}}</ref> |June 2, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Advanced to General |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[2026 Florida gubernatorial election|Florida]] |[[Byron Donalds]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dixon |first1=Matt |title=Trump backs Rep. Byron Donalds in his likely run for Florida governor in 2026 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-backs-rep-byron-donalds-likely-run-florida-governor-2026-rcna192534 |access-date=February 20, 2025 |work=[[NBC News]] |date=February 20, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> |August 18, 2026 |Open Seat |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} [[2026 Georgia gubernatorial election|Georgia]] |[[Burt Jones]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bluestein |first=Greg |title=Trump endorses Burt Jones in Georgia governor's race |url=https://www.ajc.com/politics/2025/08/trump-endorses-burt-jones-in-georgia-governors-race/ |access-date=2025-08-12 |work=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |language=English |issn=1539-7459}}</ref> |June 16, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|no}} Lost Primary |- |{{flagicon|Idaho}} [[2026 Idaho gubernatorial election|Idaho]] |''[[Brad Little]]''<ref>{{cite news |title=Governor Little receives official endorsement from Trump |url=https://idahonews.com/news/local/governor-little-receives-official-endorsement-from-trump |access-date=June 11, 2025 |date=June 11, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Iowa}} [[2026 Iowa gubernatorial election|Iowa]] |[[Randy Feenstra]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Pfannenstiel|first=Brianne|date=May 29, 2026|title=Donald Trump endorses Randy Feenstra for governor in Iowa primary |url=https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/politics/elections/2026/05/29/trump-endorses-feenstra-iowa-governor-primary/90316451007/?gnt-cfr=1&gca-cat=p&gca-uir=false&gca-epti=z116029p118550c118550u115129e110550v116029&gca-ft=7&gca-ds=sophi|website=[[The Des Moines Register]]|access-date=May 29, 2026}}</ref> |June 2, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|no}} Lost Primary |- |{{flagicon|Kansas}} [[2026 Kansas gubernatorial election|Kansas]] |[[Ty Masterson]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Carter |first1=Aja |title=President Trump, Sen. Marshall endorse Ty Masterson for Kansas Governor |url=https://www.wibw.com/2026/05/24/president-trump-endorses-ty-masterson-kansas-governor/ |website=WIBW |access-date=25 May 2026 |language=en |date=24 May 2026}}</ref> |August 4, 2026 |Open Seat |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Michigan}} [[2026 Michigan gubernatorial election|Alabama]] |[[John James (Michigan politician)|John James]]{{citation needed|date=June 2026}} |August 4, 2026 |Open Seat |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Nebraska}} [[2026 Nebraska gubernatorial election|Nebraska]] |''[[Jim Pillen]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olberding |first=Matt |title=Trump endorses Pillen in his run for reelection |url=https://nebraskapublicmedia.org/en/news/news-articles/trump-endorses-pillen-in-his-run-for-reelection/ |access-date=2025-11-26 |publisher=Nebraska Public Media |language=en}}</ref> |May 12, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Nevada}} [[2026 Nevada gubernatorial election|Nevada]] |''[[Joe Lombardo]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Robison |first1=Mark |title=President Trump endorses Lombardo in Nevada governor's race |url=https://www.rgj.com/story/news/politics/elections/2025/11/06/president-trump-endorses-lombardo-in-nevada-governors-race/87130472007/ |access-date=November 7, 2025 |work=[[Reno Gazette Journal]] |date=November 6, 2025}}</ref> |June 9, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[2026 New York gubernatorial election|New York]] |[[Bruce Blakeman]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-20 |title=Trump endorses in New York governor race the day after Stefanik drops out |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/12/20/trump-new-york-governor-endorsement-bruce-blakeman-00702013 |access-date=2025-12-26 |website=Politico |language=en}}</ref> |June 23, 2026 |Challenger |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[2026 Ohio gubernatorial election|Ohio]] |[[Vivek Ramaswamy]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pelzer |first1=Jeremy |title=Vivek Ramaswamy launches 2026 Ohio governor campaign, picks up Trump endorsement |url=https://www.cleveland.com/news/2025/02/vivek-ramaswamy-launches-2026-ohio-governor-campaign-picks-up-trump-endorsement.html |website=[[The Plain Dealer]] |access-date=February 24, 2025|date=February 24, 2025}}</ref> |May 5, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Oklahoma}} [[2026 Oklahoma gubernatorial election|Oklahoma]] |[[Mike Mazzei]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hill |first1=April |title=President Donald Trump endorses and Oklahoma gubernatorial candidate |url=https://krmg.com/2026/05/29/president-donald-trump-endorses-and-oklahoma-gubernatorial-candidate/ |access-date=May 29, 2026 |work=[[KRMG-FM]] |date=May 29, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> |June 16, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Advanced to Runoff |- |rowspan=2|{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[2026 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election|Pennsylvania]] |<s>[[Dan Meuser]]</s> ''(declined to run)''<ref>{{cite web|last=Samuels|first=Brett|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/5326615-trump-says-he-would-back-gop-rep-meuser-for-pennsylvania-governor-bid/|title=Trump says he would back GOP Rep. Meuser for Pennsylvania governor bid|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|date=May 30, 2025|accessdate=June 4, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Toth |first1=Matthew |title='My focus needs to remain on doing my job': Rep. Meuser won't run for Pa governor in 2026 |url=https://www.ldnews.com/story/news/local/2025/07/09/congressman-dan-meuser-says-he-wont-run-for-pa-governor-in-2026/84516461007/ |access-date=July 9, 2025 |work=[[Lebanon Daily News]] |date=July 9, 2025}}</ref> |rowspan=2|May 19, 2026 |rowspan=2|Challenger |{{Icon|no}} Declined |- |[[Stacy Garrity]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Trump endorses Stacy Garrity in her bid to oust Gov. Josh Shapiro |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/politics-state/2026/01/27/stacy-garrity-donald-trump-pennsylvania-josh-shapiro/stories/202601270093 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |access-date=28 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref> |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |rowspan=2|{{flagicon|South Carolina}} [[2026 South Carolina gubernatorial election|South Carolina]] |[[Pamela Evette]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Reynolds |first1=Nick |title=Friday night bombshell: Donald Trump endorses Pamela Evette for governor of South Carolina |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/politics/donald-trump-pamela-evette-endorsement-governor/article_821d67be-33be-46c4-b90c-5f78f8cd1653.html |website=[[The Post and Courier]] |access-date=May 29, 2026 |language=en |date=May 29, 2026}}</ref> |rowspan=2|June 9, 2026 |rowspan=2|Open Seat |{{Icon|no}} Lost Primary |- |[[Alan Wilson (politician)|Alan Wilson]] ''(co-endorsement with Evette in the Runoff)''{{citation needed|date=June 2026}} |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2026 Texas gubernatorial election|Texas]] |''[[Greg Abbott]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dey |first=Sneha |date=2025-11-12 |title=Donald Trump endorses Texas Gov. Greg Abbott for reelection |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2025/11/11/texas-governor-2026-elections-greg-abbott-donald-trump-endorsement/ |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=The Texas Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Wisconsin}} [[2026 Wisconsin gubernatorial election|Wisconsin]] |[[Tom Tiffany]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Opoien |first1=Jessie |title=Donald Trump endorses Tom Tiffany in Wisconsin governor race |url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/politics/2026/01/27/donald-triump-endorses-tom-tiffany-in-wisconsin-governor-race/88388133007/ |website=Journal Sentinel |access-date=28 January 2026}}</ref> |August 11, 2026 |Open Seat |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Wyoming}} [[2026 Wyoming gubernatorial election|Wyoming]] |[[Megan Degenfelder]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zahn |first=Noah |date=2026-01-12 |title=Degenfelder announces bid for governor after Trump endorsement |url=https://www.wyomingnews.com/news/local_news/degenfelder-announces-bid-for-governor-after-trump-endorsement/article_f5ec3cdb-7271-4c54-b1b1-a9ee8e6b17fd.html |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=Wyoming News |language=en-US}}</ref> |August 18, 2026 |Open Seat |TBA |} ==== 2026 state executive elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Office !Candidate !Primary date !Seat status !Primary result |- |{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[2026 Alabama lieutenant gubernatorial election|Alabama]] |[[Lieutenant Governor of Alabama|Lieutenant Governor]] |[[John Wahl]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://1819news.com/news/item/trump-endorses-algop-chair-wahl-as-possible-candidate-for-lieutenant-governor|title=Trump endorses ALGOP chair Wahl as possible candidate for lieutenant governor|last=Taylor|first=Caleb|work=1819 News|date=January 22, 2026|access-date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> |June 16, 2026 |Open |{{Icon|aa}} Advanced to Runoff |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[2026 Florida Attorney General election|Florida]] |[[Attorney General of Florida|Attorney General]] |''[[James Uthmeier]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-08 |title=Trump backs DeSantis-allied Uthmeier for Florida attorney general |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/10/08/trump-uthmeier-desantis-florida-ag-00597957 |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=Politico |language=en}}</ref> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[2026 Florida Chief Financial Officer election|Florida]] |[[Chief Financial Officer of Florida|Chief Financial Officer]] |<s>[[Joe Gruters]]</s> ''(Withdrew)''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rohrer |first=Gray |date=2025-04-01 |title=Who will be Florida's next CFO? DeSantis faces key decision |url=https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/local/state/2025/04/01/desantis-cfo-decision-patronis-gruters-ingoglia/82759721007/ |access-date=2025-07-04 |website=[[Tallahassee Democrat]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Russell |first1=Ty |title=RNC Chair Gruters to remain in Florida senate but bow out of CFO race |url=https://www.wfla.com/news/florida/rnc-chair-gruters-to-remain-in-florida-senate-but-bow-out-of-cfo-race/ |publisher=[[WFLA-TV]] |access-date=2 September 2025 |date=28 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250828231453/https://www.wfla.com/news/florida/rnc-chair-gruters-to-remain-in-florida-senate-but-bow-out-of-cfo-race/ |archive-date=28 August 2025}}</ref> |August 18, 2026 |Challenger |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[2026 Florida Commissioner of Agriculture election|Florida]] |[[Florida Commissioner of Agriculture|Commissioner of Agriculture]] |''[[Wilton Simpson]]''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Leonard |first=Kimberly |date=October 23, 2025 |title=Simpson gets the pre-endorsement |url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/florida-playbook/2025/10/23/simpson-gets-the-pre-endorsement-00619524 |work=[[Politico]] |access-date=October 24, 2025}}</ref> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Idaho}} [[2026 Idaho lieutenant gubernatorial election|Idaho]] |[[Lieutenant Governor of Idaho|Lieutenant Governor]] |''[[Scott Bedke]]''<ref name="Nitzberg">{{Cite news |last=Nitzberg |first=Alex |date=April 14, 2026 |title=Trump endorses neighboring state lieutenant governors for re-election |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-endorses-neighboring-state-lieutenant-governors-re-election |work=[[Fox News]] |access-date=April 14, 2026}}</ref> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Nebraska}} [[2026 Nebraska Attorney General election|Nebraska]] |[[Attorney General of Nebraska|Attorney General]] |''[[Mike Hilgers]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump endorses Mike Hilgers for Attorney General of Nebraska |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/116382124929663354 |access-date=April 11, 2026 |via=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> |May 12, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Nevada}} [[2026 Nevada lieutenant gubernatorial election|Nevada]] |[[Lieutenant Governor of Nevada|Lieutenant Governor]] |''[[Stavros Anthony]]''<ref name="Nitzberg"/> |June 9, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Nevada}} [[2026 Nevada Attorney General election|Nevada]] |[[Attorney General of Nevada|Attorney General]] |[[Adriana Guzmán Fralick]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Seeman |first1=Matthew |title=Trump endorses Nevada attorney general candidate in GOP primary race |url=https://news3lv.com/news/local/trump-endorses-republican-candidate-adriana-guzman-fralick-nevada-attorney-general-primary-election-politics-danny-tarkanian |website=KSNV |access-date=June 5, 2026 |language=en |date=June 3, 2026}}</ref> |June 9, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won primary |- |{{flagicon|Oklahoma}} [[2026 Oklahoma lieutenant gubernatorial election|Oklahoma]] |[[Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma|Lieutenant Governor]] |[[T. W. Shannon]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tortorello |first1=Rarchar |title=Trump Endorsement Reshapes Oklahoma Lieutenant Governor Primary |url=https://www.citynewsokc.com/business/trump-endorsement-reshapes-oklahoma-lieutenant-governor-primary/article_1eff80c7-8307-4eca-a9dd-f462b7338466.html |website=Oklahoma City Sentinel |access-date=25 March 2026 |language=en |date=24 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260429003237/https://www.citynewsokc.com/business/trump-endorsement-reshapes-oklahoma-lieutenant-governor-primary/article_1eff80c7-8307-4eca-a9dd-f462b7338466.html |archive-date=29 April 2026}}</ref> |June 16, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|South Carolina}} [[2026 South Carolina Commissioner of Agriculture election|South Carolina]] |[[South Carolina Department of Agriculture|Agriculture Commissioner]] |Cody Simpson<ref>{{cite web |last1=Adcox |first1=Seanna |title=McMaster and Trump endorse 3rd potential candidate for SC agriculture commissioner|url=https://scdailygazette.com/2026/02/05/mcmaster-and-trump-endorse-3rd-potential-candidate-for-agriculture-commissioner/ |website=SC Daily Gazette |access-date=4 April 2026 |date=5 February 2026}}</ref> |June 9, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2026 Texas lieutenant gubernatorial election|Texas]] |[[Lieutenant Governor of Texas|Lieutenant Governor]] |''[[Dan Patrick (politician)|Dan Patrick]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kvue.com/article/news/politics/texas-dan-patrick-reelection-lieutenant-governor/269-3337d337-9158-4e15-983d-737465f662ea|title=Texas Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick announces re-election bid|last1=Eubank|last2=Carolan|first1=Britney|first2=Sam|date=April 11, 2025|access-date=April 11, 2025|publisher=[[KVUE]]}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2026 Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts election|Texas]] |[[Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts|Comptroller]] |[[Don Huffines]]<ref name="Huffines">{{cite web |last=Yu |first=Issac |date=February 27, 2026 |title=Trump endorses against Abbott's picks for Texas Ag Commissioner and Comptroller ahead of GOP primary |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/politics/election/2026/article/trump-sid-miller-don-huffines-abbott-21946633.php |publisher=[[Houston Chronicle]] |access-date=February 28, 2025}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2026 Texas elections|Texas]] |[[Texas General Land Office|General Land Commissioner]] |''[[Dawn Buckingham]]''<ref name="Huffines"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2026 Texas Commissioner of Agriculture election|Texas]] |[[Texas Department of Agriculture|Agriculture Commissioner]] |''[[Sid Miller (politician)|Sid Miller]]''<ref name="Huffines"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Lost primary |} ==== 2026 Senate elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Primary date !Seat status !Primary result |- |{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[2026 United States Senate election in Alabama|Alabama]] |[[Barry Moore (American politician)|Barry Moore]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Barry Moore? Trump's choice for Alabama's next US Senator; US President reveals key reasons behind his support for US Congressman|url=https://m.economictimes.com/us/news/who-is-barry-moore-trumps-choice-for-alabamas-next-us-senator-us-president-reveals-key-reasons-behind-his-support-for-us-congressman/articleshow/126639467.cms|access-date=2026-01-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> |June 16, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Alaska}} [[2026 United States Senate election in Alaska|Alaska]] |[[Dan Sullivan (U.S. senator)|''Dan Sullivan'']]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump endorses Alaska U.S. Sen. Dan Sullivan |url=https://www.adn.com/politics/2025/07/21/trump-endorses-alaska-us-sen-dan-sullivan/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=Anchorage Daily News}}</ref> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Arkansas}} [[2026 United States Senate election in Arkansas|Arkansas]] |''[[Tom Cotton]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-09 |title=Trump endorses Senator Tom Cotton's re-election bid |url=https://www.thv11.com/article/news/local/trump-endorses-tom-cotton-re-election-as-senator/91-fe400e4e-8f5c-4ad8-aeb4-c57409b8d0ee |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=thv11.com |language=en-US}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[2026 United States Senate special election in Florida|Florida]] |''[[Ashley Moody]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://floridapolitics.com/archives/748780-donald-trump-endorses-ashley-moody-early/|title=Donald Trump endorses Ashley Moody's return to U.S. Senate|last=Gancarski|first=A.G.|date=July 25, 2025|access-date=September 15, 2025|website=[[Florida Politics]]}}</ref> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} [[2026 United States Senate election in Georgia|Georgia]] |[[Mike Collins (politician)|Mike Collins]]{{citation needed|date=June 2026}} |May 19, 2026 |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Idaho}} [[2026 United States Senate election in Idaho|Idaho]] |''[[Jim Risch]]''<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Ratliff|first1=Seth|title=President Trump endorses Senator Risch well ahead of mid-term elections|url=https://localnews8.com/news/top-stories/2025/03/20/president-trump-endorses-senator-risch-well-ahead-of-mid-term-elections/|date=March 20, 2025|access-date=September 13, 2025|publisher=[[KIFI-TV]]}}</ref> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Iowa}} [[2026 United States Senate election in Iowa|Iowa]] |[[Ashley Hinson]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump endorses Rep. Ashley Hinson's campaign for Iowa's U.S. Senate seat |url=https://www.thegazette.com/campaigns-elections/trump-endorses-rep-ashley-hinsons-campaign-for-iowas-u-s-senate-seat/ |access-date=2025-09-07 |language=en-US}}</ref> |June 2, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Kansas}} [[2026 United States Senate election in Kansas|Kansas]] |''[[Roger Marshall]]''<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-09 |title=Trump endorses Kansas politicians Roger Marshall, Derek Schmidt, Tracey Mann|url=https://www.cjonline.com/story/news/politics/elections/2025/07/22/donald-trump-endorses-kansas-gop-congressmen-for-reelection-in-2026/85307235007/?gnt-cfr=1&gca-cat=p&gca-uir=false&gca-epti=z118570p115750c115750e002000v118570&gca-ft=160&gca-ds=sophi&gnt-djm=1 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=cjonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> |August 4, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Kentucky}} [[2026 United States Senate election in Kentucky|Kentucky]] |[[Andy Barr]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Rep. Andy Barr gets coveted Trump endorsement in Kentucky Senate race to replace McConnell |url=https://apnews.com/article/mcconnell-trump-barr-kentucky-senate-22cff179110a64691947a79f13e00c22 |website=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=May 1, 2026 |language=en |date=May 1, 2026}}</ref> |May 19, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Louisiana}} [[2026 United States Senate election in Louisiana|Louisiana]] |[[Julia Letlow]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 18, 2026 |title=Trump Backs a Potential Primary Challenger to Bill Cassidy, a G.O.P. Senator |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/18/us/politics/trump-bill-cassidy-julia-letlow-primary-challenge-endorsement.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> |June 27, 2026 |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Michigan}} [[2026 United States Senate election in Michigan|Michigan]] |[[Mike Rogers (Michigan politician)|Mike Rogers]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shelton |first=Shajaka |date=July 24, 2025 |title=Trump endorses Rogers for U.S. Senate |url=https://www.wlns.com/your-local-election-hq/trump-endorses-rogers-for-u-s-senate/ |access-date=September 13, 2025 |work=[[WLNS-TV|WLNS]]}}</ref> |August 4, 2026 |Open Seat |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Mississippi}} [[2026 United States Senate election in Mississippi|Mississippi]] |''[[Cindy Hyde-Smith]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title= Hyde-Smith draws GOP challenger as Democrats target her Mississippi U.S. Senate seat|url= https://magnoliatribune.com/2025/05/09/hyde-smith-draws-gop-challenger-as-democrats-target-her-mississippi-u-s-senate-seat/|access-date=2025-09-13 |website=Magnolia Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> |March 10, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |rowspan=2|{{flagicon|Montana}} [[2026 United States Senate election in Montana|Montana]] |''<s>[[Steve Daines]]</s>'' (withdrew)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Blair |title=Daines gets Trump's endorsement as he readies 2026 Senate reelection bid |url=https://helenair.com/news/state-regional/government-politics/article_a8313a29-db4d-4506-957d-677f4882100e.html |access-date=September 13, 2025 |work=[[Independent Record]] |date=April 23, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> |rowspan=2|June 2, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Withdrew |- |[[Kurt Alme]]<ref name=Bloomberg1>{{cite web |title=Trump Endorses Alme for Montana Senate as Daines Steps Aside |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-03-05/trump-endorses-alme-for-montana-senate-as-daines-steps-aside |website=Bloomberg |access-date=5 March 2026}}</ref> |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Nebraska}} [[2026 United States Senate election in Nebraska|Nebraska]] |''[[Pete Ricketts]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Salinas |first1=Juan |title= Nebraska's Dan Osborn statistically tied with U.S. Sen. Pete Ricketts in poll |url= https://nebraskaexaminer.com/2025/04/10/nebraskas-dan-osborn-statistically-tied-with-u-s-sen-pete-ricketts-in-poll/ |website=[[Nebraska Examiner]] |date=April 10, 2025 |access-date=September 13, 2025 }}</ref> |May 12, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|New Hampshire}} [[2026 United States Senate election in New Hampshire|New Hampshire]] |[[John E. Sununu]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Manchester |first=Julia |title=Trump backs John Sununu in New Hampshire Senate race |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/5717664-trump-endorses-sununu-nh-senate/ |website=The Hill |date=February 1, 2026 |access-date=February 1, 2026}}</ref> |September 8, 2026 |Open Seat |TBA |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[2026 United States Senate election in North Carolina|North Carolina]] |[[Michael Whatley]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RNC chair Michael Whatley to run for Senate in North Carolina with Trump's support |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/07/24/whatley-senate-north-carolina-trump-00473419 |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=Politico}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[2026 United States Senate election in Ohio|Ohio]] |''[[Jon Husted]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Lydia |title=Trump endorses Husted for 2026 Senate race |url=https://spectrumnews1.com/oh/cincinnati/news/2025/04/09/trump-endorses-husted-for-2026-senate-race |access-date=September 13, 2025 |work=[[Spectrum News]] |date=April 9, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> |May 5, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |rowspan=2|{{flagicon|Oklahoma}} [[2026 United States Senate election in Oklahoma|Oklahoma]] |''<s>[[Markwayne Mullin]]</s>'' (resigned to become [[United States Secretary of Homeland Security|DHS Secretary]])<ref>{{cite news |last1=Krehbiel |first1=Randy |title=Political notebook: Strong income tax receipts keep state revenue on track |url=https://tulsaworld.com/news/state-regional/government-politics/article_1e973cb9-33a2-46c9-bdf3-a9ffb024a44e.html |access-date=May 20, 2025 |work=Tulsa World |date=May 18, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> |rowspan=2|June 16, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Resigned |- |[[Kevin Hern]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Onstot |first1=Evan |title=Trump endorses Kevin Hern for Oklahoma Senate seat |url=https://www.koco.com/article/trump-endorses-kevin-hern-oklahoma-senate-seat/70740280 |website=KOCO |access-date=14 March 2026 |language=en |date=14 March 2026}}</ref> |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|South Carolina}} [[2026 United States Senate election in South Carolina|South Carolina]] |''[[Lindsey Graham]]''<ref>{{cite news |work=[[WCIV]] |access-date=September 13, 2025 |author=Kayanja, Ian |title=President Trump endorses Lindsey Graham as senator eyes 2026 reelection bid |url=https://abcnews4.com/news/local/trump-endorses-sen-lindsey-graham-as-senator-eyes-2026-reelection-bid-donald-trump-lindsey-graham-reelection-wciv-abc-news-4-03-26-2025 |date=March 26, 2025}}</ref> |June 9, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|South Dakota}} [[2026 United States Senate election in South Dakota|South Dakota]] |''[[Mike Rounds]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rounds wins Trump endorsement after playing deal-making role in rescinding public media funds |url=https://southdakotasearchlight.com/briefs/rounds-wins-trump-endorsement-after-playing-deal-making-role-in-rescinding-public-media-funds/ |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=South Dakota Searchlight |language=en-US}}</ref> |June 2, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Tennessee}} [[2026 United States Senate election in Tennessee|Tennessee]] |''[[Bill Hagerty]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump endorses Bill Hagerty for Senate |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/114231344319625636 |access-date=September 14, 2025 |via=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> |August 6, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2026 United States Senate election in Texas|Texas]] |[[Ken Paxton]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goldmacher |first1=Shane |title=Trump Endorses Paxton in Final Week of G.O.P. Senate Runoff in Texas |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/05/19/us/politics/trump-paxton-endorsement-cornyn-texas-senate.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=May 19, 2026}}</ref> |May 26, 2026 |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|West Virginia}} [[2026 United States Senate election in West Virginia|West Virginia]] |''[[Shelley Moore Capito]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Trump endorses Capito | website=[[The Guardian.com]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/live/2025/may/16/donald-trump-gulf-tax-bill-medicaid-us-politics-live-updates?CMP=share_btn_url&page=with%3Ablock-682756e28f0835109b839df2#block-682756e28f0835109b839df2 |date=May 15, 2025 |access-date=September 14, 2025}}</ref> |May 12, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |rowspan=2|{{flagicon|Wyoming}} [[2026 United States Senate election in Wyoming|Wyoming]] |''<s>[[Cynthia Lummis]]</s>'' (declined to run)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stingray |first1=River |title=Trump endorses Lummis for second term far ahead of 2026 election |url=https://buckrail.com/trump-endorses-lummis-for-second-term-far-ahead-of-2026-election/ |access-date=September 14, 2025 |work=Buckrail |date=March 27, 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Mestas |first=Denise |date=December 19, 2025 |title=Lummis Announces Decision To Not Seek Re-Election in 2026 |url=https://www.wyomingnewsnow.tv/news/lummis-announces-decision-to-not-seek-re-election-in-2026/article_5c48a0b7-4d04-49cd-8ffd-9fc06138d339.html |access-date=January 23, 2026 |website=Wyoming News Now |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251221192430/https://www.wyomingnewsnow.tv/news/lummis-announces-decision-to-not-seek-re-election-in-2026/article_5c48a0b7-4d04-49cd-8ffd-9fc06138d339.html |archive-date=December 21, 2025}}</ref> |rowspan=2|August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Declined |- |[[Harriet Hageman]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Steinhauser |first1=Paul |title=Trump ally who ousted Cheney launches Senate bid keep GOP seat in Republican hands |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/scoop-trump-ally-harriet-hageman-who-ousted-cheney-launches-senate-bid-keep-gop-seat-republican-hands |work=[[Fox News]] |date=December 23, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> |Open Seat |TBA |} ==== 2026 House elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Primary date !Seat status !Primary result |- |{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[Alabama's 3rd congressional district|AL-03]] |[[Mike Rogers (Alabama politician)|''Mike Rogers'']]<ref name="Alabama">{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Daniel |title='He will never let you down!' — Trump endorses Aderholt, Strong, Palmer, Rogers for reelection |url=https://1819news.com/news/item/he-will-never-let-you-down-trump-endorses-aderholt-strong-palmer-rogers-for-reelection |access-date=January 23, 2026 |work=[[1819 News]] |date=November 3, 2025}}</ref> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[Alabama's 4th congressional district|AL-04]] |''[[Robert Aderholt]]''<ref name="Alabama"/> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[Alabama's 5th congressional district|AL-05]] |''[[Dale Strong]]''<ref name="Alabama"/> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Alabama}} [[Alabama's 6th congressional district|AL-06]] |''[[Gary Palmer]]''<ref name="Alabama"/> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Alaska}} [[Alaska's at-large congressional district|AK-AL]] |[[Nick Begich III|''Nick Begich'']]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brooks |first1=James |title=Trump backs Begich for reelection to Alaska's U.S. House seat in 2026 |url=https://alaskabeacon.com/briefs/trump-backs-begich-for-reelection-to-alaskas-u-s-house-seat-in-2026/ |access-date=September 14, 2025 |work=Alaska Beacon |date=May 8, 2025}}</ref> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |rowspan=2|{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[Arizona's 1st congressional district|AZ-01]] |<s>[[Gina Swoboda]]</s> ''(withdrew)''<ref name=DualEndorsement/> |rowspan=2|July 21, 2026 |rowspan=2|Open Seat |{{Icon|no}} Withdrew |- |[[Jay Feely]] ''(co-endorsement with Swoboda)''<ref name="DualEndorsement">{{cite web |last1=Gersony |first1=Laura |title=Trump issues rare dual endorsement in Arizona swing district |url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/arizona/2026/01/06/trump-issues-dual-endorsement-jay-feely-gina-swoboda-congress/87853100007/ |website=AZ Central |access-date=23 January 2026}}</ref> |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[Arizona's 2nd congressional district|AZ-02]] |''[[Eli Crane]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Trump's Endorsement of Eli Crane: Potential Boost for Energy Stocks and Sector Funds |url=https://www.tipranks.com/news/catalyst/trumps-endorsement-of-eli-crane-potential-boost-for-energy-stocks-and-sector-funds#google_vignette |website=TipRanks Financial |access-date=23 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref> |July 21, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[Arizona's 5th congressional district|AZ-05]] |[[Mark Lamb (sheriff)|Mark Lamb]]<ref>{{cite news |title= President Trump Endorses Former Pinal County Sheriff Mark Lamb For Congress |url= https://azfreenews.com/2025/11/president-trump-endorses-former-pinal-county-sheriff-mark-lamb-for-congress/ |access-date= January 23, 2026 |work= |date= November 5, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> |July 21, 2026 |Open Seat |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[Arizona's 6th congressional district|AZ-06]] |''[[Juan Ciscomani]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nintzel |first1=Jim |title=Trump endorses Ciscomani; Az Dems have party problems|url= https://www.tucsonsentinel.com/local/report/042925_political_roundup/trump-endorses-ciscomani-az-dems-have-party-problems/ |work=Tucson Senteniel |date=April 29, 2025}}</ref> |July 21, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[Arizona's 8th congressional district|AZ-08]] |''[[Abraham Hamadeh]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nitzberg |first1=Alex |title= Trump endorses House freshman for reelection less than six months into the lawmaker's congressional tenure |url= https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-endorses-house-freshman-reelection-less-than-six-months-lawmakers-congressional-tenure |work=[[Fox News]] |date=June 16, 2025}}</ref> |July 21, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Arizona}} [[Arizona's 9th congressional district|AZ-09]] |''[[Paul Gosar]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Trump's Endorsement of Gosar: Potential Boost for Energy Stocks and Sector Funds |url=https://www.tipranks.com/news/catalyst/trumps-endorsement-of-gosar-potential-stock-market-impacts-on-energy-and-manufacturing-sectors#google_vignette |website=TipRanks Financial |access-date=23 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref> |July 21, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Arkansas}} [[Arkansas's 1st congressional district|AR-01]] |''[[Rick Crawford (politician)|Rick Crawford]]''<ref name=Arkansaw>{{Cite web |title=- President Trump endorses Arkansas congressmen in reelection bids |url=https://www.5newsonline.com/article/news/local/president-trump-endorses-arkansas-congressmen-reelection-bids/527-e20394ee-aa92-4db0-b5f5-57080c02467b}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Arkansas}} [[Arkansas's 2nd congressional district|AR-02]] |''[[French Hill (politician)|French Hill]]''<ref name=Arkansaw/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Arkansas}} [[Arkansas's 3rd congressional district|AR-03]] |''[[Steve Womack]]''<ref name=Arkansaw/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Arkansas}} [[Arkansas's 4th congressional district|AR-04]] |''[[Bruce Westerman]]''<ref name=Arkansaw/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|California}} [[California's 5th congressional district|CA-05]] |''[[Tom McClintock]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |June 2, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Advanced to General |- |{{flagicon|California}} [[California's 13th congressional district|CA-13]] |[[Kevin Lincoln (politician)|Kevin Lincoln]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Manchester |first=Julia |date=December 25, 2025 |title=Trump wades into House races, putting endorsement force to the test |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/5662512-trump-midterm-endorsements-impact/ |access-date=December 26, 2025 |website=The Hill}}</ref> |June 2, 2026 |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Advanced to General |- |{{flagicon|California}} [[California's 20th congressional district|CA-20]] |''[[Vince Fong]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump endorses Vince Fong for House of Representatives|url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/115375108797044323 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |via=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> |June 2, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Advanced to General |- |{{flagicon|California}} [[California's 23rd congressional district|CA-23]] |''[[Jay Obernolte]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |June 2, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Advanced to General |- |rowspan=2|{{flagicon|California}} [[California's 48th congressional district|CA-48]] |<s>''[[Darrell Issa]]''</s> (withdrew)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tipranks.com/news/catalyst/trumps-endorsement-of-darrell-issa-potential-tailwinds-for-u-s-energy-defense-and-industrial-stocks|title=Trump's Endorsement of Darrell Issa: Potential Tailwinds for U.S. Energy, Defense, and Industrial Stocks|date=January 23, 2026|access-date=February 17, 2026}}</ref> |rowspan=2|June 2, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Withdrew |- |[[Jim Desmond]]<ref name="ATEAPRIL"/> |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Advanced to General |- |rowspan=2|{{flagicon|Colorado}} [[Colorado's 3rd congressional district|CO-03]] |''[[Jeff Hurd]]'' (re-endorsed)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Luning |first1=Ernest |title=Donald Trump endorses Republican Jeff Hurd's bid for reelection in Colorado's 3rd CD |url=https://www.coloradopolitics.com/2025/10/28/donald-trump-endorses-republican-jeff-hurds-bid-for-reelection-in-colorados-3rd-cd/ |access-date=November 8, 2025 |work=[[Colorado Politics]] |date=October 28, 2025}}</ref> |rowspan=2|June 30, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |<s>Hope Scheppelman</s> ''(withdrew)''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brams |first1=Sophie |title=Trump pulls endorsement of Hurd over tariffs vote |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/5749448-hurd-loses-trump-backing/ |access-date=February 21, 2026 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=February 21, 2026}}</ref> |Challenger |{{Icon|no}} Withdrew |- |{{flagicon|Colorado}} [[Colorado's 4th congressional district|CO-04]] |''[[Lauren Boebert]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Luning |first=Ernest |date=2025-07-24 |title=Donald Trump endorses Republican Lauren Boebert's 2026 reelection bid in Colorado's deep red 4th CD |url=https://www.coloradopolitics.com/elections/2026/donald-trump-endorses-republican-lauren-boeberts-2026-reelection-bid-in-colorados-deep-red-4th-cd/article_2c9c1325-536e-4ee6-93bc-cc1a2fdf2d96.html |access-date=2025-08-08 |website=Colorado Politics |language=en}}</ref> |June 30, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Colorado}} [[Colorado's 5th congressional district|CO-05]] |''[[Jeff Crank]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Luning |first=Ernest |date=2025-08-20 |title=Donald Trump endorses Colorado Republican Jeff Crank's bid for reelection |url=https://www.coloradopolitics.com/2025/08/20/donald-trump-endorses-colorado-republican-jeff-cranks-bid-for-reelection/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Colorado Politics |language=en-US}}</ref> |June 30, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Colorado}} [[Colorado's 8th congressional district|CO-08]] |''[[Gabe Evans]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Luning |first1=Ernest |title=Donald Trump endorses Republican Gabe Evans in Colorado's tossup 8th Congressional District |url=https://www.coloradopolitics.com/elections/2026/donald-trump-endorses-republican-gabe-evans-in-colorados-tossup-8th-congressional-district/article_4b5aa753-3dd8-4910-b3d0-a1ca419d2919.html |access-date=September 14, 2025 |work=[[Colorado Politics]] |date=April 28, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> |June 30, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 1st congressional district|FL-01]] |''[[Jimmy Patronis]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Jimmy Patronis snags Donald Trump endorsement |url=https://floridapolitics.com/archives/762317-jimmy-patronis-snags-donald-trump-endorsement/ |website=Florida Politics |date=October 25, 2025 |access-date=October 26, 2025}}</ref> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 2nd congressional district|FL-02]] |''<s>[[Neal Dunn]]</s>'' (declined to run)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dixon |first1=Matt |title=Trump backs Rep. Anna Paulina Luna in her likely run for reelection in 2026 |url=https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/04/03/congress/trump-proxy-voting-support-00271110 |access-date=September 14, 2025 |work=[[NBC News]] |date=April 3, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Declined |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 3rd congressional district|FL-03]] |''[[Kat Cammack]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ogles |first1=Jacob |title=Kat Cammack secures valuable Donald Trump endorsement for third term |url=https://floridapolitics.com/archives/760947-kat-cammack-secures-valuable-donald-trump-endorsement-for-third-term/ |access-date=October 16, 2025 |work=[[Florida Politics]] |date=October 16, 2025}}</ref> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 4th congressional district|FL-04]] |''[[Aaron Bean]]''<ref name="SevenMore">{{cite web |last1=Gancarski |first1=A. G. |title=Donald Trump endorses seven more Congressional incumbents in Florida |url=https://floridapolitics.com/archives/779269-donald-trump-endorses-seven-more-congressional-incumbents/ |website=Florida Politics |access-date=11 February 2026 |date=11 February 2026}}</ref> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 5th congressional district|FL-05]] |''[[John Rutherford (Florida politician)|John Rutherford]]''<ref name="SevenMore"/> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 6th congressional district|FL-06]] |''[[Randy Fine]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Donald Trump backs 'MAGA Warrior' Randy Fine ahead of contested primary in CD 6 |url=https://floridapolitics.com/archives/762299-donald-trump-backs-maga-warrior-randy-fine-ahead-of-contested-primary-in-cd-6/ |website=Florida Politics |date=October 25, 2025 |access-date=October 26, 2025}}</ref> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 7th congressional district|FL-07]] |''[[Cory Mills]]''<ref name="SevenMore"/> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 8th congressional district|FL-08]] |''[[Mike Haridopolos]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Donald Trump endorses 'America First Patriot' Mike Haridopolos for re-election |url=https://floridapolitics.com/archives/762300-donald-trump-endorses-mike-haridopolos-re-election/ |website=Florida Politics |date=October 25, 2025 |access-date=October 26, 2025 |quote=Haridopolos is actively campaigning for another term.}}</ref> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 11th congressional district|FL-11]] |<s>''[[Daniel Webster (Florida politician)|Daniel Webster]]''</s> (withdrew)<ref name="SevenMore"/> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Withdrew |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 12th congressional district|FL-12]] |''[[Gus Bilirakis]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 13th congressional district|FL-13]] |''[[Anna Paulina Luna]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dixon |first1=Matt |title=Trump backs Rep. Anna Paulina Luna in her likely run for reelection in 2026 |url=https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/04/03/congress/trump-proxy-voting-support-00271110 |access-date=September 14, 2025 |work=[[NBC News]] |date=April 3, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 15th congressional district|FL-15]] |''[[Laurel Lee]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |rowspan=2|{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 16th congressional district|FL-16]] |''<s>[[Vern Buchanan]]</s>'' (declined to run)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/florida-playbook/2026/01/28/another-retirement-more-jockeying-00751657|title=Another retirement, more jockeying|last1=Leonard|last2=Williams|first1=Kimberly|first2=Kylie|date=January 28, 2026|access-date=January 28, 2026|website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> |rowspan=2|August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Declined |- |Sydney Gruters<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-24 |title=Trump urges Sydney Gruters to run in Florida race to replace Buchanan |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2026/03/24/trump-sydney-gruters-replace-vern-buchanan-00842378 |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}</ref> |Open Seat |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 17th congressional district|FL-17]] |''[[Greg Steube]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Greg Steube secures another Donald Trump endorsement |url=https://floridapolitics.com/archives/762302-greg-steube-secures-another-donald-trump-endorsement/ |website=Florida Politics |date=October 25, 2025 |access-date=October 26, 2025}}</ref> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 18th congressional district|FL-18]] |''[[Scott Franklin (politician)|Scott Franklin]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 21st congressional district|FL-21]] |''[[Brian Mast]]''<ref name="SevenMore"/> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 26th congressional district|FL-26]] |''[[Mario Díaz-Balart]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 27th congressional district|FL-27]] |''[[Maria Elvira Salazar]]''<ref name="SevenMore"/> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[Florida's 28th congressional district|FL-28]] |''[[Carlos A. Giménez|Carlos Giménez]]''<ref name="SevenMore"/> |August 18, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} [[Georgia's 1st congressional district|GA-01]] |Jim Kingston<ref name="ATEAPRIL"/> |May 19, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} [[Georgia's 3rd congressional district|GA-03]] |''[[Brian Jack]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tipranks.com/news/catalyst/how-trumps-endorsement-of-brian-jack-could-nudge-agriculture-energy-and-defense-stocks |title=How Trump's Endorsement of Brian Jack Could Nudge Agriculture, Energy, and Defense Stocks |date=January 23, 2026|access-date=April 4, 2026}}</ref> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} [[Georgia's 7th congressional district|GA-07]] |''[[Rich McCormick]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} [[Georgia's 8th congressional district|GA-08]] |''[[Austin Scott]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} [[Georgia's 9th congressional district|GA-09]] |''[[Andrew Clyde]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} [[Georgia's 10th congressional district|GA-10]] |[[Houston Gaines]]<ref name="ATEAPRIL"/> |May 19, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} [[Georgia's 11th congressional district|GA-11]] |''<s>[[Barry Loudermilk]]</s>'' (withdrew)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump endorses Barry Loudermilk for House |url= https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/114876638674610838 |access-date=September 14, 2025 |via=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Withdrew |- |{{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} [[Georgia's 12th congressional district|GA-12]] |''[[Rick Allen (politician)|Rick Allen]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |rowspan=2|{{flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} [[Georgia's 14th congressional district|GA-14]] |''<s>[[Marjorie Taylor Greene]]</s>'' (endorsement rescinded,<br>resigned)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-withdraws-support-marjorie-taylor-greene-2025-11-15/|title=Trump withdraws support for Marjorie Taylor Greene|date=November 14, 2025|access-date=November 14, 2025|publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> |rowspan=2|May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Resigned |- |[[Clay Fuller]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump endorses Clay Fuller for House of Representatives|url= https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/116596785594736554 |access-date=May 20, 2026 |via=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Idaho}} [[Idaho's 1st congressional district|ID-01]] |''[[Russ Fulcher]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Idaho}} [[Idaho's 2nd congressional district|ID-02]] |''[[Mike Simpson]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Illinois}} [[Illinois's 12th congressional district|IL-12]] |''[[Mike Bost]]''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mike Bost launches re-election campaign with Trump's endorsement|url=https://newschannel20.com/news/local/mike-bost-launches-re-election-campaign-with-trumps-endorsement|date=May 9, 2025|access-date=September 15, 2025|publisher=[[WICS]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251002003115/https://newschannel20.com/news/local/mike-bost-launches-re-election-campaign-with-trumps-endorsement|archive-date=October 2, 2025}}</ref> |March 17, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Illinois}} [[Illinois's 15th congressional district|IL-15]] |[[Mary Miller (politician)|''Mary Miller'']]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump endorses Mary Miller for House of Representatives|url= https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/115057223325978530 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |via=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> |March 17, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Illinois}} [[Illinois's 16th congressional district|IL-16]] |''[[Darin LaHood]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |March 17, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[Indiana's 2nd congressional district|IN-02]] |''[[Rudy Yakym]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |May 5, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[Indiana's 3rd congressional district|IN-03]] |''[[Marlin Stutzman]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |May 5, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[Indiana's 4th congressional district|IN-04]] |''[[Jim Baird (politician)|Jim Baird]]''<ref name="Firesoff">{{cite web |last1=Murphy |first1=Ryan |title=Trump endorses Spartz, other Indiana members of Congress for re-election. Here's who else |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2026/01/23/trump-indiana-congress-representatives-for-re-election-truth-social-spartz-baird-houchins-shreve/88326534007/ |website=The Indianapolis Star |access-date=24 January 2026}}</ref> |May 5, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[Indiana's 5th congressional district|IN-05]] |''[[Victoria Spartz]]''<ref name="Firesoff"/> |May 5, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[Indiana's 6th congressional district|IN-06]] |''[[Jefferson Shreve]]''<ref name="Firesoff"/> |May 5, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[Indiana's 8th congressional district|IN-08]] |''[[Mark Messmer]]''<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Langhorne|first1=Thomas B.|title=Messmer makes it official: He will seek re-election to Congress|url=https://www.courierpress.com/story/news/politics/2025/08/05/messmer-makes-it-official-he-will-seek-re-election-to-congress/85528535007/?gnt-cfr=1&gca-cat=p&gca-uir=true&gca-epti=z115130p000550c000550e004000v115130b0051xxd005165&gca-ft=178&gca-ds=sophi&gnt-djm=1|date=August 5, 2025|access-date=September 15, 2025|publisher=[[KIFI-TV]]}}</ref> |May 5, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[Indiana's 9th congressional district|IN-09]] |''[[Erin Houchin]]''<ref name="Firesoff"/> |May 5, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Iowa}} [[Iowa's 1st congressional district|IA-01]] |''[[Mariannette Miller-Meeks]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Opsahl |first=Robin |date=2025-11-03 |title=President Donald Trump endorses U.S. Rep. Mariannette Miller-Meeks |url=https://iowacapitaldispatch.com/2025/11/03/president-donald-trump-endorses-u-s-rep-mariannette-miller-meeks/ |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=Iowa Capital Dispatch |language=en-US}}</ref> |June 2, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Iowa}} [[Iowa's 2nd congressional district|IA-02]] |[[Joe Mitchell (politician)|Joe Mitchell]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Trump endorsement reshapes Iowa's 2nd District race |url=https://www.thegazette.com/campaigns-elections/trump-speaker-mike-johnson-endorse-joe-mitchell-for-congress-as-iowa-gop-primary-field-narrows/ |website=The Gazette |access-date=28 January 2026}}</ref> |June 2, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Iowa}} [[Iowa's 3rd congressional district|IA-03]] |''[[Zach Nunn]]''<ref name="TrumpBooker">{{cite news |title=Trump backs Iowa Congressman in 2026, Sen. Cory Booker endorses Dem running in same race |url=https://cbs2iowa.com/news/local/trump-backs-nunn-booker-endorses-konfrst-as-iowas-3rd-congressional-race-heats-up-ach-nunn-republican-jennifer-sarah-trone-garriott-president-donald-booker-us-senator-reprehensive-washington-dc-vote-2026-election-truth-social-twitter-x-congress-democrats |access-date=September 16, 2025 |work=[[KGAN]] |date=May 9, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> |June 2, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Iowa}} [[Iowa's 4th congressional district|IA-04]] |Chris McGowan<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pfannenstiel |first1=Brianne |title=Donald Trump endorses Chris McGowan in Iowa's 4th District primary |url=https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/politics/elections/2026/02/05/donald-trump-endorses-chris-mcgowan-in-iowas-4th-district-primary/88519517007/ |access-date=February 5, 2026 |work=[[The Des Moines Register]] |date=February 5, 2026}}</ref> |June 2, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Kansas}} [[Kansas's 1st congressional district|KS-01]] |''[[Tracey Mann]]<ref name=":6" />'' |August 4, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Kansas}} [[Kansas's 2nd congressional district|KS-02]] |''[[Derek Schmidt]]<ref name=":6" />'' |August 4, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Kansas}} [[Kansas's 4th congressional district|KS-04]] |''[[Ron Estes]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump endorses Ron Estes for House |url= https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/115057228167480219 |access-date=September 20, 2025 |via=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> |August 4, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Kentucky}} [[Kentucky's 1st congressional district|KY-01]] |''[[James Comer]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Kentucky}} [[Kentucky's 2nd congressional district|KY-02]] |''[[Brett Guthrie]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Kentucky}} [[Kentucky's 4th congressional district|KY-04]] |[[Ed Gallrein]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kashinsky |first1=Lisa |last2=Hill |first2=Meredith Lee |title=Trump endorses Massie challenger not yet in the primary race |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/10/17/massie-kentucky-trump-endorsement-00614778 |website=[[Politico]] |date=October 17, 2025 |access-date=October 18, 2025}}</ref> |May 19, 2026 |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Kentucky}} [[Kentucky's 5th congressional district|KY-05]] |''[[Hal Rogers]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mueller |first1=Caroline |title=Congressman Hal Rogers announces re-election bid |url=https://www.wymt.com/2025/11/07/congressman-hal-rogers-announces-re-election-bid/ |publisher=[[WYMT-TV]] |date=November 7, 2025 |access-date=November 19, 2025}}</ref> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Kentucky}} [[Kentucky's 6th congressional district|KY-06]] |[[Ralph Alvarado]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Horsley |first=McKenna |title= Trump causes political earthquake in KY, backing Barr, Alvarado in U.S. Senate, House races |url= https://kentuckylantern.com/2026/05/01/trump-causes-political-earthquake-in-ky-backing-barr-alvarado-in-u-s-senate-house-races/ |website=Kentucky Lantern |access-date=May 2, 2026 |language=en |date=May 1, 2026}}</ref> |May 19, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Louisiana}} [[Louisiana's 1st congressional district|LA-01]] |''[[Steve Scalise]]''<ref name="Firesoff"/> |July 15, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Louisiana}} [[Louisiana's 3rd congressional district|LA-03]] |''[[Clay Higgins]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |July 15, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Louisiana}} [[Louisiana's 4th congressional district|LA-04]] |''[[Mike Johnson]]''<ref name="Firesoff"/> |July 15, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Louisiana}} [[Louisiana's 5th congressional district|LA-05]] |[[Blake Miguez]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hilburn |first1=Greg |title=Trump endorses Blake Miguez for Louisiana's 5th District, shaking up race |url=https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/2026/02/04/trump-endorses-blake-miguez-for-louisianas-5th-congressional-district/88518646007/ |website=The Times |access-date=5 February 2026}}</ref> |July 15, 2026 |Open Seat |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Maine}} [[Maine's 2nd congressional district|ME-02]] |[[Paul LePage]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-19 |title=Democratic candidate responds to Pres. Trump's endorsement of Paul LePage |url=https://wgme.com/news/local/democratic-candidate-responds-to-president-donald-trump-endorsement-of-paul-lepage-matt-dunlap-jared-golden-jordan-wood |access-date=2025-12-26 |publisher=WGME |language=en}}</ref> |June 9, 2026 |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Michigan}} [[Michigan's 1st congressional district|MI-01]] |''[[Jack Bergman]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sargent |first1=Bud |title=Bergman re-election endorsed by president |url=https://www.miningjournal.net/news/front-page-news/2025/11/bergman-re-election-endorsed-by-president/ |access-date=November 2, 2025 |work=[[The Mining Journal]] |date=November 1, 2025}}</ref> |August 4, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Michigan}} [[Michigan's 2nd congressional district|MI-02]] |''[[John Moolenaar]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |August 4, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Michigan}} [[Michigan's 4th congressional district|MI-04]] |''[[Bill Huizenga]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Solis |first=Ben |date=2025-07-25 |title=Trump endorses Michigan's Rogers in U.S. Senate race, gives nod to Huizenga for backing out |url=https://michiganadvance.com/briefs/trump-endorses-michigans-rogers-in-u-s-senate-race-gives-nod-to-huizenga-for-backing-out/ |access-date=2025-09-20 |website=Michigan Advance |language=en-US}}</ref> |August 4, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Michigan}} [[Michigan's 5th congressional district|MI-05]] |''[[Tim Walberg]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump endorses Tim Walberg for congress |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/114480047403137321 |access-date=September 22, 2025 |via=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> |August 4, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Michigan}} [[Michigan's 7th congressional district|MI-07]] |''[[Tom Barrett (Michigan politician)|Tom Barrett]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title= President Trump endorses Congressman Tom Barrett for re-election |url=https://www.nrcc.org/2025/05/09/president-trump-endorses-congressman-tom-barrett-for-re-election/ |access-date=September 22, 2025 |publisher=[[NRCC]] |date=9 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref> |August 4, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Michigan}} [[Michigan's 9th congressional district|MI-09]] |''[[Lisa McClain]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |August 4, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Minnesota}} [[Minnesota's 1st congressional district|MN-01]] |''[[Brad Finstad]]''<ref name="Minnesota">{{cite web |last1=Kramer |first1=Ethan |title=Trump endorses four Minnesota Republican House members for re-election in 2026 |url=https://www.valleynewslive.com/2025/11/04/trump-endorses-four-minnesota-republican-house-members-re-election-2026/ |website=Valley News |access-date=4 December 2025 |language=en |date=4 November 2025}}</ref> |August 11, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Minnesota}} [[Minnesota's 6th congressional district|MN-06]] |''[[Tom Emmer]]''<ref name="Minnesota"/> |August 11, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Minnesota}} [[Minnesota's 7th congressional district|MN-07]] |''[[Michelle Fischbach]]''<ref name="Minnesota"/> |August 11, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Minnesota}} [[Minnesota's 8th congressional district|MN-08]] |''[[Pete Stauber]]''<ref name="Minnesota"/> |August 11, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Mississippi}} [[Mississippi's 1st congressional district|MS-01]] |''[[Trent Kelly]]''<ref name="MS">{{Cite web |date=2025-11-03 |title= Trump endorses Congressman Kelly and Guest ahead of 2026 midterms|url= https://magnoliatribune.com/2025/11/03/trump-endorses-congressmen-kelly-and-guest-ahead-of-2026-midterms/|access-date=2026-02-22 |website=Magnolia Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> |March 10, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Mississippi}} [[Mississippi's 3rd congressional district|MS-03]] |''[[Michael Guest (politician)|Michael Guest]]''<ref name="MS"/> |March 10, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Mississippi}} [[Mississippi's 4th congressional district|MS-04]] |''[[Mike Ezell]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Corder |first1=Frank |title=Trump endorses Ezell's midterm re-election bid |url=https://magnoliatribune.com/2025/10/27/trump-endorses-ezells-midterm-re-election-bid/ |access-date=October 28, 2025 |work=Magnolia Tribune |date=October 27, 2025}}</ref> |March 10, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Missouri}} [[Missouri's 2nd congressional district|MO-02]] |''[[Ann Wagner]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=President Donald Trump Endorses Congresswoman Ann Wagner for Re-Election in Missouri's Second Congressional District: "She Will Not Let You Down" |url=https://themissouritimes.com/press-release-president-donald-trump-endorses-congresswoman-ann-wagner-for-re-election-in-missouris-second-congressional-district-she-will-not-let-you-down/ |access-date=September 29, 2025 |date=2025-07-22 |language=en}}</ref> |August 4, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Missouri}} [[Missouri's 3rd congressional district|MO-03]] |''[[Bob Onder]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |August 4, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Missouri}} [[Missouri's 4th congressional district|MO-04]] |''[[Mark Alford]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump endorses Mark Alford for Congress |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/114231344319625636 |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> |August 4, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Missouri}} [[Missouri's 7th congressional district|MO-07]] |''[[Eric Burlison]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |August 4, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Missouri}} [[Missouri's 8th congressional district|MO-08]] |''[[Jason Smith (American politician)|Jason Smith]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |August 4, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |rowspan=2|{{flagicon|Montana}} [[Montana's 1st congressional district|MT-01]] |''<s>[[Ryan Zinke]]</s>'' (declined to run)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Drew |first1=Micah |title=Trump endorses Reps. Zinke, Downing for re-election |url=https://missoulacurrent.com/trump-zinke-downing/ |access-date=November 7, 2025 |work=[[Daily Montanan]] |publisher=Missoula Current |date=November 6, 2025}}</ref> |rowspan=2|June 2, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Declined |- |Aaron Flint<ref name=Trump1>{{cite web |last1=Eavis |first1=Victoria |title=Trump endorses Aaron Flint in Montana's western congressional primary race |url=https://helenair.com/news/state-regional/government-politics/elections/article_badcdd88-1fef-45d5-bce7-be6b7abed695.html |website=The Independent Record |access-date=3 March 2026 |language=en |date=3 March 2026}}</ref> |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Montana}} [[Montana's 2nd congressional district|MT-02]] |''[[Troy Downing]]''<ref name="BBB">{{cite news |last=Nitzberg |first=Alex |title= Trump endorses House Republican who failed to vote on the One Big Beautiful Bill Act |url= https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-endorses-house-republican-who-failed-vote-one-big-beautiful-bill-act.amp |work=[[Fox News]] |access-date=29 September 2025 |date=May 26, 2025}}</ref> |June 2, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Nebraska}} [[Nebraska's 1st congressional district|NE-01]] |''[[Mike Flood (politician)|Mike Flood]]''<ref name="Nebraska">{{cite web |last1=Fischer |first1=Mark |title=President Donald Trump endorses two Nebraska congressmen for re-election |url=https://www.klkntv.com/president-donald-trump-endorses-two-nebraska-congressmen-for-re-election/ |access-date=November 6, 2025 |work=[[KLKN]] |date=November 3, 2025}}</ref> |May 12, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Nebraska}} [[Nebraska's 2nd congressional district|NE-02]] |Brinker Harding<ref name="ATEAPRIL">{{cite web |last1=Whedon |first1=Ben |title=Trump makes string of endorsements in key House races |url=https://justthenews.com/politics-policy/trump-makes-string-endorsements-key-house-races |website=Just The News |access-date=2026-04-14 |language=en |date=April 14, 2026}}</ref> |May 12, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Nebraska}} [[Nebraska's 3rd congressional district|NE-03]] |''[[Adrian Smith (politician)|Adrian Smith]]''<ref name="Nebraska"/> |May 12, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Nevada}} [[Nevada's 1st congressional district|NV-01]] |[[Carrie A. Buck|Carrie Buck]]<ref name ="Racker">{{cite web |last1=Racker |first1=Mini |title=Trump endorses GOP candidates in 2 swingy Nevada House seats |url=https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/trump-endorses-gop-candidates-in-2-swingy-nevada-house-seats |website=[[The Nevada Independent]] |date=April 14, 2026 |access-date=April 14, 2026}}</ref> |June 9, 2026 |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won primary |- |rowspan=2|{{flagicon|Nevada}} [[Nevada's 2nd congressional district|NV-02]] |''<s>[[Mark Amodei]]</s>'' (withdrew)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Torres-Cortez |first1=Ricardo |title=Trump endorses re-election bids from Lombardo, Amodei |url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/politics-and-government/nevada/trump-endorses-re-election-bids-from-lombardo-amodei-3533963/ |access-date=November 7, 2025 |work=[[Las Vegas Review-Journal]] |date=November 6, 2025}}</ref> |rowspan=2|June 9, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Withdrew |- |David Flippo<ref>{{cite web|last=Racker|first=Mini|date=May 29, 2026|title=President Trump endorses in Nevada's most competitive GOP primary race |url=https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/president-trump-endorses-in-nevadas-most-competitive-gop-primary-race|website=Nevada Independent|access-date=May 29, 2026}}</ref> |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won primary |- |{{flagicon|Nevada}} [[Nevada's 3rd congressional district|NV-03]] |[[Martin O'Donnell]]<ref name ="Racker"/> |June 9, 2026 |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won primary |- |{{flagicon|New Jersey}} [[New Jersey's 2nd congressional district|NJ-02]] |''[[Jeff Van Drew]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/campaigns/congressional/4460164/trump-endorsement-tracker-gop-2026-election-primaries/|title=Trump endorsement tracker: Here's who the president has picked in GOP midterm election primaries|last=Carter|first=Claire|date=February 17, 2026|access-date=March 31, 2026|website=[[Washington Examiner]]}}</ref> |June 2, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|New Jersey}} [[New Jersey's 4th congressional district|NJ-04]] |''[[Chris Smith (New Jersey politician)|Chris Smith]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fox |first1=Joey |title=Brick Republican will challenge Chris Smith in NJ-4 GOP primary |url=https://newjerseyglobe.com/congress/brick-republican-will-challenge-chris-smith-in-nj-4-gop-primary/ |website=New Jersey Globe |access-date=January 21, 2026 |date=January 20, 2026}}</ref> |June 2, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|New Jersey}} [[New Jersey's 7th congressional district|NJ-07]] |''[[Thomas Kean Jr.]]''<ref>{{cite news |last=Fox |first=Joey |title= In a first, Trump gives Tom Kean Jr. his 'complete and total endorsement' |url= https://newjerseyglobe.com/congress/in-a-first-trump-gives-tom-kean-jr-his-complete-and-total-endorsement/ |work=New Jersey Globe |access-date=29 September 2025 |date=May 8, 2025}}</ref> |June 2, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|New Mexico}} [[New Mexico's 2nd congressional district|NM-02]] |Greg Cunningham<ref>{{Cite web |title=President Trump Endorses Greg Cunningham for Congress |url=https://www.nrcc.org/2026/04/14/%F0%9F%9A%A8-president-trump-endorses-greg-cunningham-for-congress/ |access-date=April 14, 2026 |publisher=[[NRCC]] |date=14 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref> |June 2, 2026 |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[New York's 1st congressional district|NY-01]] |''[[Nick LaLota]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |June 23, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[New York's 2nd congressional district|NY-02]] |''[[Andrew Garbarino]]<ref name="BBB" />'' |June 23, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[New York's 3rd congressional district|NY-03]] |[[Mike LiPetri]]<ref name="the-downballot.com"/> |June 23, 2026 |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[New York's 17th congressional district|NY-17]] |''[[Mike Lawler]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=McKenna |first=Chris |title=Trump sends signal on NY governor race by backing Lawler for House re-election instead |url=https://www.lohud.com/story/news/politics/2025/05/07/ny-17-president-trump-backs-mike-lawler-for-house-reelection-not-for-ny-governor/83491582007/ |access-date=September 29, 2025 |website=The Journal News |language=en-US}}</ref> |June 23, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[New York's 19th congressional district|NY-19]] |[[Peter Oberacker]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Trump, Johnson Endorse Oberacker for Congress |url=https://www.allotsego.com/trump-johnson-endorse-oberacker-for-congress/ |website=All Otsego |access-date=5 February 2026 |language=en |date=5 February 2026}}</ref> |June 23, 2026 |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[New York's 21st congressional district|NY-21]] |Anthony Constantino<ref>{{cite news |last=Parsnow |first=Luke |title=Trump endorses Anthony Constantino in NY-21 race, bucking GOP party elders' choice |url=https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/central-ny/politics/2026/04/21/trump-backs-anthony-constantino-in-ny-21-race |access-date=April 21, 2026 |date=April 21, 2026}}</ref> |June 23, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[New York's 23rd congressional district|NY-23]] |''[[Nick Langworthy]]''<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news||last= Larson |first= Greg |date=October 25, 2025 |title= Langworthy Receives Trump's Endorsement for Re-Election in 2026 |url= https://www.chautauquatoday.com/news/details.cfm?id=365824 |access-date= January 24, 2026 |work=Chautauqua Today}}</ref> |June 23, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|New York}} [[New York's 24th congressional district|NY-24]] |''[[Claudia Tenney]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |June 23, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[North Carolina's 1st congressional district|NC-01]] |[[Laurie Buckhout]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=President Trump Endorses Laurie Buckhout for Congress |url=https://www.nrcc.org/2026/03/12/%F0%9F%9A%A8-president-trump-endorses-laurie-buckhout-for-congress/ |access-date=March 12, 2026 |publisher=[[NRCC]] |date=12 March 2026 |language=en}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[North Carolina's 3rd congressional district|NC-03]] |''[[Greg Murphy (politician)|Greg Murphy]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker">{{cite web|url=https://votehub.com/2026-endorsements|title=2026 Endorsement Tracker|access-date=January 27, 2026}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[North Carolina's 5th congressional district|NC-05]] |''[[Virginia Foxx]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Rebecca |title=Rep. Virginia Foxx announces run for reelection in 2026 in North Carolina's 5th Congressional District |url=https://www.wxii12.com/article/rep-virginia-foxx-announces-run-reelection-2026/64736881 |access-date=October 1, 2025 |website=The Journal News |date=11 May 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[North Carolina's 6th congressional district|NC-06]] |''[[Addison McDowell]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[North Carolina's 7th congressional district|NC-07]] |''[[David Rouzer]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[North Carolina's 8th congressional district|NC-08]] |''[[Mark Harris (North Carolina politician)|Mark Harris]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump's Endorsement of Mark Harris: Potential Boost for Energy Stocks |url=https://www.tipranks.com/news/catalyst/trumps-endorsement-of-mark-harris-potential-boost-for-energy-stocks |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=TipRanks |language=en-US}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[North Carolina's 9th congressional district|NC-09]] |''[[Richard Hudson (American politician)|Richard Hudson]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[North Carolina's 10th congressional district|NC-10]] |''[[Pat Harrigan]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title= Trump's Endorsement of Pat Harrigan: Potential Boost for Energy and Industrial Stocks |url=https://www.tipranks.com/news/catalyst/trumps-endorsement-of-pat-harrigan-potential-boost-for-energy-and-industrial-stocks#google_vignette |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=TipRanks |language=en-US}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[North Carolina's 11th congressional district|NC-11]] |''[[Chuck Edwards]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hensley |first1=Dean |title=Republican Congressman Chuck Edwards gets President Trump's endorsement on social media |url=https://wlos.com/news/local/republican-congressman-chuck-edwards-gets-trumps-endorsement-on-social-media-president-donald-j-truth-x-henderson-buncombe-polk-rutherford-county-democratic-opposition-twitter |access-date=November 30, 2025 |work=[[WLOS]] |date=October 27, 2025}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[North Carolina's 13th congressional district|NC-13]] |''[[Brad Knott]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[North Carolina's 14th congressional district|NC-14]] |''[[Tim Moore (North Carolina politician)|Tim Moore]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|North Dakota}} [[North Dakota's at-large congressional district|ND-AL]] |''[[Julie Fedorchak]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Port |first=Rob |date=2025-08-19 |title=Port: Trump drops early endorsement of Fedorchak's reelection |url=https://www.inforum.com/opinion/columns/port-trump-drops-early-endorsement-of-fedorchaks-reelection |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=InForum |language=en}}</ref> |June 9, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[Ohio's 1st congressional district|OH-01]] |Eric Conroy<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |May 5, 2026 |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[Ohio's 2nd congressional district|OH-02]] |''[[David Taylor (Ohio politician)|David Taylor]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump endorses David Taylor for House of Representatives|url= https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/115057224448370906 |access-date=October 5, 2025 |via=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> |May 5, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[Ohio's 4th congressional district|OH-04]] |''[[Jim Jordan]]''<ref name="JTN">{{cite web |last1=Whedon |first1=Ben |title=Trump endorses 27 Republicans for reelection 2026 |url=https://justthenews.com/politics-policy/trump-endorses-27-republicans-reelection-2026 |website=Just The News |date=November 3, 2025 |access-date=December 29, 2025}}</ref> |May 5, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[Ohio's 5th congressional district|OH-05]] |''[[Bob Latta]]''<ref name="JTN"/> |May 5, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[Ohio's 6th congressional district|OH-06]] |''[[Michael Rulli]]''<ref name="JTN"/> |May 5, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[Ohio's 7th congressional district|OH-07]] |''[[Max Miller (politician)|Max Miller]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump's Endorsement of Max Miller: Potential Boost for Energy and Defense Stocks |url=https://www.tipranks.com/news/catalyst/trumps-endorsement-of-max-miller-potential-boost-for-energy-and-defense-stocks |access-date=October 5, 2025 |website=TipRanks |language=en-US}}</ref> |May 5, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[Ohio's 8th congressional district|OH-08]] |''[[Warren Davidson]]''<ref name="JTN"/> |May 5, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[Ohio's 9th congressional district|OH-09]] |[[Derek Merrin]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jackson |first1=Tom |title=Trump endorses Merrin for Congress |url=https://sanduskyregister.com/news/996166/trump-endorses-merrin-for-congress/ |website=Sandusky Register |access-date=May 23, 2026 |language=en |date=May 22, 2026}}</ref> |May 5, 2026 |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[Ohio's 10th congressional district|OH-10]] |''[[Mike Turner]]''<ref name="JTN"/> |May 5, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[Ohio's 12th congressional district|OH-12]] |''[[Troy Balderson]]''<ref name="JTN"/> |May 5, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[Ohio's 14th congressional district|OH-14]] |''[[David Joyce (politician)|David Joyce]]''<ref name="JTN"/> |May 5, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Ohio}} [[Ohio's 15th congressional district|OH-15]] |''[[Mike Carey (politician)|Mike Carey]]''<ref name="JTN"/> |May 5, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |rowspan=3|{{flagicon|Oklahoma}} [[Oklahoma's 1st congressional district|OK-01]] |<s>''[[Kevin Hern]]''</s> (withdrew to run for the [[2026 United States Senate election in Oklahoma|senate]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump's Endorsement of Kevin Hern: Potential Impacts on Key U.S. Stocks and Sectors |url=https://www.tipranks.com/news/catalyst/trumps-endorsement-of-kevin-hern-potential-impacts-on-key-u-s-stocks-and-sectors |access-date=October 5, 2025 |website=TipRanks |language=en-US}}</ref> |rowspan=3|June 16, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Withdrew |- |<s>''Jackson Lahmeyer''</s> (endorsement rescinded)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/politics/elections/2026/05/07/oklahoma-elections-2026-trump-endorses-jackson-lahmeyer-ok-house-district-1/89983141007/|title=Donald Trump endorses Jackson Lahmeyer in key Oklahoma primary race|last=Gladden|first=Alex|date=May 7, 2026|access-date=May 7, 2026|website=[[The Oklahoman]]}}</ref> |Open Seat |{{Icon|no}} Withdrew before Runoff |- |Mark Tedford<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wagner |first1=Bayliss |title=Trump Rescinds Endorsement of Right-Wing Pastor After Texting Scandal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/17/us/politics/trump-lahmeyer-house-texting-scandal-tedford.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=June 19, 2026 |date=June 17, 2026}}</ref> |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Oklahoma}} [[Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district|OK-02]] |''[[Josh Brecheen]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |June 16, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Oklahoma}} [[Oklahoma's 3rd congressional district|OK-03]] |[[Frank Lucas (Oklahoma politician)|''Frank Lucas'']]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump endorses Frank Lucas for House of Representatives|url= https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/115057223325978530 |access-date=October 25, 2025 |via=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> |June 16, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Oklahoma}} [[Oklahoma's 4th congressional district|OK-04]] |''[[Tom Cole]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |June 16, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Oklahoma}} [[Oklahoma's 5th congressional district|OK-05]] |''[[Stephanie Bice]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump endorses Stephanie Bice for House of Representatives|url= https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/114876634662612316|access-date=October 25, 2025 |via=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> |June 16, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Oregon}} [[Oregon's 2nd congressional district|OR-02]] |''[[Cliff Bentz]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Thorson |first1=Berit |title=Oregon Rep. Bentz prepares for reelection campaign |url=https://eastoregonian.com/2025/11/25/oregon-rep-bentz-prepares-for-reelection-campaign/ |website=East Oregonian |access-date=26 November 2025 |language=en |date=26 November 2025}}</ref> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district|PA-07]] |''[[Ryan Mackenzie]]''<ref name="TrumpBresnahan"/> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district|PA-08]] |''[[Rob Bresnahan]]''<ref name="TrumpBresnahan">{{cite news |last1=Delfino |first1=Jessica |title=Bresnahan endorsed by Trump after Social Security 'concerns' letter |url=https://www.thetimes-tribune.com/2025/05/09/bresnahan-endorsed-by-trump-after-concerns-letter/ |access-date=November 2, 2025 |work=[[The Scranton Times-Tribune]] |date=May 9, 2025}}</ref> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district|PA-09]] |''[[Dan Meuser]]''<ref name="Pennsylvania">{{cite news |last1=Roth |first1=Fallon |title=A year ahead of 2026 midterms, Trump backs Scott Perry, Rob Bresnahan, and other Pennsylvania Republicans |url=https://www.inquirer.com/politics/pennsylvania/trump-pennsylvania-2026-midterm-endorsements-20251103.html |access-date=December 31, 2025 |work=The Philadelphia Inquirer |date=November 3, 2025}}</ref> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district|PA-10]] |''[[Scott Perry]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Walters |first1=Mark |title=Could we see Janelle Stelson take on Rep. Scott Perry again in 2026? |url=https://www.yorkdispatch.com/story/news/politics/elections/2025/03/28/could-we-see-janelle-stelson-take-on-rep-scott-perry-in-2026/82707531007/ |access-date=November 2, 2025 |work=[[The York Dispatch]] |date=March 28, 2025}}</ref> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district|PA-11]] |''[[Lloyd Smucker]]''<ref name="Pennsylvania"/> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district|PA-13]] |''[[John Joyce (American politician)|John Joyce]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joyce announces bid for re-election |url=https://www.lewistownsentinel.com/news/local-news/2025/09/joyce-announces-bid-for-re-election/ |access-date=2025-12-29 |website=lewistownsentinel.com |language=en-US}}</ref> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district|PA-14]] |''[[Guy Reschenthaler]]''<ref name="BBB" /> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district|PA-15]] |''[[Glenn Thompson (politician)|Glenn Thompson]]''<ref name="Pennsylvania"/> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Pennsylvania}} [[Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district|PA-16]] |''[[Mike Kelly (Pennsylvania politician)|Mike Kelly]]''<ref name="Pennsylvania"/> |May 19, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|South Carolina}} [[South Carolina's 2nd congressional district|SC-02]] |''[[Joe Wilson]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |June 9, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|South Carolina}} [[South Carolina's 3rd congressional district|SC-03]] |''[[Sheri Biggs]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump's Endorsement of Sheri Biggs: Potential Impacts on Key U.S. Stocks and Sectors |url= https://www.tipranks.com/news/catalyst/trumps-endorsement-of-sheri-biggs-potential-boost-for-energy-and-defense-stocks-2#google_vignette |access-date=December 29, 2025 |website=TipRanks |language=en-US}}</ref> |June 9, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|South Carolina}} [[South Carolina's 4th congressional district|SC-04]] |''[[William Timmons]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |June 9, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|South Carolina}} [[South Carolina's 7th congressional district|SC-07]] |''[[Russell Fry]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |June 9, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|South Dakota}} [[South Dakota's at-large congressional district|SD-AL]] |[[Marty Jackley]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dakota War College |date=March 12, 2026 |title=Trump endorses Marty Jackley for Congress |url=https://dakotawarcollege.com/trump-endorses-marty-jackley-for-congress/ |access-date=March 12, 2026 |website=Dakota War College}}</ref> |June 2, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Tennessee}} [[Tennessee's 1st congressional district|TN-01]] |''[[Diana Harshbarger]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Murry |title=Trump endorses Diana Harshbarger for re-election |url=https://www.wjhl.com/news/your-local-election-hq/trump-endorses-diana-harshbarger-for-re-election/ |access-date=December 18, 2025 |work=[[WJHL]] |date=November 4, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251219141517/https://www.wjhl.com/news/your-local-election-hq/trump-endorses-diana-harshbarger-for-re-election/ |archive-date=December 19, 2025}}</ref> |August 6, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Tennessee}} [[Tennessee's 2nd congressional district|TN-02]] |''[[Tim Burchett]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Craik |first1=David |title=Trump's Endorsement of Burchett: A Potential Boost for Energy Stocks and ETFs |url=https://www.tipranks.com/news/catalyst/trumps-endorsement-of-burchett-a-potential-boost-for-energy-stocks-and-etfs |website=TipRanks Premium |date=November 3, 2025 |access-date=November 3, 2025}}</ref> |August 6, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Tennessee}} [[Tennessee's 3rd congressional district|TN-03]] |''[[Chuck Fleischmann]]''<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news |last1=Gilliland |first1=Lew |title=Trump endorses Fleischmann for reelection in 2026 |url=https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2025/nov/03/trump-endorses-fleischmann-for-reelection-in-2026/ |access-date=November 7, 2025 |work=[[Chattanooga Times Free Press]] |date=November 3, 2025}}</ref> |August 6, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Tennessee}} [[Tennessee's 4th congressional district|TN-04]] |''[[Scott DesJarlais]]''<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |title=Trump's Endorsement of DesJarlais: Potential Boost for Industrial and Energy ETFs |url=https://www.tipranks.com/news/catalyst/trumps-endorsement-of-desjarlais-potential-boost-for-industrial-and-energy-etfs |website=TipRanks |date=November 3, 2025 |access-date=April 6, 2025}}</ref> |August 6, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Tennessee}} [[Tennessee's 5th congressional district|TN-05]] |''[[Andy Ogles]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rau |first1=Nate |title=President Trump endorses TN Rep. Andy Ogles |url=https://www.axios.com/local/nashville/2025/10/27/president-trump-endorses-rep-andy-ogles |website=Axios |access-date=6 January 2026 |language=en |date=27 October 2025}}</ref> |August 6, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Tennessee}} [[Tennessee's 7th congressional district|TN-07]] |''[[Matt Van Epps]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1= |first1=|title=Trump endorses Matt Van Epps for re-election |url=https://trumpstruth.org/statuses/34261 |access-date=December 18, 2025 |date=December 18, 2025}}</ref> |August 6, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Tennessee}} [[Tennessee's 8th congressional district|TN-08]] |''[[David Kustoff]]''<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=November 4, 2025|title=David Kustoff announces re-election campaign for U.S. Congress |url=https://www.actionnews5.com/2025/11/04/david-kustoff-announces-re-election-campaign-us-congress/# |location=[[Memphis, Tennessee]] |publisher=[[WMC-TV]] |access-date=April 6, 2026}}</ref> |August 6, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 1st congressional district|TX-01]] |''[[Nathaniel Moran]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Garcia |first1=Michael |title=Trump endorses East Texas Rep. Moran for reelection in 2026 |url=https://www.ketk.com/news/your-local-election-hq/trump-endorses-east-texas-rep-moran-for-reelection-in-2026/ |publisher=KETK |access-date=December 5, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251220012916/https://www.ketk.com/news/your-local-election-hq/trump-endorses-east-texas-rep-moran-for-reelection-in-2026/ |archive-date=December 20, 2025}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 3rd congressional district|TX-03]] |''[[Keith Self]]''<ref name="JTN"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 4th congressional district|TX-04]] |''[[Pat Fallon]]''<ref name="Holds Out">{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/campaigns/congressional/4364124/trump-holds-out-key-texas-senate-endorsement/|title=Trump holds out on giving Cornyn key Texas Senate endorsement|last=Green|first=Lauren|date=December 30, 2025|access-date=January 3, 2026|website=[[Washington Examiner]]}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 5th congressional district|TX-05]] |''[[Lance Gooden]]''<ref name="JTN"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 6th congressional district|TX-06]] |''[[Jake Ellzey]]''<ref name="JTN"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 8th congressional district|TX-08]] |Jessica Steinmann<ref name="2/17 Downballot">{{cite web|url=https://www.the-downballot.com/p/morning-digest-2-live-crews-luther|title=Morning Digest: 2 Live Crew's Luther Campbell challenges Democratic congresswoman in South Florida|last1=Singer|last2=Nir|first1=Jeff|first2=David|date=February 17, 2026|access-date=February 17, 2026}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 9th congressional district|TX-09]] |[[Alex Mealer]]<ref name="2/17 Downballot"/> |May 26, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 10th congressional district|TX-10]] |Chris Gober<ref>{{cite web |last1=McCaig |first1=Mark |title=Trump's Latest Endorsements Include Three Texas Candidates |url=https://www.thetexasvoice.com/trumps-latest-endorsements-include-three-texas-candidates/ |website=The Texas Voice |access-date=January 3, 2026 |date=December 19, 2025}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 11th congressional district|TX-11]] |''[[August Pfluger]]''<ref name="JTN"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 12th congressional district|TX-12]] |''[[Craig Goldman]]''<ref name="Holds Out"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 13th congressional district|TX-13]] |''[[Ronny Jackson]]''<ref name="JTN"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 14th congressional district|TX-14]] |''[[Randy Weber]]''<ref name="Holds Out"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 15th congressional district|TX-15]] |''[[Monica De La Cruz]]''<ref name="JTN"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 17th congressional district|TX-17]] |''[[Pete Sessions]]''<ref name="Holds Out"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 19th congressional district|TX-19]] |''<s>[[Jodey Arrington]]</s>'' (withdrew)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kinnard |first1=Meg |last2=Sweedler |first2=Maya |title=Tracking the retirement announcements of members of Congress |url=https://apnews.com/article/house-retirements-midterms-f638d386d4d1342e3a9671642dd883f6 |publisher=Associated Press |access-date=December 9, 2025 |language=en |date=December 8, 2025}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Withdrew |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 21st congressional district|TX-21]] |[[Mark Teixeira]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nj.com/yankees/2026/02/trump-hails-ex-yankees-slugger-as-total-winner-in-endoresment-for-the-house.html|title=Trump hails ex-Yankees slugger as 'TOTAL WINNER' in endoresment for the House|last=Gómez|first=Manny|date=February 5, 2026|access-date=February 5, 2026|website=[[NJ.com]]}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |rowspan=2|{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 22nd congressional district|TX-22]] |''<s>[[Troy Nehls]]</s>'' (declined to run)<ref name="JTN"/> |rowspan=2|March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Declined |- |Trever Nehls<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/5634396-nehls-retiring-twin-brother/|title=Trump endorses retiring Troy Nehls's identical twin for his House seat|last=Suter|first=Tara|date=December 4, 2025|access-date=December 4, 2025|website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref> |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |rowspan=2|{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 23rd congressional district|TX-23]] |<s>''[[Tony Gonzales]]''</s> (withdrew before Runoff, resigned)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Esquivel |first1=Erika |title=Trump endorses Congressman Tony Gonzales for re-election in Texas |url=https://kfoxtv.com/news/local/trump-endorses-congressman-tony-gonzales-for-re-election-in-texas |access-date=December 18, 2025 |work=[[KFOX-TV]] |date=December 18, 2025}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Resigned |- |[[Brandon Herrera]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Sarah |title=Trump backs Herrera for Texas House seat after Gonzales drops bid |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/5780189-trump-endorses-brandon-herrera/ |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=March 11, 2026}}</ref> |May 26, 2026 |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 24th congressional district|TX-24]] |''[[Beth Van Duyne]]''<ref name="Holds Out"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 25th congressional district|TX-25]] |''[[Roger Williams (Texas politician)|Roger Williams]]''<ref name="Holds Out"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 26th congressional district|TX-26]] |''[[Brandon Gill]]''<ref name="JTN"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 27th congressional district|TX-27]] |''[[Michael Cloud]]''<ref name="JTN"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 28th congressional district|TX-28]] |Tano Tijerina<ref>{{cite web |last1=Coronell Uribe |first1=Raquel |title= Trump endorses candidate running against a lawmaker he pardoned |url= https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2026-election/trump-endorses-tano-tijerina-running-against-democrat-henry-cuellar-rcna252686 |publisher=[[NBC News]] |access-date=January 6, 2026 |date=January 6, 2026}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 31st congressional district|TX-31]] |''[[John Carter (Texas politician)|John Carter]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bahr |first1=Joseph |title=John Carter gets President Trump's endorsement|url=https://kdhnews.com/centerforpolitics/john-carter-gets-president-trump-s-endorsement/article_58701a72-5905-42e4-8a0d-b6494ba3ac9a.html/ |access-date=December 5, 2025 |work= KHD New |date=December 5, 2025}}</ref> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 32nd congressional district|TX-32]] |Jace Yarbrough<ref name="the-downballot.com"/> |March 3, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 34th congressional district|TX-34]] |Eric Flores<ref name=":0" /> |March 3, 2026 |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 35th congressional district|TX-35]] |Carlos De La Cruz<ref name="2/17 Downballot"/> |May 26, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 36th congressional district|TX-36]] |''[[Brian Babin]]''<ref name="JTN"/> |March 3, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[Texas's 38th congressional district|TX-38]] |Jon Bonck<ref name="2/17 Downballot"/> |May 26, 2026 |Open Seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Utah}} [[Utah's 2nd congressional district|UT-02]] |''[[Blake Moore]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |June 23, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Utah}} [[Utah's 3rd congressional district|UT-03]] |''[[Celeste Maloy]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |June 23, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Utah}} [[Utah's 4th congressional district|UT-04]] |''[[Mike Kennedy]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |June 23, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Virginia}} [[Virginia's 1st congressional district|VA-01]] |''[[Rob Wittman]]''<ref name="Virginia2026">{{Cite web |last=Carter |first=Claire |title=Trump endorsement tracker: Here's who the president has picked in GOP midterm election primaries |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/campaigns/congressional/4460164/trump-endorsement-tracker-gop-2026-election-primaries/ |website=Washington Examiner |date=February 17, 2026 |access-date=February 20, 2026}}</ref> |June 16, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Virginia}} [[Virginia's 2nd congressional district|VA-02]] |''[[Jen Kiggans]]''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Delfino |first1=Jessica |title=Bresnahan endorsed by Trump after Social Security 'concerns' letter |url=https://www.thetimes-tribune.com/2025/05/09/bresnahan-endorsed-by-trump-after-concerns-letter/ |access-date=January 21, 2026 |work=[[The Scranton Times-Tribune]] |date=May 9, 2025}}</ref> |June 16, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Virginia}} [[Virginia's 5th congressional district|VA-05]] |''[[John McGuire (Virginia politician)|John McGuire]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump endorses John McGuire for House of Representatives|url= https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/114231401205332854 |access-date=January 22, 2025 |via=Truth Social |language=en}}</ref> |June 16, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Virginia}} [[Virginia's 6th congressional district|VA-06]] |''[[Ben Cline]]''<ref name="Virginia2026"/> |June 16, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Virginia}} [[Virginia's 9th congressional district|VA-09]] |''[[Morgan Griffith]]''<ref name="Virginia2026"/> |June 16, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Washington}} [[Washington's 3rd congressional district|WA-03]] |[[John Braun]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=President Trump Endorses John Braun for Congress |date=April 14, 2026 |url=https://www.nrcc.org/2026/04/14/%F0%9F%9A%A8-president-trump-endorses-john-braun-for-congress/ |work=[[NRCC]]}}</ref> |August 4, 2026 |Challenger |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Washington}} [[Washington's 4th congressional district|WA-04]] |Amanda McKinney<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nir |first=David |last2=Singer |first2=Jeff |title=Morning Digest: Here's how Republican Rep. Doug LaMalfa's seat will be filled |url=https://www.the-downballot.com/p/morning-digest-heres-how-republican |access-date=2026-01-07 |website=The Downballot |language=en}}</ref> |August 4, 2026 |Open Seat |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Washington}} [[Washington's 5th congressional district|WA-05]] |''[[Michael Baumgartner]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tipranks.com/news/catalyst/trumps-endorsement-of-baumgartner-potential-stock-market-impacts|title=Trump's Endorsement of Baumgartner: Potential Stock Market Impacts - TipRanks.com|website=TipRanks Financial}}</ref> |August 4, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|West Virginia}} [[West Virginia's 1st congressional district|WV-01]] |''[[Carol Miller (politician)|Carol Miller]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leith |first=Micah |date=2025-08-19 |title=Miller officially launches re-election campaign, touts Trump endorsement |url=https://woay.com/miller-officially-launches-re-election-campaign-touts-trump-endorsement/,%20https://woay.com/miller-officially-launches-re-election-campaign-touts-trump-endorsement/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> |May 12, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|West Virginia}} [[West Virginia's 2nd congressional district|WV-02]] |''[[Riley Moore]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congressman Riley Moore files for re-election in West Virginia |url=https://www.wtrf.com/top-stories/congressman-riley-moore-files-for-re-election-in-west-virginia/ |access-date=2026-01-22 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113114831/https://www.wtrf.com/top-stories/congressman-riley-moore-files-for-re-election-in-west-virginia/ |archive-date=2026-01-13}}</ref> |May 12, 2026 |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Wisconsin}} [[Wisconsin's 1st congressional district|WI-01]] |''[[Bryan Steil]]''<ref name="BBB" /> |August 11, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Wisconsin}} [[Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district|WI-03]] |''[[Derrick Van Orden]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Van Orden campaign: President Donald Trump endorses Congressman Van Orden for re-election |url=https://www.wispolitics.com/2025/van-orden-campaign-president-donald-trump-endorses-congressman-van-orden-for-re-election/ |website=WisPolitics |access-date=17 November 2025 |date=29 April 2025}}</ref> |August 11, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Wisconsin}} [[Wisconsin's 5th congressional district|WI-05]] |''[[Scott Fitzgerald (politician)|Scott Fitzgerald]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |August 11, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Wisconsin}} [[Wisconsin's 6th congressional district|WI-06]] |''[[Glenn Grothman]]''<ref name="Votehub Tracker"/> |August 11, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Wisconsin}} [[Wisconsin's 7th congressional district|WI-07]] |Michael Alfonso<ref>{{cite web |last1=Styf |first1=Jon |title=Trump endorses Tiffany for Wisconsin governor, Alfonso for Congress |url=https://www.thecentersquare.com/wisconsin/article_4f76c73f-aae1-4fd9-b595-21af41afd309.html |website=The Center Square |access-date=28 January 2026 |language=en |date=27 January 2026}}</ref> |August 11, 2026 |Open Seat |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Wisconsin}} [[Wisconsin's 8th congressional district|WI-08]] |''[[Tony Wied]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Wied campaign: President Donald J. Trump gives Congressman Tony Wied his "Complete and Total Endorsement” for re-election in 2026 |url=https://www.wispolitics.com/2025/wied-campaign-president-donald-j-trump-gives-congressman-tony-wied-his-complete-and-total-endorsement-for-re-election-in-2026/ |website=WisPolitics |access-date=17 November 2025 |date=3 November 2025}}</ref> |August 11, 2026 |Incumbent |TBA |} ==== 2026 state legislative special elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Primary date !Seat status !Result |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[2026 Florida House of Representatives election|FL HD-87]] |Jon Maples<ref>{{cite web |last=Washington |first=Wayne |url=https://www.palmbeachpost.com/story/news/politics/elections/2026/01/14/maples-gregory-emerge-from-primaries-to-square-off-district-87-race/88177845007/?gnt-cfr=1&gca-cat=p&gca-uir=false&gca-epti=z116438p117250c117250e009450v116438&gca-ft=242&gca-ds=sophi&gnt-djm=1 |title=Maples, Gregory win District 87 primaries, move to special election |date=January 14, 2026 |access-date=March 4, 2026 |website=[[The Palm Beach Post]]}}</ref> |January 14, 2026 |Open |{{Icon|no}} Lost general |} ==== 2026 state legislative elections ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !State !Candidate !Office !Seat status !Primary result |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[2026 Florida Senate election|Florida]] |[[Rick Roth]]<ref name="Virginia2026"/> |Florida State Senator |Open Seat |TBD |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[2026 Florida Senate election|Florida]] |''[[Ileana Garcia]]''<ref name="Virginia2026"/> |Florida State Senator |Incumbent |TBD |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[2026 Florida Senate election|Florida]] |''[[Ana Maria Rodriguez (politician)|Ana Maria Rodriguez]]''<ref name="Virginia2026"/> |Florida State Senator |Incumbent |TBD |- |{{flagicon|Florida}} [[2026 Florida House of Representatives election|Florida]] |''[[Meg Weinberger]]''<ref>{{cite web |last=Kopylov |first=Frank |title=Trump endorses 'MAGA Meg' Weinberger for reelection to Florida House |url=https://flvoicenews.com/trump-endorses-maga-meg-weinberger-for-reelection-to-florida-house/|work=Florida's Voice |date=May 6, 2026}}</ref> |Florida State Representative |Incumbent |TBD |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana Senate election|Indiana]] |Trevor De Vries<ref name=TrumpHill>{{cite web |last=Vakil|first=Caroline|title=Trump announces slate of Indiana endorsements ahead of May primary |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/5820541-trump-endorses-indiana-republicans/|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=April 7, 2026}}</ref> |Indiana State Senator |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana Senate election|Indiana]] |Brian Schmutzler<ref name ="TrumpHill"/> |Indiana State Senator |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana Senate election|Indiana]] |''[[Tyler Johnson (politician)|Tyler Johnson]]''<ref name=ISSE/> |Indiana State Senator |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana Senate election|Indiana]] |''[[Liz Brown (politician)|Liz Brown]]''<ref name=ISSE>{{cite web |last=Davis |first=Tom |title=Trump endorses Sen. Liz Brown, other Republicans who supported Indiana redistricting |url=https://indianacapitalchronicle.com/briefs/trump-endorses-sen-liz-brown-other-republicans-who-supported-indiana-redistricting/|work=[[States Newsroom|Indiana Capital Chronicle]] |date=March 24, 2026}}</ref> |Indiana State Senator |Incumbent |TBD |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana Senate election|Indiana]] |Blake Fiechter<ref>{{cite web |last=Rowley |first=Dick |title=President Trump endorses Bluffton councilman for Indiana State Senate race |url=https://www.wane.com/news/your-local-election-hq/president-trump-endorses-bluffton-councilman-for-indiana-state-senate-race/ |work=[[WANE-TV]] |date=January 22, 2026 |access-date=July 15, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260124080505/https://www.wane.com/news/your-local-election-hq/president-trump-endorses-bluffton-councilman-for-indiana-state-senate-race/ |archive-date=January 24, 2026}}</ref> |Indiana State Senator |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana Senate election|Indiana]] |Tracey Powell<ref>{{cite web |last=Knox|first=Brady|title=Trump backs challenger to Indiana state senator who voted against redistricting|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/campaigns/state/4434813/trump-endorsement-indiana-state-senator-redistricting/|work=[[Washington Examiner]] |date=January 26, 2026}}</ref> |Indiana State Senator |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana Senate election|Indiana]] |''[[Ron Alting]]''<ref name=ISSE/> |Indiana State Senator |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana Senate election|Indiana]] |Paula Copenhaver <ref name=ISS_Hill>{{cite web |last=Vakil |first=Caroline |title=Trump endorses challengers to Indiana Republicans who opposed redistricting|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/5710240-indiana-gop-senators-redistricting-trump/|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |date=January 28, 2026}}</ref> |Indiana State Senator |Challenger |TBD |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana Senate election|Indiana]] |''[[Mike Gaskill]]''<ref name=ISSE/> |Indiana State Senator |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana Senate election|Indiana]] |''[[Scott Alexander (Indiana politician)|Scott Alexander]]''<ref name=ISSE/> |Indiana State Senator |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana Senate election|Indiana]] |''[[Jeff Raatz]]''<ref name=ISSE/> |Indiana State Senator |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana Senate election|Indiana]] |Brenda Wilson<ref>{{cite web |last=Hanson |first=Austin |title=President Trump endorses candidate running against Indiana senator who voted no on redistricting |url=https://fox59.com/news/president-trump-endorses-candidate-running-against-indiana-senator-who-voted-no-on-redistricting/ |work=[[WXIN|Fox 59]] |date=January 27, 2026 |access-date=July 15, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260129051416/https://fox59.com/news/president-trump-endorses-candidate-running-against-indiana-senator-who-voted-no-on-redistricting/ |archive-date=January 29, 2026}}</ref> |Indiana State Senator |Challenger |{{Icon|no}} Lost primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana Senate election|Indiana]] |[[Jeff Ellington]]<ref name=ISS_Hill/> |Indiana State Senator |Open seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana Senate election|Indiana]] |[[Michelle Davis (politician)|Michelle Davis]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Davies |first=Tom |title=Trump posts endorsement of Republican challenger to Indiana redistricting foe |url=https://indianacapitalchronicle.com/briefs/trump-posts-endorsement-of-republican-challenger-to-indiana-redistricting-foe/|work=[[States Newsroom|Indiana Capital Chronicle]] |date=January 26, 2026}}</ref> |Indiana State Senator |Challenger |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana Senate election|Indiana]] |''[[Randy Maxwell]]''<ref name=ISSE/> |Indiana State Senator |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana Senate election|Indiana]] |''[[Chris Garten]]''<ref name=ISSE/> |Indiana State Senator |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana Senate election|Indiana]] |''[[Gary Byrne (politician)|Gary Byrne]]''<ref name=ISSE/> |Indiana State Senator |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana Senate election|Indiana]] |''[[Daryl Schmitt]]''<ref name=ISSE/> |Indiana State Senator |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana Senate election|Indiana]] |''[[Jim Tomes]]''<ref name=ISSE/> |Indiana State Senator |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana House of Representatives election|Indiana]] |''[[Jim Pressel]]''<ref name ="TrumpHill"/> |Indiana State Representative |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana House of Representatives election|Indiana]] |''[[Craig Snow]]''<ref name ="TrumpHill"/> |Indiana State Representative |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana House of Representatives election|Indiana]] |''[[Jeff Thompson (Indiana politician)|Jeff Thompson]]''<ref name ="TrumpHill"/> |Indiana State Representative |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana House of Representatives election|Indiana]] |''[[Heath VanNatter]]''<ref name ="TrumpHill"/> |Indiana State Representative |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana House of Representatives election|Indiana]] |''[[Beau Baird]]''<ref name ="TrumpHill"/> |Indiana State Representative |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana House of Representatives election|Indiana]] |''[[Bruce Borders]]''<ref name ="TrumpHill"/> |Indiana State Representative |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Lost primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana House of Representatives election|Indiana]] |''[[Bob Heaton]]''<ref name ="TrumpHill"/> |Indiana State Representative |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana House of Representatives election|Indiana]] |''[[Tony Isa]]''<ref name ="TrumpHill"/> |Indiana State Representative |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana House of Representatives election|Indiana]] |''[[Ben Smaltz]]''<ref name ="TrumpHill"/> |Indiana State Representative |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Indiana}} [[2026 Indiana House of Representatives election|Indiana]] |''[[Martin Carbaugh]]''<ref name ="TrumpHill"/> |Indiana State Representative |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|North Carolina}} [[2026 North Carolina Senate election|North Carolina]] |''[[Phil Berger (politician)|Phil Berger]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Battaglia |first=Danielle |date=December 15, 2025 |title=Trump makes endorsement in Berger-Page race. How much does it matter? |url=https://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/article313622632.html |access-date=December 16, 2025 |website=[[Raleigh News & Observer]]}}</ref> |North Carolina State Senator |Incumbent |{{Icon|no}} Lost primary |- |{{flagicon|Tennessee}} [[2026 Tennessee House of Representatives election|Tennessee]] |Kenny Cody<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wakerell-Cruz |first=Roberto |date=May 21, 2026 |title=BREAKING: President Trump endorses Human Events' Kenny Cody for Tennessee House — 'MAGA Warrior' |url=https://thepostmillennial.com/breaking-president-trump-endorses-human-events-kenny-cody-for-tennessee-house-maga-warrior |access-date=May 24, 2026 |website=[[The Post Millennial]]}}</ref> |Tennessee State Representative |Open Seat |TBA |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2026 Texas Senate election|Texas]] |''[[Kevin Sparks]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cuviello |first=Michael |title=Texas Senator Kevin Sparks launches reelection bid with Trump endorsement |url=https://www.amarillo.com/story/news/2025/08/21/sen-kevin-sparks-seeks-reelection-to-texas-senate-with-trump-backing/85745327007/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Amarillo Globe-News |language=en-US}}</ref> |Texas State Senator |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2026 Texas Senate election|Texas]] |[[David Cook (Texas politician)|David Cook]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Witherspoon |first=Tommy |date=2025-08-19 |title=Hewitt attorney Jon Ker drops out of state senate race after Trump endorses opponent |url=https://www.kwtx.com/2025/08/19/hewitt-attorney-jon-ker-drops-out-state-senate-race-after-trump-endorses-opponent/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |publisher=KWTX |language=en}}</ref> |Texas State Senator |Open seat |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2026 Texas House of Representatives election|Texas]] |''[[Brian Harrison (Texas politician)|Brian Harrison]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-09 |title=Harrison announces for reelection to Texas house with "complete and total endorsement" from President Trump |url=https://www.waxahachiesun.com/news/local/harrison-announces-for-reelection-to-texas-house-with-complete-and-total-endorsement-from-president-trump/article_0b82c501-61bd-4c79-b719-f895cc0c092c.html |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Waxahachie Sun |language=en}}</ref> |Texas State Representative |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2026 Texas House of Representatives election|Texas]] |''[[Angelia Orr]]''<ref name="Virginia2026"/> |Texas State Representative |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2026 Texas House of Representatives election|Texas]] |''[[Jeff Leach (politician)|Jeff Leach]]''<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 24, 2025 |title=Jeff Leach launches re-election campaign for Texas House seat|url= https://princetonherald.com/2025/07/24/jeff-leach-launches-re-election-campaign-for-texas-house-seat/ |access-date= 2026-02-12}}</ref> |Texas State Representative |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2026 Texas House of Representatives election|Texas]] |''[[Tom Craddick]]''<ref>{{cite web|last=Price|first=Tamlyn|url=https://www.firstalert7.com/2025/07/10/president-trump-endorses-state-rep-tom-craddick-re-election-texas-house/|title=President Trump endorses State Rep. Tom Craddick for re-election to Texas House|publisher=FirstAlert7 CBS|date=July 10, 2025|access-date=August 21, 2025}}</ref> |Texas State Representative |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2026 Texas House of Representatives election|Texas]] |''[[Dustin Burrows]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-10 |title=U.S. President Trump endorses Texas House Speaker Rep. Burrows of Lubbock for re-election |url=https://www.lubbockonline.com/story/news/politics/government/2025/07/10/u-s-president-donald-trump-backs-texas-house-speaker-rep-dustin-burrows-of-lubbock-for-re-election/84527740007/ |access-date=2025-11-22 |website=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |language=en}}</ref> |Texas State Representative |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |- |{{flagicon|Texas}} [[2026 Texas House of Representatives election|Texas]] |''[[Candy Noble]]''<ref name="Virginia2026"/> |Texas State Representative |Incumbent |{{Icon|aa}} Won Primary |} ==International== ===Argentina=== ==== 2027 ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Position !Candidate !Results |- |{{flagicon|Argentina}} [[President of Argentina]] |[[Javier Milei]]<BR>([[La Libertad Avanza]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/115254544745193117 |access-date=2025-09-23 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |[[2027 Argentine general election|TBA]] |} ===Armenia=== ==== 2026 ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Position !Candidate !Results |- |{{flagicon|Armenia}} [[Prime Minister of Armenia]] |[[Nikol Pashinyan]]<br>([[Civil Contract (Armenia)|Civil Contract]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/116648998520896910 |access-date=2026-05-28 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''[[2026 Armenian parliamentary election|Elected prime minister]]''' |} ===Brazil=== ==== 2022 ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Position !Candidate !Results |- |{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[President of Brazil]] |[[Jair Bolsonaro]]<br>([[Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)|Liberal Party]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-endorses-bolsonaro-brazilian-president-9-criminal-charges-recommended-2021-10|title=Trump lauds 'great friend' Jair Bolsonaro, as the Brazilian president has 9 criminal charges recommended against him|website=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| last1=Oshin | first1=Olafimihan |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/americas/578626-trump-issues-endorsement-for-bolsonaro/|title=Trump issues endorsement for Bolsonaro| work=The Hill |date=26 October 2021}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost [[2022 Brazilian general election|election]] |} === Colombia === ==== 2026 ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Position !Candidate !Results |- |{{flagicon|Colombia}} [[President of Colombia]] |[[Abelardo de la Espriella]]<br>([[Defenders of the Homeland (Colombia)|Defenders of the Homeland]])<ref>{{Cite news |last=Correal |first=Annie |date=2026-06-03 |title=Trump Endorses Abelardo De La Espriella, Right-Wing Presidential Candidate in Colombia |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/02/world/americas/trump-endorses-colombia-de-la-espriella.html |access-date=2026-06-03 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''[[2026 Colombian presidential election|Elected President]]''' |} === Honduras === ==== 2025 ==== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Position !Candidate !Results |- |{{Flag icon|Honduras}} [[President of Honduras]] |[[Nasry Asfura]]<br>([[National Party of Honduras|National Party]])<ref>{{Cite web |last=Andrada |first=Trisha Kae |date=2025-11-29 |title=Trump Says He Will Pardon Honduran Ex-President Juan Orlando Hernández and Backs Tito Asfura Ahead of Election |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/trump-says-he-will-pardon-honduran-ex-president-juan-orlando-hernandez-backs-tito-asfura-ahead-1758898 |access-date=2025-12-02 |website=International Business Times UK |language=en}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''[[2025 Honduran general election|Elected president]]''' |} ===Hungary=== ==== 2022 ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Position !Candidate !Results |- |{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Prime Minister of Hungary]] |[[Viktor Orbán]]<BR>([[Fidesz]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/01/03/trump-endorses-viktor-orban-hungary-526383|title=Trump endorses Hungary's Orbán for reelection|website=[[Politico]]| date=January 3, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/03/us/politics/trump-endorses-viktor-orban-hungary.html|title=Trump Endorses Viktor Orban, Hungary's Far-Right Prime Minister|newspaper=The New York Times|date=3 January 2022|last1=Goldmacher|first1=Shane}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' [[Fidesz]] won the [[2022 Hungarian general election|election]] with a [[supermajority]] of seats and '''Orbán remained Prime Minister''' |} ==== 2026 ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Position !Candidate !Results |- |{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Prime Minister of Hungary]] |[[Viktor Orbán]]<BR>([[Fidesz]]) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Europe's right-wing elite (and Netanyahu) endorse Orbán in Hungary election race|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/europe-right-wing-elite-netanyahu-endorse-orban-hungary-election/|website=Politico Europe |access-date=2026-01-23|language=en}}</ref> |{{Icon|no}} Lost [[2026 Hungarian parliamentary election|election]] |} ===Iraq=== ==== 2026 ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Position !Candidate !Results |- |{{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Prime Minister of Iraq]] |[[Ali al-Zaidi]]<br>([[Coordination Framework]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/the-u-s-tied-his-bank-to-iran-proxies-now-hes-trumps-choice-to-run-iraq-ea6117ae?eafs_enabled=false|title=The U.S. Tied His Bank to Iran Proxies. Now He’s Trump’s Choice to Run Iraq.|website=[[Wall Street Journal]]|date=May 10, 2026}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' The office is selected by Iraq's parliamentary process rather than by direct popular election following the aftermath of the [[2025 Iraqi parliamentary election]]. |} ===Israel=== ==== 2013 ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Position !Candidate !Results |- |{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Prime Minister of Israel]] |[[Benjamin Netanyahu]]<br>([[Likud Yisrael Beiteinu]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/donald-trump-endorses-netanyahu-for-pm/|title=Donald Trump endorses Netanyahu for PM|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=January 15, 2013 }}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' [[Likud Yisrael Beiteinu]] won a plurality of seats in the [[2013 Israeli legislative election|election]] and formed a [[coalition government]] alongside other parties, with '''Netanyahu chosen as Prime Minister''' |} ==== 2019 ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Position !Candidate !Results |- |{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Prime Minister of Israel]] |[[Benjamin Netanyahu]]<br>([[Likud]])<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/elections/trump-endorses-netanyahu-campaign-billboard-featuring-himself-1.6910695|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205154900/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/elections/trump-endorses-netanyahu-campaign-billboard-featuring-himself-1.6910695|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 5, 2019|title=Trump Takes to Instagram to Endorse Netanyahu Campaign Billboard – Featuring Himself|newspaper=Haaretz}}</ref> |{{Icon|aa}}/{{Icon|no}} [[Likud]] won a [[plurality (voting)|plurality]] of seats, but no party obtained an outright [[majority]], resulting in an [[hung Parliament]] and in the calling of a [[snap election]], which was held in [[September 2019 Israeli legislative election|September 2019]]; Netanyahu remained in office as [[caretaker government|caretaker]] Prime Minister |} === Italy === ==== 2022 ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Position !Candidate !Results |- |{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Prime Minister of Italy]] | [[Giuseppe Conte]]<br>([[Five Star Movement]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilmessaggero.it/politica/trump_conte_elezioni_endorsement_repubblicani_cinque_stelle-6911423.html|title=Donald Trump tifa per Conte: "Come sta andando il mio ragazzo Giuseppe". Ecco cosa c'è dietro l'endorsement|date=September 6, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2022/09/05/news/trump_conte_salvini_elezioni_italia-364337667/|title=A cena con Trump, che ignora Salvini e fa un endorsement per Conte: 'Come sta andando il mio Giuseppe?'|work=La Repubblica|language=it|date=5 September 2022|access-date=26 September 2022}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|no}}''' The Five Star Movement won a minority of seats in the [[2022 Italian general election|election]] and became part of the [[parliamentary opposition|opposition]] |} ===Japan=== ==== 2026 ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Position !Candidate !Results |- |{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Prime Minister of Japan]] |[[Sanae Takaichi]]<BR>([[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) |url=https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/116019257556623305 |access-date=2026-02-05 |via=Truth Social}}</ref> |'''{{icon|aa}} [[2026 Japanese general election|Elected]]''' |} ===Poland=== ====2025==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Position !Candidate !Results |- |{{flagicon|Poland}} [[President of Poland]] | [[Karol Nawrocki]]<br>([[Law and Justice]])<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/trump-meets-polish-nationalist-candidate-ahead-presidential-election-2025-05-02/|title= Trump meets Polish nationalist candidate ahead of presidential election |date=2025-05-02|access-date=2025-05-02|work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> | '''{{icon|aa}} [[2025 Polish presidential election|Elected]]''' |} ===UK=== ==== 2016 ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Referendum !Option !Results |- |{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum|United Kingdom European Union membership referendum]] |[[Brexit|"Leave the European Union"]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/may/05/donald-trump-brexit-uk-leaving-european-union|title=Donald Trump backs Brexit, saying UK would be 'better off' without EU|website=[[The Guardian]]|date=5 May 2016}}</ref> |'''{{Icon|aa}}''' '''Won''' |} ==== 2019 ==== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Election !Position !Candidate !Result |- |{{Flag icon|United Kingdom}} [[2019 Conservative Party leadership election]] |[[Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)|Leader of the Conservative Party]] |[[Boris Johnson]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rawlinson |first=Kevin |date=2019-07-19 |title=Donald Trump offers his backing to Boris Johnson to become PM |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jul/19/donald-trump-offers-his-backing-to-boris-johnson-to-become-pm |access-date=2025-12-02 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> |'''{{icon|aa}} [[2019 Conservative Party leadership election|Elected]]''' |- |{{Flag icon|United Kingdom}} [[2019 United Kingdom general election]] |[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] |Boris Johnson<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.the-independent.com/tv/news/trump-endorses-boris-election-politics-interference-b2635534.html |title=Donald Trump endorses Boris Johnson in 2019 general election, resurfaced clip shows |date=2024-10-25 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-02 |via=The Independent}}</ref> ([[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]) |'''{{icon|aa}} [[2019 United Kingdom general election|Elected]] with an outright majority''' |} ==Ukaboni== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Mazu ghakulongosora== {{Notelist}} ==Malo ghakuwalo== * {{Ballotpedia|Endorsements_by_Donald_Trump|Vyakukhozgera vya Donald Trump}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210621045706/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news Chigaŵa cha nkhani pa DonaldJTrump.com] {{Donald Trump}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vyakukhozgera vya Donald Trump}} [[Category:Uteŵeti wa ndyali wa Donald Trump]] [[Category:Vyakukhozgera vya ndyali|Trump, Donald]] [[Category:Maŵanaŵaniro gha ndyali gha ŵapurezidenti ŵa United States|Trump, Donald]] [[Category:Trumpism]] 75w067d31vbk035aakw514xgeq6xmyk 0 47939 123339 120057 2026-10-29T20:16:04Z InternetArchiveBot 6449 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 123339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish redirect|Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud|Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud (wakubabika mu 1977)}} {{Family name hatnote|lang=Arabic|[[Al Saud]]}} {{Short description|Mwenekazi wa ku Saudi Arabia ndipo wakale waku boma}} {{use dmy dates|date=February 2024}} {{Infobox royalty | image = File:Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud.jpg | caption = | spouse = | issue = | full_name = Khalid bin Bandar bin Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud | succession = [[Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah|Mulongozgi wa vya Upelelezi wa Boma]] | reign = 30 June 2014 – 29 January 2015 | reign_type = Mu udindo | reg_type = Themba | regent = {{ubl|[[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia|Themba Abdullah]]|[[Salman of Saudi Arabia|Themba Salman]]}} | predecessor = [[Youssef bin Ali Al Idrissi]] | successor = [[Khalid bin Ali Al Humaidan]] | succession1 = [[Ministry of Defense (Saudi Arabia)|Muthandizi wa Nduna ya vya Chitetezo]] | reign1 = 14 May 2014 – 28 June 2014 | reign_type1 = Mu udindo | reg_type1 = Themba | regent1 = [[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia|Themba Abdullah]] | predecessor1 = [[Salman bin Sultan]] | successor1 = [[Khalid bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]] | succession2 = Kazembe wa [[Riyadh Province]] | reign2 = 14 February 2013&nbsp;– 14 May 2014 | reign_type2 = Mu udindo | reg_type2 = Themba | regent2 = [[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia|Themba Abdullah]] | predecessor2 = [[Sattam bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Sattam bin Abdulaziz]] | successor2 = [[Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud]] | father = [[Bandar bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Bandar bin Abdulaziz]] | mother = Wasmya bint Mohmmed bin Moammer | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1951}} | birth_place = | house = [[House of Saud|Al Saud]] | module = {{Infobox person | child=yes | alma_mater = [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] }} }} '''Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud''' ({{langx|ar|خالد بن بندر بن عبد العزيز آل سعود}}; wakubabika mu 1951) ni msilikari wa [[Saudis|ku Saudi Arabia]] ndiposo membala wa [[House of Saud]], uyo wakateŵeterapo nga ni mulongozgi wa [[General Intelligence Presidency|Mulongozgi wa vya Upelelezi wa Boma]], muthandizi wa nduna ya vya chitetezo na kazembe wa [[Riyadh Province]].<ref name="saudigazette1">{{cite news|author=Saudi Gazette|newspaper=Saudi Gazette|date=15 February 2013|url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20130215153243|title=New Emir of Riyadh a decorated military officer|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055017/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20130215153243|access-date=15 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Riyadh Princes|access-date=15 February 2013|url=http://www.riyadh.gov.sa/en/Pages/Princes/Princes.aspx|work=Ministry of Interior}}</ref> Kalonga Khalid ni muzukuru wa waliyambiska Saudi Arabia [[King Abdulaziz|Ibn Saud]] ndipo wakaŵa muzukuru wake wakwamba kuteŵetera nga ni kazembe wa chigaŵa cha Riyadh. ==Umoyo wa pakwamba na masambiro== Kalonga Khalid wakababika mu 1951.<ref>{{cite web|title=Khalid Bandar Abdulaziz|work=Dhownet|url=https://dhow.com/biographies/258/khaled-bandar-abdulaziz-aal-saud/|access-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116111403/https://dhow.com/biographies/258/khaled-bandar-abdulaziz-aal-saud/|archive-date=16 November 2020}}</ref> Ni mwana wachitatu wa [[Bandar bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Kalonga Bandar]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Khaled appointed Riyadh governor, Turki his deputy|url=http://www.arabnews.com/khaled-appointed-riyadh-governor-turki-his-deputy|access-date=15 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215044414/http://arabnews.com/khaled-appointed-riyadh-governor-turki-his-deputy|archive-date=15 February 2013|newspaper=Arab News|date=15 February 2013|location=Jeddah|url-status=dead}}</ref> M'bali wake munyake ni [[Turki bin Bandar Al Saud|Kalonga Turki]].<ref>{{cite book|author=David Rundell|title=Vision or Mirage: Saudi Arabia at the Crossroads|year=2020 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-83860-595-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zpLyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA144|location=London|page=144}}</ref> Kalonga Khalid wakamalizga masambiro ku [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] mu 1973.<ref name=alarab142/><ref name=barden/> Wakapokaso digiriyi ya masambiro gha pachanya mu [[sayansi]] ya vya nkhondo.<ref name=ziabi>{{cite news|author=Fahd al Ziabi|title=New Riyadh Governor: Prince Khalid bin Bandar|url-status=dead |url=http://www.asharq-e.com/news.asp?section=3&id=32917|access-date=15 February 2013|newspaper=Asharq Alawsat|date=15 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130152901/http://www.asharq-e.com/news.asp?section=3|archive-date=30 January 2013}}</ref> Wakachitako masambiro gha pachanya gha ŵala ŵakugwiliska magalimoto ghankhondo mu [[Saudi Arabia]] na United States, ndiposo wakachitako vyakuchita vya nkhondo vyakupambanapambana.<ref name="جريدة الشرق الاوسط الدولية"/> ==Ntchito== Khalid bin Bandar ni mulongozgi wapachanya wa [[Saudi Arabian Army|Gulu la nkhondo la Saudi Arabia]]. Wakatandika uteŵeti wake wa nkhondo mu gulu lakwamba la brigade ya nambara zinayi ya magalimoto gha nkhondo.<ref name=ziabi/> Wakagwirangaso ntchito nga ni mulara wa vyakuchita mu likuru la magulu gha magalimoto gha nkhondo, ndipo pamanyuma wakakwezedwa kuŵa muthandizi wa mulongozgi.<ref name=ziabi/> Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1980 Khalid wakateŵetera mu gulu la G3 la magalimoto gha nkhondo mu [[Royal Saudi Land Forces|Gulu la Nkhondo la mu Malo la Boma la Saudi Arabia]] (SALF).<ref>{{cite web|title=The role of Saudi princes in uniform|url=http://cables.mrkva.eu/cable.php?id=64|work=Wikileaks|access-date=25 May 2012|date=27 May 1985|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026024815/http://cables.mrkva.eu/cable.php?id=64|archive-date=26 October 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wakakwezedwa kuŵa jenerali mulara mu 1997, ndipo wakasankhika kuŵa muthandizi wa mulongozgi wa SALF.<ref name=ziabi/> Mu Meyi 2011, Khalid wakakwezedwa ku udindo wa [[lieutenant general|jenerali wa mulingo wa lieutenant]], ndipo wakasankhika kuŵa mulongozgi wa SALF.<ref>{{cite news|title=Prince Khalid bin Bandar in Turkey|work=Saudi Press Agency|date=19 May 2012|url=http://www.spa.gov.sa/English/readsinglenews.php?id=1000061&content_id=&scroll=1|access-date=21 May 2012}}</ref><ref name=aalawsat11>{{cite news|title=Saudi King Abdullah issues new royal orders|url=http://www.asharq-e.com/news.asp?id=25258|access-date=14 February 2013|newspaper=Asharq Alawsat|date=21 May 2011|archive-date=7 April 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130407174414/http://www.asharq-e.com/news.asp?id=25258}}</ref> Wakateŵetera mu udindo uwu m'paka apo wakasankhikira kuŵa kazembe wa Riyadh, ndipo wakasinthika na Eid bin Awadh Al Shalawi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Saudi king names Prince Khalid bin Bandar as new Riyadh governor |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=56985|work=Middle East Online|access-date=14 February 2013}}</ref> Mu udindo wake nga ni mulongozgi wa SALF, wakachita maulendo ghanandi ku vyaru vya kuwaro. Wakachitako ntchito mu mabungwe gha chigwirano cha vyaru vya kuwaro pakati pa Saudi Arabia na vyaru vinyake, kusazgapo [[United States]] na [[Russia]].<ref name="جريدة الشرق الاوسط الدولية">{{cite news|author=جريدة الشرق الاوسط الدولية|url=http://www.aawsat.com/details.asp?section=4&article=717345&issueno=12498#.UR6IA6Ua49I|title=جريدة الشرق الاوسط : خالد بن بندر.. القائد العسكري يتولى إمارة الرياض|newspaper=Asharq Alawsat|date=15 February 2013|language=ar|access-date=16 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215230507/http://aawsat.com//details.asp?section=4&issueno=12498&article=717345#.UR6IA6Ua49I|archive-date=15 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu 1991, Khalid wakateŵetera mu SALF pa nyengo ya [[Liberation of Kuwait campaign|ntchito yakufwatura Kuwait]], ndipo mu 2009, Khalid wakapika mulimo wakuchitako [[Operation Scorched Earth#Saudi incursion|ntchito za South Shield]] zakulimbana na [[Houthis]].<ref name="جريدة الشرق الاوسط الدولية"/><ref>{{cite news|author=القوات المسلحة السعودية|language=ar|url=http://www.safr.gov.sa/sh_g0.aspx|title=القوات المسلحة السعودية : شهداء الواجب |newspaper=Asharq Alawsat|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130418003424/http://www.safr.gov.sa/sh_g0.aspx|archive-date=18 April 2013 |year=2009|access-date=16 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pa 14 February 2013, Kalonga Khalid wakasankhika kuŵa kazembe wa chigaŵa cha Riyadh, kusida [[Sattam bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Kalonga Sattam]].<ref name=alarab142>{{cite news|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2013/02/14/266266.html|title=Saudi king named Khalid bin Bandar a new governor of Riyadh|work=Al Arabiya|date=14 February 2013|access-date=14 February 2013}}</ref><ref name=barden>{{cite news|author=Andrew J. Barden|title=Saudi Minister Puts Young Royals in Succession Spotlight|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-02-14/saudi-minister-puts-young-royals-in-succession-spotlight|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222024835/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-02-14/saudi-minister-puts-young-royals-in-succession-spotlight|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 February 2013|access-date=14 February 2013|work=Bloomberg|date=14 February 2013}}</ref> Muthandizi wake wakaŵa [[Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud|Kalonga Turki bin Abdullah]], uyo wakasankhika pa zuŵa leneliro.<ref name=ussaudi>{{cite news|title=Prince Khalid bin Bandar Named Governor of Riyadh|url=http://www.us-sabc.org/custom/news/details.cfm?id=1405#.UR5ugaVSjm4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009015500/http://www.us-sabc.org/custom/news/details.cfm?id=1405#.UR5ugaVSjm4 |archive-date=9 October 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=15 February 2013|work=US-Saudi Arabian Business Council|date=14 February 2013}}</ref> Pa 14 May 2014, Kalonga Khalid wakasankhika kuŵa muthandizi wa nduna ya vya chitetezo m'malo mwa [[Salman bin Sultan]]<ref>{{cite web|date=14 May 2014 |title=Saudi deputy defence minister replaced|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/saudi-arabia/saudi-deputy-defence-minister-replaced-1.1332712|access-date=14 May 2014}}</ref> ndipo Turki bin Abdullah wakasankhika kuŵa kazembe wa Riyadh.<ref name=arabianbusiness.com>{{cite web|title=Saudi king appoints son as Riyadh Province governor|work=Arabian Business|url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/saudi-king-appoints-son-as-riyadh-province-governor-550279.html |access-date=14 May 2014}}</ref> Pa 30 June 2014, Kalonga Khalid wakasankhika kuŵa mulongozgi wa General Intelligence.<ref>{{cite news|title=Saudi Arabia's Prince Khalid bin Bandar named intel chief|url=http://dhow.com/2014/07/01/saudi-arabias-prince-khalid-bin-bandar-named-intel-chief/|access-date=1 February 2015 |work=Dhownet|date=1 July 2014}}</ref> Nyengo yake yikamara pa 29 January 2015 apo wakasinthika na Khalid bin Ali Al Humaidan mu udindo uwu.<ref>{{cite news|title=King Salman makes appointments|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news01291502.aspx|access-date=1 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202220126/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news01291502.aspx|archive-date=2 February 2015|work=Royal Embassy, Washington DC|date=29 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kalonga Khalid wakuteŵetera nga ni mulaŵiliri wa [[King Salman|Themba Salman]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Saudi Leaders Pledge Oath to New King|url=http://susris.com/2015/02/02/saudi-leaders-pledge-oath-to-new-king/|access-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401014134/http://susris.com/2015/02/02/saudi-leaders-pledge-oath-to-new-king/|archive-date=1 April 2015|url-status=usurped|date=2 February 2015|location=Riyadh|work=Susris}}</ref> ==Vyakukhozga na mphotho== Khalid wakapokera [[Order of Abdulaziz Al Saud|Nkhongono ya Abdulaziz Al Saud]] ya kalasi yapachanya, mu 2011.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Al Riyadh|date=12 December 2011 |url=http://www.alriyadh.com/2011/12/12/article690894.html|language=ar|title=جريدة الرياض : وزير الدفاع يقلد الفريق الوقداني والفريق خالد بن بندر وسام الملك عبدالعزيز|access-date=14 February 2013}}</ref> Wakapokeraso mphotho ya kuŵikika na President wa Pakistan [[Asif Zardari]] ya [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|medali ya mwezi wa nkhondo]], iyo ni medali iyo [[Pakistan]] yikupeleka ku ŵanthu ŵakuzirwa ŵa nkhondo ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake.<ref name="saudigazette1"/> Wapokeraso mamedali kufuma ku [[Kuwait]] na Malaŵi gha Saudi chifukwa cha kutora chigaŵa mu [[Gulf War|Nkhondo ya ku Gulf]].<ref name="جريدة الشرق الاوسط الدولية"/> ==Ukaboni== {{Reflist}} ==Pa intaneti== *{{Commons-inline}} {{Presidents of GIP |state=collapsed}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Saud, Khalid Bandar Abdulaziz}} [[Category:Ŵandale ŵa Saudi Arabia ŵa vyaka vya m'ma 21]] [[Category:Ŵakubabika mu 1951]] [[Category:Ŵalongozgi ŵa Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah]] [[Category:Ŵalongozgi ŵa chigaŵa cha Riyadh|Khalid Bandar]] [[Category:Ŵakusambira awo ŵakafumira ku Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]] [[Category:Ŵanthu ŵamoyo]] [[Category:Ŵasilikari ŵa Saudi Arabia]] [[Category:Ŵalongozgi ŵa ufumu wa Saudi Arabia|Khalid Bandar Abdulaziz]] of176bkprz9vywydtmgwze0kqysfl10