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Me din de Kwame Obiri, na me yɛ Ghana ni. Me wɔ ha sɛ mɛboa ama Twi Wikipedia akɔso.
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== Translation request ==
Can you please translate this?
: List of articles every Wikipedia should have
: Africa is the second largest continent in the world. It makes up about a fifth of the world's land.[3] It is surrounded by large areas of water. There are 54 fully recognised and independent countries in Africa, and 14.7% (1.216 billion) of the world's population lives there.[3] It is thought to be the continent where the first humans evolved.
--[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 14:17, 18 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:{{ping|Caro de Segeda}}. Okay I will translate it but please do not blank the discussion as it will serve as a reference in future. Thank you --- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 14:38, 18 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
Just a doubt: Is there any relation between Akan and Twi? --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 19:01, 18 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
They are the same. Akan is broad -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 19:41, 18 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
If they are the same, how come there are two different wikis? Do you speak both? --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 07:50, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:{{ping|Caro de Segeda}}, Kindly check the community portals,there is a discussion where we are trying to reach a consensus to merge both wikis --- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 09:51, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:{{ping|Robertjamal12}} I have written something [https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_Portal#Adeser%C9%9Bde%C9%9B%2FProposal here]. Basically, the ideeal would be to keep tha Akan Wikipedia and transfer the Twi articles there as Akan is the macrolanguage and Twi just a dialect. --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 09:54, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
::{{ping|Caro de Segeda}}
::* '''en''' List of articles every Wikipedia should have
::Africa is the second largest continent in the world. It makes up about a fifth of the world's land.[3] It is surrounded by large areas of water. There are 54 fully recognised and independent countries in Africa, and 14.7% (1.216 billion) of the world's population lives there.[3] It is thought to be the continent where the first humans evolved.
::*'''tw''' Atwerɛsɛm dodoɔ a ɛwɔ sɛ wikipedia ɛnya
::Wɔ wiase afanaa nyinaa Abibirem na ɛtɔ so mmienu a ɛso wɔ wiase. Ɛfa wiase no asaase bɛyɛ nnum. Ɛne nsuo akɛseɛ na atwa ahyia. Yɛwɔ amaman aduonum nan(54) a yɛagye wɔn atom ne wɔn a wɔnnan obiara wɔ abibirem, ɛna ɔhamu nkyekyɛmu du nan akyirepɔ nson(14.7)a ɛyɛ ( ɔpepepe baako, ahanu ne du nsia)(1.216) a nnipa dodoɔ a ɛwɔ wiase te hɔ. Ɛyɛ beaɛ a nnipa a ɛdikan baa wiase tenaeɛ. -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 10:01, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
I just found this article [[Abibiman]]. Apparently, it means Africa as well. Is it maybe another dialect? --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 10:08, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:{{ping|Caro de Segeda}}, They are literally the same -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 10:22, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
: I have redirected one to the other.
Also, could you please translate this:
* The National Development Planning Commission is a Ghanaian state agency committed to eradicating poverty and reducing inequalities in deprived areas and rural communities.
* History: The history of Africa begins with the first modern human beings and continues to its present difficult state as a politically developing continent.
Thanks --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 10:44, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
Does "Aburokyiri" mean "Europe"? --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 12:34, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:Yes -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 12:39, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
I believe [[Kratafa a ɛdi mu|this]] one should be deleted. --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 13:09, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:Definitely - [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 13:10, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
How do you say "Elections in Ghana"? --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 13:15, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:Ghana abatoɔ -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 13:22, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
* Subdivisions of Ghana
* Parliament of Ghana
* Politics of Ghana
* Elections in Africa
* Government of Ghana
* Ghanaian law
--[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 13:24, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:* Subdivisions of Ghana - I don't get the concept
:* Parliament in Ghana - Ghana mmrahyɛbadwam - [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 13:26, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:*:* Politics of Ghana - Ghana amanyɔsɛm
:*:* Elections in Africa - Abibrem abatoɔ -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 13:29, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:*:*:* Government of Ghana - Ghana aban
:*:*:* Ghanaian law - Ghana mmra - [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 13:33, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
== Translation requests ==
Could you please translate this?
* Folk festivals in Ghana
** Music festivals in Ghana
*** Festivals in Ghana
*** Ghanaian music
*** Entertainment events in Ghana
*** Arts festivals in Ghana
** Cultural festivals in Ghana
*** Festivals in Ghana
--[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 13:41, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:{{ping|Caro de Segeda}}
:Ghanaian music > Ghanafoɔ dwom
:Music festivals in Ghana > Ghana dwom afahyɛ ahodoɔ
:Entertainment events in Ghana > Ghana anigyie dwabɔ ahodoɔ
:Cultural festivals in Ghana > Ghana amammrɛ afahyɛ ahodoɔ
:Festivals in Ghana > Afahy3 ahodoɔ a ɛwɔ Ghana or Ghana afahyɛ ahodoɔ --- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 14:16, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
* Religious festivals in Ghana
* Entertainment in Ghana
* Tourist attractions in Ghana
* Events in Ghana
* District capitals in Ghana --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 14:35, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
Also, I don't understand this [[:Category:CS1 English-language sources (en)|category]]. Maybe it is better to delete it. --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 14:50, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:Alright, I will look into it -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 14:53, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
::{{ping|Caro de Segeda}} Please note that there is a [[tw:Category:Ghana Afahyɛ|category ]] which means Ghanaian Festival(s) -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 15:20, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
: Which one is better "Category:Ghana afahyɛ" or "Category:Ghana afahyɛ ahodoɔ"? --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 15:52, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
::{{ping|Caro de Segeda}} Category:Ghana afahyɛ ahodoɔ is better -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 15:53, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
::: Could you please delete [[:Category:Ghana Afahyɛ|this]]? --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 15:58, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
::::I think its best if redirected -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 16:02, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:::::Ok, perfect. [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 16:51, 19 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
== Translation requests ==
Could you please translate this?
: Africa's ancient historic period includes the rise of Egyptian civilization. It also includes the development of other societies outside the Nile River Valley, and the interaction between these societies and civilizations outside of Africa.
Thanks --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 07:34, 20 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
Also, could you please translate this.
: Morocco is a country in Africa. --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 13:22, 20 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:{{ping|Caro de Segeda}}. Morocco is a country in Africa - Morocco yɛ ɔman ɛwɔ Abibrem -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 13:45, 20 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:{{ping|Caro de Segeda}},we are yet to agree on a term in Twi for that.-- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 13:50, 20 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
Oh ok. No worries. Would it be possible for you to translate that fragment above about Africa, please? --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 13:52, 20 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:I'm still working on that, getting the direct translation is a bit difficult -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 13:53, 20 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:: Oh, ok, thanks. Also, there is a category named [[:Category:Itali|Itali]] but the article is [[Italy]]. Which one is the correct one? --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 14:01, 20 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:::They are both correct, Itali can be redirected to Italy -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 14:04, 20 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
I have found [[Itali|this article]]. I don't know what it says but if it is about Italy the information should be moved to Italy then. --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 14:07, 20 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:Yeah I agree, there are so many mistakes in that article, the special letters are completely wrong '''ɛ''' is '''3''' and '''ɔ''' is ''')'''. I will fix it later -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 14:11, 20 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
::The article is okay just the special letters -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 14:12, 20 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:::Could you please translate this?
:::This is a list of basic subjects for which Wikipedia should have a corresponding high-quality article, and ideally a featured article. It also serves as a centralized watchlist and tracks the status of some of Wikipedia's most essential articles.
:::Ideally this page should list approximately 1,000 of the most vital Wikipedia articles.
:::Thanks. [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 11:26, 21 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
::::Ok, This is a bit difficult but will consult a few language experts and get back -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 11:29, 21 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
Hello, how do you say "references" in Twi? --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 08:08, 22 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:We haven't agreed on a term to use yet. There is an upcoming event where we plan to agree on which term to use --- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 08:11, 22 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:. Oh, ok. Could you please translate this? Edgar Alexei Robert von Wahl or de Wahl (23 August 1867 – 9 March 1948) was a Baltic German teacher, mathematician and linguist. He is most famous for being the creator of Interlingue (known as Occidental throughout his life), a naturalistic constructed language based on the Indo-European languages, which was initially published in 1922.
Thanks. --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 08:37, 22 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
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== Translation request ==
How do you say?
* Constituencies of the Parliament of Ghana
* List of Ghana Parliament constituencies
* Parliament of Ghana
--[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 09:40, 22 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:Constituencies of the Parliament of Ghana - Ghana mmrahyɛbadwam mpɛsoa
:List of Ghana Parliament constituencies - Mpɛsoa dodoɔ a ɛwɔ Ghana mmrahyɛbadwam
:Parliament of Ghana - Ghana mmrahyɛbadwam
:-- {{ping|Caro de Segeda}} [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 09:46, 22 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
::Thank you so much for the help here. it's really helping -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 09:51, 22 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
I have changed [[Template:Ghanaian constituencies|this]] template. --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 09:50, 22 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:Thank you, I really appreciate that -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 09:52, 22 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
::{{ping|Caro de Segeda}}, Please could you make the V.T.E on the template horizontal. It's vervital and makes the box big even if its closed -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 09:57, 22 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:::I am sorry but my knowledge about template is not that advanced. [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 09:59, 22 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
::::Ok no worries, Thank you [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 10:02, 22 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:::::Could you please translate this? Cosmoglotta is the central journal of the Interlingue movement and the official journal of the Interlingue-Union. [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 10:16, 22 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
::::::I saw you created [[tw:Category:Mantamu a ɛwɔ Ghana|this]] category but another exist already [[tw:category:Mantam a ɛwɔ Ghana|here]] --{{ping| Caro de Segeda}} [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 10:19, 22 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
::::::sorry if I don't respond to your translations in time. Some of the words needs confirmation [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 10:31, 22 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
:::::::Oh, no worries. Thanks for letting me know. [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 10:47, 22 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
::::::::Could you please translate this? Edgar de Wahl (23 August 1867 – 9 March 1948) was a Baltic German teacher, mathematician and linguist. He is most famous for being the creator of Interlingue (known as Occidental throughout his life), a naturalistic constructed language based on the Indo-European languages, which was initially published in 1922.
::::::::Thanks [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|talk]]) 16:28, 23 Ɔpɛpɔn 2022 (UTC)
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== Article creations ==
Hello. It seems like some articles you created, such as [[Ama Pomaa Boateng]], were copied from akwiki ([[:ak:Ama Pomaa Boateng]]). Even if there are not changes needed to translate between the two languages, you do need to attribute the copied content as per [[:en:Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License|the license]]. This could just be a note in an edit summary of the source, a note on the article's talk page, or similar. Please let me know if you have any questions. Best regards, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|Nkitahode bea]]) 02:38, 2 Ɔbɛnem 2022 (UTC)
:Hello {{ping|Vermont}}, Thank you for the heads up. -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 06:52, 2 Ɔbɛnem 2022 (UTC)
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The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]].
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Regards,[[User:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Zuz (WMF)|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 11:18, 11 Ɔbɛnem 2022 (UTC)
== IP Block Exemption ==
Hi! {{ping|User:Robertjamal12}}
Please, can you add these usernames to IP block exemptions. We are working on a project and they have been blocked
Username: Naa Dromo Akai
Username: Zinatu J
Username: O.A.Janet
Username: W. Entsie
Username: Nyarko O.R
Username: Obengkofi
Username: Kebenyi
Regards, [[User:Jemima2019|Jemima2019]] ([[User talk:Jemima2019|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 17:25, 15 Ɔbɛnem 2022 (UTC)
:Ok sure -- [[User:Robertjamal12|<span style="font-family:EF Barbedor;color:#00F">''Robertjamal12''</span>]] [[User talk:Robertjamal12|<span style="color:#00F">~🔔</span>]] 18:18, 15 Ɔbɛnem 2022 (UTC)
== Account creation ==
Hi! {{ping|User:Robertjamal12}}
Please can you create an account for these people.
Username: Naa dromo
E-mail: dromonaakai@gmail.com
Username: O.A. Janet
E-mail: janetobeng64@gmail.com
Username: W. Entsie
E-mail: williamentsie641@gmail.com.
Username: Nyarko O.R
E-mail: rachelnyarko99@gmail.com
Username :Tutu
E-mail: stephenofosu82@gmail.com
Username: kebenyi
E-mail: benyikweku100@gmail.com
Username: kofiobeng
E-mail : asarek662@gmail.com
Regards, [[User:Jemima2019|Jemima2019]] ([[User talk:Jemima2019|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 12:46, 16 Ɔbɛnem 2022 (UTC)
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dtn3xpvqpg2hjhafafkqj17j0y58772
Northern People's Party
0
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2022-08-13T00:43:29Z
InternetArchiveBot
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{{Dialect|Akuapem}}
{{Infobox political party
|name = Northern People's Party
|logo =
|colorcode = <!-- HTML color code (e.g. red, #FF0000 or Party metadata color template) or transparent for no coloring -->
|leader = [[Simon Diedong Dombo]]
|president =
|chairman =
|general_secretary =
|first_secretary =
|secretary_general =
|presidium =
|secretary =
|spokesperson =
|foundation = 1954<!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
|ideology =
|headquarters =
|international =
|website =
|country = Ghana
|dissolution = 1957<!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
|merger =
|split =
|merged = [[United Party (Ghana)|United Party]]
|seats1_title = [[Gold Coast legislative election, 1956|1956 election]]
|seats1 =
|seats2_title =
|seats2 =
}}
'''Northern People's Party (N PP)''' yɛ kane amanyɔkuo a ɛwɔ Gold Coast a wɔn botae ne sɛ ɛbɛbɔ nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ Atifi Mantam no ho ban.
Na amanyokuo Northern Pwoolens Party no akandifo no ne Simon Diedong Dombo, Omanhne a ɔwɔ Duori a ɛwɔ [[Atifi Mantam (Ghana)|Atifi Mantam]] mu. Wɔhyehyɛɛ amanyɔkuo no wɔ afe 1954 mu na amanyɔkuo no kɔpree wɔ abtoɔ a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ afe 1954 ne 1956 [[abatoɔ]] a ɛkɔɔ so no mu. Wɔ [[Obubuo]] afe 1957 mu no, wɔne ne [[Amanyɔ kuo|amanyɔkuo]] afofofro a wonni aban mu kaa wɔn ho boomu hyehyɛɛ amanyɔkuo foforo a ɛde [[United Party]] de tiaa amanyɔkuo a ɛde [[Convention People's Party (CPP)|Conventions People’s Party]]<ref>Daniel Miles McFarland, ''Historical Dictionary of Ghana'', 1985, p. 132</ref>.
Wɔn a wɔhyehyɛɛ amanyɔkuo no din ne Mumuni Bawumia, J.A Briamah, Tolon Naa, Yaakubu Tali, Adam Amandi, Naa Abeifaa Karbo, Imoru Salifu ne C.K Tedam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://ghanaian-chronicle.com/bawumia-eulogizes-chief-s-d-dombo/ |access-date=2022-07-30 |archive-date=2013-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117070032/http://ghanaian-chronicle.com/bawumia-eulogizes-chief-s-d-dombo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Nkekaho ==
{{Reflist}}
akfom4pe5gac90ojgjiqgojp9sc26wi
Yaa Gyasi
0
11356
133371
95020
2022-08-13T00:54:10Z
InternetArchiveBot
10377
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{{Dialect|Asante}}
'''Yaa Gyasi'''(wɔwoo no wɔ afe apem ahankron ne aduowɔtwe nkron) yɛ [[Gaana|Ghana]]-[[Amerika|America]]<nowiki/>ni a ɔtwerɛ nnwoma. Ne nnwoma a ɔdikan twerɛɛ ne Homegoing a ɔdaa no adi maa amansan hunuuiɛ wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne du nsia mu, ɔdii mfeɛ aduonu nsia no ɔnyaa National Book Critics Circle John Leonard abasobɔdeɛ wɔ ne nnwoma a ɛdikan a ɔtwerɛɛ nom, PEN/Hemingway abasobɔdeɛ wɔ ne nnwoma a ɔtwerɛɛ a na ɛyɛ bɛserɛmka, National Book Foundation "5 under 35" animuonyamhyɛ wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne du nsia ne [[Amerika|America]] nnwoma abasobɔdeɛ. Wɔ n'abasobɔdeɛ mu no ɔnyaa Vilcek akyɛdeɛ ɛnam sɛdeɛ ɔsi bɔ ne tirim yɛ nnoɔma wɔ kasadwini wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne aduonu mu.<ref name=":2">https://vilcek.org/prizes/prize-recipients/yaa-gyasi/</ref>
== Abrabɔ ahyɛaseɛ ne nnwomasua ==
Wɔwoo no wɔ [[Mampong(Ghana mmarahyɛbedwam mpɛsoa)|Mampong]] a ɛwɔ [[Gaana|Ghana]],<ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/homegoing-by-yaa-gyasi-born-in-ghana-and-raised-in-the-u-s-1464273302</ref> ne papa ne Kwaku Gyasi, French kunini wɔ University of Alabama a ɛwɔ Huntsville ne Sophia a ɔyɛ nɛɛse. <ref>http://www.al.com/opinion/index.ssf/2016/08/how_an_alabama_womans_debut_no.html</ref>N'abusua no kɔɔ [[Amerika|United States]] wɔ afe apem ahankron ne aduokron baako berɛ a ne papa rebɛwie ne Ph.D wɔ Ohio State University. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.nationalbook.org/5under35_2016_yaa-gyasi.html |access-date=2022-03-18 |archive-date=2016-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203131115/http://www.nationalbook.org/5under35_2016_yaa-gyasi.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>N'abusua no sane tenaa IIinois ne Tennessee ɛna ɔdii mfeɛ du no, wɔtetee Gyasi wɔ Huntsville, Alabama.<ref name=":0" />
Gyasi kae sɛ berɛ a na ɔsua no na ɔfɛre adeɛ,ɔbɛn ne nua mmarima ma wɔne no kyɛ adesuadeɛ a woanya wɔ berɛ a wɔnnyini wɔ asraadɔmkuo nom wɔ Alabama, ɛna na ɔtwe bɛn nnwoma sɛ ne nnamfofoɔ.<ref name=":1">http://time.com/4357214/homegoing-yaa-gyasi-profile/</ref> Wɔmaa ne adesua nkrataa a LeVar Burton atintim so de hyɛɛ no nkuran wɔ nnwoma a ɔdiikan twerɛɛ, a ɔdekɔɔ Readin Rainbow Young Writers ne Illustrators Contest. Ɔdii mfeɛ du nson wɔ berɛ a ɔkɔ Grisson ntoasoɔ sukuu no, aberɛ Gyasi kann Toni Morrison Solomon nnwom ɛkenyaa no sɛ ɔde atwerɛ bɛyɛ n'adwuma.<ref name=":1" />
Ɔnyaa ne Bachelor of Arts wɔ English mu wɔ Stanford University, ne Masters of Fine Arts firii Lowa Writers Workshop, adesuadeɛ a wɔbɔ wɔn tirim twerɛ adeɛ wɔ University of Lowa.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/books/article/How-Yaa-Gyasi-found-her-story-in-slavers-8329849.php</ref>
== Nnwuma ==
Ankyɛ aberɛ a ɔwie Stanford no, ɔhyɛɛ ne nnwoma atwerɛɛ ase na ɔyɛɛ adwuma wɔ dwumakuo bi a ɛwɔ [[San Francisco]], nanso n'ani annye wɔ adwuma nom ɛna ɔgyae berɛ a Lowa gyee no wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne du mmienu mu.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/books/article/How-Yaa-Gyasi-found-her-story-in-slavers-8329849.php</ref>
Ne nnwoma a ɛdikan a ɔtwerɛɛ a ɛyɛ Homegoing ne kenyaa no berɛ a na ɔyɛ abɔfra a na wɔrekɔ nsrahwɛ wɔ [[Gaana|Ghana]] nea ɛdikan wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne nkron. Wɔwiee nwoma no mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne du num berɛ wɔn a wɔde nnwoma no to dwa kann wieeɛ no, a nnipa pii pɛɛ sɛ ɔbɛboa no ansana ɔregye nnoɔma nson bi ato hɔ ansa afiri Knopf hɔ.<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/books/article/How-Yaa-Gyasi-found-her-story-in-slavers-8329849.php</ref> Ta-Neshisi coates yii Homegoing maa National Book Foundation, The PEN/Hemingway abasobɔdeɛ wɔ nnwoma a ɛdikan a ɛdimu, ne [[Amerika|America]] nnwoma abasobɔdeɛ wɔ ɔkwan ahodoɔ a ɔfaa so boaa [[Amerika|America]] kasadwini mu.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/23/books/review/100-notable-books-of-2016.html</ref>
Ne ntwereɛ nso apii wɔ saa beaɛ ɔdaa no adi no sɛ [[Abibrem|Africa]]<nowiki/>n [[Amerika|America]]<nowiki/>n Review, <ref>https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/26054</ref>Callaloo, Guenica <ref>https://www.guernicamag.com/inscape/</ref>The Guardian,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/oct/28/yaa-gyasi-my-writing-day</ref> ne Granta.<ref>https://granta.com/leaving-gotham-city/</ref>
Gyasi hwɛɛ Toni Morrison (Song of Solomon), Gabriel Garcia Márquez(one thousand years of Solitude), James Baldwin(Go Tell It on the Mountain),Edward P. Jones(Lost in the city) ne Jhumpa Lahiri(Unaccustomef Earth) sɛ nkuranhyɛsɛm.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.penguin.co.uk/articles/find-your-next-read/five-books/2017/jan/books-that-influenced-yaa-gyasi/ |access-date=2022-03-18 |archive-date=2018-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130150044/https://www.penguin.co.uk/articles/find-your-next-read/five-books/2017/jan/books-that-influenced-yaa-gyasi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Bɛyɛ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne du nsia mu no, [[Gaana|Ghana]] tenaa wɔ Berkeley, California.
Wɔ [[ɔbɛnem]] bosome wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne aduonu baako mu no, ɔtwerɛɛ krataa wɔ "this question of 'the Business of reading', wɔ sɛdeɛ yɛsi kan,nea ntira a yɛkan ne sɛdeɛ akenkan si kɔ no anaa sɛ yɛ ma yɛn" Ɔtwerɛɛ, "Berɛ a meretu me ho adi hɔ agye tumi a ɛwɔ kasadwini adi sɛ mɛgye ho akyinnyeɛ, ama emu adɔ, mɛsesa, mesane nim sɛ woretɔn nnwoma afiri abibifoɔ atwerɛfoɔ hɔ no nni nyinasoɔ biara, a ɛde nsunsuansoɔ bɔne ba akyire wɔ nnoɔma a yɛhu ne nea yɛnhunu a ɛha tete no"<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/mar/20/white-people-black-authors-are-not-your-medicine</ref>

== Nnwuma ==
* ''Homegoing'' (mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne du nsia(2016)
* ''Transcendent Kingdom'' (mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne aduonu (2020)
== Abasobɔdeɛ ==
* National Book Critics Circle's John Leonard abasobɔdeɛ ma nnwoma a ɛdikan a ɛdi mu.<ref>http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/national-book-critics-circle-announces-winners-for-2016-awards</ref>
* PEN/Hemingway abasobɔdeɛ ma nnwoma a ɛdikan a ɛyɛ bɛserɛmka.<ref>https://www.hemingwaysociety.org/interview-yaa-gyasi-2017-penhemingway-award-winner</ref>
* 2016: National Book Foundation's "5 under 35
* America nnwoma abasobɔdeɛ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.beforecolumbusfoundation.com/foundation-news/466/ |access-date=2022-03-18 |archive-date=2019-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180233/https://www.beforecolumbusfoundation.com/foundation-news/466/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* 2017: ''Granta'' Best of Young American Novelists.<ref>https://www.thebookseller.com/news/granta-best-542896</ref>
* 2020: Vilcek Prize for Creative Promise in Literature, Vilcek Foundation.<ref name=":2" />
* 2021: Women's Prize for Fiction, shortlisted for ''Transcendent Kingdom.''<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/apr/28/womens-prize-for-fiction-shortlist-susanna-clarke-yaa-gyasi-patricia-lockwood</ref>
== Beaɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ. ==
<references responsive="" />
[[Category:Ganafoɔ]]
[[Category:Ateasefoɔ]]
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'''Apour afahyɛ''' yɛ afehyia afahyɛ bia ahemfo ne nnipa a ɛwɔ Nwoase ne [[Wenchi (Ghana mmrahyɛbadwam mpɛsoa)|Wenchi]] mpɔtam a ɛwɔ Nwoase ne Nsawkaw a ɛwɔ Bono mantam, ɛnkane Bono Ahafo mantam a ɛwɔ [[Gaana|Ghana]] die. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.nhoc.gov.gh/festivals |access-date=2022-06-01 |archive-date=2021-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811153900/https://www.nhoc.gov.gh/festivals |url-status=dead }}</ref>Wɔdi saa afahyɛ no [[Kɔtɔnimaa|Kɔtonimaa]] bosome anaa sɛ [[Ayɛwohummumɔ|Ayɛwohomummɔ]] bosome wɔ Nsawkaw, anaa [[obubuo]] anaa [[ɔpɛnimaa]] bosome wɔ nkuro a ɛwɔ Nwoase ɛna [[Kɔtɔnimaa|Kotonimaa]] anaa [[Ayɛwohummumɔ|Ayɛwohomummɔ]] bosome wɔ [[Wenchi (Ghana mmrahyɛbadwam mpɛsoa)|Wenchi.]]<ref>https://blastoursghana.com/ghana-festivals/</ref>
== Sɛdeɛ wɔdi afahyɛ no ==
Sɛ wɔredi afahyɛ no a, wɔgye ahɔhoɔ ma wɔn nnuane ne anononeɛ.Manfoɔ bo hyɛ ntadeɛ wɔ amammerɛ kwan ɛna ahemfo pii nso bɛtwa hɔ kyia. Wɔsa sane bɔ twene wɔ afahyɛ no ase.<ref>http://www.ghanaembassyiran.com/en/page/majorfestivals</ref>
== Ɛso mfasoɔ ==
Wɔdi saa afahyɛ yi de kae adeɛ bi a ɛsii wɔ hɔ mfeɛ bi a atwam. <ref>https://www.ghanaconsulatedubai.com/tourism.html</ref>Wɔdi afahyɛ no de kae po a wɔpoo nnoɔma bɔne a ɛnkane nnipa a ɛwɔ hɔ no dieɛ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.blastours.com/west-africa-travel-destinations/regions-of-ghana/ghana-festivals/63-apour-festival |access-date=2022-06-01 |archive-date=2018-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520124122/http://www.blastours.com/west-africa-travel-destinations/regions-of-ghana/ghana-festivals/63-apour-festival |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Beaɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ ==
<references />
[[Nkyekyεmu:Ghana amammrɛ afahyɛ ahodoɔ]]
[[Nkyekyεmu:Ghana afahyɛ ahodoɔ]]
[[Nkyekyεmu:Afahyɛ]]
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# [[:en:Elections]] - [[Abatoɔ]]
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# [[:en:Member of Parliament]] - [[Mmarahyɛbadwani]][[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Nana Sintim|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 12:59, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] gets '''3.6marks''' {{done}}
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# [[:en:Speaker of Parliament]] - [[Mmarahyɛbadwafie Kasamafoɔ]][[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Nana Sintim|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 06:29, 5 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
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# [[:en:Corruption]] - [[Porɔɛe]][[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afia360|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:49, 29 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] gets '''1mark'''{{done}}
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# [[:en: Constituency]] - [[Mpasua]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:40, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC) [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''2.4marks''' {{not done}}
# [[:en: Amendment]] - [[Nsakraeɛ]][[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afia360|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 06:58, 8 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC) [[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] gets '''3.6marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en: President]] - [[Ɔmanpanin]]
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# [[:en: Minister]] - [[Mansoafoɔ]][[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afia360|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 08:49, 30 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Minority]] - [[Ɛdɔm kumaa]][[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afia360|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 07:19, 5 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]]'''3.5marks''' {{done}}
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# [[:en:Minority Leader]] - [[Ɛdɔm Kumaa Panin]][[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afia360|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 07:19, 5 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] gets '''2.8marks''' [[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] gets '''0.6marks'''{{not done}}
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# [[:en:Prime Minister]] - [[Man soafo panyin]]
# [[:en:Municipality ]] - [[Munisipal]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 17:01, 9 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
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# [[:en:People's National Convention]] - [[People's National Convention (PNC)]][[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afia360|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 22:47, 3 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] gets '''2marks''' {{not done}}
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# [[:en:Democratic Freedom Party]] - [[Democratic Freedom Party (DFP)]][[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afia360|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:39, 3 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
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# [[:en:Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere Party]] - [[Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere Party(EGLEP)]]
# [[:en:Great Consolidated Popular Party]] - [[Great Consolidated Popular Party]][[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:50, 3 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''3marks''' [[Dwumadini:Opoku Akaadom Sympathy|Opoku Akaadom Sympathy]] gets '''0.6marks''' {{done}}
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# [[:en:Ghana National Party]] - [[Ghana National Party]][[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:29, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''3marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Ghana Union Movement]] - [[Ghana Union Movement]][[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:57, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''3.8marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Liberal Party of Ghana]] - [[Liberal Party of Ghana]][[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 01:52, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''3.2marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:National Democratic Party ]] - [[National Democratic Party ]][[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 03:42, 6 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''3.8marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:National Reform Party]] - [[National Reform Party]][[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 02:23, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''3.2marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:New Vision Party ]] - [[New Vision Party ]][[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 02:52, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''2.2marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:People's Action Party ]] - [[People's Action Party ]][[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afia360|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 10:36, 30 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:People's Destiny Party]] - [[People's Destiny Party]][[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 01:33, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''2marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Power Unity Party]] - [[Power Unity Party]][[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 20:06, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''2.2marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Progressive People's Party]] - [[Progressive People's Party]][[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afia360|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 18:35, 27 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Reformed Patriotic Democrats]] - [[Reformed Patriotic Democrats]][[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 04:02, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''2.4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:United Democratic Party]] - [[United Democratic Party]]
# [[:en:United Development System Party]] - [[United Development System Party]] [[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 22:50, 3 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''2marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:United Front Party]] - [[United Front Party]][[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afia360|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 14:55, 30 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:United Ghana Movement]] - [[United Ghana Movement]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:23, 7 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''3.2marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:United Progressive Party]] - [[United Progressive Party]][[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 08:02, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''3.4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:United Renaissance Party]] - [[United Renaissance Party]][[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 03:17, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''2marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Yes People's Party]] - [[Yes People's Party]][[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 19:57, 3 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''2marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Ghana Redevelopment Party]] - [[Ghana Redevelopment Party]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:40, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''2marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Independent People's Party]] - [[Independent People's Party]][[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:37, 3 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''2.6marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:National Convention Party]] - [[National Convention Party]][[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Nana Sintim|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 06:31, 5 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:National Independence Party ]] - [[National Independence Party ]][[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:59, 9 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:People's Convention Party ]] - [[People's Convention Party ]][[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Nana Sintim|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 06:35, 5 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] gets '''1.4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:People's Heritage Party ]] - [[People's Heritage Party ]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:40, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''2.2marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:United Love Party ]] - [[United Love Party ]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:45, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''3.2marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Action Congress Party]] - [[Action Congress Party]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:40, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''2.3marks {{done}}
# [[:en:All People's Party]] - [[All People's Party]][[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 14:04, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''3.2marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:People's National Party]] - [[People's National Party]][[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afia360|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 22:36, 30 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Popular Front Party]] - [[Popular Front Party]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:40, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''2.6marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Social Democratic Front ]] - [[Social Democratic Front ]][[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:41, 9 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''1mark''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Third Force Party]] - [[Third Force Party]][[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 19:59, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''1mark''' {{done}}
# [[:en:United National Convention ]] - [[United National Convention ]][[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Nana Sintim|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:18, 5 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC) [[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] gets '''1.8marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:All People's Republican Party ]] - [[All People's Republican Party ]][[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:47, 9 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''1mark''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Justice Party ]] - [[Justice Party ]][[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afia360|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 15:04, 30 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:National Alliance of Liberals]] - [[National Alliance of Liberals]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:40, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''2.8marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:People's Action Party]] [[People's Action Party]][[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afia360|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 10:31, 30 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Progress Party]] - [[Progress Party]][[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afia360|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 14:55, 30 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:United Nationalist Party ]] - [[United Nationalist Party ]][[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afia360|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 14:55, 30 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:United Party ]] - [[United Party ]][[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afia360|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 22:08, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] gets '''3marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:United Gold Coast Convention]] - [[United Gold Coast Convention]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:40, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Anlo Youth Organization]] - [[Anlo Youth Organization]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:40, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Federation of Youth Organization]] - [[Federation of Youth Organization]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''2.8marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Ghana Congress Party]] - [[Ghana Congress Party]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:14, 9 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''2.8marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Muslim Association Party]][[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Nana Sintim|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:14, 5 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC) - [[Muslim Association Party]][[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] gets '''2.2marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:National Liberation Movement ]] - [[National Liberation Movement ]][[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afia360|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:44, 27 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Northern People's Party ]] - [[Northern People's Party ]][[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afia360|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 22:36, 30 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Togoland Congress]] - [[Togoland Congress]][[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Daniella Damptey|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 04:31, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Daniella Damptey|Daniella Damptey]] gets '''1.6marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Greater Accra Region]] - [[Greater Accra Region]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 08:46, 3 Ɔsanaa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Eastern Region]] - [[Eastern Region]]
# [[:en:Ahafo Region]] - [[Ahafo Mantam]][[Dwumadini:Rsaawah|Rsaawah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Rsaawah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 12:38, 5 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Rsaawah|Rsaawah]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Ashanti Region]] - [[Ashanti Region]]
# [[:en:Bono East Region]] - [[Bono East Region]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Brong Ahafo Region]] - [[Brong Ahafo Mantam]][[Dwumadini:S A Habadah|S A Habadah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:S A Habadah|Nkitahode beaɛ]])[[Dwumadini:S A Habadah|S A Habadah]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Central Region]] - [[Central Region]][[Dwumadini:Rsaawah|Rsaawah]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:North-East Region]] - [[North-East Region]]
# [[:en:Northern Region]] - [[Northern Region]]
# [[:en:Oti Region]] - [[Oti Region]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:23, 7 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Savannah Region]] - [[Savannah Region]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:23, 7 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Upper East Region]] - [[Upper East Region]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:23, 7 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Upper West Region]] - [[Upper West Region]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:23, 7 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Western Region]] - [[Western Region]]
# [[:en:Western North Region]] - [[Western North Region]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:23, 7 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Volta Region]] - [[Volta Region]]
# [[:en:Kumasi]] - [[Kumasi]]
# [[:en:Sunyani]] - [[Sunyani]]
# [[:en:Techiman]] - [[Techiman]][[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afia360|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 08:17, 7 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afia360|Afia360]] gets '''3marks {{not done}}
# [[:en:Goaso]] - [[Goaso]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:05, 5 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Cape Coast]] - [[Cape Coast]][[Dwumadini:Rsaawah|Rsaawah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Rsaawah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 10:32, 7 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Rsaawah|Rsaawah]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Kofiridua]] - [[Kofiridua]]
# [[:en:Accra]] - [[Accra]]
# [[:en:Tamale]] - [[Tamale]]
# [[:en:Damongo]] - [[Damongo]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:23, 7 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''3.6marks''' {{done}}}
# [[:en:Nalerigu]] - [[Nalerigu]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:05, 5 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Bolgatanga]] - [[Bolgatanga]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 22:37, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Wa]] - [[Wa]][[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Nana Sintim|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 13:36, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] gets '''3marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Ho]] - [[Ho]]
# [[:en:Dambai]] - [[Dambai]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 20:01, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Takoradi]] - [[Takoradi]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 20:01, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Wiawso]] - [[Wiawso]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 20:01, 4 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
=='''Adwuma ho nsɛmfua (Work related terminologies)'''==
# [[:en:Teacher]] - [[Ɔkyerɛkyerɛni]] [[Dwumadini: Christian|Christian]]
# [[:en:Farmer]] - [[Ɔkuani]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:17, 9 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''3marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Blacksmith]] - [[Ɔtomfoɔ]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 20:36, 24 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en: Boxer]] - [[Akuturukubɔfoɔ]]
# [[:en:Butcher]] - [[Nankwaaseni]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 18:26, 11 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] gets '''3.2marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Banker]] - [[Sikakorabea adwumayɛni]]
# [[:en:Wood worker]] - [[Dua dwomfoɔ]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''3marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Doctor]] - [[Ɔyaresafoɔ /Dokota]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 01:48, 11 Ɔsanaa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Driver]] - [[Ɔhyenkani /Ɔhyenkafoɔ]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 01:48, 11 Ɔsanaa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Judge]] - [[Ɔtenmuafoɔ ]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 01:48, 11 Ɔsanaa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Jury]] - [[Apamfoɔ]]
# [[:en:Lawyer]] - [[Mmaranimni]]
# [[:en:Mason]] - [[Ɔdansifoɔ]]
# [[:en:Nurse]] - [[Ayaresadwumamu boafoɔ / Nɛɛse]]
# [[:en:Pharmacist]] - [[Oduyɛfoɔ]]
# [[:en:President]] - [[Ɔmanpanin]]
# [[:en:Fashion designer]] - [[Adepamni]]
# [[:en:Seamstress]] - [[Ɔbaa adepamni]][[Dwumadini:Rsaawah|Rsaawah]] gets '''2marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Secretary]] - [[Ɔtwerɛtwerɛfoɔ / Ɔtwerɛtwerɛni]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:48, 11 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] gets '''3marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Security]] - [[Ɔwɛnfoɔ]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:18, 11 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] gets '''3marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Trader]] - [[Ɔdwadini]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:55, 11 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] gets '''2marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Secondary School]] - [[Ntoasoɔ Sukuu]] [[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 18:11, 11 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] gets '''3marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:University]] - [[Suapɔn]] [[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 16:22, 17 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] gets '''3marks''' {{done}}
=='''Abusuabɔ ho nsɛmfua (Family related terminologies)'''==
# [[:en:Family]] - [[Abusua]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 11:16, 24 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]]gets '''4marks''' {{done}}[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:19, 11 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Family member]] - [[Abusuani]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 11:18, 24 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]]gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Family head]] - [[Abusuapanin]]
# [[:en:Parents]] - [[Awofoɔ]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 13:49, 25 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]]gets '''3marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Man]] - [[ɔbarima]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]])[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]]gets '''3marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Woman]] - [[ɔbaa]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 08:02, 26 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]]gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Father]] - [[Agya]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 10:52, 26 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]]gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Mother]] - [[Maame]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 18:29, 26 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''3marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Baby]] - [[Akwadaa]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 05:27, 28 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]]gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Siblings]] - [[Anuanom]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 17:38, 28 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]]gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Sister]] - [[Nua baa]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 18:47, 29 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''3marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Brother]] - [[Nua bɛrima]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 17:06, 29 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Grandmother]] - [[Nana baa]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 03:45, 30 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Grandfather]] - [[Nana bɛrima]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 14:32, 30 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] gets '''4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Sister-inlaw]] - [[Akumaa]]
# [[:en:Rivals]] - [[Akorafoɔ]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 22:19, 29 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''3marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Boy]] - [[Abɛrimaa]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:01, 28 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''3marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Girl]] - [[Abaayewa]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:01, 28 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''3marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Widow]] - [[Okunafoɔ]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 20:05, 28 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''3marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Son]] - [[ɔbabɛrima]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 20:05, 28 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] gets '''2.4marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Daugther]] - [[ɔbabaa]]
# [[:en:Adopted child]] - [[Abanoma]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 12:19, 31 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Orphan]] - [[Agyanka]][[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Nana Sintim|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:58, 3 Ɔsanaa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Twins]] - [[Ntaafoɔ]][[Dwumadini:Gkagabby|Gkagabby]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Gkagabby|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 08:29, 3 Ɔsanaa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Triplet]] - [[Ahenasa]]
# [[:en:Friendship]] - [[Adamfofa]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 13:04, 31 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Dating]] - [[Mpenatweɛ]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 08:49, 3 Ɔsanaa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Royal]] - [[Dehyeɛ]]
# [[:en:Old man]] - [[Akɔkora]]
# [[:en:Old woman]] - [[Aberewa]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 01:19, 11 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] gets '''2marks''' {{done}}
# [[:en:Firstborn child]] - [[Piesie]]
# [[:en:Lastborn child]] - [[Kaakyire]]
# [[:en:Young woman]] - [[Ababaawa]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 08:49, 3 Ɔsanaa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Young man]] - [[Abranteɛ]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 01:08, 11 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] gets '''2marks''' {{done}}
=='''Apɔmuden ho nsɛmfua (Health related terminologies)'''==
# [[:en:Health]] - [[Apowmuden]][[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Nana Sintim|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 15:09, 9 Ɔsanaa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Sickness]] - [[Yareɛ]]
# [[:en:Diseases]] - [[Nyarewa]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 18:53, 29 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Hospital]] - [[Ayaresabea]][[Dwumadini:Antwiaa1996|Antwiaa1996]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Antwiaa1996|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 10:11, 13 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Syringe]] - [[Paneɛ]][[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Nana Sintim|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 00:16, 4 Ɔsanaa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Medicine]] - [[Aduro]][[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Nana Sintim|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 17:34, 3 Ɔsanaa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Herbalist]] - [[Odunsini]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 20:37, 24 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Itch]] - [[Ahokeka]][[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Nana Sintim|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 15:20, 2 Ɔsanaa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Whooping cough]] - [[Nsamanwa]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 18:31, 26 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Headache]] - [[Tipayɛ]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 18:53, 29 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Stomach ache]] - [[Yafunu yareɛ]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 18:31, 26 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Constipation]] - [[Ayamtim]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 08:58, 11 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Diabetes]] - [[Asikyireyareɛ]]
# [[:en:Cholera]] - [[Ayamtunini/Kɔlera]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 18:53, 29 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Goiter]] - [[Kɔmpɔ]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 13:23, 22 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)[[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 13:22, 22 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Gonorrhea]] - [[Babaso]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:02, 28 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Cancer]] - [[Kokoram]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 15:19, 31 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Rheumatism]] - [[Sasabrɔ]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 18:31, 26 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Convulsion]] - [[Asensene]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 18:31, 26 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Asthma]] - [[Ntehyeewa]]
# [[:en:Cripple]] - [[Bafan]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 20:37, 24 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Muteness]] - [[Emum]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 16:55, 17 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Blindness]] - [[Anifra]]
# [[:en:Kwashiokor]] - [[Kwashiokor]]
# [[:en:Malaria]] - [[Atiridii yare]]
# [[:en:Paralysis]] - [[Mmubuo]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 13:09, 22 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Vomitting]] - [[Ɛfeɛ]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 13:09, 22 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Hypertension]] - [[Mogyamorosoɔ]]
# [[:en:Ulcer]] - [[Ayamkuro]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 13:09, 22 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Stroke]] - [[Nnwodwoeɛ]]
# [[:en:Measles]] - [[Ntoboro]]
# [[:en:Eczema]] - [[Ɛkrɔ]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:34, 14 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Rashes]] - [[Nsawansawa]][[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 08:58, 11 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Ringworm]] - [[Kakawirewire]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 16:45, 17 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
=='''Atenaeɛ ho nsɛmfua (Environmental related terminologies)'''==
Environmental related
# [[:en:Buildings]] - [[Adan]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 13:10, 12 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Trees]] - [[Nnua]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 18:56, 28 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Flowers]] - [[Nhweren]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 18:56, 28 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Animals]] - [[Mmoa]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 18:56, 28 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Humans]] - [[Nnipa]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 13:32, 12 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Clouds]] - [[Ewiem]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 18:56, 28 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Air]] - [[Nframa]]
# [[:en:Machines]] - [[Afidie]][[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Nana Sintim|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 05:03, 29 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:River]] - [[Nsutene]][[Dwumadini:Mbaidoo|Mbaidoo]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Mbaidoo|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 14:43, 14 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Sea]] - [[Ɛpo]][[Dwumadini:Mbaidoo|Mbaidoo]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Mbaidoo|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 14:43, 14 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Car]] - [[Ɛhyɛn]][[Dwumadini:Mbaidoo|Mbaidoo]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Mbaidoo|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 14:43, 14 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Train]] - [[Keteke]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:01, 20 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Canoe]] - [[Kudoɔ]][[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Nana Sintim|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 13:48, 24 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Ship ]] - [[Suhyɛn]][[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Nana Sintim|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 13:48, 24 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Aircraft/aeroplane]] - [[Wiemhyɛn]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 16:50, 19 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Airport]] - [[Wiemhyɛn gyinabea]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 16:27, 17 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Port/harbor]] - [[Suhyɛn gyinabea]]
# [[:en:Train station]] - [[Keteke gyinabea]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:34, 14 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Forest]] - [[Kwaeɛ]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:01, 20 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Court]] - [[Asɛm dibea]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 08:51, 3 Ɔsanaa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Church building]] - [[Asɔre dan]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 23:34, 14 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Church]] - [[Asɔre]] [[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Nana Sintim|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 14:46, 9 Ɔsanaa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Mosque]] - [[Nkramosom dan]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 20:38, 24 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Muslim]] - [[Nkramoni]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 20:38, 24 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Islam]] - [[Nkramosom]] [[Dwumadini:AC Krah|AC Krah]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:AC Krah|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 20:38, 24 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Christian]] - [[Kristoni]][[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Nana Sintim|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 13:48, 24 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Christianity]] - [[Kristosom]][[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Nana Sintim|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 13:48, 24 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Rainbow]] - [[Nyankontɔn]][[Dwumadini:Charity00|Charity00]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Charity00|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 13:46, 11 Ɔsanaa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Gun]] - [[Etuo]][[Dwumadini:Nana Sintim|Nana Sintim]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Nana Sintim|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 03:21, 1 Ɔsanaa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Water]] - [[Nsuo]]
# [[:en:Railway]] - [[Keteke kwan]]
# [[:en:Road]] - [[Lɔre kwan]]
# [[:en:Stadium]] - [[Agoprama]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 16:50, 19 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Market]] - [[Aguaso]][[Dwumadini:Afriyie34|Afriyie34]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Afriyie34|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 13:20, 31 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Land]] - [[Asaase]]
# [[:en:Mountain]] - [[Bepɔ]]
# [[:en:Sun]] - [[Awia]]
# [[:en:Moon]] - [[Bosome]]
# [[:en:Star]] - [[Nsoroma]][[Dwumadini:Ebensarfo|Ebensarfo]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Ebensarfo|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 16:50, 19 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
# [[:en:Birds]] - [[Nnomaa]][[Dwumadini:Ebensarfo|Ebensarfo]] ([[Dwumadini nkitahode:Ebensarfo|Nkitahode beaɛ]]) 15:39, 19 Kitawonsa 2022 (UTC)
7kazj90l7m3yerq8syqxzatdqa9h54j
All People's Congress (APC)
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{{Short description|Political party in Ghana}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = All People's Congress
| logo = File:All People's Congress Ghana Logo.jpg
| logo_size =
| caption = Logo of the All People's Congress
| colorcode = Green
| abbreviation = APC
| leader = [[Hassan Ayariga]]
| president =
| chairperson = Hassan Ayariga <!-- or: | chairman = -->
| general_secretary = Razak Kojo Opoku<ref name="ec"/>
| first_secretary =
| secretary_general =
| presidium =
| secretary =
| spokesperson =
| founder = [[Hassan Ayariga]]
| leader1_title = Vice Presidential Candidate
| leader1_name = Emmanuel Bartels
| founded = {{start date|2016|01|24|df=y}}
| legalised = <!-- or |legalized= -->
| dissolved = <!-- {{end date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
| merger =
| split = [[People's National Convention (Ghana)|People's National Convention]]
| predecessor =
| merged =
| successor =
| headquarters = [[Kwabenya]], [[Accra]]
| newspaper =
| think_tank =
| student_wing =
| youth_wing =
| womens_wing =
| wing1_title =
| wing1 =
| membership_year =
| membership =
| ideology =
| position =
| religion =
| national =
| regional =
| european =
| continental =
| international =
| europarl =
| affiliation1_title =
| affiliation1 =
| colours = {{Color box|green|border=darkgray}} {{Color box|white|border=darkgray}} {{Color box|yellow|border=darkgray}}<br>[[Green]], [[White]], [[Yellow]]
| slogan = All Inclusive Governance
| anthem =
| seats1_title = [[Parliament of Ghana|Parliament]]
| seats1 = {{Infobox political party/seats|0|275|hex=#ff0000}}
| symbol = Broom
| flag =
| website =
| country = Ghana
| country_dab1 =
| parties_dab1 =
| elections_dab1 =
| country2 =
| country_dab2 =
| parties_dab2 =
| elections_dab2 =
| footnotes =
}}
'''All People's Congress''' yɛ amanyɔkuo wɔ Ghana ha a ɛtee ne ho firii amanyɔkuo [[People's National Convention (PNC)|People's National Convention]] (PNC).
*
== Abakwasɛm ==
Wɔtee [[Amanyɔ kuo|amanyɔkuo]] yi Mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne du-nsia mu a Owura Hassan Ayariga<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/politics/Ayariga-forms-new-party-APC-410252</ref> na ɔtee amanyɔkuo yi berɛ ɔfirii amanyɔkuo [[People's National Convention (PNC)|People's National Convention]] mu wɔ berɛ a Ɔdii nkoguo maa Owura Edward Mahama bɛyɛɛ amanyɔkuo no frankaatuni wɔ [[Ɔpɛnimaa]] bosome mu wɔ Mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne du- nsia abatoɔ no mu<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/hassan-ayariga-forms-all-people-s-congress.html</ref> Amanyɔkuo no botaeɛ wɔ wɔntoa bɔ mu ne sɛ adwuma bɛba [[Gaana|Ghana]] man mu na ɔman no bɛyɛ yie<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghana-can-be-better-Hassan-Ayariga-475410?channel=D1</ref>.
== Amanyɔkuo no Nyi mfiri mu ==
Aka bosome mmienu na Ghanafoɔ akɔ to aba no, [[Abatoɔ]] Comisan Awuraa Charlotte Osei na ɔyɛ ɔtitenani ma Abatoɔ Comisan no de frankaatufoɔ du mmiɛnsa din bɛtoo dwa a na Hassan Ayariga, ka ho sɛ wayi wɔn afiri abatoɔ akansie no mu ɛfiri sɛ nkrataa a wɔde baeɛ no na mfonsoɔ wɔ ho<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Full-list-of-disqualified-presidential-aspirants-476310 |access-date=30 July 2022 |archive-date=19 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719173406/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Full-list-of-disqualified-presidential-aspirants-476310 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Mfonsoɔ ni bi ne sɛ These included failure to declare his hometown or constituency of residence on his forms as well as two of the subscribers on his forms having been named on another candidates forms which are in contravention of the electoral laws. The forms were also alleged to contain forged signatures and were to be referred to the Ghana Police Service for investigation. The subscriber duplication involved someone who had also signed papers for his former party, the PNC's nominee. Ayariga expressed his frustration at this development, questioning why he was still disqualified when all the names were legal.
== Electoral performance[edit source] ==
=== Parliamentary elections[edit source] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Election
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!+/–
!Position
!Government
|-
|2016
|2,527
|0.02%
|0 / 275
|
|7th
|Extra-parliamentary
|-
|2020
|1,214
|0.01%
|0 / 275
|
|11th
|Extra-parliamentary
|}
=== Presidential elections[edit source] ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Candidate
!Number of votes
!Share of votes
!Outcome of election
|-
|2020
|Hassan Ayariga
|7,138
|0.05%
|8th of 12
|-
|2016
|Hassan Ayariga
|—
|—
|Disqualified
|}
== See also[edit source] ==
*
== Beaɛ Menyaa mmoa firiiɛ ==
qymue47s3ubi1jx1nsqkk8l3s6ba2ow
Ɔtenmuafoɔ
0
13673
133374
133361
2022-08-13T01:23:12Z
Charity00
10661
Me de atwerɛ ka ɛho
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Ɔtemmufo''' yɛ obi a ɔhwɛ asɛnnibea nsɛm so, ɔno nkutoo anaasɛ ɔka atemmufo kuw bi ho. Ɔtemmufo tie adansefo no nyinaa ne adanse foforo biara a mmaranimfo anaa mmaranimfo a wɔwɔ asɛm no mu de ma no, ɔhwɛ sɛnea afã horow no gye di ne nsɛm a wɔka, na afei ogyina mmara no nkyerɛase ne wɔn ankasa atemmu so bu asɛm no ho gyinae. Wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ ɔtemmufo bi bedi asɛm no animhwɛ, na mpɛn pii no, ɔbɛkɔ asɛnnibea a wɔabue ano.
tumi, dwumadi, ɔkwan a wɔfa so paw atemmufo, nteɛso, ne ntetee a wɔde ma wɔn no gu ahorow kɛse wɔ tumidi ahorow mu. Wɔ aman bi mu no, wobetumi de tumi a ɔtemmufo no wɔ no akyɛ asɛnni baguafo. Wɔ nsɛmmɔnedi ho nhwehwɛmu nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde hwehwɛ nsɛm mu mu no, ebia ɔtemmufo nso bɛyɛ ɔtemmufo a ɔhwehwɛ nsɛm mu. Ɔtemmufo a odi anim no hwɛ hu sɛ asɛnnibea nsɛm nyinaa yɛ nea mmara ma ho kwan na ɛyɛ nhyehyɛe.
== Tumi ne dwumadie ==
Ɔtemmufo adwuma a etwa to ne sɛ obesiesie mmara mu akasakasa bi wɔ ɔkwan a etwa to a ɛyɛ mmara kwan so wɔ baguam so a ɛne afã horow a ɛho hia bɛyɛ adwene. Atemmufo de tumi a ɛho hia di dwuma wɔ aban mu. Wobetumi ahyɛ polisifo, asraafo anaa atemmufo mpanyimfo sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu, nkyere, afiase, nhyɛ nkurɔfo nsa, wɔmfa wɔn nkɔto afiase, wɔmfa nnye wɔn, wɔmfa wɔn nkɔ amannɔne ne nneyɛe a ɛtete saa. Nanso, atemmufo nso hwɛ so sɛ wobedi asɛnni ho nhyehyɛe ahorow akyi, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛhwɛ ma wɔayɛ ade pɛpɛɛpɛ na wɔrenhwɛ animhwɛ na wɔakwati sɛ wɔbɛyɛ biribiara a wɔpɛ. Asɛnnibea akɛse te sɛ asɛnnibea a wɔde asɛm kɔdan asɛnnibea ne asɛnnibea kunini na ɛhwɛ tumi a ɔtemmufo wɔ no mu.
Mpɛn pii no, asɛnnibea no wɔ asɛnnibea mpanyimfo atitiriw baasa a wɔatete wɔn wɔ mmara kwan so: ɔtemmufo, mmaranimfo ne mmaranimfo a ɔde ne ho gye asɛm no mu. Dwumadi a ɔtemmufo di no gu ahorow wɔ mmara nhyehyɛe ahorow mu. Wɔ nhyehyɛe a ɛsɔre tia (mmara a wɔtaa de di dwuma) mu, sɛnea ɛte wɔ U.S. ne England no, ɔtemmufo no yɛ adwuma sɛ ɔtemmufo a onni animhwɛ, titiriw no ɔhwɛ hu sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛteɛ, bere a aban mmaranimfo ne wɔn a wɔde wɔn ho gye asɛm no mu no de wɔn asɛm no kɔma asɛnni baguafo, a wɔtaa paw wɔn fi ɔman mma a wɔtaa yɛ no mu no. Nea ɔhwehwɛ nokwasɛm titiriw ne asɛnni baguafo no, na afei ɔtemmufo no bewie asotwe no. Ne nyinaa mu no, wɔ nsɛm nketenkete mu no, atemmufo betumi abu atɛn tiawa a wɔrenkɔ so anni asɛm wɔ asɛnni baguafo mu. Wɔ asɛmmisa nhyehyɛe (ɔmanfo mmara), sɛnea ɛte wɔ Europa asasepɔn no so no, asɛnni baguafo biara nni hɔ na nea ɔhwehwɛ nokwasɛm titiriw ne ɔtemmufo no, na ɔno ankasa bɛyɛ nea odi anim, abu atɛn na wabu no fɔ. Sɛnea ɛte no, wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ ɔtemmufo no de mmara no bedi dwuma tẽẽ, sɛnea ɛte wɔ Franse kasa mu asɛmfua Le juge est la bouche de la loi ("Ɔtemmufo no yɛ mmara no ano") mu no. Bio nso, wɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow bi mu no, ɔtemmufo no betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu mpo, na wayɛ adwuma sɛ ɔtemmufo a ɔhwehwɛ nneɛma mu.
Atemmufo nkutoo betumi ayɛ adwuma wɔ nsɛm nketenkete mu, nanso wɔ nsɛmmɔnedi, abusua ne nsɛm afoforo a ɛho hia mu no, wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ bagua bi mu. Wɔ ɔmanfo mmara nhyehyɛe ahorow bi mu no, ebia atemmufo a wɔnyɛ asɔfo bɛka saa kuw yi ho. Nea ɛnte sɛ atemmufo a wɔyɛ adwumaden no, wɔntete atemmufo a wɔnyɛ asɔfo wɔ mmara kwan so, nanso nea ɛnte sɛ asɛnni baguafo no, atemmufo a wɔnyɛ asɔfo taa yɛ atuhoamafo na ebia wɔde amammuisɛm paw wɔn. Mmara akyerɛwfo, referendaries ne notaries taa boa atemmufo wɔ mmara mu nsɛm mu ne bailiffs anaa nea ɛte saa a wɔwɔ ahobammɔ.
==== Ahwehwɛde ne bere a wɔahyɛ ho nhyehyɛe ====
Atemmufo a wotu wɔn ho ma ne atemmufo a wɔyɛ adwumaden nyinaa wɔ hɔ. Wɔnhwehwɛ sɛ ɔtemmufo a otu ne ho ma, te sɛ Engiresini ɔtemmufo bi nya mmara ho ntetee na wontua no ka. Esiane sɛ, wɔhwehwɛ sɛ ɔtemmufo a ɔyɛ adwumaden nya mmara ho ade; wɔ U.S. no, mpɛn pii no eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wonya Juris Doctor abodin krataa. Bio nso, mpɛn pii no, ɛho hia sɛ wonya adwumayɛ mu osuahu a ɛho hia; sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ U.S. no, wɔtaa paw atemmufo fi mmaranimfo a wɔn ho akokwaw mu. Ɔman no panyin na ɔtaa paw atemmufo. Nanso, wɔ U.S. aman bi mu no, wɔpaw atemmufo wɔ amammui mu abatow bi mu.
Wɔtaa bu animhwɛ a wonni sɛ ɛho hia ma mmara nniso. Enti, wɔ tumidi ahorow pii mu no, wobetumi apaw atemmufo nkwa nna nyinaa, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a aban mpanyimfo no rentumi nyi wɔn mfi hɔ. Nanso, wɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛnyɛ demokrase mu no, atemmufo a wɔpaw wɔn no betumi ayɛ amammuisɛm kɛse na wɔtaa nya akwankyerɛ wɔ sɛnea wobebu atɛn ho, na sɛ wɔn nneyɛe no ani nsɔ amammui akannifo no ani a, wobetumi ayi afi hɔ.
==== Bu atɛn sɛ adwuma ====
Ɛsɛ sɛ atemmufo tumi yɛ nhwehwɛmu na wɔyɛ nkrataa tenten pii, adansefo adansedi, ne nsɛm afoforo a ɛfa nsɛm ho, te nsɛm a emu yɛ den ase na wonya mmara ne mmara kwan so nhyehyɛe ho ntease a edi mũ, a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wonya nimdeɛ a ɛkyɛn so wɔ nsusuwii a ntease wom, nhwehwɛmu ne gyinaesi mu. Akyerɛw ho nimdeɛ a ɛkyɛn so nso yɛ ade a ɛho hia, esiane nkrataa a wɔakyerɛw no awiei ne tumi a ɛwɔ hɔ nti. Atemmufo ne nkurɔfo yɛ adwuma bere nyinaa; sɛnea adwuma no te no, akasakasa a wosiesie no yiye ne nnipa ntam nkitahodi ho nimdeɛ yɛ ade a ɛho hia. Wɔhwehwɛ sɛ atemmufo nya abrabɔ pa, i.e. ɛnsɛ sɛ nsɛmmɔnedi ho abakɔsɛm biara ba. Atemmufo a wɔyɛ adwumaden taa nya akatua kɛse, wɔ U.S. no, sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, atemmufo akatua yɛ $101,690 afe biara, na aban atemmufo nya $208,000–$267,000 afe biara.
== Nnoɔma ahodoɔ a ɛhyɛn wɔn nso ==
atetesɛm ahorow abɛyɛ nea ɛne dibea anaa adwuma no wɔ abusuabɔ. Atemmufo de gavel (amane kwan so hama) di dwuma wɔ aman pii mu, araa ma gavel no abɛyɛ ɔtemmufo ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Wɔ wiase mmeae pii no, atemmufo hyɛ ntade atenten (a wɔtaa yɛ tuntum anaa kɔkɔɔ) na wɔtra asɛnka agua a ɛkorɔn so bere a wɔredi asɛm no (a wonim no sɛ benkyi).
Amerika atemmufo taa hyɛ ntade tuntum. Amerika atemmufo wɔ amanne kwan so gavels, ɛwom sɛ Amerika atemmufo wɔ asɛnnibea ananmusifo anaa bailiffs ne animtiaabu a wobu asɛnnibea tumi sɛ wɔn mfiri atitiriw a wɔde kura suban pa mu wɔ asɛnnibea dan no mu de. Nanso, wɔ United States Atɔe Fam mmeae bi, te sɛ California no, na atemmufo nhyɛ ntade bere nyinaa na mmom na wɔhyɛ ntade a wɔhyɛ da biara da. Ɛnnɛ, ɔman no asennibea akɛse te sɛ Maryland Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no mufo binom hyɛ ntade soronko. Wɔ Italy ne Portugal no, atemmufo ne mmaranimfo nyinaa hyɛ ntade tuntum pɔtee bi.
Wɔ aman bi mu, titiriw wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no mu no, atemmufo hyɛ wig. Mprempren wɔde wig tenten a wɔtaa de bata atemmufo ho no asie ama amanne ahorow, ɛwom sɛ na ɛyɛ ntade a wɔtaa hyɛ wɔ mfehaha a atwam no mu no fã de. Ná wɔbɛhyɛ wig tiawa bi a ɛte sɛ mmaranimfo wig (Bench Wig) nanso ɛnyɛ nsɛ wɔ asɛnnibea. Nanso, wɔreyi saa atetesɛm yi afi hɔ nkakrankakra wɔ Britain wɔ asɛnnibea ahorow a ɛnyɛ nsɛmmɔnedi mu.[3]
Wɔ Oman no, ɔtemmufo no hyɛ nsensanee tenten (kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono fitaa), bere a mmaranimfo no hyɛ atade tuntum no.
Wɔ Portugal ne kan Portugal Ahemman no mu no, na atemmufo no de poma bi a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ ma atemmufo mpapahwekwa na ɛyɛ fitaa ma atemmufo no fi akyi.
== Asɛmti ne address ahorow ==
Sua pii
Saa ɔfã yi hia nsɛm foforo a wɔafa aka de akyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nokware. (Ɔpɛpɔn 2021)
==== Asia ====
=== Hong Kong na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Hong Kong no, wɔde Borɔfo anaa Hong Kong Cantonese (Ye China kasa bi) di asɛnnibea nsɛm. Hong Kong atemmufo kura Engiresifo atetesɛm ahorow pii te sɛ wig ne ntade a wɔhyɛ wɔ asɛnnibea ahorow mu.
Wɔ asɛnnibea nketewa no mu no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo sɛ Wo som, na wɔfrɛ ɔmantam asɛnnibea atemmufo sɛ Wo Nidi.
Wɔ asɛnnibea akɛse a ɛwɔ kyerɛwtohɔ mu, a ɛne Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea a Etwa To ne Asɛnnibea Kunini (a Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea ne Asɛnnibea a Edi Kan na ɛwom) no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo sɛ M’Awurade anaa M’Awuraa na wɔfrɛ wɔn W’Awurade anaa Wo de Ladyship, a edi Engiresifo atetesɛm akyi.
Wɔ nkyerɛwee mu no, wɔde nkrataa a ɛwɔ din akyi PJ no di dwuma de kyerɛ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no temmufo a ɔtra hɔ daa ne NPJ de kɔma ɔtemmufo a ɔnyɛ daa. Wɔ Asɛnnibea Kunini no mu no, wɔde asɛmfua tiawa JA di dwuma de kyerɛ ɔtemmufo a ɔde asɛm no kɔdan asɛnnibea, na nkyerɛwde J no kyerɛ Asɛnnibea a Edi Kan no temmufo bi.
Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no Awuranom sɛ Owura.
Sɛ wɔyɛ asɛnni wɔ China kasa mu a, na wɔka atemmufo ho asɛm, wɔ Canton kasa mu, sɛ Fat Goon Dai Yan (Hong Kong Cantonese: 法官大人, romanized: faat3 gun1 daai6 jan4, lit. ‘Ɔtemmufo, wo wurayɛ’) ansa na wɔde tumidi no afi hɔ United Kingdom kɔ China, ne sɛ Fat Goon Gok Ha (Hong Kong Cantonese: 法官閣下, romanized: faat3 gun1 gok3 haa6, lit. ‘Ɔtemmufo, wo nidi’) fi 1997. Fat Goon (Hong Kong Cantonese: 法官, romanized: faat gun1, lit. 'Ɔtemmufo') kyerɛ asɛmfua "ɔtemmufo".
=== India ===
wɔ India no, na wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini ne Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo sɛ Wo Awurade anaa M’Awurade ne W’Awuraa anaa Me Awuraa, atetesɛm a wotumi ka sɛ efi England tẽẽ. Na Bar Council of India no agye gyinaesi bi atom wɔ April 2006 mu na wɔde Mmara foforo 49(1)(j) aka ho wɔ Advocates Act no mu. Sɛnea mmara no kyerɛ no, mmaranimfo betumi afrɛ asɛnnibea no sɛ Wo Nidi na wɔafrɛ no Nidi Asɛnnibea. Sɛ ɛyɛ asɛnnibea a ɛhyɛ ase a, mmaranimfoɔ bɛtumi de nsɛmfua te sɛ sir anaa kasasin biara a ɛne no sɛ adi dwuma wɔ ɔmantam kasa a ɛfa ho no mu. Bere a wɔrekyerɛkyerɛ ntease a ɛwɔ adeyɛ no akyi no, na Bar Council no aka sɛ nsɛmfua te sɛ M'Awurade ne W'Awurade no yɛ "atubrafo bere a atwam no nkaedum". Efi saa bere no, wɔde gyinaesi no akɔma ɔman no bagua ahorow nyinaa ne Asɛnnibea Kunini no ma wɔagye atom nanso bɛboro mfe anum mprempren no, gyinaesi no kɔɔ so traa krataa so kɛse.
Nanso, wɔ adeyɛ bi a ebi mmae da wɔ October 2009 mu no, na Madras HC atemmufo no mu biako, Ɔtemmufo K Chandru abara mmaranimfo sɛ wɔmfrɛ n’asɛnnibea sɛ M’Awurade ne Wo Awurade.
==== Israel ====
Wɔ Israel no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea ahorow nyinaa atemmufo (Hebri: שופט, romanized: shofét, lit. ‘ɔtemmufo’) sɛ Owura, Madam (Hebri: אדוני/גבירתי, romanized: adoni/geverti) anaa Wo Nidi (Hebri : ɔבודו/כבודה, wɔde nkyerɛwde a ɛyɛ roman: kevodo/kevoda). Mpɛn pii no, edin biara akyi no wobɛte haShofét, a ɛkyerɛ "ɔtemmufo no" wɔ address a ɛfa ho no akyi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Wo Nidi Ɔtemmufo no bɛyɛ כבוד השופט (kevod haShofét).
==== Malaysia na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Malaysia no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea ahorow a ɛwɔ ase no atemmufo sɛ Tuan anaa Puan ("Owura", "Awuraa"), anaa Wo Nidi. Wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea akɛse no atemmufo sɛ Yang Arif (lit. ‘Osuaafo’) anaa M’Awurade, M’Awuraa, ne nea ɛkeka ho; ne Wo Awurade anaa Me Awuraa sɛ nsɛm no, sɛnea ɛtaa yɛ wɔ asɛnnibea akɛse no mu no, yɛ Borɔfo kasa mu a.
=== Pakistan na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Pakistan no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo ne asɛnnibea akɛse no sɛ Wo Awurade anaa M’Awurade anaa Awurade ne Wo Awuraa anaa M’Awuraa, atetesɛm a wobetumi aka sɛ efi England tẽẽ. Wɔsɔre tia eyi bi wɔ nyamesom mu nanso nea ɛboro so anaa kakraa bi no kɔ so de besi nnɛ. Wɔ asɛnnibea nketewa mu no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo sɛ owura, ɔbea anaa Urdu kasa a ɛne no sɛ Janab anaa Ɔtemmufo Sahab.
==== Sri Lankana ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Sri Lanka no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea dodow no ara atemmufo sɛ Wo Nidi, nanso wɔfrɛ Ɔtemmufo Panyin no sɛ Wo Awurade. Asɛnnibea Kunini ne Asɛnnibea a Wɔde Nsɛm Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no atemmufo nya abodin The Honourable.[citation needed]
==== Vietnam ====
Wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ Vietnam no Quý tòa (nea ɛkyerɛ ankasa ne "Asɛnnibea a Nidi wom").
=== Europa ===
==== bulgaria na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Bulgaria ansa na 1989 reba wɔ komunism nniso no mu no, na wɔfrɛ atemmufo sɛ drugarju (Bulgaria kasa: другарю, lit. ‘ɔyɔnko’). Wɔ 1989 akyi no, gospodín sŭdiya (Bulgaria kasa: господин съдия, a wɔakyerɛ ase ‘ɔtemmufo wura’) anaa gospožo sŭdiya (Bulgaria kasa mu: госпожо съдия, a wɔakyerɛ ase ‘madam ɔtemmufo’).
==== Finland ====
Ɔkwan titiriw biara nni hɔ a wɔfa so kasa; animtew a ɛyɛ ɔkwan biara so no dɔɔso na adeyɛ no nni amanne a ɛyɛ ahintasɛm. Nea ɛne eyi hyia no, wɔfrɛ bagua no guamtrani no sɛ herra/rouva puheenjohtaja ("Owura/Ms. Oguamtrani"). Finland atemmufo de gavel di dwuma, nanso wɔmfa ntade anaa ntade biara nni dwuma wɔ Finland asennibea biara mu.[5]
Wɔ ɔmantam asennibea (käräjäoikeus) mu no, atemmufo mpapahwekwa de abodin käräjätuomari na ɛyɛ adwuma na oguamtrani no yɛ laamanni (mmarahyɛfo). Wɔn a wɔboa wɔn ne notaries (notaari), assessors (asessori) ne referendaries (viskaali) a ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a ebia wobedi nhyiam ahorow anim. Wɔ asɛnnibea ahorow a wɔde asɛm kɔdan asɛnnibea (hovioikeus) mu no, ɔtemmufo a ɔyɛ ɔkwasea wɔ abodin hovioikeudenneuvos, ɔfã bi guamtrani ne hovioikeudenlaamanni na ɔmampanyin di asɛnnibea no anim. Wɔ Asɛnnibea Kunini no mu no, wɔto atemmufo din oikeusneuvos na ɔmampanyin bi na odi asɛnnibea no anim.
==== France na ɛwɔ hɔ ====
Wɔ France no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea bi temmufo a odi anim no Monsieur le président anaa Madame le président, bere a wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔka ho no Monsieur l’Assesseur anaa Madame l’Assesseur. Sɛ wofi asennibea hɔ a, wɔfrɛ atemmufo Monsieur le juge anaa Madame le juge.
=== Germany na ɛwɔ hɔ ===
Wɔ Germany no, wɔfrɛ atemmufoɔ sɛ Herr Vorsitzender anaa Frau Vorsitzende, a wɔkyerɛ aseɛ sɛ "Owura Otitrani" ne "Madam Oguamtrani", anaasɛ Hohes Gericht, a wɔkyerɛ aseɛ sɛ "Asɛnnibea Kunini".
==== Hungary na ɛwɔ hɔ ====
Wɔfrɛ ɔbarima temmufo a ɔhwɛ asɛnnibea bi anim sɛ tisztelt bíró úr, a ɛkyerɛ "Owura Ɔtemmufo a Ɔwɔ Nidi" na wɔfrɛ ɔbea ɔtemmufo a odi anim sɛ tisztelt bírónő, a ɛkyerɛ "Owurayere Ɔtemmufo a Ɔwɔ Nidi Wobetumi afrɛ asɛnnibea no sɛ kuw no sɛ tisztelt bíróság, a ɛkyerɛ "Asɛnnibea a Nidi wom".
==== Ireland na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔto Asɛnnibea Kunini, Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea, anaa Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo din wɔ aban kwan so sɛ The Honorable Mr/Mrs/Ms/Miss Justice Surname (Irish: An Breitheamh Onórach Uasal [abusuadin]), na wɔfrɛ wɔn wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ ɔkwan pa so tiawa sɛ Mr/Mrs/ . Ms/Miss Atemmufo Edin. Wɔ asɛnnibea no, wɔde wɔn abodin anaa ɔkwan a wɔfa so frɛ wɔn, sɛ Asɛnnibea (An Chúirt), anaasɛ Ɔtemmufo (A Bhreithimh) kɛkɛ.[6] Wɔ mmara amanneɛbɔ mu no, Ireland Ɔtemmufo Panyin no wɔ postnominal CJ, Asɛnnibea afoforo no Titenani wɔ postnominal P, na atemmufo afoforo nyinaa J, s.e. Smith J. a ɔyɛ ɔkyerɛwfo.
Wɔato Ɔmansin Asɛnnibea no atemmufoɔ din sɛ His/Her Honor Judge Surname na wɔde wɔn frɛ wɔn wɔ Asɛnnibea sɛ Ɔtemmufoɔ. Ansa na afe 2006 reba no, na wɔfrɛ wɔn M’Awurade (A thiarna) .
Wɔto Ɔmantam Asɛnnibea no atemmufo din sɛ Ɔtemmufo Edin na wɔde wɔn frɛ wɔn wɔ Asɛnnibea sɛ Ɔtemmufo. Ansa na 1991 reba no, na wɔfrɛ saa atemmufo yi Ɔmantam Atemmufo na wɔfrɛ wɔn Mo Som (d’Onóra).
==== Italy na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Italy no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea bi temmufo a odi anim sɛ Signor presidente della corte.
=== Netherlands ===
netherlandsEdit na ɛwɔ hɔ
Wɔ Netherlands no, wɔde krataa nkutoo na ɛkyerɛ atemmufo a wodi anim wɔ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu no sɛ edelachtbare ("Wo Nidi") ma atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea a Edi Kan no mu, edelgrootachtbare ("Wo Nidi Kɛse") ma atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no ne edelhoogachtbare ( "Wo Nidi Kɛse") ma atemmufo a wɔwɔ Netherlands Bagua Kɛse no mu (Asɛnnibea Kunini).
=== Poland na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Poland no, wɔkasa kyerɛ atemmufo a wodi anim wɔ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu bere a wodi asɛm no Wysoki Sądzie ("Asɛnnibea Kunini").
==== Portugal na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Portugal no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wodi anim bere a wodi asɛm no sɛ Meretíssimo Juiz bere a ɔbarima anaa Meretíssima Juíza bere a ɔbea (a ɛkyerɛ "Ɔtemmufo a Ɔfata Sen Biara") anaasɛ Vossa Excelência ("Wo Panyin") bere a wɔankyerɛ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna.
=== Romania na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Romania no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo bere a wɔredi asɛm no sɛ Onorata Instanta (Wo Nidi).[7]
=== Russia na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Russia no, wɔde Vasha Chest (Russia: Ваша Честь, lit. ‘Wo Nidi’) di dwuma ma nsɛmmɔnedi ho nsɛm a ɔtemmufo biako pɛ na odi anim.[8] Wɔ ɔmanfoɔ, aguadi ne nsɛmmɔnedi ho nsɛm a atemmufoɔ kuo bi di anim no, address a ɛfata ne Honourable Court.[8][9][10]
==== Spain na ɛwɔ hɔ ====
Wɔ Spain no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo, atemmufo ne atemmufo sɛ "Wo Awurade" (Su Señoría); nanso, wɔ mmere a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ mu no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo sɛ "Wo Awurade a Ɔsen Biara" (Vuestra Señoría Excelentísima anaa Excelentísimo Señor/Excelentísima Señora); wɔ saa mmere a anibere wom no mu no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea nketewa no atemmufo sɛ "Wo Awurade a Ɔyɛ Nniso Sen Biara" (Vuestra Señoría Ilustrísima anaa Ilustrísimo Señor/Ilustrísima Señora); wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔnyɛ den bere nyinaa "Wo Awurade".
==== Sweden ====
Wɔ Sweden no, wɔ amanne kwan so frɛ asɛnnibea temmufo a odi anim sɛ Herr Ordförande anaa Fru Ordförande, a wɔkyerɛ ase sɛ "Owura Otitrani" ne "Madam Oguamtrani".
=== United Kingdom na ɛwɔ hɔ ===
Hwɛ nso: Address nkrataa wɔ United Kingdom § Atemmu Dwumadibea
==== England ne Wales ====
Wɔ England ne Wales Asɛnnibea ahorow mu no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo sɛ Atemmufo a wɔwɔ. Mprempren wɔde animtew kwan "Awurade" anaa "Awuraa" ma Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo a wonni asetra mu peerages.[11] Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo sɛ "M'Awurade/Awuraa" wɔ asɛnnibea. Wɔ mmara amanneɛbɔ mu no, wɔtaa frɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no Atemmufoɔ sɛ "Awurade/Awuraa N", ɛwom sɛ Nnawɔtwe Mmara Amanneɛbɔ no de nkyerɛwdeɛ a ɛwɔ din akyi "JSC" (e.g. "Lady Smith JSC") ka ho de. Wɔma Asɛnnibea no Titenani ne Ɔmampanyin Abadiakyiri no nkrataa a wɔde kyerɛw din akyi nkrataa PSC ne DPSC. Mmaranimfo anaa mmaranimfo a wɔn ho akokwaw nkutoo na wɔtaa paw wɔn sɛ atemmufo.
Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini ne Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no atemmufo (bere a wɔte saa asennibea ahorow no mu) sɛ "M'Awurade" anaa "M'Awuraa" na wɔfrɛ wɔn "W'Awurade" anaa "Wo Awuraayɛ".
Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no atemmufo a wɔsan frɛ wɔn Lords Justice of Appeal no sɛ "Awurade Ɔtemmufo N" anaa "Awuraa Ɔtemmufo N". Wɔ mmara kwan so nkyerɛwee mu no, wɔma Lords Justices of Appeal no post din nkrataa "LJ": sɛ nhwɛso no, Smith LJ.
Sɛ wɔde Asɛnnibea Kunini no Temmufo bi a onni hɔ rekɔ a, wɔka wɔn ho asɛm sɛ "Owura/Owurayere/Ms. Ɔtemmufo N." Wɔ mmara kwan so nkyerɛwee mu no, wɔde nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ din akyi "J" no kyerɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no Ɔtemmufo (ɔbarima anaa ɔbea): sɛ nhwɛso no, Smith J. Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no Awuranom sɛ "Owura". Wɔfrɛ Insolvency ne Companies Asɛnnibea atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea Kunini no mu sɛ "Ɔtemmufo".
Wɔfrɛ amansin atemmufo ne wɔn a wɔkyere nsɛm gu kasɛt so sɛ "Wo Nidi". Wɔfrɛ amansin atemmufo sɛ "Ne/Ne Nidi Ɔtemmufo N". Wɔ nkyerɛwee mu no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔtwa saa asɛmti yi tiawa sɛ "HHJ" anaa "HH Ɔtemmufo N", nanso ɛnyɛ mmara kwan so nkyerɛwee mu. Wɔfrɛ ɔmantam atemmufo ne asɛnnibea atemmufo sɛ "Sir/Madam".
Wɔtaa frɛ atemmufo sɛ "Wo Som" wɔ England fã kɛse no ara. Wɔsan nso frɛ atemmufoɔ sɛ "Sir/Madam".
ScotlandEdit na ɛyɛ fɛ
Wɔ Scotland Asɛnnibea ahorow mu no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛnnibea, Asɛnnibea Kunini a Ɛhwɛ Atɛntrenee So ne sheriff asɛnnibea ahorow no nyinaa din sɛ "M'Awurade" anaa "M'Awuraa" na wɔfrɛ wɔn "W'Awurade" anaa "Wo Awuraayɛ".
Wɔkasa kyerɛ asomdwoe asennibea ahorow no asomdwoe atɛntrenee mu atemmufo na wɔfrɛ wɔn "Wo Nidi".
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'''Ɔtemmufo''' yɛ obi a ɔhwɛ asɛnnibea nsɛm so, ɔno nkutoo anaasɛ ɔka atemmufo kuw bi ho. Ɔtemmufo tie adansefo no nyinaa ne adanse foforo biara a mmaranimfo anaa mmaranimfo a wɔwɔ asɛm no mu de ma no, ɔhwɛ sɛnea afã horow no gye di ne nsɛm a wɔka, na afei ogyina mmara no nkyerɛase ne wɔn ankasa atemmu so bu asɛm no ho gyinae. Wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ ɔtemmufo bi bedi asɛm no animhwɛ, na mpɛn pii no, ɔbɛkɔ asɛnnibea a wɔabue ano.
tumi, dwumadi, ɔkwan a wɔfa so paw atemmufo, nteɛso, ne ntetee a wɔde ma wɔn no gu ahorow kɛse wɔ tumidi ahorow mu. Wɔ aman bi mu no, wobetumi de tumi a ɔtemmufo no wɔ no akyɛ asɛnni baguafo. Wɔ nsɛmmɔnedi ho nhwehwɛmu nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde hwehwɛ nsɛm mu mu no, ebia ɔtemmufo nso bɛyɛ ɔtemmufo a ɔhwehwɛ nsɛm mu. Ɔtemmufo a odi anim no hwɛ hu sɛ asɛnnibea nsɛm nyinaa yɛ nea mmara ma ho kwan na ɛyɛ nhyehyɛe.
== Tumi ne dwumadie ==
Ɔtemmufo adwuma a etwa to ne sɛ obesiesie mmara mu akasakasa bi wɔ ɔkwan a etwa to a ɛyɛ mmara kwan so wɔ baguam so a ɛne afã horow a ɛho hia bɛyɛ adwene. Atemmufo de tumi a ɛho hia di dwuma wɔ aban mu. Wobetumi ahyɛ polisifo, asraafo anaa atemmufo mpanyimfo sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu, nkyere, afiase, nhyɛ nkurɔfo nsa, wɔmfa wɔn nkɔto afiase, wɔmfa nnye wɔn, wɔmfa wɔn nkɔ amannɔne ne nneyɛe a ɛtete saa. Nanso, atemmufo nso hwɛ so sɛ wobedi asɛnni ho nhyehyɛe ahorow akyi, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛhwɛ ma wɔayɛ ade pɛpɛɛpɛ na wɔrenhwɛ animhwɛ na wɔakwati sɛ wɔbɛyɛ biribiara a wɔpɛ. Asɛnnibea akɛse te sɛ asɛnnibea a wɔde asɛm kɔdan asɛnnibea ne asɛnnibea kunini na ɛhwɛ tumi a ɔtemmufo wɔ no mu.
Mpɛn pii no, asɛnnibea no wɔ asɛnnibea mpanyimfo atitiriw baasa a wɔatete wɔn wɔ mmara kwan so: ɔtemmufo, mmaranimfo ne mmaranimfo a ɔde ne ho gye asɛm no mu. Dwumadi a ɔtemmufo di no gu ahorow wɔ mmara nhyehyɛe ahorow mu. Wɔ nhyehyɛe a ɛsɔre tia (mmara a wɔtaa de di dwuma) mu, sɛnea ɛte wɔ U.S. ne England no, ɔtemmufo no yɛ adwuma sɛ ɔtemmufo a onni animhwɛ, titiriw no ɔhwɛ hu sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛteɛ, bere a aban mmaranimfo ne wɔn a wɔde wɔn ho gye asɛm no mu no de wɔn asɛm no kɔma asɛnni baguafo, a wɔtaa paw wɔn fi ɔman mma a wɔtaa yɛ no mu no. Nea ɔhwehwɛ nokwasɛm titiriw ne asɛnni baguafo no, na afei ɔtemmufo no bewie asotwe no. Ne nyinaa mu no, wɔ nsɛm nketenkete mu no, atemmufo betumi abu atɛn tiawa a wɔrenkɔ so anni asɛm wɔ asɛnni baguafo mu. Wɔ asɛmmisa nhyehyɛe (ɔmanfo mmara), sɛnea ɛte wɔ Europa asasepɔn no so no, asɛnni baguafo biara nni hɔ na nea ɔhwehwɛ nokwasɛm titiriw ne ɔtemmufo no, na ɔno ankasa bɛyɛ nea odi anim, abu atɛn na wabu no fɔ. Sɛnea ɛte no, wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ ɔtemmufo no de mmara no bedi dwuma tẽẽ, sɛnea ɛte wɔ Franse kasa mu asɛmfua Le juge est la bouche de la loi ("Ɔtemmufo no yɛ mmara no ano") mu no. Bio nso, wɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow bi mu no, ɔtemmufo no betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu mpo, na wayɛ adwuma sɛ ɔtemmufo a ɔhwehwɛ nneɛma mu.
Atemmufo nkutoo betumi ayɛ adwuma wɔ nsɛm nketenkete mu, nanso wɔ nsɛmmɔnedi, abusua ne nsɛm afoforo a ɛho hia mu no, wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ bagua bi mu. Wɔ ɔmanfo mmara nhyehyɛe ahorow bi mu no, ebia atemmufo a wɔnyɛ asɔfo bɛka saa kuw yi ho. Nea ɛnte sɛ atemmufo a wɔyɛ adwumaden no, wɔntete atemmufo a wɔnyɛ asɔfo wɔ mmara kwan so, nanso nea ɛnte sɛ asɛnni baguafo no, atemmufo a wɔnyɛ asɔfo taa yɛ atuhoamafo na ebia wɔde amammuisɛm paw wɔn. Mmara akyerɛwfo, referendaries ne notaries taa boa atemmufo wɔ mmara mu nsɛm mu ne bailiffs anaa nea ɛte saa a wɔwɔ ahobammɔ.
==== Ahwehwɛde ne bere a wɔahyɛ ho nhyehyɛe ====
Atemmufo a wotu wɔn ho ma ne atemmufo a wɔyɛ adwumaden nyinaa wɔ hɔ. Wɔnhwehwɛ sɛ ɔtemmufo a otu ne ho ma, te sɛ Engiresini ɔtemmufo bi nya mmara ho ntetee na wontua no ka. Esiane sɛ, wɔhwehwɛ sɛ ɔtemmufo a ɔyɛ adwumaden nya mmara ho ade; wɔ U.S. no, mpɛn pii no eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wonya Juris Doctor abodin krataa. Bio nso, mpɛn pii no, ɛho hia sɛ wonya adwumayɛ mu osuahu a ɛho hia; sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ U.S. no, wɔtaa paw atemmufo fi mmaranimfo a wɔn ho akokwaw mu. Ɔman no panyin na ɔtaa paw atemmufo. Nanso, wɔ U.S. aman bi mu no, wɔpaw atemmufo wɔ amammui mu abatow bi mu.
Wɔtaa bu animhwɛ a wonni sɛ ɛho hia ma mmara nniso. Enti, wɔ tumidi ahorow pii mu no, wobetumi apaw atemmufo nkwa nna nyinaa, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a aban mpanyimfo no rentumi nyi wɔn mfi hɔ. Nanso, wɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛnyɛ demokrase mu no, atemmufo a wɔpaw wɔn no betumi ayɛ amammuisɛm kɛse na wɔtaa nya akwankyerɛ wɔ sɛnea wobebu atɛn ho, na sɛ wɔn nneyɛe no ani nsɔ amammui akannifo no ani a, wobetumi ayi afi hɔ.
==== Bu atɛn sɛ adwuma ====
Ɛsɛ sɛ atemmufo tumi yɛ nhwehwɛmu na wɔyɛ nkrataa tenten pii, adansefo adansedi, ne nsɛm afoforo a ɛfa nsɛm ho, te nsɛm a emu yɛ den ase na wonya mmara ne mmara kwan so nhyehyɛe ho ntease a edi mũ, a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wonya nimdeɛ a ɛkyɛn so wɔ nsusuwii a ntease wom, nhwehwɛmu ne gyinaesi mu. Akyerɛw ho nimdeɛ a ɛkyɛn so nso yɛ ade a ɛho hia, esiane nkrataa a wɔakyerɛw no awiei ne tumi a ɛwɔ hɔ nti. Atemmufo ne nkurɔfo yɛ adwuma bere nyinaa; sɛnea adwuma no te no, akasakasa a wosiesie no yiye ne nnipa ntam nkitahodi ho nimdeɛ yɛ ade a ɛho hia. Wɔhwehwɛ sɛ atemmufo nya abrabɔ pa, i.e. ɛnsɛ sɛ nsɛmmɔnedi ho abakɔsɛm biara ba. Atemmufo a wɔyɛ adwumaden taa nya akatua kɛse, wɔ U.S. no, sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, atemmufo akatua yɛ $101,690 afe biara, na aban atemmufo nya $208,000–$267,000 afe biara.
== Nnoɔma ahodoɔ a ɛhyɛn wɔn nso ==
atetesɛm ahorow abɛyɛ nea ɛne dibea anaa adwuma no wɔ abusuabɔ. Atemmufo de gavel (amane kwan so hama) di dwuma wɔ aman pii mu, araa ma gavel no abɛyɛ ɔtemmufo ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Wɔ wiase mmeae pii no, atemmufo hyɛ ntade atenten (a wɔtaa yɛ tuntum anaa kɔkɔɔ) na wɔtra asɛnka agua a ɛkorɔn so bere a wɔredi asɛm no (a wonim no sɛ benkyi).
Amerika atemmufo taa hyɛ ntade tuntum. Amerika atemmufo wɔ amanne kwan so gavels, ɛwom sɛ Amerika atemmufo wɔ asɛnnibea ananmusifo anaa bailiffs ne animtiaabu a wobu asɛnnibea tumi sɛ wɔn mfiri atitiriw a wɔde kura suban pa mu wɔ asɛnnibea dan no mu de. Nanso, wɔ United States Atɔe Fam mmeae bi, te sɛ California no, na atemmufo nhyɛ ntade bere nyinaa na mmom na wɔhyɛ ntade a wɔhyɛ da biara da. Ɛnnɛ, ɔman no asennibea akɛse te sɛ Maryland Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no mufo binom hyɛ ntade soronko. Wɔ Italy ne Portugal no, atemmufo ne mmaranimfo nyinaa hyɛ ntade tuntum pɔtee bi.
Wɔ aman bi mu, titiriw wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no mu no, atemmufo hyɛ wig. Mprempren wɔde wig tenten a wɔtaa de bata atemmufo ho no asie ama amanne ahorow, ɛwom sɛ na ɛyɛ ntade a wɔtaa hyɛ wɔ mfehaha a atwam no mu no fã de. Ná wɔbɛhyɛ wig tiawa bi a ɛte sɛ mmaranimfo wig (Bench Wig) nanso ɛnyɛ nsɛ wɔ asɛnnibea. Nanso, wɔreyi saa atetesɛm yi afi hɔ nkakrankakra wɔ Britain wɔ asɛnnibea ahorow a ɛnyɛ nsɛmmɔnedi mu.[3]
Wɔ Oman no, ɔtemmufo no hyɛ nsensanee tenten (kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono fitaa), bere a mmaranimfo no hyɛ atade tuntum no.
Wɔ Portugal ne kan Portugal Ahemman no mu no, na atemmufo no de poma bi a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ ma atemmufo mpapahwekwa na ɛyɛ fitaa ma atemmufo no fi akyi.
== Asɛmti ne address ahorow ==
Sua pii
Saa ɔfã yi hia nsɛm foforo a wɔafa aka de akyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nokware. (Ɔpɛpɔn 2021)
==== Asia ====
=== Hong Kong na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Hong Kong no, wɔde Borɔfo anaa Hong Kong Cantonese (Ye China kasa bi) di asɛnnibea nsɛm. Hong Kong atemmufo kura Engiresifo atetesɛm ahorow pii te sɛ wig ne ntade a wɔhyɛ wɔ asɛnnibea ahorow mu.
Wɔ asɛnnibea nketewa no mu no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo sɛ Wo som, na wɔfrɛ ɔmantam asɛnnibea atemmufo sɛ Wo Nidi.
Wɔ asɛnnibea akɛse a ɛwɔ kyerɛwtohɔ mu, a ɛne Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea a Etwa To ne Asɛnnibea Kunini (a Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea ne Asɛnnibea a Edi Kan na ɛwom) no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo sɛ M’Awurade anaa M’Awuraa na wɔfrɛ wɔn W’Awurade anaa Wo de Ladyship, a edi Engiresifo atetesɛm akyi.
Wɔ nkyerɛwee mu no, wɔde nkrataa a ɛwɔ din akyi PJ no di dwuma de kyerɛ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no temmufo a ɔtra hɔ daa ne NPJ de kɔma ɔtemmufo a ɔnyɛ daa. Wɔ Asɛnnibea Kunini no mu no, wɔde asɛmfua tiawa JA di dwuma de kyerɛ ɔtemmufo a ɔde asɛm no kɔdan asɛnnibea, na nkyerɛwde J no kyerɛ Asɛnnibea a Edi Kan no temmufo bi.
Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no Awuranom sɛ Owura.
Sɛ wɔyɛ asɛnni wɔ China kasa mu a, na wɔka atemmufo ho asɛm, wɔ Canton kasa mu, sɛ Fat Goon Dai Yan (Hong Kong Cantonese: 法官大人, romanized: faat3 gun1 daai6 jan4, lit. ‘Ɔtemmufo, wo wurayɛ’) ansa na wɔde tumidi no afi hɔ United Kingdom kɔ China, ne sɛ Fat Goon Gok Ha (Hong Kong Cantonese: 法官閣下, romanized: faat3 gun1 gok3 haa6, lit. ‘Ɔtemmufo, wo nidi’) fi 1997. Fat Goon (Hong Kong Cantonese: 法官, romanized: faat gun1, lit. 'Ɔtemmufo') kyerɛ asɛmfua "ɔtemmufo".
=== India ===
wɔ India no, na wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini ne Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo sɛ Wo Awurade anaa M’Awurade ne W’Awuraa anaa Me Awuraa, atetesɛm a wotumi ka sɛ efi England tẽẽ. Na Bar Council of India no agye gyinaesi bi atom wɔ April 2006 mu na wɔde Mmara foforo 49(1)(j) aka ho wɔ Advocates Act no mu. Sɛnea mmara no kyerɛ no, mmaranimfo betumi afrɛ asɛnnibea no sɛ Wo Nidi na wɔafrɛ no Nidi Asɛnnibea. Sɛ ɛyɛ asɛnnibea a ɛhyɛ ase a, mmaranimfoɔ bɛtumi de nsɛmfua te sɛ sir anaa kasasin biara a ɛne no sɛ adi dwuma wɔ ɔmantam kasa a ɛfa ho no mu. Bere a wɔrekyerɛkyerɛ ntease a ɛwɔ adeyɛ no akyi no, na Bar Council no aka sɛ nsɛmfua te sɛ M'Awurade ne W'Awurade no yɛ "atubrafo bere a atwam no nkaedum". Efi saa bere no, wɔde gyinaesi no akɔma ɔman no bagua ahorow nyinaa ne Asɛnnibea Kunini no ma wɔagye atom nanso bɛboro mfe anum mprempren no, gyinaesi no kɔɔ so traa krataa so kɛse.
Nanso, wɔ adeyɛ bi a ebi mmae da wɔ October 2009 mu no, na Madras HC atemmufo no mu biako, Ɔtemmufo K Chandru abara mmaranimfo sɛ wɔmfrɛ n’asɛnnibea sɛ M’Awurade ne Wo Awurade.
==== Israel ====
Wɔ Israel no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea ahorow nyinaa atemmufo (Hebri: שופט, romanized: shofét, lit. ‘ɔtemmufo’) sɛ Owura, Madam (Hebri: אדוני/גבירתי, romanized: adoni/geverti) anaa Wo Nidi (Hebri : ɔבודו/כבודה, wɔde nkyerɛwde a ɛyɛ roman: kevodo/kevoda). Mpɛn pii no, edin biara akyi no wobɛte haShofét, a ɛkyerɛ "ɔtemmufo no" wɔ address a ɛfa ho no akyi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Wo Nidi Ɔtemmufo no bɛyɛ כבוד השופט (kevod haShofét).
==== Malaysia na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Malaysia no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea ahorow a ɛwɔ ase no atemmufo sɛ Tuan anaa Puan ("Owura", "Awuraa"), anaa Wo Nidi. Wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea akɛse no atemmufo sɛ Yang Arif (lit. ‘Osuaafo’) anaa M’Awurade, M’Awuraa, ne nea ɛkeka ho; ne Wo Awurade anaa Me Awuraa sɛ nsɛm no, sɛnea ɛtaa yɛ wɔ asɛnnibea akɛse no mu no, yɛ Borɔfo kasa mu a.
=== Pakistan na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Pakistan no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo ne asɛnnibea akɛse no sɛ Wo Awurade anaa M’Awurade anaa Awurade ne Wo Awuraa anaa M’Awuraa, atetesɛm a wobetumi aka sɛ efi England tẽẽ. Wɔsɔre tia eyi bi wɔ nyamesom mu nanso nea ɛboro so anaa kakraa bi no kɔ so de besi nnɛ. Wɔ asɛnnibea nketewa mu no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo sɛ owura, ɔbea anaa Urdu kasa a ɛne no sɛ Janab anaa Ɔtemmufo Sahab.
==== Sri Lankana ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Sri Lanka no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea dodow no ara atemmufo sɛ Wo Nidi, nanso wɔfrɛ Ɔtemmufo Panyin no sɛ Wo Awurade. Asɛnnibea Kunini ne Asɛnnibea a Wɔde Nsɛm Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no atemmufo nya abodin The Honourable.[citation needed]
==== Vietnam ====
Wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ Vietnam no Quý tòa (nea ɛkyerɛ ankasa ne "Asɛnnibea a Nidi wom").
=== Europa ===
==== bulgaria na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Bulgaria ansa na 1989 reba wɔ komunism nniso no mu no, na wɔfrɛ atemmufo sɛ drugarju (Bulgaria kasa: другарю, lit. ‘ɔyɔnko’). Wɔ 1989 akyi no, gospodín sŭdiya (Bulgaria kasa: господин съдия, a wɔakyerɛ ase ‘ɔtemmufo wura’) anaa gospožo sŭdiya (Bulgaria kasa mu: госпожо съдия, a wɔakyerɛ ase ‘madam ɔtemmufo’).
==== Finland ====
Ɔkwan titiriw biara nni hɔ a wɔfa so kasa; animtew a ɛyɛ ɔkwan biara so no dɔɔso na adeyɛ no nni amanne a ɛyɛ ahintasɛm. Nea ɛne eyi hyia no, wɔfrɛ bagua no guamtrani no sɛ herra/rouva puheenjohtaja ("Owura/Ms. Oguamtrani"). Finland atemmufo de gavel di dwuma, nanso wɔmfa ntade anaa ntade biara nni dwuma wɔ Finland asennibea biara mu.[5]
Wɔ ɔmantam asennibea (käräjäoikeus) mu no, atemmufo mpapahwekwa de abodin käräjätuomari na ɛyɛ adwuma na oguamtrani no yɛ laamanni (mmarahyɛfo). Wɔn a wɔboa wɔn ne notaries (notaari), assessors (asessori) ne referendaries (viskaali) a ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a ebia wobedi nhyiam ahorow anim. Wɔ asɛnnibea ahorow a wɔde asɛm kɔdan asɛnnibea (hovioikeus) mu no, ɔtemmufo a ɔyɛ ɔkwasea wɔ abodin hovioikeudenneuvos, ɔfã bi guamtrani ne hovioikeudenlaamanni na ɔmampanyin di asɛnnibea no anim. Wɔ Asɛnnibea Kunini no mu no, wɔto atemmufo din oikeusneuvos na ɔmampanyin bi na odi asɛnnibea no anim.
==== France na ɛwɔ hɔ ====
Wɔ France no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea bi temmufo a odi anim no Monsieur le président anaa Madame le président, bere a wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔka ho no Monsieur l’Assesseur anaa Madame l’Assesseur. Sɛ wofi asennibea hɔ a, wɔfrɛ atemmufo Monsieur le juge anaa Madame le juge.
=== Germany na ɛwɔ hɔ ===
Wɔ Germany no, wɔfrɛ atemmufoɔ sɛ Herr Vorsitzender anaa Frau Vorsitzende, a wɔkyerɛ aseɛ sɛ "Owura Otitrani" ne "Madam Oguamtrani", anaasɛ Hohes Gericht, a wɔkyerɛ aseɛ sɛ "Asɛnnibea Kunini".
==== Hungary na ɛwɔ hɔ ====
Wɔfrɛ ɔbarima temmufo a ɔhwɛ asɛnnibea bi anim sɛ tisztelt bíró úr, a ɛkyerɛ "Owura Ɔtemmufo a Ɔwɔ Nidi" na wɔfrɛ ɔbea ɔtemmufo a odi anim sɛ tisztelt bírónő, a ɛkyerɛ "Owurayere Ɔtemmufo a Ɔwɔ Nidi Wobetumi afrɛ asɛnnibea no sɛ kuw no sɛ tisztelt bíróság, a ɛkyerɛ "Asɛnnibea a Nidi wom".
==== Ireland na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔto Asɛnnibea Kunini, Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea, anaa Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo din wɔ aban kwan so sɛ The Honorable Mr/Mrs/Ms/Miss Justice Surname (Irish: An Breitheamh Onórach Uasal [abusuadin]), na wɔfrɛ wɔn wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ ɔkwan pa so tiawa sɛ Mr/Mrs/ . Ms/Miss Atemmufo Edin. Wɔ asɛnnibea no, wɔde wɔn abodin anaa ɔkwan a wɔfa so frɛ wɔn, sɛ Asɛnnibea (An Chúirt), anaasɛ Ɔtemmufo (A Bhreithimh) kɛkɛ.[6] Wɔ mmara amanneɛbɔ mu no, Ireland Ɔtemmufo Panyin no wɔ postnominal CJ, Asɛnnibea afoforo no Titenani wɔ postnominal P, na atemmufo afoforo nyinaa J, s.e. Smith J. a ɔyɛ ɔkyerɛwfo.
Wɔato Ɔmansin Asɛnnibea no atemmufoɔ din sɛ His/Her Honor Judge Surname na wɔde wɔn frɛ wɔn wɔ Asɛnnibea sɛ Ɔtemmufoɔ. Ansa na afe 2006 reba no, na wɔfrɛ wɔn M’Awurade (A thiarna) .
Wɔto Ɔmantam Asɛnnibea no atemmufo din sɛ Ɔtemmufo Edin na wɔde wɔn frɛ wɔn wɔ Asɛnnibea sɛ Ɔtemmufo. Ansa na 1991 reba no, na wɔfrɛ saa atemmufo yi Ɔmantam Atemmufo na wɔfrɛ wɔn Mo Som (d’Onóra).
==== Italy na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Italy no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea bi temmufo a odi anim sɛ Signor presidente della corte.
=== Netherlands ===
netherlandsEdit na ɛwɔ hɔ
Wɔ Netherlands no, wɔde krataa nkutoo na ɛkyerɛ atemmufo a wodi anim wɔ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu no sɛ edelachtbare ("Wo Nidi") ma atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea a Edi Kan no mu, edelgrootachtbare ("Wo Nidi Kɛse") ma atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no ne edelhoogachtbare ( "Wo Nidi Kɛse") ma atemmufo a wɔwɔ Netherlands Bagua Kɛse no mu (Asɛnnibea Kunini).
=== Poland na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Poland no, wɔkasa kyerɛ atemmufo a wodi anim wɔ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu bere a wodi asɛm no Wysoki Sądzie ("Asɛnnibea Kunini").
==== Portugal na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Portugal no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wodi anim bere a wodi asɛm no sɛ Meretíssimo Juiz bere a ɔbarima anaa Meretíssima Juíza bere a ɔbea (a ɛkyerɛ "Ɔtemmufo a Ɔfata Sen Biara") anaasɛ Vossa Excelência ("Wo Panyin") bere a wɔankyerɛ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna.
=== Romania na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Romania no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo bere a wɔredi asɛm no sɛ Onorata Instanta (Wo Nidi).[7]
=== Russia na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Russia no, wɔde Vasha Chest (Russia: Ваша Честь, lit. ‘Wo Nidi’) di dwuma ma nsɛmmɔnedi ho nsɛm a ɔtemmufo biako pɛ na odi anim.[8] Wɔ ɔmanfoɔ, aguadi ne nsɛmmɔnedi ho nsɛm a atemmufoɔ kuo bi di anim no, address a ɛfata ne Honourable Court.[8][9][10]
==== Spain na ɛwɔ hɔ ====
Wɔ Spain no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo, atemmufo ne atemmufo sɛ "Wo Awurade" (Su Señoría); nanso, wɔ mmere a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ mu no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo sɛ "Wo Awurade a Ɔsen Biara" (Vuestra Señoría Excelentísima anaa Excelentísimo Señor/Excelentísima Señora); wɔ saa mmere a anibere wom no mu no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea nketewa no atemmufo sɛ "Wo Awurade a Ɔyɛ Nniso Sen Biara" (Vuestra Señoría Ilustrísima anaa Ilustrísimo Señor/Ilustrísima Señora); wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔnyɛ den bere nyinaa "Wo Awurade".
==== Sweden ====
Wɔ Sweden no, wɔ amanne kwan so frɛ asɛnnibea temmufo a odi anim sɛ Herr Ordförande anaa Fru Ordförande, a wɔkyerɛ ase sɛ "Owura Otitrani" ne "Madam Oguamtrani".
=== United Kingdom na ɛwɔ hɔ ===
Hwɛ nso: Address nkrataa wɔ United Kingdom § Atemmu Dwumadibea
==== England ne Wales ====
Wɔ England ne Wales Asɛnnibea ahorow mu no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo sɛ Atemmufo a wɔwɔ. Mprempren wɔde animtew kwan "Awurade" anaa "Awuraa" ma Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo a wonni asetra mu peerages.[11] Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo sɛ "M'Awurade/Awuraa" wɔ asɛnnibea. Wɔ mmara amanneɛbɔ mu no, wɔtaa frɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no Atemmufoɔ sɛ "Awurade/Awuraa N", ɛwom sɛ Nnawɔtwe Mmara Amanneɛbɔ no de nkyerɛwdeɛ a ɛwɔ din akyi "JSC" (e.g. "Lady Smith JSC") ka ho de. Wɔma Asɛnnibea no Titenani ne Ɔmampanyin Abadiakyiri no nkrataa a wɔde kyerɛw din akyi nkrataa PSC ne DPSC. Mmaranimfo anaa mmaranimfo a wɔn ho akokwaw nkutoo na wɔtaa paw wɔn sɛ atemmufo.
Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini ne Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no atemmufo (bere a wɔte saa asennibea ahorow no mu) sɛ "M'Awurade" anaa "M'Awuraa" na wɔfrɛ wɔn "W'Awurade" anaa "Wo Awuraayɛ".
Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no atemmufo a wɔsan frɛ wɔn Lords Justice of Appeal no sɛ "Awurade Ɔtemmufo N" anaa "Awuraa Ɔtemmufo N". Wɔ mmara kwan so nkyerɛwee mu no, wɔma Lords Justices of Appeal no post din nkrataa "LJ": sɛ nhwɛso no, Smith LJ.
Sɛ wɔde Asɛnnibea Kunini no Temmufo bi a onni hɔ rekɔ a, wɔka wɔn ho asɛm sɛ "Owura/Owurayere/Ms. Ɔtemmufo N." Wɔ mmara kwan so nkyerɛwee mu no, wɔde nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ din akyi "J" no kyerɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no Ɔtemmufo (ɔbarima anaa ɔbea): sɛ nhwɛso no, Smith J. Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no Awuranom sɛ "Owura". Wɔfrɛ Insolvency ne Companies Asɛnnibea atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea Kunini no mu sɛ "Ɔtemmufo".
Wɔfrɛ amansin atemmufo ne wɔn a wɔkyere nsɛm gu kasɛt so sɛ "Wo Nidi". Wɔfrɛ amansin atemmufo sɛ "Ne/Ne Nidi Ɔtemmufo N". Wɔ nkyerɛwee mu no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔtwa saa asɛmti yi tiawa sɛ "HHJ" anaa "HH Ɔtemmufo N", nanso ɛnyɛ mmara kwan so nkyerɛwee mu. Wɔfrɛ ɔmantam atemmufo ne asɛnnibea atemmufo sɛ "Sir/Madam".
Wɔtaa frɛ atemmufo sɛ "Wo Som" wɔ England fã kɛse no ara. Wɔsan nso frɛ atemmufoɔ sɛ "Sir/Madam".
==== Scotland na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Scotland Asɛnnibea ahorow mu no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛnnibea, Asɛnnibea Kunini a Ɛhwɛ Atɛntrenee So ne sheriff asɛnnibea ahorow no nyinaa din sɛ "M'Awurade" anaa "M'Awuraa" na wɔfrɛ wɔn "W'Awurade" anaa "Wo Awuraayɛ".
Wɔkasa kyerɛ asomdwoe asennibea ahorow no asomdwoe atɛntrenee mu atemmufo na wɔfrɛ wɔn "Wo Nidi".
=== Ireland atifi fam ===
Ireland Atifi fam atemmu nhyehyɛe no te sɛ England ne Wales de no ara pɛ, na wɔde asɛnnibea a ɛkorɔn atemmufo di nsɛm sɛnea wɔyɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ England ne Wales no. Nanso, nsonsonoe kakraa bi wɔ hɔ wɔ gyinabea ahorow a ɛba fam no mu.
Wɔ Northern Ireland no, nea ɛne ɔmansin temmufo yɛ pɛ ne ɔmantam asennibea temmufo, na wɔka wɔn kasa na wɔde wɔn din to wɔn so sɛnea ɔmansin temmufo te wɔ England ne Wales no. Ɔmantam asennibea atemmufo mpanyimfo a wɔde wɔn ahyɛ Belfast ne Derry mantam asɛnnibea nkyekyem ahorow mu no wɔ abodin ahorow a ɛne Recorder of Belfast ne Recorder of Londonderry (anaa Derry), nanso wɔde wɔn kasa no sɛnea ɔmantam asennibea atemmufo afoforo kasa no. Wɔfrɛ ɔmantam temmufo bi a ɔte Mantam Asɛnnibea no sɛ "Wo Nidi".
Wɔfrɛ ɔmantam temmufo (atemmufo asɛnnibea) sɛ "Wo Som". Ɔtemmufo a ɔnyɛ ɔsɔfo, wɔ nsɛm a ɛwɔ hɔ no mu no, wɔsan frɛ no "Wo Som", na obetumi de din akyi nsɛm "LM" adi dwuma, s.e. "John Smith L. M.".[12] Nsɛm a Wɔka Kyerɛ
==== Amerika Atifi fam ====
==== Canada na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Mpɛn pii no, wobetumi afrɛ Canada atemmufo tẽẽ, a egyina ɔmantam no so, sɛ "M'Awurade", "M'Awuraa", "Wo Nidi" anaa "Atɛntrenee" na wɔfrɛ wɔn wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so wɔ onipa a ɔto so abiɛsa no mu sɛ "Owura a Ɔwɔ Nidi no ( anaasɛ Madam) Ɔtemmufo 'Forename Surname'". Wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ mmara kwan so no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea Kunini bi mu sɛ "Ɔtemmufo 'Abusua Edin'", na ɛnyɛ "Ɔtemmufo 'Abusua Edin.'" Sɛ wɔka ho asɛm wɔ asɛnnibea bi gyinaesi mu a, wɔtaa twa atemmufo abodin ahorow no tiaa de akyi "J. ", sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛfrɛ Ɔtemmufo Smith sɛ Smith J. Wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ asɛnnibea akɛse bi mu sɛ "M'Awurade" anaa "M'Awuraa".[13] Wɔ Ontario no, wɔntaa nka atemmufoɔ ho asɛm sɛ "M'Awurade" anaa "Me Awuraa", na mmom "Wo Nidi" nko ara wɔ Ontario Asɛnnibea Kunini no mu.[14] Kane no, na wɔde saa abodin ahorow yi nkyerɛase te sɛ Votre Honneur ("wo nidi") anaa Votre Seigneurie ("wo wurayɛ") di dwuma wɔ Franse kasa mu; ɛnnɛ, Monsieur le juge ne Madame la juge nkutoo na wɔde di dwuma wɔ aban kwan so. Wɔkyerɛ abodin "temmufo" ne "atɛntrenee" abien no nyinaa ase sɛ ɔtemmufo.
Mpɛn pii no, ɛfata sɛ wode asɛmfua "ɔtemmufo" bedi dwuma bere a woreka gyinabea bi a wɔammɔ ne din anaa nea ɛwɔ hɔ nyinaa ho asɛm, te sɛ "ɔtemmufo a odi asɛm no", anaasɛ bere a woreka asɛnnibea a ɛba fam anaa ɔmantam asɛnnibea te sɛ Ontario Asɛnnibea no muni bi ho asɛm nkutoo. Nea ɛka ho ne Ɔman Ba Atemmufo a wɔfrɛ wɔn "Ɔtemmufo 'Edin'" nkutoo sɛnea wɔpaw wɔn sɛ Ɔman Bagua no gyinaesifo a wɔde wɔn ho no.
Te sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no mufo afoforo no, wɔfrɛ asomdwoe temmufo sɛ "Wo Som", na wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini bi Owura "Owura". Ɛde besi December 7, 2018 no, wɔde Ontario Asɛnnibea Awuranom frɛ wɔn wɔ Borɔfo kasa mu sɛ "Wo Nidi" na wɔ Franse kasa mu sɛ "Votre Honneur" na ɛnyɛ "Owura" bio.
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'''Ɔtemmufo''' yɛ obi a ɔhwɛ asɛnnibea nsɛm so, ɔno nkutoo anaasɛ ɔka atemmufo kuw bi ho. Ɔtemmufo tie adansefo no nyinaa ne adanse foforo biara a mmaranimfo anaa mmaranimfo a wɔwɔ asɛm no mu de ma no, ɔhwɛ sɛnea afã horow no gye di ne nsɛm a wɔka, na afei ogyina mmara no nkyerɛase ne wɔn ankasa atemmu so bu asɛm no ho gyinae. Wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ ɔtemmufo bi bedi asɛm no animhwɛ, na mpɛn pii no, ɔbɛkɔ asɛnnibea a wɔabue ano.
tumi, dwumadi, ɔkwan a wɔfa so paw atemmufo, nteɛso, ne ntetee a wɔde ma wɔn no gu ahorow kɛse wɔ tumidi ahorow mu. Wɔ aman bi mu no, wobetumi de tumi a ɔtemmufo no wɔ no akyɛ asɛnni baguafo. Wɔ nsɛmmɔnedi ho nhwehwɛmu nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde hwehwɛ nsɛm mu mu no, ebia ɔtemmufo nso bɛyɛ ɔtemmufo a ɔhwehwɛ nsɛm mu. Ɔtemmufo a odi anim no hwɛ hu sɛ asɛnnibea nsɛm nyinaa yɛ nea mmara ma ho kwan na ɛyɛ nhyehyɛe.
== Tumi ne dwumadie ==
Ɔtemmufo adwuma a etwa to ne sɛ obesiesie mmara mu akasakasa bi wɔ ɔkwan a etwa to a ɛyɛ mmara kwan so wɔ baguam so a ɛne afã horow a ɛho hia bɛyɛ adwene. Atemmufo de tumi a ɛho hia di dwuma wɔ aban mu. Wobetumi ahyɛ polisifo, asraafo anaa atemmufo mpanyimfo sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu, nkyere, afiase, nhyɛ nkurɔfo nsa, wɔmfa wɔn nkɔto afiase, wɔmfa nnye wɔn, wɔmfa wɔn nkɔ amannɔne ne nneyɛe a ɛtete saa. Nanso, atemmufo nso hwɛ so sɛ wobedi asɛnni ho nhyehyɛe ahorow akyi, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛhwɛ ma wɔayɛ ade pɛpɛɛpɛ na wɔrenhwɛ animhwɛ na wɔakwati sɛ wɔbɛyɛ biribiara a wɔpɛ. Asɛnnibea akɛse te sɛ asɛnnibea a wɔde asɛm kɔdan asɛnnibea ne asɛnnibea kunini na ɛhwɛ tumi a ɔtemmufo wɔ no mu.
Mpɛn pii no, asɛnnibea no wɔ asɛnnibea mpanyimfo atitiriw baasa a wɔatete wɔn wɔ mmara kwan so: ɔtemmufo, mmaranimfo ne mmaranimfo a ɔde ne ho gye asɛm no mu. Dwumadi a ɔtemmufo di no gu ahorow wɔ mmara nhyehyɛe ahorow mu. Wɔ nhyehyɛe a ɛsɔre tia (mmara a wɔtaa de di dwuma) mu, sɛnea ɛte wɔ U.S. ne England no, ɔtemmufo no yɛ adwuma sɛ ɔtemmufo a onni animhwɛ, titiriw no ɔhwɛ hu sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛteɛ, bere a aban mmaranimfo ne wɔn a wɔde wɔn ho gye asɛm no mu no de wɔn asɛm no kɔma asɛnni baguafo, a wɔtaa paw wɔn fi ɔman mma a wɔtaa yɛ no mu no. Nea ɔhwehwɛ nokwasɛm titiriw ne asɛnni baguafo no, na afei ɔtemmufo no bewie asotwe no. Ne nyinaa mu no, wɔ nsɛm nketenkete mu no, atemmufo betumi abu atɛn tiawa a wɔrenkɔ so anni asɛm wɔ asɛnni baguafo mu. Wɔ asɛmmisa nhyehyɛe (ɔmanfo mmara), sɛnea ɛte wɔ Europa asasepɔn no so no, asɛnni baguafo biara nni hɔ na nea ɔhwehwɛ nokwasɛm titiriw ne ɔtemmufo no, na ɔno ankasa bɛyɛ nea odi anim, abu atɛn na wabu no fɔ. Sɛnea ɛte no, wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ ɔtemmufo no de mmara no bedi dwuma tẽẽ, sɛnea ɛte wɔ Franse kasa mu asɛmfua Le juge est la bouche de la loi ("Ɔtemmufo no yɛ mmara no ano") mu no. Bio nso, wɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow bi mu no, ɔtemmufo no betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu mpo, na wayɛ adwuma sɛ ɔtemmufo a ɔhwehwɛ nneɛma mu.
Atemmufo nkutoo betumi ayɛ adwuma wɔ nsɛm nketenkete mu, nanso wɔ nsɛmmɔnedi, abusua ne nsɛm afoforo a ɛho hia mu no, wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ bagua bi mu. Wɔ ɔmanfo mmara nhyehyɛe ahorow bi mu no, ebia atemmufo a wɔnyɛ asɔfo bɛka saa kuw yi ho. Nea ɛnte sɛ atemmufo a wɔyɛ adwumaden no, wɔntete atemmufo a wɔnyɛ asɔfo wɔ mmara kwan so, nanso nea ɛnte sɛ asɛnni baguafo no, atemmufo a wɔnyɛ asɔfo taa yɛ atuhoamafo na ebia wɔde amammuisɛm paw wɔn. Mmara akyerɛwfo, referendaries ne notaries taa boa atemmufo wɔ mmara mu nsɛm mu ne bailiffs anaa nea ɛte saa a wɔwɔ ahobammɔ.
==== Ahwehwɛde ne bere a wɔahyɛ ho nhyehyɛe ====
Atemmufo a wotu wɔn ho ma ne atemmufo a wɔyɛ adwumaden nyinaa wɔ hɔ. Wɔnhwehwɛ sɛ ɔtemmufo a otu ne ho ma, te sɛ Engiresini ɔtemmufo bi nya mmara ho ntetee na wontua no ka. Esiane sɛ, wɔhwehwɛ sɛ ɔtemmufo a ɔyɛ adwumaden nya mmara ho ade; wɔ U.S. no, mpɛn pii no eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wonya Juris Doctor abodin krataa. Bio nso, mpɛn pii no, ɛho hia sɛ wonya adwumayɛ mu osuahu a ɛho hia; sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ U.S. no, wɔtaa paw atemmufo fi mmaranimfo a wɔn ho akokwaw mu. Ɔman no panyin na ɔtaa paw atemmufo. Nanso, wɔ U.S. aman bi mu no, wɔpaw atemmufo wɔ amammui mu abatow bi mu.
Wɔtaa bu animhwɛ a wonni sɛ ɛho hia ma mmara nniso. Enti, wɔ tumidi ahorow pii mu no, wobetumi apaw atemmufo nkwa nna nyinaa, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a aban mpanyimfo no rentumi nyi wɔn mfi hɔ. Nanso, wɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛnyɛ demokrase mu no, atemmufo a wɔpaw wɔn no betumi ayɛ amammuisɛm kɛse na wɔtaa nya akwankyerɛ wɔ sɛnea wobebu atɛn ho, na sɛ wɔn nneyɛe no ani nsɔ amammui akannifo no ani a, wobetumi ayi afi hɔ.
==== Bu atɛn sɛ adwuma ====
Ɛsɛ sɛ atemmufo tumi yɛ nhwehwɛmu na wɔyɛ nkrataa tenten pii, adansefo adansedi, ne nsɛm afoforo a ɛfa nsɛm ho, te nsɛm a emu yɛ den ase na wonya mmara ne mmara kwan so nhyehyɛe ho ntease a edi mũ, a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wonya nimdeɛ a ɛkyɛn so wɔ nsusuwii a ntease wom, nhwehwɛmu ne gyinaesi mu. Akyerɛw ho nimdeɛ a ɛkyɛn so nso yɛ ade a ɛho hia, esiane nkrataa a wɔakyerɛw no awiei ne tumi a ɛwɔ hɔ nti. Atemmufo ne nkurɔfo yɛ adwuma bere nyinaa; sɛnea adwuma no te no, akasakasa a wosiesie no yiye ne nnipa ntam nkitahodi ho nimdeɛ yɛ ade a ɛho hia. Wɔhwehwɛ sɛ atemmufo nya abrabɔ pa, i.e. ɛnsɛ sɛ nsɛmmɔnedi ho abakɔsɛm biara ba. Atemmufo a wɔyɛ adwumaden taa nya akatua kɛse, wɔ U.S. no, sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, atemmufo akatua yɛ $101,690 afe biara, na aban atemmufo nya $208,000–$267,000 afe biara.
== Nnoɔma ahodoɔ a ɛhyɛn wɔn nso ==
atetesɛm ahorow abɛyɛ nea ɛne dibea anaa adwuma no wɔ abusuabɔ. Atemmufo de gavel (amane kwan so hama) di dwuma wɔ aman pii mu, araa ma gavel no abɛyɛ ɔtemmufo ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Wɔ wiase mmeae pii no, atemmufo hyɛ ntade atenten (a wɔtaa yɛ tuntum anaa kɔkɔɔ) na wɔtra asɛnka agua a ɛkorɔn so bere a wɔredi asɛm no (a wonim no sɛ benkyi).
Amerika atemmufo taa hyɛ ntade tuntum. Amerika atemmufo wɔ amanne kwan so gavels, ɛwom sɛ Amerika atemmufo wɔ asɛnnibea ananmusifo anaa bailiffs ne animtiaabu a wobu asɛnnibea tumi sɛ wɔn mfiri atitiriw a wɔde kura suban pa mu wɔ asɛnnibea dan no mu de. Nanso, wɔ United States Atɔe Fam mmeae bi, te sɛ California no, na atemmufo nhyɛ ntade bere nyinaa na mmom na wɔhyɛ ntade a wɔhyɛ da biara da. Ɛnnɛ, ɔman no asennibea akɛse te sɛ Maryland Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no mufo binom hyɛ ntade soronko. Wɔ Italy ne Portugal no, atemmufo ne mmaranimfo nyinaa hyɛ ntade tuntum pɔtee bi.
Wɔ aman bi mu, titiriw wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no mu no, atemmufo hyɛ wig. Mprempren wɔde wig tenten a wɔtaa de bata atemmufo ho no asie ama amanne ahorow, ɛwom sɛ na ɛyɛ ntade a wɔtaa hyɛ wɔ mfehaha a atwam no mu no fã de. Ná wɔbɛhyɛ wig tiawa bi a ɛte sɛ mmaranimfo wig (Bench Wig) nanso ɛnyɛ nsɛ wɔ asɛnnibea. Nanso, wɔreyi saa atetesɛm yi afi hɔ nkakrankakra wɔ Britain wɔ asɛnnibea ahorow a ɛnyɛ nsɛmmɔnedi mu.[3]
Wɔ Oman no, ɔtemmufo no hyɛ nsensanee tenten (kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono fitaa), bere a mmaranimfo no hyɛ atade tuntum no.
Wɔ Portugal ne kan Portugal Ahemman no mu no, na atemmufo no de poma bi a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ ma atemmufo mpapahwekwa na ɛyɛ fitaa ma atemmufo no fi akyi.
== Asɛmti ne address ahorow ==
Sua pii
Saa ɔfã yi hia nsɛm foforo a wɔafa aka de akyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nokware. (Ɔpɛpɔn 2021)
==== Asia ====
=== Hong Kong na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Hong Kong no, wɔde Borɔfo anaa Hong Kong Cantonese (Ye China kasa bi) di asɛnnibea nsɛm. Hong Kong atemmufo kura Engiresifo atetesɛm ahorow pii te sɛ wig ne ntade a wɔhyɛ wɔ asɛnnibea ahorow mu.
Wɔ asɛnnibea nketewa no mu no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo sɛ Wo som, na wɔfrɛ ɔmantam asɛnnibea atemmufo sɛ Wo Nidi.
Wɔ asɛnnibea akɛse a ɛwɔ kyerɛwtohɔ mu, a ɛne Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea a Etwa To ne Asɛnnibea Kunini (a Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea ne Asɛnnibea a Edi Kan na ɛwom) no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo sɛ M’Awurade anaa M’Awuraa na wɔfrɛ wɔn W’Awurade anaa Wo de Ladyship, a edi Engiresifo atetesɛm akyi.
Wɔ nkyerɛwee mu no, wɔde nkrataa a ɛwɔ din akyi PJ no di dwuma de kyerɛ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no temmufo a ɔtra hɔ daa ne NPJ de kɔma ɔtemmufo a ɔnyɛ daa. Wɔ Asɛnnibea Kunini no mu no, wɔde asɛmfua tiawa JA di dwuma de kyerɛ ɔtemmufo a ɔde asɛm no kɔdan asɛnnibea, na nkyerɛwde J no kyerɛ Asɛnnibea a Edi Kan no temmufo bi.
Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no Awuranom sɛ Owura.
Sɛ wɔyɛ asɛnni wɔ China kasa mu a, na wɔka atemmufo ho asɛm, wɔ Canton kasa mu, sɛ Fat Goon Dai Yan (Hong Kong Cantonese: 法官大人, romanized: faat3 gun1 daai6 jan4, lit. ‘Ɔtemmufo, wo wurayɛ’) ansa na wɔde tumidi no afi hɔ United Kingdom kɔ China, ne sɛ Fat Goon Gok Ha (Hong Kong Cantonese: 法官閣下, romanized: faat3 gun1 gok3 haa6, lit. ‘Ɔtemmufo, wo nidi’) fi 1997. Fat Goon (Hong Kong Cantonese: 法官, romanized: faat gun1, lit. 'Ɔtemmufo') kyerɛ asɛmfua "ɔtemmufo".
=== India ===
wɔ India no, na wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini ne Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo sɛ Wo Awurade anaa M’Awurade ne W’Awuraa anaa Me Awuraa, atetesɛm a wotumi ka sɛ efi England tẽẽ. Na Bar Council of India no agye gyinaesi bi atom wɔ April 2006 mu na wɔde Mmara foforo 49(1)(j) aka ho wɔ Advocates Act no mu. Sɛnea mmara no kyerɛ no, mmaranimfo betumi afrɛ asɛnnibea no sɛ Wo Nidi na wɔafrɛ no Nidi Asɛnnibea. Sɛ ɛyɛ asɛnnibea a ɛhyɛ ase a, mmaranimfoɔ bɛtumi de nsɛmfua te sɛ sir anaa kasasin biara a ɛne no sɛ adi dwuma wɔ ɔmantam kasa a ɛfa ho no mu. Bere a wɔrekyerɛkyerɛ ntease a ɛwɔ adeyɛ no akyi no, na Bar Council no aka sɛ nsɛmfua te sɛ M'Awurade ne W'Awurade no yɛ "atubrafo bere a atwam no nkaedum". Efi saa bere no, wɔde gyinaesi no akɔma ɔman no bagua ahorow nyinaa ne Asɛnnibea Kunini no ma wɔagye atom nanso bɛboro mfe anum mprempren no, gyinaesi no kɔɔ so traa krataa so kɛse.
Nanso, wɔ adeyɛ bi a ebi mmae da wɔ October 2009 mu no, na Madras HC atemmufo no mu biako, Ɔtemmufo K Chandru abara mmaranimfo sɛ wɔmfrɛ n’asɛnnibea sɛ M’Awurade ne Wo Awurade.
==== Israel ====
Wɔ Israel no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea ahorow nyinaa atemmufo (Hebri: שופט, romanized: shofét, lit. ‘ɔtemmufo’) sɛ Owura, Madam (Hebri: אדוני/גבירתי, romanized: adoni/geverti) anaa Wo Nidi (Hebri : ɔבודו/כבודה, wɔde nkyerɛwde a ɛyɛ roman: kevodo/kevoda). Mpɛn pii no, edin biara akyi no wobɛte haShofét, a ɛkyerɛ "ɔtemmufo no" wɔ address a ɛfa ho no akyi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Wo Nidi Ɔtemmufo no bɛyɛ כבוד השופט (kevod haShofét).
==== Malaysia na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Malaysia no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea ahorow a ɛwɔ ase no atemmufo sɛ Tuan anaa Puan ("Owura", "Awuraa"), anaa Wo Nidi. Wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea akɛse no atemmufo sɛ Yang Arif (lit. ‘Osuaafo’) anaa M’Awurade, M’Awuraa, ne nea ɛkeka ho; ne Wo Awurade anaa Me Awuraa sɛ nsɛm no, sɛnea ɛtaa yɛ wɔ asɛnnibea akɛse no mu no, yɛ Borɔfo kasa mu a.
=== Pakistan na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Pakistan no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo ne asɛnnibea akɛse no sɛ Wo Awurade anaa M’Awurade anaa Awurade ne Wo Awuraa anaa M’Awuraa, atetesɛm a wobetumi aka sɛ efi England tẽẽ. Wɔsɔre tia eyi bi wɔ nyamesom mu nanso nea ɛboro so anaa kakraa bi no kɔ so de besi nnɛ. Wɔ asɛnnibea nketewa mu no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo sɛ owura, ɔbea anaa Urdu kasa a ɛne no sɛ Janab anaa Ɔtemmufo Sahab.
==== Sri Lankana ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Sri Lanka no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea dodow no ara atemmufo sɛ Wo Nidi, nanso wɔfrɛ Ɔtemmufo Panyin no sɛ Wo Awurade. Asɛnnibea Kunini ne Asɛnnibea a Wɔde Nsɛm Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no atemmufo nya abodin The Honourable.[citation needed]
==== Vietnam ====
Wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ Vietnam no Quý tòa (nea ɛkyerɛ ankasa ne "Asɛnnibea a Nidi wom").
=== Europa ===
==== bulgaria na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Bulgaria ansa na 1989 reba wɔ komunism nniso no mu no, na wɔfrɛ atemmufo sɛ drugarju (Bulgaria kasa: другарю, lit. ‘ɔyɔnko’). Wɔ 1989 akyi no, gospodín sŭdiya (Bulgaria kasa: господин съдия, a wɔakyerɛ ase ‘ɔtemmufo wura’) anaa gospožo sŭdiya (Bulgaria kasa mu: госпожо съдия, a wɔakyerɛ ase ‘madam ɔtemmufo’).
==== Finland ====
Ɔkwan titiriw biara nni hɔ a wɔfa so kasa; animtew a ɛyɛ ɔkwan biara so no dɔɔso na adeyɛ no nni amanne a ɛyɛ ahintasɛm. Nea ɛne eyi hyia no, wɔfrɛ bagua no guamtrani no sɛ herra/rouva puheenjohtaja ("Owura/Ms. Oguamtrani"). Finland atemmufo de gavel di dwuma, nanso wɔmfa ntade anaa ntade biara nni dwuma wɔ Finland asennibea biara mu.[5]
Wɔ ɔmantam asennibea (käräjäoikeus) mu no, atemmufo mpapahwekwa de abodin käräjätuomari na ɛyɛ adwuma na oguamtrani no yɛ laamanni (mmarahyɛfo). Wɔn a wɔboa wɔn ne notaries (notaari), assessors (asessori) ne referendaries (viskaali) a ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a ebia wobedi nhyiam ahorow anim. Wɔ asɛnnibea ahorow a wɔde asɛm kɔdan asɛnnibea (hovioikeus) mu no, ɔtemmufo a ɔyɛ ɔkwasea wɔ abodin hovioikeudenneuvos, ɔfã bi guamtrani ne hovioikeudenlaamanni na ɔmampanyin di asɛnnibea no anim. Wɔ Asɛnnibea Kunini no mu no, wɔto atemmufo din oikeusneuvos na ɔmampanyin bi na odi asɛnnibea no anim.
==== France na ɛwɔ hɔ ====
Wɔ France no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea bi temmufo a odi anim no Monsieur le président anaa Madame le président, bere a wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔka ho no Monsieur l’Assesseur anaa Madame l’Assesseur. Sɛ wofi asennibea hɔ a, wɔfrɛ atemmufo Monsieur le juge anaa Madame le juge.
=== Germany na ɛwɔ hɔ ===
Wɔ Germany no, wɔfrɛ atemmufoɔ sɛ Herr Vorsitzender anaa Frau Vorsitzende, a wɔkyerɛ aseɛ sɛ "Owura Otitrani" ne "Madam Oguamtrani", anaasɛ Hohes Gericht, a wɔkyerɛ aseɛ sɛ "Asɛnnibea Kunini".
==== Hungary na ɛwɔ hɔ ====
Wɔfrɛ ɔbarima temmufo a ɔhwɛ asɛnnibea bi anim sɛ tisztelt bíró úr, a ɛkyerɛ "Owura Ɔtemmufo a Ɔwɔ Nidi" na wɔfrɛ ɔbea ɔtemmufo a odi anim sɛ tisztelt bírónő, a ɛkyerɛ "Owurayere Ɔtemmufo a Ɔwɔ Nidi Wobetumi afrɛ asɛnnibea no sɛ kuw no sɛ tisztelt bíróság, a ɛkyerɛ "Asɛnnibea a Nidi wom".
==== Ireland na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔto Asɛnnibea Kunini, Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea, anaa Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo din wɔ aban kwan so sɛ The Honorable Mr/Mrs/Ms/Miss Justice Surname (Irish: An Breitheamh Onórach Uasal [abusuadin]), na wɔfrɛ wɔn wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ ɔkwan pa so tiawa sɛ Mr/Mrs/ . Ms/Miss Atemmufo Edin. Wɔ asɛnnibea no, wɔde wɔn abodin anaa ɔkwan a wɔfa so frɛ wɔn, sɛ Asɛnnibea (An Chúirt), anaasɛ Ɔtemmufo (A Bhreithimh) kɛkɛ.[6] Wɔ mmara amanneɛbɔ mu no, Ireland Ɔtemmufo Panyin no wɔ postnominal CJ, Asɛnnibea afoforo no Titenani wɔ postnominal P, na atemmufo afoforo nyinaa J, s.e. Smith J. a ɔyɛ ɔkyerɛwfo.
Wɔato Ɔmansin Asɛnnibea no atemmufoɔ din sɛ His/Her Honor Judge Surname na wɔde wɔn frɛ wɔn wɔ Asɛnnibea sɛ Ɔtemmufoɔ. Ansa na afe 2006 reba no, na wɔfrɛ wɔn M’Awurade (A thiarna) .
Wɔto Ɔmantam Asɛnnibea no atemmufo din sɛ Ɔtemmufo Edin na wɔde wɔn frɛ wɔn wɔ Asɛnnibea sɛ Ɔtemmufo. Ansa na 1991 reba no, na wɔfrɛ saa atemmufo yi Ɔmantam Atemmufo na wɔfrɛ wɔn Mo Som (d’Onóra).
==== Italy na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Italy no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea bi temmufo a odi anim sɛ Signor presidente della corte.
=== Netherlands ===
netherlandsEdit na ɛwɔ hɔ
Wɔ Netherlands no, wɔde krataa nkutoo na ɛkyerɛ atemmufo a wodi anim wɔ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu no sɛ edelachtbare ("Wo Nidi") ma atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea a Edi Kan no mu, edelgrootachtbare ("Wo Nidi Kɛse") ma atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no ne edelhoogachtbare ( "Wo Nidi Kɛse") ma atemmufo a wɔwɔ Netherlands Bagua Kɛse no mu (Asɛnnibea Kunini).
=== Poland na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Poland no, wɔkasa kyerɛ atemmufo a wodi anim wɔ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu bere a wodi asɛm no Wysoki Sądzie ("Asɛnnibea Kunini").
==== Portugal na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Portugal no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wodi anim bere a wodi asɛm no sɛ Meretíssimo Juiz bere a ɔbarima anaa Meretíssima Juíza bere a ɔbea (a ɛkyerɛ "Ɔtemmufo a Ɔfata Sen Biara") anaasɛ Vossa Excelência ("Wo Panyin") bere a wɔankyerɛ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna.
=== Romania na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Romania no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo bere a wɔredi asɛm no sɛ Onorata Instanta (Wo Nidi).[7]
=== Russia na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Russia no, wɔde Vasha Chest (Russia: Ваша Честь, lit. ‘Wo Nidi’) di dwuma ma nsɛmmɔnedi ho nsɛm a ɔtemmufo biako pɛ na odi anim.[8] Wɔ ɔmanfoɔ, aguadi ne nsɛmmɔnedi ho nsɛm a atemmufoɔ kuo bi di anim no, address a ɛfata ne Honourable Court.[8][9][10]
==== Spain na ɛwɔ hɔ ====
Wɔ Spain no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo, atemmufo ne atemmufo sɛ "Wo Awurade" (Su Señoría); nanso, wɔ mmere a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ mu no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo sɛ "Wo Awurade a Ɔsen Biara" (Vuestra Señoría Excelentísima anaa Excelentísimo Señor/Excelentísima Señora); wɔ saa mmere a anibere wom no mu no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea nketewa no atemmufo sɛ "Wo Awurade a Ɔyɛ Nniso Sen Biara" (Vuestra Señoría Ilustrísima anaa Ilustrísimo Señor/Ilustrísima Señora); wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔnyɛ den bere nyinaa "Wo Awurade".
==== Sweden ====
Wɔ Sweden no, wɔ amanne kwan so frɛ asɛnnibea temmufo a odi anim sɛ Herr Ordförande anaa Fru Ordförande, a wɔkyerɛ ase sɛ "Owura Otitrani" ne "Madam Oguamtrani".
=== United Kingdom na ɛwɔ hɔ ===
Hwɛ nso: Address nkrataa wɔ United Kingdom § Atemmu Dwumadibea
==== England ne Wales ====
Wɔ England ne Wales Asɛnnibea ahorow mu no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo sɛ Atemmufo a wɔwɔ. Mprempren wɔde animtew kwan "Awurade" anaa "Awuraa" ma Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo a wonni asetra mu peerages.[11] Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo sɛ "M'Awurade/Awuraa" wɔ asɛnnibea. Wɔ mmara amanneɛbɔ mu no, wɔtaa frɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no Atemmufoɔ sɛ "Awurade/Awuraa N", ɛwom sɛ Nnawɔtwe Mmara Amanneɛbɔ no de nkyerɛwdeɛ a ɛwɔ din akyi "JSC" (e.g. "Lady Smith JSC") ka ho de. Wɔma Asɛnnibea no Titenani ne Ɔmampanyin Abadiakyiri no nkrataa a wɔde kyerɛw din akyi nkrataa PSC ne DPSC. Mmaranimfo anaa mmaranimfo a wɔn ho akokwaw nkutoo na wɔtaa paw wɔn sɛ atemmufo.
Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini ne Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no atemmufo (bere a wɔte saa asennibea ahorow no mu) sɛ "M'Awurade" anaa "M'Awuraa" na wɔfrɛ wɔn "W'Awurade" anaa "Wo Awuraayɛ".
Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no atemmufo a wɔsan frɛ wɔn Lords Justice of Appeal no sɛ "Awurade Ɔtemmufo N" anaa "Awuraa Ɔtemmufo N". Wɔ mmara kwan so nkyerɛwee mu no, wɔma Lords Justices of Appeal no post din nkrataa "LJ": sɛ nhwɛso no, Smith LJ.
Sɛ wɔde Asɛnnibea Kunini no Temmufo bi a onni hɔ rekɔ a, wɔka wɔn ho asɛm sɛ "Owura/Owurayere/Ms. Ɔtemmufo N." Wɔ mmara kwan so nkyerɛwee mu no, wɔde nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ din akyi "J" no kyerɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no Ɔtemmufo (ɔbarima anaa ɔbea): sɛ nhwɛso no, Smith J. Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no Awuranom sɛ "Owura". Wɔfrɛ Insolvency ne Companies Asɛnnibea atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea Kunini no mu sɛ "Ɔtemmufo".
Wɔfrɛ amansin atemmufo ne wɔn a wɔkyere nsɛm gu kasɛt so sɛ "Wo Nidi". Wɔfrɛ amansin atemmufo sɛ "Ne/Ne Nidi Ɔtemmufo N". Wɔ nkyerɛwee mu no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔtwa saa asɛmti yi tiawa sɛ "HHJ" anaa "HH Ɔtemmufo N", nanso ɛnyɛ mmara kwan so nkyerɛwee mu. Wɔfrɛ ɔmantam atemmufo ne asɛnnibea atemmufo sɛ "Sir/Madam".
Wɔtaa frɛ atemmufo sɛ "Wo Som" wɔ England fã kɛse no ara. Wɔsan nso frɛ atemmufoɔ sɛ "Sir/Madam".
==== Scotland na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Scotland Asɛnnibea ahorow mu no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛnnibea, Asɛnnibea Kunini a Ɛhwɛ Atɛntrenee So ne sheriff asɛnnibea ahorow no nyinaa din sɛ "M'Awurade" anaa "M'Awuraa" na wɔfrɛ wɔn "W'Awurade" anaa "Wo Awuraayɛ".
Wɔkasa kyerɛ asomdwoe asennibea ahorow no asomdwoe atɛntrenee mu atemmufo na wɔfrɛ wɔn "Wo Nidi".
=== Ireland atifi fam ===
Ireland Atifi fam atemmu nhyehyɛe no te sɛ England ne Wales de no ara pɛ, na wɔde asɛnnibea a ɛkorɔn atemmufo di nsɛm sɛnea wɔyɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ England ne Wales no. Nanso, nsonsonoe kakraa bi wɔ hɔ wɔ gyinabea ahorow a ɛba fam no mu.
Wɔ Northern Ireland no, nea ɛne ɔmansin temmufo yɛ pɛ ne ɔmantam asennibea temmufo, na wɔka wɔn kasa na wɔde wɔn din to wɔn so sɛnea ɔmansin temmufo te wɔ England ne Wales no. Ɔmantam asennibea atemmufo mpanyimfo a wɔde wɔn ahyɛ Belfast ne Derry mantam asɛnnibea nkyekyem ahorow mu no wɔ abodin ahorow a ɛne Recorder of Belfast ne Recorder of Londonderry (anaa Derry), nanso wɔde wɔn kasa no sɛnea ɔmantam asennibea atemmufo afoforo kasa no. Wɔfrɛ ɔmantam temmufo bi a ɔte Mantam Asɛnnibea no sɛ "Wo Nidi".
Wɔfrɛ ɔmantam temmufo (atemmufo asɛnnibea) sɛ "Wo Som". Ɔtemmufo a ɔnyɛ ɔsɔfo, wɔ nsɛm a ɛwɔ hɔ no mu no, wɔsan frɛ no "Wo Som", na obetumi de din akyi nsɛm "LM" adi dwuma, s.e. "John Smith L. M.".[12] Nsɛm a Wɔka Kyerɛ
==== Amerika Atifi fam ====
==== Canada na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Mpɛn pii no, wobetumi afrɛ Canada atemmufo tẽẽ, a egyina ɔmantam no so, sɛ "M'Awurade", "M'Awuraa", "Wo Nidi" anaa "Atɛntrenee" na wɔfrɛ wɔn wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so wɔ onipa a ɔto so abiɛsa no mu sɛ "Owura a Ɔwɔ Nidi no ( anaasɛ Madam) Ɔtemmufo 'Forename Surname'". Wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ mmara kwan so no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea Kunini bi mu sɛ "Ɔtemmufo 'Abusua Edin'", na ɛnyɛ "Ɔtemmufo 'Abusua Edin.'" Sɛ wɔka ho asɛm wɔ asɛnnibea bi gyinaesi mu a, wɔtaa twa atemmufo abodin ahorow no tiaa de akyi "J. ", sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛfrɛ Ɔtemmufo Smith sɛ Smith J. Wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ asɛnnibea akɛse bi mu sɛ "M'Awurade" anaa "M'Awuraa".[13] Wɔ Ontario no, wɔntaa nka atemmufoɔ ho asɛm sɛ "M'Awurade" anaa "Me Awuraa", na mmom "Wo Nidi" nko ara wɔ Ontario Asɛnnibea Kunini no mu.[14] Kane no, na wɔde saa abodin ahorow yi nkyerɛase te sɛ Votre Honneur ("wo nidi") anaa Votre Seigneurie ("wo wurayɛ") di dwuma wɔ Franse kasa mu; ɛnnɛ, Monsieur le juge ne Madame la juge nkutoo na wɔde di dwuma wɔ aban kwan so. Wɔkyerɛ abodin "temmufo" ne "atɛntrenee" abien no nyinaa ase sɛ ɔtemmufo.
Mpɛn pii no, ɛfata sɛ wode asɛmfua "ɔtemmufo" bedi dwuma bere a woreka gyinabea bi a wɔammɔ ne din anaa nea ɛwɔ hɔ nyinaa ho asɛm, te sɛ "ɔtemmufo a odi asɛm no", anaasɛ bere a woreka asɛnnibea a ɛba fam anaa ɔmantam asɛnnibea te sɛ Ontario Asɛnnibea no muni bi ho asɛm nkutoo. Nea ɛka ho ne Ɔman Ba Atemmufo a wɔfrɛ wɔn "Ɔtemmufo 'Edin'" nkutoo sɛnea wɔpaw wɔn sɛ Ɔman Bagua no gyinaesifo a wɔde wɔn ho no.
Te sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no mufo afoforo no, wɔfrɛ asomdwoe temmufo sɛ "Wo Som", na wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini bi Owura "Owura". Ɛde besi December 7, 2018 no, wɔde Ontario Asɛnnibea Awuranom frɛ wɔn wɔ Borɔfo kasa mu sɛ "Wo Nidi" na wɔ Franse kasa mu sɛ "Votre Honneur" na ɛnyɛ "Owura" bio.
=== United States ===
wɔ aman pii mu wɔ United States nyinaa no, wɔfrɛ ɔtemmufo sɛ "Wo Nidi" anaa "Ɔtemmufo" bere a odi asɛnnibea no anim no. "Ɔtemmufo" betumi ayɛ nea mmaranimfo ne adwumayɛfo taa de di dwuma kɛse, bere a ebia nea ɔde asɛm no kɔdan no anaa nea wɔde asɛm no kɔdan no no taa de emu biara di dwuma. Nea ɛda nsow ne sɛ, Asɛnnibea Kunini a ɛwɔ Los Angeles Mantam mu, asɛnnibea a ɛyɛ biako a ɛsen biara wɔ United States no wɔ mmara bi a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛfrɛ ɔtemmufo no sɛ "Wo Nidi" nkutoo bere a ɔwɔ asɛnnibea no, na ɛnyɛ "Ɔtemmufo", "Ɔtemmufo (din" da )", "ma'am", anaa "owura".[15] Eyi yɛ soronko kakra efisɛ wobu "Ɔtemmufo" ne "Ɔtemmufo (din)" anaa address ahorow a ɛte saa ara sɛ ɛfata na obu wɔ asennibea afoforo pii mu.
Wɔfrɛ Amerika Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo, ne U.S. aman pii ne aman afoforo asennibea kunini atemmufo "atemmufo". Wɔfrɛ Amerika Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo ne asɛnnibea afoforo Atemmufo sɛ "Atemmufo (din)". Wɔfrɛ United States Ɔtemmufo Panyin no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so sɛ "Owura anaa Madam Ɔtemmufo Panyin" nanso wobetumi nso akyerɛ no na wɔafrɛ no "Ɔtemmufo Panyin (din)".
Mpɛn pii no, asɛnnibea akɛse no atemmufo nya dibea ahorow a ɛkorɔn sen atemmufo foforo biara a wɔwɔ tumidi bi mu, a asomdwoe ho ɔtemmufo, ɔtemmufo a okura polisifo asɛnnibea wɔ tumidi ahorow bi mu na ebia obetumi nso adi nsɛm nketenkete ne nsɛmmɔnedi ho asɛm. Nanso, New York Mantam no dan nhyehyɛe a wɔtaa yɛ yi. Wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea a edi kan a edi asɛm wɔ saa mantam yi mu no New York Asɛnnibea Kunini, na wɔfrɛ n'atemmufo "atemmufo". Asɛnnibea a ɛkorɔn a edi hɔ a wɔde asɛm kɔdan no ne Asɛnnibea Kunini, Appellate Division, a wɔsan frɛ n'atemmufo "atemmufo". Nanso, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea kunini a ɛwɔ New York no New York Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea, a wɔfrɛ emufo "atemmufo".
Atemmufoɔ a wɔwɔ tumidie bi te sɛ New York ne New Jersey, a wɔdi ahwɛfoɔ, ahotosoɔ ne agyapadeɛ ho dwuma no, wɔfrɛ wɔn "surrogates".
Ɔtemmufo panyin, wɔ U.S. nneyɛe mu no, yɛ ɔtemmufo a wakɔ pɛnhyen a odi nsɛm a wɔapaw ama aban adwumakuw bi ho dwuma bere a wakɔ pɛnhyen, bere fã.
Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ tumidi ase anaasɛ wɔba fam wɔ U.S. mmara mu adwumayɛ mu sɛ atemmufo, ɛwom sɛ wɔ United States aban asennibea no, wɔfrɛ wɔn atemmufo de. Atemmufo a wɔhyɛ ase wɔ U.S. mmara mu adwumayɛ mu a wɔpaw wɔn wɔ asɛm biara mu, titiriw wɔ nsɛm a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ adanse a ɛkɔ akyiri na ɛyɛ ɔbrɛ kɛse mu no, wɔtaa frɛ wɔn "awuranom" anaa "awuranom titiriw" na wɔwɔ tumi wɔ a asɛm pɔtee bi a wɔtaa gyina asɛm biara so kyerɛ.
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'''Ɔtemmufo''' yɛ obi a ɔhwɛ asɛnnibea nsɛm so, ɔno nkutoo anaasɛ ɔka atemmufo kuw bi ho. Ɔtemmufo tie adansefo no nyinaa ne adanse foforo biara a mmaranimfo anaa mmaranimfo a wɔwɔ asɛm no mu de ma no, ɔhwɛ sɛnea afã horow no gye di ne nsɛm a wɔka, na afei ogyina mmara no nkyerɛase ne wɔn ankasa atemmu so bu asɛm no ho gyinae. Wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ ɔtemmufo bi bedi asɛm no animhwɛ, na mpɛn pii no, ɔbɛkɔ asɛnnibea a wɔabue ano.
tumi, dwumadi, ɔkwan a wɔfa so paw atemmufo, nteɛso, ne ntetee a wɔde ma wɔn no gu ahorow kɛse wɔ tumidi ahorow mu. Wɔ aman bi mu no, wobetumi de tumi a ɔtemmufo no wɔ no akyɛ asɛnni baguafo. Wɔ nsɛmmɔnedi ho nhwehwɛmu nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde hwehwɛ nsɛm mu mu no, ebia ɔtemmufo nso bɛyɛ ɔtemmufo a ɔhwehwɛ nsɛm mu. Ɔtemmufo a odi anim no hwɛ hu sɛ asɛnnibea nsɛm nyinaa yɛ nea mmara ma ho kwan na ɛyɛ nhyehyɛe.
== Tumi ne dwumadie ==
Ɔtemmufo adwuma a etwa to ne sɛ obesiesie mmara mu akasakasa bi wɔ ɔkwan a etwa to a ɛyɛ mmara kwan so wɔ baguam so a ɛne afã horow a ɛho hia bɛyɛ adwene. Atemmufo de tumi a ɛho hia di dwuma wɔ aban mu. Wobetumi ahyɛ polisifo, asraafo anaa atemmufo mpanyimfo sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu, nkyere, afiase, nhyɛ nkurɔfo nsa, wɔmfa wɔn nkɔto afiase, wɔmfa nnye wɔn, wɔmfa wɔn nkɔ amannɔne ne nneyɛe a ɛtete saa. Nanso, atemmufo nso hwɛ so sɛ wobedi asɛnni ho nhyehyɛe ahorow akyi, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛhwɛ ma wɔayɛ ade pɛpɛɛpɛ na wɔrenhwɛ animhwɛ na wɔakwati sɛ wɔbɛyɛ biribiara a wɔpɛ. Asɛnnibea akɛse te sɛ asɛnnibea a wɔde asɛm kɔdan asɛnnibea ne asɛnnibea kunini na ɛhwɛ tumi a ɔtemmufo wɔ no mu.
Mpɛn pii no, asɛnnibea no wɔ asɛnnibea mpanyimfo atitiriw baasa a wɔatete wɔn wɔ mmara kwan so: ɔtemmufo, mmaranimfo ne mmaranimfo a ɔde ne ho gye asɛm no mu. Dwumadi a ɔtemmufo di no gu ahorow wɔ mmara nhyehyɛe ahorow mu. Wɔ nhyehyɛe a ɛsɔre tia (mmara a wɔtaa de di dwuma) mu, sɛnea ɛte wɔ U.S. ne England no, ɔtemmufo no yɛ adwuma sɛ ɔtemmufo a onni animhwɛ, titiriw no ɔhwɛ hu sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛteɛ, bere a aban mmaranimfo ne wɔn a wɔde wɔn ho gye asɛm no mu no de wɔn asɛm no kɔma asɛnni baguafo, a wɔtaa paw wɔn fi ɔman mma a wɔtaa yɛ no mu no. Nea ɔhwehwɛ nokwasɛm titiriw ne asɛnni baguafo no, na afei ɔtemmufo no bewie asotwe no. Ne nyinaa mu no, wɔ nsɛm nketenkete mu no, atemmufo betumi abu atɛn tiawa a wɔrenkɔ so anni asɛm wɔ asɛnni baguafo mu. Wɔ asɛmmisa nhyehyɛe (ɔmanfo mmara), sɛnea ɛte wɔ Europa asasepɔn no so no, asɛnni baguafo biara nni hɔ na nea ɔhwehwɛ nokwasɛm titiriw ne ɔtemmufo no, na ɔno ankasa bɛyɛ nea odi anim, abu atɛn na wabu no fɔ. Sɛnea ɛte no, wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ ɔtemmufo no de mmara no bedi dwuma tẽẽ, sɛnea ɛte wɔ Franse kasa mu asɛmfua Le juge est la bouche de la loi ("Ɔtemmufo no yɛ mmara no ano") mu no. Bio nso, wɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow bi mu no, ɔtemmufo no betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu mpo, na wayɛ adwuma sɛ ɔtemmufo a ɔhwehwɛ nneɛma mu.
Atemmufo nkutoo betumi ayɛ adwuma wɔ nsɛm nketenkete mu, nanso wɔ nsɛmmɔnedi, abusua ne nsɛm afoforo a ɛho hia mu no, wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ bagua bi mu. Wɔ ɔmanfo mmara nhyehyɛe ahorow bi mu no, ebia atemmufo a wɔnyɛ asɔfo bɛka saa kuw yi ho. Nea ɛnte sɛ atemmufo a wɔyɛ adwumaden no, wɔntete atemmufo a wɔnyɛ asɔfo wɔ mmara kwan so, nanso nea ɛnte sɛ asɛnni baguafo no, atemmufo a wɔnyɛ asɔfo taa yɛ atuhoamafo na ebia wɔde amammuisɛm paw wɔn. Mmara akyerɛwfo, referendaries ne notaries taa boa atemmufo wɔ mmara mu nsɛm mu ne bailiffs anaa nea ɛte saa a wɔwɔ ahobammɔ.
==== Ahwehwɛde ne bere a wɔahyɛ ho nhyehyɛe ====
Atemmufo a wotu wɔn ho ma ne atemmufo a wɔyɛ adwumaden nyinaa wɔ hɔ. Wɔnhwehwɛ sɛ ɔtemmufo a otu ne ho ma, te sɛ Engiresini ɔtemmufo bi nya mmara ho ntetee na wontua no ka. Esiane sɛ, wɔhwehwɛ sɛ ɔtemmufo a ɔyɛ adwumaden nya mmara ho ade; wɔ U.S. no, mpɛn pii no eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wonya Juris Doctor abodin krataa. Bio nso, mpɛn pii no, ɛho hia sɛ wonya adwumayɛ mu osuahu a ɛho hia; sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ U.S. no, wɔtaa paw atemmufo fi mmaranimfo a wɔn ho akokwaw mu. Ɔman no panyin na ɔtaa paw atemmufo. Nanso, wɔ U.S. aman bi mu no, wɔpaw atemmufo wɔ amammui mu abatow bi mu.
Wɔtaa bu animhwɛ a wonni sɛ ɛho hia ma mmara nniso. Enti, wɔ tumidi ahorow pii mu no, wobetumi apaw atemmufo nkwa nna nyinaa, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a aban mpanyimfo no rentumi nyi wɔn mfi hɔ. Nanso, wɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛnyɛ demokrase mu no, atemmufo a wɔpaw wɔn no betumi ayɛ amammuisɛm kɛse na wɔtaa nya akwankyerɛ wɔ sɛnea wobebu atɛn ho, na sɛ wɔn nneyɛe no ani nsɔ amammui akannifo no ani a, wobetumi ayi afi hɔ.
==== Bu atɛn sɛ adwuma ====
Ɛsɛ sɛ atemmufo tumi yɛ nhwehwɛmu na wɔyɛ nkrataa tenten pii, adansefo adansedi, ne nsɛm afoforo a ɛfa nsɛm ho, te nsɛm a emu yɛ den ase na wonya mmara ne mmara kwan so nhyehyɛe ho ntease a edi mũ, a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wonya nimdeɛ a ɛkyɛn so wɔ nsusuwii a ntease wom, nhwehwɛmu ne gyinaesi mu. Akyerɛw ho nimdeɛ a ɛkyɛn so nso yɛ ade a ɛho hia, esiane nkrataa a wɔakyerɛw no awiei ne tumi a ɛwɔ hɔ nti. Atemmufo ne nkurɔfo yɛ adwuma bere nyinaa; sɛnea adwuma no te no, akasakasa a wosiesie no yiye ne nnipa ntam nkitahodi ho nimdeɛ yɛ ade a ɛho hia. Wɔhwehwɛ sɛ atemmufo nya abrabɔ pa, i.e. ɛnsɛ sɛ nsɛmmɔnedi ho abakɔsɛm biara ba. Atemmufo a wɔyɛ adwumaden taa nya akatua kɛse, wɔ U.S. no, sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, atemmufo akatua yɛ $101,690 afe biara, na aban atemmufo nya $208,000–$267,000 afe biara.
== Nnoɔma ahodoɔ a ɛhyɛn wɔn nso ==
atetesɛm ahorow abɛyɛ nea ɛne dibea anaa adwuma no wɔ abusuabɔ. Atemmufo de gavel (amane kwan so hama) di dwuma wɔ aman pii mu, araa ma gavel no abɛyɛ ɔtemmufo ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Wɔ wiase mmeae pii no, atemmufo hyɛ ntade atenten (a wɔtaa yɛ tuntum anaa kɔkɔɔ) na wɔtra asɛnka agua a ɛkorɔn so bere a wɔredi asɛm no (a wonim no sɛ benkyi).
Amerika atemmufo taa hyɛ ntade tuntum. Amerika atemmufo wɔ amanne kwan so gavels, ɛwom sɛ Amerika atemmufo wɔ asɛnnibea ananmusifo anaa bailiffs ne animtiaabu a wobu asɛnnibea tumi sɛ wɔn mfiri atitiriw a wɔde kura suban pa mu wɔ asɛnnibea dan no mu de. Nanso, wɔ United States Atɔe Fam mmeae bi, te sɛ California no, na atemmufo nhyɛ ntade bere nyinaa na mmom na wɔhyɛ ntade a wɔhyɛ da biara da. Ɛnnɛ, ɔman no asennibea akɛse te sɛ Maryland Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no mufo binom hyɛ ntade soronko. Wɔ Italy ne Portugal no, atemmufo ne mmaranimfo nyinaa hyɛ ntade tuntum pɔtee bi.
Wɔ aman bi mu, titiriw wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no mu no, atemmufo hyɛ wig. Mprempren wɔde wig tenten a wɔtaa de bata atemmufo ho no asie ama amanne ahorow, ɛwom sɛ na ɛyɛ ntade a wɔtaa hyɛ wɔ mfehaha a atwam no mu no fã de. Ná wɔbɛhyɛ wig tiawa bi a ɛte sɛ mmaranimfo wig (Bench Wig) nanso ɛnyɛ nsɛ wɔ asɛnnibea. Nanso, wɔreyi saa atetesɛm yi afi hɔ nkakrankakra wɔ Britain wɔ asɛnnibea ahorow a ɛnyɛ nsɛmmɔnedi mu.[3]
Wɔ Oman no, ɔtemmufo no hyɛ nsensanee tenten (kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono fitaa), bere a mmaranimfo no hyɛ atade tuntum no.
Wɔ Portugal ne kan Portugal Ahemman no mu no, na atemmufo no de poma bi a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ ma atemmufo mpapahwekwa na ɛyɛ fitaa ma atemmufo no fi akyi.
== Asɛmti ne address ahorow ==
Sua pii
Saa ɔfã yi hia nsɛm foforo a wɔafa aka de akyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nokware. (Ɔpɛpɔn 2021)
==== Asia ====
=== Hong Kong na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Hong Kong no, wɔde Borɔfo anaa Hong Kong Cantonese (Ye China kasa bi) di asɛnnibea nsɛm. Hong Kong atemmufo kura Engiresifo atetesɛm ahorow pii te sɛ wig ne ntade a wɔhyɛ wɔ asɛnnibea ahorow mu.
Wɔ asɛnnibea nketewa no mu no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo sɛ Wo som, na wɔfrɛ ɔmantam asɛnnibea atemmufo sɛ Wo Nidi.
Wɔ asɛnnibea akɛse a ɛwɔ kyerɛwtohɔ mu, a ɛne Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea a Etwa To ne Asɛnnibea Kunini (a Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea ne Asɛnnibea a Edi Kan na ɛwom) no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo sɛ M’Awurade anaa M’Awuraa na wɔfrɛ wɔn W’Awurade anaa Wo de Ladyship, a edi Engiresifo atetesɛm akyi.
Wɔ nkyerɛwee mu no, wɔde nkrataa a ɛwɔ din akyi PJ no di dwuma de kyerɛ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no temmufo a ɔtra hɔ daa ne NPJ de kɔma ɔtemmufo a ɔnyɛ daa. Wɔ Asɛnnibea Kunini no mu no, wɔde asɛmfua tiawa JA di dwuma de kyerɛ ɔtemmufo a ɔde asɛm no kɔdan asɛnnibea, na nkyerɛwde J no kyerɛ Asɛnnibea a Edi Kan no temmufo bi.
Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no Awuranom sɛ Owura.
Sɛ wɔyɛ asɛnni wɔ China kasa mu a, na wɔka atemmufo ho asɛm, wɔ Canton kasa mu, sɛ Fat Goon Dai Yan (Hong Kong Cantonese: 法官大人, romanized: faat3 gun1 daai6 jan4, lit. ‘Ɔtemmufo, wo wurayɛ’) ansa na wɔde tumidi no afi hɔ United Kingdom kɔ China, ne sɛ Fat Goon Gok Ha (Hong Kong Cantonese: 法官閣下, romanized: faat3 gun1 gok3 haa6, lit. ‘Ɔtemmufo, wo nidi’) fi 1997. Fat Goon (Hong Kong Cantonese: 法官, romanized: faat gun1, lit. 'Ɔtemmufo') kyerɛ asɛmfua "ɔtemmufo".
=== India ===
wɔ India no, na wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini ne Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo sɛ Wo Awurade anaa M’Awurade ne W’Awuraa anaa Me Awuraa, atetesɛm a wotumi ka sɛ efi England tẽẽ. Na Bar Council of India no agye gyinaesi bi atom wɔ April 2006 mu na wɔde Mmara foforo 49(1)(j) aka ho wɔ Advocates Act no mu. Sɛnea mmara no kyerɛ no, mmaranimfo betumi afrɛ asɛnnibea no sɛ Wo Nidi na wɔafrɛ no Nidi Asɛnnibea. Sɛ ɛyɛ asɛnnibea a ɛhyɛ ase a, mmaranimfoɔ bɛtumi de nsɛmfua te sɛ sir anaa kasasin biara a ɛne no sɛ adi dwuma wɔ ɔmantam kasa a ɛfa ho no mu. Bere a wɔrekyerɛkyerɛ ntease a ɛwɔ adeyɛ no akyi no, na Bar Council no aka sɛ nsɛmfua te sɛ M'Awurade ne W'Awurade no yɛ "atubrafo bere a atwam no nkaedum". Efi saa bere no, wɔde gyinaesi no akɔma ɔman no bagua ahorow nyinaa ne Asɛnnibea Kunini no ma wɔagye atom nanso bɛboro mfe anum mprempren no, gyinaesi no kɔɔ so traa krataa so kɛse.
Nanso, wɔ adeyɛ bi a ebi mmae da wɔ October 2009 mu no, na Madras HC atemmufo no mu biako, Ɔtemmufo K Chandru abara mmaranimfo sɛ wɔmfrɛ n’asɛnnibea sɛ M’Awurade ne Wo Awurade.
==== Israel ====
Wɔ Israel no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea ahorow nyinaa atemmufo (Hebri: שופט, romanized: shofét, lit. ‘ɔtemmufo’) sɛ Owura, Madam (Hebri: אדוני/גבירתי, romanized: adoni/geverti) anaa Wo Nidi (Hebri : ɔבודו/כבודה, wɔde nkyerɛwde a ɛyɛ roman: kevodo/kevoda). Mpɛn pii no, edin biara akyi no wobɛte haShofét, a ɛkyerɛ "ɔtemmufo no" wɔ address a ɛfa ho no akyi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Wo Nidi Ɔtemmufo no bɛyɛ כבוד השופט (kevod haShofét).
==== Malaysia na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Malaysia no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea ahorow a ɛwɔ ase no atemmufo sɛ Tuan anaa Puan ("Owura", "Awuraa"), anaa Wo Nidi. Wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea akɛse no atemmufo sɛ Yang Arif (lit. ‘Osuaafo’) anaa M’Awurade, M’Awuraa, ne nea ɛkeka ho; ne Wo Awurade anaa Me Awuraa sɛ nsɛm no, sɛnea ɛtaa yɛ wɔ asɛnnibea akɛse no mu no, yɛ Borɔfo kasa mu a.
=== Pakistan na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Pakistan no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo ne asɛnnibea akɛse no sɛ Wo Awurade anaa M’Awurade anaa Awurade ne Wo Awuraa anaa M’Awuraa, atetesɛm a wobetumi aka sɛ efi England tẽẽ. Wɔsɔre tia eyi bi wɔ nyamesom mu nanso nea ɛboro so anaa kakraa bi no kɔ so de besi nnɛ. Wɔ asɛnnibea nketewa mu no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo sɛ owura, ɔbea anaa Urdu kasa a ɛne no sɛ Janab anaa Ɔtemmufo Sahab.
==== Sri Lankana ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Sri Lanka no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea dodow no ara atemmufo sɛ Wo Nidi, nanso wɔfrɛ Ɔtemmufo Panyin no sɛ Wo Awurade. Asɛnnibea Kunini ne Asɛnnibea a Wɔde Nsɛm Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no atemmufo nya abodin The Honourable.[citation needed]
==== Vietnam ====
Wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ Vietnam no Quý tòa (nea ɛkyerɛ ankasa ne "Asɛnnibea a Nidi wom").
=== Europa ===
==== bulgaria na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Bulgaria ansa na 1989 reba wɔ komunism nniso no mu no, na wɔfrɛ atemmufo sɛ drugarju (Bulgaria kasa: другарю, lit. ‘ɔyɔnko’). Wɔ 1989 akyi no, gospodín sŭdiya (Bulgaria kasa: господин съдия, a wɔakyerɛ ase ‘ɔtemmufo wura’) anaa gospožo sŭdiya (Bulgaria kasa mu: госпожо съдия, a wɔakyerɛ ase ‘madam ɔtemmufo’).
==== Finland ====
Ɔkwan titiriw biara nni hɔ a wɔfa so kasa; animtew a ɛyɛ ɔkwan biara so no dɔɔso na adeyɛ no nni amanne a ɛyɛ ahintasɛm. Nea ɛne eyi hyia no, wɔfrɛ bagua no guamtrani no sɛ herra/rouva puheenjohtaja ("Owura/Ms. Oguamtrani"). Finland atemmufo de gavel di dwuma, nanso wɔmfa ntade anaa ntade biara nni dwuma wɔ Finland asennibea biara mu.[5]
Wɔ ɔmantam asennibea (käräjäoikeus) mu no, atemmufo mpapahwekwa de abodin käräjätuomari na ɛyɛ adwuma na oguamtrani no yɛ laamanni (mmarahyɛfo). Wɔn a wɔboa wɔn ne notaries (notaari), assessors (asessori) ne referendaries (viskaali) a ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a ebia wobedi nhyiam ahorow anim. Wɔ asɛnnibea ahorow a wɔde asɛm kɔdan asɛnnibea (hovioikeus) mu no, ɔtemmufo a ɔyɛ ɔkwasea wɔ abodin hovioikeudenneuvos, ɔfã bi guamtrani ne hovioikeudenlaamanni na ɔmampanyin di asɛnnibea no anim. Wɔ Asɛnnibea Kunini no mu no, wɔto atemmufo din oikeusneuvos na ɔmampanyin bi na odi asɛnnibea no anim.
==== France na ɛwɔ hɔ ====
Wɔ France no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea bi temmufo a odi anim no Monsieur le président anaa Madame le président, bere a wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔka ho no Monsieur l’Assesseur anaa Madame l’Assesseur. Sɛ wofi asennibea hɔ a, wɔfrɛ atemmufo Monsieur le juge anaa Madame le juge.
=== Germany na ɛwɔ hɔ ===
Wɔ Germany no, wɔfrɛ atemmufoɔ sɛ Herr Vorsitzender anaa Frau Vorsitzende, a wɔkyerɛ aseɛ sɛ "Owura Otitrani" ne "Madam Oguamtrani", anaasɛ Hohes Gericht, a wɔkyerɛ aseɛ sɛ "Asɛnnibea Kunini".
==== Hungary na ɛwɔ hɔ ====
Wɔfrɛ ɔbarima temmufo a ɔhwɛ asɛnnibea bi anim sɛ tisztelt bíró úr, a ɛkyerɛ "Owura Ɔtemmufo a Ɔwɔ Nidi" na wɔfrɛ ɔbea ɔtemmufo a odi anim sɛ tisztelt bírónő, a ɛkyerɛ "Owurayere Ɔtemmufo a Ɔwɔ Nidi Wobetumi afrɛ asɛnnibea no sɛ kuw no sɛ tisztelt bíróság, a ɛkyerɛ "Asɛnnibea a Nidi wom".
==== Ireland na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔto Asɛnnibea Kunini, Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea, anaa Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo din wɔ aban kwan so sɛ The Honorable Mr/Mrs/Ms/Miss Justice Surname (Irish: An Breitheamh Onórach Uasal [abusuadin]), na wɔfrɛ wɔn wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ ɔkwan pa so tiawa sɛ Mr/Mrs/ . Ms/Miss Atemmufo Edin. Wɔ asɛnnibea no, wɔde wɔn abodin anaa ɔkwan a wɔfa so frɛ wɔn, sɛ Asɛnnibea (An Chúirt), anaasɛ Ɔtemmufo (A Bhreithimh) kɛkɛ.[6] Wɔ mmara amanneɛbɔ mu no, Ireland Ɔtemmufo Panyin no wɔ postnominal CJ, Asɛnnibea afoforo no Titenani wɔ postnominal P, na atemmufo afoforo nyinaa J, s.e. Smith J. a ɔyɛ ɔkyerɛwfo.
Wɔato Ɔmansin Asɛnnibea no atemmufoɔ din sɛ His/Her Honor Judge Surname na wɔde wɔn frɛ wɔn wɔ Asɛnnibea sɛ Ɔtemmufoɔ. Ansa na afe 2006 reba no, na wɔfrɛ wɔn M’Awurade (A thiarna) .
Wɔto Ɔmantam Asɛnnibea no atemmufo din sɛ Ɔtemmufo Edin na wɔde wɔn frɛ wɔn wɔ Asɛnnibea sɛ Ɔtemmufo. Ansa na 1991 reba no, na wɔfrɛ saa atemmufo yi Ɔmantam Atemmufo na wɔfrɛ wɔn Mo Som (d’Onóra).
==== Italy na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Italy no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea bi temmufo a odi anim sɛ Signor presidente della corte.
=== Netherlands ===
netherlandsEdit na ɛwɔ hɔ
Wɔ Netherlands no, wɔde krataa nkutoo na ɛkyerɛ atemmufo a wodi anim wɔ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu no sɛ edelachtbare ("Wo Nidi") ma atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea a Edi Kan no mu, edelgrootachtbare ("Wo Nidi Kɛse") ma atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no ne edelhoogachtbare ( "Wo Nidi Kɛse") ma atemmufo a wɔwɔ Netherlands Bagua Kɛse no mu (Asɛnnibea Kunini).
=== Poland na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Poland no, wɔkasa kyerɛ atemmufo a wodi anim wɔ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu bere a wodi asɛm no Wysoki Sądzie ("Asɛnnibea Kunini").
==== Portugal na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Portugal no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wodi anim bere a wodi asɛm no sɛ Meretíssimo Juiz bere a ɔbarima anaa Meretíssima Juíza bere a ɔbea (a ɛkyerɛ "Ɔtemmufo a Ɔfata Sen Biara") anaasɛ Vossa Excelência ("Wo Panyin") bere a wɔankyerɛ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna.
=== Romania na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Romania no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo bere a wɔredi asɛm no sɛ Onorata Instanta (Wo Nidi).[7]
=== Russia na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Russia no, wɔde Vasha Chest (Russia: Ваша Честь, lit. ‘Wo Nidi’) di dwuma ma nsɛmmɔnedi ho nsɛm a ɔtemmufo biako pɛ na odi anim.[8] Wɔ ɔmanfoɔ, aguadi ne nsɛmmɔnedi ho nsɛm a atemmufoɔ kuo bi di anim no, address a ɛfata ne Honourable Court.[8][9][10]
==== Spain na ɛwɔ hɔ ====
Wɔ Spain no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo, atemmufo ne atemmufo sɛ "Wo Awurade" (Su Señoría); nanso, wɔ mmere a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ mu no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo sɛ "Wo Awurade a Ɔsen Biara" (Vuestra Señoría Excelentísima anaa Excelentísimo Señor/Excelentísima Señora); wɔ saa mmere a anibere wom no mu no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea nketewa no atemmufo sɛ "Wo Awurade a Ɔyɛ Nniso Sen Biara" (Vuestra Señoría Ilustrísima anaa Ilustrísimo Señor/Ilustrísima Señora); wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔnyɛ den bere nyinaa "Wo Awurade".
==== Sweden ====
Wɔ Sweden no, wɔ amanne kwan so frɛ asɛnnibea temmufo a odi anim sɛ Herr Ordförande anaa Fru Ordförande, a wɔkyerɛ ase sɛ "Owura Otitrani" ne "Madam Oguamtrani".
=== United Kingdom na ɛwɔ hɔ ===
Hwɛ nso: Address nkrataa wɔ United Kingdom § Atemmu Dwumadibea
==== England ne Wales ====
Wɔ England ne Wales Asɛnnibea ahorow mu no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo sɛ Atemmufo a wɔwɔ. Mprempren wɔde animtew kwan "Awurade" anaa "Awuraa" ma Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo a wonni asetra mu peerages.[11] Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo sɛ "M'Awurade/Awuraa" wɔ asɛnnibea. Wɔ mmara amanneɛbɔ mu no, wɔtaa frɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no Atemmufoɔ sɛ "Awurade/Awuraa N", ɛwom sɛ Nnawɔtwe Mmara Amanneɛbɔ no de nkyerɛwdeɛ a ɛwɔ din akyi "JSC" (e.g. "Lady Smith JSC") ka ho de. Wɔma Asɛnnibea no Titenani ne Ɔmampanyin Abadiakyiri no nkrataa a wɔde kyerɛw din akyi nkrataa PSC ne DPSC. Mmaranimfo anaa mmaranimfo a wɔn ho akokwaw nkutoo na wɔtaa paw wɔn sɛ atemmufo.
Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini ne Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no atemmufo (bere a wɔte saa asennibea ahorow no mu) sɛ "M'Awurade" anaa "M'Awuraa" na wɔfrɛ wɔn "W'Awurade" anaa "Wo Awuraayɛ".
Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no atemmufo a wɔsan frɛ wɔn Lords Justice of Appeal no sɛ "Awurade Ɔtemmufo N" anaa "Awuraa Ɔtemmufo N". Wɔ mmara kwan so nkyerɛwee mu no, wɔma Lords Justices of Appeal no post din nkrataa "LJ": sɛ nhwɛso no, Smith LJ.
Sɛ wɔde Asɛnnibea Kunini no Temmufo bi a onni hɔ rekɔ a, wɔka wɔn ho asɛm sɛ "Owura/Owurayere/Ms. Ɔtemmufo N." Wɔ mmara kwan so nkyerɛwee mu no, wɔde nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ din akyi "J" no kyerɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no Ɔtemmufo (ɔbarima anaa ɔbea): sɛ nhwɛso no, Smith J. Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no Awuranom sɛ "Owura". Wɔfrɛ Insolvency ne Companies Asɛnnibea atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea Kunini no mu sɛ "Ɔtemmufo".
Wɔfrɛ amansin atemmufo ne wɔn a wɔkyere nsɛm gu kasɛt so sɛ "Wo Nidi". Wɔfrɛ amansin atemmufo sɛ "Ne/Ne Nidi Ɔtemmufo N". Wɔ nkyerɛwee mu no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔtwa saa asɛmti yi tiawa sɛ "HHJ" anaa "HH Ɔtemmufo N", nanso ɛnyɛ mmara kwan so nkyerɛwee mu. Wɔfrɛ ɔmantam atemmufo ne asɛnnibea atemmufo sɛ "Sir/Madam".
Wɔtaa frɛ atemmufo sɛ "Wo Som" wɔ England fã kɛse no ara. Wɔsan nso frɛ atemmufoɔ sɛ "Sir/Madam".
==== Scotland na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Scotland Asɛnnibea ahorow mu no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛnnibea, Asɛnnibea Kunini a Ɛhwɛ Atɛntrenee So ne sheriff asɛnnibea ahorow no nyinaa din sɛ "M'Awurade" anaa "M'Awuraa" na wɔfrɛ wɔn "W'Awurade" anaa "Wo Awuraayɛ".
Wɔkasa kyerɛ asomdwoe asennibea ahorow no asomdwoe atɛntrenee mu atemmufo na wɔfrɛ wɔn "Wo Nidi".
=== Ireland atifi fam ===
Ireland Atifi fam atemmu nhyehyɛe no te sɛ England ne Wales de no ara pɛ, na wɔde asɛnnibea a ɛkorɔn atemmufo di nsɛm sɛnea wɔyɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ England ne Wales no. Nanso, nsonsonoe kakraa bi wɔ hɔ wɔ gyinabea ahorow a ɛba fam no mu.
Wɔ Northern Ireland no, nea ɛne ɔmansin temmufo yɛ pɛ ne ɔmantam asennibea temmufo, na wɔka wɔn kasa na wɔde wɔn din to wɔn so sɛnea ɔmansin temmufo te wɔ England ne Wales no. Ɔmantam asennibea atemmufo mpanyimfo a wɔde wɔn ahyɛ Belfast ne Derry mantam asɛnnibea nkyekyem ahorow mu no wɔ abodin ahorow a ɛne Recorder of Belfast ne Recorder of Londonderry (anaa Derry), nanso wɔde wɔn kasa no sɛnea ɔmantam asennibea atemmufo afoforo kasa no. Wɔfrɛ ɔmantam temmufo bi a ɔte Mantam Asɛnnibea no sɛ "Wo Nidi".
Wɔfrɛ ɔmantam temmufo (atemmufo asɛnnibea) sɛ "Wo Som". Ɔtemmufo a ɔnyɛ ɔsɔfo, wɔ nsɛm a ɛwɔ hɔ no mu no, wɔsan frɛ no "Wo Som", na obetumi de din akyi nsɛm "LM" adi dwuma, s.e. "John Smith L. M.".[12] Nsɛm a Wɔka Kyerɛ
==== Amerika Atifi fam ====
==== Canada na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Mpɛn pii no, wobetumi afrɛ Canada atemmufo tẽẽ, a egyina ɔmantam no so, sɛ "M'Awurade", "M'Awuraa", "Wo Nidi" anaa "Atɛntrenee" na wɔfrɛ wɔn wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so wɔ onipa a ɔto so abiɛsa no mu sɛ "Owura a Ɔwɔ Nidi no ( anaasɛ Madam) Ɔtemmufo 'Forename Surname'". Wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ mmara kwan so no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea Kunini bi mu sɛ "Ɔtemmufo 'Abusua Edin'", na ɛnyɛ "Ɔtemmufo 'Abusua Edin.'" Sɛ wɔka ho asɛm wɔ asɛnnibea bi gyinaesi mu a, wɔtaa twa atemmufo abodin ahorow no tiaa de akyi "J. ", sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛfrɛ Ɔtemmufo Smith sɛ Smith J. Wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ asɛnnibea akɛse bi mu sɛ "M'Awurade" anaa "M'Awuraa".[13] Wɔ Ontario no, wɔntaa nka atemmufoɔ ho asɛm sɛ "M'Awurade" anaa "Me Awuraa", na mmom "Wo Nidi" nko ara wɔ Ontario Asɛnnibea Kunini no mu.[14] Kane no, na wɔde saa abodin ahorow yi nkyerɛase te sɛ Votre Honneur ("wo nidi") anaa Votre Seigneurie ("wo wurayɛ") di dwuma wɔ Franse kasa mu; ɛnnɛ, Monsieur le juge ne Madame la juge nkutoo na wɔde di dwuma wɔ aban kwan so. Wɔkyerɛ abodin "temmufo" ne "atɛntrenee" abien no nyinaa ase sɛ ɔtemmufo.
Mpɛn pii no, ɛfata sɛ wode asɛmfua "ɔtemmufo" bedi dwuma bere a woreka gyinabea bi a wɔammɔ ne din anaa nea ɛwɔ hɔ nyinaa ho asɛm, te sɛ "ɔtemmufo a odi asɛm no", anaasɛ bere a woreka asɛnnibea a ɛba fam anaa ɔmantam asɛnnibea te sɛ Ontario Asɛnnibea no muni bi ho asɛm nkutoo. Nea ɛka ho ne Ɔman Ba Atemmufo a wɔfrɛ wɔn "Ɔtemmufo 'Edin'" nkutoo sɛnea wɔpaw wɔn sɛ Ɔman Bagua no gyinaesifo a wɔde wɔn ho no.
Te sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no mufo afoforo no, wɔfrɛ asomdwoe temmufo sɛ "Wo Som", na wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini bi Owura "Owura". Ɛde besi December 7, 2018 no, wɔde Ontario Asɛnnibea Awuranom frɛ wɔn wɔ Borɔfo kasa mu sɛ "Wo Nidi" na wɔ Franse kasa mu sɛ "Votre Honneur" na ɛnyɛ "Owura" bio.
=== United States ===
wɔ aman pii mu wɔ United States nyinaa no, wɔfrɛ ɔtemmufo sɛ "Wo Nidi" anaa "Ɔtemmufo" bere a odi asɛnnibea no anim no. "Ɔtemmufo" betumi ayɛ nea mmaranimfo ne adwumayɛfo taa de di dwuma kɛse, bere a ebia nea ɔde asɛm no kɔdan no anaa nea wɔde asɛm no kɔdan no no taa de emu biara di dwuma. Nea ɛda nsow ne sɛ, Asɛnnibea Kunini a ɛwɔ Los Angeles Mantam mu, asɛnnibea a ɛyɛ biako a ɛsen biara wɔ United States no wɔ mmara bi a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛfrɛ ɔtemmufo no sɛ "Wo Nidi" nkutoo bere a ɔwɔ asɛnnibea no, na ɛnyɛ "Ɔtemmufo", "Ɔtemmufo (din" da )", "ma'am", anaa "owura".[15] Eyi yɛ soronko kakra efisɛ wobu "Ɔtemmufo" ne "Ɔtemmufo (din)" anaa address ahorow a ɛte saa ara sɛ ɛfata na obu wɔ asennibea afoforo pii mu.
Wɔfrɛ Amerika Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo, ne U.S. aman pii ne aman afoforo asennibea kunini atemmufo "atemmufo". Wɔfrɛ Amerika Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo ne asɛnnibea afoforo Atemmufo sɛ "Atemmufo (din)". Wɔfrɛ United States Ɔtemmufo Panyin no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so sɛ "Owura anaa Madam Ɔtemmufo Panyin" nanso wobetumi nso akyerɛ no na wɔafrɛ no "Ɔtemmufo Panyin (din)".
Mpɛn pii no, asɛnnibea akɛse no atemmufo nya dibea ahorow a ɛkorɔn sen atemmufo foforo biara a wɔwɔ tumidi bi mu, a asomdwoe ho ɔtemmufo, ɔtemmufo a okura polisifo asɛnnibea wɔ tumidi ahorow bi mu na ebia obetumi nso adi nsɛm nketenkete ne nsɛmmɔnedi ho asɛm. Nanso, New York Mantam no dan nhyehyɛe a wɔtaa yɛ yi. Wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea a edi kan a edi asɛm wɔ saa mantam yi mu no New York Asɛnnibea Kunini, na wɔfrɛ n'atemmufo "atemmufo". Asɛnnibea a ɛkorɔn a edi hɔ a wɔde asɛm kɔdan no ne Asɛnnibea Kunini, Appellate Division, a wɔsan frɛ n'atemmufo "atemmufo". Nanso, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea kunini a ɛwɔ New York no New York Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea, a wɔfrɛ emufo "atemmufo".
Atemmufoɔ a wɔwɔ tumidie bi te sɛ New York ne New Jersey, a wɔdi ahwɛfoɔ, ahotosoɔ ne agyapadeɛ ho dwuma no, wɔfrɛ wɔn "surrogates".
Ɔtemmufo panyin, wɔ U.S. nneyɛe mu no, yɛ ɔtemmufo a wakɔ pɛnhyen a odi nsɛm a wɔapaw ama aban adwumakuw bi ho dwuma bere a wakɔ pɛnhyen, bere fã.
Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ tumidi ase anaasɛ wɔba fam wɔ U.S. mmara mu adwumayɛ mu sɛ atemmufo, ɛwom sɛ wɔ United States aban asennibea no, wɔfrɛ wɔn atemmufo de. Atemmufo a wɔhyɛ ase wɔ U.S. mmara mu adwumayɛ mu a wɔpaw wɔn wɔ asɛm biara mu, titiriw wɔ nsɛm a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ adanse a ɛkɔ akyiri na ɛyɛ ɔbrɛ kɛse mu no, wɔtaa frɛ wɔn "awuranom" anaa "awuranom titiriw" na wɔwɔ tumi wɔ a asɛm pɔtee bi a wɔtaa gyina asɛm biara so kyerɛ.
=== Oceania ===
=== Australia ===
wɔ Australia no, mprempren wɔfrɛ atemmufo ne, efi afe 2007 no, atemmufo, a wɔwɔ tumidi ahorow nyinaa mu a Australia Asɛnnibea Kunini no ka ho sɛ "Wo Nidi". Wɔ mmara mu nsɛm mu no, wɔfrɛ wɔn "Ne/Ne Nidi" ne "Atemmufo a Ɔwɔ Nidi no Edin" (ma atemmufo a wɔwɔ asɛnnibea akɛse mu) anaa "ne Nidi Ɔtemmufo Edin" (ma asɛnnibea ahorow a ɛba fam). Wɔ mmara mu nsɛm akyi no, kasa a wɔde di dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so ne "Ɔtemmufo" (ma puisne atemmufo) anaa "Ɔtemmufo Panyin" (ma atemmufo atitiriw).
Asɛmti a wɔde ma puisne atemmufo dodow no ara ne "Atɛntrenee", a wɔatwa no tiaa wɔ mmara amanneɛbɔ ahorow a wɔde kɔma postnominal "J" bi mu, wɔ ɔkwan a ɛne "Edin J" mu. Wɔato Asɛnnibea Kunini no Atemmufo Panyin ne ɔman Asɛnnibea Kunini no din "Ɔtemmufo Panyin", a wɔatwa no tiaa wɔ mmara amanneɛbɔ ahorow a wɔde kɔma postnomial "CJ" mu. Wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ Ɔman Asɛnnibea Kunini ahorow a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no mu mpaapaemu soronko (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland ne Western Australia) sɛ Atemmufo/Atemmufo a Wɔde Asɛm Kɔdan Asɛnnibea (a wɔatwa no tiaa "Edin JA"), bere a Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no Titenani wɔfrɛ no "Ɔmampanyin" (wɔatwa no tiaa "Edin P").[16]
=== New Zealand na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ New Zealand no, atemmufo a wɔwɔ New Zealand Ɔmantam Asɛnnibea no taa frɛ wɔn "Ne/Ne Nidi" anaa "Owura/Awuraa". Wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wofi Asɛnnibea Kunini, Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea, ne Asɛnnibea Kunini no sɛ "Ɔtemmufo [Abusua Edin]". Wɔ asetena mu tebea mu no, ɛfata sɛ wɔde "Ɔtemmufo" di dwuma wɔ nsɛm nyinaa mu.[17]
=== Amerika Kesee Fam ===
=== Brazil ===
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'''Ɔtemmufo''' yɛ obi a ɔhwɛ asɛnnibea nsɛm so, ɔno nkutoo anaasɛ ɔka atemmufo kuw bi ho. Ɔtemmufo tie adansefo no nyinaa ne adanse foforo biara a mmaranimfo anaa mmaranimfo a wɔwɔ asɛm no mu de ma no, ɔhwɛ sɛnea afã horow no gye di ne nsɛm a wɔka, na afei ogyina mmara no nkyerɛase ne wɔn ankasa atemmu so bu asɛm no ho gyinae. Wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ ɔtemmufo bi bedi asɛm no animhwɛ, na mpɛn pii no, ɔbɛkɔ asɛnnibea a wɔabue ano.
tumi, dwumadi, ɔkwan a wɔfa so paw atemmufo, nteɛso, ne ntetee a wɔde ma wɔn no gu ahorow kɛse wɔ tumidi ahorow mu. Wɔ aman bi mu no, wobetumi de tumi a ɔtemmufo no wɔ no akyɛ asɛnni baguafo. Wɔ nsɛmmɔnedi ho nhwehwɛmu nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde hwehwɛ nsɛm mu mu no, ebia ɔtemmufo nso bɛyɛ ɔtemmufo a ɔhwehwɛ nsɛm mu. Ɔtemmufo a odi anim no hwɛ hu sɛ asɛnnibea nsɛm nyinaa yɛ nea mmara ma ho kwan na ɛyɛ nhyehyɛe.
== Tumi ne dwumadie ==
Ɔtemmufo adwuma a etwa to ne sɛ obesiesie mmara mu akasakasa bi wɔ ɔkwan a etwa to a ɛyɛ mmara kwan so wɔ baguam so a ɛne afã horow a ɛho hia bɛyɛ adwene. Atemmufo de tumi a ɛho hia di dwuma wɔ aban mu. Wobetumi ahyɛ polisifo, asraafo anaa atemmufo mpanyimfo sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu, nkyere, afiase, nhyɛ nkurɔfo nsa, wɔmfa wɔn nkɔto afiase, wɔmfa nnye wɔn, wɔmfa wɔn nkɔ amannɔne ne nneyɛe a ɛtete saa. Nanso, atemmufo nso hwɛ so sɛ wobedi asɛnni ho nhyehyɛe ahorow akyi, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛhwɛ ma wɔayɛ ade pɛpɛɛpɛ na wɔrenhwɛ animhwɛ na wɔakwati sɛ wɔbɛyɛ biribiara a wɔpɛ. Asɛnnibea akɛse te sɛ asɛnnibea a wɔde asɛm kɔdan asɛnnibea ne asɛnnibea kunini na ɛhwɛ tumi a ɔtemmufo wɔ no mu.
Mpɛn pii no, asɛnnibea no wɔ asɛnnibea mpanyimfo atitiriw baasa a wɔatete wɔn wɔ mmara kwan so: ɔtemmufo, mmaranimfo ne mmaranimfo a ɔde ne ho gye asɛm no mu. Dwumadi a ɔtemmufo di no gu ahorow wɔ mmara nhyehyɛe ahorow mu. Wɔ nhyehyɛe a ɛsɔre tia (mmara a wɔtaa de di dwuma) mu, sɛnea ɛte wɔ U.S. ne England no, ɔtemmufo no yɛ adwuma sɛ ɔtemmufo a onni animhwɛ, titiriw no ɔhwɛ hu sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛteɛ, bere a aban mmaranimfo ne wɔn a wɔde wɔn ho gye asɛm no mu no de wɔn asɛm no kɔma asɛnni baguafo, a wɔtaa paw wɔn fi ɔman mma a wɔtaa yɛ no mu no. Nea ɔhwehwɛ nokwasɛm titiriw ne asɛnni baguafo no, na afei ɔtemmufo no bewie asotwe no. Ne nyinaa mu no, wɔ nsɛm nketenkete mu no, atemmufo betumi abu atɛn tiawa a wɔrenkɔ so anni asɛm wɔ asɛnni baguafo mu. Wɔ asɛmmisa nhyehyɛe (ɔmanfo mmara), sɛnea ɛte wɔ Europa asasepɔn no so no, asɛnni baguafo biara nni hɔ na nea ɔhwehwɛ nokwasɛm titiriw ne ɔtemmufo no, na ɔno ankasa bɛyɛ nea odi anim, abu atɛn na wabu no fɔ. Sɛnea ɛte no, wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ ɔtemmufo no de mmara no bedi dwuma tẽẽ, sɛnea ɛte wɔ Franse kasa mu asɛmfua Le juge est la bouche de la loi ("Ɔtemmufo no yɛ mmara no ano") mu no. Bio nso, wɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow bi mu no, ɔtemmufo no betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu mpo, na wayɛ adwuma sɛ ɔtemmufo a ɔhwehwɛ nneɛma mu.
Atemmufo nkutoo betumi ayɛ adwuma wɔ nsɛm nketenkete mu, nanso wɔ nsɛmmɔnedi, abusua ne nsɛm afoforo a ɛho hia mu no, wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ bagua bi mu. Wɔ ɔmanfo mmara nhyehyɛe ahorow bi mu no, ebia atemmufo a wɔnyɛ asɔfo bɛka saa kuw yi ho. Nea ɛnte sɛ atemmufo a wɔyɛ adwumaden no, wɔntete atemmufo a wɔnyɛ asɔfo wɔ mmara kwan so, nanso nea ɛnte sɛ asɛnni baguafo no, atemmufo a wɔnyɛ asɔfo taa yɛ atuhoamafo na ebia wɔde amammuisɛm paw wɔn. Mmara akyerɛwfo, referendaries ne notaries taa boa atemmufo wɔ mmara mu nsɛm mu ne bailiffs anaa nea ɛte saa a wɔwɔ ahobammɔ.
==== Ahwehwɛde ne bere a wɔahyɛ ho nhyehyɛe ====
Atemmufo a wotu wɔn ho ma ne atemmufo a wɔyɛ adwumaden nyinaa wɔ hɔ. Wɔnhwehwɛ sɛ ɔtemmufo a otu ne ho ma, te sɛ Engiresini ɔtemmufo bi nya mmara ho ntetee na wontua no ka. Esiane sɛ, wɔhwehwɛ sɛ ɔtemmufo a ɔyɛ adwumaden nya mmara ho ade; wɔ U.S. no, mpɛn pii no eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wonya Juris Doctor abodin krataa. Bio nso, mpɛn pii no, ɛho hia sɛ wonya adwumayɛ mu osuahu a ɛho hia; sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ U.S. no, wɔtaa paw atemmufo fi mmaranimfo a wɔn ho akokwaw mu. Ɔman no panyin na ɔtaa paw atemmufo. Nanso, wɔ U.S. aman bi mu no, wɔpaw atemmufo wɔ amammui mu abatow bi mu.
Wɔtaa bu animhwɛ a wonni sɛ ɛho hia ma mmara nniso. Enti, wɔ tumidi ahorow pii mu no, wobetumi apaw atemmufo nkwa nna nyinaa, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a aban mpanyimfo no rentumi nyi wɔn mfi hɔ. Nanso, wɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛnyɛ demokrase mu no, atemmufo a wɔpaw wɔn no betumi ayɛ amammuisɛm kɛse na wɔtaa nya akwankyerɛ wɔ sɛnea wobebu atɛn ho, na sɛ wɔn nneyɛe no ani nsɔ amammui akannifo no ani a, wobetumi ayi afi hɔ.
==== Bu atɛn sɛ adwuma ====
Ɛsɛ sɛ atemmufo tumi yɛ nhwehwɛmu na wɔyɛ nkrataa tenten pii, adansefo adansedi, ne nsɛm afoforo a ɛfa nsɛm ho, te nsɛm a emu yɛ den ase na wonya mmara ne mmara kwan so nhyehyɛe ho ntease a edi mũ, a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wonya nimdeɛ a ɛkyɛn so wɔ nsusuwii a ntease wom, nhwehwɛmu ne gyinaesi mu. Akyerɛw ho nimdeɛ a ɛkyɛn so nso yɛ ade a ɛho hia, esiane nkrataa a wɔakyerɛw no awiei ne tumi a ɛwɔ hɔ nti. Atemmufo ne nkurɔfo yɛ adwuma bere nyinaa; sɛnea adwuma no te no, akasakasa a wosiesie no yiye ne nnipa ntam nkitahodi ho nimdeɛ yɛ ade a ɛho hia. Wɔhwehwɛ sɛ atemmufo nya abrabɔ pa, i.e. ɛnsɛ sɛ nsɛmmɔnedi ho abakɔsɛm biara ba. Atemmufo a wɔyɛ adwumaden taa nya akatua kɛse, wɔ U.S. no, sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, atemmufo akatua yɛ $101,690 afe biara, na aban atemmufo nya $208,000–$267,000 afe biara.
== Nnoɔma ahodoɔ a ɛhyɛn wɔn nso ==
atetesɛm ahorow abɛyɛ nea ɛne dibea anaa adwuma no wɔ abusuabɔ. Atemmufo de gavel (amane kwan so hama) di dwuma wɔ aman pii mu, araa ma gavel no abɛyɛ ɔtemmufo ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Wɔ wiase mmeae pii no, atemmufo hyɛ ntade atenten (a wɔtaa yɛ tuntum anaa kɔkɔɔ) na wɔtra asɛnka agua a ɛkorɔn so bere a wɔredi asɛm no (a wonim no sɛ benkyi).
Amerika atemmufo taa hyɛ ntade tuntum. Amerika atemmufo wɔ amanne kwan so gavels, ɛwom sɛ Amerika atemmufo wɔ asɛnnibea ananmusifo anaa bailiffs ne animtiaabu a wobu asɛnnibea tumi sɛ wɔn mfiri atitiriw a wɔde kura suban pa mu wɔ asɛnnibea dan no mu de. Nanso, wɔ United States Atɔe Fam mmeae bi, te sɛ California no, na atemmufo nhyɛ ntade bere nyinaa na mmom na wɔhyɛ ntade a wɔhyɛ da biara da. Ɛnnɛ, ɔman no asennibea akɛse te sɛ Maryland Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no mufo binom hyɛ ntade soronko. Wɔ Italy ne Portugal no, atemmufo ne mmaranimfo nyinaa hyɛ ntade tuntum pɔtee bi.
Wɔ aman bi mu, titiriw wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no mu no, atemmufo hyɛ wig. Mprempren wɔde wig tenten a wɔtaa de bata atemmufo ho no asie ama amanne ahorow, ɛwom sɛ na ɛyɛ ntade a wɔtaa hyɛ wɔ mfehaha a atwam no mu no fã de. Ná wɔbɛhyɛ wig tiawa bi a ɛte sɛ mmaranimfo wig (Bench Wig) nanso ɛnyɛ nsɛ wɔ asɛnnibea. Nanso, wɔreyi saa atetesɛm yi afi hɔ nkakrankakra wɔ Britain wɔ asɛnnibea ahorow a ɛnyɛ nsɛmmɔnedi mu.[3]
Wɔ Oman no, ɔtemmufo no hyɛ nsensanee tenten (kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono fitaa), bere a mmaranimfo no hyɛ atade tuntum no.
Wɔ Portugal ne kan Portugal Ahemman no mu no, na atemmufo no de poma bi a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ ma atemmufo mpapahwekwa na ɛyɛ fitaa ma atemmufo no fi akyi.
== Asɛmti ne address ahorow ==
Sua pii
Saa ɔfã yi hia nsɛm foforo a wɔafa aka de akyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nokware. (Ɔpɛpɔn 2021)
==== Asia ====
=== Hong Kong na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Hong Kong no, wɔde Borɔfo anaa Hong Kong Cantonese (Ye China kasa bi) di asɛnnibea nsɛm. Hong Kong atemmufo kura Engiresifo atetesɛm ahorow pii te sɛ wig ne ntade a wɔhyɛ wɔ asɛnnibea ahorow mu.
Wɔ asɛnnibea nketewa no mu no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo sɛ Wo som, na wɔfrɛ ɔmantam asɛnnibea atemmufo sɛ Wo Nidi.
Wɔ asɛnnibea akɛse a ɛwɔ kyerɛwtohɔ mu, a ɛne Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea a Etwa To ne Asɛnnibea Kunini (a Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea ne Asɛnnibea a Edi Kan na ɛwom) no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo sɛ M’Awurade anaa M’Awuraa na wɔfrɛ wɔn W’Awurade anaa Wo de Ladyship, a edi Engiresifo atetesɛm akyi.
Wɔ nkyerɛwee mu no, wɔde nkrataa a ɛwɔ din akyi PJ no di dwuma de kyerɛ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no temmufo a ɔtra hɔ daa ne NPJ de kɔma ɔtemmufo a ɔnyɛ daa. Wɔ Asɛnnibea Kunini no mu no, wɔde asɛmfua tiawa JA di dwuma de kyerɛ ɔtemmufo a ɔde asɛm no kɔdan asɛnnibea, na nkyerɛwde J no kyerɛ Asɛnnibea a Edi Kan no temmufo bi.
Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no Awuranom sɛ Owura.
Sɛ wɔyɛ asɛnni wɔ China kasa mu a, na wɔka atemmufo ho asɛm, wɔ Canton kasa mu, sɛ Fat Goon Dai Yan (Hong Kong Cantonese: 法官大人, romanized: faat3 gun1 daai6 jan4, lit. ‘Ɔtemmufo, wo wurayɛ’) ansa na wɔde tumidi no afi hɔ United Kingdom kɔ China, ne sɛ Fat Goon Gok Ha (Hong Kong Cantonese: 法官閣下, romanized: faat3 gun1 gok3 haa6, lit. ‘Ɔtemmufo, wo nidi’) fi 1997. Fat Goon (Hong Kong Cantonese: 法官, romanized: faat gun1, lit. 'Ɔtemmufo') kyerɛ asɛmfua "ɔtemmufo".
=== India ===
wɔ India no, na wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini ne Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo sɛ Wo Awurade anaa M’Awurade ne W’Awuraa anaa Me Awuraa, atetesɛm a wotumi ka sɛ efi England tẽẽ. Na Bar Council of India no agye gyinaesi bi atom wɔ April 2006 mu na wɔde Mmara foforo 49(1)(j) aka ho wɔ Advocates Act no mu. Sɛnea mmara no kyerɛ no, mmaranimfo betumi afrɛ asɛnnibea no sɛ Wo Nidi na wɔafrɛ no Nidi Asɛnnibea. Sɛ ɛyɛ asɛnnibea a ɛhyɛ ase a, mmaranimfoɔ bɛtumi de nsɛmfua te sɛ sir anaa kasasin biara a ɛne no sɛ adi dwuma wɔ ɔmantam kasa a ɛfa ho no mu. Bere a wɔrekyerɛkyerɛ ntease a ɛwɔ adeyɛ no akyi no, na Bar Council no aka sɛ nsɛmfua te sɛ M'Awurade ne W'Awurade no yɛ "atubrafo bere a atwam no nkaedum". Efi saa bere no, wɔde gyinaesi no akɔma ɔman no bagua ahorow nyinaa ne Asɛnnibea Kunini no ma wɔagye atom nanso bɛboro mfe anum mprempren no, gyinaesi no kɔɔ so traa krataa so kɛse.
Nanso, wɔ adeyɛ bi a ebi mmae da wɔ October 2009 mu no, na Madras HC atemmufo no mu biako, Ɔtemmufo K Chandru abara mmaranimfo sɛ wɔmfrɛ n’asɛnnibea sɛ M’Awurade ne Wo Awurade.
==== Israel ====
Wɔ Israel no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea ahorow nyinaa atemmufo (Hebri: שופט, romanized: shofét, lit. ‘ɔtemmufo’) sɛ Owura, Madam (Hebri: אדוני/גבירתי, romanized: adoni/geverti) anaa Wo Nidi (Hebri : ɔבודו/כבודה, wɔde nkyerɛwde a ɛyɛ roman: kevodo/kevoda). Mpɛn pii no, edin biara akyi no wobɛte haShofét, a ɛkyerɛ "ɔtemmufo no" wɔ address a ɛfa ho no akyi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Wo Nidi Ɔtemmufo no bɛyɛ כבוד השופט (kevod haShofét).
==== Malaysia na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Malaysia no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea ahorow a ɛwɔ ase no atemmufo sɛ Tuan anaa Puan ("Owura", "Awuraa"), anaa Wo Nidi. Wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea akɛse no atemmufo sɛ Yang Arif (lit. ‘Osuaafo’) anaa M’Awurade, M’Awuraa, ne nea ɛkeka ho; ne Wo Awurade anaa Me Awuraa sɛ nsɛm no, sɛnea ɛtaa yɛ wɔ asɛnnibea akɛse no mu no, yɛ Borɔfo kasa mu a.
=== Pakistan na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Pakistan no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo ne asɛnnibea akɛse no sɛ Wo Awurade anaa M’Awurade anaa Awurade ne Wo Awuraa anaa M’Awuraa, atetesɛm a wobetumi aka sɛ efi England tẽẽ. Wɔsɔre tia eyi bi wɔ nyamesom mu nanso nea ɛboro so anaa kakraa bi no kɔ so de besi nnɛ. Wɔ asɛnnibea nketewa mu no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo sɛ owura, ɔbea anaa Urdu kasa a ɛne no sɛ Janab anaa Ɔtemmufo Sahab.
==== Sri Lankana ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Sri Lanka no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea dodow no ara atemmufo sɛ Wo Nidi, nanso wɔfrɛ Ɔtemmufo Panyin no sɛ Wo Awurade. Asɛnnibea Kunini ne Asɛnnibea a Wɔde Nsɛm Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no atemmufo nya abodin The Honourable.[citation needed]
==== Vietnam ====
Wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ Vietnam no Quý tòa (nea ɛkyerɛ ankasa ne "Asɛnnibea a Nidi wom").
=== Europa ===
==== bulgaria na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Bulgaria ansa na 1989 reba wɔ komunism nniso no mu no, na wɔfrɛ atemmufo sɛ drugarju (Bulgaria kasa: другарю, lit. ‘ɔyɔnko’). Wɔ 1989 akyi no, gospodín sŭdiya (Bulgaria kasa: господин съдия, a wɔakyerɛ ase ‘ɔtemmufo wura’) anaa gospožo sŭdiya (Bulgaria kasa mu: госпожо съдия, a wɔakyerɛ ase ‘madam ɔtemmufo’).
==== Finland ====
Ɔkwan titiriw biara nni hɔ a wɔfa so kasa; animtew a ɛyɛ ɔkwan biara so no dɔɔso na adeyɛ no nni amanne a ɛyɛ ahintasɛm. Nea ɛne eyi hyia no, wɔfrɛ bagua no guamtrani no sɛ herra/rouva puheenjohtaja ("Owura/Ms. Oguamtrani"). Finland atemmufo de gavel di dwuma, nanso wɔmfa ntade anaa ntade biara nni dwuma wɔ Finland asennibea biara mu.[5]
Wɔ ɔmantam asennibea (käräjäoikeus) mu no, atemmufo mpapahwekwa de abodin käräjätuomari na ɛyɛ adwuma na oguamtrani no yɛ laamanni (mmarahyɛfo). Wɔn a wɔboa wɔn ne notaries (notaari), assessors (asessori) ne referendaries (viskaali) a ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a ebia wobedi nhyiam ahorow anim. Wɔ asɛnnibea ahorow a wɔde asɛm kɔdan asɛnnibea (hovioikeus) mu no, ɔtemmufo a ɔyɛ ɔkwasea wɔ abodin hovioikeudenneuvos, ɔfã bi guamtrani ne hovioikeudenlaamanni na ɔmampanyin di asɛnnibea no anim. Wɔ Asɛnnibea Kunini no mu no, wɔto atemmufo din oikeusneuvos na ɔmampanyin bi na odi asɛnnibea no anim.
==== France na ɛwɔ hɔ ====
Wɔ France no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea bi temmufo a odi anim no Monsieur le président anaa Madame le président, bere a wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔka ho no Monsieur l’Assesseur anaa Madame l’Assesseur. Sɛ wofi asennibea hɔ a, wɔfrɛ atemmufo Monsieur le juge anaa Madame le juge.
=== Germany na ɛwɔ hɔ ===
Wɔ Germany no, wɔfrɛ atemmufoɔ sɛ Herr Vorsitzender anaa Frau Vorsitzende, a wɔkyerɛ aseɛ sɛ "Owura Otitrani" ne "Madam Oguamtrani", anaasɛ Hohes Gericht, a wɔkyerɛ aseɛ sɛ "Asɛnnibea Kunini".
==== Hungary na ɛwɔ hɔ ====
Wɔfrɛ ɔbarima temmufo a ɔhwɛ asɛnnibea bi anim sɛ tisztelt bíró úr, a ɛkyerɛ "Owura Ɔtemmufo a Ɔwɔ Nidi" na wɔfrɛ ɔbea ɔtemmufo a odi anim sɛ tisztelt bírónő, a ɛkyerɛ "Owurayere Ɔtemmufo a Ɔwɔ Nidi Wobetumi afrɛ asɛnnibea no sɛ kuw no sɛ tisztelt bíróság, a ɛkyerɛ "Asɛnnibea a Nidi wom".
==== Ireland na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔto Asɛnnibea Kunini, Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea, anaa Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo din wɔ aban kwan so sɛ The Honorable Mr/Mrs/Ms/Miss Justice Surname (Irish: An Breitheamh Onórach Uasal [abusuadin]), na wɔfrɛ wɔn wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ ɔkwan pa so tiawa sɛ Mr/Mrs/ . Ms/Miss Atemmufo Edin. Wɔ asɛnnibea no, wɔde wɔn abodin anaa ɔkwan a wɔfa so frɛ wɔn, sɛ Asɛnnibea (An Chúirt), anaasɛ Ɔtemmufo (A Bhreithimh) kɛkɛ.[6] Wɔ mmara amanneɛbɔ mu no, Ireland Ɔtemmufo Panyin no wɔ postnominal CJ, Asɛnnibea afoforo no Titenani wɔ postnominal P, na atemmufo afoforo nyinaa J, s.e. Smith J. a ɔyɛ ɔkyerɛwfo.
Wɔato Ɔmansin Asɛnnibea no atemmufoɔ din sɛ His/Her Honor Judge Surname na wɔde wɔn frɛ wɔn wɔ Asɛnnibea sɛ Ɔtemmufoɔ. Ansa na afe 2006 reba no, na wɔfrɛ wɔn M’Awurade (A thiarna) .
Wɔto Ɔmantam Asɛnnibea no atemmufo din sɛ Ɔtemmufo Edin na wɔde wɔn frɛ wɔn wɔ Asɛnnibea sɛ Ɔtemmufo. Ansa na 1991 reba no, na wɔfrɛ saa atemmufo yi Ɔmantam Atemmufo na wɔfrɛ wɔn Mo Som (d’Onóra).
==== Italy na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Italy no, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea bi temmufo a odi anim sɛ Signor presidente della corte.
=== Netherlands ===
netherlandsEdit na ɛwɔ hɔ
Wɔ Netherlands no, wɔde krataa nkutoo na ɛkyerɛ atemmufo a wodi anim wɔ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu no sɛ edelachtbare ("Wo Nidi") ma atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea a Edi Kan no mu, edelgrootachtbare ("Wo Nidi Kɛse") ma atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no ne edelhoogachtbare ( "Wo Nidi Kɛse") ma atemmufo a wɔwɔ Netherlands Bagua Kɛse no mu (Asɛnnibea Kunini).
=== Poland na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Poland no, wɔkasa kyerɛ atemmufo a wodi anim wɔ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu bere a wodi asɛm no Wysoki Sądzie ("Asɛnnibea Kunini").
==== Portugal na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Portugal no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wodi anim bere a wodi asɛm no sɛ Meretíssimo Juiz bere a ɔbarima anaa Meretíssima Juíza bere a ɔbea (a ɛkyerɛ "Ɔtemmufo a Ɔfata Sen Biara") anaasɛ Vossa Excelência ("Wo Panyin") bere a wɔankyerɛ ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna.
=== Romania na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Romania no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo bere a wɔredi asɛm no sɛ Onorata Instanta (Wo Nidi).[7]
=== Russia na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ Russia no, wɔde Vasha Chest (Russia: Ваша Честь, lit. ‘Wo Nidi’) di dwuma ma nsɛmmɔnedi ho nsɛm a ɔtemmufo biako pɛ na odi anim.[8] Wɔ ɔmanfoɔ, aguadi ne nsɛmmɔnedi ho nsɛm a atemmufoɔ kuo bi di anim no, address a ɛfata ne Honourable Court.[8][9][10]
==== Spain na ɛwɔ hɔ ====
Wɔ Spain no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo, atemmufo ne atemmufo sɛ "Wo Awurade" (Su Señoría); nanso, wɔ mmere a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ mu no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo sɛ "Wo Awurade a Ɔsen Biara" (Vuestra Señoría Excelentísima anaa Excelentísimo Señor/Excelentísima Señora); wɔ saa mmere a anibere wom no mu no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea nketewa no atemmufo sɛ "Wo Awurade a Ɔyɛ Nniso Sen Biara" (Vuestra Señoría Ilustrísima anaa Ilustrísimo Señor/Ilustrísima Señora); wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔnyɛ den bere nyinaa "Wo Awurade".
==== Sweden ====
Wɔ Sweden no, wɔ amanne kwan so frɛ asɛnnibea temmufo a odi anim sɛ Herr Ordförande anaa Fru Ordförande, a wɔkyerɛ ase sɛ "Owura Otitrani" ne "Madam Oguamtrani".
=== United Kingdom na ɛwɔ hɔ ===
Hwɛ nso: Address nkrataa wɔ United Kingdom § Atemmu Dwumadibea
==== England ne Wales ====
Wɔ England ne Wales Asɛnnibea ahorow mu no, wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo sɛ Atemmufo a wɔwɔ. Mprempren wɔde animtew kwan "Awurade" anaa "Awuraa" ma Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo a wonni asetra mu peerages.[11] Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo sɛ "M'Awurade/Awuraa" wɔ asɛnnibea. Wɔ mmara amanneɛbɔ mu no, wɔtaa frɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no Atemmufoɔ sɛ "Awurade/Awuraa N", ɛwom sɛ Nnawɔtwe Mmara Amanneɛbɔ no de nkyerɛwdeɛ a ɛwɔ din akyi "JSC" (e.g. "Lady Smith JSC") ka ho de. Wɔma Asɛnnibea no Titenani ne Ɔmampanyin Abadiakyiri no nkrataa a wɔde kyerɛw din akyi nkrataa PSC ne DPSC. Mmaranimfo anaa mmaranimfo a wɔn ho akokwaw nkutoo na wɔtaa paw wɔn sɛ atemmufo.
Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini ne Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no atemmufo (bere a wɔte saa asennibea ahorow no mu) sɛ "M'Awurade" anaa "M'Awuraa" na wɔfrɛ wɔn "W'Awurade" anaa "Wo Awuraayɛ".
Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no atemmufo a wɔsan frɛ wɔn Lords Justice of Appeal no sɛ "Awurade Ɔtemmufo N" anaa "Awuraa Ɔtemmufo N". Wɔ mmara kwan so nkyerɛwee mu no, wɔma Lords Justices of Appeal no post din nkrataa "LJ": sɛ nhwɛso no, Smith LJ.
Sɛ wɔde Asɛnnibea Kunini no Temmufo bi a onni hɔ rekɔ a, wɔka wɔn ho asɛm sɛ "Owura/Owurayere/Ms. Ɔtemmufo N." Wɔ mmara kwan so nkyerɛwee mu no, wɔde nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ din akyi "J" no kyerɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no Ɔtemmufo (ɔbarima anaa ɔbea): sɛ nhwɛso no, Smith J. Wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini no Awuranom sɛ "Owura". Wɔfrɛ Insolvency ne Companies Asɛnnibea atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea Kunini no mu sɛ "Ɔtemmufo".
Wɔfrɛ amansin atemmufo ne wɔn a wɔkyere nsɛm gu kasɛt so sɛ "Wo Nidi". Wɔfrɛ amansin atemmufo sɛ "Ne/Ne Nidi Ɔtemmufo N". Wɔ nkyerɛwee mu no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔtwa saa asɛmti yi tiawa sɛ "HHJ" anaa "HH Ɔtemmufo N", nanso ɛnyɛ mmara kwan so nkyerɛwee mu. Wɔfrɛ ɔmantam atemmufo ne asɛnnibea atemmufo sɛ "Sir/Madam".
Wɔtaa frɛ atemmufo sɛ "Wo Som" wɔ England fã kɛse no ara. Wɔsan nso frɛ atemmufoɔ sɛ "Sir/Madam".
==== Scotland na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Wɔ Scotland Asɛnnibea ahorow mu no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛnnibea, Asɛnnibea Kunini a Ɛhwɛ Atɛntrenee So ne sheriff asɛnnibea ahorow no nyinaa din sɛ "M'Awurade" anaa "M'Awuraa" na wɔfrɛ wɔn "W'Awurade" anaa "Wo Awuraayɛ".
Wɔkasa kyerɛ asomdwoe asennibea ahorow no asomdwoe atɛntrenee mu atemmufo na wɔfrɛ wɔn "Wo Nidi".
=== Ireland atifi fam ===
Ireland Atifi fam atemmu nhyehyɛe no te sɛ England ne Wales de no ara pɛ, na wɔde asɛnnibea a ɛkorɔn atemmufo di nsɛm sɛnea wɔyɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ England ne Wales no. Nanso, nsonsonoe kakraa bi wɔ hɔ wɔ gyinabea ahorow a ɛba fam no mu.
Wɔ Northern Ireland no, nea ɛne ɔmansin temmufo yɛ pɛ ne ɔmantam asennibea temmufo, na wɔka wɔn kasa na wɔde wɔn din to wɔn so sɛnea ɔmansin temmufo te wɔ England ne Wales no. Ɔmantam asennibea atemmufo mpanyimfo a wɔde wɔn ahyɛ Belfast ne Derry mantam asɛnnibea nkyekyem ahorow mu no wɔ abodin ahorow a ɛne Recorder of Belfast ne Recorder of Londonderry (anaa Derry), nanso wɔde wɔn kasa no sɛnea ɔmantam asennibea atemmufo afoforo kasa no. Wɔfrɛ ɔmantam temmufo bi a ɔte Mantam Asɛnnibea no sɛ "Wo Nidi".
Wɔfrɛ ɔmantam temmufo (atemmufo asɛnnibea) sɛ "Wo Som". Ɔtemmufo a ɔnyɛ ɔsɔfo, wɔ nsɛm a ɛwɔ hɔ no mu no, wɔsan frɛ no "Wo Som", na obetumi de din akyi nsɛm "LM" adi dwuma, s.e. "John Smith L. M.".[12] Nsɛm a Wɔka Kyerɛ
==== Amerika Atifi fam ====
==== Canada na ɛyɛ fɛ ====
Mpɛn pii no, wobetumi afrɛ Canada atemmufo tẽẽ, a egyina ɔmantam no so, sɛ "M'Awurade", "M'Awuraa", "Wo Nidi" anaa "Atɛntrenee" na wɔfrɛ wɔn wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so wɔ onipa a ɔto so abiɛsa no mu sɛ "Owura a Ɔwɔ Nidi no ( anaasɛ Madam) Ɔtemmufo 'Forename Surname'". Wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ mmara kwan so no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea Kunini bi mu sɛ "Ɔtemmufo 'Abusua Edin'", na ɛnyɛ "Ɔtemmufo 'Abusua Edin.'" Sɛ wɔka ho asɛm wɔ asɛnnibea bi gyinaesi mu a, wɔtaa twa atemmufo abodin ahorow no tiaa de akyi "J. ", sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛfrɛ Ɔtemmufo Smith sɛ Smith J. Wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ asɛnnibea akɛse bi mu sɛ "M'Awurade" anaa "M'Awuraa".[13] Wɔ Ontario no, wɔntaa nka atemmufoɔ ho asɛm sɛ "M'Awurade" anaa "Me Awuraa", na mmom "Wo Nidi" nko ara wɔ Ontario Asɛnnibea Kunini no mu.[14] Kane no, na wɔde saa abodin ahorow yi nkyerɛase te sɛ Votre Honneur ("wo nidi") anaa Votre Seigneurie ("wo wurayɛ") di dwuma wɔ Franse kasa mu; ɛnnɛ, Monsieur le juge ne Madame la juge nkutoo na wɔde di dwuma wɔ aban kwan so. Wɔkyerɛ abodin "temmufo" ne "atɛntrenee" abien no nyinaa ase sɛ ɔtemmufo.
Mpɛn pii no, ɛfata sɛ wode asɛmfua "ɔtemmufo" bedi dwuma bere a woreka gyinabea bi a wɔammɔ ne din anaa nea ɛwɔ hɔ nyinaa ho asɛm, te sɛ "ɔtemmufo a odi asɛm no", anaasɛ bere a woreka asɛnnibea a ɛba fam anaa ɔmantam asɛnnibea te sɛ Ontario Asɛnnibea no muni bi ho asɛm nkutoo. Nea ɛka ho ne Ɔman Ba Atemmufo a wɔfrɛ wɔn "Ɔtemmufo 'Edin'" nkutoo sɛnea wɔpaw wɔn sɛ Ɔman Bagua no gyinaesifo a wɔde wɔn ho no.
Te sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no mufo afoforo no, wɔfrɛ asomdwoe temmufo sɛ "Wo Som", na wɔfrɛ Asɛnnibea Kunini bi Owura "Owura". Ɛde besi December 7, 2018 no, wɔde Ontario Asɛnnibea Awuranom frɛ wɔn wɔ Borɔfo kasa mu sɛ "Wo Nidi" na wɔ Franse kasa mu sɛ "Votre Honneur" na ɛnyɛ "Owura" bio.
=== United States ===
wɔ aman pii mu wɔ United States nyinaa no, wɔfrɛ ɔtemmufo sɛ "Wo Nidi" anaa "Ɔtemmufo" bere a odi asɛnnibea no anim no. "Ɔtemmufo" betumi ayɛ nea mmaranimfo ne adwumayɛfo taa de di dwuma kɛse, bere a ebia nea ɔde asɛm no kɔdan no anaa nea wɔde asɛm no kɔdan no no taa de emu biara di dwuma. Nea ɛda nsow ne sɛ, Asɛnnibea Kunini a ɛwɔ Los Angeles Mantam mu, asɛnnibea a ɛyɛ biako a ɛsen biara wɔ United States no wɔ mmara bi a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛfrɛ ɔtemmufo no sɛ "Wo Nidi" nkutoo bere a ɔwɔ asɛnnibea no, na ɛnyɛ "Ɔtemmufo", "Ɔtemmufo (din" da )", "ma'am", anaa "owura".[15] Eyi yɛ soronko kakra efisɛ wobu "Ɔtemmufo" ne "Ɔtemmufo (din)" anaa address ahorow a ɛte saa ara sɛ ɛfata na obu wɔ asennibea afoforo pii mu.
Wɔfrɛ Amerika Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo, ne U.S. aman pii ne aman afoforo asennibea kunini atemmufo "atemmufo". Wɔfrɛ Amerika Asɛnnibea Kunini no atemmufo ne asɛnnibea afoforo Atemmufo sɛ "Atemmufo (din)". Wɔfrɛ United States Ɔtemmufo Panyin no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so sɛ "Owura anaa Madam Ɔtemmufo Panyin" nanso wobetumi nso akyerɛ no na wɔafrɛ no "Ɔtemmufo Panyin (din)".
Mpɛn pii no, asɛnnibea akɛse no atemmufo nya dibea ahorow a ɛkorɔn sen atemmufo foforo biara a wɔwɔ tumidi bi mu, a asomdwoe ho ɔtemmufo, ɔtemmufo a okura polisifo asɛnnibea wɔ tumidi ahorow bi mu na ebia obetumi nso adi nsɛm nketenkete ne nsɛmmɔnedi ho asɛm. Nanso, New York Mantam no dan nhyehyɛe a wɔtaa yɛ yi. Wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea a edi kan a edi asɛm wɔ saa mantam yi mu no New York Asɛnnibea Kunini, na wɔfrɛ n'atemmufo "atemmufo". Asɛnnibea a ɛkorɔn a edi hɔ a wɔde asɛm kɔdan no ne Asɛnnibea Kunini, Appellate Division, a wɔsan frɛ n'atemmufo "atemmufo". Nanso, wɔfrɛ asɛnnibea kunini a ɛwɔ New York no New York Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea, a wɔfrɛ emufo "atemmufo".
Atemmufoɔ a wɔwɔ tumidie bi te sɛ New York ne New Jersey, a wɔdi ahwɛfoɔ, ahotosoɔ ne agyapadeɛ ho dwuma no, wɔfrɛ wɔn "surrogates".
Ɔtemmufo panyin, wɔ U.S. nneyɛe mu no, yɛ ɔtemmufo a wakɔ pɛnhyen a odi nsɛm a wɔapaw ama aban adwumakuw bi ho dwuma bere a wakɔ pɛnhyen, bere fã.
Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ tumidi ase anaasɛ wɔba fam wɔ U.S. mmara mu adwumayɛ mu sɛ atemmufo, ɛwom sɛ wɔ United States aban asennibea no, wɔfrɛ wɔn atemmufo de. Atemmufo a wɔhyɛ ase wɔ U.S. mmara mu adwumayɛ mu a wɔpaw wɔn wɔ asɛm biara mu, titiriw wɔ nsɛm a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ adanse a ɛkɔ akyiri na ɛyɛ ɔbrɛ kɛse mu no, wɔtaa frɛ wɔn "awuranom" anaa "awuranom titiriw" na wɔwɔ tumi wɔ a asɛm pɔtee bi a wɔtaa gyina asɛm biara so kyerɛ.
=== Oceania ===
=== Australia ===
wɔ Australia no, mprempren wɔfrɛ atemmufo ne, efi afe 2007 no, atemmufo, a wɔwɔ tumidi ahorow nyinaa mu a Australia Asɛnnibea Kunini no ka ho sɛ "Wo Nidi". Wɔ mmara mu nsɛm mu no, wɔfrɛ wɔn "Ne/Ne Nidi" ne "Atemmufo a Ɔwɔ Nidi no Edin" (ma atemmufo a wɔwɔ asɛnnibea akɛse mu) anaa "ne Nidi Ɔtemmufo Edin" (ma asɛnnibea ahorow a ɛba fam). Wɔ mmara mu nsɛm akyi no, kasa a wɔde di dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so ne "Ɔtemmufo" (ma puisne atemmufo) anaa "Ɔtemmufo Panyin" (ma atemmufo atitiriw).
Asɛmti a wɔde ma puisne atemmufo dodow no ara ne "Atɛntrenee", a wɔatwa no tiaa wɔ mmara amanneɛbɔ ahorow a wɔde kɔma postnominal "J" bi mu, wɔ ɔkwan a ɛne "Edin J" mu. Wɔato Asɛnnibea Kunini no Atemmufo Panyin ne ɔman Asɛnnibea Kunini no din "Ɔtemmufo Panyin", a wɔatwa no tiaa wɔ mmara amanneɛbɔ ahorow a wɔde kɔma postnomial "CJ" mu. Wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔwɔ Ɔman Asɛnnibea Kunini ahorow a wɔwɔ Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no mu mpaapaemu soronko (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland ne Western Australia) sɛ Atemmufo/Atemmufo a Wɔde Asɛm Kɔdan Asɛnnibea (a wɔatwa no tiaa "Edin JA"), bere a Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea no Titenani wɔfrɛ no "Ɔmampanyin" (wɔatwa no tiaa "Edin P").[16]
=== New Zealand na ɛyɛ fɛ ===
Wɔ New Zealand no, atemmufo a wɔwɔ New Zealand Ɔmantam Asɛnnibea no taa frɛ wɔn "Ne/Ne Nidi" anaa "Owura/Awuraa". Wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wofi Asɛnnibea Kunini, Asɛnnibea a Ɛhwɛ Asɛm a Wɔde Kɔdan Asɛnnibea, ne Asɛnnibea Kunini no sɛ "Ɔtemmufo [Abusua Edin]". Wɔ asetena mu tebea mu no, ɛfata sɛ wɔde "Ɔtemmufo" di dwuma wɔ nsɛm nyinaa mu.[17]
=== Amerika Kesee Fam ===
=== Brazil ===
wɔ Brazil no, wɔfrɛ atemmufo kɛkɛ sɛ "Juiz" anaa "Juíza" (mmari ne mmea "ɔtemmufo") na wɔ amanne kwan so frɛ wɔn sɛ "Vossa Excelência" (lit. 'Wo Anuonyam', a wɔkyerɛ ase sɛ 'Wo Nidi') anaa " . Meritíssimo" ('Onuonyam', nanso wɔde di dwuma sɛ edinnsiananmu a wɔsan kyerɛ ase sɛ 'Wo Nidi'). Wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔka kuw bi ho wɔ Ɔman Asɛnnibea, anaa Ɔman Asɛnnibea no "desembargadores". Wɔfrɛ atemmufo a wɔte asennibea akɛse no mu (Supremo Tribunal Federal, Superior Tribunal de Justiça, Tribunal Superior do Trabalho, Superior Tribunal Militar ne Tribunal Superior Eleitoral) no "ministro" anaa "ministra" (mmari ne ɔbea kwan a wɔfa so yɛ "ɔsomfo") ne nso a wɔfrɛ no "Vossa Excelência".
==== Amanaman ntam asennibea ahorow ====
Wɔ Amanaman Ntam Asɛnnibea no, wobetumi de abodin ahorow a wonyae wɔ aman a wofi mu no adi atemmufo anim.[citation needed]
Wɔfrɛ Amanaman Ntam Nsɛmmɔnedi Asɛnnibea atemmufo sɛ "ɔtemmufo".[citation needed]
== Bible ne Israel atemmufo ==
Bible mu Atemmufo Nhoma no di akannifo a wodi ntoatoaso a na wonim wɔn sɛ "atemmufo" (Hebri shortim שופטים) nanso – sɛ wɔde wɔn atemmu adwuma no to nkyɛn a – na wɔyɛ mmusuakuw akodi akannifo nso ho. Wɔde saa abodin yi nso paw Tete Carthage akannifo no. Nanso, wɔde asɛmfua koro no ara di dwuma wɔ Israel a ɛwɔ hɔ nnɛ no mu de kyerɛ atemmufo a wɔn dwumadi ne wɔn tumidi te sɛ nea ɛwɔ nnɛyi aman afoforo mu no. Wɔde asɛmfua koro no ara nso di dwuma wɔ nnɛyi Hebri kasa mu ma atemmufo wɔ akansi biara mu ne titiriw wɔ agumadi mu. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛda nsow wɔ atemmufo atemmufo ne wɔn ho wɔn ho ho no, wɔde akansi no ko a wɔde bɛka ho wɔ asɛmfua "shofet" akyi wɔ construct tebea no mu (e.g. "shofet kaduregel" שופט כדורגל, a ɛkyerɛ ankasa ne "bɔlbɔ temmufo").
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