Wikipedia twwiki https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratafa_Titiriw MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.8 first-letter Media Soronko Nkitahode Dwumadini Dwumadini nkitahode Wikipedia Wikipedia nkitahode File File nkitahode MediaWiki MediaWiki nkitahode Nhwɛsoɔ Nhwɛsoɔ nkitahode Mmoa Mmoa nkitahode Nkyekyεmu Nkyekyεmu nkitahode TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2008 200263 200033 2026-06-27T15:34:05Z MohammedT10 21876 Added a section 200263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ghana''' yɛ ɔman bi a ɛwɔ [[Abibiman]] atɔeɛ mantam mu. Aman a atwa ne ho ahyia no bi ne [[Côte d'Ivoire|Côte d’Ivoire]] , [[Burkina Faso]], [[Togo]] ɛna Gulf of Guinea. Edin '''Ghana''' no kyerɛ “Ɔko mu Hene” na wɔnyaa saa din no fii tete [[Ghana Empire]] no mu. Kane no, na ahenfo ahodoɔ na woagye Ghana asaase no afa paa yie, ahenfo bi te sɛ te sɛ Asantihene, Akwamufoɔ hene, Bonomanfoɔ hene, Denkyirafoɔ hene, Fantefoɔ hene, ne afoforo a wɔka ho. Ebinom deɛ, na wɔ nyɛ Akanfoɔ, te sɛ Nkranfoɔ ne Dagombafoɔ. Wɔne Aborofo ntam dwadiɛ fii ase bere a wɔne Pɔtgɔkyifoɔ yɛɛConard. ntease apam wɔ mfe 1500 mu hɔ. Ɛno akyi no, Britainfo maa nea wɔfrɛ no Sika mpoano Ahenni (Gold Coast) no fii asɛ wɔ afe 1874 mu wɔ Ghana mmeae bi pɛ. Gold Coast nyaa ne faahodie wɔ afe apem aha-nkron aduonum nson (1957) mu fii wɔn sodifoɔ a na wɔne [[United Kingdom]] no. Ɛno ma Ghana bɛyɛɛ ɔman a edin nkan nyaa ne fahondie wɔ abibirim mantam ha. == Abakɔsɛm == =Nkekaho= {{Commons|Category:Ghana}} * [http://www.ghana.gov.gh/ Government of Ghana Official Website] (English) * [http://www.parliament.gh/ Parliament of Ghana] (English) {{Africa}} l5j6jajfcfa16znoo98x360cio0x25q 0 7062 200273 188077 2026-06-28T02:04:36Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 200273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dialect|Asante}} [[File:Ghana_Army_Southern_Command.JPG|thumb|230x230px|Aban ahyɛnsodeɛ wɔ brɔfomu wɔ Accra]] [[Ghana]] yɛ kasahodoɔ man a kasa bɛyɛ aduɔwɔtwe na wɔka wɔmu. Brɔfo kasa a Ghana sodifoɔ de gyaaɛ no abɛyɛ Ghanaman kasapɔn ne dwumadie kasa. Ɔman adehyekasa nyinaa no deɛ Akan na dodoɔ ka. Ghana nnipakuo bɛboro aduɔson a ɛbiara wɔ ne kasa a ɛda nso. Kasa a nnipakuo bi ka no deɛ ɛmu nnipa hodoɔ nyinaa te aseɛ. Ɛbi te sɛ Dagbanli ne Mampelle kasa a Northern Regionfoɔ ka no, Frafrafoɔ ne Waalifoɔ a ɛwɔ Ghana ha Upper West Region. Kasa nnan yi firi Mole-Dagbani kasakuo mu. Kasa yi mu dubaako na aban asɔmu de yɔ adwuma: Akan nnipakuo kasa miɛnsa (Akuapem Twi, Asante Twi, ne Fante) ne Mole-Dagbani kasa mienu (Dagaare ne Dagbani). Deɛ ɛka ho no ne Ɛwɛ, Dangme, Ga, Nzema, Gonja, ne Kasem. == Kasa a aban asɔ mu == Kasa a aban asɔmu no yɛ dubaako ana nkron, gyina sɛdeɛ wobɛfa no, sɛ Akuapem Twi, Asante, ne Fante yɛ kasa baako anaasɛ mmiɛnsa. Bureau of Ghana Languages a ɔtee no 1951 na ɔboa kasa no twerɛ ne ne nwomayɔ ne adeɛ. Berɛ a na wɔka Ghana kasa wɔ mfitiaseɛ sukuu no na saa kasa yi na wɔde di dwuma. Saa kasa yi nyinaa ka Niger-Congo kasakuo a ne nkorabata dɔɔso no ho. === Akan (Fante, Asante Twi and Akuapem Twi) === [[File:Predominant_tribe_in_the_area_-_(Ghana)_LOC_88692692.jpg|thumb|484x484px|A map of Ghana's ethno-linguistic areas.]] Akan ka Kwa nkorabata a ɛwɔ Niger-Congo kasakuo no ho, na ɛyɛ kasapɔn a ne nsonoɛ no wɔ anoano. Ɛmu miɛnsa na aban agye atomu de yɛ adwuma: Fante, Asante Twi, ne Akuapem Twi. Yɛka Akan afaafa no bomu a ɛno ne kasa a dodoɔ ka wɔ Ghana. === Ewe === Ɛwɛ yɛ Gbe kasa a Niger-Congo nkorabata Volta-Niger nnipakuo na wɔka. Wɔka Ɛwɛ kasa no wɔ Ghana, Togo ne Benin, ɛna West Nigeria nso ka no kakraa bi. === Dagbani === Dagbani yɛ Guru kasa no mu baako. Ɛfiri Mole-Dagbani nnipakuo a ɛwɔ Ghana ne Bukina Faso mu no. Dagombafoɔ a ɛwɔ Ghana Northern Region. === Dangme === Dangme yɛ Ga-Dangme kasa a ɛwɔ Kwa kasapɔn no mu. Greater Accrafoɔ a ɛwɔ Ghana anaafoɔ-nifa soɔ ne Togo. === Dagaare === Dagaare yɛ Gur kasa no mu baako.Ghana  Upper West Regionfoɔ na wɔka. Wɔka no wɔ Burkina Faso nso.. === Ga === Ga yɛ Ga-Dangme kasa a ɛfiri Kwa mu. Wɔka Ga wɔ Ghana anaafoɔ-nifa famu ne Ghana kuropɔn Accra beaɛ hɔnom. === Nzema === Nzema is one of the [[Central Tano Kasa|Bia languages]], closely related to Akan. It is spoken by the Nzema people in the Western Region of Ghana. It is also spoken in the Ivory Coast. Nzema yɛ bia kasakuo no mu baako, na yɛ de ka Akan kasakuo no ho. Nzemafoɔ a ɛwɔ Ghana Atɔeɛ Mantam mu na ɛka Nzema kasa no. Yɛ ka Nzema kasa wɔ Ivory Coast Man no mu. === Kasem === [[Kasena Kasa|Kasem]] is a Gurunsi language, in the Gur branch. It is spoken in the Upper Eastern Region of Ghana. It is also spoken in [[Burkina Faso]]. Kasem yɛ Gurunsi kasa, a ɛwɔ Gur nkorabata no mu. Wɔ ka kasa yi wo Ghana Atifi Apueɛ Mantam no mu. Wɔka saa kasa koro yi nso wɔ [[Burkina Faso]]. === Gonja === Gonja is one of the Guang languages, part of the Tano languages within the Kwa branch along with Akan and Bia. It is spoken in the Northern Region of Ghana and Wa. Gonja yɛ Guan kasa no mu baako, a ɛka Tano kasahodoɔ a ɛwɔ Kwa, Aka ne Bia kasa nkorabata no mu. Wɔka saa kasa yi wɔ Ghana Atifi Mantam ne Wa kuro no mu. == Kasa ahodoɔ a nnipa dodoɔ ka wɔ Ghana == Hyehyɛpono yi gyina nimdeɛ a Ethnologue de ama so. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Rank !Language !Speakers |- |1 |[[English]] |9,800,000 |- |2 |[[Akan]] ([[Fante]]/[[Twi]]) |9,100,000 |- |3 |Ghanaian Pidgin English |5,000,000 |- |4 |Ewe |3,820,000 |- |5 |Abron |1,170,000 |- |6 |Dagbani |1,160,000 |- |7 |Dangme |1,020,000 |- |8 |Dagaare |924,000 |- |9 |Konkomba |831,000 |- |10 |Ga |745,000 |- |11 |Farefare |638,000 |- |12 |Kusaal |535,000 |- |13 |Mampruli |316,000 |- |14 |Gonja |310,000 |- |15 |Sehwi |305,000 |- |16 |Nzema |299,000 |- |17 |Wasa |273,000 |- |18 |Sisaala, Tumulung |219,000 |- |19 |Sisaala, Western |219,000 |- |20 |Bimoba |176,000 |- |21 |Ahanta |175,000 |- |22 |Ntcham |169,000 |- |23 |Buli |168,000 |- |24 |Bisa |166,000 |- |25 |Kasem |149,000 |- |26 |Tem |134,000 |- |27 |Cherepon |132,000 |- |28 |Birifor, Southern |125,000 |- |29 |Anufo |91,300 |- |30 |Wali |84,800 |- |31 |Larteh |74,000 |- |32 |Siwu |71,900 |- |33 |Chumburung |69,000 |- |34 |Anyin |66,400 |- |35 |Nafaanra |61,000 |- |36 |Krache |58,000 |- |37 |Lelemi |48,900 |- |38 |Deg |42,900 |- |39 |Paasaal |36,000 |- |40 |Kabre, (language kabre) |35,642 |- |41 |Avatime |27,200 |- |42 |Kulango, Bondoukou |27,000 |- |43 |Sekpele |23,000 |- |44 |Delo |18,400 |- |45 |Jwira-Pepesa |18,000 |- |46 |Gua |17,600 |- |47 |Tampulma |16,000 |- |48 |Kulango, Bouna |15,500 |- |49 |Ligbi |15,000 |- |50 |Nawuri |14,000 |- |51 |Vagla |13,900 |- |52 |Tuwuli |11,400 |- |53 |Selee |11,300 |- |54 |Adele |11,000 |- |55 |Nkonya |11,000 |- |56 |Gikyode |10,400 |- |57 |Dwang |8,200 |- |58 |Akposo |7,500 |- |59 |Logba |7,500 |- |60 |Nkami |7,000 |- |61 |Hanga |6,800 |- |62 |Nyangbo |6,400 |- |63 |Chakali |6,000 |- |64 |Ghanaian Sign Language |6,000 |- |65 |Safaliba |5,000 |- |66 |Tafi |4,400 |- |67 |Fulfulde, Maasina |4,240 |- |68 |Adangbe/Dangbe |4,000 |- |69 |Konni |3,800 |- |70 |Adamorobe Sigh Language |3,500 |- |71 |Chala |3,000 |- |72 |Kamara |3,000 |- |73 |Kantosi |2,300 |- |74 |Kusuntu |2,100 |- |75 |Nchumbulu |1,800 |- |76 |Kplang |1,600 |- |77 |Dompo |970 |- |78 |Animere |700 |- |79 |Hausa |Unclear |- |80 |Lama |Unclear |- |81 |Nawdm |Unclear |} == Kasa Nkyekyɛmu == Ghana kasa ahodoɔ no ka Niger-Congo kasa ahodoɔ nkorabata musuakuo yi ho. The language of Ghana belong to the following branches within the Niger–Congo language family: * Kwa languages (Akan, Bia, Guang in Tano; Ga and Adangme) * Gbe languages (Ewe) * Gur languages (Gurunsi, Dagbani, Mossi, Dagaare, and Frafra in Oti–Volta) * Senufo languages (Nafaanra) * Kulango languages * Mande languages (Wangara, Ligbi) Older classifications may instead group them as Kwa, Gur, and Mande. == Hwɛ yei nso == * [[Ghana]] * Demographics of Ghana * Ghanaian English == Nkekahoɔ == {{Reflist}} {{Languages of Ghana}} == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120828183503/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=Ghana Ethnologue listing for Ghana] * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=GH&seq=10 Ethnologue map of languages in Ghana] * [http://www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/35/paper1298.pdf Owu-Ewie, Charles. 2006. The Language Policy of Education in Ghana: A Critical Look at the English-Only Language Policy of Education. In Selected Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, ed. John Mugane et al., 76-85. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120904072946/http://www.panafril10n.org/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Ghana PanAfrican L10n wiki page on Ghana] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130115142008/http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/ghana.htm ''L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde'' page on Ghana] 2o86me2zc3hzoj9czhcg7ka7yxmlb8s 0 11609 200267 185274 2026-06-28T00:51:36Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 200267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dialect|Asante}} {{Infobox officeholder | image = | honorific-prefix = Hon. | name = Austin Akufo Gamey | honorific-suffix = | imagesize = | order = | office = Deputy Minister for Employment and Labor Relations | term_start = 1992 | term_end = 1996 | vicepresident = | president = [[Jerry John Rawlings]] | predecessor = | successor = | constituency = | order2 = | office2 = | term_start2 = | term_end2 = | vicepresident2 = <!-- Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number --> | viceprimeminister2 = <!-- Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number --> | deputy2 = <!-- Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number --> | lieutenant2 = <!-- Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number --> | monarch2 = <!-- Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number --> | president2 = [[Jerry John Rawlings]] | primeminister2 = <!-- Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number --> | governor2 = <!-- Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number --> | succeeding2 = <!-- Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number --> | predecessor2 = | successor2 = | constituency2 = <!-- Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number --> | majority2 = <!-- MP --> | constituency_MP3 = | parliament3 = | majority3 = <!-- Can be repeated up to eight times by adding a number --> | term_start3 = | term_end3 = | predecessor3 = <!-- Can be repeated up to eight times by adding a number --> | successor3 = <!-- Can be repeated up to eight times by adding a number --> | constituency_MP4 = [[North Tongu (Ghana mmrahyɛbadwam mpɛsoa)|North Tongu]] | parliament4 = | majority4 = <!-- Can be repeated up to eight times by adding a number --> | term_start4 = 7 January 1993 | term_end4 = 6 January 2001 | predecessor4 = Jonathan K. Dowokpor | successor4 = [[Joe Gidisu]] | birth_date = {{Birth date and age |1949|10|26|df=yes}} | birth_place = Volo [[North Tongu (Ghana parliament constituency)|North Tongu constituency]] | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = {{flagicon|GHA}}&nbsp;Ghanaian | spouse = Gladys Gamey | party = [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|National Democratic Congress]] | relations = | children = 7 | residence = | alma_mater = [[Fourah Bay College]] | occupation = | profession = [[Mediation|Mediator]] | signature = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Austin Akufo Gamey''' (wɔwoo no [[Ahinime]] 26,1949) yɛ [[Gaana|Ghana]] manyɔni. Ɔyɛ obi a w'aben wɔ adwumawura ne odwumayeni ho nsɛmsɛm mu nso.<ref>{{Citation |title=Archive copy |url=https://adrdaily.com/austin-akufo-gamey-a-legend-in-adr-professional-practice/ |access-date=2022-04-17 |archive-date=2025-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250105075752/https://adrdaily.com/austin-akufo-gamey-a-legend-in-adr-professional-practice/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Na ɔyɛ mmarahyɛbadwani ma [[North Tongu (Ghana mmrahyɛbadwam mpɛsoa)|North Tongu]] mpasua a ɛwɔ Firaw mantam a ɛwɔ Ghana firi afe 1992 kosi afe 2001. Wɔ [[Jerry John Rawlings]] ammamuo no mu no, wɔpaw no sɛ mansoafo a ɔhwɛ adwumasɛm ne asetra mu yiyedie so.<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/ndc_ministers.php</ref> Seesei ɔyɛ ɔbenfoɔ wɔ adwumasɛm mu ne Alternative Dispute Resolution mu wɔ [[Gaana|Ghana]].<ref>https://www.myjoyonline.com/mediation-group-make-gamey-consultant/</ref> == N'abrabɔ mu nsɛm == Wɔwoo Gamey wɔ [[Ahinime]] 26,1949, wɔ Volo, kuro bi a ɛwɔ Salem mpɔtam wɔ North Tongu. North Tongu wɔ Firaw Mantam a ɛwɔ Ghana.<ref>https://www.moti.gov.gh/1d1f/district.php?district=North%20Tongu%20District&rId=9</ref> N'awofoɔ ne Owura Emmanuel T.T Avorvuttor ne Lucia Aya Avorvuttor a wɔn nyinaa akɔ wɔn kra akyi. Na ne maame yɛ kuani ne dwadini. Edin a wɔde maa Austin Gamey wɔ ne mmɔfrase ne Augustine Akufo Gameduabao na akiri yi wotwaa so yɛɛ no Austin Gamey. Bere a ɔrenyin no, na wɔfrɛ no Gamey wɔ baabi a na wɔte no. Ɔtɔ n'awofoɔ mma so nnum. ==Ne nhomasua ho nsɛm== Ofirii sukuu ase wɔ Evangelical Presbyterian Primary School na ɔtoaa so wɔ Local Authority Middle School a ɛwɔ Volo mpɔtam wɔ North Tongu. Berɛ a owiee mfitiaseɛ sukuu no, West African Examination Council (WAEC) twaa abasobɔ krataa a na ɛbɛkyerɛ sɛ wawie sukuu no mu. Ɛno akyiri no, otu kɔtenaa Ashaiman a ɛwɔ Greater Accra Mantɔw mu wɔ afe 1967 mu. Ɔsan firii Ashaiman kɔtenaa Tema wɔ afe 1968. Na ɔde ne ho hyɛ agodie mu paa na ɛno boa maa no nyaa kwan wɔ Akodzo Middle School a ɛwɔ Tema denam ne kyerɛkyerɛni panyin a na ɔwɔ ne sukuu dada no mu no so. Wɔ afe 1968 mu no, Gamey wiee Middle School na onyaa n<nowiki>'abasobɔdiɛ. Esian sɛ na ɔbɔ mmɔden wɔ mmirikatuo mu nti na wɔtaa frɛ no ''Akodzo Miller''</nowiki>. Firi afe 1970 kosi afe 1971 no,na ɔyɛ adwuma de tua ne skuul ho ka wɔ Accra Polytechnic a seesei wɔfrɛ no Accra Technical University no berɛ a na ɔkɔ skuul wɔ hɔ no. <ref>{{Citation |title=Archive copy |url=https://adrdaily.com/austin-akufo-gamey-a-legend-in-adr-professional-practice/ |access-date=2022-04-17 |archive-date=2025-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250105075752/https://adrdaily.com/austin-akufo-gamey-a-legend-in-adr-professional-practice/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Otu kɔɔ Adabraka wɔ saa berɛ no ara mu. Wɔ afe 1976 mu no, onyaa kwan kɔɔ Sierra Leone kosuaa Advanced Industrial Relations. Ɔsan toaa n'adesua no so wɔ Institute of Labour Studies a ɛwɔ Geneva ne Turin Center. Firi afe 19997 kosi afe 1998 no, ɔkɔɔ sukuu wɔ suapɔn ahodoɔ pii wɔ [[Amerika|United States of America]] ne [[Canada]]. Saa berɛ yi mu na onyaa abasobɔ krataa wɔ Preventive and Professional Coaching in Mediation mu firii Mediation Training Institute wɔ United States of America. ==N'adwumasɛm== Firi afe 1985 kosi 1986 no, ɔyɛɛ adwuma sɛ industrial relations officer wɔ Tema. Afei wɔyɛɛ no executive manager wɔ Mankoadze Fisheries a ɛwɔ Tema wɔ firi afe 1987 kosi afe 1992. Na ɔyɛ panyin a ɔda Institute of Human Resource and Management Practitioners a ɛwɔ [[Gaana|Ghana]] ano firi afe 1998 kosi afe 2003. Firi afe 2004 kosi afe 2006 no, na ɔyɛ Presidential Commissioner wɔ 'pensions' so.<ref>{{Citation |title=Archive copy |url=https://adrdaily.com/austin-akufo-gamey-a-legend-in-adr-professional-practice/ |access-date=2022-04-17 |archive-date=2025-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250105075752/https://adrdaily.com/austin-akufo-gamey-a-legend-in-adr-professional-practice/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wɔ afe 2020 mu no, ɔtee 'Gamey and Gamey Academy of Mediation' .<ref>{{Citation |title=Archive copy |url=https://gameyandgamey.com/about-us/ |access-date=2022-04-21 |archive-date=2023-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517031434/https://gameyandgamey.com/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Amanyɔsɛm== Wɔ afe 1992 mu no,woyii no sɛ mmarahyɛbadwani ma [[North Tongu (Ghana mmrahyɛbadwam mpɛsoa)|North Tongu]] mpasua no. Ogyinaa North Tongu abatoɔ mpasua no ananmu wɔ mmarahyɛbadwa a edi kan wɔ adehyeman a ɛtɔ so nnan no mu. Ɔsan dii nkunim wɔ aba a wɔtoo wɔ 1996 abatoɔ no mu.<ref>{{Citation |title=Archive copy |url=https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/volta/206/ |access-date=2022-04-21 |archive-date=2022-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421191927/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/volta/206/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɔyɛɛ mmarahyɛbadwani mpɛn mmienu wɔ Rawlings ammamuo no ase. ==N'abrabɔ== Austin yere ne Gladys Gamey a ɔyɛ kyerɛkyerɛni. Ne mma yɛ nson; mmaa mmienu ne mmarima nnum. Ɔyɛ Kristoni ne Ɔsɔfo wɔ Token Tabernacle. ==Baabi a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ== <references responsive="" /> [[Nkyekyεmu:Ateasefoɔ]] [[Nkyekyεmu:National Democratic Congress (Ghana) Amanyɔfoɔ]] [[Nkyekyεmu:Ghana mmrahyɛbadwafoɔ 1997–2001]] tsz3vtsuctvin8ipr668z0jyewakjgs 0 12216 200270 124890 2026-06-28T01:04:55Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 200270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dialect|Asante}} '''Bewadze''' yɛ mpɔtam bi a ɛwɔ Kasoa-Cape Coast kwantenpɔn a ɛwɔ [[Gomoa West (Ghana mmrahyɛbadwam mpɛsoa)|Gomoa]] atɔeɛ mansini a ɛwɔ mfimfini mantam wɔ [[Gaana|Ghana]].<ref>https://www.adomonline.com/two-dead-3-including-fire-officer-in-critical-condition-in-accident-on-cape-coast-highway-video/</ref><ref>https://www.myjoyonline.com/2-dead-3-others-in-critical-condition-in-gomoa-bewadze-accident/</ref> Wɔdua atosdeɛ wɔ saa mpɔtam hɔ.<ref>http://mofa.gov.gh/site/directorates/district-directorates/central-region/210-gomoa-west</ref> == Adan ahodoɔ == * Bewadze Fuel Service Station.<ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/1148227/firemen-rescue-accident-victims-at-gomoa-bewadze.html</ref><ref>https://mybrytfmonline.com/c-r-5-rescued-1-dead-in-a-fatal-accident-at-gomoa-bewadze/</ref> * Casa De Ropa. Beaɛ a woyɛ nnuane.<ref>https://www.moti.gov.gh/oldcontent/1d1f/district?district=Gomoa%20West%20District&rId=8</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/politics/allotey-jacobs-family-will-suffer-hes-judas-in-the-ndc-anita-desoso-fires/e1hddwb |access-date=2022-05-31 |archive-date=2022-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528170839/https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/politics/allotey-jacobs-family-will-suffer-hes-judas-in-the-ndc-anita-desoso-fires/e1hddwb |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Beaɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ == * ph7oga1to96rleinz33vb5yxtf3vaig 0 14146 200275 176062 2026-06-28T04:02:06Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 200275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q965672}} {{Dialect|Akuapem}} '''Sainte Anne Po so Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea''' da bɛyɛ kilomita enum (5) fi Victoria, Seychelles ahenkurow, na ɛka nsupɔw nketewa awotwe (8) ho. == Abakɔsɛm == Wɔyɛɛ Po so Mmoa Yɛmmea no wɔ 1973 mu sɛ wɔmfa nkora wuram mmoa so, na ɛno ne nea edi kan wɔ India Po no mu . Wɔabara mpataayi ne nsu so skiing wɔ Marine Park mpɔtam hɔ. wɔ afe 2005 mu no, wɔde dii dwuma sɛ piknik nsupɔw ma mpɔtam hɔfo no bo yɛ den dodo na wɔpenee so sɛ wobebue ama ahɔhodan ne ahomegyebea ahorow. == Nsrahwɛ == Ɛnnɛ wonim nsupɔw no sɛ mmeae atitiriw a nsrahwɛfo kɔ hɔ wɔ India Po no mu a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ nsu mu a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ nsu mu, wɔde hyɛmma a wɔde ahwehwɛ ase kɔsrasra mmeae ahorow na wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ nsu mu wɔ akorade abon no mu no mu biako. Nsu ase wiase a ɛyɛ kɔla ahorow no twetwe nsrahwɛfo a wofi wiase nyinaa a wɔrehwɛ akorade turo ahorow a ɛyɛ nwonwa, abon mu akraman ne mpataa a wɔn ho yɛ kɔla ahorow a ɛwɔ mmeae a osu tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse wɔ ha. Ste Anne supɔw titiriw no yɛ ahomegyebea a adan akɛse 87 wom bere a Cerf Supɔw ne Round Island wɔ adidibea ahorow a wɔyɛ no Creolefo kwan so. Ɛsan nso wɔ mmeae akɛse a " seagrass meadows " wɔ wɔ Seychelles no mu biako. Ɛyɛ fɛ yiye. Mpɔtam hɔ akwantufo a wɔhwɛ akwantufo so no de da koro akwantu kɔ Marine Park. == Asase Ho Nsɛm == Nsupɔw a edidi so yi na ɛwɔ ɔman no mmɔnten so atrae no mu, na ne kɛse yɛ km²: * Ste. Anne Supɔw so , 2.19 na ɛwɔ hɔ&nbsp;km2, a ɛwɔ ahomegyebea kɛse a ɛyɛ fɛ ''a wɔfrɛ no Club Med Seychelles'' * Cerf Supɔw so, 1.27&nbsp;km2, a nnipa bɛyɛ 100 na wɔte mu, a ahɔhodan-ahomegyebea abiɛsa (Cerf Island Marine Park Resort, Fairy Tern Chalets und L’Habitation), ne adidibea ''Kapok Tree'' * Île Cachée, 0.021 na ɛwɔ hɔ&nbsp;km2, a ɛbɛn Cerf Supɔw, beae a ɛpo mu nnomaa yɛ wɔn berebuw no anafo fam apuei * Round Island, 0.018 na ɛwɔ hɔ&nbsp;km2, kan akwatafo atrae, a nsoromma anum ahomegyebea soronko bi a wɔfrɛ no "Round Island Resort" a ɛwɔ adan akɛse 10. [ ɛhia sɛ wɔyɛ nsakraeɛ ] * Long Island, 0.212 na ɛwɔ hɔ&nbsp;km2, a kan no na ɛyɛ beae a wɔde akisikuru a wɔayi afi nnipa mu ne ɔman afiase, a mprempren wɔreyɛ no ayɛ no nsoromma 5 ahomegyebea * Moyenne Supɔw so, 0.089&nbsp;km2, a mprempren nnipa dodow biara nni hɔ a ɛkɔ so daa wɔ wɔn a wɔhyehyɛɛ Moyenne Supɔw Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea (Brendon Grimshaw ne ne boafo) wu akyi, ne adidibea ''Maison Moyenne'' * Sèche Supɔw (Beacon Supɔw), 0.04&nbsp;km2, . * [[Harrison Rock]] (Grand Rocher) supɔw ketewa a ɛwɔ abɔnten so atrae no apuei fam. Asase a ɛwɔ nsupɔw a ɛwɔ po mu ɔman mmɔnten so no nyinaa yɛ 3.887km2. Po mu ɔman mmɔnten so atrae no nyinaa yɛ 14.43km2.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080921170150/http://www.scmrt-mpa.sc/ SCMRT-MPA Seychelles Center for Marine Research & Technology - Marine Parks Authority]</ref> == Adwumayɛ ho nhyehyɛe == Nsupɔw no nyinaa yɛ Mont Fleuri Mantam no dea. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081115125037/http://www.virtualseychelles.sc/downloads/pdf/electoral_districts.pdf District map]</ref> Esiane sɛ nnipa kakraa bi na wɔwɔ hɔ nti, aban adan anaa nnwuma biara nni hɔ, enti ɛsɛ sɛ nnipa a wɔte nsupɔw no so kɔ Victoria . == Mfonisie Bea == <gallery widths="180"> File:Seychelles large map.jpg|Asase Mfonini 1 File:Sainte Anne Seychelles.jpg|Sainte Anne Supɔw so File:Moyenne Island Seychelles.jpg|Moyenne Supɔw, Seychelles 1970 a wɔde wim hwɛ File:Moyenne Island.jpg|Moyenne Supɔw so mfonini File:Ile Moyenne.jpg|Moyenne Supɔw so, Seychelles File:Seychelles Ile aux Cerfs.JPG| Ile aux Cerfs 1980 na ɔkyerɛwee File:Seychelles 030.JPG|St. Anne nsupɔw a efi Mahe File:Ste. Anne Marine National Park.png|Beae a Ste Anne Po so Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea (nsupɔw a wɔde kɔkɔɔ ayɛ) wɔ . File:Seychelles Ile aux Cerfs.JPG|Île aux Cerfs a wohu fi Mahe, Seychelles File:Anne Marine NP aerial Seychelles.jpg|Anne Marine NP wimhyɛn mu Seychelles </gallery> == Nsɛm a wɔde gyinaa so == <references group="" responsive="0"></references> == Abɔnten so nkitahodi ahorow == <div aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder tright" role="navigation"></div> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180426205313/http://www.seychelles.travel/en/explore/attractions/ste-anne-marine-national-park Official park Supɔw so Akwankyerɛfo] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120505111145/http://www.nbs.gov.sc/archives/551 Ɔman Akontaabu Dwumadibea] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160430151854/http://www.stgt.com/seychelles/html/mahe.htm info] * [https://www.expertafrica.com/seychelles/mahe-island/reference-map Mahe Asase Mfonini 2015] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160413215345/http://www.virtualseychelles.sc/index.php/culture/2013-08-21-09-23-55/seychelles-archipelago-part-ii Info wɔ supɔw no so] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090913175309/http://www.helicopterseychelles.com/sainte_anne_marine_national_park.html Sainte Anne Po so Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea] Asɛm ne nsupɔw a ɛwɔ po so mmɔnten so no ho mfonini. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160409184912/http://www.wordtravels.com/Attractions/1525 Abɔnten so atrae a ɛwɔ WordTravels] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140413130315/http://gridnairobi.unep.org/chm/eafdocuments/Seychelles/SEYmpa_report_1-09.pdf Sainte Anne a wɔbɛhyehyɛ no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobetua ka] mksxswnvqb9vfd1ariuclgradfekpyr 0 14576 200264 180337 2026-06-28T00:29:39Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 200264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Dialect|Akuapem}} '''Ama Ata Aidoo''', ''née'' '''Christina Ama Aidoo''' (wɔwoo no [[Ɔbɛnem|ɔbɛnim]] bosome no da a ɛtɔ so aduonu mmiensa (23 March) wɔ afe apem ahankron aduanan mmienu mu (1942) yɛ [[Gaana|Ghanani]] ɔkyerɛwfo, anwensɛm kyerɛwfo, agorukyerɛwfo ne nhomanimfo. Na ɔyɛ Nhomasua soafo wɔ [[Jerry John Rawlings|Jerry Rawlings]] nniso ase. Wɔ afe mpem mmienu (2000) mu no, ɔhyehyɛɛ Mbaasem Foundation sɛ ɛbɛhyɛ Afrikafoɔ mmaa akyerɛwfoɔ adwuma ho nkuran na wɔaboa. == Mfitiase asetra == Wɔwoo Aidoo wɔ [[Ɔbɛnem|ɔbɛnim]] bosome no da a ɛtɔ so aduonu mmiensa (23 March) wɔ afe apem ahankron aduanan mmienu mu (1942) wɔ Saltpond wɔ Central Region of [[Gaana|Ghana]] . Nsɛm bi a ɛka ho ne Megan Behrent, Brown University, ne ''Africa Who's Who'' aka sɛ wɔwoo no wɔ 31 March 1940.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Uwechue|first=Raph|title=Africa Who's Who|publisher=Africa Books Limited|year=1996|isbn=9780798303446|location=London|pages=80–81}}</ref> Na ɔwɔ onuabarima a ɔyɛ mmanoma, [[Kwame]] Ata.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Odamtten|first=Vincent Okpoti|date=26 April 2000|title='For Her Own (Works') Quality' The Poetry of Ama Ata Aidoo|journal=[[Matatu (journal)|Matatu]]|volume=21–22|issue=1|pages=209–216|doi=10.1163/18757421-90000320}}</ref> Wɔtetee no wɔ Fante adehye fie, Nana [[Yaw]] Fama, Abeadzi Kyiakor panyin, ne Maame Abasema babea.<ref>[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780203058558/chapters/10.4324/9780203058558-4 "AMA ATA AIDOO (1942–)"], ''Postcolonial African Writers'', Routledge, 1998.</ref> Onyinii wɔ bere a na Britaniafo atubrafo foforo a wɔresan aba bio a na ɛrekɔ so wɔ ne kurom no mu. Atubrafo foforo na wokum ne nana, na ɛmaa ne papa huu hia a ɛho hia sɛ wɔkyerɛkyerɛ mmofra ne mmusua a wɔwɔ akuraa no ase no abakɔsɛm ne nsɛm a esisii wɔ bere no mu no so. Eyi maa obuee sukuu a edi kan wɔ wɔn akuraa ase na onyaa Aidoo so nkɛntɛnso ma ɔkɔ Wesley Girls’ High School, faako a odii kan sii gyinae sɛ ɔpɛ sɛ ɔyɛ ɔkyerɛwfo no. == Nwomasua == Aidoo kɔɔ '''Wesley Girls’ Senior High Schoo'''l wɔ [[Cape Coast]], fi afe apem ahankron aduosia baako (1961) kosi afe apem ahankron aduosia nan (1964) mu. Owiee ntoaso sukuu no, ɔde ne din kɔhyɛɛ [[University of Ghana|Ghana Suapɔn mu]], Legon baabi a onyaa abodin krataa a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔyɛ Bachelor of Arts wɔ Borɔfo kasa mu na ɔsan nso kyerɛw n’agoru a edi kan, ''The Dilemma of a Ghost'', wɔ afe 1964.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/10410/Ama-Ata-Aidoo "Ama Ata Aidoo"], ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Longman na otintim agoru no afe a edi hɔ no, na ɛmaa Aidoo bɛyɛɛ Afrikani bea drama kyerɛwfo a odi kan a wotintimii.<ref>Naana Banyiwa Horne, "Aidoo, Ama Ata", ''Who's Who in Contemporary Women's Writing'', 2001, Routledge.</ref> == Adwuma == Wɔpaw Ama sɛ Nhomasua soafo wɔ Bere tiaa mu Ɔman Bammɔ Bagua no ase wɔ afe 1982 mu. Ogyaee adwuma wɔ asram 18 akyi, na ohui sɛ ɔrentumi nni ne botae a ɛne sɛ ɔbɛma nhomasua wɔ [[Gaana|Ghana]] ayɛ nea obiara betumi anya bi no ho.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/arts/features/womenwriters/aidoo_life.shtml "Ama Ata Aidoo"], BBC World Service.</ref> Wayɛ dwuma a Afrika mmea di wɔ nnɛyi asetra mu ho mfonini. Ɔanya adwene sɛ nnansa yi akannifo de ɔmampɛ ho adwene no adi dwuma sɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so hyɛ nkurɔfo so. Wakasa atia saa Afrikafo a wonim akenkan ne akyerɛw a wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔdɔ wɔn man nanso mfaso horow a ɛwɔ aman a wɔanya nkɔso mu no daadaa wɔn no. Ogye Afrikafo nipasu soronko bi di, na ofi ɔbea adwene mu bu no. Ɔyɛɛ adwuma wɔ [[Amerika|United States]], faako a onyaa fekubɔ bi wɔ adebɔ ho nkyerɛwee mu wɔ Stanford Sukuupɔn, California .  Ɔsan nso yɛɛ nhwehwɛmufo wɔ Institute of African Studies, [[University of Ghana]], ne sɛ Borɔfo kasa ho ɔkyerɛkyerɛfo wɔ [[University of Cape Coast]], na awiei koraa no ɔforo kɔɔ hɔ koduu ɔbenfo dibea.<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3iibMu0Qjs8C&q=%22ama+ata+aidoo%22+professor+university+of+cape+coast&pg=PA32|title=Postcolonial African Writers: A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook|chapter=Ama Ata Aidoo (1942–)|editor-first=Siga Fatima|editor-last=Jagne|editor2=Pushpa Naidu Parekh|page=32|publisher=Routledge|date=1998|isbn=9781136593970}}</ref> Ɔde bere pii nso akyerɛkyerɛ na watra amannɔne asram pii wɔ bere koro mu. Ɔtenaa United States, [[Ngyiresi|Britain]], [[Germany]] ne Zimbabwe . Wɔ [[London]] wɔ 1986 mu no, ɔmaa Walter Rodney Visions of Africa ɔkasa a kuw a wɔboa Bogle-L’Ouverture nhoma tintim adwumakuw no hyehyɛe no.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220308194921/https://aim25.com/cgi-bin/vcdf/detail?coll_id=14510&inst_id=118&nv1=search&nv2= "Friends of Bogle"], ([[London Metropolitan Archives]]), Aim 25, Archives in London and the M25 area.</ref> Aidoo kyerɛɛ Engiresi kasa adesua ahorow wɔ Hamilton College wɔ Clinton New York, wɔ afe apem ahankron aduokron (1990) mfe no mfinimfini mfiase. Mprempren ɔyɛ ɔbenfo nsrahwɛfo wɔ Africana Adesua Dwumadibea a ɛwɔ Brown Sukuupɔn mu . Aidoo yɛ Etisalat Nkonimdie a ɛfa Nwoma ho (a ɔka Dele Olojede, Ellah Wakatama Allfrey, Margaret Busby, Sarah Ladipo Manyika ne Zakes Mda ), a wɔbɔɔ no afe 2013 sɛ atenaeɛ ma Afrikafoɔ akyerɛwfoɔ a wɔkyerɛw ayɛsɛm nwoma a ɛdi kan no.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150403032738/http://prize.etisalat.com.ng/about-the-prize/patrons/ Patrons], Etisalat Prize for Literature.</ref> Ɔnyaa Fulbright Scholarship abasobɔdeɛ wɔ afe 1988 mu ne Mbari press asɛm tiawa nkonimboɔ. == Sini == Ɔyɛ asɛmti wɔ afe mpem mmienu ne du nan (2014) documentary sini bi, ''The Art of Ama Ata Aidoo'', a Yaba Badoe yɛe no mu.<ref name="AAAA">[http://amaatafilm.com/ "The Art of Ama Ata Aidoo - a film by Yaba Badoe"], official website.</ref><ref>Beti Ellerson, [http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.co.uk/2013/12/yaba-badoe-talks-about-documentary-film.html "Yaba Badoe talks about the documentary film project 'The Art of Ama Ata Aidoo'"], African Women in Cinema, December 2013.</ref><ref>Shakira Chambas and Sionne Neely, [http://www.awdf.org/the-art-of-ama-ata-aidoo-documentary-film-launch/ "The Art of AMA ATA AIDOO: Documentary Film Launch"], African Women's Development Fund, 26 September 2014.</ref> == Nkyerɛwee ahorow == Aidoo agodie ahorow no bi ne ''The Dilemma of a Ghost'', a wɔyɛe wɔ Legon wɔ 1964 (wɔdii kan tintimii wɔ 1965) ne Pittsburgh wɔ 1988 mu, ne ''Anowa'', a wotintimii wɔ 1971 mu na wɔyɛɛ no London wɔ 1991 mu. N’ayɛsɛm nhoma ahorow no ka ɔhaw a ɛda Atɔe Famfo ne Afrika wiase adwene ntam no ho asɛm titiriw. Wotintim n’ayɛsɛm a edi kan, ''Our Sister Killjoy'', wɔ 1977 mu na ɛda so ara yɛ ne nhoma ahorow a agye din sen biara no mu biako. Ɛda nsow sɛ ɛkyerɛ adwene a ɛne ne ho nhyia wɔ nna ho wɔ Afrika ne titiriw no LGBT wɔ Afrika . Bere a adwene biako a agye din wɔ asasepɔn no so ne sɛ mmarima a wɔne wɔn ho da yɛ ahɔho wɔ Afrika, na ɛyɛ Atɔe Famfo amammerɛ ho adwene ahorow a wɔde hyɛ "Abibifo" amammerɛ a ɛho tew, a efi awosu mu a ɛfa mmarima a wɔne wɔn ho da ho no, Aidoo yɛ ''Killjoy'' nipa titiriw no ho mfonini sɛ ɔde ne ho hyɛ mmea a wɔne wɔn ho da ho nsusuwii hunu a n’ankasa yɛ mu, ne abusuabɔ a ayamhyehye wom a wɔne mmea a wɔne mmea da a wɔbɛkɔ so akura mu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Epprecht|first=Marc|editor-last=Gerstner|editor-first=David A.|title=Ama Ata Aidoo|encyclopedia=Routledge International Encyclopedia of Queer Culture|edition=1|pages=17|publisher=[[Routledge]]|language=English|date=2006|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Routledge_International_Encyclopedia_of/XS_SnVPixE8C|isbn=9780415306515|accessdate=2022-07-05}}</ref> Aidoo nnipa atitiriw afoforo pii nso yɛ mmea a wɔsɔre tia mmea dwumadi ahorow a na wɔtaa yɛ wɔ wɔn bere so no, te sɛ nea ɛwɔ n’agoru ''Anowa'' mu no. N’ayɛsɛm ''Changes'' nyaa 1992 Commonwealth Akyerɛwfo Nkonimdi a Ɛfa Nhoma a Ɛsen Biara (Afrika) ho. Ɔsan yɛ anwensɛm kyerɛwfo a ne ho akokwaw —ne nhoma a ɔboaboaa ano ''Someone Talking to Sometime'' nyaa Nelson Mandela Prize for Poetry wɔ 1987 mu <ref>[http://www.heinemann.com/authors/3772.aspx Ama Ata Aidoo biography], Heinemann/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.</ref> —na wakyerɛw mmofra nhoma pii . Ɔde asɛm "To be a woman" boaa 1984 nhoma a wɔaboaboa ano ''Sisterhood Is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology'', a Robin Morgan na ɔhyehyɛɛ no. N'asɛm "Two Sisters" pue wɔ 1992 nhoma a wɔaboaboa ano ''Daughters of Africa'', a Margaret Busby na ɔhyehyɛɛ no mu.<ref>Ama Ata Aidoo, "Two Sisters", in Margaret Busby (ed.), ''Daughters of Africa'', London: Jonathan Cape, 1992, pp. 532–542.</ref> Wɔ afe 2000 mu no ɔhyehyɛɛ Mbaasem Foundation, ahyehyɛdeɛ a ɛnyɛ aban de a ɛwɔ Ghana a n'adwuma ne sɛ "ɛbɛboa Afrika mmaa akyerɛwfoɔ ne wɔn adwiniyɛ mu nkɔsoɔ ne wɔn nkɔsoɔ", a ɔne ne babaa Kinna <ref name="youtube.com">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T49lZMfY1Hg " Ghana international Book fair - Kinna Likimani"], YouTube, 2010.</ref> bom di so <ref name="youtube.com"/> ne adwumayɛfo bagua bi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151125034902/http://mbaasem.net/about/management-and-board/ "Management and Board"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125034902/http://mbaasem.net/about/management-and-board/|date=25 November 2015}}, Mbaasem Foundation.</ref> Aidoo yɛ afe 2006 nhoma a wɔaboaboa ano a wɔfrɛ no ''African Love Stories'' no samufo .<ref>[http://www.buriedinprint.com/?p=4854 "Yaba Badoe's African Love Story, 'The Rival'"], Buried in Print, 16 November 2011.</ref> Wɔ afe mpem mmienu ne du mmienu (2012) mu no, ɔde Diplomatic Pounds & Other Stories a ɛyɛ nsɛm ntiantiaa a wɔaboaboa ano ne foforo a ɛyɛ nsɛm a wɔakyerɛw a akyerɛwfo a wɔagye din wɔ Ghana, Afrika ne Afrika Atubrafo . == Abasobɔde ne agyede a wɔde ma == Aidoo anya abasobɔde ahorow pii a afe apem ahankron aduokron mmienu (1992) Commonwealth Writers’ Prize for Best Book (Africa) ka ho wɔ n’ayɛsɛm ''Changes'' . Wɔde Aidoo-Snyder nhoma nkonimbo a Mmea Kuw a ɛwɔ Afrika Adesua Fekuw no de ma wɔ nhoma a ɛda nsow a ɔbea bi tintim a ɛde Afrika mmea osuahu ahorow di kan no din de ahyɛ Ama Ata Aidoo ne Margaret C. Snyder, a ɔhyehyɛɛ no no anuonyam UNIFEM kwankyerɛfo .<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160628140353/http://asawomenscaucus.matrix.msu.edu/?page_id=705 "Aidoo-Snyder Book Prize By-Laws"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628140353/http://asawomenscaucus.matrix.msu.edu/?page_id=705|date=2016-06-28}}, ASA Women's Caucus.</ref> Wɔde Ama Ata Aidoo Center for Creative Writing (Aidoo Centre), a ɛwɔ Kojo Yankah Sukuu a ɛhwɛ Nkitahodi Adesua so wɔ Afrika Sukuupɔn Nkitahodi Sukuu (AUCC) a ɛwɔ Adabraka, [[Nkran|Accra]], a ɛwɔ Adabraka, Accra, no ase wɔ Oforisuo 2017 mu no, wɔtoo din de hyɛɛ no <ref>[https://www.modernghana.com/news/761663/aucc-launches-ama-ata-aidoo-centre-for-creative-writing.html "AUCC Launches Ama Ata Aidoo Centre for Creative Writing"], ''Modern Ghana'', 15 March 2017.</ref> —mfinimfini a edi kan a ɛte saa wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam, a Nii Ayikwei Parkes na ɔyɛ ne kwankyerɛfo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230126161855/http://www.jamesmurua.com/ama-ata-aidoo-centre-creative-writing-opens-accra-ghana/ "Ama Ata Aidoo Centre for Creative Writing opens in Accra, Ghana"], James Murua Blog, 22 March 2017.</ref><ref>Kwamina Tandoh/Winifred Zuur, [http://www.ghananewsagency.org/social/ama-ata-aidoo-centre-for-creative-writing-inaugurated-114420 "Ama Ata Aidoo Centre for Creative Writing inaugurated"], Ghana News Agency, 16 March 2017.</ref> == Nnwuma a wɔapaw == * ''Ahonhommɔne bi a ɛyɛ den'' (agoru), Accra: Longman, 1965. New York: Macmillan, 1971, ne nea ɔkyerɛwee. * ''Anowa'' (agoru a egyina Ghana anansesɛm bi so), London: Longman, 1970. New York: Nnipa Ho Nsɛmma Nhoma Tintimbea, 1970. * ''No Sweetness Here: Nsɛm ntiantiaa a Wɔaboaboa Ano'', Longman, 1970. * ''Yɛn Nuabea Killjoy: anaasɛ Nsusuwii a efi Aniwa Tuntum mu'' (ayɛsɛm), Longman, 1977. * ''Obi a Ɔne Bere Bi Rekasa'' (anwensɛm a wɔaboaboa ano), Harare: College Press, 1986. * ''Ɔkɔre ne Nkokɔ ne Nsɛm Afoforo'' (ma mmofra), Tana Press, 1986. * ''Nnomaa ne Anwensɛm Afoforo'', Harare: College Press, 1987. * ''Krataa a Ɛyɛ Abufuw wɔ January mu'' (anwensɛm), Dangaroo Press, 1992. * ''Nsakrae: Ɔdɔ ho Asɛm'' (ayɛsɛm), Mmea Nsɛmma Nhoma, 1991. * ''Abeawa a Otumi ne Nsɛm Afoforo'', Heinemann African Writers Series, 1997. * ''Diplomatic Pounds & Nsɛm Afoforo'', Ayebia Clarke Nhoma Tintim, 2012. ==== Sɛ́ samufo no ==== ''Afrika Ɔdɔ Ho Nsɛm: Nsɛm a Wɔaboaboa Ano'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20130429065026/http://www.ayebia.co.uk/products/2/african-love-stories---an-anthology.html ''Afrika Ɔdɔ Ho Nsɛm: Nsɛm a Wɔaboaboa Ano''], Ayebia Clarke Publishing, 2006. == Akenkan a ɛkɔ akyiri == * Aditya Misra, "Owuo a Ɛyɛ Ahodwiriw: Bɔbeasu ne Tumi Nkɔso wɔ Ama Ata Aidoo Anowa mu". ''Drama Adesua Ho Nsɛmma Nhoma'', Po 1, kratafa 100. 6, No. 1, 2012, kr. 81–91 na ɛwɔ hɔ. * Anne V. Adams (a ɔkyerɛwee. ), ''Essays in Honor of Ama Ata Aidoo at 70: Ɔkenkanfo bi wɔ Afrika Amammerɛ Ho Adesua'' mu . Ayebia Clarke Nsɛmma Nhoma Tintimbea, 2012. * Ada Uzoamaka Azodo ne G. Wilentz, ''Adwene a Ɛrepue wɔ Ama Ata Aidoo'' ho, Afrika Nhwehwɛmu & Nwoma, 1999. * Vincent O. Odamtten, ''Ama Ata Aidoo Adwinni: Polylectics ne Akenkan a Ɛko Tia Neocolonialism'' . Florida Sukuupɔn Nsɛmma Nhoma Tintimbea, 1994. * Esther Pujolràs-Noguer, ''Afrikafo (Auto) asetra ho nsɛm.'' ''Ama Ata Aidoo Nwoma Ahwehwɛdeɛ: Anwonwadeɛ, ɔman ne atetesɛm'', Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, 2012. * Nafeesah Allen, "Nkitahodi a wɔne Atubrafo yɛ: Nsɛmbisa a wɔne Ama Ata Aidoo yɛe", ''Scholar & Feminist Online'', 2009. == Nsɛm a wɔde gyinaa so == ttvi8cwlqku2lkca9649ap27l09jukw 0 16425 200269 177357 2026-06-28T01:02:48Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 200269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dialect|Twi}}{{Databox}} '''Berlinia confusa''' yɛ [[Berlinia]] nhwiren afifide ahorow 21 a ɛwɔ [[Abibrem|Afrika]] no mu biako.<ref>{{Citation |title=Berlinia confusa Hoyle {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:481839-1 |language=en |access-date=2024-02-20}}</ref> Wɔtaa hu no wɔ africa atɔe fam na Hoyle na ohui.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=plant.jstor |title=Berlinia confusa Hoyle [family LEGUMINOSAE-CAESALPINIOIDEAE] on JSTOR |date= |url=https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.upwta.3_113?searchUri=filter=free_text&so=ps_group_by_genus_species+asc&Query=%2528berlinia+confusa%2529 |language=en |doi= |access-date=2024-02-20}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Plants » Selina Wamucii |url=https://www.selinawamucii.com/plants/fabaceae/berlinia-confusa/ |language=en-US |access-date=2024-02-20 |archive-date=2024-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220161535/https://www.selinawamucii.com/plants/fabaceae/berlinia-confusa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Saa dua yi wɔ abotiri kurukuruwa te sɛ sphere fa a ɛkɔ 15 - 40m, na ne dua no yɛ tẽẽ a enni nkorabata, na ɛkɔ soro kodu 23m na ne kɛse yɛ 60–100&nbsp;cm. Ebetumi ayɛ tiaa, akyeakyea, anaasɛ ayɛ sɛ sanku.<ref name=":0" /> Ɛyɛ Dua a ɛware, wɔde di dwuma mpɛn pii (aduan, nnuru, nneɛma) shades kɔfe, ɛma nnua a ɛsom bo.<ref name=":1">{{Citation |title=Berlinia confusa - Useful Tropical Plants |url=https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Berlinia+confusa |access-date=2024-02-20}}</ref> == Nnuruyɛ mu == Ahaban a ɛwɔ tumi a ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ebetumi atu nyinsɛn no nso ma wonya aduru a wɔde sa aso mu haw ahorow. Nneɛma a ɛyɛ adwuma te sɛ alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, ne tannins pii wɔ nhaban no mu, na flavones nso wɔ mu.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Beaɛ a menyaa mmoa fii == <references /> j9uiezfordrhv27ej67aq1j3q8wpx03 0 16434 200272 177393 2026-06-28T01:45:19Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 200272 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Flacourtia flavescens''' (the Indian plum) yɛ dua ketewaa bi a nsɔe wom a ɛwɔ [[Abibrem|Afrika]] ne Asia mmeae a osu tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=Flacourtia flavescens Willd. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:111647-1 |language=en |access-date=2024-02-23}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=International Plant Names Index |url=https://www.ipni.org/ |access-date=2024-02-23}}</ref> Ɛma nnuaba a wotumi di a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ anaa borɔdɔma, bere a ne nhaban nso yɛ nea wotumi di na wotumi de yɛ salad anaa nnuan a wɔanoa.<ref>{{Citation |title=Flacourtia flavescens in Global Plants on JSTOR |url=https://plants.jstor.org/compilation/Flacourtia.flavescens |access-date=2024-02-23}}</ref> Ɛtaa wɔ Asia Anafo Fam Apuei na wɔtaa hu wɔ aman te sɛ [[India]], Sri Lanka, Myanmar, [[Thailand]], ne [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Plants » Selina Wamucii |url=https://www.selinawamucii.com/plants/salicaceae/flacourtia-flavescens/ |language=en-US |access-date=2024-02-23 |archive-date=2024-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223131534/https://www.selinawamucii.com/plants/salicaceae/flacourtia-flavescens/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ho asɛm == Indiafo plum yɛ dua a ɛyɛ den, enyin brɛoo, na ne tenten du anammɔn 10-20. Ɛdannan asase ahorow yiye, ɛko tia ɔpɛ, na ɛda adi sɛ ɛko tia mmoawa a wɔsɛe nnɔbae ne nyarewa. Nnuaba nketewa, kurukuruwa, kɔkɔɔ anaa borɔdɔma no yɛ dɛ na ɛyɛ tart, vitamin A ne C pii wom, na ɛfata sɛ wodi no foforo anaasɛ wɔyɛ no jam, jelly, ne pie.<ref name=":0" /> Wɔnam aba anaa nea wɔatwitwa so na ɛma Flacourtia flavescens trɛw. Aba no nya mfaso fi asase a nsu fa mu yiye ne baabi a nsu wɔ bere nyinaa na ama afifi yiye. Saa ara nso na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde dua a wuatwa mu ntini sa nnua a wɔatwitwa a wonya fi nnua a ɛyɛ den fa mu no yare ansa na wɔde akɔ asase a nsu fa mu yiye mu akɔdua. Tebea horow a eye sen biara a ɛma onyin no hwehwɛ sɛ obi benya baabi a owia bɔ kɛse na wɔagugu so nsu daa. == Beaɛ a menyaa mmoa fii == <references /> b7ohc18tmmp9i7o9bkioiji8jywhqhk 0 16613 200276 181925 2026-06-28T05:06:20Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 200276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dialect|Asante}} {{Databox|item=Q35805}} Ɛwa yɛ mpofirem mframa a ɛfiri baabi a yɛn home no mu fa kɛseɛ firi ba na ɛtumi boa te ɛho nsuo no, ne nneɛma binom a ɛne nipadua no nhyia no, nneɛma afoforɔ binom ne mmoawa a wɔwɔ nsase mu.Wɔ kwan a yɛbɛfa so abɔ ho ban no, ɛwa tumi yɛ ntimu na kwan a wɔfa so si ɛwa ho kwan yɛ mmiɛnsa:woretwe mframa akɔ wo mu, worehyɛ menem no ama mframa afiri mu, ne mframa denden a ɛfiri ahrawa no mu a ɛdi menem no akyi, na nnyegyeɛ di akyire.<ref>{{Citation |last=Kian Fan Chung, Ian D. Pavord |title=Prevalence, pathogenesis, and causes of chronic cough |date=2008-04-19 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18424325/ |work=Lancet (London, England) |volume=371 |issue=9621 |pages=1364–1374 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60595-4 |issn=1474-547X |pmid=18424325 |access-date=2024-06-28}}</ref> Sɛ wobɔ ɛwa ntɛntɛm a na ɛkyerɛ sɛ woanya yareɛ bi. Mmoawa ahodoɔ nya mfasodeɛ firi kwan a mframa no fa so ba no, na deɛ ɔte ne so no bɔ ɛwa,na ɛno tumi boa ma yareɛ no sae kɔ nipa foforɔ so.Nipadua no mu nyarewa tumi de ɛwa beberee ba nanso sɛ biribi kɔhyɛ wo menem a wotumi bɔ ɛwa,afei sɛ worenom nnubɔne tumi ma wo bɔ wa, mframa mu sɛeeɛ,<ref>{{Citation |last=Kian Fan Chung, Ian D. Pavord |title=Prevalence, pathogenesis, and causes of chronic cough |date=2008-04-19 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18424325/ |work=Lancet (London, England) |volume=371 |issue=9621 |pages=1364–1374 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60595-4 |issn=1474-547X |pmid=18424325 |access-date=2024-06-28}}</ref>ntehyewa,yareɛ a ɛma wo yam nsuo sane ba wo menem, nsuo a ɛfiri wo hwenem sane ba wo menem, ahurututuo, ahrawa mu yareɛ,akoma yareɛ ne nnuro bi te sɛ angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors(ACE inhibitors)ne beta blockers tumi ma wo bɔ ɛwa. == Nsɔano == Ansa na wobɛsɔ ano no, ɛwɔ sɛ wohwɛ deɛ ɛde ba:sɛ ebia,worenom nnubɔne anaa ACE inhibitors.Ɛwa ho nnuro bi te sɛ [[:en:Codeine|codein]] anaa [[:en:Dextromethorphan|dextromethorphan]] ɛyɛ pa ara, nanso wɔahwehwɛ mu ahunu sɛ ɛwɔ nsunsuansoɔ kakra.Ɛho ayarehwɛ nkaeɛ no bɛtumi ahwɛ mframa a ɛfiri yɛn mu ba no na ɛbɛtumi nso aboa ayi amaman afiri yɛn ahrawa mu.Sɛdeɛ ɛyɛ adeɛ bi a ɛno ankasa bɔ ne ho ban no, sɛ wosi ɛwa no kwan a ɛtumi nya nsunsuansoɔ bi, ɛnkanka sɛ ɛwa no yɛ deɛ ɛbɛboa a(ɛyi amaman) no.<ref>{{Citation |last=Ian D. Pavord, Kian Fan Chung |title=Management of chronic cough |date=2008-04-19 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18424326/ |work=Lancet (London, England) |volume=371 |issue=9621 |pages=1375–1384 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60596-6 |issn=1474-547X |pmid=18424326 |access-date=2024-06-28}}</ref> == Patofiseɔlɔgyi == [[File:CoughsAndSneezesSpreadDiseases.jpg|thumb]] Ɛwa yɛ mpofirem banbɔ bi wɔ nipadua no mu a ɛnam adwenem nneɛma bi so na ɛba.<ref>{{Citation |last=Alan B. Goldsobel, Bradley E. Chipps |title=Cough in the pediatric population |date=2010-03 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20176183/ |work=The Journal of Pediatrics |volume=156 |issue=3 |pages=352–358 |doi=10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.12.004 |issn=1097-6833 |pmid=20176183 |access-date=2024-06-28}}</ref>Nhoma ahodoɔ mmienu bi wɔ nipadua no mu a, ɛno na ɛde mpofirem wa no ba, a wɔn ne [[:en:Myelin|myelinated]] rapidly adapting receptors, ne nonmyelinated [[:en:Group_C_nerve_fiber|C-fibers]] a wɔn ano si ahrawa no.<ref>{{Citation |last=Stuart B. Mazzone, Bradley J. Undem |title=Vagal Afferent Innervation of the Airways in Health and Disease |date=2016-07 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4982036/ |work=Physiological Reviews |volume=96 |issue=3 |pages=975–1024 |doi=10.1152/physrev.00039.2015 |issn=0031-9333 |pmc=4982036 |pmid=27279650 |access-date=2024-06-28}}</ref> == Ayaresa == Mmɔfra a wɔbɔ wa ho ayaresa no gyina deɛ ɛde ba so.Ɛwa ahodoɔ a ɛsi wɔ mmɔfra mu no,ɛmu fa tumi gyae sɛ ɛduru nna du na ɛnyaa ayaresa biara a, na ɛmu ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu aduokron nso tumi gyae wɔ nna aduonunum mu.<ref>{{Citation |last=Matthew Thompson, Talley A Vodicka, Peter S Blair, David I Buckley, Carl Heneghan, Alastair D Hay |title=Duration of symptoms of respiratory tract infections in children: systematic review |date=2013-12-11 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3898587/ |work=The BMJ |volume=347 |pages=f7027 |doi=10.1136/bmj.f7027 |issn=0959-8138 |pmc=3898587 |pmid=24335668 |access-date=2024-06-28}}</ref>Sɛdeɛ [[:en:American_Academy_of_Pediatrics|American Academy]] ma [[:en:American_Academy_of_Pediatrics|Pediatrics]] ka no, ɛwa ho nnuro a ɛtumi brɛ ɛwa ase no wɔ nyinasoɔ kakra bi, na ɛnyɛ nso sɛ wɔde bɛma mmɔfra a wɔbɔ wa.<ref>{{Citation |last=Alan B. Goldsobel, Bradley E. Chipps |title=Cough in the pediatric population |date=2010-03 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20176183/ |work=The Journal of Pediatrics |volume=156 |issue=3 |pages=352–358 |doi=10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.12.004 |issn=1097-6833 |pmid=20176183 |access-date=2024-06-28}}</ref>Yɛwɔ adansedie a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛwoɔ yɛ adeɛ a ɛyɛ ma obi a ɔbɔ wa,<ref>{{Citation |last=Olabisi Oduwole, Ekong E. Udoh, Angela Oyo-Ita, Martin M. Meremikwu |title=Honey for acute cough in children |date=2018-04-10 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29633783/ |work=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=CD007094 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD007094.pub5 |issn=1469-493X |pmc=6513626 |pmid=29633783 |access-date=2024-06-28}}</ref>kyɛn sɛ worenma no ayaresa biara anaa sɛ wode aduro a wɔfrɛ no [[:en:Diphenhydramine|diphenhydramine]] bɛbrɛ no ase.Ɛnyi ɛwa no mfiri hɔ sɛdeɛ [[:en:Dextromethorphan|dextromethorphan]] yɛ no nanso ɛtumi te mpɛn dodoɔ a wode bɛbɔ ɛwa no so kyɛn placebo ne [[:en:Salbutamol|salbutamol]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Olabisi Oduwole, Ekong E. Udoh, Angela Oyo-Ita, Martin M. Meremikwu |title=Honey for acute cough in children |date=2018-04-10 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29633783/ |work=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=CD007094 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD007094.pub5 |issn=1469-493X |pmc=6513626 |pmid=29633783 |access-date=2024-06-28}}</ref>Yɛbɛtumi de nnuro a ɛkum mmoawa anaa sɛ aduro a yɛtwe kɔ yɛn mu no a wɔfrɛ no [[:en:Corticosteroid|corticosteroids]] ama mmɔfra a ɛwa ayɛ koankorɔ wɔ wɔn so no ne ayaresa a wɔde ko tia ahurututuo mmoawa ne ntehyewa.<ref>{{Citation |last=Alan B. Goldsobel, Bradley E. Chipps |title=Cough in the pediatric population |date=2010-03 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20176183/ |work=The Journal of Pediatrics |volume=156 |issue=3 |pages=352–358 |doi=10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.12.004 |issn=1097-6833 |pmid=20176183 |access-date=2024-06-28}}</ref> == Mmoa Binom == [[File:20191124Wildfreigehege Wolfsrat 10.jpg|thumb]] Nsuo mu mmoa te sɛ dɔɔfen ne bonsu ntumi mmɔ wa.<ref>{{Citation |last=J. C. Woodard, S. G. Zam, D. K. Caldwell, M. C. Caldwell |title=Some parasitic diseases of dolphins |date=1969 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5817449/ |work=Pathologia Veterinaria |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=257–272 |doi=10.1177/030098586900600307 |issn=0031-2975 |pmid=5817449 |access-date=2024-06-28}}</ref>Mmoa a kasɛe nni wɔn mu bi te sɛ ntutumoa ne ananse ntumi mmɔ wa anaa sɛ nwansi.Mmoa akɛseɛ tumi bɔ wa.<ref>{{Citation |title=Crocodile ‘cough’ caught on camera in Florida Everglades |date=2023-08-23 |url=https://www.wfla.com/news/florida/crocodile-cough-caught-on-camera-in-florida-everglades/ |language=en-US |access-date=2024-06-28 |archive-date=2023-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003152031/https://www.wfla.com/news/florida/crocodile-cough-caught-on-camera-in-florida-everglades/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Efie mmoa ne nkasɛemoa te sɛ nkraman ne ɔkra tumi bɔ wa,ɛsiane yareɛ, nnompe mu yareɛ, mfuturo anaa biribi tumi hyɛ wɔn menem.<ref>{{Citation |title=Is It Normal for Cats To Cough? |url=https://www.pethealthnetwork.com/cat-health/cat-diseases-conditions-a-z/it-normal-cats-cough |language=en |access-date=2024-06-28 |archive-date=2024-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628161057/https://www.pethealthnetwork.com/cat-health/cat-diseases-conditions-a-z/it-normal-cats-cough |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ɔkra deɛ, yɛnim wɔn sɛ wɔbɔ wa ansa mpo na wɔate biribi ato fam.<ref>{{Citation |title=Is It Normal for Cats To Cough? |url=https://www.pethealthnetwork.com/cat-health/cat-diseases-conditions-a-z/it-normal-cats-cough |language=en |access-date=2024-06-28 |archive-date=2024-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628161057/https://www.pethealthnetwork.com/cat-health/cat-diseases-conditions-a-z/it-normal-cats-cough |url-status=dead }}</ref>Wɔ efie mmoa binom nso no, apɔnkɔ tumi bɔ wa ɛsiane nyarewa nti,anaa sɛ ahuhuro ne mfuturo wɔ baabi a mframa biara mfa hɔ no.<ref>{{Citation |title=Coughing in horses explained Your Horse Magazine |date=2020-07-28 |url=https://www.yourhorse.co.uk/advice/vet-advice/articles/2016/9/5/coughing-explained |access-date=2024-06-28 |archive-date=2020-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728232940/https://www.yourhorse.co.uk/advice/vet-advice/articles/2016/9/5/coughing-explained |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ɛwa yareɛ a ɛwɔ nkraman mu bɛtumi afiri mmoawa ahodoɔ binom.Ɔwansane tumi bɔ wa te sɛ nnipa ɛsiane nyarewa a ɛtumi wura wɔn mu no nti, ɛbi te sɛ parasitic bronchitis a dictyocaulus mmoawa de ba no. == Beaeɛ A Menyaa Mmoa Firiiɛ == d1v29ivsrg9kflxodyb8aqxl6aic4ha 0 16799 200271 182035 2026-06-28T01:43:30Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 200271 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ficus exasperata''', a ɔsan frɛ no Nyankyerene anaa Sandpaper dua yɛ dua a ne nhaban so, ne dua a ne nhwiren yɛ abien a ɛwɔ mulberry abusua Moraceae mu, a ɛwɔ [[Abibrem|Afrika]] atɔe fam (ɛfiri [[Senegal]] apuei fam kɔ Ethiopia ne anafo fam kɔ [[Angola]] ne Mozambique) ne Asia anafo fam ([[India]], Sri Lanka, Yemen).<ref>{{Citation |title=player_list |date= |url=http://database.prota.org/PROTAhtml/Ficus%20exasperata_En.htm |access-date=2024-07-18 |archive-date=2019-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314090320/http://database.prota.org/PROTAhtml/Ficus%20exasperata_En.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nkyerɛkyerɛmu == Sandpaper dua yɛ dua a ne kɛse yɛ nketenkete a ɛwɔ banyan nnua mu, na ne tenten yɛ mita 20. N'abaa no nya ntini a ɛtra soro na ɛboa ma esi fam wɔ asase no mu, na ɛboa ma n'abaa a emu yɛ duru no so. Nhwiren no yɛ ɔbaa ne ɔbarima ne ɔbaa, ne kɔla yɛ memen(pink) anaa na sɛ ɛbere a ɛyɛ kɔla kɔkɔɔ.<ref>{{Citation |title=Ficus exasperata - FigWeb |url=https://www.figweb.org//Ficus/Subgenus_Sycidium/Section_Sycidium/Ficus_exasperata.htm |access-date=2024-07-18 |archive-date=2024-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240815130214/https://www.figweb.org/Ficus/Subgenus_Sycidium/Section_Sycidium/Ficus_exasperata.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dua no wɔ mmeae pii nso a wɔde di dwuma, wɔde n'ahaban yɛ asaawa, dua no tumi siw mmoawa ano, na wɔde dua no nso di dwuma. Wɔde Ficus exasperata no ayɛ sunsuma wɔ nnua so, na wodua no sɛ ɔkwan so sunsum dua<ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=Ficus exasperata - Useful Tropical Plants |url=https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Ficus+exasperata |access-date=2024-07-18}}</ref> == Sɛnea ɛnyini == Wonim sɛ ɔkraman Kradibia gestroi na ɛma dua no mu nsu yɛ frɔmfrɔm, baabi a ɔbere no to nkesua wɔ nnua a ɛyɛ mmea a ne su yɛ tiawa nkutoo mu. Sɛ nna mu awo da nkyɛn a, dua no betumi anyin denam afifide a aba ne nea wɔatwitwa so trɛw so.<ref>{{Citation |title=Flora of Zimbabwe: Species information: Ficus exasperata |url=https://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=120280 |access-date=2024-07-18}}</ref> == Sɛnea wɔde di dwuma == ==== Sɛ Nnuru a Wɔde Di Dwuma ==== Wɔ tete aduruyɛ mu no, wɔde Ficus exasperata afa horow bi sa nyarewa te sɛ apira, honam mu yare, adidi ne ɔnom mu haw, ne ahome mu haw ahorow. Mpɛn pii no, wotwa nhaban no ma wɔde gu hɔ anaa wɔyɛ no aduru.<ref>{{Citation |title=Ficus exasperata |date=2023-06-14 |url=https://greeninstitute.ng/plants/2023/6/14/ficus-exasperata |language=en-US |access-date=2024-07-18}}</ref> == Sɛ awuduru == Ɛwom sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔkyerɛ sɛ dua no yɛ awuduru ma mmirekyi ne nguan de, nanso wɔtaa de ma mmoa a wɔnnidi bio, titiriw wɔ [[Ghana]]. N'abaa ne ne nhaban yɛ awuduru a wɔde yi agyan no mu nneɛma<ref name=":0" /> == Mfonini == [[File:274757e8e7e87254b0b5f93544055e947f77714e 480px.jpg|thumb|Nhaban]] == Beaɛ a menyaa mmoa fii == rp0hnj6g6d45eml85xiwdhxnk6727se 0 17222 200265 196916 2026-06-28T00:35:00Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 200265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Thomas Amoako Boafo''', a dodoɔ no ara frɛ no Amoako Boafo no yɛ Ghana dwumfoɔ a ɔsane nso yɛ penta. Wɔwoo no Kɔtɔnimaa da a ɛtɔ so du wɔ afe Apem ahankron aduonnwɔtwe nan (10 May 1984) mu.[https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/culture/article/amoako-boafo-interview] == Abrabɔ Ahyɛaseɛ == Wɔwoo Boafo sane nso tetee no wɔ Osu a ɛwɔ Nkran Mantam mu wɔ Ɔman Ghana.[https://hirshhorn.si.edu/news/press-release/hirshhorn-announces-over-80-acquisitions-by-48-modern-and-contemporary-artists/] Ɔkɔɔ Ghanatta College of Art and Design wɔ Nkran, na akyire yi ɔtoaa n’adesua so wɔ Academy of Fine Arts Vienna wɔ Austria.[https://i-d.co/article/amoako-boafo-is-nuancing-how-black-men-are-represented-in-painting/][https://web.archive.org/web/20231208091816/https://www.numero.com/fr/art/amoako-boafo-artiste-du-mois-nicolas-trembley-ghana-galerie-mariane-ibrahim] == Adwuma == '''Boafo''' mfoni no mu dodoɔ no ara fa nipadua, ntadeɛ, ne honam dua a ɔde ne nsateaa yɛ no ho. Wɔ afe Mpem mmienu ne du nkron (2019) mu no, Boafo yɛɛ adwuma wɔ Rubell adekorabea(Museum) foforɔ a ɛwɔ Miami, Florida, na wɔ afe Mpem mmienu ne aduonu (2020) mu no, ɔne Dior<ref>{{Citation |title= |date=}}</ref> adwumakuo no yɛɛ adwuma maa wɔn afe Mpem mmienu ne aduonu baako (2021)  awɔ berɛ mu Men Collection.[https://www.frieze.com/article/amoako-boafos-paintings-stare-back-you][https://web.archive.org/web/20250523104634/https://time.com/collection/time100-next-2021/5937676/amoako-boafo/] N'adwuma '''Suborbital Triptych''', a ɛyɛ ne ho mfonini ahodoɔ mmiɛnsa, ne maame, ne n'adamfo bi maame, wɔatintim wɔ '''New''' '''Shepard''' afidie a wɔde sii hɔ a nnipa nni mu no so wɔ Ɔsanaa bosome da ɛtɔ so aduonu nsia wɔ afe Mpem mmienu ne aduonu baako mu (August 26, 2021). Ɛkɔɔ akyirikyiri nsoromma mu bɛyɛ kwansini ɔha ne nsia (106 km).[https://web.archive.org/web/20210818173530/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-shepard-mission-ns-17-launch-updates] Wɔ Kɔtɔnimaa da ɛtɔ so aduonu nsia, afe Mpem mmienu ne aduonu mmienu mu no, ne U.S. exhibition a edi kan no, Soul of Black Folks, bueee wɔ Contemporary Art adekorabea (Museum) a ɛwɔ Houston. == Ne Nsa Ano Nnwuma == Boafo adwuma wɔ ankorankora ne ɔmanfo nkabom mu, nnansa yi ara wɔ Blenheim Art Foundation, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Hirshhorn Museum, Rubell Museum, Marieluise Hessel Collection, Aishti Foundation, CCS Bard College Hessel Art Museum, Pizzuti Collection of Columbus Museum of Art, Colección Solo ne Albertina Museum wɔ Vienna na wobɛhunu ne nsa ano nnwuma no mu dodoɔ no ara. == Ɔyikyerɛ Ahodoɔ (Exibitions) == Nhyiamu ahodoɔ: 2022. Certeza. Espacio SOLO - Colección SOLO (Madrid, Spain). Wɔ Sitting on the Sun (2019) mu. Ankorankora dwumadie: 2025. "Ɛnyɛ Anwonwasɛm Nti na Mebaa Mo Nkyɛn", Gagosian Gallery (London, UK). == Abasobɔdeɛ == Ɔgyee Jury abasobɔdeɛ, Walter Koschatzky Art Prize wɔ afe Mpem mmienu ne du nson (2017). Deɛ ɛtɔ ne STRABAG Art award International a ɔnyaeɛ wɔ afe Mpem mmienu ne du nson no mu ara. == Arte Dwa So == Mariane Ibrahim Gallery a ɛwɔ Chicago no na ɛgyina Boafo ananmu, na wɔ 2021 mu no, wɔtɔn ne Hands Up (2018) wɔ HKD ɔpepem 26.7 ($3.4 million) wɔ Roberts Projects wɔ Los Angeles. Wɔ Christie's wɔ Hong Kong. == Baabi A Menyaa Mmoa Firiiɛ == 1. https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/culture/article/amoako-boafo-interview 2. https://hirshhorn.si.edu/news/press-release/hirshhorn-announces-over-80-acquisitions-by-48-modern-and-contemporary-artists/ 3.https://i-d.co/article/amoako-boafo-is-nuancing-how-black-men-are-represented-in-painting/ 4. https://web.archive.org/web/20231208091816/https://www.numero.com/fr/art/amoako-boafo-artiste-du-mois-nicolas-trembley-ghana-galerie-mariane-ibrahim 5.https://www.frieze.com/article/amoako-boafos-paintings-stare-back-you 6.https://time.com/collection/time100-next-2021/5937676/amoako-boafo/ 7. https://web.archive.org/web/20210818173530/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-shepard-mission-ns-17-launch-updates 15qdhpyvs9z0ua1c8vnc0iookad1x9s 0 17957 200274 197931 2026-06-28T02:22:06Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 200274 wikitext text/x-wiki Jadesola Olayinka Akande(15 Ɔbɛnem, 1940 – 29 Ɔpɛpɔn, 2008) yɛ Nigeriani mmaranimfo, ɔkyerɛwfo ne nhomanimfo a wobu no sɛ Nigeriani ɔbea a odi kan a ɔyɛ Mmara ho ɔbenfo.<ref>Modupeolu Faseke (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=0rAEAQAAIAAJ ''Nigerian women professionals: a historical analysis''.] Tidings Publications. ISBN <bdi>978-978-067-170-9</bdi>.</ref><ref>[https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/forever-in-our-hearts-professor-jadesola-akande-15-11-1940-to-29-4-2008/ "Forever in our hearts: Professor Jadesola Akande (15-11-1940 to 29-4-2008)".] ''The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News''. 14 May 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2022.</ref> == '''Mfitiase asetena ne nhomasua''' == Wɔwoo Akande Jadesola Olayinka wɔ 15 Ɔbɛnem 1940, wɔ Ibadan Oyo Mantam mu, Nigeria Atɔe Fam Mantam a enni hɔ bio. Owiee ne mmofra sukuu, mfitiase ne ntoaso sukuu adesua wɔ Ibadan People's Girls School ne St.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260413050143/https://dawncommission.org/late-prof-jadesola-olayinka-debo-akande-ofr/ "Late Prof. Jadesola Olayinka Debo-Akande, (OFR) – DAWN Commission".] Retrieved 7 February 2025.</ref>Annes Sukuu no sɛnea ɛte biara.<ref>Gbenga-Ogundare, Yejide (31 July 2024). [https://tribuneonlineng.com/foundation-equips-624-prefects-in-ibadan/ "Foundation equips 624 prefects in Ibadan".] Tribune Online. Retrieved 31 January 2025.</ref><ref name=":1">Olugbamila, Adegunle (27 November 2008). [http://www.thenationonlineng.net/archive2/tblnews_Detail.php?id=71094 "Law students honour Jadesola Akande".] ''[[:en:The_Nation_(Nigeria)|The Nation]]''. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref> <ref name=":0">[http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20080430075404zg/nigeria-watch/prof-jadesola-akande-dies-at-68/ "Prof. Jadesola Akande Dies At 68".] ''P.M. News''. Nigerian Muse. 29 April 2008. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref>Ɔnyaa ne G.C.E Advanced Level adansedie krataa berɛ a ɔkɔɔ Barnstaple Girls Grammar School Devon, England ansa na ɔrekɔ so asua Mmara ho adesua wɔ University College, London baabi a ɔwiee wɔ afe 1963 mu.<ref>Ogun Radio (Ogun State, Nigeria) (1986). [https://web.archive.org/web/20260413050143/https://dawncommission.org/late-prof-jadesola-olayinka-debo-akande-ofr/ ''Meet the press: tenth anniversary, 1976–1986''.]</ref><ref>Awosika, Kezia (22 May 2014). [http://www.barasolutions.com/mainGuardian/opinion/letters/162436-remembering-professor-jadesola-akande "Remembering Professor Jadesola Akande".] ''The Guardian''. Bara Solutions. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref> == '''Adwuma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma''' == Bere a ɔfrɛɛ no kɔɔ bar wɔ Inner Temple, London ne Nigeria Law School akyi no, Ɔsan kɔɔ Nigeria baabi a ofii n’adwuma ase sɛ Administrative Officer wɔ West Regional Civil Service.<ref name=":1" /> Na ɔyɛ Ɔman Mmara Nhwehwɛmu Boayikuw a ɛbaa afe 1987, ne Ɔmampanyin no muni titiriw Ɔman Ahobammɔ Ho Bagua wɔ afe 2000 mu.<ref name=":1" /> Wɔ Ayɛwohomumɔ 1989 mu no, wɔpaw Akande sɛ Lagos Ɔman Suapɔn no Ɔmanpanyin Abadiakyiri a ɔto so abien, dibea a odii kosii afe 1993,<ref>Samson, Kukogho Iruesiri (29 April 2015). "11 things you did not know about Lagos State University". ''Pulse Nigeria''. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref> bere a ogyaee sɛ ɔkyerɛkyerɛfo wɔ Lagos Sukuupɔn mu no. Wɔ afe 2000 mu no, wɔpaw no sɛ Pro-Chancellor wɔ Federal University of Technology, Akure kosii afe 2004.<ref name=":1" /><ref>"Late Prof. Jadesola Olayinka Debo-Akande, (OFR) – DAWN Commission". Retrieved 11 June 2022.</ref> Na ɔyɛ Ɔman Mmara Nhwehwɛmu Boayikuw a wɔyɛe wɔ 1987 ne Ɔmampanyin Bagua a Ɛhwɛ Ɔman Ahobammɔ So no muni titiriw wɔ afe 2000. Na osuahu pii a ɔwɔ no yɛ nea ɛso bi nni. == '''Adwuma''' == * Jadesola Olayinka Debo Akande (1979) na ɔkyerɛwee. [https://books.google.com/books?id=QMkxAAAAIAAJ Mmara ne Amanne a Ɛka Mmea Gyinabea wɔ Nigeria.] Amanaman Ntam Mmea Mmaranimfo Fekuw (Nigeria). * Jadesola Akande na ɔde ne nsa kyerɛɛ ne so; Mariame Ouattara (2007) na ɔkyerɛwee. [https://books.google.com/books?id=KyMoAQAAIAAJ Nteteeɛ Nwoma a ɛfa Mmea a wɔde wɔn ho bɛhyɛ nnisoɔ mu: Nsɛm a wɔka de boa, Lobbying Networking, Apam-kyekyere ne Nkitahodiɛ.] WiLDAF/FeDDAF Afrika Atɔe Fam. * Jadesola Akande na ɔde ne nsa kyerɛɛ ne so; Peter O. Adeniyi (2002) na ɔkyerɛwee. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ul8hAQAAIAAJ Ɔkasa a Wɔmae wɔ Da a Edi Kan wɔ Nhyiam a Ɛto so 13 ne 14 a Wɔaka abom no mu :: Efiada, 1st November, 2002.] Federal University of Technology. == '''Nidi ne nkamfo a wɔde ma no''' == * [[:en:Order_of_the_Niger|Ɔsahene a ɔhwɛ Niger Ahyɛde]] (CON) so – 1998<ref>"Akhigbe, CJN, Ayefele 183 others get national honours". ''Vanguard''. Lagos, Nigeria. 1 July 2010. Retrieved 30 May 2020.</ref> * [[:en:Order_of_the_Niger|Ɔman Niger Ahyɛde]] (OFR) – 2002<ref>"The Chinua Achebe Foundation #35 – Professor Jadesola Akande in converstion with Toluwanimi Olujimi". ''www.nigeriavillagesquare.com''. Retrieved 30 May 2020.</ref> == '''Ntotoho''' == k6dk4w3df4s6djyrc2rayiv08sceipj 0 18063 200266 199527 2026-06-28T00:50:18Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 200266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dialect|Asante}} [[File:Petite sirène de Copenhague (conforme à la loi danoise).JPG|thumb]] '''Asukɔtweaa Ketekete''' (Danish: ''Den lille Havfrue'') yɛ kɔbere ohoni a Edvard Eriksen yɛɛe, a ɛkyerɛ asukɔtweaa bi a ɔbɛyɛɛ onipa. Wɔde ohoni no akyerɛ wɔ ɔbotan bi so wɔ nsu no ho wɔ Langelinie akwantubea a ɛwɔ [[København]], [[Dεnmaak|Denmark]] no.<ref>{{Citation |last=Craig Hewitt |title=Little Mermaid Copenhagen Statue Facts and Real Story - Visit Boat Tour |date=2012-01-05 |url=https://denmark.net/little-mermaid-copenhagen/ |language=en-US |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> Ohoni no tentene yɛ 1.25 metres (4.1 ft) ne mu duru yɛ 175 kilograms (385 lb).<ref>{{Citation |title=Travelling Little Mermaid to resurface in Copenhagen by video |date=2010-04-30 |url=https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/art/travelling-little-mermaid-to-resurface-in-copenhagen-by-video-1959207.html |language=en |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> Saa ohoni yi Eriksen yɛɛ ɛfa anansesɛm bi a Danish ɔtwerɛni Hans Christian Andersen di nkan yɛɛ afe1837. Wɔ Copenhagen kuro no mu saa ohoni yi yɛ ahyɛnsodeɛ, a akwantufoɔ ne ahɔhoɔ pii kɔ hwɛ ɛfirisɛ wɔ bue so afe 1913. Mfie a atwam yi a bɛ yɛ biribi a atuatewfoɔ sei bere a basabasaɛ aba. Asukɔtweaa Ketekete yi a kɔyɛ ohoni titirew ma nnkuro akɛseɛ pii. Bi tesɛ: the statue of ''Pania of the Reef'' in Napier; ''Manneken Pis'' wɔ Brussels; the Statue of Liberty wɔ New York; ''Christ the Redeemer'' wɔ Rio de Janeiro; ''Smok Wawelski'' (''Wawel Dragon'') wɔ Kraków, Poland; anaa Nelson's Column ne Eros wɔ London. == Abakɔsɛm == Dwumfoɔ Edvard Eriksen yɛɛ kɔbere ohoni yi a wɔ paw ho wɔ Ɔsanaa bosome da 23, afe 1913.<ref>{{Citation |last=Hans-Henrik T. Ohlsen |title=The Little Mermaid |url=http://copenhagenpictures.dk/mermaid.html |access-date=2026-05-11 |archive-date=1999-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991128173940/http://copenhagenpictures.dk/mermaid.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Eriksen di nkan bisaa Price sɛɛ ɔnbɔ adagya na wa yɛ nhwɛsoɔ ama ohoni no, Price na ɔyɛ ballerina, na w'anpene so. Eriksen de ne yere Eline Eriksen na ɛyɛɛ nhwɛsoɔ ma ohoni no.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=The Little Mermaid statue in Copenhagen, Denmark |url=https://mermaidsofearth.com/mermaid-statues-mermaid-sculptures/public/the-little-mermaid-statue-copenhagen/ |language=en-US |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> Amanfoɔ ka sɛ ohoni no anim sɛ Price nanso saa asɛm yi nyɛ nokware.<ref name=":0" /> Copenhagen kuro no badwafoɔ hyehyɛ sɛɛ wɔ bɛ yi ohoni no akɔ Shanghai a wɔ Danish Pavilion bere a wɔ yɛɛ Expo 2010 (Kotonimaa kɔsi Ahinime).<ref>{{Citation |title=Maid in China |url=http://jyllands-posten.dk/uknews/article1434938.ece |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Sɛso == Ohoni yi mu yɛ nhwɛsoɔ a deɛ ɛdi kan no wɔ ho. Nso ohoni yi ayɛ nhwɛsodeɛ a ma ohoni asukɔtweaa du-mmiensa wɔ kuro beree wɔ wiase nyinaa. <ref>https://mermaidsofearth.com/mermaid-statues-mermaid-sculptures/public/</ref> Ɛbii ne: * Solvang, California * Kimballton, Iowa<ref name=":1">{{Citation |last=Timothy Aeppel |title=Michigan 'Little Mermaid' Statue Prompts Copyright Concern |date=2009-07-28 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124865622123982685 |work=Wall Street Journal |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660 |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> * Piatra Neamţ, Romania<ref name=":1" /> * Torrejón de Ardoz (Madrid), Spain * Seoul, South Korea<ref>{{Citation |last=The Korea Herald |title=Little Mermaid’s replica statue unveiled in Seoul |date=2016-10-31 |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20161031000768 |language=en |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> * a half-sized copy in Calgary, Alberta, Canada<ref>https://www.calgary.ca/csps/recreation/public-art/downtown-public-art-circuit-tour.html#mermaid</ref> * a copy at the grave of Danish-American entertainer Victor Borge<ref name=":1" /> == Beaɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ == {{reflist}} [[Nkyekyεmu:Asante Twi kasa]] [[Nkyekyεmu:Ohoni]] [[Nkyekyεmu:Adwini]] cubnkdamm4kjs8xot3cce74jeogrlxb 0 18143 200268 200099 2026-06-28T00:56:10Z InternetArchiveBot 10377 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 200268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Awurama Badu|birth_date=1945 Banko, Sekyere-Apueeɛ Mansini mu, Asante Mantam.|death_date=Ahinime bosome da a ɛtɔ so 26, 2017. Effiduase Aban Ayaresabea, Sekyere-Apueeɛ Mansini mu, Asante Mantam|occupation=Dwontoɔ}} ''Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ '''Asante Twi''' mu'' '''Awurama Badu''' (Ewurama Badu) yɛ Ghana nnwontofo a wɔwoo no wɔ afe 1945 na ofi Banko wɔ Sekyere Kumawu Mantam a ɛwɔ Ashanti Mantam mu<ref>{{Citation |title=My mother deserves State burial - Awurama Badu's son pleads |date=2017-10-31 |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/story/veteran-musician-my-mother-deserves-state-burial-awurama-badus-son-pleads-2024072311555839043 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-16}}</ref>. Ɔno na na ne din da so wɔ nnwom a na ɔto no ho, na na ɔyɛ Highlife nwomtofo a ɔwɔ ɔdom akyɛde a na ne ho yɛ anika bere a na nnwom adwumakuw no mu dodow no ara yɛ mmarima, na na mmea kakraa bi na wɔpere sɛ wɔbɛkɔ adwuma no mu, sɛnea "Bessa Simons" kyerɛ no<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Peace FM Online |title=Awurama Badu’s Family Devastated By Her Death {{!}} General Entertainment {{!}} Peacefmonline.com |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201710/333211.php |access-date=2026-06-16 |archive-date=2024-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722013618/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201710/333211.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Awurama wɔ mma anan - mmammarima baanu ne mmammaa baanu<ref>{{Citation |last=Lawrencia Larbi-Amoah |title=Awurama Badu Deserves State Burial - Son |date=2017-11-01 |url=https://www.ghafla.co.ke/gh/awurama-badu-deserves-state-burial-son/ |language=en-US |access-date=2026-06-16}}</ref>. == Abrabɔ Suahunu ne ne wuo == N'adwuma a etwa to a ɔyɛeɛ wɔ badwam ne afe 2013 mu wɔ Citi FM's anadwo a wɔtoo nnwom wɔ Ghana, a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ National Theatre of Ghana<ref>{{Citation |last=Harriet Edleson |title=House Passes AHCA Bill Amid Protests From APA, Other Groups |date=2017-06-02 |url=https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2017.6a8 |work=Psychiatric News |volume=52 |issue=11 |pages=1–1 |doi=10.1176/appi.pn.2017.6a8 |issn=0033-2704 |access-date=2026-06-16}}</ref>. Wɔ Kitawonsa bosome mu wɔ afe 2017 mu no, Badu yii ne ho adi wɔ badwam berɛ a ɔkɔe GHAMRO Annual General Meeting a ɛtɔ so 2 no wɔ [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science]]. Badu wuiɛ wɔ [[Effiduase]] Aban Ayaresabea wɔ [[Asante Mantam|Ashanti mantam]] mu wɔ Yawda, Ɔbɛnem 26, 2017. Ɛde besi nnɛ, wɔnnim nea ɛde owuo no baeɛ, nanso amanneɛbɔ bi kyerɛ sɛ na ɔdwontoni no ayare pɛn. Ná wadi mfeɛ 72<ref name=":0" />. == Hwɛ bio == * [[:en:Music_of_Ghana|Music of Ghana]] == Beaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ == [[Nkyekyεmu:AfroCurationGhana2026]] n6qanw874nx5kk26adyvarohbt2yyo6 0 18144 200277 200258 2026-06-28T10:49:01Z MABRIZA 21835 translatin 200277 wikitext text/x-wiki Anhweatam a ɛyɛ asase a ɛyɛ asase a ɛsow aba no sɛe nkakrankakra ma ɛbɛyɛ anhweatam a ɛso yɛ kusuu esiane abɔde mu nneɛma ne nnipa dwumadi ahorow a wɔaka abom nti. Nea ɛde anhweatam no ba ntɛm ara ne afifide dodow no ara a wɔhwere. Nneɛma ahorow bi na ɛde eyi ba, ɛno nkutoo anaasɛ wɔaka abom, te sɛ ɔpɛ, wim nsakrae, afuw a wɔyɛ de yɛ kua, adidibea a wodi boro so ne kwae a wotutu de yɛ pɛtro anaa adansi nneɛma. Ɛwom sɛ afifide di dwuma titiriw wɔ abɔde a nkwa wom a ɛwɔ asase no mu a wɔkyerɛ mu de, nanso nhwehwɛmu ahorow ada no adi sɛ, wɔ mmeae pii no, nsu a ɛtɔ ne nsu a ɛsen no so tew kɛse bere a afifide a ɛkata so no kɔ soro no.<ref>{{Citation |last=N. A. Geeson, C. J. Brandt, J. B. Thornes |title=Mediterranean Desertification: A Mosaic of Processes and Responses |date=2003-04-11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G_0qg0f49GQC&pg=PA58 |publisher=Wiley |language=en |isbn=978-0-470-85686-4 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Asase a ɛso yɛ kusuu a wɔmmɔ ho ban no ne mframa bɔ anaasɛ nsuyiri a ɛba ntɛmntɛm hohoro no, na ɛma asase a ɛwɔ fam a ɛsow aba a ɛtow wɔ owia mu na ɛbɛyɛ kyɛnsee a ɛyɛ den a ɛnsow aba<ref>{{Citation |title=Sustainable development of drylands and combating desertification |url=https://www.fao.org/4/v0265e/v0265e01.htm |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Ning Zeng, Jinho Yoon |title=Expansion of the world's deserts due to vegetation-albedo feedback under global warming |date=2009 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2009GL039699 |work=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=36 |issue=17 |language=en |doi=10.1029/2009GL039699 |issn=1944-8007 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Anyɛ yiye koraa no, nnipa a wɔte asase kesee so no mu 90% te aman a afei na wɔrenya nkɔso mu, baabi a sikasɛm ne asetra mu tebea horow a enye nso hu amane.<ref>{{Citation |title=2010–2020: UN Decade for Deserts and the Fight against Desertification |url=https://www.un.org/en/events/desertification_decade/index.shtml |language=EN |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Saa tebea yi mu yɛ den esiane asase a wɔsɛe no nti esiane nnɔbae a ɛso tew, asetra mu tebea a ɛyɛ hu ne sɛnea ɛyɛ den sɛ wobenya nneɛma ne hokwan ahorow nti.<ref>{{Citation |title=Desertification |date=2026-06-22 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Desertification&oldid=1360607973 |work=Wikipedia |language=en |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Asasesin a ɛka wɔn kɛse no wɔ Afrika (Sahel mantam), Asia (Gobi Anhweatam ne Mongolia) ne Amerika Kesee Fam mmeae bi. Asase a ɛso yɛ kusuu no gye Asase asase no bɛyɛ 40–41% na nnipa bɛboro ɔpepepem 2 na wɔte hɔ.<ref>{{Citation |title=Pollution-free Planet – UN Environment Management Group |url=https://unemg.org/pollution-free-planet/ |language=en-US |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Nea ɛka anhweatam a ɛdannan no bi ne anhwea ne mfutuma ahum, aduan a wonnya, ne ohia<ref>{{Citation |last=Keegan Carvalho |title=What Is Desertification? Causes, Effects, And Solutions |date=2024-12-03 |url=https://earth.org/what-is-desertification/ |language=en |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Akwan a wɔfa so brɛ anhweatam ase anaasɛ wɔdan no bi ne asase no yiyedi a wɔbɛma atu mpɔn, anhweatam so ayɛ frɔmfrɔm, adidibea a wɔhwɛ so, ne nnua a wodua (kwae a wɔbɛsan asiesie ne kwae a wɔbɛdua)<ref>{{Citation |last=GREEN EARTH GROUP N.V |title=Green Earth {{!}} How to combat desertification |url=https://www.green.earth/desertification |language=en |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Wɔ asase ho abakɔsɛm nyinaa mu no, anhweatam so nkɔso aba wɔ abɔde mu wɔ bere tenten mu<ref>{{Citation |title=Desertification |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/deserts/desertification/ |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> == '''Nkyerɛase''' '''Ahorow''' == Anhweatam a ɛdannan yɛ ade a ɛkɔ so nkakrankakra a ɛma asase no yɛ kusuu kɛse. Wɔakyerɛkyerɛ anhweatam mu wɔ Amanaman Nkabom Apam a Ɛko Tia Anhweatam (UNCCD) no mu sɛ "asase a wɔsɛe no wɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ kusuu, ɛhɔ yɛ kusuu fã na ɛhɔ yɛ kusuu a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini a efi nneɛma ahorow mu, a wim nsakrae ne nnipa dwumadi ka ho."<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/action/cookieAbsent |doi=10.1080/00139157.1993.9929106 |access-date=2026-06-23|last=Hulme, Mike; Kelly, Mick (1993)|title=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00139157.1993.9929106|date=Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development. 35 (6): 4–45.}}</ref> Anhweatam ho nkyerɛaseɛ – Saa asase no so beaeɛ a osuo ne sukyerɛmma a ɛtɔ nyinaa sua koraa sene mmeaeɛ foforɔ, baabi a afe biara osuo a ɛtɔ nnu 25CM. Nkyerɛaseɛ a UNO (1995) de maeɛ – Wɔfrɛ asase a ɛsɛe wɔ mmeaeɛ a ɛso yɛ kwa, nsuo a ɛyɛ nwini ne nsuo a ɛnyɛ nwini ɛnam wim nsakraeɛ ne nnipa dwumadiɛ nti, wɔfrɛ no anhweatam<ref>{{Citation |title=Desert |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/desert |language=en |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Ɛde besi afe 2005 no, akyinnyegye kɛse wɔ hɔ wɔ nkyerɛase a ɛfata a wɔde ma wɔ asɛmfua anhweatam so a nkyerɛase bɛboro 100 a ɛwɔ hɔ wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so wɔ hɔ no ho.<ref>{{Citation |title=The Causes and Progression of Desertification |date=2017-09-08 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315240855/causes-progression-desertification-helmut-geist |work=Taylor & Francis |language=en |doi=10.4324/9781315240855/causes-progression-desertification-helmut-geist |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Eyinom mu nea wogye toom kɛse ne Princeton Sukuupɔn Nsɛm asekyerɛ nhoma a ɛkyerɛkyerɛɛ mu sɛ "ɔkwan a asase a ɛsow aba dan sare so mpɛn pii esiane kwae a wotutu, ɔpɛ anaa kuayɛ a ɛmfata/ɛmfata nti".<ref>{{Citation |title=Enable JavaScript to use search |url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=IZw6aoG7CpXU5NoP5Ye5CA |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Saa nkyerɛaseɛ yi daa abusuabɔ a ɛda anhweatam so ne nnipa dwumadiɛ ntam adi pefee, titire no asase a wɔde di dwuma ne asase sohwɛ ho adeyɛ. Ɛsan nso sii sikasɛm, asetra ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a anhweatam a ɛdannan de ba no so dua. Nanso, wɔapow mfitiase ntease yi a ɛne sɛ anhweatam a wɔbɛdan no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔtrɛw anhweatam ahorow mu ankasa bere a adwene no akɔ so ayɛ kɛse fi saa bere no<ref>{{Citation |title=Desertification {{!}} Description, Causes, & Impacts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/desertification |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Akyinnyegye bi nso wɔ hɔ a ɛfa anhweatam ahorow a wɔkyekyɛ mu nketewa ho, a nea ɛka ho ne, nsɛmfua te sɛ "anhweatam a nnipa ayɛ" ne "anhweatam a ɛnyɛ nhwɛsode" no mudi mu kura ne mfaso a ɛwɔ so<ref>{{Citation |last=Helmut J. Geist, Eric F. Lambin |title=Dynamic Causal Patterns of Desertification |date=2004 |url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/54/9/817-829/252974 |work=BioScience |volume=54 |issue=9 |pages=817 |language=en |doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0817:DCPOD]2.0.CO;2 |issn=0006-3568 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> == '''<u>Nea ɛde ba</u>''' == '''Nneɛma a ɛde ba ntɛm ara''' Nea ɛde anhweatam no ba ntɛm ara ne afifide dodow no ara a wɔhwere. Nneɛma ahorow bi na ɛde eyi ba, ɛno nkutoo anaasɛ wɔaka abom, te sɛ ɔpɛ, wim nsakrae, afuw a wɔyɛ de yɛ kua, adidibea a wodi boro so ne kwae a wotutu de yɛ pɛtro anaa adansi nneɛma.Ɛwom sɛ afifide di dwuma titiriw wɔ abɔde a nkwa wom a ɛwɔ asase no mu a wɔkyerɛ mu de, nanso nhwehwɛmu ahorow ada no adi sɛ, wɔ mmeae pii no, nsu a ɛtɔ ne nsu a ɛsen no so tew kɛse bere a afifide kata so kɛse no<ref>{{Citation |last=N. A. Geeson, C. J. Brandt, J. B. Thornes |title=Mediterranean Desertification: A Mosaic of Processes and Responses |date=2003-04-11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G_0qg0f49GQC&pg=PA58 |publisher=Wiley |language=en |isbn=978-0-470-85686-4 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Asase a ɛso yɛ kusuu a wɔmmɔ ho ban no ne mframa bɔ anaasɛ nsuyiri a ɛba ntɛmntɛm hohoro no, na ɛma asase a ɛwɔ fam a ɛsow aba a ɛtow wɔ owia mu na ɛbɛyɛ kyɛnsee a ɛyɛ den a ɛnsow aba.<ref>{{Citation |title=Measurement of the scarcity of soil in agriculture |date=2003-09-01 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301420704000340 |work=Resources Policy |volume=29 |issue=3-4 |language=en |doi=10.1016/j.re |issn=0301-4207 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> '''Nkɛntɛnso a nnipa dwumadi ahorow nya''' Nhwehwɛmu ahorow a edi kan no kyerɛe sɛ nneɛma a ɛtaa ma anhweatam dan no mu biako ne adidibea a wodi boro so, afifide a anantwi ne mmoa afoforo di boro so.<ref>{{Citation |last=J. G. Charney |title=Dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel |date=1975 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/qj.49710142802 |work=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |volume=101 |issue=428 |pages=193–202 |language=en |doi=10.1002/qj.49710142802 |issn=1477-870X |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Nanso, dwuma a mpɔtam hɔfo a wɔde di dwuma boro so di wɔ anhweatam a wɔde mae wɔ nnansa yi bere a atwam no mu no yɛ nea akyinnyegye wom.<ref>{{Citation |title=The End of Desertification?: Disputing Environmental Change in the Drylands |date=2016 |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-16014-1 |editor-last=Roy Behnke, Michael Mortimore |series=Springer Earth System Sciences |place=Berlin, Heidelberg |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-16014-1 |isbn=978-3-642-16013-4 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Mprempren wosusuw sɛ ɔpɛ a ɛba wɔ Sahel mantam mu no fi osutɔ a ɛsakra wɔ mmere horow mu a ɛpo ani hyew a ɛsakra kɛse na ɛde ba titiriw, a nea ɛde ba titiriw ne abɔde mu nsakrae ne aerosols (sulphate nneɛma nketenkete a ɛdannan) ne mframa a ɛma wim yɛ hyew a nnipa de ba.<ref>{{Citation |last=Michela Biasutti |title=Rainfall trends in the African Sahel: Characteristics, processes, and causes |date=2019 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6617823/ |work=Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Climate Change |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=e591 |doi=10.1002/wcc.591 |issn=1757-7780 |pmc=6617823 |pmid=31341517 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Ne saa nti, po mu hyew a ɛresakra ne sulfate a wɔtow gu no so tew no ama ɔmantam no asan ayɛ ahabammono bio.<ref>{{Citation |last=Michela Biasutti |title=Rainfall trends in the African Sahel: Characteristics, processes, and causes |date=2019 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6617823/ |work=Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Climate Change |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=e591 |doi=10.1002/wcc.591 |issn=1757-7780 |pmc=6617823 |pmid=31341517 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref>Eyi ama nhomanimfo binom aka sɛ afifide a ɛyera esiane kuayɛ nti no yɛ ade ketewaa bi a ɛma anhweatam yɛ sare<ref>{{Citation |title=Digital object identifier |date=2026-06-20 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&oldid=1360223355 |work=Wikipedia |language=en |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Nnipa dodow a ɛkɔ soro no nya nkɛntɛnso kɛse wɔ adidibea a wodi boro so, kuayɛ a ɛboro so ne kwae a wotutu so, efisɛ akwan a kan no na wogye tom no abɛyɛ nea entumi nkɔ so.<ref>{{Citation |last=Epule, Terence Epule; Peng, Changhui; Lepage, Laurent (February 2015). |title=Environmental refugees in sub-Saharan Africa: a review of perspectives on the trends, causes, challenges and way forward". |date=GeoJournal. 80 (1): 79–92 |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GeoJo..80...79E |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Nteaseɛ ahodoɔ bi nti akuafoɔ de kuayɛ a emu yɛ den di dwuma a ɛne kuayɛ kɛseɛ bɔ abira nanso adeɛ titire nti ne sɛ wɔbɛma nnɔbaeɛ ayɛ kɛseɛ.<ref>{{Citation |last=thomas harrisson |title=Explainer: Desertification and the role of climate change |date=2019-08-06 |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-desertification-and-the-role-of-climate-change/ |language=en |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Ɛdenam nnɔbae a wɔma ɛkɔ soro so no, wohia nnuru a wɔde yɛ nnɔbae, nnuru a wɔde kum mmoawa, ne adwumayɛfo pii na ama wɔatumi ahwɛ mfiri so. Asase no a wɔde di dwuma bere nyinaa yi ma asase no mu aduannuru sa ntɛmntɛm na ɛma anhweatam trɛw<ref>{{Citation |last=United Nations |title=World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought |url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/desertification-day |language=en |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Intensive agriculture {{!}} Organic Farming, Crop Rotation & Soil Management {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/intensive-agriculture |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> '''Abɔde mu nsakrae ahorow''' Nyansahufo gye tom sɛ anhweatam bi a ɛwɔ beae a Sahara anhweatam no wɔ mprempren no fi abɔde mu nsakrae a ɛba owia hann mu esiane Asase no anim a ɛtwa ho hyia nti.<ref>{{Citation |last=Jessica E. Tierney, Francesco S. R. Pausata, Peter B. deMenocal |title=Rainfall regimes of the Green Sahara |date=2017-01 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5242556/ |work=Science Advances |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=e1601503 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.1601503 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=5242556 |pmid=28116352 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Nsonsonoe a ɛte saa no nya Afrika Atɔe Fam Osutɔbere no ahoɔden so nkɛntɛnso, na ɛma wonya nsɛm a efi afifide ne mfutuma a wɔtow gu mu a ɛma Sahara wim tebea a ɛyɛ nsu na ɛyɛ kusuu no kyinhyia no yɛ kɛse.<ref>{{Citation |last=Francesco S. R. Pausata, Gabriele Messori, Qiong Zhang |title=Impacts of dust reduction on the northward expansion of the African monsoon during the Green Sahara period |date=2016-01-15 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X15007530 |work=Earth and Planetary Science Letters |volume=434 |pages=298–307 |doi=10.1016/j.epsl.2015.11.049 |issn=0012-821X |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Nyansahyɛ bi nso wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nsakrae a ɛbaa Sahara fi savanna so kɔɔ sare so wɔ Holocene mfinimfini no fã bi fi anantwi a ɛhɔfo no didi boro so.<ref>{{Citation |last=David K. Wright |title=Humans as Agents in the Termination of the African Humid Period |date=2017-01-26 |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2017.00004/full |work=Frontiers in Earth Science |volume=5 |language=English |doi=10.3389/feart.2017.00004 |issn=2296-6463 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Nyansahufo akɔ so ayɛ mmeae a ɛho hia ho nhwehwɛmu, na wɔasi so dua sɛ nnipa dwumadi ne asase mu akwahosan ka wim tebea ho nneɛma ho sɛ nneɛma atitiriw a ɛma anhweatam no yɛ kɛse.Wɔ Mu Us Anhweatam so no, asase akwahosan yɛ anhweatam a ɛkɔ so no mu 37% bere a wim tebea ne nnipa dwumadi yɛ adwuma de siw saa adeyɛ yi ano 46% ne 17%. Mongolia mfimfini anhweatam no yɛ nea wim tebea a ɛboa 24% ne asase so mfaso 34.7% wɔ saa nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia yi nyinaa mu. Shaanxi yɛ nhwɛsoɔ a ɛne no bɔ abira a wim tebea yɛ adwuma tia anhweatam a ɛyɛ adwuma na asase ma ɛyɛ kɛseɛ, na ɛkyerɛ nkɛntɛnsoɔ ahodoɔ a abɔdeɛ mu nneɛma nya wɔ mpɔtam hɔ nyinaa.<ref>{{Citation |last=Jiaying Li, Yu Li, Xuhui Wang, Zhongxu Ma |title=Exploring the Spatial-Temporal Patterns, Drivers, and Response Strategies of Desertification in the Mu Us Desert from Multiple Regional Perspectives |date=2024-10-22 |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/21/9154 |work=Sustainability |volume=16 |issue=21 |pages=9154 |language=en |doi=10.3390/su16219154 |issn=2071-1050 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> '''Wim nsakrae''' Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ anhweatam so no yɛ nea ɛyɛ den, na metric biako biara nni hɔ a ebetumi akyerɛkyerɛ afã horow nyinaa mu. Nanso, wɔda so ara hwɛ kwan sɛ wim nsakrae a emu yɛ den kɛse bɛma asase a ɛso yɛ kusuu a ɛwɔ Asase nsasepɔn so mprempren no ayɛ kɛse:efi 38% wɔ afeha a ɛtɔ so aduonu awieeɛ kɔsi 50% anaa 56% wɔ afeha no awieeɛ, wɔ "ɛyɛ mmerɛ" na ɛyɛ hyew kɛseɛ Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 ne 8.5 ase. Wobehu ntrɛwmu no fã kɛse no ara wɔ mmeae te sɛ “Amerika Atifi fam kesee fam atɔe, Afrika atifi fam ano, Afrika kesee fam, ne Australia.”<ref>{{Citation |last=thomas harrisson |title=Explainer: Desertification and the role of climate change |date=2019-08-06 |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-desertification-and-the-role-of-climate-change/ |language=en |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Asase a ɛso yɛ kusuu kata asase so 41% na ɛka wiase nyinaa kuayɛ asase 45% ho.<ref>{{Citation |last=A. L. Burrell, J. P. Evans, M. G. De Kauwe |title=Anthropogenic climate change has driven over 5 million km2 of drylands towards desertification |date=2020-07-31 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7395722/ |work=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=3853 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17710-7 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7395722 |pmid=32737311 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Saa mmeae yi ka abɔde a nkwa wom a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse wɔ wim tebea ne asase a wɔde di dwuma mu nsakrae a nnipa de ba no ho na ɛwɔ asiane mu sɛ anhweatam bɛdan wɔn. Wɔyɛɛ nhwehwɛmu a egyina nhwɛsoɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea anhweatam so yɛ adwuma wɔ afe 2020 mu a ɛkyerɛɛ wim nsakraeɛ, wim nsakraeɛ, CO2 a wɔde yɛ nnɔbaeɛ ne afei nso abɔdeɛ a nkwa wom nsakraeɛ a ɛba nkakrankakra ne ntɛmntɛm a ɛnam asase a wɔde di dwuma so ba.<ref>{{Citation |last=A. L. Burrell, J. P. Evans, M. G. De Kauwe |title=Anthropogenic climate change has driven over 5 million km2 of drylands towards desertification |date=2020-07-31 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7395722/ |work=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=3853 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17710-7 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7395722 |pmid=32737311 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Nhwehwɛmu no hunuu sɛ, wɔ afe 1982 ne 2015 ntam no, wiase asase a ɛso yɛ kusuu no mu 6% yɛɛ anhweatam a ɛnam asase a wɔde di dwuma a ɛnkɔ so daa a wim nsakraeɛ a nnipa de baeɛ nti. Ɛmfa ho sɛ sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wiase nyinaa ayɛ ahabammono no, wim nsakrae a nnipa de ba no asɛe asase a ɛso yɛ kusuu 12.6% (5.43 ɔpepem km2), na ɛde anhweatam ayɛ na ɛka nnipa ɔpepem 213, a wɔn mu 93% te aman a afei na wɔrenya nkɔso mu.<ref>{{Citation |last=A. L. Burrell, J. P. Evans, M. G. De Kauwe |title=Anthropogenic climate change has driven over 5 million km2 of drylands towards desertification |date=2020-07-31 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7395722/ |work=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=3853 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17710-7 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7395722 |pmid=32737311 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> '''Kuadwuma ne kuayɛ dwumadi ahorow''' Kuadwuma mu dwumadi te sɛ mmoa a wodi boro so ma anhweatam yɛ sare. Wɔ saa kuayɛ adwuma yi mu no, wɔma mmoa te sɛ anantwinini ne anantwinini kwan ma wodi asase bi so bere tenten a wondua sare mfa nsi ananmu. Esiane eyi nti, asase no da mpan, ɛda ɔhyew a efi owia mu a ɛma ɛyɛ den, mframa a ano yɛ den a ɛma asase no nso hwere n’aduannuru.<ref>{{Citation |title=Science |url=https://www.science.org/action/cookieAbsent |language=en |doi=10.1126/science.186.4163.531 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Kuadwuma a ɛboro so ne Monocropping yɛ kuayɛ dwumadi afoforo a ɛma anhweatam dan wɔ Afrika. Sɛ wodua nnɔbae koro no ara mpɛn pii wɔ asase koro so a, ɛma aduannuru a ɛho hia a ɛwɔ asase no so no fi hɔ. Sɛ asase no sa a, ɛhwere nneɛma a ɛwɔ mu ne tumi a ɛtumi kura nsuo mu, na ɛma asase no yɛ den na ɛpaapae.<ref>{{Citation |title=Desertification, its Causes and why it Matters |date=2012-02-21 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119977759.ch1 |pages=3–39 |language=en |doi=10.1002/9781119977759.ch1 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> '''<u>Nkɛntɛnso a efi mu ba</u>''' '''Anhwea ne mfutuma ahum''' Mfutuma a wɔtow gu wiase nyinaa afe biara no anya nkɔanim 25% wɔ afeha a ɛto so dunkron awiei kosi nnɛ ntam.<ref>{{Citation |last=Tanja Stanelle, Isabelle Bey, Thomas Raddatz, Christian Reick, Ina Tegen |title=Anthropogenically induced changes in twentieth century mineral dust burden and the associated impact on radiative forcing |date=2014 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2014JD022062 |work=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |volume=119 |issue=23 |pages=13,526–13,546 |language=en |doi=10.1002/2014JD022062 |issn=2169-8996 |access-date=2026-06-24}}</ref> Anhweatam a ɛreyɛ kɛse no nso ama anhwea ne mfutuma a ayɛ mmerɛw a mframa no betumi agye a awiei koraa no ɛde ahum aba no akɔ soro. Sɛ nhwɛso no, mfutuma ahum a ɛtu wɔ Mfinimfini Apuei “reyɛ nea ɛtaa ba na emu yɛ den wɔ nnansa yi mfe mu” efisɛ “osu a ɛtɔ bere tenten a ɛso tew [ma] asase mu nsu ne afifide a ɛkata so no so tew.”<ref>{{Citation |last=Soodabeh Namdari, Neamat Karimi, Armin Sorooshian, GholamHasan Mohammadi, Saviz Sehatkashani |title=Impacts of climate and synoptic fluctuations on dust storm activity over the Middle East |date=2018-01 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6192056/ |work=Atmospheric Environment (Oxford, England: 1994) |volume=173 |pages=265–276 |doi=10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.016 |issn=1352-2310 |pmc=6192056 |pmid=30344444 |access-date=2026-06-24}}</ref> Mfutuma ahum betumi ama obi anya ɔhome mu haw ahorow bi te sɛ ahurututu mu yare, honam ani yare, ayamtu ne nea ɛkeka ho pii.<ref>{{Citation |title=Desert dust and human health disorders |date=2014-02-01 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160412013002262 |work=Environment International |volume=63 |pages=101–113 |language=en-US |doi=10.1016/j.envint.2013.10.011 |issn=0160-4120 |access-date=2026-06-24}}</ref> Wobetumi agu nsu a ɛda hɔ ho fĩ, atew mmɔden a wɔbɔ sɛ ahoɔden a ɛho tew no tu mpɔn, na wɔagyae akwantu dodow no ara. Mfutuma ne anhwea ahum betumi anya nkɛntɛnso bɔne wɔ wim tebea so a ebetumi ama sare so asɛe kɛse.<ref>{{Citation |last=Tiantian Hu, Di Wu, Yaohui Li, Chenghai Wang |title=The Effects of Sandstorms on the Climate of Northwestern China |date=2017 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1155/2017/4035609 |work=Advances in Meteorology |volume=2017 |issue=1 |pages=4035609 |language=en |doi=10.1155/2017/4035609 |issn=1687-9317 |access-date=2026-06-24}}</ref> Mfutuma nketenkete a ɛwɔ mframa mu no pete mframa a ɛba fi owia mu ba (Hassan, 2012). Mfutuma no betumi ama asase so hyew akata so bere tiaa bi nanso wim hyew bɛkɔ soro. qkymawly764o4loi84797ob8cd4wuo6 200278 200277 2026-06-28T10:51:21Z MABRIZA 21835 translation and citation 200278 wikitext text/x-wiki Anhweatam a ɛyɛ asase a ɛyɛ asase a ɛsow aba no sɛe nkakrankakra ma ɛbɛyɛ anhweatam a ɛso yɛ kusuu esiane abɔde mu nneɛma ne nnipa dwumadi ahorow a wɔaka abom nti. Nea ɛde anhweatam no ba ntɛm ara ne afifide dodow no ara a wɔhwere. Nneɛma ahorow bi na ɛde eyi ba, ɛno nkutoo anaasɛ wɔaka abom, te sɛ ɔpɛ, wim nsakrae, afuw a wɔyɛ de yɛ kua, adidibea a wodi boro so ne kwae a wotutu de yɛ pɛtro anaa adansi nneɛma. Ɛwom sɛ afifide di dwuma titiriw wɔ abɔde a nkwa wom a ɛwɔ asase no mu a wɔkyerɛ mu de, nanso nhwehwɛmu ahorow ada no adi sɛ, wɔ mmeae pii no, nsu a ɛtɔ ne nsu a ɛsen no so tew kɛse bere a afifide a ɛkata so no kɔ soro no.<ref>{{Citation |last=N. A. Geeson, C. J. Brandt, J. B. Thornes |title=Mediterranean Desertification: A Mosaic of Processes and Responses |date=2003-04-11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G_0qg0f49GQC&pg=PA58 |publisher=Wiley |language=en |isbn=978-0-470-85686-4 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Asase a ɛso yɛ kusuu a wɔmmɔ ho ban no ne mframa bɔ anaasɛ nsuyiri a ɛba ntɛmntɛm hohoro no, na ɛma asase a ɛwɔ fam a ɛsow aba a ɛtow wɔ owia mu na ɛbɛyɛ kyɛnsee a ɛyɛ den a ɛnsow aba<ref>{{Citation |title=Sustainable development of drylands and combating desertification |url=https://www.fao.org/4/v0265e/v0265e01.htm |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Ning Zeng, Jinho Yoon |title=Expansion of the world's deserts due to vegetation-albedo feedback under global warming |date=2009 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2009GL039699 |work=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=36 |issue=17 |language=en |doi=10.1029/2009GL039699 |issn=1944-8007 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Anyɛ yiye koraa no, nnipa a wɔte asase kesee so no mu 90% te aman a afei na wɔrenya nkɔso mu, baabi a sikasɛm ne asetra mu tebea horow a enye nso hu amane.<ref>{{Citation |title=2010–2020: UN Decade for Deserts and the Fight against Desertification |url=https://www.un.org/en/events/desertification_decade/index.shtml |language=EN |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Saa tebea yi mu yɛ den esiane asase a wɔsɛe no nti esiane nnɔbae a ɛso tew, asetra mu tebea a ɛyɛ hu ne sɛnea ɛyɛ den sɛ wobenya nneɛma ne hokwan ahorow nti.<ref>{{Citation |title=Desertification |date=2026-06-22 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Desertification&oldid=1360607973 |work=Wikipedia |language=en |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Asasesin a ɛka wɔn kɛse no wɔ Afrika (Sahel mantam), Asia (Gobi Anhweatam ne Mongolia) ne Amerika Kesee Fam mmeae bi. Asase a ɛso yɛ kusuu no gye Asase asase no bɛyɛ 40–41% na nnipa bɛboro ɔpepepem 2 na wɔte hɔ.<ref>{{Citation |title=Pollution-free Planet – UN Environment Management Group |url=https://unemg.org/pollution-free-planet/ |language=en-US |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Nea ɛka anhweatam a ɛdannan no bi ne anhwea ne mfutuma ahum, aduan a wonnya, ne ohia<ref>{{Citation |last=Keegan Carvalho |title=What Is Desertification? Causes, Effects, And Solutions |date=2024-12-03 |url=https://earth.org/what-is-desertification/ |language=en |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Akwan a wɔfa so brɛ anhweatam ase anaasɛ wɔdan no bi ne asase no yiyedi a wɔbɛma atu mpɔn, anhweatam so ayɛ frɔmfrɔm, adidibea a wɔhwɛ so, ne nnua a wodua (kwae a wɔbɛsan asiesie ne kwae a wɔbɛdua)<ref>{{Citation |last=GREEN EARTH GROUP N.V |title=Green Earth {{!}} How to combat desertification |url=https://www.green.earth/desertification |language=en |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Wɔ asase ho abakɔsɛm nyinaa mu no, anhweatam so nkɔso aba wɔ abɔde mu wɔ bere tenten mu<ref>{{Citation |title=Desertification |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/deserts/desertification/ |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> == '''Nkyerɛase''' '''Ahorow''' == Anhweatam a ɛdannan yɛ ade a ɛkɔ so nkakrankakra a ɛma asase no yɛ kusuu kɛse. Wɔakyerɛkyerɛ anhweatam mu wɔ Amanaman Nkabom Apam a Ɛko Tia Anhweatam (UNCCD) no mu sɛ "asase a wɔsɛe no wɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ kusuu, ɛhɔ yɛ kusuu fã na ɛhɔ yɛ kusuu a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini a efi nneɛma ahorow mu, a wim nsakrae ne nnipa dwumadi ka ho."<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/action/cookieAbsent |doi=10.1080/00139157.1993.9929106 |access-date=2026-06-23|last=Hulme, Mike; Kelly, Mick (1993)|title=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00139157.1993.9929106|date=Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development. 35 (6): 4–45.}}</ref> Anhweatam ho nkyerɛaseɛ – Saa asase no so beaeɛ a osuo ne sukyerɛmma a ɛtɔ nyinaa sua koraa sene mmeaeɛ foforɔ, baabi a afe biara osuo a ɛtɔ nnu 25CM. Nkyerɛaseɛ a UNO (1995) de maeɛ – Wɔfrɛ asase a ɛsɛe wɔ mmeaeɛ a ɛso yɛ kwa, nsuo a ɛyɛ nwini ne nsuo a ɛnyɛ nwini ɛnam wim nsakraeɛ ne nnipa dwumadiɛ nti, wɔfrɛ no anhweatam<ref>{{Citation |title=Desert |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/desert |language=en |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Ɛde besi afe 2005 no, akyinnyegye kɛse wɔ hɔ wɔ nkyerɛase a ɛfata a wɔde ma wɔ asɛmfua anhweatam so a nkyerɛase bɛboro 100 a ɛwɔ hɔ wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so wɔ hɔ no ho.<ref>{{Citation |title=The Causes and Progression of Desertification |date=2017-09-08 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315240855/causes-progression-desertification-helmut-geist |work=Taylor & Francis |language=en |doi=10.4324/9781315240855/causes-progression-desertification-helmut-geist |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Eyinom mu nea wogye toom kɛse ne Princeton Sukuupɔn Nsɛm asekyerɛ nhoma a ɛkyerɛkyerɛɛ mu sɛ "ɔkwan a asase a ɛsow aba dan sare so mpɛn pii esiane kwae a wotutu, ɔpɛ anaa kuayɛ a ɛmfata/ɛmfata nti".<ref>{{Citation |title=Enable JavaScript to use search |url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=IZw6aoG7CpXU5NoP5Ye5CA |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Saa nkyerɛaseɛ yi daa abusuabɔ a ɛda anhweatam so ne nnipa dwumadiɛ ntam adi pefee, titire no asase a wɔde di dwuma ne asase sohwɛ ho adeyɛ. Ɛsan nso sii sikasɛm, asetra ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a anhweatam a ɛdannan de ba no so dua. Nanso, wɔapow mfitiase ntease yi a ɛne sɛ anhweatam a wɔbɛdan no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔtrɛw anhweatam ahorow mu ankasa bere a adwene no akɔ so ayɛ kɛse fi saa bere no<ref>{{Citation |title=Desertification {{!}} Description, Causes, & Impacts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/desertification |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Akyinnyegye bi nso wɔ hɔ a ɛfa anhweatam ahorow a wɔkyekyɛ mu nketewa ho, a nea ɛka ho ne, nsɛmfua te sɛ "anhweatam a nnipa ayɛ" ne "anhweatam a ɛnyɛ nhwɛsode" no mudi mu kura ne mfaso a ɛwɔ so<ref>{{Citation |last=Helmut J. Geist, Eric F. Lambin |title=Dynamic Causal Patterns of Desertification |date=2004 |url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/54/9/817-829/252974 |work=BioScience |volume=54 |issue=9 |pages=817 |language=en |doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0817:DCPOD]2.0.CO;2 |issn=0006-3568 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> == '''<u>Nea ɛde ba</u>''' == '''Nneɛma a ɛde ba ntɛm ara''' Nea ɛde anhweatam no ba ntɛm ara ne afifide dodow no ara a wɔhwere. Nneɛma ahorow bi na ɛde eyi ba, ɛno nkutoo anaasɛ wɔaka abom, te sɛ ɔpɛ, wim nsakrae, afuw a wɔyɛ de yɛ kua, adidibea a wodi boro so ne kwae a wotutu de yɛ pɛtro anaa adansi nneɛma.Ɛwom sɛ afifide di dwuma titiriw wɔ abɔde a nkwa wom a ɛwɔ asase no mu a wɔkyerɛ mu de, nanso nhwehwɛmu ahorow ada no adi sɛ, wɔ mmeae pii no, nsu a ɛtɔ ne nsu a ɛsen no so tew kɛse bere a afifide kata so kɛse no<ref>{{Citation |last=N. A. Geeson, C. J. Brandt, J. B. Thornes |title=Mediterranean Desertification: A Mosaic of Processes and Responses |date=2003-04-11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G_0qg0f49GQC&pg=PA58 |publisher=Wiley |language=en |isbn=978-0-470-85686-4 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Asase a ɛso yɛ kusuu a wɔmmɔ ho ban no ne mframa bɔ anaasɛ nsuyiri a ɛba ntɛmntɛm hohoro no, na ɛma asase a ɛwɔ fam a ɛsow aba a ɛtow wɔ owia mu na ɛbɛyɛ kyɛnsee a ɛyɛ den a ɛnsow aba.<ref>{{Citation |title=Measurement of the scarcity of soil in agriculture |date=2003-09-01 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301420704000340 |work=Resources Policy |volume=29 |issue=3-4 |language=en |doi=10.1016/j.re |issn=0301-4207 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> '''Nkɛntɛnso a nnipa dwumadi ahorow nya''' Nhwehwɛmu ahorow a edi kan no kyerɛe sɛ nneɛma a ɛtaa ma anhweatam dan no mu biako ne adidibea a wodi boro so, afifide a anantwi ne mmoa afoforo di boro so.<ref>{{Citation |last=J. G. Charney |title=Dynamics of deserts and drought in the Sahel |date=1975 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/qj.49710142802 |work=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |volume=101 |issue=428 |pages=193–202 |language=en |doi=10.1002/qj.49710142802 |issn=1477-870X |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Nanso, dwuma a mpɔtam hɔfo a wɔde di dwuma boro so di wɔ anhweatam a wɔde mae wɔ nnansa yi bere a atwam no mu no yɛ nea akyinnyegye wom.<ref>{{Citation |title=The End of Desertification?: Disputing Environmental Change in the Drylands |date=2016 |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-16014-1 |editor-last=Roy Behnke, Michael Mortimore |series=Springer Earth System Sciences |place=Berlin, Heidelberg |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-16014-1 |isbn=978-3-642-16013-4 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Mprempren wosusuw sɛ ɔpɛ a ɛba wɔ Sahel mantam mu no fi osutɔ a ɛsakra wɔ mmere horow mu a ɛpo ani hyew a ɛsakra kɛse na ɛde ba titiriw, a nea ɛde ba titiriw ne abɔde mu nsakrae ne aerosols (sulphate nneɛma nketenkete a ɛdannan) ne mframa a ɛma wim yɛ hyew a nnipa de ba.<ref>{{Citation |last=Michela Biasutti |title=Rainfall trends in the African Sahel: Characteristics, processes, and causes |date=2019 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6617823/ |work=Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Climate Change |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=e591 |doi=10.1002/wcc.591 |issn=1757-7780 |pmc=6617823 |pmid=31341517 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Ne saa nti, po mu hyew a ɛresakra ne sulfate a wɔtow gu no so tew no ama ɔmantam no asan ayɛ ahabammono bio.<ref>{{Citation |last=Michela Biasutti |title=Rainfall trends in the African Sahel: Characteristics, processes, and causes |date=2019 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6617823/ |work=Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Climate Change |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=e591 |doi=10.1002/wcc.591 |issn=1757-7780 |pmc=6617823 |pmid=31341517 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref>Eyi ama nhomanimfo binom aka sɛ afifide a ɛyera esiane kuayɛ nti no yɛ ade ketewaa bi a ɛma anhweatam yɛ sare<ref>{{Citation |title=Digital object identifier |date=2026-06-20 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier&oldid=1360223355 |work=Wikipedia |language=en |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Nnipa dodow a ɛkɔ soro no nya nkɛntɛnso kɛse wɔ adidibea a wodi boro so, kuayɛ a ɛboro so ne kwae a wotutu so, efisɛ akwan a kan no na wogye tom no abɛyɛ nea entumi nkɔ so.<ref>{{Citation |last=Epule, Terence Epule; Peng, Changhui; Lepage, Laurent (February 2015). |title=Environmental refugees in sub-Saharan Africa: a review of perspectives on the trends, causes, challenges and way forward". |date=GeoJournal. 80 (1): 79–92 |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015GeoJo..80...79E |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Nteaseɛ ahodoɔ bi nti akuafoɔ de kuayɛ a emu yɛ den di dwuma a ɛne kuayɛ kɛseɛ bɔ abira nanso adeɛ titire nti ne sɛ wɔbɛma nnɔbaeɛ ayɛ kɛseɛ.<ref>{{Citation |last=thomas harrisson |title=Explainer: Desertification and the role of climate change |date=2019-08-06 |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-desertification-and-the-role-of-climate-change/ |language=en |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Ɛdenam nnɔbae a wɔma ɛkɔ soro so no, wohia nnuru a wɔde yɛ nnɔbae, nnuru a wɔde kum mmoawa, ne adwumayɛfo pii na ama wɔatumi ahwɛ mfiri so. Asase no a wɔde di dwuma bere nyinaa yi ma asase no mu aduannuru sa ntɛmntɛm na ɛma anhweatam trɛw<ref>{{Citation |last=United Nations |title=World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought |url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/desertification-day |language=en |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Intensive agriculture {{!}} Organic Farming, Crop Rotation & Soil Management {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/intensive-agriculture |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> '''Abɔde mu nsakrae ahorow''' Nyansahufo gye tom sɛ anhweatam bi a ɛwɔ beae a Sahara anhweatam no wɔ mprempren no fi abɔde mu nsakrae a ɛba owia hann mu esiane Asase no anim a ɛtwa ho hyia nti.<ref>{{Citation |last=Jessica E. Tierney, Francesco S. R. Pausata, Peter B. deMenocal |title=Rainfall regimes of the Green Sahara |date=2017-01 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5242556/ |work=Science Advances |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=e1601503 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.1601503 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=5242556 |pmid=28116352 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Nsonsonoe a ɛte saa no nya Afrika Atɔe Fam Osutɔbere no ahoɔden so nkɛntɛnso, na ɛma wonya nsɛm a efi afifide ne mfutuma a wɔtow gu mu a ɛma Sahara wim tebea a ɛyɛ nsu na ɛyɛ kusuu no kyinhyia no yɛ kɛse.<ref>{{Citation |last=Francesco S. R. Pausata, Gabriele Messori, Qiong Zhang |title=Impacts of dust reduction on the northward expansion of the African monsoon during the Green Sahara period |date=2016-01-15 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X15007530 |work=Earth and Planetary Science Letters |volume=434 |pages=298–307 |doi=10.1016/j.epsl.2015.11.049 |issn=0012-821X |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Nyansahyɛ bi nso wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nsakrae a ɛbaa Sahara fi savanna so kɔɔ sare so wɔ Holocene mfinimfini no fã bi fi anantwi a ɛhɔfo no didi boro so.<ref>{{Citation |last=David K. Wright |title=Humans as Agents in the Termination of the African Humid Period |date=2017-01-26 |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science/articles/10.3389/feart.2017.00004/full |work=Frontiers in Earth Science |volume=5 |language=English |doi=10.3389/feart.2017.00004 |issn=2296-6463 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Nyansahufo akɔ so ayɛ mmeae a ɛho hia ho nhwehwɛmu, na wɔasi so dua sɛ nnipa dwumadi ne asase mu akwahosan ka wim tebea ho nneɛma ho sɛ nneɛma atitiriw a ɛma anhweatam no yɛ kɛse.Wɔ Mu Us Anhweatam so no, asase akwahosan yɛ anhweatam a ɛkɔ so no mu 37% bere a wim tebea ne nnipa dwumadi yɛ adwuma de siw saa adeyɛ yi ano 46% ne 17%. Mongolia mfimfini anhweatam no yɛ nea wim tebea a ɛboa 24% ne asase so mfaso 34.7% wɔ saa nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia yi nyinaa mu. Shaanxi yɛ nhwɛsoɔ a ɛne no bɔ abira a wim tebea yɛ adwuma tia anhweatam a ɛyɛ adwuma na asase ma ɛyɛ kɛseɛ, na ɛkyerɛ nkɛntɛnsoɔ ahodoɔ a abɔdeɛ mu nneɛma nya wɔ mpɔtam hɔ nyinaa.<ref>{{Citation |last=Jiaying Li, Yu Li, Xuhui Wang, Zhongxu Ma |title=Exploring the Spatial-Temporal Patterns, Drivers, and Response Strategies of Desertification in the Mu Us Desert from Multiple Regional Perspectives |date=2024-10-22 |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/21/9154 |work=Sustainability |volume=16 |issue=21 |pages=9154 |language=en |doi=10.3390/su16219154 |issn=2071-1050 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> '''Wim nsakrae''' Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ anhweatam so no yɛ nea ɛyɛ den, na metric biako biara nni hɔ a ebetumi akyerɛkyerɛ afã horow nyinaa mu. Nanso, wɔda so ara hwɛ kwan sɛ wim nsakrae a emu yɛ den kɛse bɛma asase a ɛso yɛ kusuu a ɛwɔ Asase nsasepɔn so mprempren no ayɛ kɛse:efi 38% wɔ afeha a ɛtɔ so aduonu awieeɛ kɔsi 50% anaa 56% wɔ afeha no awieeɛ, wɔ "ɛyɛ mmerɛ" na ɛyɛ hyew kɛseɛ Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 ne 8.5 ase. Wobehu ntrɛwmu no fã kɛse no ara wɔ mmeae te sɛ “Amerika Atifi fam kesee fam atɔe, Afrika atifi fam ano, Afrika kesee fam, ne Australia.”<ref>{{Citation |last=thomas harrisson |title=Explainer: Desertification and the role of climate change |date=2019-08-06 |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-desertification-and-the-role-of-climate-change/ |language=en |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Asase a ɛso yɛ kusuu kata asase so 41% na ɛka wiase nyinaa kuayɛ asase 45% ho.<ref>{{Citation |last=A. L. Burrell, J. P. Evans, M. G. De Kauwe |title=Anthropogenic climate change has driven over 5 million km2 of drylands towards desertification |date=2020-07-31 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7395722/ |work=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=3853 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17710-7 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7395722 |pmid=32737311 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Saa mmeae yi ka abɔde a nkwa wom a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse wɔ wim tebea ne asase a wɔde di dwuma mu nsakrae a nnipa de ba no ho na ɛwɔ asiane mu sɛ anhweatam bɛdan wɔn. Wɔyɛɛ nhwehwɛmu a egyina nhwɛsoɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea anhweatam so yɛ adwuma wɔ afe 2020 mu a ɛkyerɛɛ wim nsakraeɛ, wim nsakraeɛ, CO2 a wɔde yɛ nnɔbaeɛ ne afei nso abɔdeɛ a nkwa wom nsakraeɛ a ɛba nkakrankakra ne ntɛmntɛm a ɛnam asase a wɔde di dwuma so ba.<ref>{{Citation |last=A. L. Burrell, J. P. Evans, M. G. De Kauwe |title=Anthropogenic climate change has driven over 5 million km2 of drylands towards desertification |date=2020-07-31 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7395722/ |work=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=3853 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17710-7 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7395722 |pmid=32737311 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Nhwehwɛmu no hunuu sɛ, wɔ afe 1982 ne 2015 ntam no, wiase asase a ɛso yɛ kusuu no mu 6% yɛɛ anhweatam a ɛnam asase a wɔde di dwuma a ɛnkɔ so daa a wim nsakraeɛ a nnipa de baeɛ nti. Ɛmfa ho sɛ sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wiase nyinaa ayɛ ahabammono no, wim nsakrae a nnipa de ba no asɛe asase a ɛso yɛ kusuu 12.6% (5.43 ɔpepem km2), na ɛde anhweatam ayɛ na ɛka nnipa ɔpepem 213, a wɔn mu 93% te aman a afei na wɔrenya nkɔso mu.<ref>{{Citation |last=A. L. Burrell, J. P. Evans, M. G. De Kauwe |title=Anthropogenic climate change has driven over 5 million km2 of drylands towards desertification |date=2020-07-31 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7395722/ |work=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=3853 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17710-7 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7395722 |pmid=32737311 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> '''Kuadwuma ne kuayɛ dwumadi ahorow''' Kuadwuma mu dwumadi te sɛ mmoa a wodi boro so ma anhweatam yɛ sare. Wɔ saa kuayɛ adwuma yi mu no, wɔma mmoa te sɛ anantwinini ne anantwinini kwan ma wodi asase bi so bere tenten a wondua sare mfa nsi ananmu. Esiane eyi nti, asase no da mpan, ɛda ɔhyew a efi owia mu a ɛma ɛyɛ den, mframa a ano yɛ den a ɛma asase no nso hwere n’aduannuru.<ref>{{Citation |title=Science |url=https://www.science.org/action/cookieAbsent |language=en |doi=10.1126/science.186.4163.531 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> Kuadwuma a ɛboro so ne Monocropping yɛ kuayɛ dwumadi afoforo a ɛma anhweatam dan wɔ Afrika. Sɛ wodua nnɔbae koro no ara mpɛn pii wɔ asase koro so a, ɛma aduannuru a ɛho hia a ɛwɔ asase no so no fi hɔ. Sɛ asase no sa a, ɛhwere nneɛma a ɛwɔ mu ne tumi a ɛtumi kura nsuo mu, na ɛma asase no yɛ den na ɛpaapae.<ref>{{Citation |title=Desertification, its Causes and why it Matters |date=2012-02-21 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119977759.ch1 |pages=3–39 |language=en |doi=10.1002/9781119977759.ch1 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> '''<u>Nkɛntɛnso a efi mu ba</u>''' '''Anhwea ne mfutuma ahum''' Mfutuma a wɔtow gu wiase nyinaa afe biara no anya nkɔanim 25% wɔ afeha a ɛto so dunkron awiei kosi nnɛ ntam.<ref>{{Citation |last=Tanja Stanelle, Isabelle Bey, Thomas Raddatz, Christian Reick, Ina Tegen |title=Anthropogenically induced changes in twentieth century mineral dust burden and the associated impact on radiative forcing |date=2014 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2014JD022062 |work=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |volume=119 |issue=23 |pages=13,526–13,546 |language=en |doi=10.1002/2014JD022062 |issn=2169-8996 |access-date=2026-06-24}}</ref> Anhweatam a ɛreyɛ kɛse no nso ama anhwea ne mfutuma a ayɛ mmerɛw a mframa no betumi agye a awiei koraa no ɛde ahum aba no akɔ soro. Sɛ nhwɛso no, mfutuma ahum a ɛtu wɔ Mfinimfini Apuei “reyɛ nea ɛtaa ba na emu yɛ den wɔ nnansa yi mfe mu” efisɛ “osu a ɛtɔ bere tenten a ɛso tew [ma] asase mu nsu ne afifide a ɛkata so no so tew.”<ref>{{Citation |last=Soodabeh Namdari, Neamat Karimi, Armin Sorooshian, GholamHasan Mohammadi, Saviz Sehatkashani |title=Impacts of climate and synoptic fluctuations on dust storm activity over the Middle East |date=2018-01 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6192056/ |work=Atmospheric Environment (Oxford, England: 1994) |volume=173 |pages=265–276 |doi=10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.016 |issn=1352-2310 |pmc=6192056 |pmid=30344444 |access-date=2026-06-24}}</ref> Mfutuma ahum betumi ama obi anya ɔhome mu haw ahorow bi te sɛ ahurututu mu yare, honam ani yare, ayamtu ne nea ɛkeka ho pii.<ref>{{Citation |title=Desert dust and human health disorders |date=2014-02-01 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160412013002262 |work=Environment International |volume=63 |pages=101–113 |language=en-US |doi=10.1016/j.envint.2013.10.011 |issn=0160-4120 |access-date=2026-06-24}}</ref> Wobetumi agu nsu a ɛda hɔ ho fĩ, atew mmɔden a wɔbɔ sɛ ahoɔden a ɛho tew no tu mpɔn, na wɔagyae akwantu dodow no ara. Mfutuma ne anhwea ahum betumi anya nkɛntɛnso bɔne wɔ wim tebea so a ebetumi ama sare so asɛe kɛse.<ref>{{Citation |last=Tiantian Hu, Di Wu, Yaohui Li, Chenghai Wang |title=The Effects of Sandstorms on the Climate of Northwestern China |date=2017 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1155/2017/4035609 |work=Advances in Meteorology |volume=2017 |issue=1 |pages=4035609 |language=en |doi=10.1155/2017/4035609 |issn=1687-9317 |access-date=2026-06-24}}</ref> Mfutuma nketenkete a ɛwɔ mframa mu no pete mframa a ɛba fi owia mu ba (Hassan, 2012). Mfutuma no betumi ama asase so hyew akata so bere tiaa bi nanso wim hyew bɛkɔ soro. Eyi betumi asɛe na ama mununkum nkwa nna ayɛ tiaa a ebetumi ama osu atɔ pii<ref>{{Citation |last=thomas harrisson |title=Explainer: Desertification and the role of climate change |date=2019-08-06 |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-desertification-and-the-role-of-climate-change/ |language=en |access-date=2026-06-28}}</ref> ri34tfxxvvxgqr30k4arqbt71wjp325