Wikipedia warwiki https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syahan_nga_Pakli MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.1 first-letter Medya Pinaurog Hiruhimangraw Gumaramit Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit Wikipedia Hiruhimangraw hiton Wikipedia Paypay Hiruhimangraw hiton paypay MedyaWiki Hiruhimangraw hiton MedyaWiki Batakan Hiruhimangraw hiton batakan Bulig Hiruhimangaw hiton bulig Kaarangay Hiruhimangraw hiton kaarangay TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 8586 7783113 7749650 2026-05-08T10:18:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41587 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 7783113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lugar <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Tokyo | official_name = 東京都 · Tokyo Metropolis | native_name = 東京 | native_name_lang = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead --> | other_name = | settlement_type = Metropolis <!-- transliteration(s) --------> | translit_lang1 = | translit_lang1_type = | translit_lang1_info = | translit_lang1_type1 = | translit_lang1_info1 = | translit_lang1_type2 = | translit_lang1_info2 = <!-- etc., up to translit_lang1_type6 / translit_lang1_info6 --> | translit_lang2 = | translit_lang2_type = | translit_lang2_info = | translit_lang2_type1 = | translit_lang2_info1 = | translit_lang2_type2 = | translit_lang2_info2 = | translit_lang2_info2 = <!-- etc., up to translit_lang2_type6 / translit_lang2_info6 --> <!-- images, nickname, motto ---> | image_skyline = Tokyo Montage 2015.jpg | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = Tikang ha igbaw nga wala: [[Shinjuku, Tokyo|Shinjuku]], [[Tokyo Tower]], [[Rainbow Bridge (Tokyo)|Rainbow Bridge]], [[Shibuya, Tokyo|Shibuya]], [[National Diet Building]] | image_flag = | flag_size = | flag_alt = | flag_link = | image_seal = PrefSymbol-Tokyo.svg | seal_size = 115px | seal_alt = | seal_link = | image_shield = | shield_size = | shield_alt = | shield_link = | image_blank_emblem = Emblem of Tokyo Metropolis.svg | blank_emblem_type = <!-- defaults to Logo --> | blank_emblem_size = 100px | blank_emblem_alt = | blank_emblem_link = | nickname = | motto = | anthem = <!-- maps and coordinates ------> | image_map = Map_of_Japan_with_highlight_on_13_Tokyo_prefecture.svg | mapsize = | map_alt = | map_caption = Lokasyon han Tokyo ha sulod han Hapon | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_alt1 = | map_caption1 = | image_dot_map = | dot_mapsize = | dot_map_base_alt = | dot_map_alt = | dot_map_caption = | dot_x = |dot_y = | pushpin_map = <!-- name of a location map as per Template:Location_map --> | pushpin_label_position = <!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> | pushpin_label = <!-- only necessary if "name" or "official_name" are too long --> | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_map1 = | pushpin_label_position1 = | pushpin_label1 = <!-- only necessary if "name" or "official_name" are too long --> | pushpin_map_alt1 = | pushpin_mapsize1 = | pushpin_map_caption1 = | latd = |latm = |lats = |latNS = | longd = |longm = |longs = |longEW = | coor_pinpoint = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) --> | coordinates_type = | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> <!-- location ------------------> | subdivision_type = Nasod | subdivision_name = Hapon | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = <!-- etc., subdivision_type6 / subdivision_name6 --> <!-- established ---------------> | established_title = <!-- Settled --> | established_date = | established_title1 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> | established_date1 = | established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> | established_date2 = | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | extinct_title = | extinct_date = | founder = | named_for = <!-- seat, smaller parts -------> | seat_type = <!-- defaults to: Seat --> | seat = | parts_type = <!-- defaults to: Boroughs --> | parts_style = <!-- list, coll (collapsed list), para (paragraph format) --> | parts = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list --> | p1 = | p2 = <!-- etc., up to p50: for separate parts to be listed--> <!-- government type, leaders --> | government_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | government_type = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = <!-- add &nbsp; (no-break space) to disable automatic links --> | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = <!-- etc., up to leader_title4 / leader_name4 --> <!-- display settings ---------> | total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> | unit_pref = <!-- enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric --> <!-- area ----------------------> | area_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | area_magnitude = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink --> | area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> | area_total_sq_mi = <!-- see table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details --> | area_total_dunam = <!-- used in Middle East articles only --> | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | area_rank = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank1_sq_mi = | area_blank2_title = | area_blank2_km2 = | area_blank2_sq_mi = | area_note = <!-- elevation -----------------> | elevation_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | elevation_max_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | elevation_max_m = | elevation_max_ft = | elevation_min_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | elevation_min_m = | elevation_min_ft = <!-- population ----------------> | population_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = <!-- for automatic calculation of any density field, use: auto --> | population_density_sq_mi= | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_density = | population_density_rank = | population_blank1_title = | population_blank1 = | population_density_blank1_km2 = | population_density_blank1_sq_mi= | population_blank2_title = | population_blank2 = | population_density_blank2_km2 = | population_density_blank2_sq_mi= | population_demonym = <!-- demonym, ie. Liverpudlian for someone from Liverpool --> | population_note = <!-- demographics (section 1) --> | demographics_type1 = | demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | demographics1_title1 = | demographics1_info1 = <!-- etc., up to demographics1_title5 / demographics1_info5 --> <!-- demographics (section 2) --> | demographics_type2 = | demographics2_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | demographics2_title1 = | demographics2_info1 = <!-- etc., up to demographics2_title5 / demographics2_info5 --> <!-- time zone(s) --------------> | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | timezone2 = | utc_offset2 = | timezone2_DST = | utc_offset2_DST = <!-- postal codes, area code ---> | postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> | postal_code = | postal2_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> | postal2_code = | area_code_type = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) --> | area_code = | geocode = | iso_code = | registration_plate = <!-- twin cities ---------------> | twin1 = | twin1_country = | twin2 = | twin2_country = <!-- etc., up to twin9 / twin9_country --> <!-- blank fields (section 1) --> | blank_name_sec1 = | blank_info_sec1 = | blank1_name_sec1 = | blank1_info_sec1 = | blank2_name_sec1 = | blank2_info_sec1 = <!-- etc., blank6_name_sec1 / blank6_info_sec1 --> <!-- blank fields (section 2) --> | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = | blank1_name_sec2 = | blank1_info_sec2 = | blank2_name_sec2 = | blank2_info_sec2 = <!-- etc., blank6_name_sec2 / blank6_info_sec2 --> <!-- website, footnotes --------> | website = | footnotes = }} An '''Tokyo''' ({{IPA-ja|toːkjoː|lang|ja-Tokyo.ogg}}, {{IPAc-en|lang|ˈ|t|oʊ|k|i|.|oʊ}}), opisyal nga ngaran Tokyo Metropolis,<ref>{{cite web |title=Geography of Tokyo|publisher=Tokyo Metropolitan Government}}</ref> amo an kapital han Hapon ngan usa han iya 47 ka mga prefektura.<ref>{{cite web|title=Japan's Local Government System|url=http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/PROFILE/overview05.htm|publisher=Tokyo Metropolitan Government|accessdate=5 Agosto 2013|archive-date=11 Agosto 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811121829/http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/PROFILE/overview05.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> An Greater Tokyo Area an may gidadamoi nga tawo nga lugar metropolitano han kalibutan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://esa.un.org/wup2014/unup/index.asp?panel=2|title=World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision Population Database|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=10 Agosto 2014}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> Dinhi nalingkod an Emperador han Hapon ngan an pamunuan Hapon. Sakop ini han rehiyon Kantō ha salatan-sinirangan nga bahin han panguna nga isla Honshu ngan ginlalakipan an Kapuropod-an Izu ngan Kapuropod-an Ogasawara.<ref name="nussbaum981">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Tōkyō" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', pp. 981–982|page=981}}; "Kantō" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 479|page=479}}</ref> Anay gintawag nga Edo, nagin de facto nga lingkuran han gobyerno tikang han tuig 1603 han hi Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu in ginhimo ini nga syudad iya ulobuhatan. Nagin opisyal nga kapital katima la hi Emperador Meiji binalhin an iya lingkuran pakadto hini nga syudad tikang an daan nga kapital nga Kyoto han tuig 1868; ngan ini nga panahon an Edo in gin-utro pagngarana nga Tokyo. An Tokyo Metropolis in natukod han tuig 1943 tikang ha pagtampo han anay Prefektura Tokyo (東京府 Tōkyō-fu) ngan an syudad han Tokyo (東京市 Tōkyō-shi). An Tokyo bisan agsob tinutodlok komo usa ka syudad, in opisyal nga kilala ngan pinamumunuan komo usa ka "prefektura metropolitana", nga naiiba ngan gintampo an mga elemento han usa ka syudad ngan usa ka prefektura, usa ka gahom nga para gud la ha Tokyo. An pamunuan metropolitano han Tokyo in nagdudumara hin 23 ka mga Pinaurog nga Ward han Tokyo (tagsa tagsa nga pinamumunuan komo usa ka indibiduwal nga syudad), nga sakop han lugar han anay syudad han Tokyo san-o ini igintampo ngan nagin prefektura metropolitana han 1943. An pamunuan metropolitano in nagdudumara liwat han 38 ka mga munisipyo ha katundan nga dapit han prefektura ngan han duduha nga kapurupod-an. May-ada 9 ka milyon katawo an mga pinaurog nga ward, ngan may-ada populasyon nga lapos hin 13 milyones an prefektura. An prefektura in lakip han kanan kalibutan may gidadamoi katawo nga lugar metropolitano nga may-ada 37.8 milyones katawo ngan ini an kanan kalibutan gidadakoi nga ekonomiya agglomerasyon urbano. Liman-an kat usa (51) han kanan Fortune Global 500 nga mga kompanya in nakabase dinhi, an pinakahitaas han bisan diin nga syudad han kalibutan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2011/countries/Japan.html|title=Global Fortune 500 by countries: Japan|author=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|accessdate=22 Hulyo 2011 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> An Tokyo in ikatulo han International Financial Centres Development IndexEdit. Ini nga syudad amo liwat an panimalay han pipira ka mga telebisyon network sugad han [[Fuji TV]], [[Tokyo MX]], [[TV Tokyo]], [[TV Asahi]], [[Nippon Television]], [[NHK]] ngan an [[Tokyo Broadcasting System]]. An Tokyo in nangunguna han Global Economic Power Index ngan ika-upat ha Global Cities Index. Ini nga syudad senisiring nga usa ka alpha+ world city – ha lista han kanan Globalization and World Cities Research Network 2008 nga imbentaryo<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html|title=GaWC – The World According to GaWC 2008|publisher=Lboro.ac.uk|date=13 Abril 2010|accessdate=29 Oktubre 2010|archive-date=2016-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811203314/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html|url-status=}}</ref> - ngan han tuig 2014, an Tokyo in numero uno han "Best overall experience" nga kategorya han kanan TripAdvisor World City Survey (an syudad nangunguna liwat ha masunod nga mga kategorya: "pagigin mabulignon han mga mulupyo", "kinabuhi ha gab-i", "shopping", "lokal nga panakayan panpubliko" ngan "kalimpyohan han kakalsadahan").<ref>{{cite web|title=Tokyo Tops Among Global Travelers, According To TripAdvisor World City Survey|url=http://www.tripadvisor.com/PressCenter-i6742-c1-Press_Releases.html|website=TripAdvisor|publisher=TripAdvisor LLC|accessdate=1 Septyembre 2014|date=20 Mayo 2014}}</ref> Han tuig 2015, an Tokyo an nakatala ha ika-11 han pinakamahal nga syudad para han mga nangungukoy nga dayu, sumala han Mercer consulting firm,<ref>{{cite web|title=2015 Cost of Living Rankings|url=http://www.mercer.com/newsroom/cost-of-living-survey.html|work=Mercer|publisher=Mercer LLC|accessdate=17 Oktubre 2015|date=17 Hunyo 2015}}</ref> ngan ika-11 liwat han kanan kalibutan pinakamahal it papliton nga syudad, sumala han kanan Economist Intelligence Unit cost-of-living survey.<ref>{{cite web|title=Uptown top ranking|url = http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2015/03/daily-chart|publisher=The Economist|accessdate=17 Oktubre 2015|date=17 Hunyo 2015}}</ref> Han tuig 2015, an Tokyo in ginngaranan nga Most Liveable City han kalibutan han magasin nga Monocle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://monocle.com/film/affairs/the-monocle-quality-of-life-survey-2015/|title=The Monocle Quality of Life Survey 2015 – Film|publisher=|access-date=2017-02-10|archive-date=2015-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814223203/http://monocle.com/film/affairs/the-monocle-quality-of-life-survey-2015/|url-status=}}</ref> Ginpasidunggan liwat han Michelin Guide an Tokyo hin pinakadamo nga bituon Michelin ha bisan diin nga syudad han kalibutan.<ref name=michelin20101124>{{ja icon}} [http://web-cache.stream.ne.jp/www09/michelin/guide/tokyo/ "「ミシュランガイド東京・横浜・鎌倉2011」を発行　三つ星が14軒、二つ星が54軒、一つ星が198軒に"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129012353/http://web-cache.stream.ne.jp/www09/michelin/guide/tokyo/ |date=2010-11-29 }}, Michelin Japan, 24 Nobyembre 2010.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2901640.ece|title=Tokyo is Michelin's biggest star|work=The Times|date=20 Nobyembre 2007|access-date=2017-02-10|archive-date=2011-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012200057/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2901640.ece|url-status=}}</ref> An Tokyo nangunguna ha kalibutan ha Safe Cities Index.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://safecities.economist.com/infographics/safe-cities-index-infographic/|title=Safe Cities Index 2015 Infographic – NEC: Safe Cities|date=7 Enero 2015|publisher=|access-date=10 Pebrero 2017|archive-date=31 Oktubre 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031165733/http://safecities.economist.com/infographics/safe-cities-index-infographic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ikatulo nga pinakamaupay nga syudad ha kalibutan para han mag-aaram ha Unibersidad an Tokyo han 2016 nga edisyon han QS Best Student Cities.<ref name="test">{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/city-rankings/2016#sorting=rank+custom=rank+order=desc+search=|title=QS Best Student Cities 2016|work=Top Universities}}</ref> An Tokyo nagdumara han 1964 Olimpiko han Katsirak, an 1979 G-7 summit, an 1986 G-7 summit, an 1993 G-7 summit, ngan magdudumara han 2020 Olimpiko han Katsirak ngan 2020 Paralympiko han Katsirak. ==Etimolohiya== An Tokyo orihinal nga kilala ha ngaran nga Edo (江戸), nga it' kasirigngon "estuaryo".<ref name=placenames>Room, Adrian. ''Placenames of the World''. McFarland & Company (1996), [https://books.google.com/books?id=PzIer-wYbnQC&pg=PA360&sig=X75YRM_z45rzt4ZcemXMFhn9uWs p360]. ISBN 0-7864-1814-1.</ref> Inin nga ngaran in ginbalyo ngadto ha Tokyo (東京 Tōkyō; 東 tō "sinirangan", ngan 京 kyō "ulohan") han nagin ulohan han imperyo ha pag-abot ni Emperador Meiji han tuig 1868,<ref>US Department of State. (1906). [https://books.google.com/books?id=dKCOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA751&dq= ''A digest of international law as in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements'' (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Volume 5, page 759]; excerpt, "The Mikado, on assuming the exercise of power at Yedo, changed the name of the city to Tokio".</ref> nga nasunod an kahigaraan han mga Sinirangan Asyano nga nasod ha pagdugang hin pulong nga ulohan (京) ha ngaran han ulohan nga syudad.<ref name=placenames /> Han uruunhan nga panahon Meiji, an syudad liwat in gintawag nga "Tōkei", usa ka alternatibo nga kaluwas han kapareho nga Tsino nga mga agi nga nagrerepresentar han "Tokyo", nga naghihimo hini nga kanji homograph. An iba nga nabibilin nga opisyal nga pinulongan Ingles nga dokumento hin nagamit hit pagbaybay nga "Tokei".<ref name="Tōkei">{{cite book |title=Japanese Capitals in Historical Perspective: Place, Power and Memory in Kyoto, Edo and Tokyo |url=https://archive.org/details/japanesecapitals0000paul |author1=Fiévé, Nicolas |author2=Paul Waley |lastauthoramp=yes | date = 2003 |page=[https://archive.org/details/japanesecapitals0000paul/page/253 253] |isbn= }}</ref> Pero, ini nga kaluwas in diri na gingagamit yana.<ref>[http://www.soumu.metro.tokyo.jp/01soumu/archives/0715tokei.htm "明治東京異聞～トウケイかトウキョウか～東京の読み方" Tokyo Metropolitan Archives (2004)]. Retrieved on 13 Septyembre 2008. {{ja icon}}</ref> An ngaran nga Tokyo in syahan ginmawas han 1883 ha libro nga Kondō Hisaku (Sekreto nga Plano han Commingling), nga sinurat ni Satō Nobuhiro. Han hi Ōkubo Toshimichi in nagproposar nga ngaranan utro ini nga lugar ha gobyerno han panahon han Restorasyon Meiji, sumala kan Oda Kanshi (織田完之), nakuha ini niya nga ideya tikang hiton nga libro. ==Heyograpiya== ==Kaayusan han Syudad== ==Kalibungan== ==Demograpiko== ==Ekonomiya== ==Panakayan== ==Pag-aram== [[File:YasudaAuditorium.jpg|thumb|[[University of Tokyo]], Yasuda Auditorium]] [[File:Okuma lecture hall Waseda University 2007-01.jpg|thumb|[[Waseda University]]]] Dida ha Tokyo in may-ada damo nga mga unibersidad, mga junior college, ngan mga vocational school. Kadam-an han kanan Hapon pinakaprestihiyoso nga mga unibersidad in aada ha Tokyo, upod an [[University of Tokyo]], [[Hitotsubashi University]], [[Tokyo Institute of Technology]], [[Waseda University]], ngan [[Keio University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/university_rankings/results/2008/overall_rankings/fullrankings/ |title=The Times Higher Education – QS World University Rankings 2008 |accessdate=11 Nobyembre 2008 |publisher=[[Quacquarelli Symonds|QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited]] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202025203/http://www.topuniversities.com/university_rankings/results/2008/overall_rankings/fullrankings/ |archivedate=2 Disyembre 2008 }}</ref> An pipira ha gidadakoi nga mga nasodnon nga unibersidad ha in masunod: * [[Hitotsubashi University]] * [[National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies]] * [[Ochanomizu University]] * [[Tokyo Gakugei University]] * [[Tokyo Institute of Technology]] * [[Tokyo Medical and Dental University]] * [[Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology]] * [[Tokyo University of Foreign Studies]] * [[Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology]] * [[Tokyo University of the Arts]] * [[University of Electro-Communications]] * [[University of Tokyo]] May-ada la usa nga diri-nasudnon nga unibersidad panpubliko: an [[Tokyo Metropolitan University]]. May-ada liwat pipira nga mga unibersidad nga kilala nga nagkaklase ha pinulongan Ingles ngan para han pagtutdo hin pinulongan Hapon. Lakip ini an: * [[Globis University Graduate School of Management]] * [[International Christian University]] * [[Sophia University]] * [[Waseda University]] An Tokyo amo liwat an ulobuhatan han [[United Nations University]]. An mga panpubliko nga mga kindergarten, elementarya nga eskoylahan (mga tuig 1-6), Primera nga eskoylahan (7-9) in gindudumara han mga lokal nga ward o buhatan han munisipyo. An mga panpubliko nga segundarya nga eskoylahan in gindudumara han [[Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education]] ngan tinatawag nga "Metropolitan High Schools". Mayda liwat ha Tokyo hin damo nga mga eskoylahan nga pribado tikang kindergarten ngadto ha high school. ==Kultura== ==Mga Paugnat-hit-kusog== ==Ha popular nga kultura== [[File:Fuji TV headquarters and Aqua City Odaiba - 2006-05-03 edit.jpg|thumb|[[Fuji TV]] headquarters]] Tungod nga ini in may-ada gidadakoi nga sentro han populasyon ha Hapon ngan aanhi liwat an kanan nasod gidadakoi nga mga broadcaster ngan studio, an Tokyo agsob ginbubuhat nga lugar para han damo nga mga Hapones nga salida, pasalida han telebisyo, serye hin animasyon (''[[anime]]''), mga [[web comic]], ngan libro nga komix (''[[manga]]''). Han ''[[kaiju]]'' (monster movie) genre, an mga kiritaon han Tokyo in permi naruruba han mga dumagko sugad han [[Godzilla]] ngan [[Gamera]]. An iba liwat nga mga Hollywood director in ginhimo an Tokyo nga pinagbuhatan para han pasalida ha Hapon. An iba nga bantog nga kahuman ha gera nga mga pananglitan in ''[[Tokyo Joe (1949 film)|Tokyo Joe]]'', ''[[My Geisha]]'', ''[[Tokyo Story]]'' ngan [[James Bond]] nga pelikula ''[[You Only Live Twice (film)|You Only Live Twice]]''; an mga bantog liwat ha pagkayana nga pananglitan in upod an ''[[Kill Bill]]'', ''[[The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift]]'', ''[[Lost in Translation (film)|Lost in Translation]]'', ''[[Babel (film)|Babel]]'', ngan ''[[Inception]]''. Hi [[Haruki Murakami]], usa ka Hapon nga manunurat, in nakabase an iba niya nga mga nobela ha Tokyo (lakip dinhi an [[Norwegian Wood (novel)]]), ngan kan [[David Mitchell (author)|David Mitchell]] syahan nga duha nga mga nobela [[number9dream]] ngan [[Ghostwritten]] in nagpapakita hinin nga syudad. An kontemporaryo nga Briton nga pintor nga hi [[Carl Randall]] in nag-ukoy hin 10 ka tuig ha Tokyo komo usa ka artista, naghihimo hin mga buhat nga nagpapakita an mga syudad nga naghuhuruot ngan mga espasyo panpubliko.<ref name="BBC World Service - Carl Randall interview">{{citation | title= BBC World Service: World Update. 'Carl Randall – Painting the faces in Japan's crowded cities'. | publisher= BBC World Service | date = 2016 | url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03mt7rn }}</ref><ref name="BBC News - Carl Randall interview">{{citation | title= BBC News. 'Painting the faces in Japan's crowded cities'. | publisher= BBC News – Arts & Entertainment | date = 2016 | url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-35841387 }}</ref><ref name="Tokyo Portraits by Carl Randall">{{citation | title= 'Tokyo Portraits by Carl Randall'. | publisher= The Daiwa Anglo Japanese Foundation, London | date = 2014 | url= http://www.dajf.org.uk/exhibitions/tokyo-portraits-by-carl-randall-2}}</ref><ref name="BP Portrait Award 2013">{{citation | title= 'The BP Portrait Awards 2013'. | publisher= The National Portrait Gallery, London | date = 2012 | url= http://www.npg.org.uk/whatson/exhibitions/bp-portrait-award-2013/the-exhibition/exhibitors/bp-2013-exhibitor-6.php}}</ref><ref name="Japan Portraits">{{citation | title= 'Japan Portraits'. | publisher= Carl Randall – artist website | date = 2016 | url= http://www.carlrandall.com/japan-portraits }}</ref> ==Pakigsumpayan ha langyaw== An Tokyo usa ha nagtukod nga membro han Asian Network of Major Cities 21 ngan membro liwat han Council of Local Authorities for International Relations. An Tokyo in nagtukod nga membro liwat han C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group. ===Mga bugto nga syudad, mga bugto nga estado, ngan mga saragbot hit pakipagsangkay=== Han 2016, an Tokyo in may-ada mga saragbot pagkakaruha o pakipagsangkay ha masunod nga napulo kag-duha ka mga syudad ngan estado: <ref name="TMG">{{cite web|url=http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/ABOUT/LINKS/sister.htm|title=Sister Cities (States) of Tokyo – Tokyo Metropolitan Government|accessdate=30 Mayo 2016|archive-date=2016-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611131633/http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/ABOUT/LINKS/sister.htm|url-status=}}</ref> {{Div col}} * {{flagicon|USA}} [[New York City]], Estados Unidos (tikang hadin Pebrero 1960) * {{flagicon|PRC}} [[Beijing]], Tsina (tikang hadin Marso 1979) * {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Paris]], Fransya ("Saragbot hit pakipagsangkay ngan pagburubligay", tikang hadin Hulyo 1982)<ref name=P1>{{cite web |url=http://next.paris.fr/english/paris-a-city-with-an-international-profile/international-action-cooperation/friendship-and-cooperation-agreements/rub_8139_stand_29940_port_18784 |title=Friendship and cooperation agreements |publisher=Marie de Paris |location=Paris |accessdate=2016-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701024003/http://next.paris.fr/english/paris-a-city-with-an-international-profile/international-action-cooperation/friendship-and-cooperation-agreements/rub_8139_stand_29940_port_18784 |archive-date=2016-07-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagicon|AUS}} [[New South Wales]], Australia (tikang hadin Mayo 1984)<!-- Note that Tokyo is twinned with New South Wales – not Sydney --> * {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Seoul]], South Korea (tikang hadin Septyembre 1988) * {{flagicon|IDN}} [[Jakarta]], Indonesia (tikang hadin Oktubre 1989) * {{flagicon|BRA}} [[São Paulo (state)|Estado han São Paulo]], Brazil (tikang hadin Hunyo 1990)<!-- Note that Tokyo is twinned with the state – not the city --> * {{flagicon|EGY}} [[Cairo]], Ehipto (tikang hadin Oktobre 1990) * {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Moscow]], Russia (tikang hadin Hulyo 1991) * {{flagicon|GER}} [[Berlin]], Germany (tikang hadin Mayo 1994) * {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Rome]], Italya ("Saragbot hit pakipagsangkay ngan pagburubligay", tikang hadin Hulyo 1996) * {{flagicon|GBR}} [[London]], United Kingdom (tikang hadin Oktobre 2015) {{Div col end}} ==Pinanbasaran== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Bibliograpiya== {{refbegin|30em}} * Fiévé, Nicolas and Paul Waley. (2003). ''Japanese Capitals in Historical Perspective: Place, Power and Memory in Kyoto, Edo and Tokyo''. London: RoutledgeCurzon. 10-ISBN 070071409X/13-ISBN 9780700714094; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/japanese-capitals-in-historical-perspective-place-power-and-memory-in-kyoto-edo-and-tokyo/oclc/51527561&referer=brief_results OCLC 51527561] * McClain, James, John M Merriman and Kaoru Ugawa. (1994). ''Edo and Paris: Urban Life and the State in the Early Modern Era''. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 10-ISBN 0801429870/13-ISBN 9780801429873; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/edo-and-paris-urban-life-and-the-state-in-the-early-modern-era/oclc/30157716&referer=brief_results OCLC 30157716] * Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). [http://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&client=firefox-a ''Japan encyclopedia'']. Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. 10-ISBN 0-674-01753-6; 13-ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 58053128] * Sorensen, Andre. (2002). ''The Making of Urban Japan: Cities and Planning from Edo to the Twenty First Century''. London: RoutledgeCurzon. 10-ISBN 0415226511/13-ISBN 9780415226516; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/making-of-urban-japan-cities-and-planning-from-edo-to-the-twenty-first-century/oclc/48517502?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 48517502] {{refend}} ==Padugang nga barasahon== {{Z148}} ===Mga pagtugway === * Bender, Andrew, and Timothy N. Hornyak. ''Tokyo'' (City Travel Guide) (2010) * Mansfield, Stephen. ''Dk Eyewitness Top 10 Travel Guide: Tokyo'' (2013) * Waley, Paul. ''Tokyo Now and Then: An Explorer's Guide''. (1984). 592 pp * Yanagihara, Wendy. ''Lonely Planet Tokyo Encounter'' (2012) {{Z148}} ===Kontemporaryo=== * Allinson, Gary D. ''Suburban Tokyo: A Comparative Study in Politics and Social Change''. (1979). 258 pp. * Bestor, Theodore. ''Neighbourhood Tokyo'' (1989). [http://www.questia.com/read/91986553?title=Neighborhood%20Tokyo online edition] * Bestor, Theodore. ''Tsukiji: The Fish Market at the Centre of the World''. (2004) [http://www.questia.com/read/105652913?title=Tsukiji%3a%20%20The%20Fish%20Market%20at%20the%20Center%20of%20the%20World online edition] * Fowler, Edward. ''San'ya Blues: Labouring Life in Contemporary Tokyo''. ( 1996) ISBN 0-8014-8570-3. * Friedman, Mildred, ed. ''Tokyo, Form and Spirit''. (1986). 256 pp. * Jinnai, Hidenobu. ''Tokyo: A Spatial Anthropology''. (1995). 236 pp. * Reynolds, Jonathan M. "Japan's Imperial Diet Building: Debate over Construction of a National Identity". ''Art Journal''. 55#3 (1996) pp 38+. * Sassen, Saskia. ''The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo''. (1991). 397 pp. * Sorensen, A. ''Land Readjustment and Metropolitan Growth: An Examination of Suburban Land Development and Urban Sprawl in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area'' (2000) * Waley, Paul. "Tokyo-as-world-city: Reassessing the Role of Capital and the State in Urban Restructuring". ''Urban Studies'' 2007 44(8): 1465–1490. ISSN 0042-0980 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]] {{Z148}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Sister project links||wikt=Tokyo|commons=東京|v=no|n=Category:Tokyo|q=no|s=no|b=Enjoy Tokyo|species=no|voy=Tokyo|display=Tokyo}} * {{official website|http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/}} {{Tokyo}} {{Mga rehiyon ngan mga bahin han pagdudumara han Hapon}} {{turók}} {{Commons category|Tokyo}} [[Kaarangay:Tokyo| ]] [[Kaarangay:Kantō (rehiyon)]] [[Kaarangay:Mga Syudad han Hapon]] [[Kaarangay:Mga prefektura han Hapon]] [[Kaarangay:Mga ulohan ha Asya]] f5613jnszi91c9tl2df7y1y5xwvwm4e 0 17863 7783107 7782338 2026-05-07T19:21:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41587 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 7783107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The_Scientific_Universe.png|right|500px]] An '''syensya''' (tikang ha [[Linatin]] ''scientia'', kasirigngon "kaaradman") amo an paghalikwat hin mga batun para madug-ngan an kaaradman, ngan an organisado nga bahin han kaaradman nga nabibilngan ha pamaagi hini. An gintikangan han syensya mababaybay ngadto san ''Ancient Egypt'' ngan Mesopotamia sadton mga 3500 tobtob 3000 BCE. An ira kontribusyon sa mathematics, [[astronomiya]] , ngan pagtaga-medisina nagbug'os san [[philosopiya]] sadton mga sina-una na mga Greyego. ==Mga Sanga san Syensya== An moderno na syensya amo in binabahin sin tulo na sanga; '' natural sciences'' (e.g., biology, chemistry, ngan physics), an pag' aram san mga butang na nakapalibot sa aton; an ''social sciences''(e.g., economics, psychology, ngan sociology), an pag'aram adton mga indibiduwal ngan mga sosyodad; ngan an ''formal sciences'' (e.g., logic, mathematics, ngan theoretical computer science), na hiunung san mga ''abstract concpt''. Lugaring la, may ada argumento kun an ''formal sciences'' matuod ba na syensya tungod kay diri ini ginpapasarig san ''empirical evidence''. Adton mga disciplina na nagamit san ''existing scientific knowledge'' para san praktikal na gamit, sugad san ''engineering'' ngan ''medicine'', amo in gintatawag na '' applied sciences''. ==Pinanbasaran== {{reflist}} ==Mga reperensya== {{refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book|authorlink=Robert P. Crease|last=Crease|first=Robert P.|title=The Great Equations| date = 2009|isbn=978-0-393-06204-5|location=New York|publisher=W.W. Norton|page=317|ref=harv|postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}} * {{cite book|last=Crease|first=Robert P.|title=World in the Balance: the historic quest for an absolute system of measurement|url=https://archive.org/details/worldinbalancehi0000crea| date = 2011|isbn=978-0-393-07298-3|location=New York|publisher=W.W. Norton|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldinbalancehi0000crea/page/317 317]|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book| first=Giuliano Toraldo | last=di Francia| title=The Investigation of the Physical World| url=https://archive.org/details/investigationofp0000tora | location=Cambridge| publisher=Cambridge University Press| date = 1976| isbn=0-521-29925-X| ref=harv| postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}} Originally published in Italian as ''L'Indagine del Mondo Fisico'' by Giulio Einaudi editore 1976; first published in English by Cambridge University Press 1981. * {{cite book|last=Fara| first=Patricia| date = 2009 | title=Science : a four thousand year history|url=https://archive.org/details/sciencefourthous00fara| location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=978-0-19-922689-4 | page=[https://archive.org/details/sciencefourthous00fara/page/408 408]|ref=harv}} * {{cite book | last=Feyerabend | first=Paul | authorlink=Paul Feyerabend | date = 1993 | title=Against Method | url=https://archive.org/details/againstmethod0000feye | edition=3rd | publisher=Verso | place=London | isbn=0-86091-646-4 | ref=harv }} * Feyerabend, Paul (2005). ''Science, history of the philosophy'', as cited in {{Cite book|author=Honderich, Ted |title=The Oxford companion to philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_f5n3 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford [[Oxfordshire]] | date = 2005 |pages= |isbn=0-19-926479-1 |oclc= 173262485|doi=}} * {{Cite book| authorlink=Peter Godfrey-Smith| last=Godfrey-Smith | first=Peter | date = 2003| title=Theory and Reality| url=https://archive.org/details/theoryrealityint00godf| publisher=University of Chicago| isbn=0-226-30062-5| page=[https://archive.org/details/theoryrealityint00godf/page/272 272] | location= Chicago 60637| ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |author=Feynman, R.P.| date = 1999|title=The Pleasure of Finding Things Out: The Best Short Works of Richard P. Feynman|url=https://archive.org/details/pleasureoffindin00feyn|publisher=Perseus Books Group|isbn=0-465-02395-9 | oclc = 181597764}} *{{cite book| last= Heilbron |first= J. L. (editor-in-chief) | authorlink=J. L. Heilbron| date = 2003 |title= The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science | url= https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_s7n3 |location= New York |publisher= Oxford University Press. |isbn= 0-19-511229-6 |ref=harv}} *{{cite book| authorlink= David C. Lindberg |last= Lindberg| first= D. C. |title= Theories of Vision from al-Kindi to Kepler | url= https://archive.org/details/theoriesofvision0000lind |location= Chicago |publisher= Univ. of Chicago Pr.| date = 1976| ref= harv}} * {{Cite journal|authorlink=Joseph Needham| last=Needham | first=Joseph | date = 1954 |title=[[Science and Civilisation in China]]: Introductory Orientations|publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=1|ref=harv}} * {{cite book| last1=Nola | first1=Robert | last2=Irzik | first2=Gürol | date = 2005 | title=Philosophy, science, education and culture | volume=28 | series=Science & technology education library | isbn=1-4020-3769-4 | publisher=Springer | ref=harv | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HRqDnikufC0C }} * [[David Papineau|Papineau, David]]. (2005). ''Science, problems of the philosophy of.'', as cited in {{Cite book|author=Honderich, Ted |title=The Oxford companion to philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_f5n3 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford [[Oxfordshire]] | date = 2005|isbn=0-19-926479-1 |oclc= 173262485}} * {{Cite book | last=Parkin|first=D. | date = 1991|article=Simultaneity and Sequencing in the Oracular Speech of Kenyan Diviners|editor=Philip M. Peek|title=African Divination Systems: Ways of Knowing|location=Indianapolis, IN|publisher=Indiana University Press|ref=harv}}. * {{Cite book| date = 1958|authorlink=Michael Polanyi|last=Polanyi|first=Michael |title=Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy| url = https://archive.org/details/personalknowledg0000pola_k8v7| publisher= University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-67288-3|ref=harv|postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}} * {{cite book | last=Popper | first=Karl Raimund | date = 1996 | origyear=1984 | authorlink=Karl Popper | title=In search of a better world: lectures and essays from thirty years | publisher=Routledge | place=New York, NY | isbn=0-415-13548-6 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=L33XSZE77OkC | ref=harv }} * {{Cite book | last=Popper | first=Karl R. | date = 2002 | title=[[The Logic of Scientific Discovery]] | origyear=1959 | edition= | publisher=Routledge Classics | location=New York, NY | isbn=0-415-27844-9 | oclc=59377149 | ref=harv }} * {{Cite book |last=Stanovich|first=Keith E.| date = 2007 |title=How to Think Straight About Psychology|url=https://archive.org/details/howtothinkstraig0000stan| location=Boston|publisher=Pearson Education|ref=harv | isbn=978-0-205-68590-5}}<!--Amazon Look inside for 2010 edition reveals that it is the 9th edition&nbsp;— page numbers could be tricky here --> * {{Cite book|authorlink=John Ziman|first=John |last=Ziman |title=Reliable knowledge: An exploration of the grounds for belief in science|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-22087-4| date = 1978|page=197|ref=harv|postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}} {{refend}} ==Dugang nga barasahon== {{refbegin|30em}} * Augros, Robert M., Stanciu, George N., "The New Story of Science: mind and the universe", Lake Bluff, Ill.: Regnery Gateway, c1984. ISBN 0-89526-833-7 * {{Cite book | last=Becker |first=Ernest | date = 1968 |title=The structure of evil; an essay on the unification of the science of man | url=https://archive.org/details/structureofevila00beck |location=New York|publisher=G. Braziller |authorlink=Ernest Becker}} * Cole, K. C., ''Things your teacher never told you about science: Nine shocking revelations'' [[Newsday]], [[Long Island, New York]], 23 Marso 1986, pg 21+ * Feynman, Richard [http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/51/02/CargoCult.pdf "Cargo Cult Science"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304000024/http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/51/02/CargoCult.pdf |date=2009-03-04 }} * {{cite book | last=Gaukroger | first=Stephen | date = 2006 | title=The Emergence of a Scientific Culture: Science and the Shaping of Modernity 1210–1685 | url=https://archive.org/details/emergenceofscien0000gauk | publisher=Oxford University Press | place=Oxford | isbn=0-19-929644-8 }} * Gopnik, Alison, [http://www.amacad.org/publications/winter2004/gopnik.pdf "Finding Our Inner Scientist"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412053853/http://www.amacad.org/publications/winter2004/gopnik.pdf |date=2016-04-12 }}, [[Daedalus (journal)|Daedalus]], Winter 2004. * Krige, John, and Dominique Pestre, eds., ''Science in the Twentieth Century'', Routledge 2003, ISBN 0-415-28606-9 * [[Yuval Levin|Levin, Yuval]] (2008). ''Imagining the Future: Science and American Democracy''. New York, Encounter Books. ISBN 1-59403-209-2 * [[Thomas Samuel Kuhn|Kuhn, Thomas]], ''[[The Structure of Scientific Revolutions]]'', 1962. * {{Cite book |first=McComas |last=William F. |url=http://earthweb.ess.washington.edu/roe/Knowability_590/Week2/Myths%20of%20Science.pdf |chapter=The principal elements of the nature of science: Dispelling the myths |title=The nature of science in science education: rationales and strategies |editor-last=McComas |editor-first=William F. | date = 1998 |publisher=Springer |isbn= 978-0-7923-6168-8 |ref=harv |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}} * {{Cite book | last=Obler | first=Paul C.|author2=Estrin, Herman A. |title = The New Scientist: Essays on the Methods and Values of Modern Science | url=https://archive.org/details/newscientistessa00oble | publisher = [[Anchor Books]], Doubleday | date = 1962}} * {{cite book | last=Russell | first=Bertrand | date = 1985 | origyear=1952 | title=The Impact of Science on Society | publisher=Unwin | place=London | isbn=0-04-300090-8 }} * {{cite book | last1= Rutherford | first1=F. James | last2= Ahlgren | first2=Andrew | date = 1990 | title= Science for all Americans | url= https://archive.org/details/scienceforallame0002ruth | publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]], Oxford University Press | place=New York, NY | isbn=0-19-506771-1 }} * {{Cite book| last=Thurs | first=Daniel Patrick | date = 2007 | title=Science Talk: Changing Notions of Science in American Popular Culture| url=https://archive.org/details/sciencetalkchang00thur | pages=[https://archive.org/details/sciencetalkchang00thur/page/22 22]–52 | publisher=Rutgers University Press | location=New Brunswick, NJ | isbn=978-0-8135-4073-3 }} {{refend}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Sister project links|voy=Science tourism}} '''Publications''' * "''[[b:GCSE Science|GCSE Science textbook]]''". [[Wikibooks]].org '''Mga balita''' * [http://www.nature.com/news/ Nature News]. Science news by the journal ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' * [http://www.newscientist.com/ New Scientist]. An weekly magazine published by [[Reed Business Information]] * [http://www.sciencedaily.com/ ScienceDaily] * [http://www.sciencenewsline.com/ Science Newsline] * [http://sciencia.com/ Sciencia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129180040/http://sciencia.com/ |date=2011-11-29 }} * [http://www.discovermagazine.com/ Discover Magazine] * [http://www.science.ie/ Irish Science News] from Discover Science & Engineering '''Resources''' * [http://www.euroscience.org/ Euroscience] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412080435/http://www.euroscience.org/ |date=2010-04-12 }}: ** {{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610204548/http://www.euroscience.org/esof.html |archivedate=10 Hunyo 2010 |title=ESOF: Euroscience Open Forum|url=http://www.euroscience.org/esof.html}} * [http://www.en.argentina.ar/_en/science-and-education/ Science Development in the ''Latin American docta''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504084802/http://www.en.argentina.ar/_en/science-and-education/ |date=2009-05-04 }} * [http://xtf.lib.virginia.edu/xtf/view?docId=DicHist/uvaBook/tei/DicHist1.xml;chunk.id=dv1-57;toc.depth=1;toc.id=dv1-57;brand=default Classification of the Sciences]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} in ''Dictionary of the History of Ideas''. (Dictionary's new electronic format is badly botched, entries after "Design" are inaccessible. ''Internet Archive'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20080619205103/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-57 old version]). * [http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/nature/index.shtml "Nature of Science"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010084037/http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/nature/index.shtml |date=2006-10-10 }} ''[[University of California Museum of Paleontology]]'' * [http://www.science.gov/ United States Science Initiative] Selected science information provided by US Government agencies, including research & development results * [http://undsci.berkeley.edu/index.php How science works] ''[[University of California Museum of Paleontology]]'' [[category:syensya]] a8j88vvrp86cxagnqwfdfx4cryjmsl0 0 472251 7783108 7543161 2026-05-08T00:00:30Z MPF 22196 better pic 7783108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Aves|date=2013-03}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Tadorna'' | status = | image = Common Shellduck (Tadorna tadorna) (26499348215).jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = [[Aves]] | ordo = [[Anseriformes]] | familia = [[Anatidae]] | genus = '''Tadorna''' | species = | binomial = Tadorna | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Vertebrata]] | synonyms = }} An '''''Tadorna'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska [[genus]] han [[Aves]]. An ''Tadorna'' in nahilalakip ha [[familia]] nga [[Anatidae]].<ref name = "COL"/> An [[kladograma]] hini sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>: {{Clade | label1 = '''''Tadorna&nbsp;''''' | 1={{Clade | 1=''[[Tadorna cana]]'' | 2=''[[Tadorna cristata]]'' | 3=''[[Tadorna ferruginea]]'' | 4=''[[Tadorna radjah]]'' | 5=''[[Tadorna tadorna]]'' | 6=''[[Tadorna tadornoides]]'' | 7=''[[Tadorna variegata]]'' }} }} ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/tadorna/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Tadorna}} {{Wikispecies|Tadorna|''Tadorna''}} [[Kaarangay:Tadorna]] 1ben94sekblqpmg69u9r9aejhxlmq2q 0 472252 7783109 7770786 2026-05-08T00:01:00Z MPF 22196 better pic 7783109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Aves|date=2013-03}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Tadorna tadorna'' | status = LC | image = Common Shellduck (Tadorna tadorna) (26499348215).jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = [[Aves]] | ordo = [[Anseriformes]] | familia = [[Anatidae]] | genus = [[Tadorna]] | species = '''Tadorna tadorna''' | binomial = Tadorna tadorna | binomial_authority = ([[Linnaeus (awtor)|Linnaeus]], 1758) | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = Common Shelduck (Tadorna tadorna) (W1CDR0001430 BD7).ogg | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Vertebrata]] | synonyms = | status_ref = <ref name = "iucn"/> | status_system = iucn3.1 }} [[File:Tadorna tadorna MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.19.3.jpg|thumb| ''Tadorna tadorna'']] [[File:Common Shelduck.ogv|thumb|Tadorna tadorna]] An '''''Tadorna tadorna'''''<ref name = "col3"/><ref name = "col411"/><ref name = "col910"/> in uska species han [[Aves]] nga syahan ginhulagway ni [[Linnaeus (awtor)|Linnaeus]] hadton 1758. An ''Tadorna tadorna'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Tadorna]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Anatidae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Ginklasipika han [[IUCN]] an species komo [[diri gud kababarak-an]].<ref name = "iucn"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/tadorna+tadorna/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> <ref name = "col3"> (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code</ref> <ref name = "col411">Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright (2006) , Birds of the World: Recommended English Names</ref> <ref name = "col910"> (2006) , website, Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource, 2006.12.10</ref> <ref name = "source">''ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System''. Orrell T. (custodian), 26 Abril 2011</ref> <ref name = "iucn">{{IUCN2012.2|assessors= | date = 2012|id= 100600402|title= Tadorna tadorna|downloaded= 24 Oktubre 2012}}</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Tadorna tadorna}} {{Wikispecies|Tadorna tadorna|''Tadorna tadorna''}} [[Kaarangay:Tadorna]] is1n57zc6pke7scrrrw7xsjwyclo5iy 0 2115844 7783106 7779634 2026-05-07T16:05:26Z RamsesVII 61873 Image 7783106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Magnoliopsida|date=2014-06}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa'' | status = | image = Pseudorhipsalis_ramulosa_kz2.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = [[Tracheophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Caryophyllales]] | familia = [[Cactaceae]] | genus = [[Pseudorhipsalis]] | species = '''Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa''' | binomial = Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa | binomial_authority = (Salm-Dyck) Barthlott | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = ''Rhipsalis purpusii'' <small>Weing.</small><br>''Rhipsalis leiophloea'' <small>Vaupel</small><br>''Rhipsalis angustissimus'' <small>[[Frédéric Albert Constantin Weber|F.A.C. Weber]]</small><br>''Rhipsalis angustissima'' <small>[[Frédéric Albert Constantin Weber|F.A.C. Weber]]</small><br>''Disocactus ramulosus'' <small>(Salm-Dyck) [[Myron William Kimnach|Kimnach]]</small> }} An '''''Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa'''''<ref name = "C132"/> in uska species han [[Magnoliopsida]] nga syahan ginhulagway ni Salm-dyck, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Barthlott. An ''Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Pseudorhipsalis]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Cactaceae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> ==Subspecies== Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:<ref name = "COL"/> * ''P. r. jamaicensis'' * ''P. r. ramulosa'' ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/details/species/id/13439523| work = [[Catalogue of Life]] | title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist.|author= Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed)| date = 2014|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 26 Mayo 2014}}</ref> <ref name = "C132">''Checklist of CITES Species Part 1 CITES species index'', 2011</ref> <ref name = "source">{{Cite web |title=(Canada);http://siit.conabio.gob.mx (Mexico) ITIS Global: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System |url=http://www.itis.gov;http/ |access-date=2014-06-10 |archive-date=2017-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429125543/http://www.itis.gov;http/ |url-status= }}</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa}} {{Wikispecies|Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa|''Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa''}} ==Image gallery== <gallery> File:Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa1UME.jpg </gallery> [[Kaarangay:Pseudorhipsalis]] r9tpzuymhl4bjbm3i1ia9tghj2kong4 0 2145452 7783110 7673105 2026-05-08T06:29:39Z CommonsDelinker 126 Replacing Heliophila_africana.jpg with [[File:Heliophila_lactea.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: Corrected identification). 7783110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Magnoliopsida|date=2014-06}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Heliophila'' | status = | image = Heliophila lactea.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = [[Tracheophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Brassicales]] | familia = [[Brassicaceae]] | genus = '''Heliophila''' | species = | binomial = Heliophila | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} An '''''Heliophila'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska [[genus]] han [[Magnoliopsida]]. An ''Heliophila'' in nahilalakip ha [[familia]] nga [[Brassicaceae]].<ref name = "COL"/> ==Ilarom nga taxa<ref name = "COL"/>== * ''[[Heliophila acuminata]]'' * ''[[Heliophila adpressa]]'' * ''[[Heliophila affinis]]'' * ''[[Heliophila africana]]'' * ''[[Heliophila alpina]]'' * ''[[Heliophila amplexicaulis]]'' * ''[[Heliophila arenaria]]'' * ''[[Heliophila arenosa]]'' * ''[[Heliophila brachycarpa]]'' * ''[[Heliophila brassicaefolia]]'' * ''[[Heliophila bulbostyla]]'' * ''[[Heliophila callosa]]'' * ''[[Heliophila carnosa]]'' * ''[[Heliophila cedarbergensis]]'' * ''[[Heliophila cinerea]]'' * ''[[Heliophila collina]]'' * ''[[Heliophila concatenata]]'' * ''[[Heliophila cornellsbergia]]'' * ''[[Heliophila cornuta]]'' * ''[[Heliophila coronopifolia]]'' * ''[[Heliophila crithmifolia]]'' * ''[[Heliophila cuneata]]'' * ''[[Heliophila descurva]]'' * ''[[Heliophila deserticola]]'' * ''[[Heliophila diffusa]]'' * ''[[Heliophila digitata]]'' * ''[[Heliophila dissecta]]'' * ''[[Heliophila dregeana]]'' * ''[[Heliophila elata]]'' * ''[[Heliophila elongata]]'' * ''[[Heliophila ephemera]]'' * ''[[Heliophila esterhuyseniae]]'' * ''[[Heliophila eximia]]'' * ''[[Heliophila filicaulis]]'' * ''[[Heliophila gariepina]]'' * ''[[Heliophila glauca]]'' * ''[[Heliophila hurkana.]]'' * ''[[Heliophila integrifolia]]'' * ''[[Heliophila juncea]]'' * ''[[Heliophila katbergensis]]'' * ''[[Heliophila laciniata]]'' * ''[[Heliophila lactea]]'' * ''[[Heliophila latisiliqua]]'' * ''[[Heliophila leptophylla]]'' * ''[[Heliophila linearis]]'' * ''[[Heliophila linoides]]'' * ''[[Heliophila macowaniana]]'' * ''[[Heliophila macra]]'' * ''[[Heliophila macrosperma]]'' * ''[[Heliophila maraisiana]]'' * ''[[Heliophila meyeri]]'' * ''[[Heliophila minima]]'' * ''[[Heliophila monosperma]]'' * ''[[Heliophila namaquana]]'' * ''[[Heliophila namaquensis]]'' * ''[[Heliophila nubigena]]'' * ''[[Heliophila obibensis]]'' * ''[[Heliophila patens]]'' * ''[[Heliophila pectinata]]'' * ''[[Heliophila pendula]]'' * ''[[Heliophila pinnata]]'' * ''[[Heliophila polygaloides]]'' * ''[[Heliophila promontorii]]'' * ''[[Heliophila pubescens]]'' * ''[[Heliophila pusilla]]'' * ''[[Heliophila ramosissima]]'' * ''[[Heliophila refracta]]'' * ''[[Heliophila remotiflora]]'' * ''[[Heliophila rigidiuscula]]'' * ''[[Heliophila rimicola]]'' * ''[[Heliophila scandens]]'' * ''[[Heliophila schulzii]]'' * ''[[Heliophila scoparia]]'' * ''[[Heliophila seselifolia]]'' * ''[[Heliophila suavissima]]'' * ''[[Heliophila suborbicularis]]'' * ''[[Heliophila subulata]]'' * ''[[Heliophila tabularis]]'' * ''[[Heliophila tricuspidata]]'' * ''[[Heliophila trifurca]]'' * ''[[Heliophila tulbaghensis]]'' * ''[[Heliophila variabilis]]'' ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/browse/tree/id/17142536| work = [[Catalogue of Life]] | title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist.|author= Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed)| date = 2014|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 26 Mayo 2014}}</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Heliophila}} {{Wikispecies|Heliophila|''Heliophila''}} ==Image gallery== <gallery> File:Heliophila species 1303.jpg File:Heliophila species 1308.jpg </gallery> [[Kaarangay:Heliophila]] itwm9ai4m31xj2jdaojw55nrps4dk1w 0 2145471 7783111 7673109 2026-05-08T06:29:42Z CommonsDelinker 126 Replacing Heliophila_africana.jpg with [[File:Heliophila_lactea.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: Corrected identification). 7783111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Magnoliopsida|date=2014-06}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Heliophila africana'' | status = | image = | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = [[Tracheophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Brassicales]] | familia = [[Brassicaceae]] | genus = [[Heliophila]] | species = '''Heliophila africana''' | binomial = Heliophila africana | binomial_authority = ([[Carl von Linné|L.]]) [[Wessel Marais|Marais]] | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = ''Pachystylum glabrum'' <small>[[Christian Friedrich Frederik Ecklon|Eckl.]] & [[Carl Ludwig Philipp Zeyher|Zeyh.]]</small><br>''Orthoselis pilosa'' <small>([[Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck|Lam.]]) [[Édouard Spach|Spach]]</small><br>''Heliophila trichinostyla'' <small>[[Edwin Percy Phillips|E. Phillips]]</small><br>''Heliophila stricta'' <small>[[John Sims|Sims]]</small><br>''Heliophila rostrata'' <small>[[Jan Svatopluk Presl|J. Presl]]</small><br>''Heliophila pilosa'' <small>[[Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck|Lam.]]</small><br>''Heliophila incisa'' <small>DC.</small><br>''Heliophila frutescens'' <small>[[Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck|Lam.]]</small><br>''Heliophila arabioides'' <small>[[John Sims|Sims]]</small><br>''Cheiranthus africanus'' <small>[[Carl von Linné|L.]]</small> }} An '''''Heliophila africana'''''<ref name = "C132"/> in uska species han [[Magnoliopsida]] nga syahan ginhulagway ni [[Carl von Linné]], ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni [[Wessel Marais]]. An ''Heliophila africana'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Heliophila]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Brassicaceae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/details/species/id/7142804| work = [[Catalogue of Life]] | title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist.|author= Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed)| date = 2014|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 26 Mayo 2014}}</ref> <ref name = "C132">Marais, W., 1970 ''<![CDATA[In: Codd, L.E.W. & al. Fl. S. Africa 13: 55.]]>''</ref> <ref name = "source">{{Cite web |title=Brassicaceae species checklist and database |url=http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/spec/brassicaceae |access-date=2014-06-12 |archive-date=2014-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829152507/http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/spec/brassicaceae |url-status=dead }}</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Heliophila africana}} ==Image gallery== <gallery> File:Heliophila lactea.jpg File:Plate No. 496.jpg </gallery> [[Kaarangay:Heliophila]] 5epzftl7lndrget74fk3duek7j3xav3 0 2889249 7783112 6284193 2026-05-08T10:06:14Z -wuppertaler 63767 photo added 7783112 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mauren mit Alpstein.jpg|thumb]] An '''Mauren''' amo in usa ka munisipalidad ha nasod han [[Liechtenstein]]. {{Commonscat}} {{Mga munisipalidad han Liechtenstein}} {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga munisipalidad han Liechtenstein]] mtgi5vrvxmw8owu7zm91uaui87lktcn