Wikipedia warwiki https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syahan_nga_Pakli MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24 first-letter Medya Pinaurog Hiruhimangraw Gumaramit Hiruhimangaw hiton gumaramit Wikipedia Hiruhimangraw hiton Wikipedia Paypay Hiruhimangraw hiton paypay MedyaWiki Hiruhimangraw hiton MedyaWiki Batakan Hiruhimangraw hiton batakan Bulig Hiruhimangaw hiton bulig Kaarangay Hiruhimangraw hiton kaarangay TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 13 7790124 7787224 2026-10-24T10:41:20Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay 7790124 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ph locator map samar island.png|thumb|250px|An kahamutangan han Isla han Samar]] An '''Samar''' ngaran hin usa nga [[isla]] o puro ha [[Sinirangan nga Kabisay-an]]. Ngaran liwat ini hin usa nga [[Samar (probinsya)|lalawigan]] nga ginngaranan han una nga ''Western Samar'' (Iningles para hiton: ''Kalondan nga Samar'' o ''Katundan nga Samar''). Ini nga artikulo mahitungod han isla han Samar. == Heyograpiya han Isla == Iton Samar amo an pinaka-[[sinirangan]] nga isla ha [[Kabisay-an]]. Ini an ika-tulo (3) nga gidako-i nga isla han [[Pilipinas]]. Iton isla nahabulag tikang ha isla han [[Leyte]] han [[Estrecho han San Juanico]] (o San Juanico Strait), nga dida hiton pinakahalipot nga tarabokan dinhi, mga duha la ka kilometros iton kahaluag. Gindudugtong an Samar ha Leyte pinaagi han [[Tulay San Juanico]]. Iton Samar nahamutangan ha timugan o habagatan-sinirangan tikang han Peninsula Bicol ha [[Luzon]] (an gidako-i nga isla han Pilipinas). Iton [[Estrecho han San Bernardino]] nagbubulag hiton Samar tikang ha Luzon. Ha salatan han isla han Samar amo an Kalawdan o [[Golfo han Leyte]]. An kadagatan han Golfo han Leyte napadayon ngadto hiton [[Dagat Pilipinhon]], nga mabibilngan ha sinirangan han Samar ngan kabahin han [[Kalawdan Pacifico]]. == Ngaran == Hi [[Antonio Pigafetta]], usa nga inupod han ekspedisyon nira [[Fernando de Magallanes]], ginlista an ngaran han lugar nga "''Zamal''". Sumala han mga pipira nga historiador, usa ini nga kasurat ni Pigafetta han ngaran nga "''Samar''". Duduha an teorya kon kay-ano ginngaranan an isla nga "Samar". Sumala han syahan nga teorya, an mga Katsila nagpaki-ana hin usa nga taga-dida kon ano an ngaran han lugar. An ginpaki-anhan nga diri maaram magkinatsila hunahuna niya nga ginpaki-anhan hiya kon naano hiya ngan binmaton "samad" kay bag-o pa la hiya nga nasamaran han pag-abot han mga Katsila. An mga Katsila hunahuna nira nga an ngaran han lugar "Samad" ngan ha ira sayop nga kaluwas nahimo ini nga "Samar". Sumala han ika-duha nga teorya, an rason kon kay-ano "Samar" an ngaran tungod han kadadamo nga mga salog nga nagsusubaysubay han bug-os nga isla sugad hin mga "samad". == Mga Lalawigan ha Samar == Tulo (3) an lalawigan ha isla han Samar. * [[Samar (probinsya)|Samar]] (han una, Kalondan nga Samar, [[Pamunuan]]: [[Catbalogan]]) * [[Eastern Samar]] (Sidlangan nga Samar, Pamunuan: [[Borongan]]) * [[Northern Samar]] (Amihanan nga Samar, Pamunuan: [[Catarman]]) == Mga Yinaknan ha Samar == Binisaya nga [[Winaray]] an lumad nga yinaknan ha bug-os nga lalawigan ngan ha bug-os isla han Samar (tinatawag liwat ini nga Binisaya nga Sinamar-Leytenhon o Lineyte-Samarnon). Kondi mayda mga bungto nga [[Sinugboanon]] o Cebuano an ira yinaknan, ngan an kasagaran hini mga isla-nga-bungto. Iton isla han Capul nga nalalakip han [[Northern Samar]], mayda nira kalugaringon nga yinaknan nga iton tawag [[Inabaknon]] pero maaram liwat hira magyakan hin Waray nga pulong nga amo an lumad nga yinaknan han bug-os nga Isla han Samar. == Mga Sumpay ha Gawas == * [http://www.samarnews.net Samarnews.net] * [http://www.samarnews.com Websayt han Samar News.com] * [http://gugma.samarnews.net Gugma Han Samar] * [http://www.leyte-samar.com/ Websayt han Leyte-Samar.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060205140758/http://leyte-samar.com/ |date=2006-02-05 }} * [http://samar.lgu-ph.com Websayt han Probinsiya Han Samar] {{Samar1}} {{Eastern Samar}} {{Northern Samar}} [[Category:Samar| ]] qmogjqji6a4dys58b0zjmib9kf1iu6l 0 28 7790087 7789566 2026-10-24T07:39:13Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790087 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LH_95.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Crab_Nebula.jpg|thumb]] It '''astronomiya'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 20.</ref> ([[Griyego nga yinaknan|Griyego]]: αστρονομία = άστρον + [[nomos|νόμος]], ''astronomia'' = ''astron'' + ''nomos'', kon ha literal, ''"[[balaod]] han mga [[bituon]]"'') amo an [[siyensya]] hit fenomena ha [[Langit (astronomiya)|kalangitan]] nga natikang ha gawas han [[atmospera han Kalibutan]]. Igin-aaram dinhi an mga [[Kosmolohiya|pagtikang]], [[Kahimo hin Galaxiya ngan ebolusyon|ebolusyon]], ngan [[Astrophysics|pisikal]] ngan [[kemikal]] nga mga propyedad han mga butang ha kalangitan. Ha guti-ay nga sumat, it astronomiya mahitungod hiton paghibaro kon ano iton nahihinabo ha gawas han kalibutan. An astronomiya amo iton usa han mga pinakadaan nga mga siyensya nga mayda metodolihya siyentipiko nga dida na han panahon han [[Kadaan nga Gresya]] nga posible nga mayda na han sarusayo in mga ''advanced'' nga mga tekniko hin paglantaw (kitaa iton [[arkaeoastronomiya]]). It astronomiya usa hiton mga siyensya nga kon diin iton mga [[amateur astronomy|amateur]] mayda pa aktibo nga papel, labi na dida hiton pakadiskubre ngan pagbantay hin mga nalabay (transient) nga [[phenomena]]. Iton astronomiya diri angay hunahunaon nga amo la gihap ini hiton [[astrolohiya]], nga natuo nga iton mga mahihinabo ha tawo ngan mga buhat han katawhan mayda koneksyon han mga kahimutangan han mga butang ha kalangitan—bisan kon inin duha nga mga buruhaton parehos an gintikangan, mag-iba ini; it mga astronomer nagamit hiton [[paagi nga siyentipiko]] o ''scientific method'', samtang iton mga astrologers diri. Ini in usa nga [[idiya]]/[[hibabru-an]] kun ikaw/kita in na[[karuyag]] ma[[hibaru]] han [[takna]]/[[oras]] [[ug]] [[ibba]] pa. Kun ha pan-[[sanglit]] an [[tawo]] ha [[kalibutan]] in [[punu]] na, [[ngain]] nga [[planeta]] [[hira]] ma[[kadtu]]? [[Diin]] hira makaka-[[biling]] han ibba [[nga]] ta[[tamak]]an? Kun tika-[[ubus]] na an [[ngatanan]] ha [[kalibutan]]. == Pinanbasaran == {{reflist}} ==Bibliograpiya== *{{cite book| first=George |last=Forbes|title=History of Astronomy|publisher=Plain Label Books|location=London| date=1909|isbn=1-60303-159-6}} Available at [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/8172 Project Gutenberg],[http://books.google.com/books?id=hcLXcpUDqPgC&printsec=frontcover Google books] *{{cite book |last1 = Harpaz|first1 = Amos |title = Stellar Evolution |date= 1994|isbn = 978-1-56881-012-6|url = http://books.google.com/?id=kd4VEZv8oo0C&dq|publisher = A K Peters, Ltd}} *{{cite book|last=Unsöld|first=A.|title=The New Cosmos: An Introduction to Astronomy and Astrophysics|date=2001|publisher=Springer|isbn=3-540-67877-8|author2=Baschek, B.}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Sister project links|Astronomy}} *[http://www.astronomy2009.org International Year of Astronomy 2009] IYA2009 Main website *[http://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/index.htm Cosmic Journey: A History of Scientific Cosmology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081021070242/http://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/index.htm |date=2008-10-21 }} from the American Institute of Physics *[http://www.astronomy.net.nz Southern Hemisphere Astronomy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119030529/http://www.astronomy.net.nz/ |date=2019-01-19 }} *[http://www.celestiamotherlode.net/catalog/educational.php/ Celestia Motherlode] Educational site for Astronomical journeys through space *[http://www.vega.org.uk/video/subseries/16 Prof. Sir Harry Kroto, NL], Astrophysical Chemistry Lecture Series. 8 Freeview Lectures provided by the Vega Science Trust. *[http://ads.harvard.edu/books/clab/ Core books] and [http://ads.harvard.edu/books/claj/ core journals] in Astronomy, from the Smithsonian/NASA [[Astrophysics Data System]] * [http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/8622 A Journey with Fred Hoyle: Second Edition], by Chandra Wickramasinghe. [[Kaarangay:Astronomiya| ]] i9ksj8qnd0gju55luvatemz32fc534e 0 192 7790095 7785684 2026-10-24T07:59:58Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay 7790095 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''biyolohiya''' amo an [[siyensya]] mahitungod han [[kinabuhi]]. An [[pulong]] nga ''biyolohiya'' tikang ha [[Griniyego]] nga mga pulong "βιos" ''bios'' = kinabuhi ug "λoγos", ''logos'' = pamulong ha kinaadman. An biyolohiya kay usa ka [[siyensyas naturales|natural na siyensya]] na napokus ha [[pag-aram]] ha kinabuhi ngan han mga buhi nga mga [[organismo]]. Moderno nga biyolohiya kay gin-uupod an [[istruktura]], [[gamit]], pag-tubo, [[ebolusyon]] han usa ka buhi nga mga organismo. == Galeriya == <gallery> File:Guriezo Adino vaca toro terneras.jpg|Animalia - Bos primigenius taurus File:Zboże.jpg|Planta - Triticum File:Morchella esculenta 08.jpg|Fungi - Morchella esculenta File:Fucus serratus2.jpg|Stramenopila/Chromista - Fucus serratus File:Gemmatimonas aurantiaca.jpg|Bacteria - Gemmatimonas aurantiaca (- = 1 Micrometer) File:Halobacteria.jpg|Archaea - Halobacteria File:Gamma phage.png|Virus - Gamma phage </gallery> == Katinikangan == Bisan an moderno nga biyolohiya kay bag-o nga parte han syensya, mayda mga siyensya nga konektado ha biyolohiya nga gin-aram na tikang han [[Kaagi han kadaan|kadaan nga panahon]]. An natural nga [[pilosopiya]] kay gin-aram tikang han kadaan nga [[sibilisasyon]] ha [[Mesopotamia]], [[Ehipto]], [[India]] ngan [[Tsina]]. Pero an katinikangan han moderno nga biyolohiya kay ginbabalik ngadto ha [[Hadton Gresya|kadaan nga Gresya]]. == Pinanbasaran == {{reflist}} == Dugang nga barasahon == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book|last =Alberts|first=Bruce|coauthors=Johnson, A, Lewis, J, Raff, M, Roberts, K & Walter, P|title=Molecular Biology of the Cell|url =https://archive.org/details/molecularbiology0004albe|edition=4th|publisher=Garland|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8153-3218-3|oclc =145080076 48122761 57023651 69932405}} * {{cite book|last=Begon|first=Michael|coauthors= Townsend, CR & Harper, JL|title=[[Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems]]|edition=4th|publisher=Blackwell Publishing Limited|year=2005|isbn=978-1-4051-1117-1|oclc=57639896 57675855 62131207}} * {{cite book|last=Campbell|first=Neil|authorlink=Neil Campbell (scientist)|title=Biology|edition=7th|publisher=Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company|year=2004|isbn=0-8053-7146-X|oclc=71890442}} * {{cite book|last=Colinvaux|first=Paul|authorlink=Paul Colinvaux |title=Why Big Fierce Animals are Rare: An Ecologist's Perspective|url=https://archive.org/details/whybigfierceanim00paul|edition=reissue|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1979|isbn=0-691-02364-6|oclc=10081738 24132192}} *{{cite book|author=Mayr, Ernst |title=The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=pHThtE2R0UQC|year=1982|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-36446-2}} * {{cite book|last=Hoagland|first=Mahlon|title=The Way Life Works|url=https://archive.org/details/exploringwaylife0000hoag|edition=reprint|publisher=Jones and Bartlett Publishers inc|year=2001|isbn=0-7637-1688-X|oclc=223090105 45487537}} * {{cite book|last=Janovy|first=John Jr.|title=On Becoming a Biologist|url=https://archive.org/details/onbecomingbiolog0000jano|edition=2nd|publisher=Bison Books|year=2004|isbn=0-8032-7620-6|oclc=55138571 56964280}} * {{cite book|last=Johnson|first=George B.|authorlink=Johnson George B.|title=Biology, Visualizing Life|url=https://archive.org/details/holtbiologyvisua00john|publisher=Holt, Rinehart, and Winston|year=2005|isbn=0-03-016723-X|oclc=36306648}} * {{cite book|last =Tobin|first=Allan|author2=Dusheck, Jennie|title=Asking About Life|url =https://archive.org/details/askingaboutlife0000tobi|edition=3rd|publisher=Wadsworth|location=Belmont, California|year=2005|isbn=0-534-40653-X}} {{refend}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Wikibooks}} {{Wikisource portal|Natural History and Biology}} {{Wiktionary}} {{wikiversity|Biology|at-link=School:Biology|at=The School of Biology}} * {{dmoz|Science/Biology}} * [http://www.ohio.edu/phylocode/index.html OSU's Phylocode] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212205742/http://www.ohio.edu/phylocode/index.html |date=2013-12-12 }} * [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Main_Page Biology Online – Wiki Dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917162850/http://biology-online.org/dictionary/Main_Page |date=2008-09-17 }} * [http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/biology/7-012-introduction-to-biology-fall-2004/ MIT video lecture series on biology] * [http://www.bioeticaunbosque.edu.co/english/ Biology and Bioethics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626143439/http://www.bioeticaunbosque.edu.co/english/ |date=2007-06-26 }}. * [https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=2622&parentname=CommunityPage&parentid=7&mode=2&in_hi_userid=200&cached=true Biological Systems] – Idaho National Laboratory * [http://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html ''The Tree of Life'']: A multi-authored, distributed Internet project containing information about phylogeny and biodiversity. * [http://logic-law.com/index.php?title=The_Study_of_Biology The Study of Biology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200057/http://logic-law.com/index.php?title=The_Study_of_Biology |date=2013-10-29 }} * [http://www.library.illinois.edu/bix/biologicalliterature/ Using the Biological Literature Web Resources] ;Journal links * [http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=index-html&issn=1545-7885 PLos Biology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060426191401/http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=index-html&issn=1545-7885 |date=2006-04-26 }} A peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by the [[Public Library of Science]] * [http://www.cell.com/current-biology/ Current Biology] General journal publishing [[original research]] from all areas of biology * [http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/ Biology Letters] A [[Impact factor|high-impact]] [[Royal Society]] journal publishing [[peer-review]]ed Biology papers of general interest * [http://www.sciencemag.org/collections/subject/ Science Magazine] Internationally Renowned [[American Association for the Advancement of Science|AAAS]] Science Publication – See Sections of the Life Sciences * [http://www.biolsci.org/ International Journal of Biological Sciences] A biological journal publishing significant peer-reviewed scientific papers * [http://www.press.jhu.edu/journals/perspectives_in_biology_and_medicine/index.html Perspectives in Biology and Medicine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031110160426/http://www.press.jhu.edu/journals/perspectives_in_biology_and_medicine/index.html |date=2003-11-10 }} An [[interdisciplinarity|interdisciplinary]] [[scholarly method|scholarly]] journal publishing [[essay]]s of broad relevance * [http://www.lifesciencelog.com/ Life Science Log] {{turók}} {{Commonscat|Biology}} [[Kaarangay:Biyolohiya| ]] dezjlqxywy82ca7y5nyywn8fcbpv5xf 14 361 7790123 7788123 2026-10-24T10:34:20Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Samar}} [[Kaarangay:Isla hin Sinirangan nga Kabisay-an]] dvrerlw2ht0ruume4gb00678pr4wktd 0 794 7790098 6180957 2026-10-24T08:14:22Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ighubad Iningles|Statistics}} [[File:The_Normal_Distribution.svg|thumb]] An '''estadistiká'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 91. </ref> usa nga [[Matematika|siyensya matematika]] nga nanginginlabot hiton pagtirok, pag-analisar, pag-interpretar o pagpahayag, ngan pagpamulong hiton [[data]]. Ginagamit ini hin damo nga kalain nga disiplina akademika, tikang han [[Fisika|pisikal]] ngan [[Siyensyas sosyales|sosyal]] nga mga [[siyensya]] ngadto han [[humanidades]]. Iton estadistika gin-gagamit gihapon hin [[Teyorya hin mulay|paghimo hin mga desisyon]]. == Pinanbasaran == {{reflist}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Sister project links|Statistics}} {{Library resources box |by=no |onlinebooks=no |others=no |about=yes |label=Statistics}} {{Commonscat|Statistics}} [[Kaarangay:Estadistika| ]] csoqk5ctvmujl0szckqa5wb8u6a9kqu 0 795 7790102 7789569 2026-10-24T08:32:19Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay 7790102 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:CollageFisica.jpg|thumb]] Iton '''físika''', '''pesiká'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 283.</ref> o '''pisiká'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 288.</ref> (tikang han [[Griyego nga yinaknan|Griyego]], φύσις (''phúsis''), ''"nature"'' ngan φυσικός (''phusikós''), "natural"), an pinaka-pundamental nga [[siyensyas naturales|siyensya natural]], nanginginlabot hiton mga batikan nga mga prinsipyo han [[universo]]. Iton físika nanginginlabot hiton mga elementarya nga nakahimo han [[Nature|natural nga kalibutan]] (e.g. ''[[matter]]'', [[enerhiya]], [[espasyo]], ngan [[takna]]) ngan an ira mga interaksyon, pati gihapon han pag-analisar han mga sistema nga naipapahayag hin klaro ha pamulong hinin nga mga prinsipyo. == Kasaysayan == Nagtikang an pesika bilang [[pilosopiya]]-natural sadton ''archaic period'' han [[Gresya]] (tuig 650 BCE – 480 BCE). An mga pilosopo sugad kan [[Thales]] naghanap hin ''[[Metodolohiya|methodological]]'' na mga eksplenasyons san mga natural na phenomena. Naghatag sira mga ideya nga ginpasarig san rason ngan obserbasyon, ngan daramo san kanra mga ''hypotheses'' naprubaran san experimento;<ref name="lloyd1970pp108-109">{{harvnb|Lloyd|1970|pp=108–109}}</ref> sugad san atomismo na naprubaran na tama haros 2000 katuig tikang sa una gin-''propose'' ni [[Leucippus]] ngan [[Democritus]].<ref name="about-atomism">{{Cite web |last=Gill |first=N.S. |title=Atomism - Pre-Socratic Philosophy of Atomism |work=Ancient/Classical History |publisher=[[About.com]] |url=http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/presocraticphiloso/p/Atomism.htm |accessdate=1 Abril 2014 |ref=harv |archive-date=2014-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710140657/http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/presocraticphiloso/p/Atomism.htm |url-status= }}</ref> Nagin siyensya an pesika sadton temprano nga moderno nga [[Europa]] san paggamit nira san experimental ngan ''quantitative'' na ''methods'' para ma-diskobre an yana ginkokonsidera na ''laws of physics''.<ref name="benchaim2004">{{harvnb|Ben-Chaim|2004}}</ref> == Klasikal na pesika == [[Paypay:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumbnail|Si [[Isaac Newton]] (1643-1727), na may dagko na kontribusyon sa klasikal na piseka, an 'universal gravitation' ngan 'laws of motion']] Sakob sa klasikal na pesika an mga tradisyonal na mga sanga sugad san ''[[mekanika]]'', ''[[akustika]]'', ''[[optika]]'', ''[[termodinamika]]'', ngan ''[[elektromagnetismo]]''. Nanginginlabot an klasikal na mekanika san mga butang na nagkikiwa ngan ginpapakiwa san pwersa, ngan ginbabahin ini ngadto ha ''statics'', ''kinematics'', ngan ''dynamics''; Ginbabahin liwat an mechanics ngadto ha ''solid mechanics'' ngan [[pluwido nga mekanika]]. Sa ''fluid mechanics'' sakob an mga sanga na ''hydrostatics'', [[pluwidodinamika]], [[aerodinamika]], ngan [[nyumatika]]. == Moderno na pesika == An moderno na pesika nagpapakita san iba na konsepto san ''space, time, ngan matter'' na prenesentar san klasikal na pesika. An duha na teoriya na nagdominar sa moderno na pesika amo an ''quantum theory'' ngan [[pinaurog nga teyorya han relatividad]]. Sakob san moderno na pesika an [[mekanika kwantum]]. == Pinanbasaran == {{Mga kasarigan}} == Padugang nga barasahon == <div class="reflist"> * {{Cite book |last=Aaboe |first=A. |authorlink=Asger Aaboe | date = 1991 |title=The Cambridge Ancient History |edition=2nd |volume=Volume III |chapter=Mesopotamian Mathematics, Astronomy, and Astrology |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-22717-9 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite web |last=Allen |first=D. |date=10 Abril 1997 |title=Calculus |publisher=[[Texas A&M University]] |url=http://www.math.tamu.edu/~dallen/history/calc1/calc1.html |accessdate=1 Abril 2014 |ref=harv |archive-date=2021-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323194040/https://www.math.tamu.edu/~dallen/history/calc1/calc1.html |url-status= }} * {{Cite book |last=Ben-Chaim |first=M. | date = 2004 |title=Experimental Philosophy and the Birth of Empirical Science: Boyle, Locke and Newton |url=https://archive.org/details/experimentalphil0000benc |publication-place=Aldershot |publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing|Ashgate]] |isbn=0-7546-4091-4 |oclc=53887772 57202497 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=e6MEnPOhv7cC&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Applied Turbulence Modelling in Marine Waters |publisher=Springer |last=Burchard |first=H. | date = 2002 |isbn=3-540-43795-9 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite journal |last=Cho |first=A. |title=Higgs Boson Makes Its Debut After Decades-Long Search |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2012-07-13_337_6091/page/n16 |journal=Science |pages=141–143 |volume=337 |date=13 Hulyo 2012 |doi=10.1126/science.337.6091.141 |pmid=22798574 |issue=6091 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |title=Ancient Egyptian Science |volume=Volume 2 |place=Philadelphia |publisher=[[American Philosophical Society]] |last=Clagett |first=M. | date = 1995 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite journal |last=Cohen |first=M.L. |title=Fifty Years of Condensed Matter Physics |journal=Physical Review Letters | date = 2008 |volume=101 |issue=5 |pages=25001–25006 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.250001 |url=http://prl.aps.org/edannounce/PhysRevLett.101.250001 |bibcode = 2008PhRvL.101y0001C |ref=harv}} * {{Cite arXiv |last=DØ Collaboration |first=584 co-authors |authorlink=DØ experiment |title=Direct observation of the strange 'b' baryon <math>\Xi_{b}^{-}</math> |date=12 Hunyo 2007 |arxiv=0706.1690 |class=hep-ex |version=v2 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |url=http://www.getcited.org/pub/102471397 |last=Dijksterhuis |first=E.J. |title=The mechanization of the world picture: Pythagoras to Newton |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |location=[[Princeton, New Jersey]] | date = 1986 |isbn=978-0-691-08403-9 |ref=harv }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805141040/http://www.getcited.org/pub/102471397 |date= 5 Agosto 2011 }} * {{Cite web |last=DONUT |authorlink=DONUT |title=The Standard Model |publisher=[[Fermilab]] |date=29 Hunyo 2001 |url=http://www-donut.fnal.gov/web_pages/standardmodelpg/TheStandardModel.html |accessdate=1 Abril 2014 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last1=Feynman |first1=R.P. |author1link=Richard Feynman |last2=Leighton |first2=R.B. |last3=Sands |first3=M. | date = 1963 |title=[[The Feynman Lectures on Physics]] |volume=1 |isbn=0-201-02116-1 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Feynman |first=R.P. |authorlink=Richard Feynman |title=[[The Character of Physical Law]] | date = 1965 |isbn=0-262-56003-8 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Godfrey-Smith |first=P. | date = 2003 |title=Theory and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science |url=https://archive.org/details/theoryrealityint0000godf |isbn=0-226-30063-3 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite journal |last=Goldstein |first=S. |title=Fluid Mechanics in the First Half of this Century |journal=Annual Reviews in Fluid Mechanics | date = 1969 |volume=1 |pages=1–28 |doi=10.1146/annurev.fl.01.010169.000245 |bibcode = 1969AnRFM...1....1G |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last1=Gribbin |first1=J.R. |last2=Gribbin |first2=M. |last3=Gribbin |first3=J. |title=Q is for Quantum: An Encyclopedia of Particle Physics |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=WzwbAQAAIAAJ | date = 1998 |publisher=[[Free Press (publisher)|Free Press]] |isbn=978-0-684-85578-3 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite journal |last=Grupen |first=Klaus |title=Instrumentation in Elementary Particle Physics: VIII ICFA School |journal=AIP Conference Proceedings |date=10 Hulyo 1999 |volume=536 |pages=3–34 |doi=10.1063/1.1361756 |arxiv=physics/9906063 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Guicciardini |first=N. | date = 1999 |title=Reading the Principia: The Debate on Newton's Methods for Natural Philosophy from 1687 to 1736 |url=https://archive.org/details/readingprincipia0000guic |location=New York |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Halpern |first=P. |title=Collider: The Search for the World's Smallest Particles |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JAxLVY96sqsC | date = 2010 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn=978-0-470-64391-4 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last1=Hawking |first1=S. |author1link=Stephen Hawking |last2=Penrose |first2=R. |author2link=Roger Penrose | date = 1996 |title=[[The Nature of Space and Time]] |isbn=0-691-05084-8 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Holzner |first=S. | date = 2006 |title=Physics for Dummies |url=http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0764554336 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |quote=Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you. |isbn=0-470-61841-8 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Honderich |first=T. (editor) |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Philosophy]] | date = 1995 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford |isbn=0-19-866132-0 |edition=1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00hond/page/474 474]–476 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Kellert |first=S.H. |title=In the Wake of Chaos: Unpredictable Order in Dynamical Systems |url=https://archive.org/details/inwakeofchaosunp0000kell |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] | date = 1993 |isbn=0-226-42976-8 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite news |last=Kerr |first=R.A. |title=Tying Up the Solar System With a Ribbon of Charged Particles |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/sci;326/5951/350-a?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=IBEX&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&issue=5951&resourcetype=HWCIT |work=Science |date=16 Oktubre 2009 |volume=326 |issue=5951 |pages=350–351 |accessdate=27 Nobyembre 2009 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Krupp |first=E.C. | date = 2003 |title=Echoes of the Ancient Skies: The Astronomy of Lost Civilizations |publisher=[[Dover Publications]] |isbn=0-486-42882-6 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7rMAJ87WTF0C |accessdate=31 Marso 2014 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Laplace |first=P.S. |authorlink=Pierre-Simon Laplace |others=Translated from the 6th French edition by Truscott, F.W. and Emory, F.L. | date = 1951 |title=A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities |url=https://archive.org/details/philosophicaless00lapl |location=New York |publisher=[[Dover Publications]] |ref=harv}} * {{Cite journal |last=Leggett |first=A.J. |title=Superfluidity |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics | date = 1999 |volume=71 |issue=2 |pages=S318–S323 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.71.S318 |bibcode = 1999RvMPS..71..318L |ref=harv}} * {{Cite journal |last=Levy |first=B.G. |title=Cornell, Ketterle, and Wieman Share Nobel Prize for Bose-Einstein Condensates |journal=Physics Today |date= Disyembre 2001 |page=14 |doi=10.1063/1.1445529 |url=http://physicstoday.org/journals/doc/PHTOAD-ft/vol_54/iss_12/14_1.shtml?bypassSSO=1 |volume=54 |issue=12 |bibcode=2001PhT....54l..14L |ref=harv |access-date= 19 Enero 2015 |archive-date= 15 Mayo 2016 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160515100141/http://physicstoday.org/journals/doc/PHTOAD-ft/vol_54/iss_12/14_1.shtml?bypassSSO=1 |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite book |title=Early Greek Science: Thales to Aristotle |url=https://archive.org/details/earlygreekscienc00gerl |last=Lloyd |first=G.E.R. |authorlink=G. E. R. Lloyd |publisher=[[Chatto and Windus]]; [[W. W. Norton & Company]] |location=London; New York | date = 1970 |isbn=0-393-00583-6 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite web |last=Mastin |first=L. |title=Greek Mathematics - Plato |work=The Story of Mathematics | date = 2010 |url=http://www.storyofmathematics.com/greek_plato.html |accessdate=31 Marso 2014 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Mattis |first=D.C. |title=The Theory of Magnetism Made Simple |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=VkNBAQAAIAAJ | date = 2006 |publisher=[[World Scientific]] |isbn=978-981-238-579-6 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Maxwell |first=J.C. |authorlink=James Clerk Maxwell | date = 1878 |title=Matter and Motion |url=http://books.google.com/?id=noRgWP0_UZ8C&printsec=titlepage&dq=matter+and+motion |publisher=D. Van Nostrand |isbn=0-486-66895-9 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Moore |first=J.T. |title=Chemistry For Dummies |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=TRuP-BbS9xoC |edition=2 | date = 2011 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn=978-1-118-00730-3 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5869&page=161 |title=Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035 Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 9: Modeling and Simulation |publisher=[[The National Academies Press]] |last1=National Research Council |author1link=United States National Research Council |last2=Committee on Technology for Future Naval Forces | date = 1997 |location=Washington, DC |isbn=978-0-309-05928-2 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite web |last1=O'Connor |first1=J.J. |last2=Robertson |first2=E.F. |author2link=Edmund F. Robertson |title=Special Relativity |work=[[MacTutor History of Mathematics archive]] |publisher=[[University of St Andrews]] |date= Pebrero 1996a |url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Special_relativity.html |accessdate=1 Abril 2014 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite web |last1=O'Connor |first1=J.J. |last2=Robertson |first2=E.F. |author2link=Edmund F. Robertson |title=A History of Quantum Mechanics |work=[[MacTutor History of Mathematics archive]] |publisher=[[University of St Andrews]] |date= Mayo 1996b |url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/The_Quantum_age_begins.html |accessdate=1 Abril 2014 |ref=harv |archive-date=28 Oktubre 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028220722/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/The_Quantum_age_begins.html |url-status= }} * {{Cite book |last=Oerter |first=R. |title=The Theory of Almost Everything: The Standard Model, the Unsung Triumph of Modern Physics |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1KHuAAAAMAAJ | date = 2006 |publisher=[[Pi Press]] |isbn=978-0-13-236678-6 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last1=Penrose |first1=R. |author1link=Roger Penrose |last2=Shimony |first2=A. |last3=Cartwright |first3=N. |last4=Hawking |first4=S. |author4link=Stephen Hawking |title=[[The Large, the Small and the Human Mind]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] | date = 1997 |isbn=0-521-78572-3 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Penrose |first=R. |authorlink=Roger Penrose |title=[[The Road to Reality]] | date = 2004 |isbn=0-679-45443-8 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Rosenberg |first=Alex |title=Philosophy of Science |publisher=[[Routledge]] | date = 2006 |isbn=0-415-34317-8 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Schrödinger |first=E. |title=My View of the World |publisher=Ox Bow Press | date = 1983 |isbn=0-918024-30-7 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Schrödinger |first=E. |title=The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics |publisher=Ox Bow Press | date = 1995 |isbn=1-881987-09-4 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Singer |first=C. |title=A Short History of Science to the 19th Century |publisher=Streeter Press | date = 2008 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Stajic |first1=Jelena |last2=Coontz |first2=R. |last3=Osborne |first3=I. |title=Happy 100th, Superconductivity! |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2011-04-08_332_6026/page/189 |journal=Science |date=8 Abril 2011 |volume=332 |issue=6026 |page=189 |doi=10.1126/science.332.6026.189 |bibcode = 2011Sci...332..189S |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=P.L. |last2=Heinonen |first2=O. |title=A Quantum Approach to Condensed Matter Physics |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=hyx6BjEX4U8C | date = 2002 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-77827-5 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Thurston |first=H. |title=Early Astronomy |url=https://archive.org/details/earlyastronomy0000thur | date = 1994 |publisher=Springer |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Toraldo Di Francia |first=G. |title=The Investigation of the Physical World |url=https://archive.org/details/investigationofp0000tora | date = 1976 |isbn=0-521-29925-X |ref=harv}} * {{Cite web |last=Walsh |first=K.M. |title=Plotting the Future for Computing in High-Energy and Nuclear Physics |url=http://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=23098 |publisher=[[Brookhaven National Laboratory]] |accessdate=18 Oktubre 2012 |date=1 Hunyo 2012 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last1=Young |first1=H.D. |last2=Freedman |first2=R.A. | date = 2014 |edition=13th |title=[[University Physics|Sears and Zemansky's University Physics with Modern Physics Technology Update]] |publisher=[[Pearson Education]] |isbn=978-1-29202-063-1 |ref=harv}} </div> == Mga sumpay ha gawas == {{Wiktionary|physics}} {{Wikibooks|Physics}} {{Wikibooks|Physics Study Guide}} {{Wikibooks|FHSST Physics}} {{Wikisource portal|Physics}} {{Wikiversity|Category:Physics|Physics}} '''Kasahiran''' <!--Please do not post more links here, they will be taken down as link spam!!--> * [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia_of_physics Encyclopedia of Physics] at [[Scholarpedia]] * de Haas, Paul, {{Wayback|url=http://home.tiscali.nl/physis/HistoricPaper/|title=Historic Papers in Physics (20th Century)|date=20090826083339}} * [http://www.physicscentral.com/ PhysicsCentral] – Web portal run by the [http://www.aps.org/ American Physical Society] * [http://www.physics.org/ Physics.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040902123039/http://physics.org/ |date= 2 Septyembre 2004 }} – Web portal run by the [http://www.iop.org/ Institute of Physics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521010833/http://www.iop.org/ |date= 21 Mayo 2019 }} * [http://musr.physics.ubc.ca/~jess/hr/skept/ ''The Skeptic's Guide to Physics''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207124645/http://musr.physics.ubc.ca/~jess/hr/skept/ |date= 7 Pebrero 2016 }} * [http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/ Usenet Physics FAQ] – A FAQ compiled by sci.physics and other physics newsgroups * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/ Website of the Nobel Prize in physics] * [http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/ World of Physics] An online encyclopedic dictionary of physics * [http://www.nature.com/naturephysics ''Nature'': Physics] * [http://physics.aps.org/ Physics] announced 17 Hulyo 2008 by the [[American Physical Society]] * {{dmoz|/Science/Physics/Publications/|Physics/Publications}} * [http://physicsworld.com/ Physicsworld.com] – News website from [http://publishing.iop.org/ Institute of Physics Publishing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712050838/http://publishing.iop.org/ |date= 12 Hulyo 2012 }} * [http://physlib.com/ Physics Central] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624055123/http://physlib.com/ |date= 24 Hunyo 2013 }} – includes articles on astronomy, particle physics, and mathematics. * [http://www.vega.org.uk/ The Vega Science Trust] – science videos, including physics * [https://archive.org/details/JustinMorganPhysicsLightningTour/ Video: Physics "Lightning" Tour with Justin Morgan] * [http://www.learner.org/resources/series42.html 52-part video course: The Mechanical Universe...and Beyond] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322020457/http://www.learner.org/resources/series42.html |date= 22 Marso 2013 }} Note: also available at [https://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6774539130229106025 01 – Introduction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027101214/http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6774539130229106025 |date= 27 Oktubre 2012 }} at [[Google Videos]] * [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/hframe.html HyperPhysics website] – [[HyperPhysics]], a physics and astronomy mind-map from [[Georgia State University]] '''Mga organisasyon''' * [http://www.aip.org/index.html AIP.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041012041319/http://www.aip.org/index.html |date= 12 Oktubre 2004 }} – Website of the [[American Institute of Physics]] * [http://www.aps.org/ APS.org] – Website of the [[American Physical Society]] * [http://www.iop.org/ IOP.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521010833/http://www.iop.org/ |date= 21 Mayo 2019 }} – Website of the [[Institute of Physics]] * [http://planetphysics.org/ PlanetPhysics.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225121156/http://planetphysics.org/ |date= 25 Pebrero 2009 }} * [http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/ Royal Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050604075524/http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/ |date=2005-06-04 }} – Although not exclusively a physics institution, it has a strong history of physics * [http://www.spsnational.org/ SPS National] – Website of the [[Society of Physics Students]] [[Kaarangay:Fisika| ]] ckt3oosejd1rhzimw5szgv8jfkwgl85 0 2540 7790107 6227902 2026-10-24T08:51:12Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ighubad Iningles|Mathematics}} [[File:Euclid.jpg|thumb|[[Euclid]]]] [[File:Kapitolinischer Pythagoras adjusted.jpg|thumb|[[Pythagoras]]]] [[File:Maya.svg|thumb|Kanan Maya mga ihap]] An '''matematika''' amo an larangan hin kinaadman nga nanginginlabot hiton mga konsepto sugad han kadamô, kahimo, kahaluag, ngan pagbalhin, ngan amo gihapon an disiplina akademika nga nag-aaram hini. Gintawag ni Benjamin Peirce ini nga amo "an [[siyensya]] nga nakuha hin mga necesaryo nga mga konklusyon". Iba nga mga ispisyalista ha matematika nasiring nga iton matematika amo an siyensya hin ''pattern'', nga an mga matematiko namimiling hin mga ''pattern'' kon hain man ini mabibilngan, ha mga [[ihap]] o [[numero]], siysensya, kahaluag o espasyo, [[kompyuter]], ''imaginary'' nga mga ''abstraction'', o bisan diin. It mga matematiko nagdadalikyat hini nga mga konsept, agod makahimo hin mga bag-o nga mga ''conjecture'' ngan pagtukod han mga kamatuoran hini pinaagi ha ''rigorous deduction'' tikang hin mga ''chosen axiom'' ngan mga kahubad. == Pinanbasaran == {{reflist}} == Mga sumpay ha gawas == *[http://www.mathsocietyphil.org/ Mathematical Society of the Philippines] {{en icon}} *[http://www.mtgphil.org/ Mathematics Trainers' Guild of the Philippines] {{en icon}} *[http://www.pinoysudoku.ph/ Website about Sudoku in the Philippines] {{en icon}} {{Commonscat|Mathematics}} [[Kaarangay:Matematika| ]] p6htbv3sx0iqp51eu36lkhdlxw34f50 0 2541 7790103 7783693 2026-10-24T08:38:21Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + paypay, mga sumpay 7790103 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Westerner_and_Arab_practicing_geometry_15th_century_manuscript.jpg|thumb]] An '''heyometriya''' ([[Gresya|Griyego]] ''γεωμετρία''; geo = tuna, metria = sukol) nagtikang nga an pagtirok han kinaadman mahitungod han kalabotan han paglugar o espasyo o ''spatial relationships''. Usa ini han duha nga pagbahin han ugsa-han-moderno nga [[matematika|matematiko]] (an ika-duha amo an [[pag-aram]] han mga [[ihap]] o numero). Ha yana nga mga panahon, an mga konsepto nga heyometriko gin-heneralisar ngadto hin hataas nga handana hin ka-abstrakto ngan kompleksidad, ngan gin-gamitan na han mga paagi han kalkulo ngan abstrakt nga [[alhebra]], amo nga damo nga mga sanga hini nga pagtirok hin kinaadman haros diri na makilal-an nga mga nagsunod han una nga heyometriya (kitaa iton mga larangan han [[matematika]] ngan [[alhebra]]ic nga heyometriya.) ==Pinanbasaran== {{Reflist}} ==Mga pagkukuhaan== * {{cite book |last=Boyer |first=C. B. |authorlink=Carl Benjamin Boyer |title=A History of Mathematics |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmathema00boye |edition=Second edition, revised by Uta C. Merzbach |location=New York |publisher=Wiley | year = 1991 | origyear = 1989 | isbn = 0-471-54397-7 | ref = harv}} * Nikolai I. Lobachevsky, ''Pangeometry'', translator and editor: A. Papadopoulos, Heritage of European Mathematics Series, Vol. 4, European Mathematical Society, 2010. ==Padugang nga barasahon== * [[Jay Kappraff]], ''[http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/8952 A Participatory Approach to Modern Geometry]'', 2014, World Scientific Publishing, ISBN 978-981-4556-70-5. * [[Leonard Mlodinow]], ''Euclid's Window – The Story of Geometry from Parallel Lines to Hyperspace'', UK edn. Allen Lane, 1992. ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Sister project links|Geometry}} {{Wikibooks}} {{Library resources box |by=no |onlinebooks=no |others=no |about=yes |label=Geometry}} * A [[v:Geometry|geometry]] course from [[v:|Wikiversity]] * [http://www.8foxes.com/ ''Unusual Geometry Problems''] * [http://mathforum.org/library/topics/geometry/ ''The Math Forum'' — Geometry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128062957/http://mathforum.org/library/topics/geometry/ |date=2022-01-28 }} ** [http://mathforum.org/geometry/k12.geometry.html ''The Math Forum'' — K–12 Geometry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415225526/http://mathforum.org/geometry/k12.geometry.html |date=2008-04-15 }} ** [http://mathforum.org/geometry/coll.geometry.html ''The Math Forum'' — College Geometry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415055232/http://mathforum.org/geometry/coll.geometry.html |date=2008-04-15 }} ** [http://mathforum.org/advanced/geom.html ''The Math Forum'' — Advanced Geometry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416182158/http://mathforum.org/advanced/geom.html |date=2008-04-16 }} * [http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2153/version/1/ Nature Precedings — ''Pegs and Ropes Geometry at Stonehenge''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226022808/http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2153/version/1 |date=2020-02-26 }} * [http://www.math.niu.edu/~rusin/known-math/index/tour_geo.html ''The Mathematical Atlas'' — Geometric Areas of Mathematics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060906203141/http://www.math.niu.edu/~rusin/known-math/index/tour_geo.html |date=2006-09-06 }} * [http://www.gresham.ac.uk/event.asp?PageId=45&EventId=618 "4000 Years of Geometry"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071004174210/http://www.gresham.ac.uk/event.asp?PageId=45&EventId=618 |date=2007-10-04 }}, lecture by Robin Wilson given at [[Gresham College]], 3 October 2007 (available for MP3 and MP4 download as well as a text file) ** [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/geometry-finitism/ Finitism in Geometry] at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy * [http://www.ics.uci.edu/~eppstein/junkyard/topic.html The Geometry Junkyard] * [http://www.mathvisuals.com Interactive Geometry Applications (Java and Cabri 3D)] * [http://www.mathopenref.com Interactive geometry reference with hundreds of applets] * [http://math.kennesaw.edu/~mdevilli/JavaGSPLinks.htm Dynamic Geometry Sketches (with some Student Explorations)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321024112/http://math.kennesaw.edu/~mdevilli/JavaGSPLinks.htm |date=2009-03-21 }} * [http://www.khanacademy.org/?video=ca-geometry--area--pythagorean-theorem#california-standards-test-geometry Geometry classes] at [[Khan Academy]] [[Kaarangay:Heyometriya| ]] m9we8vsjo5razc7xoslrxw2h60m0z7b 0 2542 7790104 7783058 2026-10-24T08:46:40Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay 7790104 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chemicals_in_flasks.jpg|thumb]] It '''kímika''' (tikang han [[alkimiya]]) amo an [[siyensya]] hin [[materya]] han [[atom]]iko ngadto han [[molekula|molecular]] nga iskala, nga nanginginlabot han mga pagtitirok han mga atom (sugad hin mga [[molecule]], mga [[crystal]], ngan mga [[metal]]). Iton kimika nanginginlabot hiton kahimo ngan [[Estadistiká|istadistikal]] nga mga panag-iyahan hinin nga mga [[istruktura]], pat gihapon han mga pagbalyo ngan mga interaksyon hin nga nahihimo han mga materyales nga nabibilngan ha adlaw-adlaw nga panginabuhi. Sumala han moderno nga kímika, iton pisikal nga mga panag-iyahan hin mga [[materyales]] gindiditermina hiton hira istruktura ha atomiko nga iskala nga gindiditermina hiton mga panag-iyahan ngan mga [[enerhiya]] han mga interaksyon. == Mga sanga han kimika == * ''[[Kimika pisika]]'' &ndash; an pag-aram han pisikal ngan "pundamental" na basihan han mga sistema kimikal ngan it mga proseso.<ref>{{Cite journal| author = Herbst, Eric | title = Chemistry of Star-Forming Regions | journal = Journal of Physical Chemistry A | date = 12 Mayo 2005 | volume = 109 | pages = 4017–4029 | issue = 18 | doi = 10.1021/jp050461c | pmid = 16833724| bibcode = 2005JPCA..109.4017H }}</ref> ** ''[[Elektrokimika]]'' &ndash; sanga han kimika hitungod han pag-aram han mga [[reaksyon]] na nahihitabo han usa na solusyon ha [[atubang]]an han usa na "electron conductor" (an "electrode") ngan han "ionic conductor" (an "electrolyte"). ** ''Photochemistry'' &ndash; an pag-aram han mga reaksyon-kemikal na nahihitabo han "absorption" han [[lamrag]] han mga "atom" ngan "molecules". * ''[[Organiko kimika]]'' &ndash; an pag-aram han struktura, kina-iya, komposisyon, mekanismo, ngan reaksyon han "organic compound". An organic compound amo an mga "compound" na may-ada "carbon skeleton". * ''[[Kimika inorganika]]'' &ndash; an pag-aram han mga kina-iya nga mga reaksyon han mga "inorganic compounds". ==Pinanbasaran== {{Mga kasarigan}} ==Bibliograpiya== *{{Cite book |ref=harv |last1=Atkins |first1=Peter |authorlink1=Peter Atkins |last2=de Paula |first2=Julio |title=Elements of Physical Chemistry |url=https://archive.org/details/elementsofphysic0000pete_d6u3 |edition=5th | date = 2009 |origyear=1992 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-19-922672-6}} *{{Cite book |ref=harv |last1=Burrows |first1=Andrew |last2=Holman |first2=John |last3=Parsons |first3=Andrew |last4=Pilling |first4=Gwen |last5=Price |first5=Gareth |title=Chemistry³ |url=https://archive.org/details/chemistry3introd0000unse | date = 2009 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Italy |isbn=978-0-19-927789-6}} *{{Cite book |ref=harv |last1=Housecroft |first1=Catherine E. |last2=Sharpe |first2=Alan G. |title=Inorganic Chemistry |edition=3rd | date = 2008 |origyear=2001 |publisher=[[Pearson Education]] |location=Harlow, Essex |isbn=978-0-13-175553-6 |oclc= |zbl= |doi= |id=}} ==Padugang nga barasahon== {{Sister project links|Chemistry}} {{Wikiversity|chemistry|at-link=School:Chemistry|at=The School of Chemistry}} ;Popular reading * Atkins, P.W. ''Galileo's Finger'' ([[Oxford University Press]]) ISBN 0-19-860941-8 * Atkins, P.W. ''Atkins' Molecules'' (Cambridge University Press) ISBN 0-521-82397-8 * Kean, Sam. ''The Disappearing Spoon - and other true tales from the Periodic Table ''(Black Swan) London, 2010 ISBN 978-0-552-77750-6 * [[Primo Levi|Levi, Primo]] ''The Periodic Table'' (Penguin Books) [1975] translated from the Italian by Raymond Rosenthal (1984) ISBN 978-0-14-139944-7 * Stwertka, A. ''A Guide to the Elements'' (Oxford University Press) ISBN 0-19-515027-9 * {{Cite web|title=Dictionary of the History of Ideas|url=http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-04|access-date=2015-01-22|archive-date=2008-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080310214753/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-04|url-status=unfit}} ;Introductory undergraduate text books * Atkins, P.W., Overton, T., Rourke, J., Weller, M. and Armstrong, F. ''Shriver and Atkins inorganic chemistry'' (4th edition) 2006 (Oxford University Press) ISBN 0-19-926463-5 * Chang, Raymond. ''Chemistry'' 6th ed. Boston: James M. Smith, 1998. ISBN 0-07-115221-0. * {{Clayden}} * Voet and Voet ''Biochemistry'' (Wiley) ISBN 0-471-58651-X ;Advanced undergraduate-level or graduate text books * Atkins, P.W. ''Physical Chemistry'' (Oxford University Press) ISBN 0-19-879285-9 * Atkins, P.W. et al. ''Molecular Quantum Mechanics'' (Oxford University Press) * McWeeny, R. ''Coulson's Valence'' (Oxford Science Publications) ISBN 0-19-855144-4 * Pauling, L. ''The Nature of the chemical bond'' (Cornell University Press) ISBN 0-8014-0333-2 * Pauling, L., and Wilson, E. B. ''Introduction to Quantum Mechanics with Applications to Chemistry'' (Dover Publications) ISBN 0-486-64871-0 * Smart and Moore ''Solid State Chemistry: An Introduction'' (Chapman and Hall) ISBN 0-412-40040-5 * Stephenson, G. ''Mathematical Methods for Science Students'' (Longman) ISBN 0-582-44416-0 [[Kaarangay:Kimika| ]] eec5131936xlik5e36tym8msbahtzkd 0 2546 7790109 7784683 2026-10-24T09:05:22Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay, paypay 7790109 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Archaeology.rome.arp.jpg|thumb|Nag-uukab an mga arkeyologo ha [[Roma]], [[Italya]]]] An '''arkeyolohiya''' (tikang han [[Griyego nga yinaknan|Griyego]] nga mga pulong ''αρχαίος'' = kadaan ngan ''λόγος '' = pulong/yakan/discurso) amo an [[pag-aram]] hin [[Homo (genus)|katawhan]] nga mga [[kultura]] pina-agi han pagkuha, dokumentasyon, ngan pag-analisar han mga [[materyales]] nga nahabilin ngan data ha libong (''environmental data''), upod an [[arkitektura]], mga ''artifact'', mga ''biofact'', mga kabilin hin tawo, ngan lantaw han katunaan ([[Iningles]]: ''Landscape''). An mga [[ungara]] han arkeyolohiya amo an pagdokumento ngan pag-esplikar han katinikangan ngan pagpadukwag han [[kultura]] hin katawhan, pag-entyende han [[kaagi kultural]], pagsaysay han [[ebolusyon]] kultural, ngan pag-aram hin [[pamatasan]] han katawhan ngan [[ekolohiya]], para han mga sosyudad [[prehistorya|prehistoriko]] ngan sosyudad hin [[kaagi|kaagi ngan kasaysayan]]. ==Mga kasarigan== {{reflist}} {{turók}} {{Commonscat|Archaeology}} [[Kaarangay:Arkeyolohiya| ]] d4dhcsf6mv97quy8zopliksozajv4b5 0 3020 7790082 6342887 2026-10-24T07:10:08Z Harvzs 4 7790082 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Sanghiran san Binisaya ha Samar ug Leyte''' usa nga katig-uban o akademya (ha [[Winaray]]: ''sanghiran'') nga nagbandilyo ngan nagdudumara han pag-intelektwalisar han [[Winaray]] nga yinaknan. Gintukod ini han [[1909]] ni [[Norberto Romuáldez, Sr.]]. Inin sanghiran nagmantala hin mga lagda o surundon han pagsurat ngan gramatika han Winaray o Binisaya ha Samar ug Leyte. Upod han mga api nga unob hini mga manunurat sugad kanda [[Iluminado Lucente]], [[Eduardo Makabenta]], ngan [[Vicente I. de Veyra]]. Yana diri na aktibo ini nga sanghiran. {{Turok}} [[Kaarangay:Winaray]] [[Kaarangay:Kalibutan Waraynon]] om444e1avz8jbl0ew2a1kt6wh6ehfxn 0 4822 7790097 6228109 2026-10-24T08:10:03Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay 7790097 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Pierrecurie.jpg|175px|thumb|Pierre Curie]] {{ighubad Iningles}} Hi '''Pierre Curie''' ([[Mayo 15]], [[1859]], [[Paris]] – [[Abril 19]], [[1906]], Paris) usa nga [[Francia|Franses]] nga [[Físika|fisisista]] ngan pioniero ha [[pag-aram]] han [[kristalograpiya]], [[magnetismo]], piezoelectrisidad ngan [[Dunot radyoaktibo|radioactividad]]. Upod han iya Polako-Franses nga [[asawa]] nga hi [[Marie Curie|Marie]], hi Pierre gin-premyohan han [[Premyo Nobel|Nobel nga Premyo]] ha físika han [[1903]]: "ha pagkilala han extraordinaryo nga mga pag-alagad nira pina-agi han ira mga urosa nga [[panhalikwát]] han [[radyasyon]] nga fenomena nga nadiskubrehan ni Propesor [[Henri Becquerel]]." {{turók}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Curie, Pierre}} [[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1859]] [[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1906]] [[Kaarangay:Biyograpiya]] [[Kaarangay:Siyensyas Matematikas, Fisika ngan Naturales]] [[Kaarangay:Fisika]] [[Kaarangay:Fransya]] imyy6bsl197vzef32paccx9i8qoo3tj 14 7569 7790112 4725825 2026-10-24T09:15:51Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 extraction of "Konstitusyun han Pilipinas" into own article 7790112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Law}} [[Kaarangay:Siyensyas Sosyales]] kqdh21lq33hhj9h217ku7iguc1jjfdd 0 8830 7790047 6223235 2026-10-23T19:07:53Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles 7790047 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:BALUT.jpg|thumb|right|Balut]] An '''balut''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Fertilized egg'') amo an ginpakaladkaran nga [[bunay]] nga may diri pa napupurma nga pisô ha sulod. Ginkakaon an [[unod]] han mga taga-[[Salatan-Sinirangan nga Asya|Salatan-Sinirangan Asya]] sugad han taga-[[Pilipinas]], [[Cambodia]] ug [[Vietnam]]. {{Commonscat|Balut}} [[Kaarangay:Bunay (pagkaon)]] 81rc8ullf1tvrdd2s2wibfx7m7gvtd2 0 8870 7790050 7642996 2026-10-23T19:19:09Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay, Iningles 7790050 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:White-&-Brown-Eggs.jpg|thumb|Usa ka tabonon ngan busag nga bunay hit [[manok]].]] [[Paypay:Chicken Egg without Eggshell 5859.jpg|thumb|<nowiki>Usa ka hilaw nga bunay hit manok ha sakob hit iya pansulod nga putos, waray na parot tikang ha paghurom ha [[suoy]]]] An mga '''bunay''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Egg'') ginga[[gawas]] han mga [[babaye]] nga mga [[hayop]] han damo nga durudi[[lain]] nga mga species, lakip han ka[[tamsi]]han, mga [[reptilya]], mga [[ampibyan]], ngan han ka[[isda]]an, ngan ginkakaon han [[katawhan]] han pipira na ka[[yukut]] ka mga [[tuig]].<ref>Kenneth F. Kiple, ''A Movable Feast: Ten Millennia of Food Globalization'' (2007), p. 22.</ref> Iton bunay hit tamsi ngan reptilya in naglalakip hin nagpapasalipod nga parot hit buany, albumen (busag), ngan vitellus o egg yolk (pula), ngan aada ha sulod hin durudilain nga magnipis nga membrane. An kadam-an nga ginkakaon amo an bunay han [[manok]], [[pato]], [[pugo]], ngan isda, pero an bunay han manok amo an agsob ginkakaon han [[tawo]]. An [[pula hin bunay]] han bug-os nga buhay in puno hin [[protina]] ngan choline,<ref name="USDA_Food_Choline_Chart">{{Cite journal|title=USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods|url=http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/Choline/Choline.pdf|date= Marso 2004|last=Howe|first=Juliette C.|last2=Williams|first2=Juhi R.|last3=Holden|first3=Joanne M.|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture ([[USDA]])|page=10|postscript=<!--None-->|access-date= 20 Disyembre 2014|archive-date= 5 Disyembre 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205060719/http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/Choline/Choline.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> ngan in ginga[[gamit]] ha [[pagluluto]]. Tungod han sulod nga protina, an Departamento han [[Agrikultura]] han [[Estados Unidos]] in ginlakip an mga bunay ha mga [[karne]] ha sulod han [[Piramida]] han Pagtugway hit [[pagkaon]].<ref name="USDA_Home_and_Garden_no_264">{{Cite journal|title=How to Buy Eggs|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture ([[USDA]])|author=Agricultural Marketing Service|journal=Home and Garden Bulletin|page=1|issue=264|postscript=<!--None-->}}</ref> Pero bisan masustansya it bunay, mayda ginhapon ini masesering nga kadelikadohan ha [[panlawas]] tungod han kalidad han bunay, paghipos, tagsa-tagsa nga allergy ngan hitaas an iya cholesterol. Iton pagpapabunay hit manok ngan iba pa nga namumunay nga hayop in ginbubuhat ha bug-os nga [[kalibutan]], ngan an produksyon panmasa hit bunay hit manok in [[industriya]] pankalibutanon. Han 2009, ginbabanabanahan nga 62.1 milyones metric tonelada nga mga bunay in nahimo ha bug-os nga kalibutan tikang ha 6.4 bilyon nga ugang.<ref>[http://www.wattagnet.com/Outlook_for_egg_production.html] WATT Ag Net – Watt Publishing Co</ref> Mayda durudilain nga mga isyu han pagkakadurudilain han panrehiyonal nga demand ngan karuyag, ngan kanan yana mga debate hiunong han mga paagi han mass production. Gindidire han [[Unyon Europea]] han paggamit han battery husbandry han kamanokan. Ginkakaon an bunay nga ''fertilized'' ngan diri ''fertilized''. Dinhi ha [[Pilipinas]], popular an [[balut]] ngan [[penoy]]. ==Pinanbasaran== {{Mga kasarigan|colwidth=30em}} [[Kaarangay:Bunay (pagkaon)| ]] [[bcl:sugok]] 8zg2fw9atocf5ar9bw28tkc243nt8k7 0 14649 7790074 7789137 2026-10-23T21:58:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41587 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 7790074 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''patík''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Drawing'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Guhit'') <ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 280.</ref> o '''pagpatik''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Tattoo'', [[Sinugboanon]]: ''Atihan'') amo an pamagi hin pagpadamo hit teksto o imahe, kasagaran [[tinta]] ha [[papel]], nga ginagamitan hin [[makina]]. Agsub ini an guin-susurat [[pina-agi]] hin [[banit]] para maging [[pirmi]] sa [[panit]] han [[tawo]]. ==Pinanbasaran== {{reflist}} ==Padugang nga barasahon== *{{cite book | first = Gill | last = Saunders |author2=Miles, Rosie | title = Prints Now: Directions and Definitions | url = https://archive.org/details/printsnowdirecti0000saun | publisher=Victoria and Albert Museum | date = May 1, 2006 | isbn = 1-85177-480-7 }} * Lafontaine, Gerard S. (1958). ''Dictionary of Terms Used in the Paper, Printing, and Allied Industries''. Toronto: H. Smith Paper Mills. 110 p. *{{cite book | first = Alexander | last = Nesbitt | title = The History and Technique of Lettering | url = https://archive.org/details/historytechnique0000nesb | publisher=Dover Books | year = 1957 }} *{{cite book | last = Steinberg | first = S.H. | title = Five Hundred Years of Printing | url = https://archive.org/details/fivehundredyears00stei_0 | location = London and Newcastle | publisher=The British Library and Oak Knoll Press | year = 1996 }} *{{cite book | last = Gaskell | first = Philip | title = A New Introduction to Bibliography | location = Winchester and Newcastle | publisher=St Paul's Bibliographies and Oak Knoll Press | year = 1995 }} *[[Elizabeth L. Eisenstein]], ''The Printing Press as an Agent of Change'', Cambridge University Press, September 1980, Paperback, 832 pages, ISBN 0-521-29955-1 *[[Marshall McLuhan]], ''The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man'' (1962) Univ. of Toronto Press (1st ed.); reissued by Routledge & Kegan Paul ISBN 0-7100-1818-5 *Tam, Pui-Wing ''The New Paper Trail'', ''The Wall Street Journal Online'', February 13, 2006 Pg.R8 *{{Cite journal |last=Tsien|first=Tsuen-Hsuin|series=Joseph Needham, Science and Civilisation in China, Chemistry and Chemical Technology |volume= 5 part 1|title=Paper and Printing|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1985 |ref=harv |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}} *Woong-Jin-Wee-In-Jun-Gi No. 11 Jang Young Sil by Baek Sauk Gi. Copyright 1987 Woongjin Publishing Co., Ltd. Pg. 61. *{{Cite journal | first = Joseph | last = Moxon | title = Mechanick Exercises on the Whole Art of Printing | date= 1683-84 | edition = ed. Herbert Davies & Harry Carter. New York: Dover Publications, 1962, reprint | postscript = <!--None--> | ref = harv }} *{{Cite journal | first = Caleb | last = Stower | title =The Printer's Grammar | year= 1808 | edition = London: Gregg Press, 1965, reprint | postscript = <!--None--> | ref = harv }} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Wikiquote}} {{Wiktionary}} {{Commons category|Printing}} *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/94303/rec/1 Prints & People: A Social History of Printed Pictures], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF) *[http://www.hss.ed.ac.uk/chb Centre for the History of the Book] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624072331/http://www.hss.ed.ac.uk/chb/ |date=2008-06-24 }} *[http://www.childrenofthecode.org/Tour/c5/davinci.htm Children of the Code – Online Video: The DNA of Science, The Alphabet and Printing] *[http://www.planet-typography.com/directory/histoire.html Planet Typography – history of printing] – selection of international sites dedicated to the history of printing *[http://www.gain.net Printing Industries of the Americas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824121828/http://www.gain.net/ |date=2019-08-24 }} – national trade association for printers and companies in the graphic arts *[http://printwiki.org/ Printwiki] *[http://www.gutenberg-museum.de/index.php?id=19&language=e The development of book and printing]. English website of the Gutenberg-Museum Mainz (Germany) *[http://www.bpsnet.org.uk BPSnet British Printing Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201161645/http://www.bpsnet.org.uk/ |date=2015-02-01 }} *[http://www.culture.tw/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1964&Itemid=157 Taiwan Culture Portal: Ri Xing Type Foundry－ preserving the true character of Chinese type] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524122807/http://www.culture.tw/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1964&Itemid=157 |date=2011-05-24 }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150202031124/http://digitalcollections.library.ubc.ca/cdm/landingpage/collection/mathison A collection of printing materials from the 19th Century] – Documents printed by R. Mathison Jr., The Job Printer, in Vancouver, B.C. - UBC Library Digital Collections *[http://www.printmuseum.org/ International Printing Museum, Carson, California, Web site] *[http://www.museumofprinting.org/ Museum of Printing, Andover, MA, Web site] [[Kaarangay:Teknolohiya]] tgqdbogpdzsckuuf0bz1opqhi0lpauk 0 14658 7790067 7775442 2026-10-23T20:18:29Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Batasan hin tawo 7790067 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Edouard Manet - Le Suicidé.jpg|thumb]] An '''unay'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 415.</ref>, '''pag-unay'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 262.</ref>, '''hikog'''<ref name="Abuyen, Tomas A. 2000. p 117">Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 117.</ref>, '''paghikog'''<ref name="Abuyen, Tomas A. 2000. p 117"/> o '''pag[[pakamatay]]'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 261.</ref> amo an tinuyo nga pag-utod ha kalugaringon nga kinabuhi; danay pag-[[utud]] han kalugaringon han iba nga kinabuhi danay na[[sarit]] danay diri; an pag-[[pusil]] ha kalugaringon han kalugaringon nga [[himu]] nga [[pusil]]; an pag-[[hikug]] han kalugaringon nga mamatay [[tungud]] han [[minna]] nga ma[[tarum]] nga [[puthau]] nganag[[himu]] hin [[higut]] ; pag-[[luksu]] tikang ha hitaas para mamatay kay diri na-[[sabut]] han [[tungtung]]/[[rapadapa]] ; an [[bulaw]] == Pinanbasaran == {{reflist}} ==Dugang nga barasahon== {{Library resources box}} {{Sister project links|display=Suicide}} *{{cite book |author=Gambotto, Antonella |title=[[The Eclipse: A Memoir of Suicide]] |publisher=Broken Ankle Books |location=Australia |year=2004 |isbn=0-9751075-1-8}} *{{Cite book|title=Suicide in Nazi Germany |first=Christian |last=Goeschel |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=0-19-953256-7 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=EIjccRg7_UYC&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5 |ref=harv}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== *{{DMOZ|Health/Mental_Health/Disorders/Suicide}} *{{cite book|title=Preventing suicide: a global imperative.|date=2014|publisher=WHO|isbn=9789241564779|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/131056/1/9789241564779_eng.pdf?ua=1&ua=1}} [[Kaarangay:Batasan hin tawo]] f0p5e53shwnxn9ueo7gb4ics9gf2280 0 14662 7790060 7788262 2026-10-23T20:00:55Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles, mga sumpay 7790060 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Human skeleton front.svg|right|thumb|kalabera han tawo]] An '''kalabera'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 154.</ref> o '''kalansay''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Skeleton'') amo an [[matig-a]] nga [[istruktura]] nga nagsusuporta han mga buhi nga butang. Ha mga [[mammalia]], an kalabera amo an pinagsumpay nga mga [[bukog]]. == Pinanbasaran == {{reflist}} == Mga sumpay ha gawas == {{Commons category|Skeletal system}} {{Wikibooks|Anatomy and Physiology of Animals|The Skeleton}} *[http://www.human-body.org/skeletal.html Skeletal, Bones and cartilage in great detail] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603234109/http://www.human-body.org/skeletal.html |date=2013-06-03 }} Human Body Skeleton, Bones and cartilage. [[Kaarangay:Lawas]] ds1xv1h2f9wq8vlpwnfyasz03kl6dxj 0 14878 7790076 7770364 2026-10-23T23:35:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41587 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 7790076 wikitext text/x-wiki Iton '''pan-uuripon''' in usa ka legal o sistema pan-ekonomiya ha ilarom kun diin into tawo in gintatrato komo butang.<ref>{{cite book|author=Laura Brace|title=The Politics of Property: Labour, Freedom and Belonging|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=osZnIiqDd4sC&pg=PA162|accessdate=31 Mayo 2012| date = 2004|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-1535-3|pages=162–}}</ref> Bisan pa man iton mga balaod ngan mga sistema in nagkakadurudilaindain, komo butang, iton mga uripon in puyde mapalit ngan mabaligya. Iton mga uripon in puydi kapton tikang ha takna han ira pagkadakop, pagpalit o pagkatawo, ngan gintatanggalan hin katungod magbaya, magdiri hit pagtrabaho o mag-aro hin suhol. Ha kasaysayan, iton pan-uuripon in ginkikilala han mga institusyon han kadam-an nga sosyudad; ngan ha mas bag-o nga panahon, iton pan-uuripon in gindidire na han balaod ha ngatanan nga mga nasod, pero napadayon la gihapon ini ha buhat tungod han pagkautang, serfdom, suruguon ha panimalay nga ginpipriso, pipira nga mga pag-ampon kun diin an mga kabataan in napipiritan magtrabaho komo mga uripon, mga bata nga sundalo, ngan pinirit nga pag-asawa.<ref name="modernslavery">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/slavery/modern/modern_2.shtml |title=Religion & Ethics – Modern slavery: Modern forms of slavery |publisher=BBC |date=30 Enero 2007 |accessdate=16 Hunyo 2009}}</ref> An pan-uuripon in opisyal nga diri legal ha ngatanan nga mga nasod, pero may-ada la gihapon ginbabanabanahan nga 20 milyos hangtod 36 milyones nga mga uripon ha bug-os nga kalibutan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/12/slaverys-global-comeback/266354/|title=Slavery's Global Comeback |work=The atlantic|date=19 Disyembre 2012}}</ref><ref name=WFF>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalslaveryindex.org/category/press-release/|title=INAUGURAL GLOBAL SLAVERY INDEX REVEALS MORE THAN 29 MILLION PEOPLE LIVING IN SLAVERY|work=Global Slavery Index 2013|date=4 Oktubre 2013|accessdate=17 Oktubre 2013|archive-date=7 Abril 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407232555/http://www.globalslaveryindex.org/category/press-release/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-30080578|title=Almost 36m people live in modern slavery - report |work=BBC|date=17 Nobyembre 2014|accessdate=17 Nobyembre 2014}}</ref> An Mauritania an pinakakataposan nga hurisdiksyon nga opisyal nga gindidiri han balaod an pan-uuripon (ha 1981/2007), pero mga 10% o 20% han iya popyulasyon in ginbabanabanahan nga nabubuhi hin pagkauripon.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6938032.stm | work=BBC News | title=Mauritanian MPs pass slavery law | date=9 Agosto 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://edition.cnn.com/interactive/2012/03/world/mauritania.slaverys.last.stronghold/index.html | work=CNN | title=Slavery's last stand - CNN.com}}</ref> May-da na pan-uuripon san-o pa an sinurat nga kasaysayan ngan ini in may-ada ha kadam-an nga mga kultura.<ref name="Slavery">"[http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24156 Historical survey: Slave-owning societies]". ''Encyclopædia Britannica. ''</ref> Kadam-an han mga uripon ha pagkayana in uripon ha utang, labi na ha Salatan Asya, nga nagpapailarom tungod han utang han mga nangungutang, danay naabot pa bisan hin pipira nga henerasyon.<ref name="newint">{{cite web|url=http://www.newint.org/issue337/facts.htm|title=Slavery in the 21st century|publisher=Newint.org|accessdate=29 Agosto 2010|archive-date=27 Mayo 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527095857/http://www.newint.org/issue337/facts.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> An human trafficiking in panguna nga gingagamit hin pagpipirit han mga kababayin-an ngan kabataan ngadto ha industriya han sex.<ref name="voa">{{cite web|url=http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/a-13-2009-05-15-voa30-68815957.html|title=Experts encourage action against sex trafficking|publisher=Voice of America|date=15 Mayo 2009|accessdate=29 Agosto 2010|archive-date=25 Abril 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425050954/http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/a-13-2009-05-15-voa30-68815957.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Pinanbasaran== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Bibliograpiya ngan padugang nga barasahon== ===Surveys and reference=== * Bales, Kevin, ''Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy'' (1999) * Campbell, Gwyn, Suzanne Miers, and Joseph C. Miller, eds. ''Women and Slavery. Volume 1: Africa, the Indian Ocean World, and the Medieval Atlantic''; ''Women and Slavery. Volume 2: The Modern Atlantic'' (2007) * {{cite encyclopedia |last= Davies |first= Stephen |authorlink= |editor-first=Ronald |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-link=Ronald Hamowy |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |title= Slavery, World |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC |accessdate= |edition= | date = 2008 |publisher= [[SAGE Publications|SAGE]]; [[Cato Institute]] |location= Thousand Oaks, California |id= |isbn= 978-1-4129-6580-4 |oclc=750831024| lccn = 2008009151 |pages=464–9 |quote= |ref= }} * Davis, David Brion. ''The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770-1823'' (1999) * Davis, David Brion. ''[[The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture]]'' (1988) * Drescher, Seymour. ''Abolition: A History of Slavery and Antislavery'' (2009) highly regarded history of slavery and its abolition, worldwide * Finkelman, Paul, ed. ''Encyclopedia of Slavery'' (1999) * Gordon, M. ''Slavery in the Arab World'' (1989) * Greene, Jacqueline. ''Slavery in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia'', (2001), ISBN 0-531-16538-8 * Joseph, Celucien L. Race, Religion, and The Haitian Revolution: Essays on Faith, Freedom, and Decolonization (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2012) * Joseph, Celucien L. From Toussaint to Price-Mars: Rhetoric, Race, and Religion in Haitian Thought (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2013) * [[K. S. Lal|Lal, K. S.]] ''[http://www.voi.org/books/mssmi/ Muslim Slave System in Medieval India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512073030/http://voi.org/books/mssmi/ |date=2008-05-12 }}'' (1994) ISBN 81-85689-67-9 * Miers, Suzanne, and Igor Kopytoff, eds. ''Slavery In Africa: Historical & Anthropological Perspectives'' (1979) * Morgan, Kenneth. ''Slavery and the British Empire: From Africa to America'' (2008) * Postma, Johannes. ''The Atlantic Slave Trade'', (2003) * Rodriguez, Junius P., ed., ''The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery'' (1997) * Rodriguez, Junius P., ed. ''Slavery in the United States: A Social, Political, and Historical Encyclopedia'' (2007) * [[Robert Carl-Heinz Shell|Shell, Robert Carl-Heinz]] ''Children Of Bondage: A Social History Of The Slave Society At The Cape Of Good Hope, 1652–1813'' (1994) * Westermann, William Linn ''The Slave Systems of Greek and Roman Antiquity'' (1955), ISBN 0-87169-040-3 ; Uncited sources * Hogendorn, Jan and Johnson Marion: The Shell Money of the Slave Trade. African Studies Series 49, [[Cambridge University Press]], Cambridge, 1986. * ''The Slavery Reader'', ed. by Rigas Doganis, Gad Heuman, James Walvin, Routledge 2003 ; United States * Baptist, Edward E. ''The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism.'' Basic Books (2014). ISBN 046500296X * Berlin, Ira. ''Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America'' (1999), most important recent survey * Blackmon, Douglas A. ''Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II'' Doubleday (23 Marso 2008), ISBN 0-385-50625-2 ISBN 978-0-385-50625-0 * Boles, John. ''Black Southerners: 1619–1869'' (1983) brief survey * [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=25779117 Engerman, Stanley L. ''Terms of Labor: Slavery, Serfdom, and Free Labor'' (1999)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625071233/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=25779117 |date=2012-06-25 }} * [[Eugene D. Genovese|Genovese Eugene D.]] ''Roll, Jordan Roll'' (1974), classic study ** Richard H. King, "Marxism and the Slave South", ''American Quarterly'' 29 (1977), 117–31, a critique of Genovese * [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5002427959 Escott, Paul D. "Remembering Slavery: African Americans Talk about Their Personal Experiences of Slavery and Freedom" ''Journal of Southern History'', Vol. 67, 2001] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525054957/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5002427959 |date=2012-05-25 }} * Mintz, S. ''[http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/slav_fact.cfm Slavery Facts & Myths] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209215003/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/slav_fact.cfm |date=2014-02-09 }}'', Digital History * [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=6641514 Parish, Peter J. ''Slavery: History and Historians'' (1989)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525054948/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=6641514 |date=2012-05-25 }} * [[Ulrich Bonnell Phillips|Phillips, Ulrich B.]] ''American Negro Slavery: A Survey of the Supply, Employment and Control of Negro Labor as Determined by the Plantation Regime'' (1918; paperback reprint 1966), southern white perspective * Phillips, Ulrich B. ''Life and Labor in the Old South'' (1929) * Sellers, James B. ''Slavery in Alabama'' (1950). * Sydnor, Charles S. ''Slavery in Mississippi'' (1933) * Stamp, Kenneth M. ''The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South'' (1956), a rebuttal of U B Philipps * {{cite encyclopedia |last= Trenchard |first= David |authorlink= |editor-first=Ronald |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-link=Ronald Hamowy |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |title= Slavery in America |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC |accessdate= |edition= | date = 2008 |publisher= [[SAGE Publications|SAGE]]; [[Cato Institute]] |location= Thousand Oaks, California |id= |isbn= 978-1-4129-6580-4 |oclc=750831024| lccn = 2008009151 |pages=469–70 |quote= |ref= }} * [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=105900244 Vorenberg, Michael. ''Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment'' (2001)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525054940/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=105900244 |date=2012-05-25 }} * Weinstein, Allen, Frank O. Gatell, and Lewis Sarasohn, eds., ''American Negro Slavery: A Modern Reader'', third ed. (1978) ; Slavery in the modern era * Jesse Sage and Liora Kasten, ''Enslaved: True Stories of Modern Day Slavery'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2008 ISBN 978-1-4039-7493-8 * Tom Brass, Marcel van der Linden, and Jan Lucassen, ''Free and Unfree Labour''. Amsterdam: International Institute for Social History, 1993 * Tom Brass, ''Towards a Comparative Political Economy of Unfree Labour: Case Studies and Debates'', London and Portland, OR: Frank Cass Publishers, 1999. 400 pages. * Tom Brass and Marcel van der Linden, eds., ''Free and Unfree Labour: The Debate Continues'', Bern: Peter Lang AG, 1997. 600 pages. A volume containing contributions by all the most important writers on modern forms of unfree labour. * Kevin Bales, ''Disposable People. New Slavery in the Global Economy'', Revised Edition, [[University of California Press]] 2004, ISBN 0-520-24384-6 * Kevin Bales (ed.), ''Understanding Global Slavery Today. A Reader'', University of California Press 2005, ISBN 0-520-24507-5 * Kevin Bales, ''Ending Slavery: How We Free Today's Slaves'', University of California Press 2007, ISBN 978-0-520-25470-1. * Mende Nazer and Damien Lewis, ''Slave: My True Story'', ISBN 1-58648-212-2. Mende is a [[Nuba]], captured at 12 years old. She was granted [[Right of asylum|political asylum]] by the [[Government of the United Kingdom|British government]] in 2003. * Gary Craig, Aline Gaus, Mick Wilkinson, Klara Skrivankova and Aidan McQ&shy; e (2007). [http://www.jrf.org.uk/bookshop/eBooks/2016-contemporary-slavery-UK.pdf Contemporary slavery in the UK: Overview and key issues] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614012656/http://www.jrf.org.uk/bookshop/eBooks/2016-contemporary-slavery-UK.pdf |date=2007-06-14 }}, [[Rowntree trusts|Joseph Rowntree Foundation]]. ISBN 978-1-85935-573-2. * David Hawk, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf The Hidden Gulag - Slave Labor Camps in North Korea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313045221/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |date=2015-03-13 }}'', Washington DC: Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, ISBN 0-615-62367-0 * [http://www.somalymamfoundation.org/ Somaly Mam Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208134138/http://www.somalymamfoundation.org/ |date=2017-02-08 }} * Thomas Sowell, ''The Real History of Slavery'', in: ''Black Rednecks and White Liberals'', San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2005. ISBN 978-1-59403-086-4. ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons}} {{Wiktionary}} {{Wikiquote}} {{NIE Poster| date = 1905}} ===Historical=== * [http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/slavery/ Slavery Resource Guide, from the Library of Congress] * [http://library.uncg.edu/slavery/ Digital Library on American Slavery] * [http://www.africanholocaust.net/ African Holocaust] * [http://www.marial.emory.edu/exhibitions/dream/intro.html Emory and Oxford College] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718224733/http://www.marial.emory.edu/exhibitions/dream/intro.html |date=2011-07-18 }} * [http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/slav_fact.cfm Slavery Fact Sheets, Digital History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209215003/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/slav_fact.cfm |date=2014-02-09 }} * [http://www.pdavis.nl/Background.htm#WAS The West African Sqron and slave trade] * [http://www.pbs.org/wnet/slavery/ Slavery – PBS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006014112/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/slavery/ |date=2009-10-06 }} * [http://school.discoveryeducation.com/schooladventures/slavery/ Understanding Slavery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326073920/http://school.discoveryeducation.com/schooladventures/slavery/ |date=2010-03-26 }} * [http://www.history.com/topics/slavery Slavery] * [http://www.slaverymuseum.co.uk/ Slavery Museum. Great Britain.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316161536/http://www.slaverymuseum.co.uk/ |date=2012-03-16 }} * [http://www.ull.ac.uk/specialcollections/archives/slaveryarchivesources.shtml Archives on slavery held by the University of London] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716144749/http://ull.ac.uk/specialcollections/archives/slaveryarchivesources.shtml |date=2012-07-16 }} * [http://www.memoirestbarth/EN/ Mémoire St Barth (archives & history of slavery, slave trade and their abolition)]{{Dead link|date=December 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}, Comité de Liaison et d'Application des Sources Historiques. * [http://www.archieven.nl/nl/zoeken?miview=inv2&mivast=0&mizig=210&miadt=239&micode=20&milang=nl#inv3t0 Archives of the Middelburgsche Commercie Compagnie (MCC) 'Trade Company of Middelburg'] (Inventory of the archives of the Dutch slave trade across the Atlantic) ===Modern=== * [http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/8337,news-comment, news-politics, modern-slavery Modern Slavery]{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} - slideshow by ''[[The First Post]]'' * [http://www.pbs.org/wnet/slavery/ Slavery – PBS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006014112/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/slavery/ |date=2009-10-06 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181224213000/http://www.globalslaveryindex.org/ Walk Free Foundation – Global Slavery Index 2013 | Explore the Index] [[Kaarangay:Pan-uuripon]] 8qxs9xc0bnq362m0tdk9btw9ckl6dio 0 15152 7790007 7789730 2026-10-23T16:45:52Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles, Kaarangay:Rusya 7790007 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Emblem of CIS.svg|thumbnail|Tatak Buhatan han Komonwelt han mga Talwas nga mga Estado]] [[Paypay:Flag of the CIS.svg|thumbnail|Bandera han Komonwelt han mga Talwas nga mga Estado]] An '''Komonwelt han mga Talwas nga mga Estado''' ([[Rinusyan]]: ''Содружество Независимых Государств, СНГ''; [[Iningles]]: ''Commonwealth of Independent States, CIS'') usa ka rehiyonal nga katig-uban nga an mga sakop amo an mga [[nasod]] han hadto nga republika Sovyet. ==Pinanbasaran== {{Reflist}} == Mga sumpay ha gawas == {{Commons category}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201219161227/http://www.cis.minsk.by/ CIS Executive Committee] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110207125534/http://cisstat.com/ Interstate Statistical Committee of the CIS] * [http://www.therussiasite.org/legal/laws/CIScharter.html Charter of the CIS] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20060720174729/http://www.therussiasite.org/legal/laws/CIScharter.html |date=2006-07-20 }} * [http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=309&language_id=1 PINR - C.I.S. Struggles for Cohesion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060220183358/http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=309&language_id=1 |date=2006-02-20 }} * [http://home.globalcustodian.com/newsshow.do?newsid=26824 RZB Outlook For Commonwealth Of Independent States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130319171104/http://home.globalcustodian.com/newsshow.do?newsid=26824 |date=2013-03-19 }} * [http://www.foodsec.org/web/regional/europe/overview/en/ Food Security in Caucasus and Republic of Moldova (FAO)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810031016/http://www.foodsec.org/web/regional/europe/overview/en/ |date=2013-08-10 }} * Kembayev, Zhenis. [http://www.springer.com/law/international/book/978-3-540-87651-9?changeHeader Legal Aspects of the Regional Integration Processes in the Post-Soviet Area. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 2009] (summary and sample pages). * [http://belarusdigest.com/story/belarus-leads-cis-2013-12531 Belarus Leads The CIS In 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623113800/http://belarusdigest.com/story/belarus-leads-cis-2013-12531 |date=2013-06-23 }} [[Kaarangay:Rusya]] ehth32iuubvbx1en89m5i0fmhk0g9na 0 17506 7790021 7782288 2026-10-23T17:20:58Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles 7790021 wikitext text/x-wiki An mga '''tubák'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 393. </ref> '''tigasaw''', o '''haromigas'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''DICTIONARY English Waray-Waray/Tagalog.''' National Book Store. Mandaluyong City. ISBN 971-08-6529-3. Tuig 2005. Pakli Ihap 21.</ref> ([[Iningles]]: ''Ant'') amo an mga nagkakaurusa nga mga [[mananap]] tikang han banay Formicidae, kaupod an mga [[lapinig]] ngan mga [[bubuyog]], mga sakop hira han orden Hymenoptera. Hamtik naman an tawag sa tigasaw na baga.{{Taxobox | name = Formicidae | status = | image = Meat eater ant feeding on honey02.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Hymenoptera]] | familia = '''Formicidae''' | genus = | species = | binomial = Formicidae | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Vespoidea]] | synonyms = }} An '''Formicidae''' (''Formicidae'')<ref name = "COL"/> in uska [[familia]] han [[Hymenoptera]]. An Formicidae in nahilalakip ha [[familia]] nga [[Vespoidea]], [[ordo]] nga [[Hymenoptera]], [[classis]] nga [[Insecta]], [[punoan]] nga [[Arthropoda]], ngan [[regnum]] nga [[Animalia]].<ref name = "COL"/> An [[familia]] nga Formicidae in naglalakip hin 10212 ka mga species, sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>. ==Ilarom nga taxa<ref name = "COL"/>== * ''[[Acanthognathus]]'' * ''[[Acanthomyops]]'' * ''[[Acanthomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Acanthoponera]]'' * ''[[Acanthostichus]]'' * ''[[Acromyrmex]]'' * ''[[Acropyga]]'' * ''[[Adelomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Adetomyrma]]'' * ''[[Adlerzia]]'' * ''[[Aenictogiton]]'' * ''[[Aenictus]]'' * ''[[Afroxyidris]]'' * ''[[Agraulomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Agroecomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Alloformica]]'' * ''[[Allomerus]]'' * ''[[Amblyopone]]'' * ''[[Ameghinoia]]'' * ''[[Ancyridris]]'' * ''[[Anergates]]'' * ''[[Aneuretellus]]'' * ''[[Aneuretus]]'' * ''[[Anillidris]]'' * ''[[Anillomyrma]]'' * ''[[Anisopheidole]]'' * ''[[Ankylomyrma]]'' * ''[[Anochetus]]'' * ''[[Anomalomyrma]]'' * ''[[Anonychomyrma]]'' * ''[[Anoplolepis]]'' * ''[[Antichthonidris]]'' * ''[[Aphaenogaster]]'' * ''[[Aphomomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Apomyrma]]'' * ''[[Apterostigma]]'' * ''[[Archaeopone]]'' * ''[[Archimyrmex]]'' * ''[[Archiponera]]'' * ''[[Armania]]'' * ''[[Armaniella]]'' * ''[[Asphinctanilloides]]'' * ''[[Asphinctopone]]'' * ''[[Asymphylomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Atopomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Atta]]'' * ''[[Attopsis]]'' * ''[[Aulacopone]]'' * ''[[Axinidris]]'' * ''[[Azteca]]'' * ''[[Baikuris]]'' * ''[[Bajcaridris]]'' * ''[[Baracidris]]'' * ''[[Bariamyrma]]'' * ''[[Basiceros]]'' * ''[[Belonopelta]]'' * ''[[Blepharidatta]]'' * ''[[Bondroitia]]'' * ''[[Bothriomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Brachymyrmex]]'' * ''[[Bradoponera]]'' * ''[[Bregmatomyrma]]'' * ''[[Calomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Calyptomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Camponotites]]'' * ''[[Camponotus]]'' * ''[[Cardiocondyla]]'' * ''[[Carebara]]'' * ''[[Carebarella]]'' * ''[[Cariridris]]'' * ''[[Casaleia]]'' * ''[[Cataglyphis]]'' * ''[[Cataulacus]]'' * ''[[Centromyrmex]]'' * ''[[Cephalomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Cephalotes]]'' * ''[[Cerapachys]]'' * ''[[Chalepoxenus]]'' * ''[[Cheliomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Chimaeridris]]'' * ''[[Chimaeromyrma]]'' * ''[[Cladomyrma]]'' * ''[[Colobostruma]]'' * ''[[Concoctio]]'' * ''[[Creightonidris]]'' * ''[[Crematogaster]]'' * ''[[Cretomyrma]]'' * ''[[Cretopone]]'' * ''[[Cryptopone]]'' * ''[[Cylindromyrmex]]'' * ''[[Cyphoidris]]'' * ''[[Cyphomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Dacatria]]'' * ''[[Dacetinops]]'' * ''[[Daceton]]'' * ''[[Decamorium]]'' * ''[[Dendromyrmex]]'' * ''[[Diacamma]]'' * ''[[Dicroaspis]]'' * ''[[Dilobocondyla]]'' * ''[[Dinoponera]]'' * ''[[Diplomorium]]'' * ''[[Discothyrea]]'' * ''[[Dlusskyidris]]'' * ''[[Doleromyrma]]'' * ''[[Dolichoderus]]'' * ''[[Dolichomyrma]]'' * ''[[Dolioponera]]'' * ''[[Doronomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Dorylus]]'' * ''[[Dorymyrmex]]'' * ''[[Drymomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Echinopla]]'' * ''[[Eciton]]'' * ''[[Ecphorella]]'' * ''[[Ectatomma]]'' * ''[[Elaeomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Electromyrmex]]'' * ''[[Electroponera]]'' * ''[[Emeryopone]]'' * ''[[Emplastus]]'' * ''[[Enneamerus]]'' * ''[[Eocenidris]]'' * ''[[Eoformica]]'' * ''[[Eomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Eotapinoma]]'' * ''[[Epelysidris]]'' * ''[[Epimyrma]]'' * ''[[Epopostruma]]'' * ''[[Eucharis]]'' * ''[[Eucryptocerus]]'' * ''[[Eulithomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Euprenolepis]]'' * ''[[Eurhopalothrix]]'' * ''[[Eutetramorium]]'' * ''[[Forelius]]'' * ''[[Forelophilus]]'' * ''[[Formica]]'' * ''[[Formicium]]'' * ''[[Formicoxenus]]'' * ''[[Froggattella]]'' * ''[[Gesomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Gigantiops]]'' * ''[[Glaphyromyrmex]]'' * ''[[Gnamptogenys]]'' * ''[[Goniomma]]'' * ''[[Harpagoxenus]]'' * ''[[Harpegnathos]]'' * ''[[Heteroponera]]'' * ''[[Huberia]]'' * ''[[Hylomyrma]]'' * ''[[Hypopomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Hypoponera]]'' * ''[[Ilemomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Imhoffia]]'' * ''[[Indomyrma]]'' * ''[[Ireneopone]]'' * ''[[Iridomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Ishakidris]]'' * ''[[Kartidris]]'' * ''[[Kotshkorkia]]'' * ''[[Kyromyrma]]'' * ''[[Labidus]]'' * ''[[Lachnomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Lasiophanes]]'' * ''[[Lasius]]'' * ''[[Lenomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Lepisiota]]'' * ''[[Leptanilla]]'' * ''[[Leptanilloides]]'' * ''[[Leptogenys]]'' * ''[[Leptomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Leptomyrmula]]'' * ''[[Leptothorax]]'' * ''[[Leucotaphus]]'' * ''[[Linepithema]]'' * ''[[Liometopum]]'' * ''[[Liomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Lonchomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Lophomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Lordomyrma]]'' * ''[[Loweriella]]'' * ''[[Machomyrma]]'' * ''[[Manica]]'' * ''[[Mayriella]]'' * ''[[Megalomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Melissotarsus]]'' * ''[[Melophorus]]'' * ''[[Meranoplus]]'' * ''[[Mesostruma]]'' * ''[[Messor]]'' * ''[[Metapone]]'' * ''[[Mianeuretus]]'' * ''[[Microdaceton]]'' * ''[[Miomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Monomorium]]'' * ''[[Mycetarotes]]'' * ''[[Mycetophylax]]'' * ''[[Mycetosoritis]]'' * ''[[Mycocepurus]]'' * ''[[Myopias]]'' * ''[[Myopopone]]'' * ''[[Myrcidris]]'' * ''[[Myrmecia]]'' * ''[[Myrmecina]]'' * ''[[Myrmecocystus]]'' * ''[[Myrmecorhynchus]]'' * ''[[Myrmelachista]]'' * ''[[Myrmica]]'' * ''[[Myrmicaria]]'' * ''[[Myrmicocrypta]]'' * ''[[Myrmoteras]]'' * ''[[Mystrium]]'' * ''[[Neivamyrmex]]'' * ''[[Nomamyrmex]]'' * ''[[Noonilla]]'' * ''[[Nothidris]]'' * ''[[Nothomyrmecia]]'' * ''[[Nothomyrmica]]'' * ''[[Notoncus]]'' * ''[[Notostigma]]'' * ''[[Ochetellus]]'' * ''[[Ochetomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Octostruma]]'' * ''[[Ocymyrmex]]'' * ''[[Odontomachus]]'' * ''[[Odontoponera]]'' * ''[[Oecophylla]]'' * ''[[Oligomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Onychomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Opisthopsis]]'' * ''[[Orectognathus]]'' * ''[[Overbeckia]]'' * ''[[Oxyepoecus]]'' * ''[[Oxyidris]]'' * ''[[Oxyopomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Pachycondyla]]'' * ''[[Paedalgus]]'' * ''[[Paleosminthurus]]'' * ''[[Papyrius]]'' * ''[[Parameranoplus]]'' * ''[[Paraneuretus]]'' * ''[[Paraphaenogaster]]'' * ''[[Paraponera]]'' * ''[[Paraprionopelta]]'' * ''[[Paratopula]]'' * ''[[Paratrechina]]'' * ''[[Perissomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Peronomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Petalomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Petraeomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Petropone]]'' * ''[[Phacota]]'' * ''[[Phalacromyrmex]]'' * ''[[Phasmomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Phaulomyrma]]'' * ''[[Pheidole]]'' * ''[[Pheidologeton]]'' * ''[[Philidris]]'' * ''[[Phrynoponera]]'' * ''[[Pilotrochus]]'' * ''[[Pityomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Plagiolepis]]'' * ''[[Platythyrea]]'' * ''[[Plectroctena]]'' * ''[[Podomyrma]]'' * ''[[Poecilomyrma]]'' * ''[[Pogonomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Polyergus]]'' * ''[[Polyrhachis]]'' * ''[[Ponera]]'' * ''[[Ponerites]]'' * ''[[Poneropsis]]'' * ''[[Poneropterus]]'' * ''[[Prenolepis]]'' * ''[[Prionomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Prionopelta]]'' * ''[[Pristomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Proatta]]'' * ''[[Probolomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Proceratium]]'' * ''[[Procryptocerus]]'' * ''[[Prodimorphomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Proformica]]'' * ''[[Prolasius]]'' * ''[[Promyrmicium]]'' * ''[[Protalaridris]]'' * ''[[Protaneuretus]]'' * ''[[Protanilla]]'' * ''[[Protazteca]]'' * ''[[Protoformica]]'' * ''[[Protomognathus]]'' * ''[[Protopone]]'' * ''[[Protrechina]]'' * ''[[Psalidomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Pseudaphomomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Pseudarmania]]'' * ''[[Pseudoatta]]'' * ''[[Pseudocamponotus]]'' * ''[[Pseudolasius]]'' * ''[[Pseudomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Pseudonotoncus]]'' * ''[[Pyramica]]'' * ''[[Recurvidris]]'' * ''[[Rhopalomastix]]'' * ''[[Rhopalomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Rhopalothrix]]'' * ''[[Rhoptromyrmex]]'' * ''[[Rhytidoponera]]'' * ''[[Rogeria]]'' * ''[[Romblonella]]'' * ''[[Rossomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Rostromyrmex]]'' * ''[[Rotastruma]]'' * ''[[Santschiella]]'' * ''[[Scyphodon]]'' * ''[[Secostruma]]'' * ''[[Sericomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Sicilomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Simopelta]]'' * ''[[Simopone]]'' * ''[[Solenopsis]]'' * ''[[Sphecomyrma]]'' * ''[[Sphinctomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Stegomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Stenamma]]'' * ''[[Stereomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Stigmacros]]'' * ''[[Stigmomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Stiphromyrmex]]'' * ''[[Streblognathus]]'' * ''[[Strongylognathus]]'' * ''[[Strumigenys]]'' * ''[[Syntaphus]]'' * ''[[Talaridris]]'' * ''[[Tapinoma]]'' * ''[[Tatuidris]]'' * ''[[Technomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Teleutomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Terataner]]'' * ''[[Teratomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Tetheamyrma]]'' * ''[[Tetramorium]]'' * ''[[Tetraponera]]'' * ''[[Thaumatomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Trachymyrmex]]'' * ''[[Tranopelta]]'' * ''[[Tricytarus]]'' * ''[[Turneria]]'' * ''[[Typhlomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Wasmannia]]'' * ''[[Willowsiella]]'' * ''[[Vollenhovia]]'' * ''[[Vombisidris]]'' * ''[[Xenomyrmex]]'' * ''[[Yavnella]]'' * ''[[Zacryptocerus]]'' * ''[[Zherichinius]]'' ==Galeriya hin mga ritrato== <gallery> File:2012-10-20 Ameisenhaufen Formicidae anagoria.JPG File:2012-10-20 ant hill formicidae anagoria.JPG File:2013 Naturkundemuseum myrmica rubra laevinodis, periphyllus aceris anagoria.JPG File:2013-07-01 19-17-28-Aphidoidea.jpg File:2013-07-27 19-24-47-Formicidae.jpg File:2013-07-27 19-24-52-Formicidae.jpg </gallery> ==Pinanbasaran== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/formicidae/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> </references> ==Padugang nga barasahon== {{refbegin}} * {{cite book|author=Bolton, Barry|publisher=Harvard University Press| date = 1995|isbn=978-0-674-61514-4|title=A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/newgeneralcatalo0000bolt}} * {{cite book|author=Hölldobler B, Wilson EO| date = 1998|title=Journey to the Ants: A Story of Scientific Exploration|url=https://archive.org/details/journeytoants00holl|publisher=Belknap Press|isbn=0-674-48526-2}} * {{cite book|author=Hölldobler B, Wilson EO| date = 1990|title=[[The Ants]]|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-3-540-52092-4}} * {{cite book|author=Hölldobler B, Wilson EO| date = 2009|title=The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance and Strangeness of Insect Societies|url=https://archive.org/details/superorganismbea0000holl|publisher=Norton & Co.|isbn=978-0-393-06704-0}} {{refend}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Wikiquote}} {{Commons category|Formicidae}} {{Wikispecies|Formicidae}} * [http://www.antweb.org/ AntWeb from The California Academy of Sciences] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027044504/http://www.antweb.org/ |date=2014-10-27 }} * [http://antbase.org/ AntBase&nbsp;– a taxonomic database with literature sources] * [http://www.antwiki.org/wiki/Welcome_to_AntWiki AntWiki&nbsp;– Bringing Ants to the World] * [http://www.pestworld.org/pest-guide/ants/ Ant Species Fact Sheets] from the [[National Pest Management Association]] on Argentine, Carpenter, Pharaoh, Odorous, and other ant species * [http://www.antwiki.org/wiki/Category:Genus_Distribution_Map Ant Genera of the World&nbsp;– distribution maps] * [http://www.botanical-dermatology-database.info/BotDermReviews/Myrmecophytes.html The super-nettles. A dermatologist's guide to ants-in-the-plants] [[kaarangay:mananap]] 57zbk6escr0vtf0qlfool8jt6n29bqv 0 17507 7790018 7748972 2026-10-23T17:14:49Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles 7790018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Culicidae | status = | image = Culex pipiens 2007-1.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Diptera]] | familia = '''Culicidae''' | genus = | species = | binomial = Culicidae | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | synonyms = }} [[File:AnophelesGambiaemosquito.jpg|thumb]] An mga '''lamok''' o '''namok''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Mosquito'') amo an nanlulupad nga mananap nga tikang ha banay Culicidae. An '''Culicidae'''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska [[familia]] han [[Diptera]]. An Culicidae in nahilalakip ha [[ordo]] nga [[Diptera]], [[classis]] nga [[Insecta]], [[punoan]] nga [[Arthropoda]], ngan [[regnum]] nga [[Animalia]].<ref name = "COL"/> An [[familia]] nga Culicidae in naglalakip hin 3684 ka mga species, sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>. ==Ilarom nga taxa<ref name = "COL"/>== * ''[[Aedeomyia]]'' * ''[[Aedes]]'' * ''[[Anopheles]]'' * ''[[Armigeres]]'' * ''[[Ayurakitia]]'' * ''[[Bironella]]'' * ''[[Borichinda]]'' * ''[[Chagasia]]'' * ''[[Coquillettidia]]'' * ''[[Culex]]'' * ''[[Culiseta]]'' * ''[[Deinocerites]]'' * ''[[Eretmapodites]]'' * ''[[Ficalbia]]'' * ''[[Galindomyia]]'' * ''[[Haemagogus]]'' * ''[[Heizmannia]]'' * ''[[Hodgesia]]'' * ''[[Isostomyia]]'' * ''[[Johnbelkinia]]'' * ''[[Kimia]]'' * ''[[Limatus]]'' * ''[[Lutzia]]'' * ''[[Malaya]]'' * ''[[Mansonia]]'' * ''[[Maorigoeldia]]'' * ''[[Mimomyia]]'' * ''[[Onirion]]'' * ''[[Opifex]]'' * ''[[Orthopodomyia]]'' * ''[[Psorophora]]'' * ''[[Runchomyia]]'' * ''[[Sabethes]]'' * ''[[Shannoniana]]'' * ''[[Tipula]]'' * ''[[Topomyia]]'' * ''[[Toxorhynchites]]'' * ''[[Trichoprosopon]]'' * ''[[Tripteroides]]'' * ''[[Udaya]]'' * ''[[Uranotaenia]]'' * ''[[Verrallina]]'' * ''[[Wyeomyia]]'' * ''[[Zeugnomyia]]'' ==Galeriya hin mga imahe== <gallery> Aedes aegypti E-A-Goeldi 1905.jpg Anopheles Culex larvae feeding position-USDA.jpg </gallery> ==Pinanbasaran== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/culicidae/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> </references> {{reflist}} ==Padugang nga barasahon== {{refbegin}} * Brunhes, J.; Rhaim, A.; Geoffroy, B.; Angel, G.; Hervy, J. P. ''Les Moustiques de l'Afrique mediterranéenne'' French/English. Interactive identification guide to mosquitoes of North Africa, with database of information on morphology, ecology, epidemiology, and control. Mac/PC Numerous illustrations. IRD/IPT [12640] 2000 CD-ROM. ISBN 2-7099-1446-8 *{{cite book |author=Davidson, Elizabeth W. |title=Pathogenesis of invertebrate microbial diseases |url=https://archive.org/details/pathogenesisofin0000unse |publisher=Allanheld, Osmun |location=Montclair, N. J. | date = 1981 |isbn=0-86598-014-4 }} *{{cite journal |author=Jahn, G. C., Hall, D. W. & Zam, S. G. |title=A comparison of the life cycles of two ''Amblyospora'' (Microspora: Amblyosporidae) in the mosquitoes ''Culex salinarius'' and ''Culex tarsalis'' Coquillett |journal=Journal of the Florida Anti-Mosquito Association |volume=57 |pages=24–27 | date = 1986}} *{{cite journal |author=Kale, H. W., II. |title=The relationship of purple martins to mosquito control |journal=[[The Auk]] |volume=85 |issue= 4|pages=654–661 | date = 1968 |jstor=4083372 |url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v085n04/p0654-p0661.pdf |format=PDF |doi=10.2307/4083372}} {{refend}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{wiktionary}} {{commons category|Culicidae}} {{Wikispecies|Culicidae}} {{Wikivoyage|Mosquitoes}} * {{dmoz|Science/Biology/Flora_and_Fauna/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Mosquitoes/}} * [http://insects.entomology.wisc.edu/Diptera/Culicidae/index.html Mosquitoes of Wisconsin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516204108/http://insects.entomology.wisc.edu/diptera/culicidae/index.html |date=2008-05-16 }} * [http://mosquito.ifas.ufl.edu/ Mosquito Information Website] * [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/fasulo/vector/chapter_03.htm Mosquitoes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220150543/http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/fasulo/vector/chapter_03.htm |date=2019-12-20 }} chapter in [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] National Public Health Pesticide Applicator Training Manual * {{Internet Archive film clip|id=life_cycle_of_the_mosquito|description= describing The Life Cycle of the Mosquito}} *[http://www.pestworld.org/pest-guide/stingingbiting-insects/mosquitoes/ Mosquito Fact Sheet] highlights prevention tips as well as information on habits, habitat and health threats [[Kaarangay:Culicidae]] ms1osot6akuxgxqd11q4k1qxre8v7jm 7790027 7790018 2026-10-23T17:28:23Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mananap 7790027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Culicidae | status = | image = Culex pipiens 2007-1.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Diptera]] | familia = '''Culicidae''' | genus = | species = | binomial = Culicidae | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | synonyms = }} [[File:AnophelesGambiaemosquito.jpg|thumb]] An mga '''lamok''' o '''namok''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Mosquito'') amo an nanlulupad nga mananap nga tikang ha banay Culicidae. An '''Culicidae'''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska [[familia]] han [[Diptera]]. An Culicidae in nahilalakip ha [[ordo]] nga [[Diptera]], [[classis]] nga [[Insecta]], [[punoan]] nga [[Arthropoda]], ngan [[regnum]] nga [[Animalia]].<ref name = "COL"/> An [[familia]] nga Culicidae in naglalakip hin 3684 ka mga species, sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>. ==Ilarom nga taxa<ref name = "COL"/>== * ''[[Aedeomyia]]'' * ''[[Aedes]]'' * ''[[Anopheles]]'' * ''[[Armigeres]]'' * ''[[Ayurakitia]]'' * ''[[Bironella]]'' * ''[[Borichinda]]'' * ''[[Chagasia]]'' * ''[[Coquillettidia]]'' * ''[[Culex]]'' * ''[[Culiseta]]'' * ''[[Deinocerites]]'' * ''[[Eretmapodites]]'' * ''[[Ficalbia]]'' * ''[[Galindomyia]]'' * ''[[Haemagogus]]'' * ''[[Heizmannia]]'' * ''[[Hodgesia]]'' * ''[[Isostomyia]]'' * ''[[Johnbelkinia]]'' * ''[[Kimia]]'' * ''[[Limatus]]'' * ''[[Lutzia]]'' * ''[[Malaya]]'' * ''[[Mansonia]]'' * ''[[Maorigoeldia]]'' * ''[[Mimomyia]]'' * ''[[Onirion]]'' * ''[[Opifex]]'' * ''[[Orthopodomyia]]'' * ''[[Psorophora]]'' * ''[[Runchomyia]]'' * ''[[Sabethes]]'' * ''[[Shannoniana]]'' * ''[[Tipula]]'' * ''[[Topomyia]]'' * ''[[Toxorhynchites]]'' * ''[[Trichoprosopon]]'' * ''[[Tripteroides]]'' * ''[[Udaya]]'' * ''[[Uranotaenia]]'' * ''[[Verrallina]]'' * ''[[Wyeomyia]]'' * ''[[Zeugnomyia]]'' ==Galeriya hin mga imahe== <gallery> Aedes aegypti E-A-Goeldi 1905.jpg Anopheles Culex larvae feeding position-USDA.jpg </gallery> ==Pinanbasaran== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/culicidae/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> </references> {{reflist}} ==Padugang nga barasahon== {{refbegin}} * Brunhes, J.; Rhaim, A.; Geoffroy, B.; Angel, G.; Hervy, J. P. ''Les Moustiques de l'Afrique mediterranéenne'' French/English. Interactive identification guide to mosquitoes of North Africa, with database of information on morphology, ecology, epidemiology, and control. Mac/PC Numerous illustrations. IRD/IPT [12640] 2000 CD-ROM. ISBN 2-7099-1446-8 *{{cite book |author=Davidson, Elizabeth W. |title=Pathogenesis of invertebrate microbial diseases |url=https://archive.org/details/pathogenesisofin0000unse |publisher=Allanheld, Osmun |location=Montclair, N. J. | date = 1981 |isbn=0-86598-014-4 }} *{{cite journal |author=Jahn, G. C., Hall, D. W. & Zam, S. G. |title=A comparison of the life cycles of two ''Amblyospora'' (Microspora: Amblyosporidae) in the mosquitoes ''Culex salinarius'' and ''Culex tarsalis'' Coquillett |journal=Journal of the Florida Anti-Mosquito Association |volume=57 |pages=24–27 | date = 1986}} *{{cite journal |author=Kale, H. W., II. |title=The relationship of purple martins to mosquito control |journal=[[The Auk]] |volume=85 |issue= 4|pages=654–661 | date = 1968 |jstor=4083372 |url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v085n04/p0654-p0661.pdf |format=PDF |doi=10.2307/4083372}} {{refend}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{wiktionary}} {{commons category|Culicidae}} {{Wikispecies|Culicidae}} {{Wikivoyage|Mosquitoes}} * {{dmoz|Science/Biology/Flora_and_Fauna/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Mosquitoes/}} * [http://insects.entomology.wisc.edu/Diptera/Culicidae/index.html Mosquitoes of Wisconsin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516204108/http://insects.entomology.wisc.edu/diptera/culicidae/index.html |date=2008-05-16 }} * [http://mosquito.ifas.ufl.edu/ Mosquito Information Website] * [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/fasulo/vector/chapter_03.htm Mosquitoes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220150543/http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/fasulo/vector/chapter_03.htm |date=2019-12-20 }} chapter in [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] National Public Health Pesticide Applicator Training Manual * {{Internet Archive film clip|id=life_cycle_of_the_mosquito|description= describing The Life Cycle of the Mosquito}} *[http://www.pestworld.org/pest-guide/stingingbiting-insects/mosquitoes/ Mosquito Fact Sheet] highlights prevention tips as well as information on habits, habitat and health threats [[Kaarangay:Culicidae]] [[Kaarangay:Mananap]] bjaii7h74j8oiu4zh61qenueyi2za84 0 17609 7790075 7788905 2026-10-23T22:03:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41587 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 7790075 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Beccaria - Dei delitti e delle pene - 6043967 A.jpg|thumb|[[Cesare Beccaria]], ''Dei delitti e delle pene'']] An '''pagsirot hin kamatayon''' (Ingles: ''Capital punishment'' o ''death penalty'') in usa ka legal nga pamaagi kun diin it usa ka tawo in ginpapapatay han estado komo usa nga pagsirot han usa ka krimen. An judicial decree nga it usa ka tawo in ginsisirotan hini nga pamaagi in usa ka sentensya hin kamatayon, samtang an pagbuhat gud hini in usa nga execution. An mga krimen nga nagreresulta hin pagsirot hin kamatayon in ginkikilala komo capital crimes o capital offenses. An termino nga capital in nagtikang ha Latin nga capitalis, nga may kasirigngon "hiunong han ulo" (natudlok ha pagbitay hin pagpugot).<ref name=KronenwetterP202>{{Harvnb|Kronenwetter|2001|p=202}}</ref> An pagsirot hit kamatayon, ha mga naglabay, in ginbubuhat han kadam-an nga sosyudad, komo usa ka pagsirot hit mga kriminal, ngan mga disidente han politika o relihiyon. Ha kasaysayan, an pagbuhat hit sentensya hin kamatayon in agsob may lakip nga pagkastigo, ngan it pagbitay in agsob ginbubuhat ha publiko.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/execution/readings/history.html |title=Readings - History Of The Death Penalty &#124; The Execution &#124; FRONTLINE |publisher=PBS |accessdate=11 Pebrero 2014}}</ref> Ha pagkayana, may-ada 58 nga mga nasud in aktibo nga nagbubuhat hin pagsirot hin kamatayon, 98 nga mga nasod in de jure nga diri na ginpapatuman para han ngatanan nga mga krimen, 7 an diri na ginpapatuman para han mga yano nga krimen la (ginpapadayon la liwat para hit mga pinaurog nga mga sala sugad hin krimen ha gyera), ngan 35 an de facto nga waray na nagpatuman (waray gumamit hini ha diri maubos hit napulo ka mga tuig ngan/o nagpapailarom ha moratoryum).<ref name="Amnesty International">{{cite web|url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/death-penalty/abolitionist-and-retentionist-countries|title=Abolitionist and retentionist countries|publisher=Amnesty International|accessdate=23 Agosto 2010|archive-date=15 Pebrero 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215102820/http://www.amnesty.org/en/death-penalty/abolitionist-and-retentionist-countries|url-status=dead}}</ref> An Amnesty International in nag-aasoy nga kadam-an nga mga nasud in mga abolisyonista; ha ngatanan, ini nga katig-uban in nag-aasoy nga 140 ka mga nasod in abolisyonista ha balaod o pagpatuman.<ref name="Amnesty International"/> Ginbabanabanahan nga 90% han ngatanan nga pagbitay ha kalibutan in nahihitabo ha Asya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tnp.no/norway/panorama/4100-university-of-oslo-norway-calls-world-universities-against-death-penalty |title=University of Oslo Calls World Universities against Death Penalty - The Nordic Page - Panorama |publisher=Tnp.no |date=5 Disyembre 2011 |accessdate=11 Pebrero 2014 |archive-date=2016-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324220129/http://www.tnp.no/norway/panorama/4100-university-of-oslo-norway-calls-world-universities-against-death-penalty |url-status= }}</ref> Haros ngatanan nga mga nasod ha kalibutan in gindidire an pagbitay hit mga indibiduwal kun an edad in diri pa naabot hit 18 anyos ha takna han pagbuhat han ira mga krimen; tikang 2009, Iran, Saudi Arabia ngan Sudan la an nagpapabilin nga nagbubuhat hiton nga mga pagbitay.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web|url=http://www.hrw.org/news/2010/10/09/iran-saudi-arabia-sudan-end-juvenile-death-penalty |title=Iran, Saudi Arabia, Sudan: End Juvenile Death Penalty &#124; Human Rights Watch |publisher=Hrw.org |date=9 Oktubre 2010 |accessdate=11 Pebrero 2014}}</ref> Iton nga klase hiton pagbitay in gindidire ha ilarom han balaodnon pankanasoran.<ref name="autogenerated3"/> Iton pagsirot hin kamatayon in nagdadara hin aktibo nga kontrobersya ha durudilain nga mga nasod ngan mga estado, ngan an mga posisyon hinin in puyde magkakadurudilaindain bisan ha sakob hin usa nga ideolohiya politikal o rehiyon kultural. Ha sakob han Unyon Europeo nga mga api nga estado, an Artikulo 2 han Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union in gindidiri an paggamit hit pagsirot hin kamatayon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/pdf/text_en.pdf|title=Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union|format=PDF|accessdate=23 Agosto 2010}}</ref> An Konseho han Europa, nga may-ada 47 nga mga api nga estado, in gindidire liwat an paggamit hin pagsirot hin kamatayon han ira mga miyembro. An United Nations General Assembly in nagpadig-on, ha mga tuig 2007, 2008 ngan 2010, hin diri-nagkakahigotan nga mga resolusyon nga nagtatawag para han usa ka kalibutanon moratoryum hin mga pagbitay, nga may-ada panlantaw hin kadayunan nga abolisyon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=24679&Cr=general&Cr1=assembly|title=moratorium on the death penalty|publisher=United Nations|date=15 Nobyembre 2007|accessdate=23 Agosto 2010}}</ref> Bisan damo na mga nasod in diri na nagpapatuman hin pagsirot hin kamatayon, labaw hit 60% han kanan kalibutan katawhan in molupyo ha mga nasod kun diin it mga pagbitay in nanhihitabo, sugad han Kanan Katawhan Republika han Tsina, Indya, Estados Unidos han Amerika ngan Indonesia, upat ha may gidadamoi nga katawhan nga mga nasod ha kalibutan, nga nagpapadayon la gihapon hin paggamit hit pagsirot hin kamatayon (pero ha India, Indonesia ngan ha damo nga mga estado han Estados Unidos, ini in talagsaon la nga ginbubuhat). Ngatanan ini nga upat nga mga nasud in nagbotos kontra han mga resolusyon han General Assembly.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/FH13Df03.html|title=Asia Times Online – The best news coverage from South Asia|work=Asia Times|date=13 Agosto 2004|accessdate=23 Agosto 2010|archive-date=27 Mayo 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527150149/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/FH13Df03.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldcoalition.org/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=325&sel_lang=english|title=Coalition mondiale contre la peine de mort – Indonesian activists face upward death penalty trend – Asia – Pacific – Actualités|publisher=Worldcoalition.org|accessdate=23 Agosto 2010}}{{Dead link|date=May 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.egovmonitor.com/node/24280|title=No serious chance of repeal in those states that are actually using the death penalty|publisher=Egovmonitor.com|date=25 Marso 2009|accessdate=23 Agosto 2010|archive-date=28 Septyembre 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928054754/http://www.egovmonitor.com/node/24280|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://www.mercurynews.com/news/ci_11889244?nclick_check=1 AG Brown says he'll follow law on death penalty]</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/02/24/lawmakers-cite-economic-crisis-effort-ban-death-penalty/|title=Lawmakers Cite Economic Crisis in Effort to Ban Death Penalty|publisher=Fox News Channel|date=7 Abril 2010|accessdate=23 Agosto 2010|archive-date=2011-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108022442/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/02/24/lawmakers-cite-economic-crisis-effort-ban-death-penalty/|url-status=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2009/03/14/america/death.php|title=death penalty is not likely to end soon in US|work=International Herald Tribune|date=29 Marso 2009|accessdate=23 Agosto 2010|archive-date=16 Marso 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316003328/http://www.iht.com/articles/2009/03/14/america/death.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://axisoflogic.com/artman/publish/article_28839.shtml|title=Death penalty repeal unlikely says anti-death penalty activist|publisher=Axisoflogic.com|accessdate=23 Agosto 2010|archive-date=2011-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707202401/http://axisoflogic.com/artman/publish/Article_28839.shtml|url-status=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://media.www.thelantern.com/media/storage/paper333/news/2009/05/06/Campus/A.New.Texas.Ohios.Death.Penalty.Examined-3736956.shtml|title=A new Texas? Ohio's death penalty examined – Campus|publisher=Media.www.thelantern.com|accessdate=23 Agosto 2010|archive-date=2 Hunyo 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602131935/http://media.www.thelantern.com/media/storage/paper333/news/2009/05/06/Campus/A.New.Texas.Ohios.Death.Penalty.Examined-3736956.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fidh.org/THE-DEATH-PENALTY-IN-JAPAN|title=THE DEATH PENALTY IN JAPAN-FIDH > Human Rights for All / Les Droits de l'Homme pour Tous|publisher=Fidh.org|accessdate=23 Agosto 2010}}</ref> ==Kasaysayan== [[File:Auguste Vaillant execution.jpg|thumb|upright|Hi anarkista [[Auguste Vaillant]] ginbitay pinaagi han guillotine ha Fransya ha 1894]] [[File:BNMsFr2643FroissartFol97vExecHughDespenser.jpg|thumb|[[Hanged, drawn and quartered]]: an pagpatay kan [[Hugh Despenser nga Burubata]], nga ginpakita ha [[Froissart of Louis of Gruuthuse (BnF Fr 2643-6)|Froissart ni Louis han Gruuthuse]]]] An pagbitay hin mga kriminal ngan kaaway pulitka in gingamit han haros ngatanan nga mga sosyudad- para han pagsirot han krimen ngan pagpugong hin pan-ato ha pulitika. Ha kadam-an ng amga nasod nga nagbubuhat hin pagsirot hin kamatayon ginrereserba ini para han pagpatay, pagespiya, treason, o kalakip hin hustisya militar. Ha pipira nga mga nasod han krimen seksuwal, sugad hin rape, pangangaliwa, incest ngan sodomy, in nagdadara hin pagsirot hin kamatayon, sugad liwat han mga krimen panrelihiyon sugad han apostasy ha mga nasod Islamiko (an pormal nga paglikay han relihiyon han estado). Ha kadam-an nga mga nasod nga nagamit hin pagsirot hin kamatayon, an drug trafficking in usa liwat nga capital offense. Ha Tsina, an human trafficking ngan mga seryoso nga kaso hin korapsyon in ginsisirotan hin pagsirot hin kamatayon. Ha mga militar palibot ha kalibutan, an mga court martial in nagpapataw hin pagsirot hin kamatayon para han mga sala sugad han pagkakagaon, pagbaya, insubordination ngan mutiny.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shotatdawn.org.uk/|title=Shot at Dawn, campaign for pardons for British and Commonwealth soldiers executed in World War I|accessdate=20 Hulyo 2006|publisher=Shot at Dawn Pardons Campaign|archive-date=4 Oktubre 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004030535/http://www.shotatdawn.org.uk/|url-status=dead}}</ref> An paggamit hin pormal nga pagbitay hin nagtikang pa han katikangan han sinurat nga kasaysayan. Kadam-an han makasaysayan nga mga record ngan durudilain nga primitibo nga binuhatan han mga tribo in nagpapakita nga an pagsirot hin kamatayon in bahin han ira sistema panhustisya. An mga pagsirot han komunidad para han nagkasala in agsob naglalakip hin pagbayad han nakasala, paglamba, pag-iwas ha pag-atubang, pagpalayas ngan pagbitay. Agsob, iton pagbayad ngan pag-iwas ha pag-atubang in puydi na para han ira hustisya.<ref>So common was the practice of compensation that the word ''murder'' is derived from the French word ''mordre'' (bite) a reference to the heavy compensation one must pay for causing an unjust death. The "bite" one had to pay was used as a term for the crime itself: "Mordre wol out; that se we day by day." – [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] (1340–1400), [[The Canterbury Tales]], ''The Nun's Priest's Tale,'' l. 4242 (1387–1400), repr. In ''The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer'', ed. Alfred W. Pollard, et al. (1898).</ref> An pagbaton han krimen nga ginbuhat han sapit ng amga tribo o kumunidad in agsob naglalakip hin pormal nga pag-aro hin pasaylo, pagbayad o madugo nga bulos-bulosay. Iton madugo nga bulos-bulosay in nahihitabo kun an pag-aayos ha butnga han mga banay o tribo napakyas o waray didto an sistema hin pag-aayos. Ini nga porma hin hustisya in agsob nabubuhat san-o an pagkamayda hin sistema hin pag-aayos nga nakabase ha estado o organisado nga relihiyon. Ini in puyde magresulta tikang ha krimen, diri pagkakaarasya ha tuna, o usa ka kodigo hin dungog. "Iton mga pagbuhat hin pagbulos in nagpapakita hin kapas han katawhan han sosyudad nga lugaring nga makaato ngan magpakita ha mga kaaway (sugad liwat han mga bangin magin batos sunod) nga an pagpakasala han mga butang, mga katungod o ha tawo in diri magpapabilin nga waray pag-sirot."<ref>Translated from Waldmann, ''op.cit.'', p. 147.</ref> Pero, an nahihitabo, agsob makuri masabtan kun ini in usa ka gera hin pagbulos ngan kun ini in usa ka konkista. Pipira nga makasaysayan nga penalidad in naglalakip han breaking wheel, pagpakaladkad kutob ha kamatayon, pagpapanit, hinay hinay nga pagtiros, pagtanggal han organo pansulod, krusipiksyon, pagtusok o pagbuno, pagpisa (lakip han pagpisa han elepante), pagbatak hin bato, pagsunog, pagtatanggal han bahin han lawas, pagsurotso, pagpugot, escafismo, pagkwekwentas hin nasusunog nga goma o pagpabuto sapit han ganggang han kanyon. [[File:Jean-Léon Gérôme - The Christian Martyrs' Last Prayer - Walters 37113.jpg|thumb|left|''The Christian Martyrs' Last Prayer'', ni [[Jean-Léon Gérôme]] (1883). [[Coliseo]] [[Imperyo Romano|Romano]].]] ==Pinanbasaran== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Dugang nga barasahon== {{refbegin|30em}} * Curry, Tim. "[http://www.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/13/3curry.pdf Cutting the Hangman’s Noose: African Initiatives to Abolish the Death Penalty] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720121914/http://www.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/13/3curry.pdf |date=2012-07-20 }}." () [[American University]] [[Washington College of Law]]. * {{Cite book|last=Gaie|first=Joseph B. R| date = 2004|title=The ethics of medical involvement in capital punishment : a philosophical discussion|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=FaUNdNuVjJYC&lpg=PP1&dq=Capital%20punishment&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true|publisher=Kluwer Academic|isbn=1-4020-1764-2|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Johnson|first=David T.|title=The Next Frontier: National Development, Political Change, and the Death Penalty in Asia| date = 2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-533740-2|url=http://books.google.co.th/books/about/The_next_frontier.html?id=nZY8E6n-JAAC&redir_esc=y|author2=Zimring, Franklin E.}} * {{Cite book|last=Kronenwetter|first=Michael|edition=2nd| date = 2001|title=Capital punishment: a reference handbook|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=SOiuzOv061EC&lpg=PP1&dq=Capital%20punishment&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=1-57607-432-3|ref=harv}} * MacLean, Colonel French L. ''The Fifth Field: The Story of the 96 American Soldiers Sentenced to Death and Executed in Europe and North Africa in World War II'', 2013, Schiffer Publishing, ISBN 9780764345777. * {{Cite book|last=McCafferty|first=James A| date = 2010|title=Capital Punishment|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=n8P0BYf62wAC&lpg=PP1&dq=Capital%20punishment&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true|publisher=AldineTransaction|isbn=978-0-202-36328-8|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book|last=Mandery|first=Evan J|authorlink=Evan Mandery| date = 2005|title=Capital punishment: a balanced examination|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=KPIf6dPJ_jQC&lpg=PP1&dq=Capital%20punishment&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true|publisher=Jones and Bartlett Publishers|isbn=0-7637-3308-3|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book|last=Marzilli|first=Alan|edition=2nd| date = 2008|title=Capital Punishment – Point-counterpoint|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=nlOU4fUaiV8C&lpg=PP1&dq=Capital%20punishment&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true|publisher=Chelsea House|isbn=978-0-7910-9796-0|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book|last=Woolf|first=Alex| date = 2004|title=World issues – Capital Punishment|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=U3McAciWdWYC&lpg=PA1&dq=Capital%20punishment&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=true|publisher=Chrysalis Education|isbn=1-59389-155-5|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book|last=Simon|first=Rita| date = 2007|title=A comparative analysis of capital punishment : statutes, policies, frequencies, and public attitudes the world over|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=tpmQDVdv3UgC&lpg=PP1&dq=Capital%20punishment&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=0-7391-2091-3|ref=harv}} {{refend}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== * [http://usliberals.about.com/od/deathpenalty/i/DeathPenalty.htm About.com's Pros & Cons of the Death Penalty and Capital Punishment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060118091735/http://usliberals.about.com/od/deathpenalty/i/DeathPenalty.htm |date=2006-01-18 }} * [http://www.clarkprosecutor.org/html/links/dplinks.htm 1000+ Death Penalty links all in one place] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623170238/http://www.clarkprosecutor.org/html/links/dplinks.htm |date=2016-06-23 }} * [http://www.capitaldefenseweekly.com/ Updates on the death penalty generally and capital punishment law specifically] * [http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/stat/executedoffenders.htm Texas Department of Criminal Justice: list of executed offenders and their last statements] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108150222/http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/stat/executedoffenders.htm |date=2006-11-08 }} *[http://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/index.cfm Death Penalty Worldwide:] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113215756/http://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/index.cfm |date=2013-11-13 }} Akademyahon panhalikwat nga database han mga balaod, iginbubuhat, ngan mga estadistika han pagsirot hin kamatayon para han kada pagsirot hin kamatayon ha kalibutan. * [http://www.answers.com/topic/capital-punishment Answers.com entry on capital punishment] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/tvradio/programmes/horizon/broadband/tx/executions/ "How to Kill a Human Being"], [[Horizon (BBC TV series)|BBC Horizon]] Dokyumentaryo nga taramdan ha TV, 2008 * [http://www.megalaw.com/top/deathpenalty.php U.S. and 50 State death penalty/capital punishment law and other relevant links] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614135521/http://www.megalaw.com/top/deathpenalty.php |date=2006-06-14 }} Megalaw * Duha nga dokyumentaryo audio hiunong han pagbitay ha Estados Unidos: [http://soundportraits.org/on-air/witness_to_an_execution/ Witness to an Execution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070102134352/http://www.soundportraits.org/on-air/witness_to_an_execution/ |date=2007-01-02 }} [http://soundportraits.org/on-air/execution_tapes/ The Execution Tapes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070118082741/http://www.soundportraits.org/on-air/execution_tapes/ |date=2007-01-18 }} ===Nantitipa=== * [http://www.worldcoalition.org World Coalition Against the Death Penalty] * [http://www.deathwatchinternational.org Death Watch International] Hugpo hin nangangampanya kontra Pagsirot hin Kamatayon * [http://www.nodeathpenalty.org Campaign to End the Death Penalty] * [http://www.antideathpenalty.org Anti-Death Penalty Information]: naglalakip hin binulan nga lista para han tiarabot nga mga pagbitay ngan estadistika hin pagsirot hin kamatayon para han Estados Unidos. * [http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org The Death Penalty Information Center]: Impormasyon ngan mga pag-aram hiunong han Estadistika * [http://www.amnesty.org/en/death-penalty Amnesty International – Abolish the death penalty Campaign] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218120607/http://www.amnesty.org/en/death-penalty |date=2015-02-18 }}: Organisasyon hin Katungod Pantawo * [http://ec.europa.eu/comm/external_relations/human_rights/adp/ European Union]: Impormasyon han mga polisiya han kontra pagsirot hin kamatayon * [http://www.ipsnews.net/new_focus/deathpenalty/index.asp IPS Inter Press Service] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061024192722/http://www.ipsnews.net/new_focus/deathpenalty/index.asp |date=2006-10-24 }} Kanasoran sumat hin Pagsirot hin kamatayon * [http://www.deathpenalty.org/ Death Penalty Focus]: Hugpo hin Amerikano nga nanginginkamot mapawara an pagsirot hin kamatayon * [http://www.reprieve.org/ Reprieve.org]: United States based volunteer program for foreign lawyers, students, and others to work at death penalty defense offices * [http://www.aclu.org/DeathPenalty/DeathPenaltyMain.cfm American Civil Liberties Union] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051115041404/http://www.aclu.org/DeathPenalty/DeathPenaltyMain.cfm |date=2005-11-15 }}: Nagdedemanda hin Moratoryum para han Pagsirot hin Kamatayon * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210410151215/http://www.ncadp.org/ National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty] * [http://www.nswccl.org.au/issues/death_penalty/index.php NSW Council for Civil Liberties] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091008164153/http://www.nswccl.org.au/issues/death_penalty/index.php |date=2009-10-08 }}: usa ka Australiano nga organisasyon nga natipa han Pagsirot hin Kamatayon ha rehiyon Asya * [http://www.thesomnambulist.org/2008/01/winning-a-war-on-terror-eliminating-the-death-penalty Winning a war on terror: eliminating the death penalty] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100506030411/http://www.thesomnambulist.org/2008/01/winning-a-war-on-terror-eliminating-the-death-penalty/ |date=2010-05-06 }} * [http://pennreview.com/2011/12/electric-chair-at-sing-sing Electric Chair at Sing Sing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706190224/http://pennreview.com/2011/12/electric-chair-at-sing-sing/ |date=2015-07-06 }}, usa ka litrato kinuha ha tuig 1900 ni William M. Vander Weyde, may lakip nga siday ni [[Jared Carter]]. ===Nan-uuyon=== * [http://off2dr.com/modules/cjaycontent/index.php?id=21 The REAL Death Penalty in the US: A Review] * [http://www.cjlf.org/deathpenalty/dpdeterrencefull.htm Studies showing the death penalty saves lives] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426023213/http://www.cjlf.org/deathpenalty/dpdeterrencefull.htm |date=2015-04-26 }} * [http://www.cjlf.org/deathpenalty/deathpenalty.htm Criminal Justice Legal Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504000359/http://www.cjlf.org/deathpenalty/deathpenalty.htm |date=2017-05-04 }} * [http://www.recordnet.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090805/A_OPINION0619/908050306/-1/NEWSMAP Keep life without parole and death penalty intact] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216081928/http://www.recordnet.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090805/A_OPINION0619/908050306/-1/NEWSMAP |date=2011-12-16 }} * [http://www.explorernews.com/articles/2009/08/26/opinion/doc4a9478dabc9be260176264.txt Why the death penalty is needed] * [http://www.prodeathpenalty.com Pro Death Penalty.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050404011836/http://www.prodeathpenalty.com/ |date=2005-04-04 }} * [http://www.wesleylowe.com/cp.html Pro Death Penalty Resource Page] * [http://www.geometry.net/basic_c/capital_punishment_pro_death_penalty.php 119 Pro DP Links] * [http://constitution.now77.com/ The Death Penalty is Constitutional] * [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/03/AR2005060301450.html The Paradoxes of a Death Penalty Stance] ni [[Charles Lane (journalist)|Charles Lane]] han [[Washington Post]] * [http://www.clarkprosecutor.org/html/death/death.htm Clark County, Indiana, Prosecutor's Page on capital punishment] * [http://www.capital-punishment.us/search/label/Pro In Favor of Capital Punishment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407063507/http://www.capital-punishment.us/search/label/Pro |date=2015-04-07 }} – Sikat nga mga darahonon nga nagsusuporta han Pagsirot hin Kamatayon * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121104114023/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19160965 Studies spur new death penalty debate] ===Mga panlantaw hit relihiyon=== * [http://www.deathpenaltyreligious.org/education/perspectives/dalailama.html The Dalai Lama] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020122104520/http://www.deathpenaltyreligious.org/education/perspectives/dalailama.html |date=2002-01-22 }} – Mensahe hin pagsusuporta hit moratoryum han pagsirot hin kamatayon * [http://www.engaged-zen.org/articles/Damien_P_Horigan-Buddhism_Capital_Punishment.html Buddhism & Capital Punishment] tikang ha The Engaged Zen Society * [http://www.ou.org/torah/savannah/5760/behaalotcha60.htm Orthodox Union website: Rabbi Yosef Edelstein: Parshat Beha'alotcha: A Few Reflections on Capital Punishment] * [http://www.priestsforlife.org/deathpenalty Priests for Life] – Mga listahan hin pipira nga mga sumpay kanan Katoliko * [http://www.americancatholic.org/Newsletters/CU/ac0195.asp The Death Penalty: Why the Church Speaks a Countercultural Message] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509075336/http://www.americancatholic.org/Newsletters/CU/ac0195.asp |date=2008-05-09 }} ni Kenneth R. Overberg, S.J., tikang ha [http://www.americancatholic.org/ AmericanCatholic.org] * [http://www.americancatholic.org/Newsletters/YU/ay0696.asp Wrestling with the Death Penalty] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030812072150/http://www.americancatholic.org/Newsletters/YU/ay0696.asp |date=2003-08-12 }} ni Andy Prince, tikang ha ''Youth Update'' han [http://www.americancatholic.org AmericanCatholic.org] * {{CathEncy|wstitle=Capital Punishment}} * [http://www.cacp.org Catholics Against Capital Punishment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608084227/http://www.cacp.org/ |date=2010-06-08 }}: nahatag hin kanan Katoliko panlantaw ngan nahatag hin mga garamiton ngan mga sumpay * [http://kashifshahzada.com/2010/11/20/why-the-death-penalty-is-un-islamic Kashif Shahzada 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202000306/http://kashifshahzada.com/2010/11/20/why-the-death-penalty-is-un-islamic/ |date=2010-12-02 }}: Kay ano iton pagsirot hin kamatayon in diri-Islamiko? {{Commons category|Death penalty}} [[Kaarangay:Pagsirot hin kamatayon]] [[Kaarangay:Katungod pantawo]] 3axmidl56cmq0jydodu2bv1l0hmeicy 0 17613 7790062 7788205 2026-10-23T20:09:30Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + paypay, mga sumpay 7790062 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Human_Hepar.jpg|thumb]] An '''atay''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Liver'') usa ka importante nga bahin han [[lawas]] nga mayda an mga [[bertebrado]] ngan iba pa nga mga [[hayop]]. Damo it binubuhat hini sugad hit detoksipikasyon, sintesis hin [[protina]], ngan paghimo hin mga biokimikal na gamit ha [[pagtunaw han kinaon]]. ==Pinanbasaran== {{reflist}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Wiktionary|liver}} {{Commons category|Livers}} *[http://search.dmoz.org/cgi-bin/search?search=liver Liver]{{Dead link|date=December 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} at the [[Dmoz|Open Directory Project]]. *[http://pie.med.utoronto.ca/VLiver/ VIRTUAL Liver – online learning resource] *[http://liverenzymes.net Liver enzymes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905102300/http://liverenzymes.net/ |date=2019-09-05 }} [[Kaarangay:Lawas]] 5i9eqycc3ewg2lb1oyzw4o4xvnsa9ag 0 17630 7790073 7787886 2026-10-23T21:56:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41587 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 7790073 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Expecting mother.jpg|thumb]] An '''burod'''<ref name="Abuyen, Tomas A. 2000. p 57">Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 57.</ref> o '''pagburod'''<ref name="Abuyen, Tomas A. 2000. p 57"/> ([[Iningles]]: ''Pregnancy'', [[Tinagalog]]: ''Pagdadalantao'') amo an pagdadara hin [[anak]] ha sulod han matres o [[tagoangkan]] hit [[babayi]]. ==Pinanbasaran== {{Mga kasarigan}} ==Padugang nga barasahon== * {{Cite web|title=Nutrition For The First Trimester Of Pregnancy|url=http://www.ideafit.com/fitness-library/nutrition-for-the-first-trimester-of-pregnancy|publisher=IDEA Health & Fitness Association|accessdate=9 Disyembre 2013|archive-date=2013-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212042153/http://www.ideafit.com/fitness-library/nutrition-for-the-first-trimester-of-pregnancy|url-status=}} * {{Cite journal|last=Bothwell|first=TH|title=Iron requirements in pregnancy and strategies to meet them|journal=The American journal of clinical nutrition|date= Hulyo 2000|volume=72|issue=1 Suppl|pages=257S–264S|pmid=10871591}} * {{Cite journal|last=O'Brien|first=KO|title=Bone calcium turnover during pregnancy and lactation in women with low calcium diets is associated with calcium intake and circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations1|journal=Am J Clin Nutr|date= Pebrero 2006|volume=83|issue=2|pages=317–323|pmid=16469990|url=http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/83/2/317.full}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Human pregnancy}} * {{dmoz|Health/Reproductive_Health/Pregnancy_and_Birth}} * [http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/womens_health_issues/pregnancy_complicated_by_disease/overview_of_disease_during_pregnancy.html Merck Manual Home Health Handbook] – further details on the diseases, disorders, etc., which may complicate pregnancy. * [http://www.nhs.uk/Planners/pregnancycareplanner/Pages/PregnancyHome.aspx Pregnancy care planner] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325031359/http://www.nhs.uk/Planners/pregnancycareplanner/Pages/PregnancyHome.aspx |date=2012-03-25 }} – NHS guide to having baby including preconception, pregnancy, labor, and birth. [[Kaarangay:Pagbuburod]] 8okq922z9cj1wf2rvhgef4yf3llojy8 0 17712 7790056 7783233 2026-10-23T19:52:29Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790056 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:ATP-3D-vdW.png|thumbnail]] An '''metabolismo''' amo an mga [[reaksyon]] kemikal nga nahihitabo ha [[lawas]] han usa ka buhi nga [[organismo]] para mapadayon it [[kinabuhi]]. ==Pinanbasaran== {{Reflist}} ==Padugang nga barasahon== {{Library resources box |onlinebooks=yes |by=no |lcheading=Metabolism |label=Metabolism }} '''Introductory''' * {{aut|Rose, S.}} and {{aut|Mileusnic, R.}}, ''The Chemistry of Life.'' (Penguin Press Science, 1999), ISBN 0-14-027273-9 * {{aut|Schneider, E. D.}} and {{aut|Sagan, D.}}, ''Into the Cool: Energy Flow, Thermodynamics, and Life.'' (University Of Chicago Press, 2005), ISBN 0-226-73936-8 * {{aut|Lane, N.}}, ''Oxygen: The Molecule that Made the World.'' (Oxford University Press, USA, 2004), ISBN 0-19-860783-0 '''Advanced''' * {{aut|Price, N.}} and {{aut|Stevens, L.}}, ''Fundamentals of Enzymology: Cell and Molecular Biology of Catalytic Proteins.'' (Oxford University Press, 1999), ISBN 0-19-850229-X * {{aut|Berg, J.}} {{aut|Tymoczko, J.}} and {{aut|Stryer, L.}}, ''Biochemistry.'' (W. H. Freeman and Company, 2002), ISBN 0-7167-4955-6 * {{aut|Cox, M.}} and {{aut|Nelson, D. L.}}, ''Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry.'' (Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), ISBN 0-7167-4339-6 * {{aut|[[Thomas D. Brock|Brock, T. D.]]}} {{aut|Madigan, M. T.}} {{aut|Martinko, J.}} and {{aut|Parker J.}}, ''Brock's Biology of Microorganisms.'' (Benjamin Cummings, 2002), ISBN 0-13-066271-2 * {{aut|Da Silva, J.J.R.F.}} and {{aut|Williams, R. J. P.}}, ''The Biological Chemistry of the Elements: The Inorganic Chemistry of Life.'' (Clarendon Press, 1991), ISBN 0-19-855598-9 * {{aut|Nicholls, D. G.}} and {{aut|Ferguson, S. J.}}, ''Bioenergetics.'' (Academic Press Inc., 2002), ISBN 0-12-518121-3 == Mga sumpay ha gawas == {{Wikiversity|Topic:Biochemistry}} {{wikibooks}} {{Wiktionary}} '''General information''' * [http://www.biochemweb.org/metabolism.shtml Metabolism, Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050316052050/http://www.biochemweb.org/metabolism.shtml |date=2005-03-16 }} The Virtual Library of Biochemistry and Cell Biology at biochemweb.org * [http://www.rpi.edu/dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb1/MB1index.html The Biochemistry of Metabolism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122022624/http://www.rpi.edu/dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb1/MB1index.html |date=2013-11-22 }} * [http://www.stthomas.edu/biol/ecophys/homepage/homepage.html Advanced Animal Metabolism Calculators/ Interactive Learning Tools] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617230331/http://www.stthomas.edu/biol/ecophys/homepage/homepage.html |date=2008-06-17 }} * [http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/pages/Chap7.html Microbial metabolism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524083239/http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/pages/Chap7.html |date=2013-05-24 }} Simple overview. School level. * [http://www.gwu.edu/~mpb/ Metabolic Pathways of Biochemistry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000816044102/http://www.gwu.edu/~mpb/ |date=2000-08-16 }} Graphical representations of major metabolic pathways. * [http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/LearnNet/cfb/contents.htm Chemistry for biologists] Introduction to the chemistry of metabolism. School level. * [http://www.sparknotes.com/testprep/books/sat2/biology/ Sparknotes SAT biochemistry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317021118/http://www.sparknotes.com/testprep/books/sat2/biology/ |date=2019-03-17 }} Overview of biochemistry. School level. * [http://www.sciencegateway.org/resources/biologytext/index.html MIT Biology Hypertextbook] {{Webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160519111914/http://www.sciencegateway.org/resources/biologytext/index.html |date=2016-05-19 }} Undergraduate-level guide to molecular biology. '''Human metabolism''' * [http://library.med.utah.edu/NetBiochem/titles.htm Topics in Medical Biochemistry] Guide to human metabolic pathways. School level. * http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232415/http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/ |date=2020-11-06 }} THE Medical Biochemistry Page] Comprehensive resource on human metabolism. '''Databases''' * [http://www.expasy.org/cgi-bin/show_thumbnails.pl Flow Chart of Metabolic Pathways] at [[ExPASy]] * [http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/img/assets/4202/MetabolicPathways_6_17_04_.pdf IUBMB-Nicholson Metabolic Pathways Chart] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910123921/http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/img/assets/4202/MetabolicPathways_6_17_04_.pdf |date=2008-09-10 }} * [http://bioinformatics.charite.de/supercyp/ SuperCYP: Database for Drug-Cytochrome-Metabolism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103123642/http://bioinformatics.charite.de/supercyp/ |date=2011-11-03 }} '''Metabolic pathways''' * [http://www2.ufp.pt/~pedros/bq/integration.htm Interactive Flow Chart of the Major Metabolic Pathways] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218034732/http://www2.ufp.pt/~pedros/bq/integration.htm |date=2006-02-18 }} * [http://www.genome.ad.jp/kegg/pathway/map/map01100.html Metabolism reference Pathway] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223112439/http://www.genome.ad.jp/kegg/pathway/map/map01100.html |date=2009-02-23 }} * [http://biotech.icmb.utexas.edu/glycolysis/glycohome.html Guide to Glycolysis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990508100908/http://biotech.icmb.utexas.edu/glycolysis/glycohome.html |date=1999-05-08 }} School level. * {{wayback|helios.bto.ed.ac.uk/bto/microbes/nitrogen.htm|The Nitrogen cycle and Nitrogen fixation}} * [http://www.oxygraphics.co.uk/cds.htm Downloadable guide to photosynthesis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510150354/http://www.oxygraphics.co.uk/cds.htm |date=2008-05-10 }} School level. * [http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosyn/education/learn.html What is Photosynthesis?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070331173628/http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosyn/education/learn.html#amazing |date=2007-03-31 }} Collection of photosynthesis articles and resources. [[Kaarangay:Metabolismo| ]] 64s3elxcvazlgk16mtt2p9j9cv8tkyd 0 17714 7790096 6228128 2026-10-24T08:01:04Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790096 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayl:Ape skeletons.png|thumb]] Iton '''ebolusyon''' amo an pagbalyo han mga namamana nga kinaiya han mga populasyon biolohika ha sakob han pipira ka sagunson nga mga henerasyon.<ref>{{harvnb|Hall|Hallgrímsson|2008|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=jrDD3cyA09kC&pg=PA4 4–6]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Evolution Resources|publisher=National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|year=2016|url=http://www.nas.edu/evolution/index.html|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603230514/http://www.nas.edu/evolution/index.html|archivedate=2016-06-03|df=}}</ref> An mga proseso han pag-ebolusyon in naghahatag hin biodiversidad ha kada nivel han mga organisasyon biolohika, lakip han mga nivel han species, tagsa-tagsa ka organismo, ngan mga molekula. <ref>{{harvnb|Hall|Hallgrímsson|2008|pp=3–5}}</ref> ==Pinanbasaran== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat|Evolution}} [[Kaarangay:Biyolohiya]] 2voxntb6r70w3aqvizr4a2ec0secy7h 0 17718 7790091 6283057 2026-10-24T07:50:45Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay 7790091 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Heart-and-lungs.jpg|thumb]] An '''anatomiya''' (tikang ha [[Griniyego]] nga ἀνατομία anatomia, tikang ἀνατέμνειν ana: pagbulag o pag-utod, o pagbusbus) amo an sanga han [[biyolohiya]] ngan [[medisina]] nga an pangunahon nga [[pag-aram]] amo an sulod han [[lawas]] ngan desinyo han istruktura han mga buhi. An anatomiya naba[[bahin]] ngadto ha ''macroscopic'' ngan ''microscopic anatomy''. Ha ''macroscopic anatomy'' (o ''gross anatomy'') gin-eeksamin an mga parte san lawas ha [[hayop]] na waray gamit na [[mikroskopyo]]. Ha ''microscopic anatomy'', ginagamitan mikroskopyo o mga [[instrumintu]] [[optika]]l an pag-aram han mga [[tisyu (biyolohiya)|tisyu]] ngan iba pa na [[istruktura]] han lawas, na kilala bilang [[histolohiya]] ngan ha pag-aram han mga [[selulá]]. == Bibliograpiya == {{Library resources box}} * [http://www.bartleby.com/107/ "Anatomy of the Human Body". 20th edition. 1918. Henry Gray] == Mga sumpay ha gawas == {{Sister project links | wikt=anatomy | commons=Category:Anatomy | b=Category:Anatomy | n=no | q=Category:Anatomy | s=Category:Anatomy | v=Topic:Anatomy | voy=no | species=no | d=Q514 | mw=no | display=Anatomy}} * {{dmoz|Health/Medicine/Basic_Sciences/Anatomy}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/iots/all#playepisode115 Anatomy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217035907/http://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/iots/all#playepisode115 |date=2015-02-17 }}, ''[[In Our Time (BBC Radio 4)|In Our Time]]''. [[BBC Radio 4]]. [[Melvin Bragg]] with guests Ruth Richardson, Andrew Cunningham and [[Harold Ellis (professor)|Harold Ellis]]. [[Kaarangay:Anatomiya| ]] jwac9x30luz4ntcnd04i83mvbcq7aak 0 17745 7790040 7645655 2026-10-23T18:46:12Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mammalia 7790040 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayl:Mamíferos.jpg|thumb]] {{Taxobox | name = Mammalia | status = | image = | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = '''Mammalia''' | ordo = | familia = | genus = | species = | binomial = Mammalia | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} An '''mamalya''' o kundi man '''Mammalia''' (''Mammalia'')<ref name = "COL"/> in uska [[classis]] han phylum [[Chordata]], ngan [[regnum]] nga [[Animalia]].<ref name = "COL"/> An [[classis]] nga Mammalia naglalakip hin 4835 ka mga species, sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>. An mamalya usa ka klase nga bertebrado nga [[hayop]] kun diin an mga babaye may [[suso]] nga nahatag hin [[gatas]] para ha ira anak, ngan nabalhas, may buhok, may tulo nga butnga nga tul-an han talinga para makabati, ngan may neocortex nga rehiyon ha [[utok]]. Kaapi han mamalya an gidadagkui na hayop sa kalibutan sugad han mga [[balyena]]. kaupod liwat dinhi an [[elepante]], [[karabaw]], kulalaknit ngan [[yatot]]. An tulo na ordo na mayaon gidaram'i na membro amo an; [[Rodentia]] (kawat, yatot, ''porcupines'', ''beavers'', ''capybaras'' ngan iba pa na ngongutkot na mamalya), [[Chiroptera]] (kulalaknit, ngan kabog), ngan [[Soricomorpha]] (''shrews'', ''moles'' ngan ''solenodons'') An [[kladograma]] hini sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>: {{Clade | label1 = [[chordata ()|Chordata]]&nbsp; | 1={{Clade | label1 = '''&nbsp;mammalia&nbsp;''' | 1={{Clade | 1=[[Afrosoricida]] | 2=[[Artiodactyla]] | 3=[[Carnivora]] | 4=[[Cetacea]] | 5=[[Chiroptera]] | 6=[[Cingulata]] | 7=[[Dasyuromorphia]] | 8=[[Dermoptera]] | 9=[[Didelphimorphia]] | 10=[[Diprotodontia]] | 11=[[Erinaceomorpha]] | 12=[[Hyracoidea]] | 13=[[Lagomorpha]] | 14=[[Macroscelidea]] | 15=[[Microbiotheria]] | 16=[[Monotremata]] | 17=[[Notoryctemorphia]] | 18=[[Paucituberculata]] | 19=[[Peramelemorphia]] | 20=[[Perissodactyla]] | 21=[[Pholidota]] | 22=[[Pilosa]] | 23=[[Primates]] | 24=[[Proboscidea]] | 25=[[Rodentia]] | 26=[[Scandentia]] | 27=[[Sirenia]] | 28=[[Soricomorpha]] | 29=[[Tubulidentata]] }} | 2=[[Actinopterygii]] | 3=[[Amphibia]] | 4=[[Appendicularia]] | 5=[[Ascidiacea]] | 6=[[Aves]] | 7=[[Cephalaspidomorphi]] | 8=[[Cephalochordata]] | 9=[[Elasmobranchii]] | 10=[[Holocephali]] | 11=[[Myxini]] | 12=[[Reptilia]] | 13=[[Sarcopterygii]] | 14=[[Thaliacea]] }} }} ==Klasipikasyun== [[Image:Mammal species pie chart.png|thumb|300px|An mga order na [[Rodent]]ia (asul), [[Chiroptera]] (baga), ngan [[Soricomorpha]] (dulaw) malahos 70% san mga species san mammal paggintig'ob.]] An ''"Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals"'' (AMNH ''Bulletin'' v. 85, 1945) ni George Gaylord Simpson an orihinal na ginkuhan san taxonomiya na nalista. Ginlatag ni Simpson an sistema san ''mammal origins'' ngan mga relasyones na gingamit tubtob sa katangpusan san ''20th century''. Sumunod san klasipikasyun ni Simpson, ''gin-recalibrate'' an ''paleontological record'', ngan san mga sumunod na mga tuig nagbag'o an sistema ngan theoretikal na pagimud san ''systematization'' mismo, tungod san san bag'o nga konsepto nga [[cladistics]]. Bisan kun nagin kinadaan o ''outdated'' na an klasipikasyun ni Simpson, mao pa ini gihapon an ginsusunod na ''official classification'' san mga mamalya. ===''McKenna/Bell classification''=== Sadton 1997, komprehensibo na gin rebisa nira [[Malcolm McKenna|Malcolm C. McKenna]] ngan Susan K. Bell an pagklasipika san mga mamalya nga nagresulta sa ''McKenna/Bell classification''. An ira libro sa 1997 na ''Classification of Mammals above the Species Level'',<ref name="McKennaBell1997">{{Cite book | author=McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan Groag | title=Classification of Mammals above the Species Level | date = 1997 | publisher=Columbia University Press | isbn=0-231-11013-8}}</ref> amo an pinaka komprehensibo na buhat hasta yana hiunong san ''systematics'', relasyones, ngan mga panhitabo san natanan na taxa san mamalya, mapabuhi o ''extinct''. May'ad krus(†) an mga [[Extinct]] na grupo. '''Class Mamalya''' *'''Subclass [[Prototheria]]''': monotremes: [[echidna]] ngan [[platypus]] *'''Subclass Theriiformes''': ''live-bearing'' na mga mammal ngan mga ''prehistoric'' na kamag'anak **Infraclass †[[Allotheria]]: multituberculates **Infraclass †[[Triconodonta]]: triconodonts **Infraclass [[Holotheria]]: modern live-bearing mammals and their prehistoric relatives ***Superlegion †[[Kuehneotheria]] ***Supercohort [[Theria]]: live-bearing mammals ****Cohort [[Marsupialia]]: mga marsupial *****Magnorder [[Australidelphia]]: mga marsupial sa Australia ngan an [[monito del monte]] *****Magnorder [[Ameridelphia]]: mga marsupial san ''New World'' ****Cohort [[Placentalia]]: mga placental *****Magnorder [[Xenarthra]]: xenarthrans *****Magnorder [[Epitheria]]: epitheres ******Superorder [[Anagalida]]: [[Lagomorpha|lagomorphs]], [[yatot]], ngan [[elephant shrew]] ******Superorder [[Ferae]]: [[carnivora]], [[pangolin]], †[[creodont]], ngan mga kamag'anak ******Superorder [[Lipotyphla]]: [[insectivora]] ******Superorder [[Archonta]]: [[kulalaknit]], [[primate]], [[colugo]], ngan [[treeshrew]] ******Superorder [[Ungulata]]: ungulates *******Order [[Tubulidentata]] ''[[incertae sedis]]'': [[aardvark]] *******Mirorder [[Eparctocyona]]: †[[condylarth]]s, [[balyena]], ngan [[artiodactyla|artiodactyls]] (even-toed ungulates) *******Mirorder †[[Meridiungulata]]: ''South American ungulates'' *******Mirorder [[Altungulata]]: [[Perissodactyla|perissodactyl]] (odd-toed ungulates), [[elephante]], [[manatee]], ngan [[hyrax]] ==Pinanbasaran== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/mammalia/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> </references> {{reflist}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Sister project links|Mammal|v=Mammals|commons=Category:Mammalia|species=Mammalia}} {{Wikibooks|Dichotomous Key|Mammalia}} {{TaxonIds |wikispecies=Mammalia |ncbi=40674 |namebank=2478620 |eol=1642 |itis=179913 |others=[http://arctos.database.museum/name/Mammalia Arctos] }} *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/class/Mammal BBC Wildlife Finder – video clips from the BBC's natural history archive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101106070827/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/class/Mammal |date=2010-11-06 }} *[http://www.globaltwitcher.com/gt2/taxa.asp?classid=278796 GlobalTwitcher.com – All species in the world with distribution maps and images] *[http://paleocene-mammals.de/ Paleocene Mammals], a site covering the rise of the mammals, paleocene-mammals.de *[http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/mammals/Evolution.shtml Evolution of Mammals], a brief introduction to early mammals, enchantedlearning.com *[http://tellapallet.com/tree_of_life.htm Tree of Life poster] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210112109/http://www.tellapallet.com/tree_of_life.htm |date=2015-02-10 }} – Shows mammals' evolutionary relation to other organisms, tellapallet.com *[http://brainmaps.org/index.php?p=datasets-species High-Resolution Images of various Mammalian Brains], brainmaps.org *[http://www.learnanimals.com/mammals.php Mammal Species] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824030042/http://www.learnanimals.com/mammals.php |date=2018-08-24 }}, collection of information sheets about various mammal species, learnanimals.com *[http://www.fmnh.helsinki.fi/users/haaramo/Metazoa/Deuterostoma/Chordata/Synapsida/Basal_Mammalia/Mammaliaformes_2.htm#Australophenida Mikko's Phylogeny Archive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124063323/http://www.fmnh.helsinki.fi/users/haaramo/Metazoa/Deuterostoma/Chordata/Synapsida/Basal_Mammalia/Mammaliaformes_2.htm#Australophenida |date=2008-01-24 }}, fmnh.helsinki.fi *[http://www.european-mammals.org/php/mapmaker.php European Mammal Atlas EMMA] from Societas Europaea Mammalogica, European-mammals.org *[http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/bis/marine_mammals.php Marine Mammals of the World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806103600/http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/bis/marine_mammals.php |date=2011-08-06 }}—An overview of all marine mammals, including descriptions, multimedia and a key, eti.uva.nl *[http://www.mammalogy.org Mammalogy.org] The American Society of Mammalogists was established in 1919 for the purpose of promoting the study of mammals, and this website includes a mammal image library <br> [[Kaarangay:Mammalia| ]] fkduyzae0gens6slb0g1l7loa5c1oww 0 17746 7790046 7775441 2026-10-23T19:04:15Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay, Iningles 7790046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Anura | status = | image = Common frog.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = [[Amphibia]] | ordo = '''Anura''' | familia = | genus = | species = | binomial = Anura | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Vertebrata]] | synonyms = }} An '''pakla''' <ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 263.</ref> o '''katsapa''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Frog''), amo an mga [[ampibyan]] nga aada ha orden [[Anura]]. An '''Anura''' (''Anura'')<ref name = "COL"/> in uska [[ordo]] han [[Amphibia]]. An Anura in nahilalakip ha [[classis]] nga [[Amphibia]], [[phylum]] nga [[Chordata]], ngan [[regnum]] nga [[Animalia]].<ref name = "COL"/> An [[ordo]] nga Anura in naglalakip hin 5685 ka mga species, sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>. Tipikal sa katsapa na mang[[anak]] o mag[[bonay]] sa [[tubig]]. Gin pupusa an kanra bonay na nagiging ''larvae'' na gintatawag na ulo-ulo. [[May-ada]] ini na ulo-ulo [[ukig]] ngan [[hasang]]. May-ada na pipira na katsapa na deposito san kanra bonay sa [[tuna]] ngan diri na agi sa pagkaulo-ulo. ==Ilarom nga taxa<ref name = "COL"/>== * [[Alytidae]] * [[Aromobatidae]] * [[Arthroleptidae]] * [[Ascaphidae]] * [[Bombinatoridae]] * [[Brachycephalidae]] * [[Brevicipitidae]] * [[Bufonidae]] * [[Calyptocephalellidae]] * [[Centrolenidae]] * [[Ceratobatrachidae]] * [[Ceratophryidae]] * [[Craugastoridae]] * [[Cycloramphidae]] * [[Dendrobatidae]] * [[Dicroglossidae]] * [[Eleutherodactylidae]] * [[Heleophrynidae]] * [[Hemiphractidae]] * [[Hemisotidae]] * [[Hylidae]] * [[Hylodidae]] * [[Hyperoliidae]] * [[Leiopelmatidae]] * [[Leiuperidae]] * [[Leptodactylidae]] * [[Limnodynastidae]] * [[Mantellidae]] * [[Megophryidae]] * [[Micrixalidae]] * [[Microhylidae]] * [[Myobatrachidae]] * [[Nasikabatrachidae]] * [[Nyctibatrachidae]] * [[Pelobatidae]] * [[Pelodytidae]] * [[Petropedetidae]] * [[Phrynobatrachidae]] * [[Phrynocerus]] * [[Pipidae]] * [[Ptychadenidae]] * [[Pyxicephalidae]] * [[Ranidae]] * [[Ranixalidae]] * [[Rhacophoridae]] * [[Rhinophrynidae]] * [[Scaphiopodidae]] * [[Sooglossidae]] * [[Strabomantidae]] * [[Zachaenus]] ==Pinanbasaran== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/anura/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> </references> {{reflist}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Anura}} {{Wikispecies|Anura|''Anura''}} [[Kaarangay:Ampibyan|katsapa]] gs09ocskaonnh0wvlod8k1w1bey3j7q 0 18012 7790058 6272592 2026-10-23T19:56:24Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Metabolismo 7790058 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Blausen_0316_DigestiveSystem.png|thumb]] An '''pagtunaw han kinaon''' o '''dihestiyon''' amo an pamaagi han [[organismo]] pagbalyo han kinaon ngadto ha sustansya. ==Pinanbasaran== {{reflist}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== *[http://homepage.ufp.pt/pedros/qfisio/digestion.htm Human Physiology - Digestion] *[http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/yrdd/index.htm NIH guide to digestive system] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060810184706/http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/yrdd/index.htm |date=2006-08-10 }} *[http://www.biology-innovation.co.uk/digestive_system.php The Digestive System] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521043014/http://www.biology-innovation.co.uk/digestive_system.php |date=2011-05-21 }} *[http://www.medical-reference.net/2012/07/how-does-digestive-system-work.html How does the Digestive System Work?] {{Library resources box |by=no |onlinebooks=no |others=no |about=yes |label=Digestive system}} [[Kaarangay:Metabolismo]] izrn4u6wb496onu8tctmmvu7006g4l7 0 18066 7790024 6420630 2026-10-23T17:23:39Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles, Kaarangay:Mananap 7790024 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bee Collecting Pollen 2004-08-14.jpg|thumb]] An '''bubuyog''', '''buyog''', '''alimbubuyog''' o '''putyukan''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Bee'') amo an nanlulupad nga [[mananap]] nga nakikilala ha paghimo han [[dugos]]. ==Pinanbasaran== {{reflist}} == Padugang nga barasahon == *O'Toole, Christopher, and Raw, Anthony. (1991). ''Bees of the World''. New York: Facts on File. *Michener, Charles D. (2007). ''The Bees of the World'', second edition. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins. == Mga sumpay ha gawas == {{wikiquote|Bees}} {{commons category|Apoidea}} {{wikispecies|Apoidea}} {{wikibooks|Beekeeping/Solitary_Bee}} * [http://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Apoidea All Living Things] Images, identification guides, and maps of bees * [http://cache.ucr.edu/~heraty/beepage.html Bee Genera of the World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060428075519/http://cache.ucr.edu/~heraty/beepage.html |date=2006-04-28 }} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6084974.stm Scientists identify the oldest known bee, a 100 million-year-old specimen preserved in amber] * [http://bugguide.net/node/view/8267 North American species of bees at Bugguide] * [http://bugguide.net/node/view/475348 Native Bees of North America] [[Kaarangay:Mananap]] agexq5lyuedpaj69ndy7d1gwb5kzvqt 0 18067 7790063 7789070 2026-10-23T20:11:39Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay 7790063 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Protein Composite.jpg|thumb]] An mga '''protina''' amo an dagko nga mga [[molekula]] nga tikang ha gudti nga mga [[Aminoasido|asido amino]]. Kinahanglan hira para humataas ngan mag-ayad, ngan pagpakusog han mga [[tul-an]] o bukog. Nabulig hira paghimo hin [[tisyu (biyolohiya)|tisyu]] ngan selula. Mabibilngan ini ha mga [[hayop]], [[tanom]], [[bakterya]], gungi ngan ha [[lawas]] han [[tawo]]. ==Pinanbasaran== {{Reflist}} ==Mga reperensya== {{refbegin|30em}} *{{cite book |author= Branden C, Tooze J |title=Introduction to Protein Structure |publisher=Garland Pub |location=New York |year=1999 |isbn=0-8153-2305-0}} *{{cite book |author=Murray RF, Harper HW, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW |title=Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry |url=https://archive.org/details/harpersillustrat0000unse_l8z7 |publisher=Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill |location=New York |year=2006 |isbn=0-07-146197-3}} *{{cite book |author=Van Holde KE, Mathews CK |title=Biochemistry |publisher=Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co., Inc|location=Menlo Park, California |year=1996 |isbn=0-8053-3931-0}} {{refend}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Proteins}} {{Wiktionary|protein}} ===Mga database ngan proyekto=== *[http://www.jcvi.org/pn-utility The Protein Naming Utility] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121221003541/http://www.jcvi.org/pn-utility |date=2012-12-21 }} *[http://www.proteinatlas.org/ Human Protein Atlas] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100808182951/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=Protein NCBI Entrez Protein database] *[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=structure NCBI Protein Structure database] *[http://www.hprd.org/ Human Protein Reference Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060424071622/http://www.hprd.org/ |date=2006-04-24 }} *[http://www.humanproteinpedia.org/ Human Proteinpedia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314135408/http://www.humanproteinpedia.org/ |date=2007-03-14 }} *[http://folding.stanford.edu/ Folding@Home (Stanford University)]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908075542/http://folding.stanford.edu/English/HomePage |date=2012-09-08 }} *[http://ctd.mdibl.org/ Comparative Toxicogenomics Database] curates protein–chemical interactions, as well as gene/protein–disease relationships and chemical-disease relationships. *[https://jerseysforcheapshop.com/10-best-whey-protein-in-india/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910065019/https://jerseysforcheapshop.com/10-best-whey-protein-in-india/ |date=2021-09-10 }} How To Check Protein Deficiency. *[http://www.pdbe.org/ Protein Databank in Europe] (see also [https://jerseysforcheapshop.com/10-best-peanut-butter-in-india-for-september-2021/ PDBeQuips] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910065132/https://jerseysforcheapshop.com/10-best-peanut-butter-in-india-for-september-2021/ |date=2021-09-10 }}, short articles and tutorials on interesting PDB structures) *[http://www.rcsb.org/ Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics] (see also [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/index.html Molecule of the Month] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724151351/https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion%2Fmolecule_of_the_month%2Findex.html |date=2020-07-24 }}, presenting short accounts on selected proteins from the PDB) *[http://www.proteopedia.org/ Proteopedia&nbsp;– Life in 3D]: rotatable, zoomable 3D model with wiki annotations for every known protein molecular structure. *[http://www.expasy.uniprot.org/ UniProt the Universal Protein Resource] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608183902/http://www.expasy.uniprot.org/ |date=2008-06-08 }} *[http://www.nextprot.org/ neXtProt&nbsp;– Exploring the universe of human proteins]: human-centric protein knowledge resource *[https://www.proteinspire.org/MOPED/mopedviews/mopedAbout.jsf/ Multi-Omics Profiling Expression Database: MOPED] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022042926/https://www.proteinspire.org/MOPED/mopedviews/mopedAbout.jsf |date=2014-10-22 }} human and model organism protein/gene knowledge and expression data ===Mga patutdo ngan mga websayt hin pag-aram=== *[http://hopes.stanford.edu/basics/proteins/p0.html "An Introduction to Proteins"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715114318/http://hopes.stanford.edu/basics/proteins/p0.html |date=2010-07-15 }} from [[HOPES]] (Huntington's Disease Outreach Project for Education at Stanford) *[http://www.biochemweb.org/proteins.shtml Proteins: Biogenesis to Degradation&nbsp;– The Virtual Library of Biochemistry and Cell Biology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050219090405/http://www.biochemweb.org/proteins.shtml |date=2005-02-19 }} 9xfihfvc5o4t1xwooeicfumayg3d0ok 0 18122 7790057 6204857 2026-10-23T19:54:41Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay, Kaarangay:Metabolismo 7790057 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:GLO1 Homo sapiens small fast.gif|thumb]] An '''ensaym''' amo an mga biyo[[molekula]] nga nagpapa[[laksi]] hit mga [[reaksyon]] kemikal. Haros ngatanan nga kilala nga ensaym amo an mga [[protina]]. ==Pinanbasaran== {{Reflist}} ==Padugang nga barasahon== ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== [[Kaarangay:Metabolismo]] dx1y0pgyj6ud4pbftmsky309m5wuxup 0 18228 7790022 7789975 2026-10-23T17:21:55Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790022 wikitext text/x-wiki An mga '''insektó''' o '''mananap''' amo an mga [[arthropoda]], mayda [[matig-a]] nga ''exoskeleton'', tulo ka [[bahin]] han [[lawas]], tulo nga [[padis]] nga [[tiil]], kumpuwesto nga mga [[mata]], ngan duha ka antena.{{botmade|Lsjbot|Arthropoda|date=2013-02}} {{Taxobox | name = Insecta | status = | image = European honey bee extracts nectar.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = '''Insecta''' | ordo = | familia = | genus = | species = | binomial = | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} '''Insecta'''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska [[classis]] han [[Arthropoda]]. An Insecta in nahilalakip ha [[phylum]] nga [[arthropoda ()|Arthropoda]], ngan [[regnum]] nga [[Animalia]].<ref name = "COL"/> An [[classis]] nga Insecta naglalakip hin 817302 ka mga species, sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>. ==Ebolusyon== Diri malinaw an ebolusyonario na relasyon san mananap sa iba nga [[hayop]]. Una na igingrupo san mga bayod ngan ulalahipan, kudi an ebidensya napabor na mas harani na uropod an mananap sa mga ''[[crustacean]]s''. Sa ''[[Pancrustacea]] theory'', an mananap, kaupod an [[Remipedia]] ngan [[Malacostraca]], nahisasakob sin sayo nga ''clade''.<ref>{{cite web | title=Palaeos invertebrates:Arthropoda | url=http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Arthropods/Pancrustacea.html | publisher=Palaeos Invertebrates | date=3 Mayo 2002 | accessdate=6 Mayo 2009 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215010139/http://palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Arthropods/Pancrustacea.html | archivedate=15 Pebrero 2009 | url-status=dead }}</ref> An iba nga pantuna na ''arthropods'', sugad san [[ulalahipan]], [[bayod]], [[scorpion]] ngan [[lawalawa]], danay maaalahan na insekto tungod kay nag'iringun an kalawas, ngan parepareho may ''jointed exoskeleton''. Kudi sa harani na eksaminasyon, maiimod an pagkakaibalabi na an pagkakayaon onum na siki san mga insekto o mananap.<ref>{{cite web | title=Evolution of insect flight | url=http://dml.cmnh.org/1994Oct/msg00116.html | publisher=Malcolm W. Browne | date=25 Oktubre 1994 | accessdate=6 Mayo 2009 | archive-date=29 Enero 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129100150/http://dml.cmnh.org/1994Oct/msg00116.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Ilarom nga taxa<ref name = "COL"/>== * [[Archaeognatha]] * [[Blattodea]] ([[bangka]]) * [[Coleoptera]] (bolugungbugong; bagang, [[bukatkat|aninipot]]) * [[Dermaptera]] * [[Diptera]] ([[langaw]], bulagak, [[namok]], noknok, tambayokyok) * [[Embioptera]] * [[Ephemeroptera]] * [[Grylloblattodea]] * [[Hemiptera]] ([[sudlot]], tayangaw) * [[Hymenoptera]] ([[tubak|tigasaw]], [[bubuyog|alimbubuyog]], ligwan, [[lapinig]]) * [[Isoptera]] ([[anay (mananap)|anay]]) * [[Lepidoptera]] ([[alibangbang]], kakanog) * [[Mantodea]] ([[Baying]]) * [[Mantophasmatodea]] * [[Mecoptera]] * [[Megaloptera]] * [[Neuroptera]] (tambaboy -''English ant-lion'') * [[Odonata]] ([[alidongdong]]) * [[Orthoptera]] ([[apan]]; [[balang]], [[ngiyangiya]], [[budlo]]) * [[Phasmida]] * [[Phthiraptera]] ([[kuto]], lusa) * [[Plecoptera]] * [[Psocoptera]] * [[Raphidioptera]] * [[Siphonaptera]] (garapata) * [[Strepsiptera]] * [[Thysanoptera]] * [[Trichoptera]] * [[Zoraptera]] * [[Zygentoma]] ==Dibersidad o Pagkadurudilain== Gin-eestima na maabot sa 5.5 ka-milyones na specie may'ada an insekto o manannap, ngan maabot 1.5 milyones na sa yana an ginkilala ngan ginngaranan,<ref>Stork, Nigel E. (7 Enero 2018). "How Many Species of Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods Are There on Earth?". Annual Review of Entomology. 63 (1): 31–45. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043348. PMID 28938083.</ref> ngan nadudug'ngan pa ini sa kada tuig. Sa yana, may ada na 24 ordo an mga insekto, ngan gindodomina ini sin 4 na na ordo; an [[Coleoptera]], [[Diptera]], [[Hymenoptera]] ngan [[Lepidoptera]]. ==Pinanbasaran== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/insecta/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{sisterlinks|wikt=insect|b=no|q=Insect|s=no|commons=Insecta|n=no|v=no|species=Insecta}} {{Wikisource portal|Insects}} {{TaxonIds|ncbi=50557|eol=334}} * [http://bugguide.net/node/view/52/tree/ Insects of North America] * [http://bugguide.net/node/view/222292 Overview of Orders of Insects] * {{eol|344}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091122074740/http://www.spc.int/PPS/SAFRINET/inse-scr.pdf A Safrinet Manual for Entomology and Arachnology] [[Secretariat of the Pacific Community|SPC]] * [http://tolweb.org/Insecta/8205 Tree of Life Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616085529/http://tolweb.org/Insecta/8205 |date=2013-06-16 }} – Insecta, [http://tolweb.org/movies/Insecta/8205 Insecta Movies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917011150/http://tolweb.org/movies/Insecta/8205 |date=2019-09-17 }} * [http://marlonstein.com/fotos/natureza/Insetos ''Insects of Brazil''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708135618/http://marlonstein.com/fotos/natureza/Insetos |date=2013-07-08 }} * [http://www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/4015/morpology/ Insect Morphology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303060627/http://www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/4015/morpology/ |date=2011-03-03 }} Overview of insect external and internal anatomy * [http://edna.palass-hosting.org/ Fossil Insect Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002102416/http://edna.palass-hosting.org/ |date=2013-10-02 }} International Palaeoentological Society * [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/walker/ufbir/ UF Book of Insect Records] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702202121/http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/walker/ufbir/ |date=2014-07-02 }} * [http://www.insectimages.org/ InsectImages.org] 24,000 high resolution insect photographs * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Insect BBC Nature:] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516034756/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Insect |date=2015-05-16 }} Insect news, and video clips from BBC programmes past and present. * [http://www.thenatureexplorers.com/ The Nature Explorers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005182352/http://www.thenatureexplorers.com/ |date=2016-10-05 }} Many insect video clips. {{Wikispecies|Insecta|''Insecta''}} [[Kaarangay:Mananap| ]] t7uwmkoim9out5lu7w700m33w23hvaa 7790039 7790022 2026-10-23T17:46:44Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790039 wikitext text/x-wiki An mga '''insektó''' o '''mananap''' amo an mga [[arthropoda]], mayda [[matig-a]] nga ''exoskeleton'', tulo ka [[bahin]] han [[lawas]], tulo nga [[padis]] nga [[tiil]], kumpuwesto nga mga [[mata]], ngan duha ka antena.{{botmade|Lsjbot|Arthropoda|date=2013-02}} {{Taxobox | name = Insecta | status = | image = European honey bee extracts nectar.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = '''Insecta''' | ordo = | familia = | genus = | species = | binomial = | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} '''Insecta'''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska [[classis]] han [[Arthropoda]]. An Insecta in nahilalakip ha [[phylum]] nga [[arthropoda ()|Arthropoda]], ngan [[regnum]] nga [[Animalia]].<ref name = "COL"/> An [[classis]] nga Insecta naglalakip hin 817302 ka mga species, sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>. ==Ebolusyon== Diri malinaw an ebolusyonario na relasyon san mananap sa iba nga [[hayop]]. Una na igingrupo san mga bayod ngan ulalahipan, kudi an ebidensya napabor na mas harani na uropod an mananap sa mga ''[[crustacean]]s''. Sa ''[[Pancrustacea]] theory'', an mananap, kaupod an [[Remipedia]] ngan [[Malacostraca]], nahisasakob sin sayo nga ''clade''.<ref>{{cite web | title=Palaeos invertebrates:Arthropoda | url=http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Arthropods/Pancrustacea.html | publisher=Palaeos Invertebrates | date=3 Mayo 2002 | accessdate=6 Mayo 2009 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215010139/http://palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Arthropods/Pancrustacea.html | archivedate=15 Pebrero 2009 | url-status=dead }}</ref> An iba nga pantuna na ''arthropods'', sugad san [[ulalahipan]], [[bayod]], [[scorpion]] ngan [[lawalawa]], danay maaalahan na insekto tungod kay nag'iringun an kalawas, ngan parepareho may ''jointed exoskeleton''. Kudi sa harani na eksaminasyon, maiimod an pagkakaibalabi na an pagkakayaon onum na siki san mga insekto o mananap.<ref>{{cite web | title=Evolution of insect flight | url=http://dml.cmnh.org/1994Oct/msg00116.html | publisher=Malcolm W. Browne | date=25 Oktubre 1994 | accessdate=6 Mayo 2009 | archive-date=29 Enero 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129100150/http://dml.cmnh.org/1994Oct/msg00116.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Ilarom nga taxa<ref name = "COL"/>== * [[Archaeognatha]] * [[Blattodea]] ([[bangka]]) * [[Coleoptera]] (bolugungbugong; bagang, [[bukatkat|aninipot]]) * [[Dermaptera]] * [[Diptera]] ([[langaw]], bulagak, [[namok]], noknok, tambayokyok) * [[Embioptera]] * [[Ephemeroptera]] * [[Grylloblattodea]] * [[Hemiptera]] ([[sudlot]], tayangaw) * [[Hymenoptera]] ([[tubak|tigasaw]], [[bubuyog|alimbubuyog]], ligwan, [[lapinig]]) * [[Isoptera]] ([[anay (mananap)|anay]]) * [[Lepidoptera]] ([[alibangbang]], kakanog) * [[Mantodea]] ([[baying]]) * [[Mantophasmatodea]] * [[Mecoptera]] * [[Megaloptera]] * [[Neuroptera]] (tambaboy -''English ant-lion'') * [[Odonata]] ([[alidongdong]]) * [[Orthoptera]] ([[apan]]; [[balang]], [[ngiyangiya]], [[budlo]]) * [[Phasmida]] * [[Phthiraptera]] ([[kuto]], lusa) * [[Plecoptera]] * [[Psocoptera]] * [[Raphidioptera]] * [[Siphonaptera]] ([[garapata]]) * [[Strepsiptera]] * [[Thysanoptera]] * [[Trichoptera]] * [[Zoraptera]] * [[Zygentoma]] ==Dibersidad o Pagkadurudilain== Gin-eestima na maabot sa 5.5 ka-milyones na specie may'ada an insekto o manannap, ngan maabot 1.5 milyones na sa yana an ginkilala ngan ginngaranan,<ref>Stork, Nigel E. (7 Enero 2018). "How Many Species of Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods Are There on Earth?". Annual Review of Entomology. 63 (1): 31–45. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043348. PMID 28938083.</ref> ngan nadudug'ngan pa ini sa kada tuig. Sa yana, may ada na 24 ordo an mga insekto, ngan gindodomina ini sin 4 na na ordo; an [[Coleoptera]], [[Diptera]], [[Hymenoptera]] ngan [[Lepidoptera]]. ==Pinanbasaran== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/insecta/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{sisterlinks|wikt=insect|b=no|q=Insect|s=no|commons=Insecta|n=no|v=no|species=Insecta}} {{Wikisource portal|Insects}} {{TaxonIds|ncbi=50557|eol=334}} * [http://bugguide.net/node/view/52/tree/ Insects of North America] * [http://bugguide.net/node/view/222292 Overview of Orders of Insects] * {{eol|344}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091122074740/http://www.spc.int/PPS/SAFRINET/inse-scr.pdf A Safrinet Manual for Entomology and Arachnology] [[Secretariat of the Pacific Community|SPC]] * [http://tolweb.org/Insecta/8205 Tree of Life Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616085529/http://tolweb.org/Insecta/8205 |date=2013-06-16 }} – Insecta, [http://tolweb.org/movies/Insecta/8205 Insecta Movies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917011150/http://tolweb.org/movies/Insecta/8205 |date=2019-09-17 }} * [http://marlonstein.com/fotos/natureza/Insetos ''Insects of Brazil''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708135618/http://marlonstein.com/fotos/natureza/Insetos |date=2013-07-08 }} * [http://www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/4015/morpology/ Insect Morphology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303060627/http://www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/4015/morpology/ |date=2011-03-03 }} Overview of insect external and internal anatomy * [http://edna.palass-hosting.org/ Fossil Insect Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002102416/http://edna.palass-hosting.org/ |date=2013-10-02 }} International Palaeoentological Society * [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/walker/ufbir/ UF Book of Insect Records] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702202121/http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/walker/ufbir/ |date=2014-07-02 }} * [http://www.insectimages.org/ InsectImages.org] 24,000 high resolution insect photographs * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Insect BBC Nature:] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516034756/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Insect |date=2015-05-16 }} Insect news, and video clips from BBC programmes past and present. * [http://www.thenatureexplorers.com/ The Nature Explorers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005182352/http://www.thenatureexplorers.com/ |date=2016-10-05 }} Many insect video clips. {{Wikispecies|Insecta|''Insecta''}} [[Kaarangay:Mananap| ]] dxrt9dnpomlo2xnhzfxpmnuk0zwegi4 0 18257 7790031 7544967 2026-10-23T17:33:22Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mananap 7790031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = ''Anisoptera'' | status = | image = Sympetrum flaveolum - side (aka).jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = [[Tracheophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Malvales]] | familia = [[Dipterocarpaceae]] | genus = '''Anisoptera''' | species = | binomial = Anisoptera | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} An '''tambuburay''', '''tarimbuburay''', '''talimbuburay''' o '''alidongdong''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Dragonfly'') amo an mananap nga sakop han orden Odonata, ubos-na-orden ''Epiprocta'' o, kun istriktohon, ha infraorden ''Anisoptera''. An '''''Anisoptera'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska [[genus]] han [[Magnoliopsida]]. An ''Anisoptera'' in nahilalakip ha [[familia]] nga [[Dipterocarpaceae]].<ref name = "COL"/> An [[kladograma]] hini sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>: {{Clade | label1 = [[Dipterocarpaceae]]&nbsp; | 1={{Clade | label1 = '''''&nbsp;Anisoptera&nbsp;''''' | 1={{Clade | 1=''[[Anisoptera aurea]]'' | 2=''[[Anisoptera brunnea]]'' | 3=''[[Anisoptera costata]]'' | 4=''[[Anisoptera grossivenia]]'' | 5=''[[Anisoptera laevis]]'' | 6=''[[Anisoptera marginata]]'' | 7=''[[Anisoptera megistocarpa]]'' | 8=''[[Anisoptera reticulata]]'' | 9=''[[Anisoptera scaphula]]'' | 10=''[[Anisoptera thurifera]]'' }} | 2=''[[Cotylelobium]]'' | 3=''[[Dipterocarpus]]'' | 4=''[[Dryobalanops]]'' | 5=''[[Hopea]]'' | 6=''[[Marquesia]]'' | 7=''[[Monotes]]'' | 8=''[[Neobalanocarpus]]'' | 9=''[[Pakaraimaea]]'' | 10=''[[Parashorea]]'' | 11=''[[Pseudomonotes]]'' | 12=''[[Shorea]]'' | 13=''[[Stemonoporus]]'' | 14=''[[Upuna]]'' | 15=''[[Vateria]]'' | 16=''[[Vateriopsis]]'' | 17=''[[Vatica]]'' }} }} ==Pinanbasaran== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/browse/tree/id/17171856|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist.|author= Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed)| date = 2014|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 26 Mayo 2014}}</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Anisoptera|''Anisoptera''}} {{Wikispecies|Anisoptera|''Anisoptera''}} [[Kaarangay:Anisoptera]] [[Kaarangay:Mananap]] 7tcl698i0l7gvah6e48y2jpir86qooh 0 18258 7790032 6203597 2026-10-23T17:35:59Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles 7790032 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cairns birdwing - melbourne zoo.jpg|thumb|alibangbang]] [[Paypay:Mating Common Buckeyes.jpg|thumbnail|alibangbang]] An '''alibangbáng'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 7.</ref> ([[Iningles]]: ''Butterfly'') amo an [[mananap]] ha orden [[Lepidoptera]]. [[Kakanog]] naman an tawag sa dako na alibangbang. May [[paku]] na dagko ngan ma[[kulay]] an mga alibangbang. An mga alibangbang nababahin sa ''superfamily Papilionoidea'', ''superfamily Hesperioidea'' ngan ''superfamily Hedyloidea''. An giaagapi na [[posil]] san alibangbang na-petsa sadton ''mid-Eocene epoch'', 40–50 milyon katuig an nakalabay<ref name=halletal2004>{{cite journal | author = Hall J.P.W., Robbins R.K., Harvey D.J. | year = 2004 | title = Extinction and biogeography in the Caribbean: new evidence from a fossil riodinid butterfly in Dominican amber | url = | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society B | volume = 271 | issue = 1541| pages = 797–801 | doi = 10.1098/rspb.2004.2691 | pmid=15255097 | pmc=1691661}}</ref>. == Mga kasarigan == {{reflist}} {{turók}} {{Commonscat|Lepidoptera}} [[Kaarangay:Mananap]] [[kaarangay:Lepidoptera]] 0lo5ovfg4ga14k4kipbhumm4bx165b5 0 18259 7790035 7651201 2026-10-23T17:40:21Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles 7790035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Grasshopper | image = Young grasshopper on grass stalk02.jpg | image_width = 200px | image_caption = | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Arthropod]]a | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Orthoptera]] | subordo = '''Caelifera''' | subordo_authority = [[Kjell Ernst Viktor Ander|Ander]], 1939 | subdivision_ranks = Superfamilies | subdivision = *[[Tridactyloidea]] *[[Tetrigoidea]] *[[Eumastacoidea]] *[[Pneumoroidea]] *[[Pyrgomorphidae|Pyrgomorphoidea]] *[[Acridoidea]] *[[Tanaoceroidea]] *[[Trigonopterygoidea]] }} An '''apan''' o '''prikmun''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Grasshopper'') amo an [[mananap]] ha ubos-na-orden Caelifera ha orden [[Orthoptera]]. ==Mga kasarigan== {{reflist}} [[Kaarangay:Mananap]] {{Commonscat|Caelifera}} 268hc64s0c7rlqoit70qiftaaukh1ah 0 19487 7790025 5429872 2026-10-23T17:25:32Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles 7790025 wikitext text/x-wiki :''Para han bungto ha Northen Samar, kitaa [[Lapinig, Northern Samar]].'' [[File:Aleiodes indiscretus wasp parasitizing gypsy moth caterpillar.jpg|thumb]] An '''lapinig'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 191.</ref> ([[Iningles]]: ''Wasp'') amo an mga [[mananap]] ha sulod han orden [[Hymenoptera]] ngan ubos-orden Aprocrita nga diri [[bubuyog]] o [[tubak]]. == Mga kasarigan == {{reflist}} [[kaarangay:mananap]] [[nl:Wespen]] [[pl:Osa]] mr46io1d83zycnxzxftw1g1j4sclhwl 0 19798 7790126 7785691 2026-10-24T11:56:31Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790126 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Force.png|thumb]] Ha [[pisika]], an '''kusog''' o '''pwersa''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Force'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Lakas'') amo an nagpapabalyo o may kapas magbalyo han estado han diri pagkiwa o kiwa han usa ka butang. ==Pinanbasaran== {{Reflist}} ==Padugang nga barasahon== {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Corben |first=H.C. |author2=Philip Stehle|title=Classical Mechanics|url=https://archive.org/details/classicalmechani0000corb_b6w8 |location=New York |publisher=Dover publications |year=1994 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/classicalmechani0000corb_b6w8/page/28 28]–31 |isbn=0-486-68063-0}} * {{cite book |last=Cutnell |first=John D. |last2=Johnson |first2=Kenneth W. |title=Physics, Sixth Edition |publisher=John Wiley & Sons Inc. |year=2003 |location=Hoboken, New Jersey |isbn=0471151831 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Feynman|first=Richard P.|last2=Leighton |first3=Matthew |last3=Sands |title=The Feynman lectures on physics. Vol. I: Mainly mechanics, radiation and heat|year=2010|publisher=BasicBooks|location=New York|isbn=978-0465024933|edition=New millennium |ref={{harvid|Feynman volume 1}} }} * {{cite book|last=Feynman|first=Richard P.|first2=Robert B. |last2=Leighton |first3=Matthew |last3=Sands |title=The Feynman lectures on physics. Vol. II: Mainly electromagnetism and matter|year=2010|publisher=BasicBooks|location=New York|isbn=978-0465024940|edition=New millennium|ref={{harvid|Feynman volume 2}} }} * {{cite book |last=Halliday |first=David |first2=Robert |last2=Resnick |first3=Kenneth S. |last3=Krane |title=Physics v. 1 |location=New York |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2001 |isbn=0-471-32057-9 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Kleppner|first=Daniel|first2=Robert J. |last2=Kolenkow|title=An introduction to mechanics|year=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0521198216|edition=3. print |ref=harv}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Parker |first=Sybil |title=force |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Physics |page=107, |location=Ohio |publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=1993 |isbn=0-07-051400-3}} * {{cite book |last=Sears F., Zemansky M. & Young H. |title=University Physics |url=https://archive.org/details/universityphysic0000sear_a7t6 |publisher=Addison-Wesley |location=Reading, Massachusetts |year=1982 |isbn=0-201-07199-1}} * {{cite book |last=Serway |first=Raymond A. |title=Physics for Scientists and Engineers |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Saunders College Publishing |year=2003 |isbn=0-534-40842-7}} * {{cite book |last=Tipler |first=Paul |title=Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Mechanics, Oscillations and Waves, Thermodynamics |url=https://archive.org/details/physicsforscient0002tipl |edition=5th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |year=2004 |isbn=0-7167-0809-4}} * {{cite book |last=Verma |first=H.C. |title=Concepts of Physics Vol 1. |edition=2004 Reprint |publisher=Bharti Bhavan |year=2004 |isbn=8177091875}} {{Refend}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Forces}} {{wiktionary}} * [http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Physics/8-01Physics-IFall1999/VideoLectures/detail/Video-Segment-Index-for-L-6.htm Video lecture on Newton's three laws] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411233349/http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Physics/8-01Physics-IFall1999/VideoLectures/detail/Video-Segment-Index-for-L-6.htm |date=2008-04-11 }} by [[Walter Lewin]] from [[MIT OpenCourseWare]] * [http://phy.hk/wiki/englishhtm/Vector.htm A Java simulation on vector addition of forces] * [https://youtube.com/watch?v=DkWKvMtdLYU Force demonstrated as any influence on an object that changes the object's shape or motion (video)] [[Kaarangay:Mekanika]] [[gd:Neart]] er7cd8dlhp8asqm0rjyekx63n04ll8q 0 20005 7790071 5590689 2026-10-23T20:25:15Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Batasan hin tawo 7790071 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sleeping baby cat.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Sleepy men.JPG|thumb]] An '''Katurog'''<ref name="Abuyen, Tomas A. 2000. p 165">Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 165.</ref> o '''pagkaturog'''<ref name="Abuyen, Tomas A. 2000. p 165"/> amo an estado han pagdiskanso, nga nahihitabo ha kadam-an han mga hayop ngan tawo. == Mga kasarigan == {{reflist}} {{turók}} {{Commonscat|Sleep}} [[Kaarangay:Batasan hin tawo]] 2rbrqwogh5el43xcba395ry8tci5l1a 0 25498 7790125 6189782 2026-10-24T10:43:11Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mga kadagatan 7790125 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Philippine Sea location.jpg|thumb]] An '''Dagat Pilipinas''' usa nga dagat marginal ha sinirangan ngan amihanan han [[Pilipinas]] nga may kahaluag nga 2 Milyones mi² (5 Milyones km²) ha katundan nga bahin han Amihanan [[Kalawdan Pasipiko]]. Napapalibotan hini han kapuropod-an Pilipinas ([[Luzon]], [[Samar]], [[Leyte]] ngan [[Mindanao]]) ha salatan-katundan; [[Palau]], [[Yap]], ngan [[Ulithi]] ha salatan-sinirangan; an [[Kapuropod-an Mariana|Marianas]], lakip an [[Guam]], [[Saipan]], ngan [[Tinian]], ha sinirangan; an [[Bonin]] ngan [[Iwo Jima]] ha amihanan-sinirangan; an mga puro han [[Hapon]] nga [[Honshu]], [[Shikoku]], ngan [[Kyūshū]] ha amihanan; an kapuropod-an [[Ryukyu]] ([[Okinawa]], [[Miyako]], ngan [[Yaeyama]]) ha amihanan-katundan; ngan [[Taiwan]] ha harayo nga katundan. {{turok}} {{Commonscat|Philippine Sea}} [[Kaarangay:Mga kadagatan|Pilipinas]] rqrs2vw1h6kqjy22won2340bz8bo6s9 0 33832 7790029 6203454 2026-10-23T17:30:16Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles 7790029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = bangkâ | image = Blaberus giganteus MHNT dos.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = ''[[Blaberus giganteus]]'' | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Arthropod]]a | classis = [[Insect]]a | subclassis = [[Pterygota]] | infraclassis = [[Neoptera]] | superordo = [[Dictyoptera]] | ordo = '''Blattaria''' | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = [[Blaberidae]]<br /> [[Blattellidae]]<br /> [[Blattidae]]<br /> [[Cryptocercidae]]<br /> [[Polyphagidae]]<br /> [[Nocticolidae]]<br /> [[Tryonicidae]]<br /> [[Lamproblattidae]]<br /> }} An '''bangkâ'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 32. </ref> o '''uk-uk''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Cockroach'') usa nga klase nga [[mananap]] ha ilarom han order '''Blattaria''' og '''[[Blattodea]]''', ngan may ada harani 30 species sa total na 4,500 mahihiagian sa mga panimalay. Upat naman nga species an matatawag na peste. == Mga kasarigan == {{reflist}} {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mananap]] {{Commonscat|Blattodea}} 9p2per7qzqq2om2d9uiq2im8cqmbo4f 0 35463 7790017 5429875 2026-10-23T17:14:14Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles 7790017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Langaw | image = Diptera1.jpg | image_cafption = Ladawan hin dirudilain nga mga espesye han langaw | image_width = 240px | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Arthropod]]a | classis = [[Insect]]a | subclassis = [[Pterygota]] | infraclassis = [[Neoptera]] | superordo = [[Endopterygota]] | ordo = '''Diptera''' | ordo_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[Systema Naturae|1758]] | subdivision_ranks = Suborders | subdivision = [[Nematocera]] (lakip an [[Eudiptera]])<br> [[Brachycera]] }} An mga '''langaw'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''Diksyunaryo Waray-Waray [Visaya] English-Tagalog'''. Kalayaan Press Mktg. Ent., Inc. Quezon City. Tuig 2000. ISBN 971-08-6050-X. Pakli Ihap 189. </ref> ([[Iningles]]: ''Fly'') amo in mga [[mananap]] nga aada ha orden Diptera. ==Mga kasarigan== {{reflist}} {{turok}} {{Commonscat|Diptera}} [[kaarangay:mananap]] 90g7y4e42vgeq35bcb2fiqobv10mi6z 10 78325 7790122 6221395 2026-10-24T10:23:23Z Ziv 62318 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:DE Landkreis Erlangen-Hoechstadt COA.svg]] → [[File:DEU Landkreis Erlangen-Höchstadt COA.svg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] · corr. 7790122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name=Mga syudad ngan mga bungto ha Erlangen-Höchstadt (distrito) |image=[[Image:DEU Landkreis Erlangen-Höchstadt COA.svg|right|30px|Coat of Arms of Erlangen-Höchstadt district]] |title=Mga bungto ngan mga munisipalidad ha [[Erlangen-Höchstadt]] |liststyle=font-size:95%; |list1= [[Adelsdorf, Bavaria|Adelsdorf]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Aurachtal]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Baiersdorf]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Bubenreuth]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Buckenhof]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Eckental]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Gremsdorf]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Großenseebach]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Hemhofen]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Heroldsberg]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Herzogenaurach]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Heßdorf]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Höchstadt]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Kalchreuth]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Lonnerstadt]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Marloffstein]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Möhrendorf]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Mühlhausen, Middle Franconia|Mühlhausen]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Oberreichenbach, Bavaria|Oberreichenbach]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Röttenbach]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Spardorf]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Uttenreuth]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Vestenbergsgreuth]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Wachenroth]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Weisendorf]]&nbsp; }}<noinclude> [[Kaarangay:Bavaria cities and towns by district templates|Erlangen-Höchstadt]] </noinclude> p2o6wq6tsdj5jrnmo8x0pe629zr5xbv 10 78368 7790121 6279933 2026-10-24T10:13:38Z Ziv 62318 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Wappen Landkreis Mühldorf am Inn.svg]] → [[File:DEU Landkreis Mühldorf am Inn COA.svg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] · Harmonisation of a fileset 7790121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name=Mga syudad ngan mga bungto ha Mühldorf (distrito) |image=[[Image:DEU Landkreis Mühldorf am Inn COA.svg|40px|]] |title=Mga bungto ngan mga munisipalidad ha [[Mühldorf (distrito)|Mühldorf]] |liststyle=font-size:95%; |list1= [[Ampfing]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Aschau am Inn]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Buchbach]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Egglkofen]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Erharting]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Gars]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Haag in Oberbayern]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Heldenstein]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Jettenbach]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Kirchdorf, Upper Bavaria|Kirchdorf]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Kraiburg]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Lohkirchen]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Maitenbeth]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Mettenheim]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Mühldorf]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Neumarkt-Sankt Veit]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Niederbergkirchen]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Niedertaufkirchen]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Oberbergkirchen]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Oberneukirchen]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Obertaufkirchen]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Polling, Mühldorf|Polling]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Rattenkirchen]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Rechtmehring]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Reichertsheim]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Schönberg, Upper Bavaria|Schönberg]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Schwindegg]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Taufkirchen, Mühldorf|Taufkirchen]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Unterreit]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Waldkraiburg]]&nbsp;{{!}} <!-- -->[[Zangberg]]&nbsp; }}<noinclude> [[Kaarangay:Bavaria cities and towns by district templates|Muhldorf]] </noinclude> iu27dodp08xtssq6hhizjlwryl9uae4 0 117802 7790033 6260988 2026-10-23T17:37:32Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles, Kaarangay:Mananap 7790033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Marongparong | image = Opodiphthera eucalypti male.jpg | image_width = 200px | image_caption = Emperor Gum Moth, ''[[Opodiphthera eucalypti]]'' | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Arthropod]]a | classis = [[Insect]]a | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | unranked_familia = '''[[Heterocera]]''' }} An '''marongparong'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''DICTIONARY English Waray-Waray/Tagalog.''' National Book Store. Mandaluyong City. ISBN 971-08-6529-3. Tuig 2005. Pakli Ihap 226.</ref>, '''sugbà-sugbà'''<ref>Abuyen, Tomas A. '''DICTIONARY English Waray-Waray/Tagalog.''' National Book Store. Mandaluyong City. ISBN 971-08-6529-3. Tuig 2005. Pakli Ihap 226.</ref> o '''kakanog''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Moth'') amo an mga [[mananap]] nga harani ha [[alibangbang]], hira nga duha mga sakop ha orden [[Lepidoptera]]. == Mga kasarigan == {{reflist}} {{turók}} [[kaarangay:Lepidoptera]] [[Kaarangay:Mananap]] rps6hquwp598b2o3b02gg92rbqa3ajl 0 130647 7790005 7748867 2026-10-23T15:00:33Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay, Kaarangay:Mga karaonon 7790005 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayl:Salt Farmers - Pak Thale.jpg|thumb]] An '''asin''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Salt'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Asin'', [[Sinugboanon]]: ''Asin'') in uska [[molekula]] nga pag-urusa han [[atomiko]] [[sodyo]] (Na) ngan [[klorin]] (Cl) (''SodyumChloride, NaCl'') nakukuha ini ha [[tubig]] [[dagat]] pina-agi hit pag eliminar han tubig, ka eliminar han tubig mapabilin an [[asin]]. Ini in [[kinahanglan]]on ha [[kinabuhi]] han mga [[hayop]] ha taragudti nga kadamo, pero nakakaraot ha mga hayop ngan mga [[tanum]] kon nasobra. Ini in usa ha gidadaan-i ngan gingiginamit nga panakot ha pag[[kaun]]. An asin diri [[matam-is]], diri [[maharang]], diri [[ma-aslum]], diri [[ma-pait]] ([[Pambansa]]: ''Maalat''). Ini in uska [[karaonon]] u guin sasagul ha [[irimnon]] o pagkaon. == Pinagbasaran == ;Mga libro {{Refbegin}} * {{Cite book |last=Barber |first=Elizabeth Wayland | date = 1999 |title=The Mummies of Ürümchi |url=https://archive.org/details/mummiesofurumchi00barb |publication-place=New York |publisher=W.W. Norton & Co |isbn =0-393-32019-7 |oclc=48426519 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Carusi |first=Cristina |title=Il sale nel mondo greco, VI a.C.-III d.C.: luoghi di produzione, circolazione commerciale, regimi di sfruttamento nel contesto del Mediterraneo antico |trans_title=Salt in the Greek World, from the Sixth Century BC to the Third Century AD: Places of Production, Circulation, and Commercial Exploitation Schemes in the Ancient Mediterranean |isbn=9788872285428 |language=Spanish | date = 2008 |publisher=Edipuglia |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Dalton |first=Dennis |title=Mahatma Gandhi: Selected Political Writings |publisher=Hackett Publishing Company |isbn=0-87220-330-1 | date = 1996 |pages=71–73 |chapter=Introduction to ''Civil Disobedience'' |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Er59fRsspgoC |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Kurlansky |first=Mark | date = 2002 |title=Salt: A World History |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780965033503 |place=New York |publication-place=New York |publisher=Walker & Co |isbn =0-8027-1373-4 |oclc=48573453 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Livingston |first=James V. |title=Agriculture and soil pollution: new research |publisher=Nova Publishers | date = 2005 |isbn=1-59454-310-0 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=W6ToDne5AsMC&pg=PA45 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=McGee |first=Harold |title=On Food and Cooking |publisher=Scribner |edition=2nd | date = 2004 |isbn=9781416556374 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bKVCtH4AjwgC |ref=harv}} * {{Cite book |last=Multhauf |first=Robert | date = 1996 |title=Neptune's Gift |publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=978-0801854699}} * {{Cite book |last1=Shahidi |first1=Fereidoon |last2=Shi |first2=John |last3=Ho |first3=Chi-Tang |title=Asian functional foods |publisher=CRC Press |location=Boca Raton | date = 2005 |isbn=0-8247-5855-2 |ref=harv}} {{Refend}} ;Iba nga publikasyon {{Refbegin}} * {{Cite doi |10.1073/pnas.090034797 }} <!-- {{sfn|Caldwell|Schaller|Lasher|Peles|2000}} --> * {{Cite doi |10.1053/j.jrn.2008.10.006 }} <!-- {{sfn|Dumler|2009}} --> * {{Cite doi |10.1002/0471238961.1915040902051820.a01.pub2 }} <!-- {{sfn|Feldman|2005}} --> * {{Cite web |last=Kostick |first=Dennis S. |url=http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/salt/myb1-2010-salt.pdf |title=Salt |date=1 Nobyembre 2011 |work=2010 Minerals Yearbook |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |accessdate=12 Marso 2013 |ref=harv |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104429/http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/salt/myb1-2010-salt.pdf |url-status= }} * {{Cite doi |10.2105/AJPH.77.2.219 }} <!-- {{sfn|Markel|1987}} --> * {{Cite doi |10.2215/CJN.04660709 }} <!-- {{sfn|McCarron|Geerling|Kazaks|Stern|2009}} --> * {{Cite doi |10.1016/j.dsr.2007.10.001}} <!-- {{sfn|Millero|Feistel|Wright|McDougall|2008}} --> * {{Cite techreport |title=Potassium- and sodium ferrocyanides |date=3 Disyembre 2001 |institution=European Commission: Scientific Committee on Animal Nutrition |url=http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scan/out70_en.pdf |ref={{harvid|European Commission|2001}} |access-date=2 Pebrero 2015 |archive-date=3 Hunyo 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603153544/http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scan/out70_en.pdf |url-status=dead }} <!-- {{sfn|European Commission|2001}} --> * {{Cite doi |10.1007/BF02908207 }} <!-- {{sfn|Schmeda-Hirschmann|1994}} --> * {{Cite doi |10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60031-2 }} <!-- {{sfn|Selwitz|Ismail|Pitts|2007}} --> * {{Cite doi |10.1136/bmj.b4567 }} <!-- {{sfn|Strazzullo|d'Elia|Kandala|Cappuccio|2009}} --> * {{Cite doi |10.2147/DDDT.S12894 }} <!-- {{sfn|Vaidya|Chakera|Pearce|2011}} --> * {{Cite journal |last1=Weller |first1=Olivier |last2=Dumitroaia |first2=Gheorghe |url=http://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/weller/ | title=The earliest salt production in the world: an early Neolithic exploitation in Poiana Slatinei-Lunca, Romania | journal=Antiquity | volume=79 | issue=306 |date= Disyembre 2005 |ref=harv}} * {{Cite conference |last1=Weller |first1=Olivier |last2=Brigand |first2=Robin |last3=Nuninger |first3=Laure | title=Spatial Analysis of Salt Springs Exploration in Moldavian Pre-Carpatic Prehistory (Romania) |conference=Spatial dynamics of settlement and natural ressources: toward an integrated analysis over the long term from Prehistory to Middle Ages. University of Burgundy, Dijon, 23–25 June |publisher=ArchæDyn | date = 2008 |url=http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/41/60/26/PDF/archaedyn2008_weller_brigand_etal.pdf |ref=harv}} * {{Cite doi |10.1002/14356007.a24_317.pub4 }} <!-- {{sfn|Westphal|Kristen|Wegener|Ambatiello|2010}} --> {{Refend}} == Mga sumpay ha gawas == {{Sister project links|wikt=salt|commons=Salt|b=Cookbook:Salt|s=Littell's Living Age/Volume 4/Issue 34/Salt in Abyssinia|v=Extra info on food consumption#Salt/potassium intake|n=no|q=no}} *[http://www.iccidd.org/index.php International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103165136/http://www.iccidd.org/index.php |date= 3 Nobyembre 2011 }} *[http://www.saltinstitute.org/ Salt Institute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022153818/http://www.saltinstitute.org/ |date= 22 Oktubre 2012 }} [[Kaarangay:Mga karaonon]] 2kz3ltmeqs99iirlp27i7p6d7fxbgu4 0 140738 7790066 7749198 2026-10-23T20:17:30Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay, Kaarangay:Tsina 7790066 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Bamboo book - binding - UCR.jpg|thumb]] An '''Arte han Gera''' in usa ka [[Tsinino]] nga [[surat]] pan[[militar]]. ==Mga pagkukuhaan ngan mga paghubad== [[File:The Art of War Running Press.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Running Press]] [[Miniature book|miniature edition]] of the 1994 Ralph D. Sawyer translation, printed in 2003]] * {{cite book | author=Sun Tzu ginhubad ni [[Lionel Giles]]| title= The Art of War by Sun Tzu – Special Edition | url=https://archive.org/details/artofwarbysuntzu0000sunt| publisher=El Paso Norte Press | year=2005 | isbn=0-9760726-9-6}} * {{cite book | author=Sun Tzu ginhubad ni R. L. Wing | title= The Art of Strategy | url=https://archive.org/details/artofstrategynew0000sunz | publisher=Main Street Books | year=1988 |isbn=0-385-23784-7}} * {{cite book | author=Sun Tzu ginhubad ni Ralph D. Sawyer | title= The Art of War | publisher=Barnes & Noble | year=1994 |isbn=1-56619-297-8}} * {{cite book | author=Sun Tzu ginhubad ni Chow-Hou Wee| title= Sun Zi Art of War: An Illustrated Translation with Asian Perspectives and Insights| publisher=Pearson Education Asia | year=2003 | isbn=0-13-100137-X}} * {{cite book | author=Sun Tzu ginhubad ni [[Samuel B. Griffith]] | title= The Art of War | url=https://archive.org/details/artofwargriff00sunz | publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1963 | isbn=0-19-501476-6}} Part of the [[UNESCO Collection of Representative Works]]. * {{cite book | author=Sun Tzu ginhubad ni [[John Minford]] | title= The Art of War | url=https://archive.org/details/artofwar0000sunz_f7l9 | publisher=Viking | year=2002 |isbn=0-670-03156-9}} * {{cite book | author=Sun Tzu ginhubad ni [[Thomas Cleary]]| title=The Art Of War| publisher=Shambhala Publications | year=1991 |isbn=0-87773-537-9}} * {{cite book | author=Sun Tzu ginhubad ni [[Victor H. Mair]] | title=The Art of War: Sun Zi's Military Methods | publisher=Columbia University Press | year = 2007 |isbn= 978-0-231-13382-1}} * {{cite book | author=Sun Tzu edited by [[James Clavell]] | title= The Art of War | publisher=Delacorte Press | year=1983|isbn=0-385-29216-3}} * {{cite book | author=Sun-Tzu ginhubad ni Roger Ames | title=The Art of Warfare | publisher=Random House | year=1993 | isbn=0-345-36239-X}}. * {{cite book | author=Sun Tzu ginhubad han Denma translation group | title=The Art of War: the Denma translation |publisher=Shambhala Publications | year=2001 | isbn=1-57062-904-8}} * {{cite book | author=Sun Tzu ginhubad ni J.H. Huang | title= The Art of War: The New Translation | url=https://archive.org/details/suntzunewtransla00sunz | publisher=Quill William Morrow | year=1993 | isbn=0-688-12400-3}} * {{cite book | author=Sun Tzu ginhubad ni Donald G. Krause | title= The Art of War For Executives | url=https://archive.org/details/artofwarforexecu00krau | publisher=Berkely Publishing Group; Perigee Books | year=1995 | isbn=0-399-51902-5}} * {{cite book | author=Sun Tzu ginhubad ni Stephen F. Kaufman | title= The Art of War: The Definitive Interpretation of Sun Tzu's Classic Book of Strategy| url=https://archive.org/details/artofwardefiniti0000kauf | publisher=Tuttle Publishing| year=1996 | isbn=0-8048-3080-0}} * {{cite book | author=Sun Tzu ginhubad ni Yuan Shibing | title= Sun Tzu's Art of War: The Modern Chinese Interpretation |publisher=Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. | year=1987 | isbn=0-8069-6638-6}} * Sun Tzu ginhubad ni [[Thomas Huynh]] and the Editors of Sonshi.com (2008). ''The Art of War: Spirituality for Conflict''. Skylight Paths Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59473-244-7 * Sun Tzu ginhubad ha [[Hindi]] ni Madhuker Upadhyay (2001). 'Yudhkala'. ISBN 81-7778-041-7 * {{cite book |last= |first= |author=Sun Tzu |authorlink= |coauthors= |editor= |others=translated by Gary Gagliardi |title=The Art of War plus The Ancient Chinese Revealed |origdate= |origyear= |month= |url= |format= |accessdate= |year=2003 |publisher=Clearbridge Publishing |location=Hillsborough, Washington |language= |isbn=1-929194-42-0 |doi = |pages= |chapter=|chapterurl= |quote = }} *{{cite book |last= |first= |author=Sun Tzu ginhubad ni James Trapp |title=The Art of War: a New Translation |year=2012 |publisher=Chartwell Books |isbn=9780785829225|oclc=767566607}} ==Pinanbasaran== {{Reflist}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Wikisource|The Art of War (Sun)|The Art of War}} {{Wikiquote}} {{Commons category|Sun Tzu}} * [http://ctext.org/art-of-war The Art of War] Chinese-English bilingual edition, [[Chinese Text Project]] * {{gutenberg|no=132|name=The Art of War ''translated by Lionel Giles (1910)'}} * [http://www.archive.org/details/art_of_war_librivox ''Art of War'' audio book], public domain solo recording by Moira Fogarty at Internet Archive * ''The Art of War'', Restored version of Lionel Giles translation: {{PDFlink|[http://www.paxlibrorum.com/res/downloads/taowde.pdf Direct link to PDF]|216&nbsp;KB}}) * [http://obooko.com/obooko_history/bookpages/hist0006-free-ebook-the-art-of-war-sun-tzu.php The Art of War by Sun Tzu] Free ebook: Lionel Giles translation available in pdf, ePub and Kindle formats. * [http://suntzufrance.fr Sun Tzu France] French reference website concerning The Art of War * [http://www.sonshi.com/ Sun Tzu's ''Art of War''] at Sonshi * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080527081835/http://www.ndu.edu/inss/siws/cont.html Sun Tzu and Information Warfare] at the Institute for National Strategic Studies of [[National Defense University]] [[Kaarangay:Tsina]] 5ut3u0byxsxqb85d0efo2oq8p6w5qke 0 155376 7790119 2259873 2026-10-24T09:38:16Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Iskultura 7790119 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Totem RMBC 1.jpg|thumb]] An mga '''totem nga palo''' in monumental nga [[iskultura]] tikgan ha dagko nga puno, kasagaran Western Red Cedar, hin mga [[kultura]] han tuminongnong nga [[katawahan]] han [[Kalawdan Pacifico|Pacifico]] [[kanawayan]] nga [[baybayon]] han [[Amihanan nga Amerika]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Iskultura]] kt1bwzboijkatfc4y62cywxxzozuthp 0 156062 7790051 7785012 2026-10-23T19:20:42Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles 7790051 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Raw egg.jpg|thumb]] Iton '''pula hin bunay''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Yolk'') in bahin han uska [[Bunay (pagkaon)|bunay]] nga natubong han nadako nga [[Embryon (biyolohiya)|embryo]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Bunay (pagkaon)]] 4wa0vq72a622o9jjjd622x73i2lu9cf 0 156064 7790099 2260476 2026-10-24T08:15:32Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Matematika 7790099 wikitext text/x-wiki Iton '''teyorya hin mulay''' in paagi hin [[pag-aram]] hin stratehiko nga paghimo hin desisyon. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Matematika]] 15255unxalgpih4m6r5l4yq2lwgkj4i 0 156845 7790118 6352914 2026-10-24T09:36:32Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Iskultura 7790118 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:David von Michelangelo.jpg|thumb]] '''David''' in obra maestra han [[iskultura]] renasimyento nga hinimo ha butnga han tuig 1501 ngan 1504, ni [[Italya]]no nga man-aarte nga hi [[Michelangelo]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Iskultura]] bnhw0nnk2agjoz0hsm8s4qp14o3cij7 0 157511 7790108 2261238 2026-10-24T08:54:14Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay, Kaarangay:Inhenyeriya 7790108 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Rankine William signature.jpg|right|thumb|200px|William John Macquorn Rankine]] Hi '''William John Macquorn Rankine''' ([[Hulyo 5]], [[1820]] - [[Disyembre 24]], [[1872]]), usa nga [[Escocia|Escociano]] [[Fisika|fisisita]] ngan [[Inhenyeriya|inhenyero]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Biyograpiya|Rankine, William John Macquorn]] [[Kaarangay:Inhenyeriya|Rankine, William John Macquorn]] [[Kaarangay:Fisika|Rankine, William John Macquorn]] 15spx6fo13diaeb8j6wh0v4rdqkjvsd 14 159795 7790068 2584595 2026-10-23T20:19:37Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Hinduismo 7790068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Mahabharata}} [[Kaarangay:Hinduismo]] 21qggzu6blpwhvxrwaxcy693gcm9amn 0 160563 7790064 7788077 2026-10-23T20:14:04Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles 7790064 wikitext text/x-wiki Iton '''pagbaro''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Learning'') in pag[[karawat]] hin mga [[impormasyon]], [[inadman]], [[batasan]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Pag-aram]] [[Kaarangay:Batasan hin tawo]] 30izc7xiczm6sfymhcjog8ymoxnncid 14 161677 7790116 2604682 2026-10-24T09:34:33Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Iskultura 7790116 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Iskultura]] 4psgr3nom0qd0tg2sya29ri84j5k5cm 0 162994 7790048 6223232 2026-10-23T19:09:58Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790048 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Adolphe_Millot_oeufs-fixed.jpg|thumb]] Iton '''bunay''' usa nga [[surudlan]] organiko nga nagsusulod hin zygote kun diin iton usa nga [[Embryon (biyolohiya)|embryo]] hin [[hayop]] in nagtutubo tubtub ini makabuhi ha iya kalugaringon; inin nga punto nagpupusa an hayop. Iton bunay nagreresulta han fertilisasyon han usa ka [[ovum]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Bunay| ]] 6nhst9825t4royae3vf328gez59hovk 14 164335 7790106 2582124 2026-10-24T08:48:10Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Kimika 7790106 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Kimika]] qp321c9jzidd9dsuida9uvkhb0blw45 14 164463 7790094 2579558 2026-10-24T07:53:43Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Anatomiya 7790094 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Anatomiya]] jq2pbzpw1h6fe08mysgvr48lb6ofh93 14 165166 7790092 2593259 2026-10-24T07:52:06Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Biyolohiya hin selula 7790092 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Biyolohiya hin selula]] 11vxzvb5u7pu83x0dun33k9yc3g5zjd 14 165176 7790072 2602144 2026-10-23T20:27:46Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Seksuwalidad hin tawo 7790072 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Seksuwalidad hin tawo]] c849wuypkhzhgz61ka22oiltymezkgz 14 165214 7790093 2563642 2026-10-24T07:53:01Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Biyolohiya 7790093 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Biyolohiya]] rsb2vxzw241lkvv9ap0sz23giklan0g 14 167190 7790041 1735835 2026-10-23T18:46:52Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Hayop 7790041 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Hayop]] [[Kaarangay:Chordata]] 1dtmmqovkysu9ae9gvlro53da5e34zd 0 472193 7790002 6718463 2026-10-23T14:44:26Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles 7790002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Aves|date=2013-03}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Cygnus'' | status = | image = SwansCygnus olor.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = [[Aves]] | ordo = [[Anseriformes]] | familia = [[Anatidae]] | genus = '''Cygnus''' | species = | binomial = Cygnus | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Vertebrata]] | synonyms = }} An '''''Cygnus'''''<ref name = "COL"/> ([[Iningles]]: ''Swan'') in uska [[genus]] han [[Aves]]. An ''Cygnus'' in nahilalakip ha [[familia]] nga [[Anatidae]].<ref name = "COL"/> An [[kladograma]] hini sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>: {{Clade | label1 = '''''Cygnus&nbsp;''''' | 1={{Clade | 1=''[[Cygnus atratus]]'' | 2=''[[Cygnus buccinator]]'' | 3=''[[Cygnus columbianus]]'' | 4=''[[Cygnus cygnus]]'' | 5=''[[Cygnus melancoryphus]]'' | 6=''[[Cygnus olor]]'' }} }} ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/cygnus/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Cygnus}} {{Wikispecies|Cygnus|''Cygnus''}} [[Kaarangay:Cygnus]] ckk1zw7ngzirmrkrmbcekk1t2uotshw 0 695001 7790038 6822246 2026-10-23T17:45:34Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mananap 7790038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Arachnida|date=2013-04}} {{Taxobox | name = Ixodida | status = | image = Tick male (aka).jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Arachnida]] | ordo = '''Ixodida''' | familia = | genus = | species = | binomial = Ixodida | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | synonyms = }} An '''Ixodida''' (''Ixodida'')<ref name = "COL"/> ([[Iningles]]: ''Tick'') in uska [[ordo]] han [[Arachnida]]. An Ixodida in nahilalakip ha [[classis]] nga [[Arachnida]], [[phylum]] nga [[Arthropoda]], ngan [[regnum]] nga [[Animalia]].<ref name = "COL"/> An [[ordo]] nga Ixodida in naglalakip hin 867 ka mga species, sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>. An [[kladograma]] hini sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>: {{Clade | label1 = [[Arachnida]]&nbsp; | 1={{Clade | label1 = '''&nbsp;ixodida&nbsp;''' | 1={{Clade | 1=[[Argasidae]] | 2=[[Ixodidae]] | 3=[[Nuttalliellidae]] }} | 2=[[Amblypygi]] | 3=[[Araneae]] | 4=[[Astigmata]] | 5=[[Holothyrida]] | 6=[[Mesostigmata]] | 7=[[Opilioacarida]] | 8=[[Opiliones]] | 9=[[Palpigradi]] | 10=[[Prostigmata]] | 11=[[Pseudoscorpiones]] | 12=[[Ricinulei]] | 13=[[Sarcoptiformes]] | 14=[[Schizomida]] | 15=[[Scorpiones]] | 16=[[Solifugae]] | 17=[[Trombidiformes]] | 18=[[Uropygi]] }} }} ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web|url= https://catalogueoflife.org/services/res/2011AC_26July.zip|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012|archive-date= 18 Hunyo 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120618223324/https://catalogueoflife.org/services/res/2011AC_26July.zip|url-status= dead}}</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Ixodida}} {{Wikispecies|Ixodida|''Ixodida''}} [[Kaarangay:Mananap]] 48a782a599lt58epoplrs5jp7a72lwc 0 1571469 7790079 6532351 2026-10-24T04:34:59Z Ziv 62318 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:AgriasSeitz.jpg]] → [[File:Seitz5FaunaAmericanaPlate113B - Agrias, borderless.jpg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set) 7790079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Lepidoptera|date=2013-09}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Agrias'' | status = | image = Agrias claudina claudina MHNT dos.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Nymphalidae]] | genus = '''Agrias''' | species = | binomial = Agrias | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Papilionoidea]] | synonyms = }} An '''''Agrias'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska [[genus]] han [[Lepidoptera]]. An ''Agrias'' in nahilalakip ha [[familia]] nga [[Nymphalidae]].<ref name = "COL"/> ==Ilarom nga taxa<ref name = "COL"/>== * ''[[Agrias aedon]]'' * ''[[Agrias aguiro]]'' * ''[[Agrias ahasverus]]'' * ''[[Agrias aloisi]]'' * ''[[Agrias amaryllis]]'' * ''[[Agrias amazona]]'' * ''[[Agrias amazonica]]'' * ''[[Agrias ambiguus]]'' * ''[[Agrias amplificata]]'' * ''[[Agrias amplimarginata]]'' * ''[[Agrias amydon]]'' * ''[[Agrias amydonias]]'' * ''[[Agrias amydonides]]'' * ''[[Agrias anaxagoras]]'' * ''[[Agrias angustior]]'' * ''[[Agrias anna]]'' * ''[[Agrias annae]]'' * ''[[Agrias annetta]]'' * ''[[Agrias antonia]]'' * ''[[Agrias arcuatus]]'' * ''[[Agrias aristoxenus]]'' * ''[[Agrias aspasia]]'' * ''[[Agrias athenais]]'' * ''[[Agrias atromarginata]]'' * ''[[Agrias aurantiaca]]'' * ''[[Agrias aureus]]'' * ''[[Agrias aymesi]]'' * ''[[Agrias beata]]'' * ''[[Agrias beatifica]]'' * ''[[Agrias bella]]'' * ''[[Agrias bellatrix]]'' * ''[[Agrias belsazar]]'' * ''[[Agrias bertrandi]]'' * ''[[Agrias bicolora]]'' * ''[[Agrias biedermanni]]'' * ''[[Agrias bipupillata]]'' * ''[[Agrias bogotana]]'' * ''[[Agrias bolivianus]]'' * ''[[Agrias boliviensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias bonita]]'' * ''[[Agrias bouvieri]]'' * ''[[Agrias breviocellata]]'' * ''[[Agrias brevitaenia]]'' * ''[[Agrias brunhilda]]'' * ''[[Agrias caladonia]]'' * ''[[Agrias calliste]]'' * ''[[Agrias cassandra]]'' * ''[[Agrias chavelotti]]'' * ''[[Agrias chlorotaenia]]'' * ''[[Agrias christinae]]'' * ''[[Agrias chrysotaenia]]'' * ''[[Agrias citrinarius]]'' * ''[[Agrias clara]]'' * ''[[Agrias claudia]]'' * ''[[Agrias claudianus]]'' * ''[[Agrias claudina]]'' * ''[[Agrias clevelandiae]]'' * ''[[Agrias coccinata]]'' * ''[[Agrias coelestis]]'' * ''[[Agrias conjuncta]]'' * ''[[Agrias connectens]]'' * ''[[Agrias connexa]]'' * ''[[Agrias corallina]]'' * ''[[Agrias coronata]]'' * ''[[Agrias croesus]]'' * ''[[Agrias cyanea]]'' * ''[[Agrias cyaneapicalis]]'' * ''[[Agrias cyanecula]]'' * ''[[Agrias cyaneigera]]'' * ''[[Agrias cyanelateralis]]'' * ''[[Agrias cyanemaculata]]'' * ''[[Agrias cyanemixta]]'' * ''[[Agrias cyaneonigra]]'' * ''[[Agrias cyaneradiata]]'' * ''[[Agrias cyanorubra]]'' * ''[[Agrias daudeti]]'' * ''[[Agrias decelli]]'' * ''[[Agrias decolorata]]'' * ''[[Agrias decora]]'' * ''[[Agrias decyanea]]'' * ''[[Agrias delormei]]'' * ''[[Agrias derufata]]'' * ''[[Agrias didoti]]'' * ''[[Agrias distinctus]]'' * ''[[Agrias dryas]]'' * ''[[Agrias dubiosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias dufouri]]'' * ''[[Agrias elegans]]'' * ''[[Agrias eleonora]]'' * ''[[Agrias elongata]]'' * ''[[Agrias eos]]'' * ''[[Agrias estrella]]'' * ''[[Agrias exbiedermanni]]'' * ''[[Agrias excellens]]'' * ''[[Agrias excelsior]]'' * ''[[Agrias excelsissima]]'' * ''[[Agrias extensa]]'' * ''[[Agrias extinctus]]'' * ''[[Agrias extrema]]'' * ''[[Agrias faivrei]]'' * ''[[Agrias falvibasis]]'' * ''[[Agrias fassli]]'' * ''[[Agrias favareli]]'' * ''[[Agrias favorinus]]'' * ''[[Agrias ferdinandi]]'' * ''[[Agrias ferrugineus]]'' * ''[[Agrias flava]]'' * ''[[Agrias flavicellus]]'' * ''[[Agrias flavifasciata]]'' * ''[[Agrias flavopunctata]]'' * ''[[Agrias fochi]]'' * ''[[Agrias foucheri]]'' * ''[[Agrias fournierae]]'' * ''[[Agrias frontina]]'' * ''[[Agrias fruhstorferi]]'' * ''[[Agrias fulvescens]]'' * ''[[Agrias funebris]]'' * ''[[Agrias gelisi]]'' * ''[[Agrias gloriosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias godmani]]'' * ''[[Agrias godmanides]]'' * ''[[Agrias gracilis]]'' * ''[[Agrias grandimaculata]]'' * ''[[Agrias grandis]]'' * ''[[Agrias gratiosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias guisei]]'' * ''[[Agrias guyanensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias hades]]'' * ''[[Agrias hermosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias herthae]]'' * ''[[Agrias hervei]]'' * ''[[Agrias hewitsonius]]'' * ''[[Agrias hoppi]]'' * ''[[Agrias horni]]'' * ''[[Agrias horracki]]'' * ''[[Agrias ictericus]]'' * ''[[Agrias illustrissimus]]'' * ''[[Agrias imecourti]]'' * ''[[Agrias imitata]]'' * ''[[Agrias immaculata]]'' * ''[[Agrias imperatrix]]'' * ''[[Agrias imperialis]]'' * ''[[Agrias impunctata]]'' * ''[[Agrias inca]]'' * ''[[Agrias incarnata]]'' * ''[[Agrias incompleta]]'' * ''[[Agrias infernalis]]'' * ''[[Agrias inornatrix]]'' * ''[[Agrias intensa]]'' * ''[[Agrias intermedius]]'' * ''[[Agrias interrupta]]'' * ''[[Agrias interruptus]]'' * ''[[Agrias itaituba]]'' * ''[[Agrias ixion]]'' * ''[[Agrias jacobi]]'' * ''[[Agrias jactator]]'' * ''[[Agrias joffrei]]'' * ''[[Agrias jonensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias jordani]]'' * ''[[Agrias larseni]]'' * ''[[Agrias latifasciata]]'' * ''[[Agrias latona]]'' * ''[[Agrias le moulti]]'' * ''[[Agrias lecerfi]]'' * ''[[Agrias leopoldi]]'' * ''[[Agrias lesoudieri]]'' * ''[[Agrias levicki]]'' * ''[[Agrias linda]]'' * ''[[Agrias lindissima]]'' * ''[[Agrias livida]]'' * ''[[Agrias loki]]'' * ''[[Agrias lucasi]]'' * ''[[Agrias lugens]]'' * ''[[Agrias lugina]]'' * ''[[Agrias luxuriosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias magdalenae]]'' * ''[[Agrias manaoensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias mapiri]]'' * ''[[Agrias margaritifera]]'' * ''[[Agrias maroniensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias marquei]]'' * ''[[Agrias mauensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias maxentia]]'' * ''[[Agrias mediana]]'' * ''[[Agrias mediatrix]]'' * ''[[Agrias melior]]'' * ''[[Agrias metamorpho]]'' * ''[[Agrias meunieri]]'' * ''[[Agrias micaela]]'' * ''[[Agrias micans]]'' * ''[[Agrias michaeli]]'' * ''[[Agrias minorata]]'' * ''[[Agrias mirabilis]]'' * ''[[Agrias mixta]]'' * ''[[Agrias moderata]]'' * ''[[Agrias modulata]]'' * ''[[Agrias muzoensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias narcissus]]'' * ''[[Agrias nevadensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias niepelti]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigerrima]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigra]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigrans]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigricans]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigricirculata]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigrina]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigris]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigrobasalis]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigroconjuncta]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigrofasciata]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigrooenata]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigropunctata]]'' * ''[[Agrias ninus]]'' * ''[[Agrias novata]]'' * ''[[Agrias oaxacata]]'' * ''[[Agrias obidonus]]'' * ''[[Agrias oblongomaculata]]'' * ''[[Agrias obscura]]'' * ''[[Agrias obscurata]]'' * ''[[Agrias obscurior]]'' * ''[[Agrias obsoleta]]'' * ''[[Agrias ochracea]]'' * ''[[Agrias olivencia]]'' * ''[[Agrias opaca]]'' * ''[[Agrias orinocensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias orleansi]]'' * ''[[Agrias ornata]]'' * ''[[Agrias oudini]]'' * ''[[Agrias ozora]]'' * ''[[Agrias pallantis]]'' * ''[[Agrias pallida]]'' * ''[[Agrias paradoxus]]'' * ''[[Agrias parallelus]]'' * ''[[Agrias paulus]]'' * ''[[Agrias penthesilea]]'' * ''[[Agrias pepitoensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias pericles]]'' * ''[[Agrias peruana]]'' * ''[[Agrias peruviana]]'' * ''[[Agrias petri]]'' * ''[[Agrias phaenomenalis]]'' * ''[[Agrias phalcidon]]'' * ''[[Agrias phalcidonides]]'' * ''[[Agrias pherenice]]'' * ''[[Agrias philatelica]]'' * ''[[Agrias phoenix]]'' * ''[[Agrias phryne]]'' * ''[[Agrias pitardi]]'' * ''[[Agrias plausibilis]]'' * ''[[Agrias pomposa]]'' * ''[[Agrias porphyrionis]]'' * ''[[Agrias praetexta]]'' * ''[[Agrias praxiteles]]'' * ''[[Agrias pretiosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias primiliva]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudobrunhilda]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudoconnectans]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudocroesus]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudodubiosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudoeleonora]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudo-lesoudieri]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudomauensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudopitardi]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudoporphyrionis]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudopretiosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudosanguinea]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudosardanapalus]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudosuprema]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudotristis]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudo-zenodorus]]'' * ''[[Agrias pujoi]]'' * ''[[Agrias pulcherrima]]'' * ''[[Agrias pupillata]]'' * ''[[Agrias purpurata]]'' * ''[[Agrias purpurea]]'' * ''[[Agrias purpurinus]]'' * ''[[Agrias quadrata]]'' * ''[[Agrias rebillardi]]'' * ''[[Agrias rebouli]]'' * ''[[Agrias redita]]'' * ''[[Agrias reducta]]'' * ''[[Agrias reevesi]]'' * ''[[Agrias reforma]]'' * ''[[Agrias regalis]]'' * ''[[Agrias reliquus]]'' * ''[[Agrias reverdini]]'' * ''[[Agrias rileyi]]'' * ''[[Agrias roberti]]'' * ''[[Agrias rodriguezi]]'' * ''[[Agrias rogeri]]'' * ''[[Agrias roquetti]]'' * ''[[Agrias rosae]]'' * ''[[Agrias rothschildi]]'' * ''[[Agrias rubella]]'' * ''[[Agrias rubra]]'' * ''[[Agrias rubrimediana]]'' * ''[[Agrias rubrobasalis]]'' * ''[[Agrias rubrocaerulea]]'' * ''[[Agrias rubromaculata]]'' * ''[[Agrias rubronigra]]'' * ''[[Agrias rubrooenata]]'' * ''[[Agrias rubrostrigosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias rubrotridens]]'' * ''[[Agrias rufomarginata]]'' * ''[[Agrias rufopuncta]]'' * ''[[Agrias saglioi]]'' * ''[[Agrias sahlkei]]'' * ''[[Agrias salvini]]'' * ''[[Agrias sanguinea]]'' * ''[[Agrias saphira]]'' * ''[[Agrias sara]]'' * ''[[Agrias sardanapaloides]]'' * ''[[Agrias sardanapalus]]'' * ''[[Agrias satanas]]'' * ''[[Agrias selilarseni]]'' * ''[[Agrias semialosi]]'' * ''[[Agrias semibelsazar]]'' * ''[[Agrias semibicolora]]'' * ''[[Agrias semichristinae]]'' * ''[[Agrias semidubiosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias semihades]]'' * ''[[Agrias semilatus]]'' * ''[[Agrias semiphryne]]'' * ''[[Agrias semi-rileyi]]'' * ''[[Agrias semirubra]]'' * ''[[Agrias semisardanapalus]]'' * ''[[Agrias semitapajonus]]'' * ''[[Agrias signata]]'' * ''[[Agrias similis]]'' * ''[[Agrias simplex]]'' * ''[[Agrias simplicia]]'' * ''[[Agrias smalli]]'' * ''[[Agrias songoensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias sophusius]]'' * ''[[Agrias splendens]]'' * ''[[Agrias splendida]]'' * ''[[Agrias staudingeri]]'' * ''[[Agrias steinbachi]]'' * ''[[Agrias strympli]]'' * ''[[Agrias stuarti]]'' * ''[[Agrias subaloisi]]'' * ''[[Agrias subamazonica]]'' * ''[[Agrias subaymesi]]'' * ''[[Agrias subcyanea]]'' * ''[[Agrias subdelormei]]'' * ''[[Agrias subextrema]]'' * ''[[Agrias subfrontina]]'' * ''[[Agrias subguyanensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias sublesoudieri]]'' * ''[[Agrias sublugens]]'' * ''[[Agrias submaroniensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias submarquei]]'' * ''[[Agrias submeunieri]]'' * ''[[Agrias submicans]]'' * ''[[Agrias subpaulus]]'' * ''[[Agrias subpericles]]'' * ''[[Agrias subrebouli]]'' * ''[[Agrias subreducta]]'' * ''[[Agrias subrubrocaerulea]]'' * ''[[Agrias subrubronigra]]'' * ''[[Agrias subsahlkei]]'' * ''[[Agrias subsatanas]]'' * ''[[Agrias subtuschana]]'' * ''[[Agrias subtus-flavus]]'' * ''[[Agrias subwachenheimi]]'' * ''[[Agrias subxanthippus]]'' * ''[[Agrias suprema]]'' * ''[[Agrias talboti]]'' * ''[[Agrias tapajonensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias tapajonus]]'' * ''[[Agrias tarapotensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias tenuisfasciata]]'' * ''[[Agrias theryi]]'' * ''[[Agrias thusnelda]]'' * ''[[Agrias tiemanniae]]'' * ''[[Agrias traducta]]'' * ''[[Agrias trajanus]]'' * ''[[Agrias transforma]]'' * ''[[Agrias transiens]]'' * ''[[Agrias transversa]]'' * ''[[Agrias triangularis]]'' * ''[[Agrias tridens]]'' * ''[[Agrias tristis]]'' * ''[[Agrias tryphon]]'' * ''[[Agrias tuschana]]'' * ''[[Agrias ultralesoudieri]]'' * ''[[Agrias umbrianus]]'' * ''[[Agrias uniformis]]'' * ''[[Agrias wachenheimi]]'' * ''[[Agrias variabilis]]'' * ''[[Agrias venustus]]'' * ''[[Agrias vesta]]'' * ''[[Agrias vinosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias viola]]'' * ''[[Agrias violetta]]'' * ''[[Agrias virgata]]'' * ''[[Agrias viridescens]]'' * ''[[Agrias viridifasciata]]'' * ''[[Agrias viridiflavus]]'' * ''[[Agrias viridipicta]]'' * ''[[Agrias viridis]]'' * ''[[Agrias vulcanus]]'' * ''[[Agrias xanthippus]]'' * ''[[Agrias xinguensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias zamorae]]'' * ''[[Agrias zenodorus]]'' * ''[[Agrias zwahleni]]'' ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/agrias/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Agrias}} {{Wikispecies|Agrias|''Agrias''}} ==Image gallery== <gallery> File:AgriasSeitz(2).jpg File:Seitz5FaunaAmericanaPlate113B - Agrias, borderless.jpg File:G9DC5659.jpg </gallery> [[Kaarangay:Agrias]] qzru86q9ilqzk4df3yp0r9j93xztpde 7790080 7790079 2026-10-24T04:35:22Z Ziv 62318 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:AgriasSeitz(2).jpg]] → [[File:Seitz5FaunaAmericanaPlate115 - Agrias II.jpg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set) 7790080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Lepidoptera|date=2013-09}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Agrias'' | status = | image = Agrias claudina claudina MHNT dos.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Nymphalidae]] | genus = '''Agrias''' | species = | binomial = Agrias | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Papilionoidea]] | synonyms = }} An '''''Agrias'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska [[genus]] han [[Lepidoptera]]. An ''Agrias'' in nahilalakip ha [[familia]] nga [[Nymphalidae]].<ref name = "COL"/> ==Ilarom nga taxa<ref name = "COL"/>== * ''[[Agrias aedon]]'' * ''[[Agrias aguiro]]'' * ''[[Agrias ahasverus]]'' * ''[[Agrias aloisi]]'' * ''[[Agrias amaryllis]]'' * ''[[Agrias amazona]]'' * ''[[Agrias amazonica]]'' * ''[[Agrias ambiguus]]'' * ''[[Agrias amplificata]]'' * ''[[Agrias amplimarginata]]'' * ''[[Agrias amydon]]'' * ''[[Agrias amydonias]]'' * ''[[Agrias amydonides]]'' * ''[[Agrias anaxagoras]]'' * ''[[Agrias angustior]]'' * ''[[Agrias anna]]'' * ''[[Agrias annae]]'' * ''[[Agrias annetta]]'' * ''[[Agrias antonia]]'' * ''[[Agrias arcuatus]]'' * ''[[Agrias aristoxenus]]'' * ''[[Agrias aspasia]]'' * ''[[Agrias athenais]]'' * ''[[Agrias atromarginata]]'' * ''[[Agrias aurantiaca]]'' * ''[[Agrias aureus]]'' * ''[[Agrias aymesi]]'' * ''[[Agrias beata]]'' * ''[[Agrias beatifica]]'' * ''[[Agrias bella]]'' * ''[[Agrias bellatrix]]'' * ''[[Agrias belsazar]]'' * ''[[Agrias bertrandi]]'' * ''[[Agrias bicolora]]'' * ''[[Agrias biedermanni]]'' * ''[[Agrias bipupillata]]'' * ''[[Agrias bogotana]]'' * ''[[Agrias bolivianus]]'' * ''[[Agrias boliviensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias bonita]]'' * ''[[Agrias bouvieri]]'' * ''[[Agrias breviocellata]]'' * ''[[Agrias brevitaenia]]'' * ''[[Agrias brunhilda]]'' * ''[[Agrias caladonia]]'' * ''[[Agrias calliste]]'' * ''[[Agrias cassandra]]'' * ''[[Agrias chavelotti]]'' * ''[[Agrias chlorotaenia]]'' * ''[[Agrias christinae]]'' * ''[[Agrias chrysotaenia]]'' * ''[[Agrias citrinarius]]'' * ''[[Agrias clara]]'' * ''[[Agrias claudia]]'' * ''[[Agrias claudianus]]'' * ''[[Agrias claudina]]'' * ''[[Agrias clevelandiae]]'' * ''[[Agrias coccinata]]'' * ''[[Agrias coelestis]]'' * ''[[Agrias conjuncta]]'' * ''[[Agrias connectens]]'' * ''[[Agrias connexa]]'' * ''[[Agrias corallina]]'' * ''[[Agrias coronata]]'' * ''[[Agrias croesus]]'' * ''[[Agrias cyanea]]'' * ''[[Agrias cyaneapicalis]]'' * ''[[Agrias cyanecula]]'' * ''[[Agrias cyaneigera]]'' * ''[[Agrias cyanelateralis]]'' * ''[[Agrias cyanemaculata]]'' * ''[[Agrias cyanemixta]]'' * ''[[Agrias cyaneonigra]]'' * ''[[Agrias cyaneradiata]]'' * ''[[Agrias cyanorubra]]'' * ''[[Agrias daudeti]]'' * ''[[Agrias decelli]]'' * ''[[Agrias decolorata]]'' * ''[[Agrias decora]]'' * ''[[Agrias decyanea]]'' * ''[[Agrias delormei]]'' * ''[[Agrias derufata]]'' * ''[[Agrias didoti]]'' * ''[[Agrias distinctus]]'' * ''[[Agrias dryas]]'' * ''[[Agrias dubiosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias dufouri]]'' * ''[[Agrias elegans]]'' * ''[[Agrias eleonora]]'' * ''[[Agrias elongata]]'' * ''[[Agrias eos]]'' * ''[[Agrias estrella]]'' * ''[[Agrias exbiedermanni]]'' * ''[[Agrias excellens]]'' * ''[[Agrias excelsior]]'' * ''[[Agrias excelsissima]]'' * ''[[Agrias extensa]]'' * ''[[Agrias extinctus]]'' * ''[[Agrias extrema]]'' * ''[[Agrias faivrei]]'' * ''[[Agrias falvibasis]]'' * ''[[Agrias fassli]]'' * ''[[Agrias favareli]]'' * ''[[Agrias favorinus]]'' * ''[[Agrias ferdinandi]]'' * ''[[Agrias ferrugineus]]'' * ''[[Agrias flava]]'' * ''[[Agrias flavicellus]]'' * ''[[Agrias flavifasciata]]'' * ''[[Agrias flavopunctata]]'' * ''[[Agrias fochi]]'' * ''[[Agrias foucheri]]'' * ''[[Agrias fournierae]]'' * ''[[Agrias frontina]]'' * ''[[Agrias fruhstorferi]]'' * ''[[Agrias fulvescens]]'' * ''[[Agrias funebris]]'' * ''[[Agrias gelisi]]'' * ''[[Agrias gloriosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias godmani]]'' * ''[[Agrias godmanides]]'' * ''[[Agrias gracilis]]'' * ''[[Agrias grandimaculata]]'' * ''[[Agrias grandis]]'' * ''[[Agrias gratiosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias guisei]]'' * ''[[Agrias guyanensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias hades]]'' * ''[[Agrias hermosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias herthae]]'' * ''[[Agrias hervei]]'' * ''[[Agrias hewitsonius]]'' * ''[[Agrias hoppi]]'' * ''[[Agrias horni]]'' * ''[[Agrias horracki]]'' * ''[[Agrias ictericus]]'' * ''[[Agrias illustrissimus]]'' * ''[[Agrias imecourti]]'' * ''[[Agrias imitata]]'' * ''[[Agrias immaculata]]'' * ''[[Agrias imperatrix]]'' * ''[[Agrias imperialis]]'' * ''[[Agrias impunctata]]'' * ''[[Agrias inca]]'' * ''[[Agrias incarnata]]'' * ''[[Agrias incompleta]]'' * ''[[Agrias infernalis]]'' * ''[[Agrias inornatrix]]'' * ''[[Agrias intensa]]'' * ''[[Agrias intermedius]]'' * ''[[Agrias interrupta]]'' * ''[[Agrias interruptus]]'' * ''[[Agrias itaituba]]'' * ''[[Agrias ixion]]'' * ''[[Agrias jacobi]]'' * ''[[Agrias jactator]]'' * ''[[Agrias joffrei]]'' * ''[[Agrias jonensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias jordani]]'' * ''[[Agrias larseni]]'' * ''[[Agrias latifasciata]]'' * ''[[Agrias latona]]'' * ''[[Agrias le moulti]]'' * ''[[Agrias lecerfi]]'' * ''[[Agrias leopoldi]]'' * ''[[Agrias lesoudieri]]'' * ''[[Agrias levicki]]'' * ''[[Agrias linda]]'' * ''[[Agrias lindissima]]'' * ''[[Agrias livida]]'' * ''[[Agrias loki]]'' * ''[[Agrias lucasi]]'' * ''[[Agrias lugens]]'' * ''[[Agrias lugina]]'' * ''[[Agrias luxuriosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias magdalenae]]'' * ''[[Agrias manaoensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias mapiri]]'' * ''[[Agrias margaritifera]]'' * ''[[Agrias maroniensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias marquei]]'' * ''[[Agrias mauensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias maxentia]]'' * ''[[Agrias mediana]]'' * ''[[Agrias mediatrix]]'' * ''[[Agrias melior]]'' * ''[[Agrias metamorpho]]'' * ''[[Agrias meunieri]]'' * ''[[Agrias micaela]]'' * ''[[Agrias micans]]'' * ''[[Agrias michaeli]]'' * ''[[Agrias minorata]]'' * ''[[Agrias mirabilis]]'' * ''[[Agrias mixta]]'' * ''[[Agrias moderata]]'' * ''[[Agrias modulata]]'' * ''[[Agrias muzoensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias narcissus]]'' * ''[[Agrias nevadensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias niepelti]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigerrima]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigra]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigrans]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigricans]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigricirculata]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigrina]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigris]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigrobasalis]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigroconjuncta]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigrofasciata]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigrooenata]]'' * ''[[Agrias nigropunctata]]'' * ''[[Agrias ninus]]'' * ''[[Agrias novata]]'' * ''[[Agrias oaxacata]]'' * ''[[Agrias obidonus]]'' * ''[[Agrias oblongomaculata]]'' * ''[[Agrias obscura]]'' * ''[[Agrias obscurata]]'' * ''[[Agrias obscurior]]'' * ''[[Agrias obsoleta]]'' * ''[[Agrias ochracea]]'' * ''[[Agrias olivencia]]'' * ''[[Agrias opaca]]'' * ''[[Agrias orinocensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias orleansi]]'' * ''[[Agrias ornata]]'' * ''[[Agrias oudini]]'' * ''[[Agrias ozora]]'' * ''[[Agrias pallantis]]'' * ''[[Agrias pallida]]'' * ''[[Agrias paradoxus]]'' * ''[[Agrias parallelus]]'' * ''[[Agrias paulus]]'' * ''[[Agrias penthesilea]]'' * ''[[Agrias pepitoensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias pericles]]'' * ''[[Agrias peruana]]'' * ''[[Agrias peruviana]]'' * ''[[Agrias petri]]'' * ''[[Agrias phaenomenalis]]'' * ''[[Agrias phalcidon]]'' * ''[[Agrias phalcidonides]]'' * ''[[Agrias pherenice]]'' * ''[[Agrias philatelica]]'' * ''[[Agrias phoenix]]'' * ''[[Agrias phryne]]'' * ''[[Agrias pitardi]]'' * ''[[Agrias plausibilis]]'' * ''[[Agrias pomposa]]'' * ''[[Agrias porphyrionis]]'' * ''[[Agrias praetexta]]'' * ''[[Agrias praxiteles]]'' * ''[[Agrias pretiosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias primiliva]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudobrunhilda]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudoconnectans]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudocroesus]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudodubiosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudoeleonora]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudo-lesoudieri]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudomauensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudopitardi]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudoporphyrionis]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudopretiosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudosanguinea]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudosardanapalus]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudosuprema]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudotristis]]'' * ''[[Agrias pseudo-zenodorus]]'' * ''[[Agrias pujoi]]'' * ''[[Agrias pulcherrima]]'' * ''[[Agrias pupillata]]'' * ''[[Agrias purpurata]]'' * ''[[Agrias purpurea]]'' * ''[[Agrias purpurinus]]'' * ''[[Agrias quadrata]]'' * ''[[Agrias rebillardi]]'' * ''[[Agrias rebouli]]'' * ''[[Agrias redita]]'' * ''[[Agrias reducta]]'' * ''[[Agrias reevesi]]'' * ''[[Agrias reforma]]'' * ''[[Agrias regalis]]'' * ''[[Agrias reliquus]]'' * ''[[Agrias reverdini]]'' * ''[[Agrias rileyi]]'' * ''[[Agrias roberti]]'' * ''[[Agrias rodriguezi]]'' * ''[[Agrias rogeri]]'' * ''[[Agrias roquetti]]'' * ''[[Agrias rosae]]'' * ''[[Agrias rothschildi]]'' * ''[[Agrias rubella]]'' * ''[[Agrias rubra]]'' * ''[[Agrias rubrimediana]]'' * ''[[Agrias rubrobasalis]]'' * ''[[Agrias rubrocaerulea]]'' * ''[[Agrias rubromaculata]]'' * ''[[Agrias rubronigra]]'' * ''[[Agrias rubrooenata]]'' * ''[[Agrias rubrostrigosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias rubrotridens]]'' * ''[[Agrias rufomarginata]]'' * ''[[Agrias rufopuncta]]'' * ''[[Agrias saglioi]]'' * ''[[Agrias sahlkei]]'' * ''[[Agrias salvini]]'' * ''[[Agrias sanguinea]]'' * ''[[Agrias saphira]]'' * ''[[Agrias sara]]'' * ''[[Agrias sardanapaloides]]'' * ''[[Agrias sardanapalus]]'' * ''[[Agrias satanas]]'' * ''[[Agrias selilarseni]]'' * ''[[Agrias semialosi]]'' * ''[[Agrias semibelsazar]]'' * ''[[Agrias semibicolora]]'' * ''[[Agrias semichristinae]]'' * ''[[Agrias semidubiosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias semihades]]'' * ''[[Agrias semilatus]]'' * ''[[Agrias semiphryne]]'' * ''[[Agrias semi-rileyi]]'' * ''[[Agrias semirubra]]'' * ''[[Agrias semisardanapalus]]'' * ''[[Agrias semitapajonus]]'' * ''[[Agrias signata]]'' * ''[[Agrias similis]]'' * ''[[Agrias simplex]]'' * ''[[Agrias simplicia]]'' * ''[[Agrias smalli]]'' * ''[[Agrias songoensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias sophusius]]'' * ''[[Agrias splendens]]'' * ''[[Agrias splendida]]'' * ''[[Agrias staudingeri]]'' * ''[[Agrias steinbachi]]'' * ''[[Agrias strympli]]'' * ''[[Agrias stuarti]]'' * ''[[Agrias subaloisi]]'' * ''[[Agrias subamazonica]]'' * ''[[Agrias subaymesi]]'' * ''[[Agrias subcyanea]]'' * ''[[Agrias subdelormei]]'' * ''[[Agrias subextrema]]'' * ''[[Agrias subfrontina]]'' * ''[[Agrias subguyanensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias sublesoudieri]]'' * ''[[Agrias sublugens]]'' * ''[[Agrias submaroniensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias submarquei]]'' * ''[[Agrias submeunieri]]'' * ''[[Agrias submicans]]'' * ''[[Agrias subpaulus]]'' * ''[[Agrias subpericles]]'' * ''[[Agrias subrebouli]]'' * ''[[Agrias subreducta]]'' * ''[[Agrias subrubrocaerulea]]'' * ''[[Agrias subrubronigra]]'' * ''[[Agrias subsahlkei]]'' * ''[[Agrias subsatanas]]'' * ''[[Agrias subtuschana]]'' * ''[[Agrias subtus-flavus]]'' * ''[[Agrias subwachenheimi]]'' * ''[[Agrias subxanthippus]]'' * ''[[Agrias suprema]]'' * ''[[Agrias talboti]]'' * ''[[Agrias tapajonensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias tapajonus]]'' * ''[[Agrias tarapotensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias tenuisfasciata]]'' * ''[[Agrias theryi]]'' * ''[[Agrias thusnelda]]'' * ''[[Agrias tiemanniae]]'' * ''[[Agrias traducta]]'' * ''[[Agrias trajanus]]'' * ''[[Agrias transforma]]'' * ''[[Agrias transiens]]'' * ''[[Agrias transversa]]'' * ''[[Agrias triangularis]]'' * ''[[Agrias tridens]]'' * ''[[Agrias tristis]]'' * ''[[Agrias tryphon]]'' * ''[[Agrias tuschana]]'' * ''[[Agrias ultralesoudieri]]'' * ''[[Agrias umbrianus]]'' * ''[[Agrias uniformis]]'' * ''[[Agrias wachenheimi]]'' * ''[[Agrias variabilis]]'' * ''[[Agrias venustus]]'' * ''[[Agrias vesta]]'' * ''[[Agrias vinosa]]'' * ''[[Agrias viola]]'' * ''[[Agrias violetta]]'' * ''[[Agrias virgata]]'' * ''[[Agrias viridescens]]'' * ''[[Agrias viridifasciata]]'' * ''[[Agrias viridiflavus]]'' * ''[[Agrias viridipicta]]'' * ''[[Agrias viridis]]'' * ''[[Agrias vulcanus]]'' * ''[[Agrias xanthippus]]'' * ''[[Agrias xinguensis]]'' * ''[[Agrias zamorae]]'' * ''[[Agrias zenodorus]]'' * ''[[Agrias zwahleni]]'' ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/agrias/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Agrias}} {{Wikispecies|Agrias|''Agrias''}} ==Image gallery== <gallery> File:Seitz5FaunaAmericanaPlate115 - Agrias II.jpg File:Seitz5FaunaAmericanaPlate113B - Agrias, borderless.jpg File:G9DC5659.jpg </gallery> [[Kaarangay:Agrias]] bftxvheuzu2fkjy7tesmskva0ewpauo 0 1822769 7790019 6623177 2026-10-23T17:15:55Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Coleoptera|date=2013-09}} {{Taxobox | name = Lampyridae | status = | image = Lampyris noctiluca.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Coleoptera]] | familia = '''Lampyridae''' | genus = | species = | binomial = Lampyridae | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Elateroidea]] | synonyms = }} An '''Bukatkat''' o '''Aninipot''' (''Lampyridae'')<ref name = "COL"/> ([[Iningles]]: ''Firefly'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Alitaptap'') in uska [[familia]] han [[Coleoptera]]. An Lampyridae in nahilalakip ha [[familia]] nga [[Elateroidea]], [[ordo]] nga [[Coleoptera]], [[classis]] nga [[Insecta]], [[punoan]] nga [[Arthropoda]], ngan [[regnum]] nga [[Animalia]].<ref name = "COL"/> An [[familia]] nga Lampyridae in naglalakip hin 125 ka mga species, sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>. An [[kladograma]] hini sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>: {{Clade | label1 = [[Elateroidea]]&nbsp; | 1={{Clade | label1 = '''&nbsp;Lampyridae&nbsp;''' | 1={{Clade | 1=''[[Aspisoma]]'' | 2=''[[Bicellonycha]]'' | 3=''[[Brachylampis]]'' | 4=''[[Ellychnia]]'' | 5=''[[Lucidota]]'' | 6=''[[Luciola]]'' | 7=''[[Micronaspis]]'' | 8=''[[Microphotus]]'' | 9=''[[Paraphausis]]'' | 10=''[[Phausis]]'' | 11=''[[Phosphaenus]]'' | 12=''[[Photinus]]'' | 13=''[[Photuris]]'' | 14=''[[Pleotomodes]]'' | 15=''[[Pleotomus]]'' | 16=''[[Pollaclasis]]'' | 17=''[[Pterotus]]'' | 18=''[[Pyractomena]]'' | 19=''[[Pyropyga]]'' | 20=''[[Tenaspis]]'' }} | 2=[[Artematopodidae]] | 3=[[Brachypsectridae]] | 4=[[Cantharidae]] | 5=[[Cerophytidae]] | 6=[[Elateridae]] | 7=[[Eucnemidae]] | 8=[[Lycidae]] | 9=[[Omethidae]] | 10=[[Phengodidae]] | 11=[[Rhagophthalmidae]] | 12=[[Telegeusidae]] | 13=[[Throscidae]] }} }} ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/lampyridae/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Lampyridae}} {{Wikispecies|Lampyridae|''Lampyridae''}} ==Image gallery== <gallery> File:Bioluminescence reaction Lampyridae.jpg File:Firefly luciferin.svg File:Fireflyinchinese.gif File:Lightning-bug-flower - West Virginia - ForestWander.jpg File:Lightning-bug-flowers - West Virginia - ForestWander.jpg File:Lucidinia biplagiata obabtr01.JPG </gallery> [[Kaarangay:Lampyridae]] 7bnr64zvnfylmfzfec2m89c9wenis1k 7790028 7790019 2026-10-23T17:29:02Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Mananap 7790028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{botmade|Lsjbot|Coleoptera|date=2013-09}} {{Taxobox | name = Lampyridae | status = | image = Lampyris noctiluca.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Coleoptera]] | familia = '''Lampyridae''' | genus = | species = | binomial = Lampyridae | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Elateroidea]] | synonyms = }} An '''bukatkat''' o '''aninipot''' (''Lampyridae'')<ref name = "COL"/> ([[Iningles]]: ''Firefly'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Alitaptap'') in uska [[familia]] han [[Coleoptera]]. An Lampyridae in nahilalakip ha [[familia]] nga [[Elateroidea]], [[ordo]] nga [[Coleoptera]], [[classis]] nga [[Insecta]], [[punoan]] nga [[Arthropoda]], ngan [[regnum]] nga [[Animalia]].<ref name = "COL"/> An [[familia]] nga Lampyridae in naglalakip hin 125 ka mga species, sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>. An [[kladograma]] hini sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>: {{Clade | label1 = [[Elateroidea]]&nbsp; | 1={{Clade | label1 = '''&nbsp;Lampyridae&nbsp;''' | 1={{Clade | 1=''[[Aspisoma]]'' | 2=''[[Bicellonycha]]'' | 3=''[[Brachylampis]]'' | 4=''[[Ellychnia]]'' | 5=''[[Lucidota]]'' | 6=''[[Luciola]]'' | 7=''[[Micronaspis]]'' | 8=''[[Microphotus]]'' | 9=''[[Paraphausis]]'' | 10=''[[Phausis]]'' | 11=''[[Phosphaenus]]'' | 12=''[[Photinus]]'' | 13=''[[Photuris]]'' | 14=''[[Pleotomodes]]'' | 15=''[[Pleotomus]]'' | 16=''[[Pollaclasis]]'' | 17=''[[Pterotus]]'' | 18=''[[Pyractomena]]'' | 19=''[[Pyropyga]]'' | 20=''[[Tenaspis]]'' }} | 2=[[Artematopodidae]] | 3=[[Brachypsectridae]] | 4=[[Cantharidae]] | 5=[[Cerophytidae]] | 6=[[Elateridae]] | 7=[[Eucnemidae]] | 8=[[Lycidae]] | 9=[[Omethidae]] | 10=[[Phengodidae]] | 11=[[Rhagophthalmidae]] | 12=[[Telegeusidae]] | 13=[[Throscidae]] }} }} ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/lampyridae/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Lampyridae}} {{Wikispecies|Lampyridae|''Lampyridae''}} ==Image gallery== <gallery> File:Bioluminescence reaction Lampyridae.jpg File:Firefly luciferin.svg File:Fireflyinchinese.gif File:Lightning-bug-flower - West Virginia - ForestWander.jpg File:Lightning-bug-flowers - West Virginia - ForestWander.jpg File:Lucidinia biplagiata obabtr01.JPG </gallery> [[Kaarangay:Lampyridae]] [[Kaarangay:Mananap]] pri7mmhwva4cey5ufi1ks5kls18d8fs 0 1866365 7790012 7788589 2026-10-23T16:58:02Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Etika 7790012 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luuy''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Mercy/Pity'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Awa'') pa[[abat]] ; [[subra]] ka na '''Kaluuy''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Have Mercy/Have Pity'') napa[[abat]] subra ka na {{turok}} [[en:mercy]] [[Kaarangay:Etika]] on04ge20tatuslr6nqm2fux1qne5wk8 0 1866525 7790045 4603730 2026-10-23T19:01:43Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790045 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dakup''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Capture'') pag-sulud '''Hidakpan''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Capturing'') guin-sisinulud '''Nahidakpan''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Captured'') nahi[[sulud]] 108dzgwiyqe37wabkha5c9j4fn13oqu 0 1866686 7790008 7788593 2026-10-23T16:52:06Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790008 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Talwas''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Alive'') [[lipay]] '''Talwas''' nga Estado ([[Iningles]]: ''Free/Independent State'') '''Katalwasan''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Very Alive'') ka[[lipay]]-an '''Gintalwas''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Freed/Saved'') nahi[[gawas]] s3ld3nsxlvdrsiahagylsjooi3tvpr9 0 1866767 7790054 7788892 2026-10-23T19:49:17Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + dugang nga mga detalye 7790054 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float; background-color: #DEF; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em;"><div style="padding: 0.5em;">Inin nga artikulo mahitungod han '''na-uru''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Defecation''). Para hin impormasyon mahitungod han nasod, pakadto han artikulo nga [[Nauru]]. Para hin impormasyon mahitungod han oro, pakadto ha [[Bulawan]].</div></div> [[Paypay:Bernard_Picart_-_The_Perfumer.jpg|thumb]] An '''pag-uru''' o '''pag-tae''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Defecation'') nasunod ha [[pagtunaw han kinaon]] ngan amo an [[kinahanglan]]on nga [[biyolohiya|biyolohikal]] nga proseso kun diin ginkukuha han mga [[organismo]] an usa nga solido, semi-solid, o likido nga [[basura]] nga [[materyales]] nga kilalado nga [[tae]] tikang ha ''digestive tract'' pina-agi han [[anus]] o cloaca. == Mga kahulogan == '''Uru''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Taking Shit'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Tae'') pagpa[[gawas]] [[han]] [[tae]] [[kun]] [[lugi]] [[na]] '''Na-uru''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Shitting'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Tumatae'') na-[[undu]] ; napa[[gawas]] [[tae]] ; [[gana]] ; [[dipindi]] == Mga sumpay ha gawas == * {{Commonscat-inline|Defecation}} [[Kaarangay:Metabolismo]] lf6qu9eotjybix7pwsre96qf1fiw7a9 0 1866802 7790078 6206039 2026-10-24T01:40:48Z Tx9032f99 68919 7790078 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Monestir de Sant Salvador de Breda 2017.jpg|thumb|250px|Breda]] An '''Breda''' in usa ka bungto ha [[Provincia de Girona]], [[Cataluña]], [[Espanya]]. {{Bungto ha Girona}} {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Mga bungto ha Girona]] 4js9x8tt1lt0xslgw7lih2sk4o6owhd 0 1867410 7790088 6253563 2026-10-24T07:41:52Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Astronomiya 7790088 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Hubble eXtreme Deep Field.jpg|thumb]] An '''kosmolohiya''', komo uska sanga han [[astronomiya]], in [[pag-aram]] han mga tinikangan ngan kakadtoan han [[sangkalibutan]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Kosmolohiya]] [[Kaarangay:Astronomiya]] 2c9psxkcehj3znyvugd2xrranqgrum9 7790090 7790088 2026-10-24T07:42:34Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790090 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Hubble eXtreme Deep Field.jpg|thumb]] An '''kosmolohiya''', komo uska sanga han [[astronomiya]], in [[pag-aram]] han mga tinikangan ngan kakadtoan han [[sangkalibutan]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Kosmolohiya| ]] 426oah3a5jhyduvw0xnjed33q819mu8 14 1867411 7790089 7784970 2026-10-24T07:42:21Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Astronomiya 7790089 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Metafisika]] [[Kaarangay:Astronomiya]] agb3h7eee0dy3h8ch950blods6z14h3 0 1867521 7790014 6595219 2026-10-23T17:01:06Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Etika 7790014 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pastilan''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Please'') [[paki]][[alayun]] ; [[luuy]] [[Kaarangay:Etika]] lwb2w6zbl4whelf3u13gvzr99wd26t9 0 1867652 7790070 7789010 2026-10-23T20:23:33Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Psikolohiya 7790070 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tangis''' ug Tu-uk ([[Iningles]]: ''Cry'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Iyak'') pag[[gawas]] [[han]] [[luha]] ; [[puydi]] [[lipay]] [[puydi]] [[sakit]]/[[lugi]] [[Kaarangay:Psikolohiya]] 8o7rpodqxbemn00o1mq5h3xvpa7z8xx 0 1981460 7790052 6189295 2026-10-23T19:22:19Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790052 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baldi''' (Iningles: ''Pail/Bucket'', Pambansa: ''Balde'') uska [[surudlan]] nga [[butang]], may [[buhat]]an, [[puydi]] [[puthau]], [[kahoy]], [[plastik]] ug [[ibba]] pa; kadam-an ini in surudlan han [[tubig]] ; pan-[[alug]] Sumpay: [[Kabu]] jzctdaq2lryg962o6y0j1a0ft2fd5rl 0 1982480 7790013 7788877 2026-10-23T16:59:25Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Etika 7790013 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pakimaluuy''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Asking Gently'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Nagmamaka-awa'') [[luuy]], pag-[[aru]] hin ka[[luuy]]. [[Kaarangay:Etika]] qilsopwwnq7tmtq7q0hk684bgcxoijt 0 1982488 7790114 4722090 2026-10-24T09:29:26Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790114 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ungara''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Ambition/Aspiration'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Ambisyon/Pangarap'') usa nga [[estadu]] han [[tawo]] nga nagpapa[[sabut]] nga [[siya]]/[[hiya]] may [[kinabuhi]]. eys3fwcnd1kd8zbopmsyi7i13qlnwkn 0 1982508 7790110 4722121 2026-10-24T09:07:39Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790110 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Konstitusyun''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Constitution'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Konstitusyon'') usa nga [[balaud]]/[[taramdan]] han uska [[nasyun]]. igaig2pgqr7vqgx1ma9rhoqyb4gw6s6 0 1982674 7790009 7773498 2026-10-23T16:52:53Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790009 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luwas''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Pronounce/Talk'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Bigkas'') (Cebuano:xxxxxx ) usa ka pag [[ukang]]. igxksef18a2ol3ib73fty84lucjl6bz 0 1982714 7790042 6255501 2026-10-23T18:50:15Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Hayop 7790042 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) grazing - 20050809.jpg|thumb|250px]] An '''erbiboro''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Herbivore'') usa na klase sin [[hayop]] na an ginkakaon amo an mga [[tanaman|tanom]] o [[banwá]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Hayop]] rnrh21dvr7ic9o05481yqsn161byjz5 0 1982858 7790053 4723844 2026-10-23T19:24:43Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790053 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kasilyas''' ([[Iningles]]: ''CR/Comfort Room/Toilet'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Palikuran'') lugar nga kun [[diin]] na-[[uru]] , na[[parigus]] u na-[[ihi]] an [[tawo]], ka[[damu]]an [[may-ada]] [[inuduru]] ngan [[kabu]], [[baldi]] ug [[ibba]] pa nga [[gamit]] para [[tubig]]. 57128cchp5rfu80tywaqqnsl5w75v7h 0 1982860 7790055 7787432 2026-10-23T19:51:24Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Metabolismo 7790055 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Human urine sample.jpg|thumb|240px]] '''Ihi''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Urine'', [[Tinagalog]]: ''Ihi'') usa nga likido ha [[metabolismo]] in [[tawo]] nga [[hayop]] tikang ha [[sili]] ngan [[rinyon]] han [[uretra]] ha [[pantog]] igbaw han [[puday]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Metabolismo]] pi5aumpyjseqmc2pjjwu4c6nbv3cr6f 0 1982990 7790059 7783537 2026-10-23T19:57:36Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790059 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Lixo.jpg|thumb]] '''Basura''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Garbage'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Basura'') mga durudaku nga [[subra]] han pag[[kunsumu]] han [[tawo]] a6ci99pwb6w7a6a3htf7lkdelcl6ad2 0 1983272 7790115 5996816 2026-10-24T09:33:59Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Iskultura 7790115 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Paris 2010 - Le Penseur.jpg|thumb]] '''An Maghurunahuna''' in uska [[bronse]] nga [[iskultura]] ni [[Auguste Rodin]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Iskultura]] 6gsn7x27iwej24yg7hbrnfhljqv4bhn 0 1983276 7790117 7649121 2026-10-24T09:35:35Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Iskultura 7790117 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vénus de Milo - Musée du Louvre AGER LL 299 ; N 527 ; Ma 399.jpg|thumb]] An '''Venus de Milo''' in uska [[Hadton Gresya|kadaan nga Griyego]] nga estatuwa, ngan usa ha gisisikati nga buhat han kadaan nga Griyego nga [[iskultura]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Iskultura]] bs0y0h1pddnbylxvebizqvqz11i42i4 0 1984459 7790003 6204571 2026-10-23T14:46:53Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790003 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Cairina moschata 001.jpg|thumbnail|pato]] An '''pato''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Gander/Duck'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Itik'') amo in usa nga [[tamsi]] ha pamilya ''[[Anatidae]]'', na kaapi liwat an mga [[gansa]], [[itik]] ngan ''[[Cygnus|swans]]''. An mga pato ginbabahin hin mga ''subfamily'' ha pamilya ''Anatidae''; Kadam'an ha pato makitubig, ngan mas digto ini ha ganso ngan ''swans'', kudi mas dagko ini han itik. Ha toxonomiya, an itik nahiaapi san sayo nga ''subfamily'' han mga pato. Danay naaalahan an pato sa iba na mga makitubig nga tamsi sugad san [[tamawtamaw]]. Luri sa tigasaw an siwo san pato. Pagnakagat na an siwo sa tigasaw, darako na an tsansa na mamatay ini. [[Paypay:Pacific Black Ducks on pond ducking.jpg|thumbnail|itik]] [[Paypay:Parrulo -Muscovy duckling.jpg|thumbnail|Siwo sa Pato]] ==Mga Kasarigan== {{reflist}} [[Kaarangay:Aves]] [[Kaarangay:Pato]] [[Kaarangay:Tamsi]] tfqh3u8abfrx78srwjq70qj7jc3amh8 0 1984460 7790043 6273874 2026-10-23T18:56:43Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay, Iningles 7790043 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Corvus corax (FWS).jpg|thumbnail|Uwak]] {{Taxobox | name = ''Corvus'' | status = | image = Corvus_corax_(FWS).jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = [[Aves]] | ordo = [[Passeriformes]] | familia = [[Corvidae]] | genus = '''Corvus''' | species = | binomial = Corvus | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Vertebrata]] | synonyms = }} An '''uwak''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Raven'') usa nga [[tamsi]] ilarum sa ''genus [[Corvus]]'', pamilya ''Corvidae'' ,''Order Passeriformes'', pili an barahibo ngan naingon sa sarapati an kalawas. An '''''Corvus'''''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska [[genus]] han [[Aves]]. An ''Corvus'' in nahilalakip ha [[familia]] nga [[Corvidae]].<ref name = "COL"/>. Sakob sini na genus an uwak. ==Panginaon== ''Omnivorous'' an uwak, ngan daramo kalain an kanra ginkakaon. Nakaon sira san igkasi tamsi, mga, [[mananap]], mga [[prutas]], ''mollusks'', [[wati]], mga uyas san prutas, [[katsapa]], [[bonay]] san iba na tamsi, mga piyak, [[yatot]] ngan [[karne]] san patay na [[hayop]]. An pagbutang sa ''scarecrow'' sa mga parayan nagtikang sa san panwakay ngan ''sacavenging'' san uwak, sugad man nakabulig an uwak sa parag-uma [[pagkaon]] san mga mananap na nkakawakay pananum.<ref>[http://www.crowbusters.com/facts.htm Crow Facts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009013506/http://www.crowbusters.com/facts.htm |date=2014-10-09 }}. crowbusters.com</ref> Sa mga kalubian sa [[Pilipinas]], magkaagaw an uwak, [[banog]], ngan [[bukaw]] san pag[[dakup]] san mga yatot na nanakaon san [[silot]] san lubi. == Ilarom nga taxa<ref name = "COL"/> == * ''[[Corvus albicollis]]'' * ''[[Corvus albus]]'' * ''[[Corvus bennetti]]'' * ''[[Corvus boreus]]'' * ''[[Corvus brachyrhynchos]]'' * ''[[Corvus capensis]]'' * ''[[Corvus caurinus]]'' * ''[[Corvus corax]]'' * ''[[Corvus cornix]]'' * ''[[Corvus corone]]'' * ''[[Corvus coronoides]]'' * ''[[Corvus crassirostris]]'' * ''[[Corvus cryptoleucus]]'' * ''[[Corvus dauuricus]]'' * ''[[Corvus enca]]'' * ''[[Corvus florensis]]'' * ''[[Corvus frugilegus]]'' * ''[[Corvus fuscicapillus]]'' * ''[[Corvus hawaiiensis]]'' * ''[[Corvus imparatus]]'' * ''[[Corvus jamaicensis]]'' * ''[[Corvus kubaryi]]'' * ''[[Corvus leucognaphalus]]'' * ''[[Corvus levaillantii]]'' * ''[[Corvus macrorhynchos]]'' * ''[[Corvus meeki]]'' * ''[[Corvus mellori]]'' * ''[[Corvus monedula]]'' * ''[[Corvus moneduloides]]'' * ''[[Corvus nasicus]]'' * ''[[Corvus newtoni]]'' * ''[[Corvus orru]]'' * ''[[Corvus ossifragus]]'' * ''[[Corvus palmarum]]'' * ''[[Corvus rhipidurus]]'' * ''[[Corvus ruficollis]]'' * ''[[Corvus sinaloae]]'' * ''[[Corvus splendens]]'' * ''[[Corvus tasmanicus]]'' * ''[[Corvus torquatus]]'' * ''[[Corvus tristis]]'' * ''[[Corvus typicus]]'' * ''[[Corvus unicolor]]'' * ''[[Corvus validus]]'' * ''[[Corvus woodfordi]]'' == Mga kasarigan == {{reflist}} <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/corvus/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.)|year= 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 september 2012}}</ref> </references> == Mga sumpay ha gawas == {{commonscat|Corvus}} {{wikispecies|Corvus|''Corvus''}} [[Kaarangay:Corvus]] [[Kaarangay:Tamsi]] jh0cgif9mmf880qcgc467pkqes5hcic 0 1984920 7790000 5621721 2026-10-23T14:40:32Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Karne 7790000 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Pacific Black Ducks on pond ducking.jpg|thumbnail|Itik o tagiik]] An '''itik''' o '''tagiik''', mao in sayo nga klase sin [[tamsi]] na harani na igparatod san [[pato]]. Mas digto ini sa pato ngan mas matibaksi magkiwakiwa. Gin'aataman an itik para sa kanya [[karne]] ngan [[bonay]]. ==Mga Kasarigan== {{reflist}} [[Kaarangay:Pato]] [[Kaarangay:Tamsi]] [[Kaarangay:Karne]] 2a005ak6sap85ishavrsn4ani8ukgmd 0 1985661 7790044 7784821 2026-10-23T19:00:12Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay, Iningles 7790044 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Earthworm.jpg|thumbnail|wati]] An '''wati''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Earthworm'') amo in usa na [[ulod]] na nabubuhi sa baras ngan nanginginaon sa buhi o patay na mga ''organic matter''. Membro an wati sa ''class Oligochaeta'' sa ilarum san ''phylum Annelida''. Ginagamit an wati na paon sa pangangawil. == Anatomiya == Depende sa ''specie'', an wati pwede maghilaba sin {{convert|10|mm|in|abbr=on}} tubtob 3 metros(9.8 Pye) an kahilaba. Sugad man, an ''Lumbricus terrestris'' nadako tubtob {{convert|360|mm|in|abbr=on}} an kahilaba. {{sfn|Blakemore|2012|p=xl}} An wati naginhawa pina-agi sa kanya [[panit]]. Waray [[tul-an]] an wati kudi [[ya-un]] ini ''coelom'' na nagana suga san ''hydrostatic skeleton''. [[Paypay:Earthworm - L. terrestris cocoons.jpg|thumbnail|an cocoon san wati L.terrestris ]] == Mga kasarigan == <references> [[Kaarangay:Hayop]] 5iayk0to2sa73fazivduguvbi8re8i4 0 1985663 7790036 6622728 2026-10-23T17:41:24Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Gryllotalpidae | status = | image = Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa MHNT.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | clhttps://war.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mole_cricket&redirect=noassis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Orthoptera]] | familia = '''Gryllotalpidae''' | genus = | species = | binomial = Gryllotalpidae | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Grylloidea]] | synonyms = }} [[Paypay:Mole cricket02.jpg|thumbnail|budlo|265x265px]] An '''budlo''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Mole cricket'') amo an mga [[mananap]] san pamilya ''[[Gryllotalpidae]]'', ilarum sa ''order [[Orthoptera]]'' ([[apan]], [[balang]] ngan [[ngiyangiya]]). May'ada 3–5 centimetro (1.2–2.0 pulgada) an kahilaba an budlo. An '''Gryllotalpidae'''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska [[familia]] han [[Orthoptera]]. An Gryllotalpidae in nahilalakip ha [[familia]] nga [[Grylloidea]], [[ordo]] nga [[Orthoptera]], [[classis]] nga [[Insecta]], [[punoan]] nga [[Arthropoda]], ngan [[regnum]] nga [[Animalia]].<ref name = "COL"/> An [[familia]] nga Gryllotalpidae in naglalakip hin 97 ka mga species, sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>. ==Biolohiya== Kadam'an san budlo makusog lumupad. Nalupad sira kun nahanap bag'o nga teritoryo, o kun an babaye naghahanap san nagliniya na lalaki. May'ada mga klase sin budlo na nakalupad 8 kilometro (5.0 milya) an kahirayo labi na kun ''mating season''. Aktibo sa bug'os na tuig an mga budlo. May'ada ini sira makusog na siki sa atubangan na ginagamit nira pan'ukad. May'ada an mga lalaki ''forewings'' ngan ''scraper'' na ginagamit nira pahimu sin tunog. May mga budlo na naingun san [[apan]] ug oraora kadako na [[tigasaw]] o [[anay]]. ''Omnivore'' an mga budlo, nakaon ulod, wati, gamot san tanaman, ngan banwa. Ginkakaon naman an budlo san tamsi, yatot, ''skunks'', ''armadillos'', ''raccoons'', ''foxes'' ngan ''blue ants''. Komon an mga budlo, kudi kay aktibo sira in gab'i ngan naistar sira pirmi sa ilarum sa tuna, bihira sira maimdan. Ginpapadako nira an kanra tunog pinaagi san mali torotot na korte san tuna na kanra ginluho. Naistar ini sira san mga uuma, hawan ngan ''golf courses'' mao na ginkokonsedria sira na peste. Sa Sirangan Asya, yaon mga kultura na ginpriprito an budlo para pagkaon. An [[kladograma]] hini sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>: {{Clade | label1 = [[Grylloidea]]&nbsp; | 1={{Clade | label1 = '''&nbsp;Gryllotalpidae&nbsp;''' | 1={{Clade | 1=''[[Gryllotalpa]]'' | 2=''[[Gryllotalpella]]'' | 3=''[[Indioscaptor]]'' | 4=''[[Neocurtilla]]'' | 5=''[[Scapteriscus]]'' | 6=''[[Triamescaptor]]'' }} | 2=[[Gryllidae]] | 3=[[Mogoplistidae]] | 4=[[Myrmecophilidae]] }} }} ==Mga genera san budlo== An mga genera san budlo nga ginbahinbahin ngadto 3 nga tribu: *tribus Gryllotalpini **Gryllotalpa **Gryllotalpella **Neocurtilla ***Neocurtilla hexadactyla **† Pterotriamescaptor *tribus Scapteriscini **Indioscaptor **Scapteriscus **Triamescaptor *tribus Rogelio (fossil taxa) **† Archaeogryllotalpoides **† Cratotetraspinus **† Marchandia **† Palaeoscapteriscops ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/gryllotalpidae/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> </references> {{reflist}}Rey Gesite Joshua Robridillo CJ Pajares Jude Madeja ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Gryllotalpidae}} {{Wikispecies|Gryllotalpidae|''Gryllotalpidae''}} [[Kaarangay:Gryllotalpidae]] [[Kaarangay:mananap]] hh7ew4yvdk3jtcy2cad6umbtco611q2 0 1985778 7790001 6324275 2026-10-23T14:42:02Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790001 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Goose.JPG|thumbnail|ganso]] An '''Ganso''' o '''Gangsa''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Goose'') amo in makitubig na [[tamsi]] sa ilatum sa tribu ''Anserini'' sa pamilya ''Anatidae''. Mas dagko ini san kanya igparatud [[pato]] ngan [[itik|tagiik]], ngan mas digto man sa ''swans''. Gin'aataman an ganso para sa kanya [[karne]] ngan [[bonay]]. ==Mga Kasarigan== {{reflist}} [[Kaarangay:Pato]] [[Kaarangay:Tamsi]] [[Kaarangay:Karne]] 3rrcwqluit7fq78y1y77rgh7n56ovgs 0 1986122 7790034 7033862 2026-10-23T17:39:25Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles 7790034 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Gryllus campestris 3.jpg|thumbnail|ngiyangiya, Gryllus campestris]] {{Taxobox | name = Cicadidae | status = | image = Neotibicen linnei.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Hemiptera]] | familia = '''Cicadidae''' | genus = | species = | binomial = Cicadidae | binomial_authority = | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | synonyms = }} '''Ngiyangiya''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Cicada''), mga [[mananap]] sa pamilya [[Gryllidae]] ngan harani na urupod san [[apan]] ngan [[katydids]]. Mayaon an ngiyangiya halapad na lawas ngan halaba na ''antenna''. Mayaon lahos 900 na ''species'' an mga ngiyangiya.<ref>Garber, Stephen (2013). ''The Urban Naturalist''. Courier Dover Publications. p. 61. ISBN 0486148327</ref> Pwede an ngiyangiya magin ''nocturnal'' o aktibo sa gab'i <ref name="cricket">{{Cite web |title=University of Arizona, Cricket Info |url=http://insected.arizona.edu/cricketinfo.htm |access-date=2014-04-30 |archive-date=2015-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527072448/http://insected.arizona.edu/cricketinfo.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> ngan agsub maalahan na apan tugud kay naingun sa apan an kalawas An '''Cicadidae'''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska [[familia]] han [[Insecta]]. An Cicadidae in nahilalakip ha [[ordo]] nga [[Hemiptera]], [[classis]] nga [[Insecta]], [[punoan]] nga [[Arthropoda]], ngan [[regnum]] nga [[Animalia]].<ref name = "COL"/> An [[familia]] nga Cicadidae in naglalakip hin 31 ka mga species, sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>. An [[kladograma]] hini sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>: {{Clade | label1 = '''Cicadidae&nbsp;''' | 1={{Clade | 1=''[[Amphipsalta]] | 2=''[[Kikihia]] | 3=''[[Maoricicada]] | 4=''[[Notopsalta]] | 5=''[[Rhodopsalta]] }} }} ==Image gallery== <gallery> 130418 shenzhen.jpg Cicadas_in_Greece.ogg </gallery> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Cicadidae}} {{Wikispecies|Cicadidae|''Cicadidae''}} [[Kaarangay:Cicadidae]] ==Mga Kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/cicadidae/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> </references> {{reflist}} [[Kaarangay:Mananap]] ilfekrmlq6gybtfhcw753ieblyfk4lq 0 1986323 7790016 4794297 2026-10-23T17:12:02Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790016 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sarit''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Ask'') (Pambansa:xxxxx) na-[[aru]] han [[laway]] nga [[oo]]/[[tangdu]] amstvg553pteqj3f0hja20va63xcu26 0 1986324 7790015 5988154 2026-10-23T17:06:51Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790015 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oo''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Yes'', Urban English: ''Yeah/Yup'', [[Pambansa]]: ''Oo/Oho/Opo'') [[sige]] ; [[padayun]] ; [[tugut]] fxadqpx57f2qetn6bbzklgrbl0sdbq8 0 2317491 7790037 5429873 2026-10-23T17:42:57Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles 7790037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Phthiraptera | image = Fahrenholzia pinnata.JPG | image_width = 200px | image_caption = [[micrograph|Light micrograph]] of ''[[Fahrenholzia pinnata]]'' | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Arthropod]]a | classis = [[Mananap]] | subclassis = [[Pterygota]] | infraclassis = [[Neoptera]] | superordo = [[Exopterygota]] | ordo = '''Phthiraptera''' | ordo_authority = [[Ernst Haeckel|Haeckel]], 1896 | subdivision_ranks = Suborders | subdivision = [[Anoplura]]<br /> [[Haematomyzus|Rhyncophthirina]]<br /> [[Ischnocera]]<br /> [[Amblycera]] }} An '''kuto''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Louse'') usa sa maabot 3,000 na specie san mga [[mananap]] na wara pako sa ordo [[Phthiraptera]]; Tulo an ginnkikilala na nagdadara sin mga sakit sa tawo. An mga kuto amo in mga ''[[ectoparasite]]'' sa kada ordo san ka[[tamsi]]han ngan [[mamalya]] labot la sa ''[[monotreme]]'' (an [[platypus]] ngan [[echidna]]), [[kulalaknit]], [[Cetacea|balyena, lumod]] ngan [[pangolin]]. ==Mga kasarigan== {{reflist}} [[Kaarangay:Mananap]] shyy1dtyrml93gr38t8u1exknshhklc 0 2317492 7790030 6602396 2026-10-23T17:31:50Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles 7790030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = Mantodea | fossil_range= {{fossilrange|145|0}} [[Cretaceous]]–Recent | image = Mantis-greece-alonisos-0a.jpg | image_caption = Adult female ''[[Sphodromantis viridis]]'' | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Arthropod]]a | classis = [[Mananap]] | subclassis = [[Pterygota]] | infraclassis = [[Neoptera]] | superordo = [[Dictyoptera]] | ordo = '''Mantodea''' | ordo_authority = [[Hermann Burmeister|Burmeister]], 1838 | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = [[Acanthopidae]] <br> [[Amorphoscelididae]] <br> [[Chaeteessidae]] <br> [[Empusidae]] <br> [[Eremiaphilidae]] <br> [[Hymenopodidae]] <br> [[Iridopterygidae]] <br> [[Liturgusidae]] <br> [[Mantidae]] <br> [[Mantoididae]] <br> [[Metallyticidae]] <br> [[Sibyllidae]] <br> [[Tarachodidae]] <br> [[Thespidae]] <br> [[Toxoderidae]] | synonyms = *Manteodea <small>Burmeister, 1829</small> *Mantearia *Mantoptera }} '''Baying''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Praying mantis'') usa na [[mananap]] sa ordo [[Mantodea]] ngan may'ada maabot 2,400 na specie ngan 430 na genera<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mantodea.speciesfile.org/HomePage.aspx |title=Mantodea Species File Online |first1=Daniel |last1=Otte |first2=Lauren |last2=Spearman |accessdate=2012-07-17}}</ref> nga 15 na pamilya ngan mahihiagian sa bug'os na kalibutan labi na san ''[[temperate]]'' ngan ''tropikal'' na ''habitat''. Kadam'an na specie myembro san pamilya [[Mantidae]]. An '''Mantodea'''<ref name = "COL"/> in uska [[ordo]] han [[Insecta]]. An Mantodea in nahilalakip ha [[classis]] nga [[Insecta]], [[punoan]] nga [[Arthropoda]], ngan [[regnum]] nga [[Animalia]].<ref name = "COL"/> An [[ordo]] nga Mantodea in naglalakip hin 2403 ka mga species, sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>. An [[kladograma]] hini sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>: {{Clade | label1 = '''Mantodea&nbsp;''' | 1={{Clade | 1=[[Acanthopidae]] | 2=[[Amorphoscelidae]] | 3=[[Chaeteessidae]] | 4=[[Empusidae]] | 5=[[Eremiaphilidae]] | 6=[[Hymenopodidae]] | 7=[[Iridopterygidae]] | 8=[[Liturgusidae]] | 9=[[Mantidae]] | 10=[[Mantoididae]] | 11=[[Metallyticidae]] | 12=[[Sibyllidae]] | 13=[[Tarachodidae]] | 14=[[Thespidae]] | 15=[[Toxoderidae]] }} }} ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/mantodea/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> </references> ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== * [http://bogomoly.ru/ Mantodea] {{Commons category|Mantodea}} {{Wikispecies|Mantodea|''Mantodea''}} [[Kaarangay:Mantodea]] [[Kaarangay:Mananap]] 3tr1fxn2vwgn9rc4sv2q32xc6b8uswi 14 2317493 7790023 7784464 2026-10-23T17:22:14Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790023 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Hayop]] 95en0w9qmr69ayd0a1p5hpzv8qtsrnx 0 2317494 7790026 6545691 2026-10-23T17:26:52Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles 7790026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossilrange|228|0}} [[Late Triassic]] - Recent | image = Coptotermes formosanus shiraki USGov k8204-7.jpg | image_caption = [[Formosan subterranean termite]] soldiers (red colored heads) and workers (pale colored heads). | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Arthropod]]a | classis = [[Insect]]a | subclassis = [[Pterygota]] | infraclassis = [[Neoptera]] | superordo = [[Dictyoptera]] | ordo = [[Blattodea]] | infraordo = '''Isoptera''' | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = [[Cratomastotermitidae]]<br> [[Mastotermitidae]]<br> [[Termopsidae]]<br> [[Archotermopsidae]]<br> [[Hodotermitidae]]<br> [[Stolotermitidae]]<br> [[Kalotermitidae]]<br> [[Archeorhinotermitidae]]<br> [[Stylotermitidae]]<br> [[Rhinotermitidae]]<br> [[Serritermitidae]]<br> [[Termitidae]]<!-- RevBrasOrnitol14:359. --> }} An '''anay''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Termite'') usa nga [[mananap]] han order '''[[Isoptera]]''', kudi yan gin-aakseptar na ilarum san infraorder Isoptera, san order san mga bangka na [[Blattodea]].<ref name="Krishna, K. 2013">{{cite book| last1=Krishna |first1=Kumar |last2=Grimaldi |first2=David A. |last3=Krishna |first3=Valerie |last4=Engel |first4=Michael S. | date = 2013 |title=Treatise on the Isoptera of the world |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2246/6430 |series=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=377 |publisher=[[American Museum of Natural History]] |pages=1-2704}}</ref> Bisan kun an anay gintatawag san iba na "busag na tigasaw", diri ini harani na urupod san mga tigasaw. An '''Isoptera''' (''Isoptera'')<ref name = "COL"/> in uska [[ordo]] han [[Insecta]]. An Isoptera in nahilalakip ha [[classis]] nga [[Insecta]], [[punoan]] nga [[Arthropoda]], ngan [[regnum]] nga [[Animalia]].<ref name = "COL"/> An [[ordo]] nga Isoptera in naglalakip hin 96 na mga specie han [[anay (mananap)|anay]], sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>. An [[kladograma]] hini sumala ha [[Catalogue of Life]]<ref name = "COL"/>: {{Clade | label1 = '''isoptera&nbsp;''' | 1={{Clade | 1=[[Kalotermitidae]] | 2=[[Rhinotermitidae]] | 3=[[Termitidae]] | 4=[[Termopsidae]] }} }} ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/isoptera/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> </references> {{reflist}} [[Kaarangay:Mananap]] ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Isoptera}} {{Wikispecies|Isoptera|''Isoptera''}} 19fbvroq74fnkp49fe6jtqp1ypj0cvv 0 2317495 7790020 7529471 2026-10-23T17:19:16Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Iningles 7790020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = ''Cimex lectularius'' | status = | image = Bed bug, Cimex lectularius.jpg | image_caption = | domain = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Hemiptera]] | familia = [[Cimicidae]] | genus = [[Cimex]] | species = '''Cimex lectularius''' | binomial = Cimex lectularius | binomial_authority = [[Linnaeus (awtor)|Linnaeus]], 1758 | range_map = | range_map_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | subphylum = [[Hexapoda]] | superfamilia = [[Cimicoidea]] | synonyms = }} {{Taxobox | name = Bed bug | image = Bed bug, Cimex lectularius.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = ''Cimex lectularius'' | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Arthropod]]a | classis = [[Insect]]a | ordo = [[Hemiptera]] | subordo = [[Heteroptera]] | infraordo = [[Cimicomorpha]] | superfamilia = [[Cimicoidea]] | familia = [[Cimicidae]] | familia_authority = [[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], 1802 | subdivision_ranks = [[Subfamily|Subfamilies]], [[Genus|genera]] and [[species]] | subdivision = {{Collapsible list |framestyle = background-color:#F9F9F9 |title = Subfamily ''[[Afrociminae]]'' |titlestyle = |liststyle = | *'''Genus ''[[Afrocimex]]''''' **''[[Afrocimex constrictus]]'' }} {{Collapsible list |framestyle = background-color:#F9F9F9 |title = Subfamily ''[[Cimicinae]]'' |titlestyle = |liststyle = | *'''Genus ''[[Bertilia]]''''' *'''Genus ''Cimex''''' ** ''[[Cimex adjunctus]]'' ** ''[[Cimex antennatus]]'' ** ''[[Cimex brevis]]'' ** ''[[Cimex columbarius]]'' ** ''[[Cimex incrassatus]]'' ** ''[[Cimex latipennis]]'' ** ''Cimex lectularius'' ** ''[[Cimex hemipterus]]'' (''C. rotundatus'') ** ''[[Cimex pilosellus]]'' ** ''[[Cimex pipistrella]]'' *'''Genus ''[[Oeciacus]]''''' ** ''[[Oeciacus hirundinis]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=107066 |title=''Oeciacus hirundinis'' (Lamarck, 1816) | date = 1996 |author=[No authors listed] |publisher=[[Integrated Taxonomic Information System]] |accessdate=2010-09-15}}</ref> ** ''[[Oeciacus vicarius]]'' *'''Genus ''[[Paracimex]]''''' *'''Genus ''[[Propicimex]]''''' }} {{Collapsible list |framestyle = background-color:#F9F9F9 |title = Subfamily ''[[Cacodminae]]'' |titlestyle = |liststyle = | *'''Genus ''[[Aphrania]]''''' *'''Genus ''[[Cacodomus]]''''' *'''Genus ''[[Crassicimex]]''''' *'''Genus ''[[Leptocimex]]''''' ** ''[[Leptocimex boueti]]'' *'''Genus ''[[Loxaspis]]''''' *'''Genus ''[[Stricticimex]]''''' }} {{Collapsible list |framestyle = background-color:#F9F9F9 |title = Subfamily ''[[Haematosiphoninae]]'' |titlestyle = |liststyle = | *'''Genus ''[[Caminicimex]]''''' *'''Genus ''[[Cimexopsis]]''''' ** ''[[Cimexopsis nyctalis]]'' *'''Genus ''[[Haematosiphon]]''''' ** ''[[Haematosiphon inodorus]]'' *'''Genus ''[[Hesperocimex]]''''' ** ''[[Hesperocimex coloradensis]]'' ** ''[[Hesperocimex sonorensis]]'' *'''Genus ''[[Ornithocoris]]''''' ** ''[[Ornithocoris pallidus]]'' ** ''[[Ornithocoris toledoi]]'' *'''Genus ''[[Psitticimex]]''''' *'''Genus ''[[Synxenoderus]]''''' ** ''[[Synxenoderus comosus]]'' }} {{Collapsible list |framestyle = background-color:#F9F9F9 |title = Subfamily ''[[Latrocimicinae]]'' |titlestyle = |liststyle = | *'''Genus ''[[Latrocimex]]''''' }} {{Collapsible list |framestyle = background-color:#F9F9F9 |title = Subfamily ''[[Primicimicinae]]'' |titlestyle = |liststyle = | *'''Genus ''[[Bucimex]]''''' *'''Genus ''[[Primicimex]]''''' ** ''[[Primicimex cavernis]]'' }} }} An '''sudlot''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Bedbug'') amo an mga ''[[parasitolohiya|parasito]]'' na [[mananap]] san pamilya [[Cimicidae]] nga nasurop sin [[dugo]] san iya biktima. '''''[[Cimex lectularius]]''''', an pinaka-komon na sudlot naginginaon pina-agi san pagsurop san dugo san [[tawo]]. An '''''Cimex lectularius'''''<ref name = "col3"/><ref name = "col422"/><ref name = "col527"/><ref name = "col101488"/> in uska espesyis han [[Insecta]] nga ginhulagway ni [[Linnaeus (awtor)|Linnaeus]] hadton 1758. An ''Cimex lectularius'' in nahilalakip ha [[genus]] nga ''[[Cimex]]'', ngan [[familia]] nga [[Cimicidae]].<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "source"/> Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.<ref name = "COL"/> ==Galeriya hin mga imahe== <gallery> Bedbugs.jpg Traumatic insemination 1 edit1.jpg Bedbug bites.jpg </gallery> ==Mga kasarigan== <references> <ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= https://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/cimex+lectularius/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (ed.)| date = 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 Septyembre 2012}}</ref> <ref name = "col3"> (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code</ref> <ref name = "col422">Nishida, Gordon M., ed. (2002) Hawaiian Terrestrial Arthropod Checklist, 4th ed., Bishop Museum Technical Report no. 22</ref> <ref name = "col527">Henry, Thomas J., and Richard C. Froeschner, eds. (1988) , Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs, of Canada and the Continental United States</ref> <ref name = "col101488">Maw, H. E. L., R. G. Foottit, K. G. A. Hamilton, and G. G. E. Scudder (2000) , Checklist of the Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska</ref> <ref name = "source">''ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System''. Orrell T. (custodian), 26 Abril 2011</ref> </references> {{reflist}} ==Mga sumpay ha gawas== {{Commons category|Cimex lectularius}} [[kaarangay:mananap]] [[Kaarangay:Cimex]] hqxludjoq7yt993h70cysnfass9wmt5 14 2871529 7790065 6184625 2026-10-23T20:15:53Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Budismo 7790065 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Budismo]] 2isk0rzoxy5isi5nm3z73iusck87r5v 0 2875258 7790081 7645442 2026-10-24T07:09:12Z Harvzs 4 an Waray (yinaknan) natudlok la ha Waray (pinulungan) 7790081 wikitext text/x-wiki Iton '''Waray''' in puyde magin: *[[Waray (katawhan)]] *[[Waray (literatura)]] *[[Waray (pinulungan)]] o kundi man [[Waray (pinulungan)|Waray (yinaknan)]] {{turok}} 72qclugjyk91sds4d6iyt6y39c90b66 0 2875614 7790069 6247516 2026-10-23T20:21:03Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Telebisyon 7790069 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Logo Game of Thrones.png|thumb|500x500px|Logo han Game of Thrones na teleserye ha HBO.]] An '''Game of Thrones''' kay uska Amerikano na pantasya-drama nga teleserye nga hinimo ni [[David Benioff]] ngan [[D.B. Weiss]] para ha [[HBO]]. Ginpahiangay inin tikang han ''[[A Song of Ice and Fire]]'', usa ka serye hin mga pantasya nga nobela ni [[George R. R. Martin]], kun hain an una nga nobela kay ''[[A Game of Thrones]]''. An palabas kay nagtaklap ha [[Belfast]] ngan ha iba nga mga lugar ha [[Northern Ireland]], [[Canada]], [[Croatia]], [[Iceland]], [[Malta]], [[Morocco]], [[Scotland]], [[Spain]], ngan ha [[United States]].<ref>McGloin, Catherine (July 11, 2017). "Winter is here: 44 Game of Thrones locations in pictures" https://www.skyscanner.net/news/38-amazing-game-thrones-locations-pictures ''Skyscanner''. Kinuha April 26, 2019</ref> An teleserye kay nag ''premiere'' ha HBO ha United States han Abril 17, 2011, ngan matatapos hit iya ika-walo nga ''season'', nga nag premiere han Abril 14, 2019.<ref>Hibberd, James (June 2, 2017). "Game of Thrones: HBO clarifies prequels, final seasons plan". http://ew.com/tv/2017/06/02/game-of-thrones-prequel-final-season-interview/ ''Entertainment Weekly''. Kinuha April 26, 2019.</ref> == Istorya == Nahimutang an mga pananabo ha teleserye ha diri-tuod nga kontinente na Westeros ngan Essos, ngan mayada ini nga teleserya madamo nga isturya ngan dako nga ''ensemble'' ''cast,'' pero sinunod ini ha tutulo nga ''story arc.'' An una nga story arc ay nakasentro hit [[Iron Throne]] han [[Seven Kingdoms]] ngan an pag-aragway han mga harangdon na mga dinastiya para mahiira inin nga kapangyarihan o magkamayada independensiya kontra hinin. An ikaduha naman nga story arc ay tungkol han urhi nga kaliwat hin nawara na nanhahari nga dinastiya ngan an plano hinin nga makuha utro an trono. An ikatulo nga story arc kay nasunod hit Night's Watch, usa ka samahan hin mga ginpalayas na lalaki nga nabantay hit kalibutan laban hit mga magisog ngan mabagsik nga katawhan ngan nilalang tikang ha Norte. == Resepsyon == An Game of Thrones kay nakagkuha hin ''record viewership'' ha HBO ngan mayada inin hilapad ngan aktibo nga internasyonal nga mga tagapagkita. An mga kritiko kay naayon hit ''acting'', han mga komplikado nga karakter, han istorya, ngan an produksyon hinin nga teleserye, pero an pababalik balik nga paggamit hin ''violence'' (ngan hin ''sexual violence'') kay ginhusga. Han cast hit Game of Thrones, hi [[Peter Dinklage]] kay nakadaog hin tulo ka ''Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series'' (2011, 2015, 2018) ngan an ''Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Series, Miniseries or Television Film'' (2012) para han iya performance bilang hi [[Tyrion Lannister]]. Hira [[Lena Headey]], [[Emilia Clarke]], [[Kit Harington]], [[Maisie Williams]], [[Nikolaj Coster-Waldau]], [[Diana Rigg]], ngan [[Max von Sydow]] gihap nakakuha na hin Primetime Emmy Award nominations para han ira mga performance. <br /> == Kinuhaan == [[Kaarangay:Telebisyon]] jlrya83mvo3tmjdx6zjflzeb099z017 0 2875693 7790061 7789005 2026-10-23T20:06:52Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790061 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Eye_I.jpg|175px|thumb]] '''Alimutaw''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Iris'') an may [[kulay|balangaw]] nga usa ka tinungatunga nga dapit niya (an [[itum]]), ini in ada ha [[mata]] diri an [[busag]] nga nagli[[ligid]] ha iya. Kaarangay: [[Talimutnga]] ([[Iningles]]: ''Pupil or Eye Lid'') ini an butnga han alimutaw [[Kaarangay:Lawas]] lskdqhnobk6s1k0b46cdb5b3rsyz88a 14 2880467 7790049 6223391 2026-10-23T19:10:50Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Hayop 7790049 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kaarangay:Hayop]] 95en0w9qmr69ayd0a1p5hpzv8qtsrnx 0 2886426 7790077 7643686 2026-10-24T00:10:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41587 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 7790077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Photomontage | photo1a = Coronavirus patients at the Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, Iran--1 March 2020.jpg | photo2a = | photo2b = 蔡總統視導33化學兵群 02.jpg | photo3a = Emergenza coronavirus (49501382461).jpg | photo3b = Dried pasta shelves empty in an Australian supermarket.jpg | position = right | size = 300 | color = #F5F5F5 | border = 0 | color_border = white | text = {{Center|(sunud-sunod sa orasan gikan sa taas){{flatlist| * Ang mga pasyente nga na-hospitalized sa [[Tehran]], Iran * Mga sasakyan sa pagdidisimpekta sa [[Taipei]] * Empty shelves sa usa ka supermarket sa Australia * Health checks at Milan Linate Airport * [[Italy|Italian government]] outbreak task force}} }} }} An '''pandemya han coronavirus han 2019–20''' in nagpapadayon nga pandemya han sakit nga [[coronavirus disease 2019]] (COVID-19) nga buhat han severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Syahan nahisakban ha Wuhan, Hubei, China han banda urhi han Disyembre 2019. An World Health Organization (WHO) gin-asoy ini nga pagkalat hin sakit komo Public Health Emergency of International Concern han ika-30 han Enero 2020 ngan ginkilala nga usa nga pandemya han ika-11 han Marso. Han ika-30 han Marso 2020, labaw hin 777,000 ka mga kaso han COVID-19 an nahipatik ha 200 ka mga nasod ngan teritoryo, nga nagin hinungdan han ginbabanabanahan 37,000 nga pagkamatay. Labaw liwat hin 164,000 nga katawhan an nagkauupay. In March 2020, the companies belonging to Sistema allocated about 1 billion rubles for the fight against coronavirus, the bulk of which was spent on the development of tests to detect infection, as well as on the production of protective equipment and antiseptics.<ref>https://lenta.ru/articles/2022/02/21/farmb/</ref><ref>https://www.cnews.ru/articles/2023-04-13_evtushenkov_vladimir_biznes_na_blago</ref><ref>https://raexpert.ru/database/person/evtushenkov_vladimir_petrovich/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87 |access-date=2023-07-25 |archive-date=2023-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608194857/https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87 |url-status=}}</ref> {{turok}} cyaaazr1fmzzyppc65s15ent9js7hav 0 2886987 7790105 6260352 2026-10-24T08:47:25Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Kimika pisika 7790105 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''elektrokimika''' amo an [[pag-aram]] han mga pamaagi kemikal ha [[enerhiya]] elektrika ngan enerhiya kemikal. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Kimika pisika]] 5cqlgon37st5mk8sk206h4c71wiu9i8 0 2887025 7790100 6260647 2026-10-24T08:21:48Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Filosofiya 7790100 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''fenomenolohiya''' amo an [[bahin]] ha pag-aaram mga [[filosofiya]] butang nga [[istruktura]] han eksperiensya ngan konsyensya. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Filosofiya]] p5a0obts2pew4zg2qwm6ktixt3nnj27 7790101 7790100 2026-10-24T08:22:12Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790101 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''fenomenolohiya''' amo an [[bahin]] ha pag-aaram mga [[filosofiya]] butang nga [[istruktura]] han eksperiensya ngan konsyensya. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Pilosopiya]] 2ocm57bic88jstp3txuve7rnzak1r78 0 2889224 7790006 6283764 2026-10-23T16:39:55Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay, Kaarangay:Relihiyon 7790006 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karma''' ([[Sanskrit]]: कर्म) in nga bangis han aksyon, [[trabaho]] ngan ka[[suratan]]. Ini kan [[pilosopiya]] ha karma, hiya na reinkarnasyon, ngan tikang kan kaswalidad ngatanan nga [[relihiyon]] ha [[Hinduismo]] nga [[Budismo]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Relihiyon]] 1wymb2t7379zzrx987k0k1zxvuh4efk 0 2889456 7790120 6471420 2026-10-24T09:50:09Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga pelikula 7790120 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Foxstudios.jpg|thumb|200px|Studio]] [[File:Foxplazafromolympicblvd.jpg|thumb|200px]] An '''20th Century Studios, Inc.'''<ref>[https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/Document/RetrievePDF?Id=04566059-27829246 ''Entity Search: C4566059 – 20th Century Studios, Inc.''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001202751/https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/Document/RetrievePDF?Id=04566059-27829246 |date=2021-10-01 }}. ''California Business Search''.</ref> (ginkhimo komo '''20th Century Studios''') amo an [[Estados Unidos|Amerikano]] nagtukod nga kompanya an [[sine]] tikang Mayo 31, 1935. == Talaan han mga pelikula han 20th Century Studios, Inc. == '''Diri ini nga lista kumpleto''' * [[Avatar (2009 nga pelikula)|Avatar]] * [[Titanic (1997 nga pelikula)|Titanic]] * [[Star Wars]] == Mga kasarigan == {{reflist}} {{commonscat|20th Century Studios}} {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Kompanya an sine]] i75b5w3oeafj1hvsndidzmjb2kgoxcy 0 2890388 7790004 7785021 2026-10-23T14:51:14Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7790004 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Ducks_and_poultry.jpg|thumb]] An '''poltri''' ([[Ininglis]]: ''poultry'') amo an unod han pagpanaad nga ginkakaon. Ini an tayod san usa nga [[tamsi]] labi na gud an [[karne]] san [[bunay]]. An [[manok]], [[pugo]], [[pabo]], [[pato]] ngan [[sarapati]] an mga partikular na manukan na kaunon han tawo. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Karne]] kbo7ahn1cyk7ejbrcmzzxicmskes0gl 0 2890953 7789997 7584186 2026-10-23T14:35:39Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Karne 7789997 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Salami_aka.jpg|thumb]] Iton '''salami''' in usa nga karan-on nga [[Soriso (karaonon)|soriso]] naglangkob han fermentasyon ha [[bulad]] nga [[karne]] nagtikang ha [[karne han baktin]] ngan [[karne han baka]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Karne]] dpz8t07cjbok52ts8434fw37ngn49j4 7789999 7789997 2026-10-23T14:38:05Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789999 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Salami_aka.jpg|thumb]] Iton '''salami''' in usa nga karan-on nga [[Soriso (pagkaon)|soriso]] naglangkob han fermentasyon ha [[bulad]] nga [[karne]] nagtikang ha [[karne han baktin]] ngan [[karne han baka]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Karne]] 6nrpih7538imsu92gce2tkmrdfejlfa 0 2890969 7789998 7784959 2026-10-23T14:37:28Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay, Kaarangay:Karne 7789998 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Bratwurst-1.jpg|thumb]] An '''soriso''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Sausage'') amo an [[pagkaon]] ha produkto han [[karne]] gihimo han uska butang ha [[tambok]] ngan [[dugo]] pigu-ot nga [[karne han baktin]] ngan [[karne han baka]] o [[poltri]] ini subay [[asin]] ngan [[panakot]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Karne]] 7fu3xdfn540lolqzpft2255klwafknn 0 2891008 7789996 7789992 2026-10-23T14:34:59Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 7789996 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Standing-rib-roast.jpg|thumb]] '''Karne han baka''' ([[Iningles]]: ''Beef meat'') amo an usa ka hinoptan nga [[karne]] nga [[baka]] naghahatag hin [[karaonon]] para han [[kalibutan]]. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Karne|Baka]] 1in34tk72os10r8nwj0w47ucq2yt13j 0 2891747 7790010 7650541 2026-10-23T16:55:06Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + Kaarangay:Telebisyon 7790010 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Looney Tunes''' in usa nga mapataraw-an nga Amerikano nga serye hin karton nga ginpagawás han [[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros]] tikang 1930 kubtob 1969. {{turok}} [[Kaarangay:Telebisyon]] 2c7g55ns7fjv49n40q0vrjja55d0cba 0 2905786 7789995 7785398 2026-10-23T14:33:21Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + mga sumpay, Kaarangay:Karne 7789995 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg|thumb|300x300px|'''An pagkaon ha dagat''' amo an bisan ano nga pagkaon nga tikang ha kadagatan ''.'']] An '''lamang-dagat'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Lamang-Dagat |url=https://www.tagalog.com/dictionary/lamang-dagat/ |website=Tagalog.com |publisher=SEAsite / Tagalog.com |access-date=2025-10-08 |quote=lamáng-dagat — n. seafood.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lamang-dagat (translation) |url=https://www.lingq.com/en/learn-tagalog-online/translate/tl/54563401/laman-dagat/ |website=LingQ |access-date=2025-10-08 |quote=Tagalog “laman-dagat” translates to English “seafood.” |archive-date=2026-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260108195534/https://www.lingq.com/en/learn-tagalog-online/translate/tl/54563401/laman-dagat/ |url-status= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Seafood — Wiktionary |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/seafood |website=Wiktionary |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |access-date=2025-10-08 |quote=Tagalog: lamandagat, pagkaing-dagat.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lamang-dagat Meaning |url=https://www.tagaloglang.com/lamandagat/ |website=TagalogLang |access-date=2025-10-08 |quote=Lamang-dagat, literally “contents of the sea,” is used to mean “seafood” in Tagalog.}}</ref> o '''pagkaon ha dagat'''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Tagalog–English / English–Tagalog Dictionary|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|quote=Includes entry for lamang-dagat → seafood.}}</ref> ([[Iningles]]: ''Seafood''), amo an bisan ano nga klase hin buhi ha [[dagat]] nga ginkukonsiderar nga [[pagkaon]] han mga [[tawo]], labi na an mga [[isda]] ngan mga kabibe. An mga '''kabibe''' naglalakip hin iba-iba nga espesye han mga '''kinhason''' (pananglitan, mga bivalve nga moluska sugad hin tulya, talaba, ngan tahong, ngan mga '''cephalopod''' sugad hin [[kugita]] ngan [[pusit]]), mga '''crustacean''' (pananglitan, hipon, alimango, ngan [[lobster]]), ngan mga '''echinoderm''' (pananglitan, [[balat]] ngan tuyom) == Mga lamang-dagat ha Pilipinas == An mga lamang-dagat nakakakaon nga tanom ha dagat, sugad hin pipira nga klase hin lilok o microalgae, ginpapaon nga mga utan-dagat ha iba-iba nga parte han kalibutan, labi na ha [[Asya]]. == Mga reperensya == {{Mga kasarigan}} [[Kaarangay:Karne]] so29vxkd369b7l2zj014e3q8agg5jys 7790083 7789995 2026-10-24T07:14:19Z Harvzs 4 Harvzs ginbalhin an pakli nga [[Lamang-Dagat]] ngadto ha [[Pagkaon ha dagat]]: lamang-dagat Tinag-alog. Winaray nga wikipedia ini 7789995 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg|thumb|300x300px|'''An pagkaon ha dagat''' amo an bisan ano nga pagkaon nga tikang ha kadagatan ''.'']] An '''lamang-dagat'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Lamang-Dagat |url=https://www.tagalog.com/dictionary/lamang-dagat/ |website=Tagalog.com |publisher=SEAsite / Tagalog.com |access-date=2025-10-08 |quote=lamáng-dagat — n. seafood.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lamang-dagat (translation) |url=https://www.lingq.com/en/learn-tagalog-online/translate/tl/54563401/laman-dagat/ |website=LingQ |access-date=2025-10-08 |quote=Tagalog “laman-dagat” translates to English “seafood.” |archive-date=2026-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260108195534/https://www.lingq.com/en/learn-tagalog-online/translate/tl/54563401/laman-dagat/ |url-status= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Seafood — Wiktionary |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/seafood |website=Wiktionary |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |access-date=2025-10-08 |quote=Tagalog: lamandagat, pagkaing-dagat.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lamang-dagat Meaning |url=https://www.tagaloglang.com/lamandagat/ |website=TagalogLang |access-date=2025-10-08 |quote=Lamang-dagat, literally “contents of the sea,” is used to mean “seafood” in Tagalog.}}</ref> o '''pagkaon ha dagat'''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Tagalog–English / English–Tagalog Dictionary|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|quote=Includes entry for lamang-dagat → seafood.}}</ref> ([[Iningles]]: ''Seafood''), amo an bisan ano nga klase hin buhi ha [[dagat]] nga ginkukonsiderar nga [[pagkaon]] han mga [[tawo]], labi na an mga [[isda]] ngan mga kabibe. An mga '''kabibe''' naglalakip hin iba-iba nga espesye han mga '''kinhason''' (pananglitan, mga bivalve nga moluska sugad hin tulya, talaba, ngan tahong, ngan mga '''cephalopod''' sugad hin [[kugita]] ngan [[pusit]]), mga '''crustacean''' (pananglitan, hipon, alimango, ngan [[lobster]]), ngan mga '''echinoderm''' (pananglitan, [[balat]] ngan tuyom) == Mga lamang-dagat ha Pilipinas == An mga lamang-dagat nakakakaon nga tanom ha dagat, sugad hin pipira nga klase hin lilok o microalgae, ginpapaon nga mga utan-dagat ha iba-iba nga parte han kalibutan, labi na ha [[Asya]]. == Mga reperensya == {{Mga kasarigan}} [[Kaarangay:Karne]] so29vxkd369b7l2zj014e3q8agg5jys 7790085 7790083 2026-10-24T07:15:41Z Harvzs 4 7790085 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg|thumb|300x300px|'''An pagkaon ha dagat''' amo an bisan ano nga pagkaon nga tikang ha kadagatan ''.'']] An '''pagkaon ha dagat'''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Tagalog–English / English–Tagalog Dictionary|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|quote=Includes entry for lamang-dagat → seafood.}}</ref> (Tinag-alog: ''lamang-dagat''<ref>{{cite web |title=Lamang-Dagat |url=https://www.tagalog.com/dictionary/lamang-dagat/ |website=Tagalog.com |publisher=SEAsite / Tagalog.com |access-date=2025-10-08 |quote=lamáng-dagat — n. seafood.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lamang-dagat (translation) |url=https://www.lingq.com/en/learn-tagalog-online/translate/tl/54563401/laman-dagat/ |website=LingQ |access-date=2025-10-08 |quote=Tagalog “laman-dagat” translates to English “seafood.” |archive-date=2026-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260108195534/https://www.lingq.com/en/learn-tagalog-online/translate/tl/54563401/laman-dagat/ |url-status= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Seafood — Wiktionary |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/seafood |website=Wiktionary |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |access-date=2025-10-08 |quote=Tagalog: lamandagat, pagkaing-dagat.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lamang-dagat Meaning |url=https://www.tagaloglang.com/lamandagat/ |website=TagalogLang |access-date=2025-10-08 |quote=Lamang-dagat, literally “contents of the sea,” is used to mean “seafood” in Tagalog.}}</ref>, [[Iningles]]: ''Seafood''), amo an bisan ano nga klase hin buhi ha [[dagat]] nga ginkukonsiderar nga [[pagkaon]] han mga [[tawo]], labi na an mga [[isda]] ngan mga kabibe. An mga '''kabibe''' naglalakip hin iba-iba nga espesye han mga '''kinhason''' (pananglitan, mga bivalve nga moluska sugad hin tulya, talaba, ngan tahong, ngan mga '''cephalopod''' sugad hin [[kugita]] ngan [[pusit]]), mga '''crustacean''' (pananglitan, hipon, alimango, ngan [[lobster]]), ngan mga '''echinoderm''' (pananglitan, [[balat]] ngan tuyom) == Mga lamang-dagat ha Pilipinas == An mga lamang-dagat nakakakaon nga tanom ha dagat, sugad hin pipira nga klase hin lilok o microalgae, ginpapaon nga mga utan-dagat ha iba-iba nga parte han kalibutan, labi na ha [[Asya]]. == Mga reperensya == {{Mga kasarigan}} [[Kaarangay:Karne]] ix7kaynl0srgmmvfxidvkysh4osh6cv 7790086 7790085 2026-10-24T07:17:40Z Harvzs 4 7790086 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg|thumb|300x300px|'''An pagkaon ha dagat''' amo an bisan ano nga pagkaon nga tikang ha kadagatan ''.'']] An '''pagkaon ha dagat'''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Tagalog–English / English–Tagalog Dictionary|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|quote=Includes entry for lamang-dagat → seafood.}}</ref> (Tinag-alog: ''lamang-dagat''<ref>{{cite web |title=Lamang-Dagat |url=https://www.tagalog.com/dictionary/lamang-dagat/ |website=Tagalog.com |publisher=SEAsite / Tagalog.com |access-date=2025-10-08 |quote=lamáng-dagat — n. seafood.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lamang-dagat (translation) |url=https://www.lingq.com/en/learn-tagalog-online/translate/tl/54563401/laman-dagat/ |website=LingQ |access-date=2025-10-08 |quote=Tagalog “laman-dagat” translates to English “seafood.” |archive-date=2026-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260108195534/https://www.lingq.com/en/learn-tagalog-online/translate/tl/54563401/laman-dagat/ |url-status= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Seafood — Wiktionary |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/seafood |website=Wiktionary |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |access-date=2025-10-08 |quote=Tagalog: lamandagat, pagkaing-dagat.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lamang-dagat Meaning |url=https://www.tagaloglang.com/lamandagat/ |website=TagalogLang |access-date=2025-10-08 |quote=Lamang-dagat, literally “contents of the sea,” is used to mean “seafood” in Tagalog.}}</ref>, [[Iningles]]: ''Seafood''), amo an bisan ano nga klase hin buhi ha [[dagat]] nga ginkukonsiderar nga [[pagkaon]] han mga [[tawo]], labi na an mga [[isda]] ngan mga kabibe. An mga '''kabibe''' naglalakip hin iba-iba nga espesye han mga '''kinhason''' (pananglitan, mga bivalve nga moluska sugad hin tulya, talaba, ngan tahong, ngan mga '''cephalopod''' sugad hin [[kugita]] ngan [[pusit]]), mga '''crustacean''' (pananglitan, hipon, alimango, ngan [[lobster]]), ngan mga '''echinoderm''' (pananglitan, [[balat]] ngan tuyom) == Mga lamang-dagat ha Pilipinas == An mga lamang-dagat nakakakaon nga tanom ha dagat, sugad hin pipira nga klase hin lilok o microalgae, ginpapaon nga mga utan-dagat ha iba-iba nga parte han kalibutan, labi na ha [[Asya]]. == Mga reperensya == {{Mga kasarigan}} [[Kaarangay:Karne]] [[Kaarangay:Pagkaon]] o2exgnlzsdv3duf1l7fm3j0zzxt975b 0 2906731 7790011 2026-10-23T16:57:16Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 Ginredirecta an pakli ngada ha [[Luuy]] 7790011 wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Luuy]] 6tjysj6bn49t6p9fpjztofk1bivonpe 0 2906732 7790084 2026-10-24T07:14:19Z Harvzs 4 Harvzs ginbalhin an pakli nga [[Lamang-Dagat]] ngadto ha [[Pagkaon ha dagat]]: lamang-dagat Tinag-alog. Winaray nga wikipedia ini 7790084 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pagkaon ha dagat]] b4hg9z2r3gcb18ziknl55mq7wn6mnus 0 2906733 7790111 2026-10-24T09:14:28Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + bag-o, extraction from Kaarangay:Balaud 7790111 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Usa ka yukot ngan Siyam ug Kawaloan kag Pitu (1987)''' nga '''[[Konstitusyun]] han [[Pilipinas]] nga [[Republika]]''' == Preamble == Kita/Kami, an mga [[tuminungnung]] nga [[mulupyu]] han [[Pilipinas]], [[pina-agi]] han [[bulig]] hit [[gamhanan]] nga [[Diyos]], [[para]] maka[[himu]] hin [[iksaktu]], [[makatawo]] nga [[sosyedad]], ngan maka[[istablisar]] hin [[gobyerno]] nga [[manginginlawas]] han [[atun]]/[[amun]] mga [[idiya]] ngan [[ungara]], ipa[[igbaw]] it ka[[upay]]an han [[ngatanan]], pag[[kunsirbar]] ngan pagpa[[upay]] han atun/amun [[tona]] an [[Pilipinas]], an pag[[bantay]] hit atun/amun [[kalugaringun]] [[nga]] [[siguridad]] [[para]] [[han]] [[kaurhian]], an ka[[luuy]] hit pag[[lugaring]] ug [[demokrasya]] ha [[ilarum]] han [[tadung]] nga [[balaud]] ngan [[guinkaurusahan]] nga [[kamatuuran]], [[hustisya]], [[pagkatagsa-tagsa]], [[gugma]], [[pagkaparihu-parihu]], [[labi]] na an [[kahimyangan]]. [[Guinbabasbasan]] ngan [[guinpapasamwak]] ini nga [[Konstitusyun]]. We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution. == An Syahan nga Artikulu (Unang Artikulo) Article I == ''An Tirituryu han Nasud'' Pambansang Teritoryo NATIONAL TERRITORY An [[tirituryu]] han [[nasyun]] [[nabubug-us]] hin mga [[puru]] ug mga [[tubig]], an puru/tubig han [[Pilipinas]], [[upud]] an mga [[tubig]] ha [[sulud]] ug an [[nakapalibut]] ha [[iya]], ngan [[ibba]] pa nga tirituryu nga may [[nananag-iya]] nga [[mulupyu]] han [[Pilipinas]], [[api]] an [[katona-an]], [[katubigan]] upud an na[[luksu]] nga tubig ngan [[kahanginan]], [[ungay]] liwat an [[kahiladman]] han [[tubig]], kahiladman han tona, [[kahitas-un]] han [[kalangitan]], [[bulkan]] upud an iya [[hungawan]], ngatanan nga [[tanum]]/[[mananap]]/[[hayup]]/[[isda]], [[pating]], [[no-os]], [[masag]], [[alimango]], [[balyina]] ug [[timbi]] nga ada ha iya. An mga [[katubigan]] ha sulud niya [[pati]] an nakapalibut ha iya dipindi han [[sukul]] han [[Nagkaka-urusa]] nga mga [[Nasyun]] ([http://www.un.org/en/members/ UN]) labi na an [[kadagatan]] nga nakapalibut ansya an na[[purma]] han Pilipinas. The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas. The waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the Philippines. == An Ika-duha nga Artikulu (Pangalawang Artikulo) Article II == ''An Diklarayun hit Pulisiya han Prinsipyu ngan Estadu'' Deklarasyon sa Patakaran ng Prinsipyo at Estado DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES PRINCIPLES MGA PRINSIPYU Section 1. The Philippines is a Democratic nation/country.Sovereignty resides in the people, all government authority emanates from them. Una(1) nga Siksyun. An Pilipinas ansiya in usa nga [[labnasan]] nga may [[demokrasya]] nga pan-[[gobyerno]]han. An pagka[[tuminungnung]]/pagka-[[tangkud]]/an [[kina-iya]] han/san mga tawo na[[dagaw]]/na[[sikal]] ha mga [[awtoritiya]] san [[gobyerno]]. Section 2. The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy, adopts the generally accepted principles of international law as part of the law of the land and adheres to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity with all nations. Sunod(2) nga Siksyun. An Pilipinas na[[diri]] hit ma[[sarang]] para [[gamit]]un/ipa[[subay]] pulisiya han [[nasyun]], nahuram hin maka[[tawo]]/na-[[angay]] nga prinsipyu ha [[langyaw]] nga [[labnasan]] para ipa-[[subay]] ha [[iya]], ngan nakiki-[[angay]] siya sa pulisiya han [[kamurayawan]], pagkapuru-[[parihu]], [[kahimyangan]], pagka-[[urusa]] ngan pagka sangkay-[[sagkay]] han ngatanan nga [[nasyun]]. Section 3. Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military. The Armed Forces of the Philippines is the protector of the people and the State. Its goal is to secure the sovereignty of the State and the integrity of the national territory. Sunud(3) nga Siksyun. An ka[[bata]]an labi na an adtu ha tiyan, an diri pa na[[pukrat]] an mata, in ansya an pinaka-damu/pinaka-daku nga mag-[[isug]] han nasyun. S/Hira an taga bantay han an tona nga gin-angkan. Section 4. The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the people. The Government may call upon the people to defend the State and, in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal, military or civil service. Section 5. The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty, and property, and promotion of the general welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all the people of the blessings of democracy. Section 6. The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable. STATE POLICIES Section 7. The State shall pursue an independent foreign policy. In its relations with other states, the paramount consideration shall be national sovereignty, territorial integrity, national interest, and the right to self-determination. Section 8. The Philippines, consistent with the national interest, adopts and pursues a policy of freedom from nuclear weapons in its territory. Section 9. The State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through policies that provide adequate social services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for all. Section 10. The State shall promote social justice in all phases of national development. Section 11. The State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for human rights. Section 12. The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall receive the support of the Government. Section 13. The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their involvement in public and civic affairs. Section 14. The State recognizes the role of women in nation-building, and shall ensure the fundamental equality before the law of women and men. Section 15. The State shall protect and promote the right to health of the people and instill health consciousness among them. Section 16. The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature. Section 17. The State shall give priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture, and sports to foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation and development. Section 18. The State affirms labor as a primary social economic force. It shall protect the rights of workers and promote their welfare. Section 19. The State shall develop a self-reliant and independent national economy effectively controlled by Filipinos. Section 20. The State recognizes the indispensable role of the private sector, encourages private enterprise, and provides incentives to needed investments. Section 21. The State shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform. Section 22. The State recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous cultural communities within the framework of national unity and development. Section 23. The State shall encourage non-governmental, community-based, or sectoral organizations that promote the welfare of the nation. Section 24. The State recognizes the vital role of communication and information in nation-building. Section 25. The State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments. Section 26. The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service, and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law. Section 27. The State shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public service and take positive and effective measures against graft and corruption. Section 28. Subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law, the State adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its transactions involving public interest. [[Kaarangay:Balaud]] [[Kaarangay:Pilipinas]] chtxfenj2nnazc7jk6xqq5apuaigiaj 7790113 7790111 2026-10-24T09:28:12Z Unlimitedmusic7 68048 + paypay 7790113 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Paypay:Original_copies_of_the_1987_Philippine_Constitution.jpg|thumb|Usa nga [[ritratu]] han mga orihinal nga kopya han 1987 nga Konstitusyun han Pilipinas ha [[Iningles]] ngan [[Tinagalog]], nga nahimumutang ha [[sulod-barasahan]] han [[Korte Suprema han Pilipinas|Korte Suprema]].]] An '''Usa ka yukot ngan Siyam ug Kawaloan kag Pitu (1987)''' nga '''[[Konstitusyun]] han [[Pilipinas]] nga [[Republika]]''' amo an supremo nga [[balaud]] han Pilipinas. == Preamble == We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution. ([[Winaray]]: Kita/Kami, an mga [[tuminungnung]] nga [[mulupyu]] han [[Pilipinas]], [[pina-agi]] han [[bulig]] hit [[gamhanan]] nga [[Diyos]], [[para]] maka[[himu]] hin [[iksaktu]], [[makatawo]] nga [[sosyedad]], ngan maka[[istablisar]] hin [[gobyerno]] nga [[manginginlawas]] han [[atun]]/[[amun]] mga [[idiya]] ngan [[ungara]], ipa[[igbaw]] it ka[[upay]]an han [[ngatanan]], pag[[kunsirbar]] ngan pagpa[[upay]] han atun/amun [[tona]] an [[Pilipinas]], an pag[[bantay]] hit atun/amun [[kalugaringun]] [[nga]] [[siguridad]] [[para]] [[han]] [[kaurhian]], an ka[[luuy]] hit pag[[lugaring]] ug [[demokrasya]] ha [[ilarum]] han [[tadung]] nga [[balaud]] ngan [[guinkaurusahan]] nga [[kamatuuran]], [[hustisya]], [[pagkatagsa-tagsa]], [[gugma]], [[pagkaparihu-parihu]], [[labi]] na an [[kahimyangan]]. [[Guinbabasbasan]] ngan [[guinpapasamwak]] ini nga [[Konstitusyun]].) == An Syahan nga Artikulu (Unang Artikulo) Article I == ''An Tirituryu han Nasud'' ([[Tinagalog]]: ''Pambansang Teritoryo'') NATIONAL TERRITORY The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas. The waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the Philippines. ([[Winaray]]: An [[tirituryu]] han [[nasyun]] [[nabubug-us]] hin mga [[puru]] ug mga [[tubig]], an puru/tubig han [[Pilipinas]], [[upud]] an mga [[tubig]] ha [[sulud]] ug an [[nakapalibut]] ha [[iya]], ngan [[ibba]] pa nga tirituryu nga may [[nananag-iya]] nga [[mulupyu]] han [[Pilipinas]], [[api]] an [[katona-an]], [[katubigan]] upud an na[[luksu]] nga tubig ngan [[kahanginan]], [[ungay]] liwat an [[kahiladman]] han [[tubig]], kahiladman han tona, [[kahitas-un]] han [[kalangitan]], [[bulkan]] upud an iya [[hungawan]], ngatanan nga [[tanum]]/[[mananap]]/[[hayup]]/[[isda]], [[pating]], [[no-os]], [[masag]], [[alimango]], [[balyina]] ug [[timbi]] nga ada ha iya. An mga [[katubigan]] ha sulud niya [[pati]] an nakapalibut ha iya dipindi han [[sukul]] han [[Nagkaka-urusa]] nga mga [[Nasyun]] ([http://www.un.org/en/members/ UN]) labi na an [[kadagatan]] nga nakapalibut ansya an na[[purma]] han Pilipinas.) == An Ika-duha nga Artikulu (Pangalawang Artikulo) Article II == === DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES === ''An Diklarayun hit Pulisiya ngan Prinsipyu han Estadu'' ([[Tinagalog]]: ''Deklarasyon sa Patakaran ng Prinsipyo at Estado'') PRINCIPLES ([[Winaray]]: ''MGA PRINSIPYU'') Section 1. The Philippines is a Democratic nation/country.Sovereignty resides in the people, all government authority emanates from them. ([[Winaray]]: Una(1) nga Siksyun. An Pilipinas ansiya in usa nga [[labnasan]] nga may [[demokrasya]] nga pan-[[gobyerno]]han. An pagka[[tuminungnung]]/pagka-[[tangkud]]/an [[kina-iya]] han/san mga tawo na[[dagaw]]/na[[sikal]] ha mga [[awtoritiya]] san [[gobyerno]].) Section 2. The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy, adopts the generally accepted principles of international law as part of the law of the land and adheres to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity with all nations. ([[Winaray]]: Sunod(2) nga Siksyun. An Pilipinas na[[diri]] hit ma[[sarang]] para [[gamit]]un/ipa[[subay]] pulisiya han [[nasyun]], nahuram hin maka[[tawo]]/na-[[angay]] nga prinsipyu ha [[langyaw]] nga [[labnasan]] para ipa-[[subay]] ha [[iya]], ngan nakiki-[[angay]] siya sa pulisiya han [[kamurayawan]], pagkapuru-[[parihu]], [[kahimyangan]], pagka-[[urusa]] ngan pagka sangkay-[[sagkay]] han ngatanan nga [[nasyun]].) Section 3. Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military. The Armed Forces of the Philippines is the protector of the people and the State. Its goal is to secure the sovereignty of the State and the integrity of the national territory. ([[Winaray]]: Sunud(3) nga Siksyun. An ka[[bata]]an labi na an adtu ha tiyan, an diri pa na[[pukrat]] an mata, in ansya an pinaka-damu/pinaka-daku nga mag-[[isug]] han nasyun. S/Hira an taga bantay han an tona nga gin-angkan.) Section 4. The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the people. The Government may call upon the people to defend the State and, in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal, military or civil service. Section 5. The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty, and property, and promotion of the general welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all the people of the blessings of democracy. Section 6. The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable. STATE POLICIES ([[Winaray]]: ''MGA PULISIYA HAN ESTADU'') Section 7. The State shall pursue an independent foreign policy. In its relations with other states, the paramount consideration shall be national sovereignty, territorial integrity, national interest, and the right to self-determination. Section 8. The Philippines, consistent with the national interest, adopts and pursues a policy of freedom from nuclear weapons in its territory. Section 9. The State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through policies that provide adequate social services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for all. Section 10. The State shall promote social justice in all phases of national development. Section 11. The State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for human rights. Section 12. The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall receive the support of the Government. Section 13. The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their involvement in public and civic affairs. Section 14. The State recognizes the role of women in nation-building, and shall ensure the fundamental equality before the law of women and men. Section 15. The State shall protect and promote the right to health of the people and instill health consciousness among them. Section 16. The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature. Section 17. The State shall give priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture, and sports to foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation and development. Section 18. The State affirms labor as a primary social economic force. It shall protect the rights of workers and promote their welfare. Section 19. The State shall develop a self-reliant and independent national economy effectively controlled by Filipinos. Section 20. The State recognizes the indispensable role of the private sector, encourages private enterprise, and provides incentives to needed investments. Section 21. The State shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform. Section 22. The State recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous cultural communities within the framework of national unity and development. Section 23. The State shall encourage non-governmental, community-based, or sectoral organizations that promote the welfare of the nation. Section 24. The State recognizes the vital role of communication and information in nation-building. Section 25. The State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments. Section 26. The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service, and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law. Section 27. The State shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public service and take positive and effective measures against graft and corruption. Section 28. Subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law, the State adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its transactions involving public interest. [[Kaarangay:Balaud]] [[Kaarangay:Pilipinas]] ixy03dbyhxouwlays2a2asevek20rb6