Wikipedia:Community Portal

<mediawiki xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/ http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11.xsd" version="0.11" xml:lang="xh">
  <siteinfo>
    <sitename>Wikipedia</sitename>
    <dbname>xhwiki</dbname>
    <base>https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphepha_Elingundoqo</base>
    <generator>MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24</generator>
    <case>first-letter</case>
    <namespaces>
      <namespace key="-2" case="first-letter">iMedia</namespace>
      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">Mahluko</namespace>
      <namespace key="0" case="first-letter" />
      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">Ingxoxo</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">Ilungu</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">Ingxoxo nelungu</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">Wikipedia</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">Ingxoxo ngeWikipedia</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">Ngokweenkcukacha</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">Ingxoxo ngokweenkcukacha</namespace>
      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">iMediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">Ingxoxo ngeMediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">iThemplethi</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">Ingxoxo yethemplethi</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">Uncedo</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">Ingxoxo ngoncedo</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">Uluhlu</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">Ingxoxo ngoluhlu</namespace>
      <namespace key="710" case="first-letter">TimedText</namespace>
      <namespace key="711" case="first-letter">TimedText talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="828" case="first-letter">Module</namespace>
      <namespace key="829" case="first-letter">Module talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="1728" case="first-letter">Event</namespace>
      <namespace key="1729" case="first-letter">Event talk</namespace>
    </namespaces>
  </siteinfo>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Community Portal</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2127</id>
    <revision>
      <id>42340</id>
      <parentid>42267</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-26T14:00:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MediaWiki message delivery</username>
        <id>4063</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* I-wiki yakho iza kuba kukufunda kuphela kungekudala */ new section</comment>
      <origin>42340</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35429" sha1="h7um8efzf0qk0a8t81rid5185ruga2r" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__

[[/Archive/]] - [[/Archive2/]] - [[/Archive3/]] - [[/Archive4/]] - [[/Archive5/]] 
----

* '''xh:''' Izicelo zeflegi yebot kufuneka zenziwe kweli phepha. Le wiki isebenzisa umthetho womgangatho we-bot, kwaye uvumela ii-bot zehlabathi kunye nokugunyaziswa kweentlobo ezithile ze-bot oko kusenzeka ngaphandle kokulawulwa ngumntu. ezinye ii-bots zimelwe kukwenzeka apha ngaphantsi, kuze ke emva koko, [[kucelwe indlela yokufikelela]] kulowo ubekiweyo ukuba abeliliso xa kungekho mpikiswano.
* '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection.

== Ingxoxo yababini ==


[[Mahluko:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-35191-47|&amp;#126;2025-35191-47]] ([[Ingxoxo nelungu:&amp;#126;2025-35191-47|talk]]) 19:22, 20 Eye Nkanga 2025 (UTC)

:cela ubuza yini i G 20 [[Mahluko:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-35191-47|&amp;#126;2025-35191-47]] ([[Ingxoxo nelungu:&amp;#126;2025-35191-47|talk]]) 19:24, 20 Eye Nkanga 2025 (UTC)

== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:44, 16 EyoMqungu 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=29879549 --&gt;

== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 

Dear Wiki Community,

We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign 
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.

;What Can Participants Write About? 
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:

* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations  
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances  
* Women and queer figures in folklore  
* Women in mythology and oral traditions  
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives  
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends  
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices  

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer 
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:

# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] 
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool  
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline  
#* Local and international prizes  
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]  
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign.  '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us 
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,
  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''  
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;
[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
Hello everyone,

We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe.

;About Wiki Loves Folklore 

'''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight:
* Folk traditions and rituals  
* Cultural festivals and celebrations  
* Traditional attire and crafts 
* Performing arts, music, and dance  
* Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage  

Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world.

[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] 

; Host a Local Edition 

As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to:
* Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture  
* Engage new contributors in your community  
* Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content  

'''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:'''  

If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know.

If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region.

;Get in Touch 
If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via:

* The project Talk pages  
* Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''

We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail.

Warm regards,  

'''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;
Iqonga lakho othetha kulo 13:21, 18 EyoMqungu 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=29228188 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:02, 19 EyoMqungu 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=29905753 --&gt;

== Proposals for closing projects ==

Hello,
There is a proposal to closing the project in Meta-Wiki: [[:m:Proposals for closing projects/Closure of Xhosa Wikipedia 3]], you're invited to join the discussion. Thanks, Iqonga lakho othetha kulo 23:13, 1 EyoKwindla 2026 (UTC) Iqonga lakho othetha kulo 23:13, 1 EyoKwindla 2026 (UTC)

: I '''oppose''' this proposal in principle. The community should decide for itself what quality looks like. Also by own admission the proposer is not a native speaker of the language and has admitted to sub-quality contributions as an attempt to &quot;'''''take over the wiki'''''&quot;. --[[Mahluko:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-15525-52|&amp;#126;2026-15525-52]] ([[Ingxoxo nelungu:&amp;#126;2026-15525-52|talk]]) 11:31, 11 EyoKwindla 2026 (UTC)

== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&amp;oldid=28552112 --&gt;

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using Iqonga lakho othetha kulo 17:11, 3 EkaTshazimpuzi 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=29941252 --&gt;

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
Iqonga lakho othetha kulo 00:58, 26 EkaTshazimpuzi 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30424282 --&gt;

== Remove African language  ==

idk Iqonga lakho othetha kulo 19:39, 20 Inyanga kaCanz... 2026 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:15, 27 Inyanga kaCanz... 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30513860 --&gt;

== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|inthetho]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:12, 23 EyeSilimela 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30513860 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:30, 25 EyeSilimela 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&amp;oldid=30731267 --&gt;

== Isixhosa ==

[[Hxmoj😝❤️😁hknm dknlblslspjgk kelcmfkelxkclemclf|Hxmoj😝❤️😁]] Iqonga lakho othetha kulo 16:41, 16 EyeKhala 2026 (UTC)

== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}
You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]])  12:25, 24 EyeKhala 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30513860 --&gt;

== I-wiki yakho iza kuba kukufunda kuphela kungekudala ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Funda lo myalezo ngolunye ulwimi]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-09-23|en}}'''.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future.&lt;/span&gt; 

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.&lt;/span&gt;

'''&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.&lt;/span&gt;'''

* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-09-23|en}}.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Then you should be able to save your edit.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;''Other effects'':&lt;/span&gt;

* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This project may be postponed if necessary.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Any changes will be announced in the schedule.&lt;/span&gt; 

'''&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Please share this information with your community.&lt;/span&gt;'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

[[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 Eyo Msintsi 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=30513874 --&gt;

== Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges ==
''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)''

Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.&lt;br/&gt;
We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader).

We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.&lt;br/&gt;
Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis.
[[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of &quot;Language Link&quot; edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]]

The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why?
Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. 

Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]]

Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 10:20, 21 Eyo Msintsi 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&amp;oldid=31065812 --&gt;

== Isindululo senqaku: Yohane 3:16 ==
Ndicebisa ukuba kuqwalaselwe inqaku ngoYohane 3:16. Ncedani niqale nijonge ukuba alikho na phantsi kwelinye igama.  inokusetyenziswa njengomzekelo wolwakhiwo: intshayelelo, umbhalo neenguqulelo, umxholo, iindlela zokutolika kunye nefuthe kwinkcubeko. Izimvo zonqulo kufuneka zibhekiswe kubabhali bazo.

* [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/john/3 USCCB: John, chapter 3 (text and notes)]
* [https://classic.net.bible.org/verse.php?book=Joh&amp;chapter=3&amp;verse=16 NET Bible: John 3:16 (translation notes)]
* [https://newvoices.arts.chula.ac.th/index.php/en/article/view/60 Piotr Blumczyński (2006), The rise and fall of a translational compound, New Voices in Translation Studies 2(1)]
* [https://translation.bible/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/moody-1959-god-s-only-son-the-translation-of-john-3-16-in-the-revised-standard-version.pdf Dale Moody (1959), God’s Only Son, The Bible Translator 10(4), 145–147]
* [https://www.workingpreacher.org/commentaries/revised-common-lectionary/second-sunday-in-lent/commentary-on-john-31-17-11 Ronald J. Allen (2023), Commentary on John 3:1–17, Working Preacher / Luther Seminary]
* [https://www.workingpreacher.org/commentaries/revised-common-lectionary/holy-cross-sunday/commentary-on-john-313-17-2 Jennifer Garcia Bashaw (2025), Commentary on John 3:13–17, Working Preacher / Luther Seminary]
* [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1561476 Robert H. Gundry and Russell W. Howell (1999), The Sense and Syntax of John 3:14–17, Novum Testamentum 41(1), 24–39]

Ndicebisa ukuba abahleli baqwalasele [https://www.john316explained.com/xh/ John 3:16 Explained] njengekhonkco elongezelelweyo. Yiprojekthi ezimeleyo yokucacisa, ayilopapasho lophando oluhlolwe ziingcali. Iqonga lakho othetha kulo 18:59, 4 Eye Dwarha 2026 (UTC)

== Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist ==
''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)''

Earlier last month, all Wikis were contacted for feedback on our proposal to remove language link changes, this change has already been deployed to Wikisource, Wikibooks, Wikivoyage, Wikiquote, Wikiversity and Wiktionary.

The same change is now being rolled out globally to all Wikipedias on '''October 13, 07:00 UTC'''. Editors will no longer see notifications after this time on their [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item (it does not affect language link notifications to the home wiki). There will then be a two-week monitoring period to observe if a reduction of high-volume but low-value notifications takes place, or if higher-value changes become easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the  Wikidata For Wikimedia [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|Projects talk page]].&lt;br/&gt;
Wikidata's own Recent Changes page is not affected as it serves as the repository for these changes.

Please reach out if you have any questions, or if your wiki would like to opt-out, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]])  sent via Iqonga lakho othetha kulo 09:29, 9 Eye Dwarha 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&amp;oldid=31142775 --&gt;

== I-wiki yakho iza kuba kukufunda kuphela kungekudala ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Funda lo myalezo ngolunye ulwimi]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-10-28|en}}'''.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-10-28T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-10-28T15:00}}]'''.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future.&lt;/span&gt; 

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.&lt;/span&gt;

'''&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.&lt;/span&gt;'''

* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-10-28|en}}.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Then you should be able to save your edit.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;''Other effects'':&lt;/span&gt;

* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This project may be postponed if necessary.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Any changes will be announced in the schedule.&lt;/span&gt; 

'''&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Please share this information with your community.&lt;/span&gt;'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

[[user:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] 14:00, 26 Eye Dwarha 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=30513874 --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>h7um8efzf0qk0a8t81rid5185ruga2r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Inqaku lesiseko eliphambili lephandemikhi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6514</id>
    <revision>
      <id>42341</id>
      <parentid>36509</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-26T21:23:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>10408</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6)</comment>
      <origin>42341</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19866" sha1="iim4w7g7zv3tv0c0yfy2tfcv3edq9b9" xml:space="preserve">'''Iphandemikhi''' (lo mxholo usuka kwisiGrike), kuxa kukho uqhambuko lwesifo esosulelayo &quot;esihamba&quot; siye kwilizwe elinye nangaphezulu okanye kwingingqi enye nangaphezulu. Ukusuleleka kwesifo ebantwini abaliqela kwingingqi enye kwixesha elifutshane kuthiwa yi-ephidemikhi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-06-30|title=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention&amp;oldid=965222741|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isifo esisuleleka ngokubanzi kodwa esichaphazela abantu benani elizinzileyo kuthiwa &quot;yi-endemikhi&quot;, hayi iphandemikhi. Usasazeko ngokubanzi lwezifo ezichaphazela abantu benani elizinzileyo, njengophindaphindo lomkhuhlane oluthi lufike ngamaxesha athile onyaka, alubandakanywa kuba luqhubekeka ngexesha elinye kwiingingqi ezinkulu elizweni, hayi ukuthi zisasazeka kwizwe lonke.

=== Inkcazo kunye namanqanaba ===
Iphandemikhi yi-ephidemikhi eyenzeka kwinqanaba elikhulu ngaphesheya kwimida yamazwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/610974909|title=A dictionary of epidemiology.|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|others=Porta, Miquel S., International Epidemiological Association.|isbn=978-0-19-933893-1|edition=5th ed.|location=Oxford|oclc=610974909}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isifo okanye isigulo asiyophandemikhi kuba sisasazeka ngokubanzi okanye kuba sibulala abantu abaninzi; kufuneka sisuleleke. Umzekelo, umhlaza ngunobangela wokusweleka kabantu abaninzi, kodwa awuyophandemikhi kuba awosuleleki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Dumar, A. M.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/401165992|title=Swine flu : what you need to know|date=2009|publisher=Brownstone Books|isbn=1-4344-5832-6|location=[Place of publication not identified]|oclc=401165992}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amazinga osuleleko kwii-ephidemikhi (kunye neephandemikhi) alandela inkqubo elandela umgca onomjikelo xa wakhelwe kwigrafu. Mgca lowo ubonisa inani labantu abosulelweyo kwixesha elithile. Umgca we-ephidemikhi ufana nomgca wephandemikhi ixesha elininzi xa isifo eso &quot;sihamba sisasazeka&quot;. Izifo ezosulelayo zisasazeka ngezigaba ezintathu njengakule grafu ingezantsi.

'''Isigaba sokuqala''' senzeka ekuqaleni komgca onomjikelo. Ukuba umntu usebenzisa usasazeko lweCovid-19 njengomzekelo we-ephendemikhi, oku kungaphawula ukuqala kokusasazeka kwesifo, ngoku abantu abosulelekileyo bebambalwa.

'''Isigaba sesibini''' somgca we-ephidemikhi onomjikelo sibonisa &quot;isigaba soluntu&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Wiles|first=Siouxsie|date=2020-03-09|title=The three phases of Covid-19 – and how we can make it manageable|url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/09-03-2020/the-three-phases-of-covid-19-and-how-we-can-make-it-manageable/|accessdate=2020-07-04|website=The Spinoff}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oku kuxa inani lisanda labantu abatsha abosulelekayo.

'''Isigaba sesithathu''' somgca onomjikelo we-ephidemikhi sibonisa i-ephendemikhi iphantsi kolawulo okanye akukho suleleko lutsha.

=== Ulawulo ===
Akhona amanyathelo angathathwa ngoorhulumente ukulawula usasazeko lwephandemikhi. Ngonyaka wama-2005, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (iWorld Health Organisation) wamkela iMigaqo yezeMpilo yeHlabathi (International Health Regulations), inkqubo-sikhokelo esemthethweni ukuthintela, ukulawula nokuphendula kumngcipheko wempilo yoluntu olungasasazeka kumazwe amaninzi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} International Health Regulations (2005)|url=http://www.who.int/ihr/publications/9789241580496/en/|accessdate=2020-07-04|website=WHO}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukongeza, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (iWorld Health Organisation) uphuhlise incwadi yesikhokelo eneenkcukacha malunga nokusombulula iiphandemikhi zomkhuhlane. Le ncwadi yaqala yapapashwa ngowe-1999, yaze yahlaziywa ngowama-2005 nangowama-2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} International Health Regulations (2005)|url=http://www.who.int/ihr/publications/9789241580496/en/|accessdate=2020-07-04|website=WHO}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uninzi lwamanyathelo athathiweyo ukulwa iphandemikhi yeCovid-19 asuka kwiMigaqo yezeMpilo yeHlabathi (International Health Regulations) yangowama-2005 nakwizikhokelo zokulungiselela iphandemikhi yomkhuhlane zoMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (zeWorld Health Organisation).

Zininzi iingxoxo ezikhoyo malunga nendlela ye3T (Uvavanyo, Unyango, Ulandelelo). Le ndlela ivumela amazwe achonge abantu abachaphazelekileyo nabosulelweyo ngokukhawuleza, phambi kokuba babekelwe bucala banyangwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-04-08|title=The 3 T’s model: Hitting the nail on the head|url=http://www.jordantimes.com/opinion/mohammad-majed-abufaraj/3-ts-model-hitting-nail-head|accessdate=2020-07-04|website=Jordan Times|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608184610/http://www.jordantimes.com/opinion/mohammad-majed-abufaraj/3-ts-model-hitting-nail-head|archive-date=2020-06-08|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le ndlela ibandakanya ukulandelela bonke abantu abadibene nomntu osulelekileyo, nabo babekelwe bucala. Le ndlela ikhuthazwe kukusebenza kwayo kumazwe afana neSouth Korea neSingapore, kodwa oorhulumente bala mazwe bebeyilungiselele ngcono le meko emva kokuphazamiseka okwenziwe nguSARS.

Ukuqelelana kwabantu yimpilo yoluntu yokuziqhelisana nendlela enenjongo yokuthoba isantya sosasazeko nohambo lwesi sifo, ngokuthi kuthintelwe abantu ukuba bangasondelelani ukuze kuncitshiswe amathuba osulelekho lwesi sifo sosulelayo. UMlawuli uGqirha Michael J Ryan woMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (iWorld Health Organisation) uthe kwingcaciso yomshiceleli ngomhla we-19 kweyoKwindla kowama-2020, ukuqelelana kwabantu &quot;lunyathelo lwexeshana ukuthoba isantya sosasazeko lwentsholongwane, nokususa uxinzelelo kwinkqubo yezempilo, hayi ukuxazulula udabi lwentsholongwane. Kuyindleko kwaye kufuneka kusetyenziswe amanye amanyathelo ukuze le ngxaki ixazululeke.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Inc|first=Twitter|title=Reuters Top News @Reuters|url=https://www.pscp.tv/Reuters/1OdJrqYMXMXGX|accessdate=2020-07-04|website=Periscope}}&lt;/ref&gt;. UGqirha Ryan wenze kwacaca ukuba ukuzibhekelisa kodwa akuzususa sifo.

== Iiphandemikhi zangoku ==
=== INtsholongwane kaGawulayo ===
Nangona iWHO isebenzisa ibinzana elithi &quot;i-ephidemikhi yehlabathi&quot; ukuchaza iHIV&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Data and statistics|url=http://www.who.int/hiv/data/en/|accessdate=2020-07-04|website=WHO}}&lt;/ref&gt;, yiphandemikhi ngokulandela intsingiselo yegama kuphela. Ukusukela kowama-2018, izigidi zabantu behlabathi ezingama-37.9 zosuleleke yiHIV. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Horton|first=Richard|date=2019-07|title=Offline: Who should lead UNAIDS?|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31563-6|journal=The Lancet|volume=394|issue=10192|pages=12|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31563-6|issn=0140-6736}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ngowama-2018, kubhubhe abantu bamawaka asi-770,000 nguGawulayo (iAIDS). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2019-02-06|title=Knowledge is Power|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/c54bbf5f-en|doi=10.18356/c54bbf5f-en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okwangoku, iSub-Sahara yeAfrika yeyona ngingqi ichaphazekileyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Steele|first=Russell W.|date=2016-03-21|title=Zika Virus|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922816638660|journal=Clinical Pediatrics|volume=55|issue=8|pages=698–700|doi=10.1177/0009922816638660|issn=0009-9228}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== IiCorona Virus/ IiNtsholongwane zeCorona ===
Iintsholongwane zeCorona (iiCoV) zilusapho lweentsholongwane ezibangela izigulo eziqala kumkhuhlane wesiqhelo ukuyoqhina kwizifo ezifana nezifo zokuphefumla iMiddle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) kunye neSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). Uhlobo olutsha lwentsholongwane yecorona (SARS-CoV-2) lubangela isifo sentsholongwane yeCorana (seCoronavirus) yama-2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=1984-03-18|title=ABC News/Washington Post Poll of Public Opinion on Aging, March 1982|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/icpsr08024|accessdate=2020-07-04|website=ICPSR Data Holdings}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye iintsholongwane zecorona zosuleleka kwabantu zibe zisuka kwizilwanyana. Uphando oluneenkcukacha lufumanise ukuba iSARS-CoV yosuleleke ebantwini ibe isuka kwiikati ezizii-civet. I-MERS-CoV yona isuka kwiinkamela ezizii-dromedary yaze yosuleleka ebantwini. Zininzi iintsholongwane zecorona ezisezilwanyaneni ezingekosuleleki ebantwini.

Udidi olutsha lwentsholongwane yecorona luqale eWuhan, kwiphondo leHubei, eChina, kwimihla yokugqibela kweyoMnga kowama-2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2007-12-01|title=Boyle, Sir Edward, (12 June 1878–31 March 1945)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u222922|journal=Who Was Who|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le ntsholongwane ibangele iqela lezifo zokuphefumla ezinzima, ekuthiwa sisifo sentsholongwane yecorona (okanye secoronavirus) sonyaka wama-2019 (iCOVID-19). NgokweDashboard yeYunivesithi iJohn Hopkins&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=JOAO|first=BELMIRO N|date=2020-03-03|title=Geographic Information Systems and COVID-19: The Johns Hopkins University Dashboard|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-15447/v1|accessdate=2020-07-04|website=dx.doi.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;, amazwe achatshazelwe yiCOVID-19 angama-200. Awona mazwe abenosoluleleko oluninzi yiMelika, yiChina kwiingingqi ezisembini, yintshona eYurophu kunye neIran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mayurnikova|first=Larisa|last2=Koksharov|first2=Arkadiy|last3=Krapiva|first3=Tatyana|date=2020-04-15|title=Food safety practices in catering during the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-2-197-203|journal=Foods and Raw Materials|pages=197–203|doi=10.21603/2308-4057-2020-2-197-203|issn=2308-4057}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngomhla we-11 kweyoKwindla kowama-2020, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (iWorld Health Organisation) uphawule usasazeko lweCOVID-19 njengephandemikhi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2007-12-01|title=Winegarten, Asher, (26 March 1922–19 Sept. 1979), Director General, National Farmers’ Union, 1978|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u161119|journal=Who Was Who|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2007-12-01|title=Yentob, Alan, (born 11 March 1947), Creative Director, BBC, 2004–15|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u41305|journal=Who's Who|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukusuka kumhla wama-23 kuTshazimpunzi kowama-2020, inani labantu abosuleleke yiCOVID-19 zizigidi ezi-2.63 kwihlabathi lilonke, ababhubhileyo beli-184,249 kwaye abanyangekileyo bengama-722,055.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mayurnikova|first=Larisa|last2=Koksharov|first2=Arkadiy|last3=Krapiva|first3=Tatyana|date=2020-04-15|title=Food safety practices in catering during the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-2-197-203|journal=Foods and Raw Materials|pages=197–203|doi=10.21603/2308-4057-2020-2-197-203|issn=2308-4057}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Usasazeko oluphawulekayo ==
=== IMalariya ===
IMalariya idla ngokusasazeka kwiinginqi ezisondele kwi-ikhweyitha ezishushu ezifumileyo. Oku kubandakanya iingqingqi kwiiAmericas, eAsia naseAfrika. Nyaka ngamnye, kosuleleka abantu abazizigidi ezingama-350-500 yimalariya. Ukuxhathisa kwamayeza okunyanga imalariya yingxaki ekhulayo ekuyinyangeni imalariya ukusekela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21, kuba ukuxhathisa kwamayeza okunyanga imalariya kuxhaphakile kuwo onke amayeza okunyanga imalariya, ngaphandle kwe-artemisinins.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-12-29|title=CDC - Malaria - Page Not Found|url=http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/facts.htm|accessdate=2020-07-04|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2012-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121229091605/http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/facts.htm|dead-url=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

IMalariya yayixhaphake eYurophu naseNtshona-Melika, apho ingasekhoyo ngoku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Gratz|first=Norman G.|title=Tick-borne diseases of Europe|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511541896.014|journal=The vector- and rodent-borne diseases of Europe and North America|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=89–148|isbn=978-0-511-54189-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kusenokwenzeka ukuba iMalariya ibinegalelo ekutshabalaleni kwesizwe samaRoma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Bower|first=Bruce|date=2001-10-20|title=Lemurs Reveal Clues to Ancient Asian Roots|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4012974|journal=Science News|volume=160|issue=16|pages=245|doi=10.2307/4012974|issn=0036-8423}}&lt;/ref&gt; Esi sifo saqale saziwa &quot;njengomkhuhlane wamaRoma&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Sallares|first=Robert|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199248506.001.0001|title=Malaria and Rome|date=2002-09-05|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-924850-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; I-Plasmodium falciparum yabasisoyikiso esikhulu kubahlali beekoloni nakubantu bemveli ukufika kwayo kwiiAmericas ngexesha lokuthengiswa kwamakhoboka.

=== UMkhulhane weSpanish ===
Umkhulhane weSpanish (ngowe-1918 - 1920) wosulele abantu abazizigidi ezingama-500 kwihlabathi lilonke,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Taubenberger|first=Jeffery K.|last2=Morens|first2=David M.|date=2006-01|title=Influenza Revisited|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1201.051442|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=12|issue=1|pages=1–2|doi=10.3201/eid1201.051442|issn=1080-6040}}&lt;/ref&gt; oku kubandakanya abantu abakwiingingqi ezikude njengeziQithi zePacific nakwiArctic, lomkhuhlane waze wabulala abantu abazizigidi ezingama-200 ukuya kwezili-100.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Taubenberger|first=Jeffery K.|last2=Morens|first2=David M.|date=2006-01|title=1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1209.05-0979|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=12|issue=1|pages=15–22|doi=10.3201/eid1209.05-0979|issn=1080-6040}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Swanson|first=David A.|last2=Tayman|first2=Jeff|date=2012|title=Historical Estimates|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8954-0_17|journal=The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis|location=Dordrecht|publisher=Springer Netherlands|pages=331–355|isbn=978-90-481-8953-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uninzi losasazeko lomkhuhlane lubulala ngokungakhethiyo abancinci kakhulu kunye nabadala kakhulu. Aba baphakathi ngabona banethuba lokusinda. Nangona, umkhuhlane weSpanish ubulale isikakhulu abaphakathi ngendlela engaqondakaliyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Gagnon|first=Alain|last2=Miller|first2=Matthew S.|last3=Hallman|first3=Stacey A.|last4=Bourbeau|first4=Robert|last5=Herring|first5=D. Ann|last6=Earn|first6=David JD.|last7=Madrenas|first7=Joaquín|date=2013-08-05|title=Age-Specific Mortality During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Unravelling the Mystery of High Young Adult Mortality|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069586|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=8|issue=8|pages=e69586|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0069586|issn=1932-6203}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umkhuhlane weSpanish ubulale ukodlula iMfazwe yeHlabathi yoku-1 kwaye ubulale abantu abaninzi kwiiveki zawo zokuqala ezingama-25 ukodlula uGawulayo kwiminyaka yokuqala engama-25. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2003-07-21|title=The Advance of the Influenza Virus|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511586576.003|journal=America's Forgotten Pandemic|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=17–36|isbn=978-0-521-83394-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1976-10-30|title=Swine Flu Vaccine: Facts vs. Fears|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3961152|journal=Science News|volume=110|issue=18|pages=277|doi=10.2307/3961152|issn=0036-8423}}&lt;/ref&gt; Intshukumo yabantu abaninzi kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezisondeleleneyo kubangele ukuba isasazeke ngokukhawuleza kwaye itshintshatshintshe iindidi ngesantya esiphezulu. Usuleleko olulula kwamajoni lungaba lubangelwe luxinzelelo, ukungondleki, kunye nokuhlaselwa ngemichiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Qureshi|first=Adnan I|date=2016|title=Treatment of Ebola Virus Disease|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-804230-4.00011-x|journal=Ebola Virus Disease|publisher=Elsevier|pages=159–166|isbn=978-0-12-804230-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uphuhliso lweenkqubo lwezithutho lwenze kwalula ukuba amajoni, oomatiloshe kunye nabantu basasaze esi sifo.

== Inkxalabo malunga neeNtsholongwane ezizayo ==
=== Ukuxathisa kwezibulala-ntsholongwane ===
Iintsholongwane ezixhathisayo kwizibulala-ntsholongwane ziqhele ukubizwa &quot;izinambuzane ezinamandla&quot;. Zinganegalelo ekuvukeni kwezifo eziphantsi kolawulo olulungileyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2007-06-15|title=NETWATCH: Botany's Wayback Machine|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.316.5831.1547d|journal=Science|volume=316|issue=5831|pages=1547d–1547d|doi=10.1126/science.316.5831.1547d|issn=0036-8075}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umzekelo, usuleleko lwesifo sephepha esixhathisayo kumayeza onyango aqhele ukusebenza luhlala liluxhala kubasebezi lwecandelo lezempilo. Inani losuleleko lwesifo sephepha esixhathisa kumayeza onyango (MDR-TB) kwihlabathi lonke nyaka ngamnye liphantse lafika kwama-500.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2010-12-01|title=Mace, Andrew Stephen, (born 31 Dec. 1973), Senior UK Government Relations Officer, Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation, since 2014|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u250738|journal=Who's Who|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; IChina neIndiya ngawona mazwe ahambela phambili kusuleleko lweMDR-TB.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1994-02-15|title=CDC efforts reflect concern about drug-resistant TB|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/51.4.448b|journal=American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy|volume=51|issue=4|pages=448–452|doi=10.1093/ajhp/51.4.448b|issn=1079-2082}}&lt;/ref&gt;. UMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (iWorld Health Organisation/ iWHO) uxela ukuba inani labantu abosulelekileyo yiMDR-TB kwihlabathi lonke zizigidi ezingama-50. Iipersenti ezingama-79 kwabobantu bosulelekileyo abanyangeki kuba isifo sabo sixhathisile kwizibulala-ntsholongwane. Ngowama-2005, useleleko lweMDR-TB kubantu abali-124 lwenzeke eMelika. Usuleleko lwesifo sephepha esixhathisa kakhulu kunyango (XMDR-TB) luchongwe eAfrika ngowama-2006, kwaye kufunyaniswe ukuba lukhona kumazwe angama-49 - oku kubandakanya iMelika. I-WHO iqikelela ukuba kubakho usuleleko lweXMDR-TB olunani lingama-40 000 nyaka ngamnye.

Kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, iibhaktheriya eziqhelekileyo iStaphylococcus aureus, iSerratia marcescens kunye neEnterococcus ziphuhlule uxhathiso lwezibulala-ntsholongwane ezininzi ezifana ne-vancomcyn, i-aminoglycosides kunye ne-cephalosporins. Iintsholongwane ezixhathisayo kwizibulala-ntsholongwane zibangela usuleleko (HAI) oluninzi okunxulumene nokhathalelo lwempilo (nosocomial). Ngaphezulu, usuleleko olubangelwe ziindidi zeentsholongowane ezisuka eluntwini lwengingqi ze-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) kubantu abanempilo entle luye lwaxhaphaka kwiminyaka edlulileyo.

=== Imikhuhlane yeViral hemorrhagic ===
Imikhuhlane yeViral hemorrhagic yosuleleka kakhulu kwaye iyabulala. Imizekelo ibandakanya intsholongwane yeEbola, umkhuhlane weLassa, umkhuhlane waseRift Valley, isifo sentsholongwane yeMarburg kunye nomkhuhlane weBolivian hemorrhagic. Imikhuhlane yeViral hemorrhagic inaso isakhono sokubayiphandemikhi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=DR Congo: IFRC expands Ebola preparedness as fears of regional spread grow|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9813-20180017|accessdate=2020-07-04|website=Human Rights Documents Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isakhono sayo sokubangela iphandemikhi sithintelwe kuba usuleleko lwezi ntsholongwane ludinga ukusondela kakhulu emntwini osulelekileyo kwaye umntu osulelekileyo ugula ixesha elifutshane phambi kokuba abhubhe. Ixesha lifutshane sokuba umntu asisulele esi sifo kwaye ukukhawuleza lokuqala kweempawu luvumela oogqirha bakhawuleze bambeke ekhusini, bamthintele angakwazi ukuyisulela mntu intsholongwane.

=== IZika Virus/ INtsholongwane yeZika ===
Amanqaku aphambili:2015–16 Zika virus epidemic, Zika virus, and Zika fever.

Usasazeko lwentsholongwanye yeZika luqale ekuqaleni lowama-2015 lwaze lwaqhina ekuqaleni lowama-2016, kusuleleke abantu abasisigidi esi-1.5 kumazwe angaphaya kwe-12 kwiiAmericas. UMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi ulumkise ukuba iZika inesakhono sokubayiphandemiki eza konakalisa ihlabathi ukuba ayilawulwanga.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Izifo esosulelayo]]</text>
      <sha1>iim4w7g7zv3tv0c0yfy2tfcv3edq9b9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>