Wikipedia yowiki https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oj%C3%BAew%C3%A9_%C3%80k%E1%BB%8D%CC%81k%E1%BB%8D%CC%81 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.9 first-letter Amóhùnmáwòrán Pàtàkì Ọ̀rọ̀ Oníṣe Ọ̀rọ̀ oníṣe Wikipedia Ọ̀rọ̀ Wikipedia Fáìlì Ọ̀rọ̀ fáìlì MediaWiki Ọ̀rọ̀ mediaWiki Àdàkọ Ọ̀rọ̀ àdàkọ Ìrànlọ́wọ́ Ọ̀rọ̀ ìrànlọ́wọ́ Ẹ̀ka Ọ̀rọ̀ ẹ̀ka Èbúté Ọ̀rọ̀ èbúté Ìwé Ọ̀rọ̀ ìwé TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2543 624862 617174 2026-07-01T23:22:12Z Moses Oyeleye 27306 I changed christianity being discribed as 'esin igbadun' meaning religion of enjoyment to 'esin Ìgbàgbọ́' religion of faith: what it's properly called in Yoruba language. 624862 wikitext text/x-wiki &nbsp; Àwọn àṣà [[Àṣà|ìbílẹ̀]] tó yàtọ̀ wọ́pọ̀ ní [[ilẹ̀ Yorùbá]] àti láàrín àwọn [[Ìran Yorùbá|ará Yorùbá]] . [[File:WLA brooklynmuseum Yoruba Beaded Crown.jpg|thumb|450px|right|Adé ìṣẹ̀mbáyé Yorùbá]] == Ẹ̀sìn Yoruba == Wọ́n sọ pé àwọn [[Ìran Yorùbá|Yorùbá]] jẹ́ ẹlẹ́sìn, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún jẹ́ ẹni tí ó ń ṣe àgbéyẹ̀wò àti ẹni tí ó ní sùúrù nípa ìyàtọ̀ ẹ̀sìn wọn. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn ló ń sọ pé àwọn [[Esin Yoruba|Yorùbá jẹ́ ẹlẹ́sìn]] ; ọ̀pọ̀ mìíràn tún ń sọ pé àwọn un se ẹ̀sìn mìíràn bi [[Ẹ̀sìn Krístì|Kristẹni]] (Ẹ̀sìn Ìgbàgbọ́), [[ẹ̀sìn Islam]] (Ẹ̀sìn Ìmàle) àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ. [[Ifá]] jẹ́ esin kan tí ó jeyo lati odo àwọn ará Yorùbá ní orile-ede Nàìjíríà àti Benin. Won ni igbàgbọ́ wipé ó jẹ́ ètò ìṣẹ́ wíwò tí a fi àwọn ẹsẹ mímọ́ àti ìtàn ńlá tí a ń pè ní [[Odù Ifá|Odus]] ṣe. Àwọn àlùfáà tí a mọ̀ sí [[Babaláwo|babalawo]] máa ń túmọ̀ àwọn ìránṣẹ́ náà nípa lílo ètò ìṣẹ́ wíwò mímọ́ tí ó ń ṣẹ̀dá àpẹẹrẹ pàtó kan nígbà tí a bá jù.<ref name="s725">{{cite web | title=The Complete Guide To Yoruba Spirituality: A Beginner's Journey | website=Ileifa - Yoruba Religion | date=2025-05-17 | url=https://ileifa.org/yoruba-spirituality-a-beginners-journey/ | access-date=2026-03-20}}</ref> == Òfin Ile Yoruba == Òfin Yorùbá ni ètò òfin [[ilẹ̀ Yorùbá]] . Ó díjú gan-an, ẹgbẹ́ kọ̀ọ̀kan àti ẹgbẹ́ kékeré ní ètò kan tí ó yàtọ̀ sí ara won, ṣùgbọ́n ní gbogbogbòò, ìjọba bẹ̀rẹ̀ láàárín ìdílé. Ìpele tí ó tẹ̀lé ni ìdílé, tàbí ìdílé tí ó gbòòrò, tí a mọ̀ olori won sí Baálé. Olórí yìí yóò wà lábẹ́ àwọn olórí ìlú, àwọn olórí wọ̀nyí sì sábà máa ń wà lábẹ́ àwọn Oba wọn, tí wọ́n lè wà lábẹ́ àwọn Oba mìíràn fúnra wọn tàbí kí wọ́n má wà lábẹ́ wọn. == Èdè == [[Ìran Yorùbá|Àwọn Yorùbá]] máa ń sọ [[èdè Yorùbá]], wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ [[Language family|ẹgbẹ́ èdè]] [[Àwọn èdè Niger-Kóngò|Niger-Congo]]. Yàtọ̀ sí pé wọ́n ń tọ́ka sí àpapọ̀ àwọn èdè àdúgbò àti àwọn tó ń sọ wọ́n, wọ́n tún ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ náà Yorùbá fún èdè tí a kọ sílẹ̀. == Ẹ̀kọ́ èdè == Ìwé kíkọ Yorùbá bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìṣẹ̀dá gírámà rẹ̀ tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní ọdún 1843. == Ìmọ̀ ọgbọ́n orí == Àṣà Yorùbá ní ìmọ̀ ọgbọ́n orí àti àṣà ìbílẹ̀, ẹ̀sìn àti ìtàn àròsọ. Wọ́n wà nínú ìwé ńlá kan tí a mọ̀ sí [[Odù Ifá|Odu Ifá]] ní [[ilẹ̀ Yorùbá]] àti ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn. Àwọn apá mìíràn nínú Odu Ifá ni ìmọ̀ nípa ọpọlọ, ìmọ̀ nípa àwùjọ, ìmọ̀ ìṣirò, ìmọ̀ nípa ẹ̀dá ati awon imo miiran ti o sopa mon awon eniyan. A gbàgbọ́ pé èrò àṣà Yorùbá jẹ́ ẹlẹ́rìí àwọn àkókò méjì. Àkókò àkọ́kọ́ jẹ́ àkókò kan gẹ́gẹ́ bi igba tí ọlọ́gbọ́n ìmọ̀-ọ̀ràn àtọ̀runwá, [[Ọ̀rúnmìlà|Ọ̀runmila,]] jẹ́ olórí àti awòràwọ̀ tó gbajúmọ̀. Onímọ̀-ọ̀ràn yìí, Ọ̀runmila, ṣàpẹẹrẹ ọgbọ́n àti èrò tó dára. Wọ́n ti sọ pé ó jẹ́ onímọ̀-ọkàn ju onímọ̀-ọ̀ràn lọ. Òun ni olùtọ́jú àwọn ìfẹ́ ọkàn, àti olùtumọ̀ orí àti àyànmọ́ rẹ̀. Ayé tí kò mọ̀wé, ti won un tiraka lati ye, tí àìní láti tú àwọn ohun ìjìnlẹ̀ ọ̀sán àti òru, ni wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ó ti mú kí Ọ̀runmila gbero iṣẹ́ wíwò. Ìgbà kejì ni àkókò ìjíròrò nípa àròjinlẹ̀. Èyí bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún nígbà tí ilẹ̀ Yoruba náà di ilẹ̀ tí ó mọ̀wé nípa ìtara àti ìṣe àgbékalẹ̀ Dókítà [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther|Ajayi Crowther]], Bíṣọ́ọ̀bù Áńgílíkà àkọ́kọ́ ní Áfíríkà. Wọ́n kà sí ẹni tí ó bere èrò Yorùbá òde òní. Àrà ọ̀tọ̀ èrò Yorùbá ni pé ó jẹ́ ìtàn ti o ni alaye ninu, ó ń ṣàlàyé àti tọ́ka sí ìmọ̀ nípa àwọn okùnfà àti ìṣẹ̀dá àwọn nǹkan tó nípa lórí ara àti awon ohun emi ni agbaye àti àlàáfíà rẹ̀. Àwọn ará Yorùbá ní ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àpèjúwe, ìtàn àròsọ, àti orin, wọ́n sì gbàgbọ́ pé gbogbo ìtàn tó bá ń mú kí òye àwọn ènìyàn gbòòrò sí, tó sì ń se agbekale fun ìrònú kalẹ̀ ni ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìmọ̀ ọgbọ́n orí. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí ní ìgbà àtijọ́, àwọn ọmọ Yorùbá máa ń so ìtumọ̀ ìmọ̀ ọgbọ́n orí àti ẹ̀sìn mọ́ ohunkóhun tí wọ́n bá ṣe tàbí tí wọ́n dá. Nítorí náà, a máa ń pe àwọn kan lára wọn ní onímọ̀ ọgbọ́n orí. Èyí jẹ́ àfikún sí òtítọ́ pé a lè rí oníṣẹ́ ọnà, aṣọ̀wọ́, agbẹ́gilére tàbí amọ̀kòkò ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ilé ní ilẹ̀ Yorùbá. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ẹ̀sìn ni ó sábà máa ń jẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ nínú àṣà Yorùbá, síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, èrò ènìyàn ló máa ń darí ìrònú ẹ̀mí (ori) sí ìṣẹ̀dá àti ṣíṣe ìsìn. Nítorí náà, ìrònú/ìmọ̀ ọgbọ́n orí jẹ́ ohun tó ti wà ṣáájú ìsìn. Lónìí, àwọn àwùjọ ọ̀mọ̀wé àti àwọn tí kò ní imo ẹ̀kọ́ ti uń ní ìfẹ́ sí àṣà Yorùbá, àti nínú ìwé kíkà rẹ̀. Nítorí náà, ìwádìí púpọ̀ sí ni a ń ṣe lórí àṣà Yorùbá, bí a ṣe ń kọ ìwé púpọ̀ sí lórí rẹ̀ — tí ó ń fi àmì rẹ̀ hàn àti títẹ̀síwájú ìwádìí rẹ̀ láàrín àwọn onímọ̀ nípa àṣà ìbílẹ̀ Áfíríkà bí àwọn onímọ̀ ọgbọ́n ìṣèlú àti àwọn onímọ̀ ìṣèlú tí wọ́n ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ṣí ìlẹ̀kùn wọn sí àwọn àṣà ìbílẹ̀ mìíràn, tí wọ́n sì ń mú kí èrò wọn gbòòrò sí. == Àwọn èrò Yorùbá == Ero ní ilẹ̀ Yorùbá àti fún àwọn ará Yorùbá jẹ́ ohun tí a lè fi wé idi ti a fi un gbe aye, wíwá ìtumọ̀ ìgbésí ayé àti fífẹ́ ohun tí ó dára jùlọ ní ìgbésí ayé. Orunmila, olùtọ́jú iṣẹ́ àfọ̀ṣẹ Ifa-Ife, ni baba èrò inú Yorùbá ìgbàanì. Ìfẹ́ ọkàn rẹ̀ (àtọ̀runwá) ti fún gbogbo àwọn ará Yorùbá ní Áfíríkà àti ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn ní ìṣírí, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn tí a jí gbé (sí Amẹ́ríkà àti West Indies) nígbà tí wọ́n ń ta ẹrú. Láti inú ìtumọ̀ èrò inú Yorùbá, èyí tí ṣe wíwá ìtumọ̀ ìgbésí ayé àti ìfẹ́ ọkàn fún ohun tó dára jùlọ ní ìgbésí ayé, èrò inú Yorùbá jẹ́ irú Ìgbìmọ̀ Ìmọ́lẹ̀ ní onan tireẹ, bí gbogbo ọmọ ilẹ̀ ṣe ń gbìyànjú láti dé ibi gíga lori ero ti o nife si. Ìrònú Orunmila mú èrò tuntun wá tí ó fún Dókítà Ajayi Crowther ní iwuri ní ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún, àti Oloye Obafemi Awolowo ní ọ̀rúndún ogún, ẹni tí ó ṣe àṣeyọrí nínú ṣíṣẹ̀dá àyíká ìwà rere fún ilẹ̀ Yorùbá láti gbèrú, tí ó ní ipa lórí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìwà rere tí èrò inú jẹ́ ti àti èyí tí òtítọ́ inú ti jáde wá. Imoye nipa didari ràn lọ́wọ́ pẹ̀lú àwọn èrò ńláńlá. Ó kọ́ àwọn ilé rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n àkọ́kọ́ ní Áfíríkà. Ó gbin àwọn èrò ńláńlá tí ó yọrí sí kíkọ́ pápá ìṣeré òde òní àkọ́kọ́ ní Áfíríkà àti Ilé Kókóo àkọ́kọ́ ní àgbáyé. Ní gbogbogbòò, àwọn ará Yorùbá jẹ́ àwọn olùfẹ́ èrò inú nípa ìṣẹ̀dá. == Iṣẹ́ ọnà == === ère === [[Fáìlì:Yoruba-bronze-head.jpg|thumb|Iboju ti a fi copper se fun Oba Obalufon, [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀|Ife]], Nigeria c. Ọdun 1300 CE]] Àwọn ará Yorùbá ni wọ́n jẹ́ oníṣẹ́ ọnà tó gbajúmọ̀, lókìkí fún iṣẹ́ ọnà ti a mon si terracotta ti won se ni ọ̀rúndún kejìlá, ìkẹtàlá àti ìkẹrìnlá; àwọn onise ona miiran náà ti fi idẹ ṣe iṣẹ́ ọnà. '''Ilé ìkóhun-ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé Esiẹ''' jẹ́ ilé ìkóhun-ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé kan ní Esiẹ; ìlú kan tí ó wà nítòsí Oro ní Irepodun, [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara]] . Ilé ìkóhun-ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé náà ni a kọ́kọ́ dá sílẹ̀ ní [[Nàìjíríà]] nígbà tí wọ́n ṣí ní ọdún 1945. Ó ní àwọn àwòrán tó ju ẹgbẹ̀rún kan lọ tí wọ́n fi òkúta ṣe àfihàn ènìyàn. Wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ó ní àkójọpọ̀ àwọn àwòrán òkúta oníṣẹ́ ọwọ́ tó tóbi jùlọ ní àgbáyé. Ní òde òní, ilé ìkóhun-ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé Esie ti jẹ́ ibi tí àwọn ìgbòkègbodò ìsìn ti ń wáyé, ó sì ń ṣe ayẹyẹ ní oṣù April ní ọdọọdún. === Aṣọ === A máa ń hun aṣọ lórí onírúurú ona lati je ki o mun orisirisi ara. Adire àti Aso Oke jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn aṣọ tó gbajúmọ̀ ní ilẹ̀ Yorùbá. Adire (tai àti àwọ̀) ni orúkọ tí wọ́n ń pe aṣọ aláwọ̀ indigo tí àwọn obìnrin Yorùbá ní gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn Nàìjíríà ń ṣe nípa lílo onírúurú ọ̀nà àwọ̀ tó lè ta. Adire túmọ̀ sí tai àti àwọ̀, àwọn aṣọ tó kọ́kọ́ jẹ́ aṣọ náà sì ṣeé ṣe kí wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn aṣọ tí wọ́n so mọ́ aṣọ owú tí wọ́n fi ọwọ́ hun ní orílẹ̀-èdè wọn bíi ti Mali. === Oúnjẹ === [[Fáìlì:A_Plate_of_Pounded_Yam_(Iyan)_served_in_Birmingham_UK.JPG|thumb|Àwo Iyan]] [[Fáìlì:Moin_Moin.jpg|left|thumb|Àwọn ewé [[Moi-Moi|Moin Moin]] tí a gé; ewé "Ewe eran" (Thaumatococcus daniellii) ni a sábà máa ń lò láti mú kí adùn wọn sunwọ̀n sí.]] Àwọn oúnjẹ tí àwọn Yorùbá ń jẹ ni [[Moi-Moi|moin-moin]] àti [[Àkàrà|akara]]. Àwọn ọbẹ̀ Yorùbá ìbílẹ̀ ní ewedu, [https://www.myactivekitchen.com/gbegiri-abula/ gbegiri] (tí a fi ewa ṣe), àti [[Ẹ̀fọ́|efo riro]] (irú ọbẹ̀ ẹfọ́). Àwọn ọbẹ̀ bí [[Ọbẹ̀ Ilá|obe ila]] (tí a mọ̀ sí ''obé ila'' ní àdúgbò) àti egusi ti di ohun tí ó gbajúmọ̀ ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn Nàìjíríà, àti, ní àfikún sí Amala, oúnjẹ Yorùbá ìbílẹ̀ tí a fi ìyẹ̀fun isu ṣe, a lè jẹ wọ́n pẹ̀lú ewedu àti gbegiri. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ oúnjẹ Nàìjíríà, títí kan isu tí a ti lù (tí a ń pè ní ''iyan'' ní àdúgbò); lafun, fufu Nàìjíríà tí a fi [[Ẹ̀gẹ́|ege]] ṣe; semolina; àti garri ( ''eba'' ). Àwọn oúnjẹ kan ni a ń sè ní pàtàkì fún àwọn ayẹyẹ àti ajodun. [[Ìrẹsì Jọ̀lọ́ọ̀fù|Irẹsi Jollof]], irẹsi dídín àti Ofada wọ́pọ̀ gan-an ní Nàìjíríà (pàápàá jùlọ ní agbègbè gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn). Àwọn oúnjẹ mìíràn tí ó gbajúmọ̀ ni Asaro, Ikokore, Ekuru àti Aro, Obe, Okà, Ege, àti Elubo (bíi àgbàdo, isu àti elubo ogede), ẹyin, adìẹ, àti onírúurú ẹran àti ẹja). Oúnjẹ Yorùbá pọ̀ gan-an, ni afikun ogede tí a lè sè, dín tabi sun. === Orin === [[Fáìlì:Yoruba_cultural_dancer1.jpg|thumb|Àwọn oníjó àṣà ìbílẹ̀ Yorùbá]] Orin àti ijó ti jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú àṣà Yorùbá nígbà gbogbo; wọ́n ń lò wọ́n nínú onírúurú eré ìnàjú. Àwọn ohun èlò orin ni bata, saworo, sekere, gangan àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ. Àwọn oríṣiríṣi orin ni Juju, Fuji àti Afrobeat, pẹ̀lú àwọn olórin bíi King Sunny Ade, [[Ebenezer Obey]], àti KWAM 1. == Asa Sísọ Lorúkọ == Àwọn Yorùbá gbàgbọ́ pé àwọn ènìyàn ń gbé ìtumọ̀ orúkọ wọn. Nítorí náà, [[Ìran Yorùbá|àwọn Yorùbá]] sapá gidigidi láti sọmo lorúkọ. Ìmọ̀ ọgbọ́n orí wọn nípa sísọ orúkọ fún ọmọ ni a gbé kalẹ̀ nínú òwe kan tí ó wọ́pọ̀, ''ilé ni an wo, ki a to so omo l'oruko'' ("a ni lati kíyèsí ìdílé kí a tó sọ orúkọ fún ọmọ"): ènìyàn gbọ́dọ̀ gbé àṣà àti ìtàn àwọn ẹbí ọmọ yẹ̀ wò nígbà tí ó bá ń yan orúkọ. Àwọn ìdílé kan ní àṣà àtijọ́ fún sísọ orúkọ fún àwọn ọmọ wọn. Irú àṣà bẹ́ẹ̀ sábà máa ń wá láti inú iṣẹ́ tàbí ẹ̀sìn wọn. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ìdílé àwọn ọdẹ lè sọ ọmọ wọn ní orúkọ ''Ogunbunmi'' ( [[Ògún Lákáayé|Ogun]] fẹ́ràn mi pẹ̀lú èyí) láti bu ọ̀wọ̀ fun ọlọ́run tí ó fún wọn ní irinse ọdẹ. Ní àkókò kan náà, ìdílé tí ó ń bọ̀wọ̀ fún [[Ifá]] lè sọ ọmọ wọn ní ''Falola'' (Ifa ní ọlá). === Sísọ Lorúkọ === Nítorí pé gbogbo ènìyàn gbàgbọ́ pé orúkọ dàbí ẹ̀mí, àwọn òbí máa ń ṣe ìwádìí kí wọ́n tó fún àwọn ọmọ wọn ní orúkọ. Wọ́n máa ń ṣe ayẹyẹ orúkọ pẹ̀lú ìtọ́jú kan náà, èyí tí ó sábà máa ń jẹ́ omo idílé tó dàgbà jùlọ. Àmì fún ìrètí, ìfojúsùn àti àdúrà àwọn òbí fún ọmọ tuntun náà, oyin, kola, orogbo, atare, omi, epo pupa, suga, [[Ìrèké|ìreke]], iyọ̀, àti ọtí ní ipò àti ìtumọ̀ pàtàkì nínú ojú ìwòye àwọn ará Yorùbá. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, oyin dúró fún adùn, àdúrà àwọn òbí sì ni pé kí ìgbésí ayé ọmọ wọn dùn bí oyin. Lẹ́yìn ìsìn náà, a máa sọ ọmọ náà lórúkọ, àwọn ara ìdílé naa le fún ọmọ náà ní orúkọ. Ẹ̀bùn orúkọ kan máa ń wá pẹ̀lú ẹ̀bùn owó àti aṣọ. Ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìgbà, ìbátan náà yóò pe ọmọ náà ní orúkọ tí wọ́n fún un, nítorí náà ọmọ tuntun lè ní orúkọ tó ju méjìlá lọ. === Orúkọ tí a ti yàn tẹ́lẹ̀ === * Amutorunwa (tí a mú láti ọ̀run wá) * [[Orúkọ Yorùbá|Oruko]] Àwọn Yorùbá kan gbàgbọ́ pé ọmọ lè ní orúkọ tí a ti yàn tẹ́lẹ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, a gbàgbọ́ pé ìbejì ní orúkọ ìbí àdánidá. Nítorí náà, a máa ń pe ẹni àkọ́kọ́ tí a bí nínú méjèèjì ní ''Taiwo'' tàbí ''Taiye'', oruko kekere fun Taiyewo, tí ó túmọ̀ sí ẹni tí ó ń tọ́ ayé wò. Èyí ni láti dá ìbejì àkọ́kọ́ mọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí èyí tí èkejì rán láti kọ́kọ́ lọ láti tọ́ ayé wò. Tí ó bá dúró níbẹ̀, ó tunmo si wipé ile aye dun, èyí yóò sì fi àmì ránṣẹ́ sí èkejì láti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí bo. Nítorí náà, èkejì tí ó dé ni a ń pè ní ''Kehinde''; ó wọ́pọ̀ báyìí fún ọ̀pọ̀ awon ti oun je Kehinde láti máa pe wọn ni "Kenny". Omo ti a ba bi leyin awon ibeji ni a un pe ni Idowu, leyin Idowu ni Alaba, leyin Alaba ni Idogbe. ''Ige'' jẹ́ ọmọ tí o jade pelu ẹsẹ̀ dipo orí; àti ''Ojo'' (ọkùnrin) tàbí ''Aina'' (obìnrin) ni a bí pẹ̀lú okùn ìgbẹ́ ní ọrùn rẹ̀. ''Dada'' ni ọmọ tí a bí pẹ̀lú irun dídì; àti ''Ajayi'' (tí a ń pè ní ''Ogidi Olu'' ) ni ẹni tí a bí ti o koju si isale, Àwọn orúkọ àbinibi mìíràn ni ''Abiodun'' (ẹni tí a bí ní ọjọ́ àjọyọ̀ tàbí àkókò), ''Abiona'' (ẹni tí a bí ní ìrìn àjò) ''Abidemi'' tàbí ''Bidemi'' (ẹni tí a bí láìsí baba rẹ̀) fun apeere: baba ọmọ náà kò rí ayẹyẹ orúkọ ọmọ rẹ̀ ṣùgbọ́n kò kú, bóyá ó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rìnrìn àjò, ''Enitan'' (ọ̀kan lára ìtàn) ọ̀kan lára àwọn òbí le ti ku kí won tó bí, ''Bosede'' (ẹni tí a bí ní ọjọ́ mímọ́); ''Babatunde''/''Babatunji'' (tí ó túmọ̀ sí baba ti padà wá) ni ọmọ tí a bí sí ìdílé kan níbi tí baba kan ti kú láìpẹ́. Èyí jẹ́rìí sí ìgbàgbọ́ nínú àtúnwáyé. ''Iyabode'', ''Yeside'', ''Yewande'', àti ''Yetunde'', ("ìyá ti padà wá") jẹ́ oruko abinibi àwọn obìnrin, àwọn orúkọ pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ kan náà. === Orúkọ tí a fún ní ìgbà ìbí === * Oruko - orúkọ * Abi - ibimọ * So - Ti a so Àwọn orúkọ wọ̀nyí kì ṣe oruko abinibi, sugbon won je oruko ti a fún ọmọ nígbà ìbí ní ọjọ́ keje (fún àwọn obìnrin) àti ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án (fún àwọn ọkùnrin). Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ Yorùbá kan máa ń ṣe ìfọalómọ́ (ẹkẹfà) tí wọ́n máa ń ṣe ìsomoloruko ní ọjọ́ kẹfà. Ipa ìsìn Kristẹni àti ẹ̀sìn Islam nínú àṣà Yorùbá ló fa ayẹyẹ ìsomoloruko ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ. Ìsoloruko awon ibeji nígbà tí wọ́n bá jẹ́ ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ni wọ́n sábà máa ń se ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ ṣùgbọ́n ní ọjọ́ keje tàbí kẹsàn tí wọ́n bá jẹ́ ìbèjì ọkùnrin kan náà tabi obinrin. Wọ́n máa ń fún wọn ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ pàtàkì ní awon akoko isele kan tani omiran pẹ̀lú ìtọ́ka sí àṣà ìdílé gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti sọ lókè. Àpẹẹrẹ àwọn orúkọ tí a fúnni ní ìtọ́kasí sí àṣà ìdílé ni ''Ogundiran'' (Ogun ti di àṣà àgbáyé nínú ìdílé); ''Ayanlowo'' (Àṣà ìlù Ayan jẹ́ ọlá); ''Oyetoso'' (Oye jije je ohun ọ̀ṣọ́); ''Olanrewaju'' (Ọlá ń tẹ̀síwájú); ''Olusegun'' (Ọlọ́run ti ṣẹ́gun ọ̀tá). === Àwọn orúkọ Abiku === * Abi - ibimọ, tabi Bi - bibi * Iku, tabi Ku - kú / oku Àwọn Yorùbá gbàgbọ́ pé àwọn ọmọ kan ni a bí láti kú. Èyí wá láti inú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìbànújẹ́ ti ikú ọmọ wopo ni ìdílé kan náà fún ìgbà pípẹ́. Nígbà tí èyí bá ṣẹlẹ̀, ìdílé náà máa ń gbèrò onírúurú ọ̀nà láti dènà ìtúnpadà, títí kan fífúnni ní orúkọ pàtàkì nígbà ìbí tuntun. Irú àwọn orúkọ bẹ́ẹ̀ ń fi ìjákulẹ̀ àwọn òbí hàn:<ref name="b620">{{cite web | title=Learn about Abiku Children, Names and Rituals | website=Homepage | date=2026-03-20 | url=https://www.yorubalibrary.com/forum/articles/2025/01/abiku_children_and_prevention.html | access-date=2026-03-20}}</ref> * Malomo (má ṣe tún lọ mọ́) * Kosoko (kò sí oko mọ́). Èyí tọ́ka sí oko tí a fi ń gbẹ́ ibojì. * Kashimawo (ẹ jẹ́ kí a dúró kí a sì rí). Èyí fi hàn pé àwọn òbí náà ní ìwà àìṣòótọ́. * Banjoko (jókòó pẹ̀lú mi) * Orukotan (gbogbo orúkọ ti tan) * Yemiitan (ẹ má ṣe tàn mí jẹ) * Kokumo (èyí kò ní kú) * Durojaiye (dúró kí o sì gbádùn ayé) * Durotimi tabi Rotimi (duro pẹlu mi) * Durosola (dúró kí o sì gbádùn ọrọ̀) Àwọn Yorùbá tún ní orúkọ ti a mon si ''[[oriki]]''. Àwọn wọ̀nyí ni orúkọ ìyìn, wọ́n sì ń lò ó láti fi hàn ìdílé ti ọmọ náà jẹ́ tàbí láti fi ìrètí hàn fún ọmọ náà: ''Akanbi'' - (ẹni tí a moomo bí); ''Ayinde'' (ẹni tí a yìn nígbà tí ó bá dé); ''Akande'' (ẹni tí ó wá tàbí tí ó dé pẹ̀lú ìpinnu pípé); ''Atanda'' (ẹni tí a ṣẹ̀dá ní àmọ̀ọ́mọ̀ lẹ́yìn ìwádi kíkún). Fún àwọn obìnrin, ''Aduke'' (ẹni tí gbogbo ènìyàn fẹ́ràn láti tọ́jú), Ayoke (ẹni tí àwọn ènìyàn fẹ́ tọ́jú), ''Arike'' (ẹni tí a tọ́jú nígbà tí a bá rí), ''Atinuke'' tàbí ''Abike'' (ẹni tí a bí láti tọ́jú). == Igbeyawo == [[File:La portée.jpg|thumb|Ayẹyẹ ìgbéyàwó|250px|right]] Àṣà Yorùbá ma uń pèsè ìtọ́sọ́nà ọmọ láti ọ̀dọ̀ ìdílé. Nínú àwùjọ àṣà, a fi omo nan le ọ̀gá iṣẹ́ lọwọ́ fun èyíkéyìí owo tí àwọn òrìṣà bá sọ lori ọmọ náà (bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èyí kì sábà ṣẹlẹ̀ lónìí). Àmọ́, ó lè se iṣẹ́ baba, ní ti ọmọkùnrin, tàbí ìyá, ní ti ọmọbìnrin. Àwọn òbí ló ní ojuṣẹe awon omo fún ìbáṣepọ̀ wọn sínú àṣà àwùjọ, ní àfikún sí fífún ní ọ̀nà láti fi gbọ́ bùkátà. Ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ tún jẹ́ ojuse àwọn òbí.<ref name="p184">{{cite book | last1=Oripeloye | first1=Henri | last2=Omigbule | first2=Morufu Bukola | title=Science Across Cultures: The History of Non-Western Science | chapter=The Yoruba of Nigeria and the Ontology of Death and Burial | publisher=Springer International Publishing | publication-place=Cham | year=2019 | isbn=978-3-030-18825-2 | issn=1568-2145 | doi=10.1007/978-3-030-18826-9_12 | page=193–205}}</ref> [[Fáìlì:A_Yoruba_bride_and_mother.JPG|thumb|Ìyàwó Yorùbá dimo ìyá rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀. Èyí jẹ́ ìgbádùn ìdágbére láti ọ̀dọ̀ ìyá sí ọmọbìnrin.]] Ayẹyẹ ìgbéyàwó ni opin ìfẹ́sọ́nà. Ọ̀dọ́mọkùnrin náà dá ọmọbìnrin kan tí ó fẹ́ràn mọ̀. Òun àti àwọn ọ̀rẹ́ rẹ̀ ń wá kiri ní onírúurú ọ̀nà. Ọ̀dọ́mọkùnrin náà nawo ife sí ọmọbìnrin nan títí di àkókò tí wọ́n fi sún mọ́ ara wọn tó láti yẹra fún eni tí a mọ̀ sí ''alarina''. Lẹ́yìn náà, nígbà tí àwọn méjèèjì bá fi ìfẹ́ hàn, wọ́n jẹ́ kí àwọn òbí wọn mọ̀ pe awon ti ni ife ara wọn. Àwọn òbí ọkùnrin náà ṣètò láti lọ sí ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí ìyàwó tí ó fẹ́ẹ́ fẹ́. Nígbà tí wọ́n bá ti gbà láti ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀, a lè yan ọjọ́ ìgbéyàwó. Kí ọjọ́ ìgbéyàwó tó dé, a ó san owó ori ìyàwó. Èyí yóò mú kí àwọn òbí ìyàwó gbà láti ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀, a ó sì yan ọjọ́ ìgbéyàwó náà. Nígbà tí a bá ti yan ọjọ́ náà nípasẹ̀ ìbánisọ̀rọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn [[Òrìṣà|Orishas]] láti ọ̀dọ̀ [[Babaláwo|babalawo]] (ní ti àwọn ọmọlẹ́yìn [[Esin Yoruba|ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá]] ) tàbí ìpinnu ènìyàn Ọlọ́run (ní ti àwọn [[Mùsùlùmí]] tàbí [[Ẹlẹ́sìn Krístì|Kristẹni]]), a kìlọ̀ fún ìyàwó àti ọkọ ìyàwó láti yẹra fún ìrìn àjò kúrò ní ìlú, títí kan sí oko. Èyí ni láti dènà ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ èyíkéyìí. Ọjọ́ ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ ọjọ́ ayẹyẹ, jíjẹun, mímu àti ijó fún àwọn òbí, àwọn ẹbí, ọkọ àti ìyàwó tuntun àti àwọn ọ̀rẹ́ wọn, àti nígbà míì, àwọn ọ̀tá pàápàá. A kò kà ìgbéyàwó sí ìṣọ̀kan ọkọ àti aya nìkan, a tún kà á sí ìṣọ̀kan ìdílé ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ méjèèjì. Ṣùgbọ́n kí ìyàwó tó lọ sí ilé ọkọ rẹ̀, àwọn ènìyàn ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ ni wọ́n ń tẹ̀lé e lọ sí ẹnu ọ̀nà ilé tuntun rẹ̀ nínú àṣà kan tí a ń pè ní Ekun Iyawo tí ó túmọ̀ sí 'Ẹkún ìyàwó tuntun', èyí ni láti fi hàn pé ó banújẹ́ pé ó fi ilé àwọn òbí rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ àti láti fi hàn pé ó wà nílé tuntun náà. Níbẹ̀ ni wọ́n ti gbàdúrà fún un, wọ́n sì tun fọ ẹsẹ̀ rẹ̀. Wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ó ń fọ gbogbo àléébù tí ó lè mú wá sí ilé ọkọ rẹ̀. Kí wọ́n tó mú un wọ ilé rẹ̀, tí ó bá jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá, wọ́n á fún un ní igba wọ́n á sì ní kó fọ́ ọ. Nígbà tí ó bá fọ́, a gbàgbọ́ pé iye ti igba nan ba fọ́ sí ni iye àwọn ọmọ tí yóò bí. Ní alẹ́ ìgbéyàwó, òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ ni ipàdé àkọ́kọ́ wọn, wọ́n sì máa ń retí pé kí ó rí i pé ó jẹ́ wúńdíá. Tí kò bá ki se wundia, oju a ti òun àti àwọn òbí rẹ̀, wọ́n sì lè lé wọn kúrò ní abúlé tí wọ́n ń gbé.<ref name="p993">{{cite journal | title=Traditional Marriage In Yoruba Culture: An Exploration Of Male Dominance | journal=Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture | publisher=Budapest International Research and Critics Institute | volume=4 | issue=3 | date=2024-02-16 | issn=2774-311X | doi=10.33258/lakhomi.v4i3.1023 | pages=111–120}}</ref> == Owó-Níná == Owo nina jeyo láti ilẹ̀ Yorùbá, awon Yoruba jẹ́ ènìyàn ti o feran afefeyeye gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe rí nínú iṣẹ́ ọnà wọn, èdè wọn, àti ewì wọn. Nina owó jẹ́ abala pàtàkì nínú àṣà Yorùbá ní Gúúsù Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Nàìjíríà. Ó jẹ́ àṣà tí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà fẹ́ràn lónìí, láìka ẹ̀yà tabi idile wọn sí. Fífọ́n owó jẹ́ àmì ayọ̀, oríire, àti ìfihàn ìfẹ́ àlejò fún tọkọtaya náà níbi ayẹyẹ ìgbéyàwó. A mú ìyàwó àti ọkọ wọlé, wọ́n sì jó lẹ́yìn ayẹyẹ ìgbéyàwó náà. Àwọn àlejò máa ń wọlé lọ́tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ tàbí ki won yí tọkọtaya náà ká lórí ilẹ̀ ijó wọ́n sì máa ń wá síwájú, wọ́n á gbé owó náà sí iwájú wọn, wọ́n á sì “rọ̀ le won lori.” Bí wọ́n ṣe ń fọ́n owó náà, àwọn ‘olùgbà’ máa ń gba owó náà láti ilẹ̀ wọ́n á sì fi sínú àpò fún tọkọtaya náà. Ní àárín ọdún 1940, àwọn ẹ̀yà mìíràn tí wọ́n kó lọ sí agbègbè ile Yorùbá ní Nàìjíríà gba àṣà náà. Wọ́n ń fọ́n owó síta ní àwọn ibi ìgbéyàwó, ile sisi, ìdúpẹ́, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ káàkiri ilẹ̀ Yorùbá gẹ́gẹ́ bí àmì rere fún àwọn tí wọ́n wá síbi ayẹyẹ náà. == Ìsìnkú == Nínú ìgbàgbọ́ Yorùbá, ikú kì ṣe òpin ìgbésí ayé; dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, ó jẹ́ ìyípadà láti inú irú ìwàláàyè kan sí òmíràn. Àwọn ogberi (àwọn ènìyàn aláìmọ̀kan) bẹ̀rù ikú nítorí pé ó ń ṣe àmì òpin ìwàláàyè kan tí a mọ̀ àti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ èyí tí a kò mọ̀. Àìkú ni àlá ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí "Eji-ogbe" ṣe sọ ọ́: ''Mo gbogbo orose; Ng ko ku mo; Mo digba oke; Mo duro Gbonin'' . (Mo ti di igi ose ti o dagba; Emi kì yóò kú mọ́; Mo ti di ọgọ́rùn-ún méjì òkè tí a yí padà sí ọ̀kan; Mo jẹ́ aláìṣípò.) Ìtọ́kasí sí àwọn òkè ni a rí nínú òwe náà "Gboningbonin ni t'oke, oke Gboningbonin". Àwọn Yorùbá tún ma ń gbàdúrà fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìbùkún, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ohun mẹ́ta pàtàkì julo ni ọrọ̀, ọmọ àti àìkú: ire owó; ire ọmọ; ire aiku pari iwa. Ìgbàgbọ́ kan wà nínú ìgbésí ayé lẹ́yìn ikú tí ó jẹ́ ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbésí ayé yìí, ní àyíká miran, àti pé ibùgbé àwọn òkú ni a sábà máa ń gbé sí ibi kan ní ayika ile eni ti o ku, a sì máa ń rò pé odò kan yà wọ́n sọ́tọ̀. Kíkópa nínú ìgbésí ayé lẹ́yìn ikú yìí dá lórí ìwà ìgbésí ayé ẹni àti iru ikú ti o pa ẹni. Èyí ni ìtumọ̀ ìgbésí ayé: láti jise Olodumare. Nítorí pé ìfẹ́ Ọlọ́run ni pé kí àwọn ènìyàn gbé ire lárugẹ dé ibi tí ó bá ṣeé ṣe. Nítorí náà, a tẹnumọ́ pé ẹnìkan ní agbára lati wu ìwà rere. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ènìyàn ṣe ń sọ: ''Keni huwa gbegbede; keni lee ku pelepele; K'omo eni lee n'owo gbogbo L'eni sin'' . (Jẹ ki eniyan gbe igbesi aye re ni pẹ̀lẹ́pẹ̀lẹ́; ki eniyan le ku iku rere; ki awọn ọmọ ẹni le na ọwọ wọn lori ara ẹni ni ojo isinku.)<ref name="m990">{{cite web | last=Clue | first=Research | title=THE BELIEF ON BURIAL RITE AMONG THE YORUBA PEOPLE OF NIGERIA | website=FREE RESEARCH PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS IN NIGERIA | url=https://nairaproject.com/projects/4962-the-belief-on-burial-rite-among-the-yoruba-people-of-nigeria.html | access-date=2026-03-20}}</ref> Àṣeyọrí ikú rere jẹ́ àsìkò ayẹyẹ ìgbésí ayé òkú. Èyí pín sí oríṣiríṣi ẹ̀ka. Àkọ́kọ́, àwọn ọmọ àti àwọn ọmọ-ọmọ yóò ṣe ayẹyẹ ìgbésí ayé òbí wọn tí ó kú tí ó sì fi orúkọ rere sílẹ̀ fún wọn. Èkejì, àwọn Yorùbá jẹ́ olóòótọ́ àti onímọ̀ nípa ìwà wọn sí ikú. Wọ́n mọ̀ pé ẹnìkan lè kú ní kékeré. Ohun pàtàkì ni ìgbésí ayé rere àti orúkọ rere. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí òwe náà ti wí: ''Ki a ku l'omode, ki a fi esin se irele eni; o san ju ki a dagba ki a ni adie irana'' . (bí a bá kú ní ọ̀dọ́, tí a sì pa ẹṣin láti ṣe ayẹyẹ ìgbésí ayé ẹni; ó sàn ju kíkú ní ọjọ́ ogbó láìsí pe won pa adìẹ ní ayẹyẹ.)<ref name="p184">{{cite book | last1=Oripeloye | first1=Henri | last2=Omigbule | first2=Morufu Bukola | title=Science Across Cultures: The History of Non-Western Science | chapter=The Yoruba of Nigeria and the Ontology of Death and Burial | publisher=Springer International Publishing | publication-place=Cham | year=2019 | isbn=978-3-030-18825-2 | issn=1568-2145 | doi=10.1007/978-3-030-18826-9_12 | page=193–205}}</ref> Wọ́n tún gbàgbọ́ pé àwọn baba ńlá ní agbára ńlá láti ṣọ́ àwọn ọmọ wọn. Nítorí náà, àwọn ènìyàn máa ń gbìyànjú láti rántí àwọn baba ńlá wọn déédéé. Èyí ni ìbọ̀wọ̀ fún àwọn baba ńlá, èyí tí àwọn kan ti pè ní ìjọsìn àwọn baba ńlá ní ọ̀nà tí kò tọ́. Wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ìfẹ́ tí ó wà láàárín òbí àti ọmọ níbí lórí ilẹ̀ ayé yẹ kí ó máa bá a lọ lẹ́yìn ikú. Àti níwọ̀n ìgbà tí òbí náà ti lo sí ipò ìgbésí ayé mìíràn, ó yẹ kí ó ṣeé ṣe kí ìsopọ̀ náà máa lágbára sí. == Ìbálòpọ̀ àti Ìbálòpọ̀ nínú Àṣà Yorùbá == Ènìyàn lè ní òye nípa èrò àwọn Yorùbá nípa ìbálòpọ̀ àti ìbálòpọ̀ nípa ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò bí àwọn kókó ọ̀rọ̀ wọ̀nyí ṣe hàn nínú ẹ̀sìn àti àṣà wọn. A lè rí òye pàtàkì nípa ojú ìwòye àwọn obìnrin ṣáájú ìgbà ìjọba ológun nípasẹ̀ àtúnyẹ̀wò àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì nínú ìtàn àròsọ Yorùbá. === Ìgbéyàwó ọlọ́pọ̀ obìnrin === Ìyàwó púpọ̀ ní ìtàn àtijọ́ nínú àṣà ìbílẹ̀ Yorùbá. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti rí nínú ìlànà Yorùbá, ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ ìṣọ̀kan láàárín àwọn ìdílé pẹ̀lú èrò lati bímọ dípò àdéhùn ìfẹ́ láàárín ènìyàn méjì. Nítorí náà, ìgbádùn ìbálòpọ̀ àti ìfẹ́ láàárín àwọn mejeeji ki se idi ti a fi se igbeyawo. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti lè sọ, ipò ọba ṣe pàtàkì gidigidi nínú àṣà Yorùbá, ṣùgbọ́n a tún fi pàtàkì fún àwọn alábàáṣiṣẹpọ̀ ọba náà. Nítorí pé ó dára fún ọba láti bí ọmọ púpọ̀, a retí pé kí ó ní ìyàwó púpọ̀ ju ẹnikẹ́ni lo. === Àwọn ìyàwó === Nítorí pé àṣà níní ìyàwó púpọ̀ wọ́pọ̀ ní àkókò ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ àti ìgbà ìjọba amúnisìn, ìyàwó àkọ́kọ́ máa un fun oko ni iwuri lati gbe iyawo tuntun, ó sì tún máa ń ran ọkọ rẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ láti wá ìyàwó tuntun. Èyí jẹ́ àǹfààní owó fún ìyàwó tuntun, ó sì jẹ́ kí àwọn obìnrin tó ju ẹyọ kan lọ pín ẹrù iṣẹ́ wọn láàárín ara wọn. === Ìṣe àti Èdè Kò Fi Ìwà Ìbálòpọ̀ Hàn === Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìyàwó àgbà lè pe ìyàwó tuntun ní ''ìyáwo mi'' tàbí ''aya mi'' èyí tí ó túmọ̀ sí ìyàwó mi, kò sí ẹ̀rí pé èyí ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ìfẹ́kúfẹ̀ẹ́ tàbí ìbálòpọ̀ láàárín wọn. Bákan náà, nínú iṣẹ́ àlùfáà, ìyípadà ìbálòpọ̀ jẹ́ ohun tí ó wọ́pọ̀ ṣùgbọ́n kì ṣe àmì ìbálòpọ̀. Àwọn Elegun Sango tí wọ́n jẹ́ obìnrin ní ìrísí sábà máa ń ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìyàwó àti ọmọ. Àwọn Aboke 'Badan máa ń ṣe irun orí obìnrin nígbà míìrán wọ́n sì máa ń wọ aṣọ gẹ́gẹ́ bí obìnrin fún àwọn àṣà ìbílẹ̀ àti níwájú àwọn àlùfáà tàbí àwọn olórí mìíràn. Kò sí ẹ̀rí tó fi hàn pé àwọn ọkùnrin nínú iṣẹ́ méjèèjì ló ń kópa nínú ìbálòpọ̀. == Ìlera Ìbálòpọ̀ == === Ìdènà Àkóràn Tí A Le Ko Nípa Ìbálòpọ̀ === Láàrín àwọn ará Yorùbá ní Gúúsù Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà, ìlera ìbálòpọ̀ je nkan ti àwọn ọ̀dọ́ un gbájúmọ́, àwọn àgbàlagbà ni won sábà máa ń yo kúrò nínú ìjíròrò náà. A kì fún àwọn àgbàlagbà ní àfiyèsí tó bẹ́ẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ti àwọn ọ̀dọ́. Wọ́n sábà máa ń yọ wọ́n kúrò nínú ìtọ́jú ìbálòpọ̀, won si tun ni ìgbàgbọ́ nínú àwọn ọ̀nà ìdènà àti ìtọ́jú ibile àwọn àkóràn ìbálòpọ̀ ju bí wọ́n ṣe ń lò ó nínú oògùn oyinbo tàbí kọ́ńdómù lọ. Àwọn irinṣẹ́ ìdènà ti ibile ni ''sarun domi'' àti ''aseje'', àwọn méjèèjì ni a ń ṣe àdàpọ̀ láti sọ àrùn di omi fún ara. Àwọn ọ̀nà ìdènà mìíràn ni gbere, ìpara, àti ìbòrí. === Awọn Ojuse Ibalopo ti Iyawo === Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ọkùnrin lè ṣe láti ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìbálòpọ̀ pelu obinrin miran yato si iyawo won, àní nígbà míran ìyàwó wọn ma un fowo si nigba ti agba ba ti de, o je nkan ojuti fun obìnrin tó bá ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀. Àwọn ọmọ àgbàlagbà tí àwọn obìnrin bá bí máa ń ṣe àkíyèsí ìyá wọn nígbà míì láti rí dájú pé kò ṣe ìṣekúṣe. Ogun tí a mọ̀ sí ''magun'' jẹ́ ègún tí a fi lé obìnrin láti fìyà jẹ alábàáṣepọ̀ rẹ̀, èyí tó lè yọrí sí ikú. A ka sí ìyà fún ìwà àìtọ́. Ìbálòpọ̀ àwọn ọkùnrin pelu awon obinrin ti ki se iyawo won mú kí ewu wọn láti ní àrùn ìbálòpọ̀ pọ̀ sí ju ewu fún àwọn obìnrin lọ. ==== Ìbálòpọ̀ àti Ìdádúró Omo Bibi ==== Ara odomode obinrin yato si ara okunrin nipa omo bibi ati ife si ibalopo. Ni ara awon agba obinrin ti ko ni ife pupo si ibalopo mon, iye won ma un wa lati ara omo won ati ajulo. Niwon igba to je wipe ojuse obinrin ni ki o ni ibalopo pelu oko re ni igba ti o ba fe, didagba ma un je ominiria fun awon obinrin ti o ri ibalopo gege bi oun irora. ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== {{reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àṣà Yorùbá]] [[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]] fxzczv68l19oscghptfwu2uo8laczz7 624864 624862 2026-07-01T23:42:23Z Aduagba3687 32198 Àtúnṣe ranpẹ kékeré 624864 wikitext text/x-wiki &nbsp; Àwọn àṣà [[Àṣà|ìbílẹ̀]] tó yàtọ̀ wọ́pọ̀ ní [[ilẹ̀ Yorùbá]] àti láàrín àwọn [[Ìran Yorùbá|ará Yorùbá]] . [[File:WLA brooklynmuseum Yoruba Beaded Crown.jpg|thumb|450px|right|Adé ìṣẹ̀mbáyé Yorùbá]] == Ẹ̀sìn Yoruba == Wọ́n sọ pé àwọn [[Ìran Yorùbá|Yorùbá]] jẹ́ ẹlẹ́sìn, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún jẹ́ ẹni tí ó ń ṣe àgbéyẹ̀wò àti ẹni tí ó ní sùúrù nípa ìyàtọ̀ ẹ̀sìn wọn. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn ló ń sọ pé àwọn [[Esin Yoruba|Yorùbá jẹ́ ẹlẹ́sìn]] ; ọ̀pọ̀ mìíràn tún ń sọ pé àwọn un se ẹ̀sìn mìíràn bi [[Ẹ̀sìn Krístì|Kristẹni]] (Ẹ̀sìn Ìgbàgbọ́), [[ẹ̀sìn Islam]] (Ẹ̀sìn Ìmàle) àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ. [[Ifá]] jẹ́ esin kan tí ó jeyo lati odo àwọn ará Yorùbá ní orile-ede Nàìjíríà àti Benin. Won ni igbàgbọ́ wipé ó jẹ́ ètò ìṣẹ́ wíwò tí a fi àwọn ẹsẹ mímọ́ àti ìtàn ńlá tí a ń pè ní [[Odù Ifá|Odus]] ṣe. Àwọn àlùfáà tí a mọ̀ sí [[Babaláwo|babalawo]] máa ń túmọ̀ àwọn ìránṣẹ́ náà nípa lílo ètò ìṣẹ́ wíwò mímọ́ tí ó ń ṣẹ̀dá àpẹẹrẹ pàtó kan nígbà tí a bá jù.<ref name="s725">{{cite web | title=The Complete Guide To Yoruba Spirituality: A Beginner's Journey | website=Ileifa - Yoruba Religion | date=2025-05-17 | url=https://ileifa.org/yoruba-spirituality-a-beginners-journey/ | access-date=2026-03-20}}</ref> == Òfin Ile Yoruba == Òfin Yorùbá ni ètò òfin [[ilẹ̀ Yorùbá]] . Ó díjú gan-an, ẹgbẹ́ kọ̀ọ̀kan àti ẹgbẹ́ kékeré ní ètò kan tí ó yàtọ̀ sí ara won, ṣùgbọ́n ní gbogbogbòò, ìjọba bẹ̀rẹ̀ láàárín ìdílé. Ìpele tí ó tẹ̀lé ni ìdílé, tàbí ìdílé tí ó gbòòrò, tí a mọ̀ olori won sí Baálé. Olórí yìí yóò wà lábẹ́ àwọn olórí ìlú, àwọn olórí wọ̀nyí sì sábà máa ń wà lábẹ́ àwọn Oba wọn, tí wọ́n lè wà lábẹ́ àwọn Oba mìíràn fúnra wọn tàbí kí wọ́n má wà lábẹ́ wọn. == Èdè == [[Ìran Yorùbá|Àwọn Yorùbá]] máa ń sọ [[èdè Yorùbá]], wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ [[Language family|ẹgbẹ́ èdè]] [[Àwọn èdè Niger-Kóngò|Niger-Congo]]. Yàtọ̀ sí pé wọ́n ń tọ́ka sí àpapọ̀ àwọn èdè àdúgbò àti àwọn tó ń sọ wọ́n, wọ́n tún ń lo ọ̀rọ̀ náà Yorùbá fún èdè tí a kọ sílẹ̀. == Ẹ̀kọ́ èdè == Ìwé kíkọ Yorùbá bẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìṣẹ̀dá gírámà rẹ̀ tí a tẹ̀ jáde ní ọdún 1843. == Ìmọ̀ ọgbọ́n orí == Àṣà Yorùbá ní ìmọ̀ ọgbọ́n orí àti àṣà ìbílẹ̀, ẹ̀sìn àti ìtàn àròsọ. Wọ́n wà nínú ìwé ńlá kan tí a mọ̀ sí [[Odù Ifá|Odu Ifá]] ní [[ilẹ̀ Yorùbá]] àti ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn. Àwọn apá mìíràn nínú Odu Ifá ni ìmọ̀ nípa ọpọlọ, ìmọ̀ nípa àwùjọ, ìmọ̀ ìṣirò, ìmọ̀ nípa ẹ̀dá ati awon imo miiran ti o sopa mon awon eniyan. A gbàgbọ́ pé èrò àṣà Yorùbá jẹ́ ẹlẹ́rìí àwọn àkókò méjì. Àkókò àkọ́kọ́ jẹ́ àkókò kan gẹ́gẹ́ bi igba tí ọlọ́gbọ́n ìmọ̀-ọ̀ràn àtọ̀runwá, [[Ọ̀rúnmìlà|Ọ̀runmila,]] jẹ́ olórí àti awòràwọ̀ tó gbajúmọ̀. Onímọ̀-ọ̀ràn yìí, Ọ̀runmila, ṣàpẹẹrẹ ọgbọ́n àti èrò tó dára. Wọ́n ti sọ pé ó jẹ́ onímọ̀-ọkàn ju onímọ̀-ọ̀ràn lọ. Òun ni olùtọ́jú àwọn ìfẹ́ ọkàn, àti olùtumọ̀ orí àti àyànmọ́ rẹ̀. Ayé tí kò mọ̀wé, ti won un tiraka lati ye, tí àìní láti tú àwọn ohun ìjìnlẹ̀ ọ̀sán àti òru, ni wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ó ti mú kí Ọ̀runmila gbero iṣẹ́ wíwò. Ìgbà kejì ni àkókò ìjíròrò nípa àròjinlẹ̀. Èyí bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún nígbà tí ilẹ̀ Yoruba náà di ilẹ̀ tí ó mọ̀wé nípa ìtara àti ìṣe àgbékalẹ̀ Dókítà [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther|Ajayi Crowther]], Bíṣọ́ọ̀bù Áńgílíkà àkọ́kọ́ ní Áfíríkà. Wọ́n kà sí ẹni tí ó bere èrò Yorùbá òde òní. Àrà ọ̀tọ̀ èrò Yorùbá ni pé ó jẹ́ ìtàn ti o ni alaye ninu, ó ń ṣàlàyé àti tọ́ka sí ìmọ̀ nípa àwọn okùnfà àti ìṣẹ̀dá àwọn nǹkan tó nípa lórí ara àti awon ohun emi ni agbaye àti àlàáfíà rẹ̀. Àwọn ará Yorùbá ní ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún àpèjúwe, ìtàn àròsọ, àti orin, wọ́n sì gbàgbọ́ pé gbogbo ìtàn tó bá ń mú kí òye àwọn ènìyàn gbòòrò sí, tó sì ń se agbekale fun ìrònú kalẹ̀ ni ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìmọ̀ ọgbọ́n orí. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ó ti rí ní ìgbà àtijọ́, àwọn ọmọ Yorùbá máa ń so ìtumọ̀ ìmọ̀ ọgbọ́n orí àti ẹ̀sìn mọ́ ohunkóhun tí wọ́n bá ṣe tàbí tí wọ́n dá. Nítorí náà, a máa ń pe àwọn kan lára wọn ní onímọ̀ ọgbọ́n orí. Èyí jẹ́ àfikún sí òtítọ́ pé a lè rí oníṣẹ́ ọnà, aṣọ̀wọ́, agbẹ́gilére tàbí amọ̀kòkò ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ilé ní ilẹ̀ Yorùbá. Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ẹ̀sìn ni ó sábà máa ń jẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ nínú àṣà Yorùbá, síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, èrò ènìyàn ló máa ń darí ìrònú ẹ̀mí (ori) sí ìṣẹ̀dá àti ṣíṣe ìsìn. Nítorí náà, ìrònú/ìmọ̀ ọgbọ́n orí jẹ́ ohun tó ti wà ṣáájú ìsìn. Lónìí, àwọn àwùjọ ọ̀mọ̀wé àti àwọn tí kò ní imo ẹ̀kọ́ ti uń ní ìfẹ́ sí àṣà Yorùbá, àti nínú ìwé kíkà rẹ̀. Nítorí náà, ìwádìí púpọ̀ sí ni a ń ṣe lórí àṣà Yorùbá, bí a ṣe ń kọ ìwé púpọ̀ sí lórí rẹ̀ — tí ó ń fi àmì rẹ̀ hàn àti títẹ̀síwájú ìwádìí rẹ̀ láàrín àwọn onímọ̀ nípa àṣà ìbílẹ̀ Áfíríkà bí àwọn onímọ̀ ọgbọ́n ìṣèlú àti àwọn onímọ̀ ìṣèlú tí wọ́n ń bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ṣí ìlẹ̀kùn wọn sí àwọn àṣà ìbílẹ̀ mìíràn, tí wọ́n sì ń mú kí èrò wọn gbòòrò sí. == Àwọn èrò Yorùbá == Ero ní ilẹ̀ Yorùbá àti fún àwọn ará Yorùbá jẹ́ ohun tí a lè fi wé idi ti a fi un gbe aye, wíwá ìtumọ̀ ìgbésí ayé àti fífẹ́ ohun tí ó dára jùlọ ní ìgbésí ayé. Orunmila, olùtọ́jú iṣẹ́ àfọ̀ṣẹ Ifa-Ife, ni baba èrò inú Yorùbá ìgbàanì. Ìfẹ́ ọkàn rẹ̀ (àtọ̀runwá) ti fún gbogbo àwọn ará Yorùbá ní Áfíríkà àti ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè mìíràn ní ìṣírí, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn tí a jí gbé (sí Amẹ́ríkà àti West Indies) nígbà tí wọ́n ń ta ẹrú. Láti inú ìtumọ̀ èrò inú Yorùbá, èyí tí ṣe wíwá ìtumọ̀ ìgbésí ayé àti ìfẹ́ ọkàn fún ohun tó dára jùlọ ní ìgbésí ayé, èrò inú Yorùbá jẹ́ irú Ìgbìmọ̀ Ìmọ́lẹ̀ ní onan tireẹ, bí gbogbo ọmọ ilẹ̀ ṣe ń gbìyànjú láti dé ibi gíga lori ero ti o nife si. Ìrònú Orunmila mú èrò tuntun wá tí ó fún Dókítà Ajayi Crowther ní iwuri ní ọ̀rúndún kọkàndínlógún, àti Oloye Obafemi Awolowo ní ọ̀rúndún ogún, ẹni tí ó ṣe àṣeyọrí nínú ṣíṣẹ̀dá àyíká ìwà rere fún ilẹ̀ Yorùbá láti gbèrú, tí ó ní ipa lórí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìwà rere tí èrò inú jẹ́ ti àti èyí tí òtítọ́ inú ti jáde wá. Imoye nipa didari ràn lọ́wọ́ pẹ̀lú àwọn èrò ńláńlá. Ó kọ́ àwọn ilé rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n àkọ́kọ́ ní Áfíríkà. Ó gbin àwọn èrò ńláńlá tí ó yọrí sí kíkọ́ pápá ìṣeré òde òní àkọ́kọ́ ní Áfíríkà àti Ilé Kókóo àkọ́kọ́ ní àgbáyé. Ní gbogbogbòò, àwọn ará Yorùbá jẹ́ àwọn olùfẹ́ èrò inú nípa ìṣẹ̀dá. == Iṣẹ́ ọnà == === ère === [[Fáìlì:Yoruba-bronze-head.jpg|thumb|Iboju ti a fi copper se fun Oba Obalufon, [[Ilé-Ifẹ̀|Ife]], Nigeria c. Ọdun 1300 CE]] Àwọn ará Yorùbá ni wọ́n jẹ́ oníṣẹ́ ọnà tó gbajúmọ̀, lókìkí fún iṣẹ́ ọnà ti a mon si terracotta ti won se ni ọ̀rúndún kejìlá, ìkẹtàlá àti ìkẹrìnlá; àwọn onise ona miiran náà ti fi idẹ ṣe iṣẹ́ ọnà. '''Ilé ìkóhun-ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé Esiẹ''' jẹ́ ilé ìkóhun-ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé kan ní Esiẹ; ìlú kan tí ó wà nítòsí Oro ní Irepodun, [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara]] . Ilé ìkóhun-ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé náà ni a kọ́kọ́ dá sílẹ̀ ní [[Nàìjíríà]] nígbà tí wọ́n ṣí ní ọdún 1945. Ó ní àwọn àwòrán tó ju ẹgbẹ̀rún kan lọ tí wọ́n fi òkúta ṣe àfihàn ènìyàn. Wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ó ní àkójọpọ̀ àwọn àwòrán òkúta oníṣẹ́ ọwọ́ tó tóbi jùlọ ní àgbáyé. Ní òde òní, ilé ìkóhun-ìṣẹ̀ǹbáyé Esie ti jẹ́ ibi tí àwọn ìgbòkègbodò ìsìn ti ń wáyé, ó sì ń ṣe ayẹyẹ ní oṣù April ní ọdọọdún. === Aṣọ === A máa ń hun aṣọ lórí onírúurú ona lati je ki o mun orisirisi ara. Adire àti Aso Oke jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn aṣọ tó gbajúmọ̀ ní ilẹ̀ Yorùbá. Adire (tai àti àwọ̀) ni orúkọ tí wọ́n ń pe aṣọ aláwọ̀ indigo tí àwọn obìnrin Yorùbá ní gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn Nàìjíríà ń ṣe nípa lílo onírúurú ọ̀nà àwọ̀ tó lè ta. Adire túmọ̀ sí tai àti àwọ̀, àwọn aṣọ tó kọ́kọ́ jẹ́ aṣọ náà sì ṣeé ṣe kí wọ́n jẹ́ àwọn aṣọ tí wọ́n so mọ́ aṣọ owú tí wọ́n fi ọwọ́ hun ní orílẹ̀-èdè wọn bíi ti Mali. === Oúnjẹ === [[Fáìlì:A_Plate_of_Pounded_Yam_(Iyan)_served_in_Birmingham_UK.JPG|thumb|Àwo Iyan]] [[Fáìlì:Moin_Moin.jpg|left|thumb|Àwọn ewé [[Moi-Moi|Moin Moin]] tí a gé; ewé "Ewe eran" (Thaumatococcus daniellii) ni a sábà máa ń lò láti mú kí adùn wọn sunwọ̀n sí.]] Àwọn oúnjẹ tí àwọn Yorùbá ń jẹ ni [[Moi-Moi|moin-moin]] àti [[Àkàrà|akara]]. Àwọn ọbẹ̀ Yorùbá ìbílẹ̀ ní ewedu, [https://www.myactivekitchen.com/gbegiri-abula/ gbegiri] (tí a fi ewa ṣe), àti [[Ẹ̀fọ́|efo riro]] (irú ọbẹ̀ ẹfọ́). Àwọn ọbẹ̀ bí [[Ọbẹ̀ Ilá|obe ila]] (tí a mọ̀ sí ''obé ila'' ní àdúgbò) àti egusi ti di ohun tí ó gbajúmọ̀ ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn Nàìjíríà, àti, ní àfikún sí Amala, oúnjẹ Yorùbá ìbílẹ̀ tí a fi ìyẹ̀fun isu ṣe, a lè jẹ wọ́n pẹ̀lú ewedu àti gbegiri. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ oúnjẹ Nàìjíríà, títí kan isu tí a ti lù (tí a ń pè ní ''iyan'' ní àdúgbò); lafun, fufu Nàìjíríà tí a fi [[Ẹ̀gẹ́|ege]] ṣe; semolina; àti garri ( ''eba'' ). Àwọn oúnjẹ kan ni a ń sè ní pàtàkì fún àwọn ayẹyẹ àti ajodun. [[Ìrẹsì Jọ̀lọ́ọ̀fù|Irẹsi Jollof]], irẹsi dídín àti Ofada wọ́pọ̀ gan-an ní Nàìjíríà (pàápàá jùlọ ní agbègbè gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn). Àwọn oúnjẹ mìíràn tí ó gbajúmọ̀ ni Asaro, Ikokore, Ekuru àti Aro, Obe, Okà, Ege, àti Elubo (bíi àgbàdo, isu àti elubo ogede), ẹyin, adìẹ, àti onírúurú ẹran àti ẹja). Oúnjẹ Yorùbá pọ̀ gan-an, ni afikun ogede tí a lè sè, dín tabi sun. === Orin === [[Fáìlì:Yoruba_cultural_dancer1.jpg|thumb|Àwọn oníjó àṣà ìbílẹ̀ Yorùbá]] Orin àti ijó ti jẹ́ apá pàtàkì nínú àṣà Yorùbá nígbà gbogbo; wọ́n ń lò wọ́n nínú onírúurú eré ìnàjú. Àwọn ohun èlò orin ni bata, saworo, sekere, gangan àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ. Àwọn oríṣiríṣi orin ni Juju, Fuji àti Afrobeat, pẹ̀lú àwọn olórin bíi King Sunny Ade, [[Ebenezer Obey]], àti KWAM 1. == Asa Sísọ Lorúkọ == Àwọn Yorùbá gbàgbọ́ pé àwọn ènìyàn ń gbé ìtumọ̀ orúkọ wọn. Nítorí náà, [[Ìran Yorùbá|àwọn Yorùbá]] sapá gidigidi láti sọmo lorúkọ. Ìmọ̀ ọgbọ́n orí wọn nípa sísọ orúkọ fún ọmọ ni a gbé kalẹ̀ nínú òwe kan tí ó wọ́pọ̀, ''ilé ni an wo, ki a to so omo l'oruko'' ("a ni lati kíyèsí ìdílé kí a tó sọ orúkọ fún ọmọ"): ènìyàn gbọ́dọ̀ gbé àṣà àti ìtàn àwọn ẹbí ọmọ yẹ̀ wò nígbà tí ó bá ń yan orúkọ. Àwọn ìdílé kan ní àṣà àtijọ́ fún sísọ orúkọ fún àwọn ọmọ wọn. Irú àṣà bẹ́ẹ̀ sábà máa ń wá láti inú iṣẹ́ tàbí ẹ̀sìn wọn. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, ìdílé àwọn ọdẹ lè sọ ọmọ wọn ní orúkọ ''Ogunbunmi'' ( [[Ògún Lákáayé|Ogun]] fẹ́ràn mi pẹ̀lú èyí) láti bu ọ̀wọ̀ fun ọlọ́run tí ó fún wọn ní irinse ọdẹ. Ní àkókò kan náà, ìdílé tí ó ń bọ̀wọ̀ fún [[Ifá]] lè sọ ọmọ wọn ní ''Falola'' (Ifa ní ọlá). === Sísọ Lorúkọ === Nítorí pé gbogbo ènìyàn gbàgbọ́ pé orúkọ dàbí ẹ̀mí, àwọn òbí máa ń ṣe ìwádìí kí wọ́n tó fún àwọn ọmọ wọn ní orúkọ. Wọ́n máa ń ṣe ayẹyẹ orúkọ pẹ̀lú ìtọ́jú kan náà, èyí tí ó sábà máa ń jẹ́ omo idílé tó dàgbà jùlọ. Àmì fún ìrètí, ìfojúsùn àti àdúrà àwọn òbí fún ọmọ tuntun náà, oyin, kola, orogbo, atare, omi, epo pupa, suga, [[Ìrèké|ìreke]], iyọ̀, àti ọtí ní ipò àti ìtumọ̀ pàtàkì nínú ojú ìwòye àwọn ará Yorùbá. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, oyin dúró fún adùn, àdúrà àwọn òbí sì ni pé kí ìgbésí ayé ọmọ wọn dùn bí oyin. Lẹ́yìn ìsìn náà, a máa sọ ọmọ náà lórúkọ, àwọn ara ìdílé naa le fún ọmọ náà ní orúkọ. Ẹ̀bùn orúkọ kan máa ń wá pẹ̀lú ẹ̀bùn owó àti aṣọ. Ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìgbà, ìbátan náà yóò pe ọmọ náà ní orúkọ tí wọ́n fún un, nítorí náà ọmọ tuntun lè ní orúkọ tó ju méjìlá lọ. === Orúkọ tí a ti yàn tẹ́lẹ̀ === * Amutorunwa (tí a mú láti ọ̀run wá) * [[Orúkọ Yorùbá|Oruko]] Àwọn Yorùbá kan gbàgbọ́ pé ọmọ lè ní orúkọ tí a ti yàn tẹ́lẹ̀. Fún àpẹẹrẹ, a gbàgbọ́ pé ìbejì ní orúkọ ìbí àdánidá. Nítorí náà, a máa ń pe ẹni àkọ́kọ́ tí a bí nínú méjèèjì ní ''Taiwo'' tàbí ''Taiye'', oruko kekere fun Taiyewo, tí ó túmọ̀ sí ẹni tí ó ń tọ́ ayé wò. Èyí ni láti dá ìbejì àkọ́kọ́ mọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí èyí tí èkejì rán láti kọ́kọ́ lọ láti tọ́ ayé wò. Tí ó bá dúró níbẹ̀, ó tunmo si wipé ile aye dun, èyí yóò sì fi àmì ránṣẹ́ sí èkejì láti bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí bo. Nítorí náà, èkejì tí ó dé ni a ń pè ní ''Kehinde''; ó wọ́pọ̀ báyìí fún ọ̀pọ̀ awon ti oun je Kehinde láti máa pe wọn ni "Kenny". Omo ti a ba bi leyin awon ibeji ni a un pe ni Idowu, leyin Idowu ni Alaba, leyin Alaba ni Idogbe. ''Ige'' jẹ́ ọmọ tí o jade pelu ẹsẹ̀ dipo orí; àti ''Ojo'' (ọkùnrin) tàbí ''Aina'' (obìnrin) ni a bí pẹ̀lú okùn ìgbẹ́ ní ọrùn rẹ̀. ''Dada'' ni ọmọ tí a bí pẹ̀lú irun dídì; àti ''Ajayi'' (tí a ń pè ní ''Ogidi Olu'' ) ni ẹni tí a bí ti o koju si isale, Àwọn orúkọ àbinibi mìíràn ni ''Abiodun'' (ẹni tí a bí ní ọjọ́ àjọyọ̀ tàbí àkókò), ''Abiona'' (ẹni tí a bí ní ìrìn àjò) ''Abidemi'' tàbí ''Bidemi'' (ẹni tí a bí láìsí baba rẹ̀) fun apeere: baba ọmọ náà kò rí ayẹyẹ orúkọ ọmọ rẹ̀ ṣùgbọ́n kò kú, bóyá ó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rìnrìn àjò, ''Enitan'' (ọ̀kan lára ìtàn) ọ̀kan lára àwọn òbí le ti ku kí won tó bí, ''Bosede'' (ẹni tí a bí ní ọjọ́ mímọ́); ''Babatunde''/''Babatunji'' (tí ó túmọ̀ sí baba ti padà wá) ni ọmọ tí a bí sí ìdílé kan níbi tí baba kan ti kú láìpẹ́. Èyí jẹ́rìí sí ìgbàgbọ́ nínú àtúnwáyé. ''Iyabode'', ''Yeside'', ''Yewande'', àti ''Yetunde'', ("ìyá ti padà wá") jẹ́ oruko abinibi àwọn obìnrin, àwọn orúkọ pẹ̀lú ìtumọ̀ kan náà. === Orúkọ tí a fún ní ìgbà ìbí === * Oruko - orúkọ * Abi - ibimọ * So - Ti a so Àwọn orúkọ wọ̀nyí kì ṣe oruko abinibi, sugbon won je oruko ti a fún ọmọ nígbà ìbí ní ọjọ́ keje (fún àwọn obìnrin) àti ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án (fún àwọn ọkùnrin). Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ Yorùbá kan máa ń ṣe ìfọalómọ́ (ẹkẹfà) tí wọ́n máa ń ṣe ìsomoloruko ní ọjọ́ kẹfà. Ipa ìsìn Kristẹni àti ẹ̀sìn Islam nínú àṣà Yorùbá ló fa ayẹyẹ ìsomoloruko ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ. Ìsoloruko awon ibeji nígbà tí wọ́n bá jẹ́ ọkùnrin àti obìnrin ni wọ́n sábà máa ń se ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ ṣùgbọ́n ní ọjọ́ keje tàbí kẹsàn tí wọ́n bá jẹ́ ìbèjì ọkùnrin kan náà tabi obinrin. Wọ́n máa ń fún wọn ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ pàtàkì ní awon akoko isele kan tani omiran pẹ̀lú ìtọ́ka sí àṣà ìdílé gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti sọ lókè. Àpẹẹrẹ àwọn orúkọ tí a fúnni ní ìtọ́kasí sí àṣà ìdílé ni ''Ogundiran'' (Ogun ti di àṣà àgbáyé nínú ìdílé); ''Ayanlowo'' (Àṣà ìlù Ayan jẹ́ ọlá); ''Oyetoso'' (Oye jije je ohun ọ̀ṣọ́); ''Olanrewaju'' (Ọlá ń tẹ̀síwájú); ''Olusegun'' (Ọlọ́run ti ṣẹ́gun ọ̀tá). === Àwọn orúkọ Abiku === * Abi - ibimọ, tabi Bi - bibi * Iku, tabi Ku - kú / oku Àwọn Yorùbá gbàgbọ́ pé àwọn ọmọ kan ni a bí láti kú. Èyí wá láti inú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìbànújẹ́ ti ikú ọmọ wopo ni ìdílé kan náà fún ìgbà pípẹ́. Nígbà tí èyí bá ṣẹlẹ̀, ìdílé náà máa ń gbèrò onírúurú ọ̀nà láti dènà ìtúnpadà, títí kan fífúnni ní orúkọ pàtàkì nígbà ìbí tuntun. Irú àwọn orúkọ bẹ́ẹ̀ ń fi ìjákulẹ̀ àwọn òbí hàn:<ref name="b620">{{cite web | title=Learn about Abiku Children, Names and Rituals | website=Homepage | date=2026-03-20 | url=https://www.yorubalibrary.com/forum/articles/2025/01/abiku_children_and_prevention.html | access-date=2026-03-20}}</ref> * Málomọ (má ṣe tún lọ mọ́) * Kosoko (kò sí oko mọ́). Èyí tọ́ka sí oko tí a fi ń gbẹ́ ibojì. * Kashimawo (ẹ jẹ́ kí a dúró kí a sì rí). Èyí fi hàn pé àwọn òbí náà ní ìwà àìṣòótọ́. * Banjoko (jókòó pẹ̀lú mi) * Orukotan (gbogbo orúkọ ti tan) * Yemiitan (ẹ má ṣe tàn mí jẹ) * Kòkúmọ (èyí kò ní kú) * Dúrójaiyé (dúró kí o sì gbádùn ayé) * Dúrótìmí tàbí Rótìmí (dúró pẹ̀lú mi) * Dúrósọlá (dúró kí o sì gbádùn ọrọ̀) Àwọn Yorùbá tún ní orúkọ ti a mon si ''[[oriki]]''. Àwọn wọ̀nyí ni orúkọ ìyìn, wọ́n sì ń lò ó láti fi hàn ìdílé ti ọmọ náà jẹ́ tàbí láti fi ìrètí hàn fún ọmọ náà: ''Akanbi'' - (ẹni tí a moomo bí); ''Ayinde'' (ẹni tí a yìn nígbà tí ó bá dé); ''Akande'' (ẹni tí ó wá tàbí tí ó dé pẹ̀lú ìpinnu pípé); ''Atanda'' (ẹni tí a ṣẹ̀dá ní àmọ̀ọ́mọ̀ lẹ́yìn ìwádi kíkún). Fún àwọn obìnrin, ''Aduke'' (ẹni tí gbogbo ènìyàn fẹ́ràn láti tọ́jú), Ayoke (ẹni tí àwọn ènìyàn fẹ́ tọ́jú), ''Arike'' (ẹni tí a tọ́jú nígbà tí a bá rí), ''Atinuke'' tàbí ''Abike'' (ẹni tí a bí láti tọ́jú). == Igbeyawo == [[File:La portée.jpg|thumb|Ayẹyẹ ìgbéyàwó|250px|right]] Àṣà Yorùbá ma uń pèsè ìtọ́sọ́nà ọmọ láti ọ̀dọ̀ ìdílé. Nínú àwùjọ àṣà, a fi ọmọ náà lé ọ̀gá iṣẹ́ lọwọ́ fun èyíkéyìí òwò tí àwọn òrìṣà bá sọ lórí ọmọ náà (bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé èyí kì sábà ṣẹlẹ̀ mọ́ lónìí). Àmọ́, Ọkùnrin le ṣiṣẹ́ bàbá, kí ọmọbìnrin ṣiṣẹ́ iya . Àwọn òbí ló ni ojúṣe àwọn ọmọ fún ìbáṣepọ̀ wọn sínú àṣà àwùjọ, ní àfikún síi ni fífún ní ọ̀nà láti fi gbọ́ bùkátà, bákannáà Ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ tún jẹ́ ojúṣe àwọn òbí rẹ̀.<ref name="p184">{{cite book | last1=Oripeloye | first1=Henri | last2=Omigbule | first2=Morufu Bukola | title=Science Across Cultures: The History of Non-Western Science | chapter=The Yoruba of Nigeria and the Ontology of Death and Burial | publisher=Springer International Publishing | publication-place=Cham | year=2019 | isbn=978-3-030-18825-2 | issn=1568-2145 | doi=10.1007/978-3-030-18826-9_12 | page=193–205}}</ref> [[Fáìlì:A_Yoruba_bride_and_mother.JPG|thumb|Ìyàwó Yorùbá dimo ìyá rẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀. Èyí jẹ́ ìgbádùn ìdágbére láti ọ̀dọ̀ ìyá sí ọmọbìnrin.]] Ayẹyẹ ìgbéyàwó ni opin ìfẹ́sọ́nà. Ọ̀dọ́mọkùnrin náà dá ọmọbìnrin kan tí ó fẹ́ràn mọ̀. Òun àti àwọn ọ̀rẹ́ rẹ̀ ń wá kiri ní onírúurú ọ̀nà. Ọ̀dọ́mọkùnrin náà nawo ife sí ọmọbìnrin nan títí di àkókò tí wọ́n fi sún mọ́ ara wọn tó láti yẹra fún eni tí a mọ̀ sí ''alarina''. Lẹ́yìn náà, nígbà tí àwọn méjèèjì bá fi ìfẹ́ hàn, wọ́n jẹ́ kí àwọn òbí wọn mọ̀ pe awon ti ni ife ara wọn. Àwọn òbí ọkùnrin náà ṣètò láti lọ sí ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí ìyàwó tí ó fẹ́ẹ́ fẹ́. Nígbà tí wọ́n bá ti gbà láti ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀, a lè yan ọjọ́ ìgbéyàwó. Kí ọjọ́ ìgbéyàwó tó dé, a ó san owó ori ìyàwó. Èyí yóò mú kí àwọn òbí ìyàwó gbà láti ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀, a ó sì yan ọjọ́ ìgbéyàwó náà. Nígbà tí a bá ti yan ọjọ́ náà nípasẹ̀ ìbánisọ̀rọ̀ pẹ̀lú àwọn [[Òrìṣà|Orishas]] láti ọ̀dọ̀ [[Babaláwo|babalawo]] (ní ti àwọn ọmọlẹ́yìn [[Esin Yoruba|ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá]] ) tàbí ìpinnu ènìyàn Ọlọ́run (ní ti àwọn [[Mùsùlùmí]] tàbí [[Ẹlẹ́sìn Krístì|Kristẹni]]), a kìlọ̀ fún ìyàwó àti ọkọ ìyàwó láti yẹra fún ìrìn àjò kúrò ní ìlú, títí kan sí oko. Èyí ni láti dènà ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ èyíkéyìí. Ọjọ́ ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ ọjọ́ ayẹyẹ, jíjẹun, mímu àti ijó fún àwọn òbí, àwọn ẹbí, ọkọ àti ìyàwó tuntun àti àwọn ọ̀rẹ́ wọn, àti nígbà míì, àwọn ọ̀tá pàápàá. A kò kà ìgbéyàwó sí ìṣọ̀kan ọkọ àti aya nìkan, a tún kà á sí ìṣọ̀kan ìdílé ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ méjèèjì. Ṣùgbọ́n kí ìyàwó tó lọ sí ilé ọkọ rẹ̀, àwọn ènìyàn ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ ni wọ́n ń tẹ̀lé e lọ sí ẹnu ọ̀nà ilé tuntun rẹ̀ nínú àṣà kan tí a ń pè ní Ekun Iyawo tí ó túmọ̀ sí 'Ẹkún ìyàwó tuntun', èyí ni láti fi hàn pé ó banújẹ́ pé ó fi ilé àwọn òbí rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ àti láti fi hàn pé ó wà nílé tuntun náà. Níbẹ̀ ni wọ́n ti gbàdúrà fún un, wọ́n sì tun fọ ẹsẹ̀ rẹ̀. Wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ó ń fọ gbogbo àléébù tí ó lè mú wá sí ilé ọkọ rẹ̀. Kí wọ́n tó mú un wọ ilé rẹ̀, tí ó bá jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá, wọ́n á fún un ní igba wọ́n á sì ní kó fọ́ ọ. Nígbà tí ó bá fọ́, a gbàgbọ́ pé iye ti igba nan ba fọ́ sí ni iye àwọn ọmọ tí yóò bí. Ní alẹ́ ìgbéyàwó, òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ ni ipàdé àkọ́kọ́ wọn, wọ́n sì máa ń retí pé kí ó rí i pé ó jẹ́ wúńdíá. Tí kò bá ki se wundia, oju a ti òun àti àwọn òbí rẹ̀, wọ́n sì lè lé wọn kúrò ní abúlé tí wọ́n ń gbé.<ref name="p993">{{cite journal | title=Traditional Marriage In Yoruba Culture: An Exploration Of Male Dominance | journal=Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture | publisher=Budapest International Research and Critics Institute | volume=4 | issue=3 | date=2024-02-16 | issn=2774-311X | doi=10.33258/lakhomi.v4i3.1023 | pages=111–120}}</ref> == Owó-Níná == Owo nina jeyo láti ilẹ̀ Yorùbá, awon Yoruba jẹ́ ènìyàn ti o feran afefeyeye gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ṣe rí nínú iṣẹ́ ọnà wọn, èdè wọn, àti ewì wọn. Nina owó jẹ́ abala pàtàkì nínú àṣà Yorùbá ní Gúúsù Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Nàìjíríà. Ó jẹ́ àṣà tí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà fẹ́ràn lónìí, láìka ẹ̀yà tabi idile wọn sí. Fífọ́n owó jẹ́ àmì ayọ̀, oríire, àti ìfihàn ìfẹ́ àlejò fún tọkọtaya náà níbi ayẹyẹ ìgbéyàwó. A mú ìyàwó àti ọkọ wọlé, wọ́n sì jó lẹ́yìn ayẹyẹ ìgbéyàwó náà. Àwọn àlejò máa ń wọlé lọ́tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ tàbí ki won yí tọkọtaya náà ká lórí ilẹ̀ ijó wọ́n sì máa ń wá síwájú, wọ́n á gbé owó náà sí iwájú wọn, wọ́n á sì “rọ̀ le won lori.” Bí wọ́n ṣe ń fọ́n owó náà, àwọn ‘olùgbà’ máa ń gba owó náà láti ilẹ̀ wọ́n á sì fi sínú àpò fún tọkọtaya náà. Ní àárín ọdún 1940, àwọn ẹ̀yà mìíràn tí wọ́n kó lọ sí agbègbè ile Yorùbá ní Nàìjíríà gba àṣà náà. Wọ́n ń fọ́n owó síta ní àwọn ibi ìgbéyàwó, ile sisi, ìdúpẹ́, àti bẹ́ẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ káàkiri ilẹ̀ Yorùbá gẹ́gẹ́ bí àmì rere fún àwọn tí wọ́n wá síbi ayẹyẹ náà. == Ìsìnkú == Nínú ìgbàgbọ́ Yorùbá, ikú kì ṣe òpin ìgbésí ayé; dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, ó jẹ́ ìyípadà láti inú irú ìwàláàyè kan sí òmíràn. Àwọn ogberi (àwọn ènìyàn aláìmọ̀kan) bẹ̀rù ikú nítorí pé ó ń ṣe àmì òpin ìwàláàyè kan tí a mọ̀ àti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ èyí tí a kò mọ̀. Àìkú ni àlá ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀, gẹ́gẹ́ bí "Eji-ogbe" ṣe sọ ọ́: ''Mo gbogbo orose; Ng ko ku mo; Mo digba oke; Mo duro Gbonin'' . (Mo ti di igi ose ti o dagba; Emi kì yóò kú mọ́; Mo ti di ọgọ́rùn-ún méjì òkè tí a yí padà sí ọ̀kan; Mo jẹ́ aláìṣípò.) Ìtọ́kasí sí àwọn òkè ni a rí nínú òwe náà "Gboningbonin ni t'oke, oke Gboningbonin". Àwọn Yorùbá tún ma ń gbàdúrà fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìbùkún, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn ohun mẹ́ta pàtàkì julo ni ọrọ̀, ọmọ àti àìkú: ire owó; ire ọmọ; ire aiku pari iwa. Ìgbàgbọ́ kan wà nínú ìgbésí ayé lẹ́yìn ikú tí ó jẹ́ ìtẹ̀síwájú ìgbésí ayé yìí, ní àyíká miran, àti pé ibùgbé àwọn òkú ni a sábà máa ń gbé sí ibi kan ní ayika ile eni ti o ku, a sì máa ń rò pé odò kan yà wọ́n sọ́tọ̀. Kíkópa nínú ìgbésí ayé lẹ́yìn ikú yìí dá lórí ìwà ìgbésí ayé ẹni àti iru ikú ti o pa ẹni. Èyí ni ìtumọ̀ ìgbésí ayé: láti jise Olodumare. Nítorí pé ìfẹ́ Ọlọ́run ni pé kí àwọn ènìyàn gbé ire lárugẹ dé ibi tí ó bá ṣeé ṣe. Nítorí náà, a tẹnumọ́ pé ẹnìkan ní agbára lati wu ìwà rere. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn ènìyàn ṣe ń sọ: ''Keni huwa gbegbede; keni lee ku pelepele; K'omo eni lee n'owo gbogbo L'eni sin'' . (Jẹ ki eniyan gbe igbesi aye re ni pẹ̀lẹ́pẹ̀lẹ́; ki eniyan le ku iku rere; ki awọn ọmọ ẹni le na ọwọ wọn lori ara ẹni ni ojo isinku.)<ref name="m990">{{cite web | last=Clue | first=Research | title=THE BELIEF ON BURIAL RITE AMONG THE YORUBA PEOPLE OF NIGERIA | website=FREE RESEARCH PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS IN NIGERIA | url=https://nairaproject.com/projects/4962-the-belief-on-burial-rite-among-the-yoruba-people-of-nigeria.html | access-date=2026-03-20}}</ref> Àṣeyọrí ikú rere jẹ́ àsìkò ayẹyẹ ìgbésí ayé òkú. Èyí pín sí oríṣiríṣi ẹ̀ka. Àkọ́kọ́, àwọn ọmọ àti àwọn ọmọ-ọmọ yóò ṣe ayẹyẹ ìgbésí ayé òbí wọn tí ó kú tí ó sì fi orúkọ rere sílẹ̀ fún wọn. Èkejì, àwọn Yorùbá jẹ́ olóòótọ́ àti onímọ̀ nípa ìwà wọn sí ikú. Wọ́n mọ̀ pé ẹnìkan lè kú ní kékeré. Ohun pàtàkì ni ìgbésí ayé rere àti orúkọ rere. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí òwe náà ti wí: ''Ki a ku l'omode, ki a fi esin se irele eni; o san ju ki a dagba ki a ni adie irana'' . (bí a bá kú ní ọ̀dọ́, tí a sì pa ẹṣin láti ṣe ayẹyẹ ìgbésí ayé ẹni; ó sàn ju kíkú ní ọjọ́ ogbó láìsí pe won pa adìẹ ní ayẹyẹ.)<ref name="p184">{{cite book | last1=Oripeloye | first1=Henri | last2=Omigbule | first2=Morufu Bukola | title=Science Across Cultures: The History of Non-Western Science | chapter=The Yoruba of Nigeria and the Ontology of Death and Burial | publisher=Springer International Publishing | publication-place=Cham | year=2019 | isbn=978-3-030-18825-2 | issn=1568-2145 | doi=10.1007/978-3-030-18826-9_12 | page=193–205}}</ref> Wọ́n tún gbàgbọ́ pé àwọn baba ńlá ní agbára ńlá láti ṣọ́ àwọn ọmọ wọn. Nítorí náà, àwọn ènìyàn máa ń gbìyànjú láti rántí àwọn baba ńlá wọn déédéé. Èyí ni ìbọ̀wọ̀ fún àwọn baba ńlá, èyí tí àwọn kan ti pè ní ìjọsìn àwọn baba ńlá ní ọ̀nà tí kò tọ́. Wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ìfẹ́ tí ó wà láàárín òbí àti ọmọ níbí lórí ilẹ̀ ayé yẹ kí ó máa bá a lọ lẹ́yìn ikú. Àti níwọ̀n ìgbà tí òbí náà ti lo sí ipò ìgbésí ayé mìíràn, ó yẹ kí ó ṣeé ṣe kí ìsopọ̀ náà máa lágbára sí. == Ìbálòpọ̀ àti Ìbálòpọ̀ nínú Àṣà Yorùbá == Ènìyàn lè ní òye nípa èrò àwọn Yorùbá nípa ìbálòpọ̀ àti ìbálòpọ̀ nípa ṣíṣe àyẹ̀wò bí àwọn kókó ọ̀rọ̀ wọ̀nyí ṣe hàn nínú ẹ̀sìn àti àṣà wọn. A lè rí òye pàtàkì nípa ojú ìwòye àwọn obìnrin ṣáájú ìgbà ìjọba ológun nípasẹ̀ àtúnyẹ̀wò àwọn ènìyàn pàtàkì nínú ìtàn àròsọ Yorùbá. === Ìgbéyàwó ọlọ́pọ̀ obìnrin === Ìyàwó púpọ̀ ní ìtàn àtijọ́ nínú àṣà ìbílẹ̀ Yorùbá. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti rí nínú ìlànà Yorùbá, ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ ìṣọ̀kan láàárín àwọn ìdílé pẹ̀lú èrò lati bímọ dípò àdéhùn ìfẹ́ láàárín ènìyàn méjì. Nítorí náà, ìgbádùn ìbálòpọ̀ àti ìfẹ́ láàárín àwọn mejeeji ki se idi ti a fi se igbeyawo. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí a ti lè sọ, ipò ọba ṣe pàtàkì gidigidi nínú àṣà Yorùbá, ṣùgbọ́n a tún fi pàtàkì fún àwọn alábàáṣiṣẹpọ̀ ọba náà. Nítorí pé ó dára fún ọba láti bí ọmọ púpọ̀, a retí pé kí ó ní ìyàwó púpọ̀ ju ẹnikẹ́ni lo. === Àwọn ìyàwó === Nítorí pé àṣà níní ìyàwó púpọ̀ wọ́pọ̀ ní àkókò ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ àti ìgbà ìjọba amúnisìn, ìyàwó àkọ́kọ́ máa n fún ọkọ ní ìwúrí láti gbé ìyàwó tuntun, ó sì tún máa ń ran ọkọ rẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ láti wá ìyàwó tuntun. Èyí jẹ́ àǹfààní owó fún ìyàwó tuntun, ó sì jẹ́ kí àwọn obìnrin tó ju ẹyọ kan lọ pín ẹrù iṣẹ́ wọn láàárín ara wọn. === Ìṣe àti Èdè Kò Fi Ìwà Ìbálòpọ̀ Hàn === Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìyàwó àgbà lè pe ìyàwó tuntun ní ''ìyáwo mi'' tàbí ''aya mi'' èyí tí ó túmọ̀ sí ìyàwó mi, kò sí ẹ̀rí pé èyí ní ṣe pẹ̀lú ìfẹ́kúfẹ̀ẹ́ tàbí ìbálòpọ̀ láàárín wọn. Bákan náà, nínú iṣẹ́ àlùfáà, ìyípadà ìbálòpọ̀ jẹ́ ohun tí ó wọ́pọ̀ ṣùgbọ́n kì ṣe àmì ìbálòpọ̀. Àwọn Elegun Sango tí wọ́n jẹ́ obìnrin ní ìrísí sábà máa ń ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìyàwó àti ọmọ. Àwọn Aboke 'Badan máa ń ṣe irun orí obìnrin nígbà míìrán wọ́n sì máa ń wọ aṣọ gẹ́gẹ́ bí obìnrin fún àwọn àṣà ìbílẹ̀ àti níwájú àwọn àlùfáà tàbí àwọn olórí mìíràn. Kò sí ẹ̀rí tó fi hàn pé àwọn ọkùnrin nínú iṣẹ́ méjèèjì ló ń kópa nínú ìbálòpọ̀. == Ìlera Ìbálòpọ̀ == === Ìdènà Àkóràn Tí A Le Ko Nípa Ìbálòpọ̀ === Láàrín àwọn ará Yorùbá ní Gúúsù Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Áfíríkà, ìlera ìbálòpọ̀ je nkan ti àwọn ọ̀dọ́ un gbájúmọ́, àwọn àgbàlagbà ni won sábà máa ń yo kúrò nínú ìjíròrò náà. A kì fún àwọn àgbàlagbà ní àfiyèsí tó bẹ́ẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ti àwọn ọ̀dọ́. Wọ́n sábà máa ń yọ wọ́n kúrò nínú ìtọ́jú ìbálòpọ̀, won si tun ni ìgbàgbọ́ nínú àwọn ọ̀nà ìdènà àti ìtọ́jú ibile àwọn àkóràn ìbálòpọ̀ ju bí wọ́n ṣe ń lò ó nínú oògùn oyinbo tàbí kọ́ńdómù lọ. Àwọn irinṣẹ́ ìdènà ti ibile ni ''sarun domi'' àti ''aseje'', àwọn méjèèjì ni a ń ṣe àdàpọ̀ láti sọ àrùn di omi fún ara. Àwọn ọ̀nà ìdènà mìíràn ni gbere, ìpara, àti ìbòrí. === Awọn Ojuse Ibalopo ti Iyawo === Bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ọkùnrin lè ṣe láti ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìbálòpọ̀ pelu obinrin miran yato si iyawo won, àní nígbà míran ìyàwó wọn ma un fowo si nigba ti agba ba ti de, o je nkan ojuti fun obìnrin tó bá ṣe bẹ́ẹ̀. Àwọn ọmọ àgbàlagbà tí àwọn obìnrin bá bí máa ń ṣe àkíyèsí ìyá wọn nígbà míì láti rí dájú pé kò ṣe ìṣekúṣe. Ogun tí a mọ̀ sí ''magun'' jẹ́ ègún tí a fi lé obìnrin láti fìyà jẹ alábàáṣepọ̀ rẹ̀, èyí tó lè yọrí sí ikú. A ka sí ìyà fún ìwà àìtọ́. Ìbálòpọ̀ àwọn ọkùnrin pelu awon obinrin ti ki se iyawo won mú kí ewu wọn láti ní àrùn ìbálòpọ̀ pọ̀ sí ju ewu fún àwọn obìnrin lọ. ==== Ìbálòpọ̀ àti Ìdádúró Omo Bibi ==== Ara odomode obinrin yato si ara okunrin nipa omo bibi ati ife si ibalopo. Ni ara awon agba obinrin ti ko ni ife pupo si ibalopo mon, iye won ma un wa lati ara omo won ati ajulo. Niwon igba to je wipe ojuse obinrin ni ki o ni ibalopo pelu oko re ni igba ti o ba fe, didagba ma un je ominiria fun awon obinrin ti o ri ibalopo gege bi oun irora. ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== {{reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àṣà Yorùbá]] [[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]] 8ixchyex6pwxq056q17tr82f8smikob 0 9830 624876 577995 2026-07-02T07:07:55Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 624876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Kudirat Abíọ́lá |image = kudirat.gif | caption = | birth_date = 1951 |death_date = 4 June,1996 | birth_place = [[Zaria]], Nigeria | death_place = [[Lagos]] | nationality = [[Nàìjíríà ]] | occupation = | networth = | spouse = [[M. K. O. Abíọ́lá]] | children = 7 | residence = | alma_mater = | website = | signature = | parents = }} '''Kúdíràtù Abíọ̀lá''' tí a bí ni ọdún 1951, dágbére fáyé ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù kẹfà ọdún 1996(1951 - 4 June, 1996)<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Story of Kudirat Abiola |url=http://www.kind.org/kudirat_biography.html |access-date=2009-10-05 |archive-date=2009-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926024450/http://www.kind.org/kudirat_biography.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.h-net.org/~africa/obituaries/msabiola.html Obituary: Kudirat Abiola]</ref> jẹ́ òṣèlú àti ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ọmọ ènìyàn ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè [[Nàìjíríà]]. Ó tún jẹ́ ọ̀kan nínú àwọn ìyàwó [[M. K. O. Abíọ́lá]].<ref name="Nigeriagalleria 1996">{{cite web|title=Kudirat Abiola, Politicians, Entreprenuer, Prominent Nigerian, Nigeria Personality Profiles|website=Nigeriagalleria|date=1996-06-09|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/Personality-Profiles/Prominent-Nigerians/Kudirat-Abiola.html|access-date=2022-05-19}}</ref> ==Ayé Rẹ̀ == Wọ́n bí i ní ọdún 1951 ní [[Zaria]] ní ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà. Alhaja Kudirat Abiola ni obìnrin kejì tí ó fẹ́ ọkọ rẹ̀. Ní àkókò ikú rẹ̀, ó jẹ́ ìyàwó àgbà rẹ̀.<ref name=mail/> Wọ́n pa á lákòókò tí ìjọba orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ti fi ọkọ rẹ̀ sí àtìmọ́lé. Ọkọ rẹ̀ ni wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé ó jẹ́ olúdìje tó jáwé olúború nínú ìdìbò Nàìjíríà tó wáyé lọ́dún 1993, tí wọ́n sì tì mú u láìpẹ́ lẹ́hìn tí ìjọba àpaniláṣẹ [[Ibrahim Babangida]] fagi lé wọn. Ìpànìyàn náà jẹ́ kókó-ọ̀rọ̀ ti ìwádìí àti ìdánwò ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún lẹ́hìn náà. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn àkọọlẹ, ìpànìyàn náà ni àṣẹ àti lẹ́hìn náà wáyé nípasẹ̀ àwọn ọkùnrin mẹ́fà. Abiola kú nínú ọkọ̀ rẹ̀ láti iná [[ìbọn]]. Awakọ̀ rẹ̀ tún kú. Olùrànlọ́wọ́ ti ara ẹni, ẹnití ó fi ẹ̀sùn kan pé ó ní ipa pẹ̀lú àwọn apànìyàn rẹ̀, wà nínú ọkọ̀ ayọ̀kẹ́lẹ́ ṣùgbọ́n kò farapa.<ref name=nyt>[https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/08/world/moshood-ko-abiola-from-wealth-to-troubled-politics-to-flawed-symbol.html Moshood K.O. Abiola: From Wealth to Troubled Politics to Flawed Symbol], Michael T. Kaufman, New York Times, July 8, 1998</ref> <ref name=mail>[http://daily12844.rssing.com/browser.php?indx=58023368&item=336 The Brutal Assassination of Kudirat Abiola: Here Is The Complete Story], 20 January 2016, Daily Mail (Nigeria), Retrieved 7 February 2016</ref> Ọkọ rẹ̀ tẹ̀síwájú láti wà ní àtimọ́lé láìsí ẹsùn lẹ́hìn ikú rẹ̀. Ó kú ní àwọn ipò ìfura ní kété ṣáájú kí wọ́n tó sọ pé yóò tú sílẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ keje oṣù keje ọdún 1998.<ref name=nyt/> {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} ==Àwọn ìtókasí== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abiola Kudirat}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1951]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 1996]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ará Nàìjíríà]] nj6keemyciazeh1tzim4iuzfrn0qx9h 0 11619 624979 459706 2026-07-02T09:24:21Z HERODOE 32217 Ìdásílẹ̀ àyọkà tuntun: Ìtúmọ̀ àti àfikún fún orin Jùjú pẹ̀lú ìtọ́kasí. 624979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Irúfẹ́ orin ní Nàìjíríà}} {{For|àwo-orin láti ọwọ́ King Sunny Adé àti His African Beats|Juju Music}} {{Yoruba people}} '''Jùjú''' ({{ipa|yo|d͡ʒùd͡ʒú|lang|small=no}}) jẹ́ irúfẹ́ orin gbajúgbajà kan ní ilẹ̀ Yorùbá, tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti [[Èkó|Lagos]], ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Alaja-Browne |first=Afolabi |date=1989 |title=The Origin and Development of JuJu Music |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1214743 |journal=The Black Perspective in Music |volume=17 |issue=1/2 |pages=55–72 |doi=10.2307/1214743|jstor=1214743 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Ó kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gbilẹ̀ ní àwọn ọdún 1920 pẹ̀lú [[Tunde King]] (Abdulrafiu Babatunde King).<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last1=Miller |first1=Terry E. |chapter=World Music: A Global Journey |date=2020-10-20 |title=World Music |pages=300–318 |chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367823498-10 |access-date=2025-03-08 |place=Fifth edition. {{!}} New York : Routledge, 2020. |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-367-82349-8 |last2=Shahriari |first2=Andrew|doi=10.4324/9780367823498-10 |chapter-url-access=subscription }}</ref> Àwọn ọ̀nà ìkọrin jùjú ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ sábà máa ń wá pẹ̀lú gita alókùn-ún tàbí gita (banjo), ìlù, ṣẹ̀kẹ̀rẹ̀, ṣáńbà (tambourine), àti ohùn akọrin.<ref name=":2" /> Orin jùjú gbòde ní Èkó ní ọdún 1932, orin gita ẹlẹ́mu (palm wine guitar music) ló sì ní ipa púpọ̀ lórí rẹ̀.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Waterman |first=Christopher |url= |title=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 1 |publisher=Routledge |year=1998 |isbn= |pages=471–487}}</ref> Àwọn orin rẹ̀ sábà máa ń ní orin ìyìn àti ìtàn, tí ó ń tọ́ka sí àwọn kókó-ọ̀rọ̀ bíi ìdámọ̀, àwùjọ, ìgbésí ayé, ìgbàgbọ́ ẹ̀sìn, àti ọ̀rọ̀ nipa àwùjọ.<ref name=":0" /> == Ìtàn == [[Tunde King]] (Abdulrafiu Babatunde King) ni akọrin jùjú àkọ́kọ́ ní àwọn ọdún 1920.<ref name=":2" /> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí atẹgita láti Èkó,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Waterman |first=Christopher A. |title=Jùjú: A Social History and Ethnography of an African Popular Music |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |year=1990 |pages=55–81}}</ref> Tunde King bẹ̀rẹ̀ nípa títẹ orin Asiko àti àwọn orin ìbílẹ̀ níbi àwọn àpéjọ pẹ̀lú àwọn "Area Boys" ní [[Olówógbọ̀wọ̀|Olowogbowo]].<ref name=":0" /> Orin rẹ̀ jẹ́ àdàlù àsìkò, ọ̀rọ̀ àwùjọ, ó sì lo ọ̀nà ìtẹgita oní-ìka-méjì tí a mọ̀ sí "krusbass."<ref name=":0" /> Tunde King àti ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tún ni àwọn akọrin jùjú àkọ́kọ́ tí a kọ́kọ́ gba ohùn wọn sílẹ̀ ní ọdún 1936, láti ọwọ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ agbórin-sílẹ̀ Parlophone.<ref name=":1" /> == Èlò Orin == [[File:Shekere.jpg|thumb|Ṣẹ̀kẹ̀rẹ̀ (Gourd Rattle)]] [[File:TalkingDrum.jpg|thumb|Ìlù Gángan]] Àwọn ohun èlò orin jùjú pẹ̀lú àwọn ìpìlẹ̀ ìró rẹ̀, tí ó sábà máa ń ní àwọn ìró ọlọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ tó díjú bíi polyrhythms.<ref name=":0" /> Orin jùjú ti àtijọ́ sábà máa ń ní ìyára rẹ̀ láàárín 130bpm àti 150bpm, èyí tí a kà sí ohun tó yára jù fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìlù ijó ìbílẹ̀ Yorùbá ní àkókò náà.<ref name=":1" /> Àwọn ohun èlò kíkọ pẹ̀lú ìlù jùjú (ṣáńbà), [[gángan]] (talking drum), [[Ṣẹ̀kẹ̀rẹ̀|sèkèrè]] (gourd rattle), [[agídìgbò]] (type of xylophone) àti gita (tí ó ń ṣe atọ́nà rẹ̀).<ref name=":0" /> Orin jùjú tún ti gba ipa látara àwọn irúfẹ́ orin míràn bíi rock, funk, àti reggae.<ref name=":2" /> == Àwọn Gbajúgbajà Akọrin == [[File:King Sunny Ade.jpg|thumb|King Sunny Ade, gbajúgbajà akọrin Jùjú]] * [[Ebenezer Obey]] * [[King Sunny Adé]] * [[I. K. Dairo]] * [[Shina Peters]] == Ẹ tún lè wo == * [[Music of Nigeria|Orin Nàìjíríà]] * [[List of juju musicians|Àkójọ àwọn akọrin jùjú]] * [[Afrobeat|Áfíróbíìtì]] * [[Femi Kuti]] == Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} == Àwọn Ìjápọ̀ Ìta == * [http://www.furious.com/perfect/kingsunnyade.html Ìfọ̀rọ̀wánilẹ́nuwò King Sunny Ade] láti ọwọ́ Jason Gross (Oṣù Kẹfà 1998) {{Genres of African popular music}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Juju Music}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Orin ilẹ̀ Áfíríkà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Orin Nàìjíríà]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Orin Yorùbá]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Orin ọ̀rúndún ogún]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Orin ọ̀rúndún kọkànlélógún]] qmo375qr87ks3itwaxr4xixfgnmqlva 0 35888 624679 624528 2026-07-01T18:05:18Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935, She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] ijr5u88lmcrfqn1jugvw3rl1ue4goy0 624680 624679 2026-07-01T18:05:38Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 93r4yowtb29gak6wbxtplf0xfuck2pq 624681 624680 2026-07-01T18:05:57Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 05zup40rtuqfziymj2h6nksxose2tdl 624682 624681 2026-07-01T18:06:16Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939). She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] kqiottuy0pi045jerueutlena4f5hhf 624683 624682 2026-07-01T18:08:29Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] lxw8jstw1od8do51hlqgeyauwb7k78j 624684 624683 2026-07-01T18:08:49Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí. She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 2gazu6q302eoiihhhhl06xuaef0hrvr 624685 624684 2026-07-01T18:09:44Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] nz8lcvg5za47gtwxmky6kpnkytygwkn 624686 624685 2026-07-01T18:10:14Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 24dgsottx5g51b3wedr6sszdulbcu9e 624687 624686 2026-07-01T18:10:34Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 40buzcci6aijwuvynf9bemabzn1eeqo 624688 624687 2026-07-01T18:10:55Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 2akxdpx2ycntpihjjtqyn5zqpxgbyx9 624689 624688 2026-07-01T18:11:15Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943). She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 85evgxd0btq64zrc9s3v9tnajhhcgrb 624690 624689 2026-07-01T18:12:20Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 7yy0udk2pipfqsfcnm7ke4cvzu38w0z 624691 624690 2026-07-01T18:12:54Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] iezcmgo7hefot0hfh9ydlavpff14a0h 624692 624691 2026-07-01T18:13:29Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] d7p25kq0exj3e0yqnmdpu4jj3ta1e5b 624693 624692 2026-07-01T18:13:39Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948). She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 2tvudejg7qh20rxpgedfqktmztcqm8y 624694 624693 2026-07-01T18:14:06Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] r149vwmo15hv8k7pcrtws1i0vv5md22 624695 624694 2026-07-01T18:14:29Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions. She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] cj0asdxgee0m1zhugy4uamsvmike1kc 624696 624695 2026-07-01T18:14:58Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] aj6w4w0oubhvp7616dxtnwkrxfkuqnw 624697 624696 2026-07-01T18:15:16Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] dyqitg81eyvyp83bgxuu4syueziipoj 624698 624697 2026-07-01T18:15:55Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] exuclmlpvtpjptr2ds1vsw4t4r22qu5 624699 624698 2026-07-01T18:16:13Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 8ekeqz5y2pvqc9032ohpwqnlgdaxr8t 624700 624699 2026-07-01T18:16:37Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] c2vdos7zzd1qlbptdcpnpox86hk4nq6 624701 624700 2026-07-01T18:17:13Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 5w103jgf9yld228vjni2bw2uh9xbuhy 624702 624701 2026-07-01T18:17:32Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. She released an autobiography, ''No Bed of Roses'', in 1978, and continued to act until 1994. Her [[Academy Award]] for ''Suspicion'' makes Fontaine the only actress to have won an Oscar for acting in a Hitchcock film. She and her sister Olivia remain the only [[List of Academy Award-winning families|siblings to have won lead-acting Academy Awards]]. {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] fpgwe75vymvct5bwvj1kil6ss35h3fa 624703 624702 2026-07-01T18:18:49Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. Ní ọdún 1978, ó tẹ ìwé ìrántí ara rẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú {{TOC limit|limit=2}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] hnlpi6vq669ax9o4y08fbxcmzw2mx0s 624704 624703 2026-07-01T18:19:25Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. Ní ọdún 1978, ó tẹ ìwé ìrántí ara rẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú àkọlé No Bed of Roses. Ó sì tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] kd6dvon5ify7xj6c1obccz3wzvg0r8z 624705 624704 2026-07-01T18:19:43Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. Ní ọdún 1978, ó tẹ ìwé ìrántí ara rẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú àkọlé No Bed of Roses. Ó sì tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré títí di ọdún 1994. ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 0hr176v1b2vtchbsmashx5skqvcjk01 624706 624705 2026-07-01T18:20:18Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. Ní ọdún 1978, ó tẹ ìwé ìrántí ara rẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú àkọlé No Bed of Roses. Ó sì tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré títí di ọdún 1994.Àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards tí ó gba fún Suspicion jẹ́ ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] t0jsgmknhplyiplxdpa3kjcyuipyj58 624707 624706 2026-07-01T18:20:38Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. Ní ọdún 1978, ó tẹ ìwé ìrántí ara rẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú àkọlé No Bed of Roses. Ó sì tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré títí di ọdún 1994.Àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards tí ó gba fún Suspicion jẹ́ kó di òṣèré obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tó ti gba ẹ̀bùn ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] jh16z2qaocm3glqyzwzvwzdb1xlu7vz 624708 624707 2026-07-01T18:21:02Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. Ní ọdún 1978, ó tẹ ìwé ìrántí ara rẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú àkọlé No Bed of Roses. Ó sì tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré títí di ọdún 1994.Àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards tí ó gba fún Suspicion jẹ́ kó di òṣèré obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tó ti gba Ẹ̀bùn Oscar fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré nínú fíìmù tí Alfred Hitchcock darí. ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] svoac5uep7p23457ac57o1tnsi6ld4m 624709 624708 2026-07-01T18:21:38Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. Ní ọdún 1978, ó tẹ ìwé ìrántí ara rẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú àkọlé No Bed of Roses. Ó sì tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré títí di ọdún 1994.Àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards tí ó gba fún Suspicion jẹ́ kó di òṣèré obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tó ti gba Ẹ̀bùn Oscar fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré nínú fíìmù tí Alfred Hitchcock darí.Òun àti ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀, Olivia de Havilland, ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 868mfq4uh8vyvoxs7l8e57qmau4shkq 624710 624709 2026-07-01T18:21:52Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. Ní ọdún 1978, ó tẹ ìwé ìrántí ara rẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú àkọlé No Bed of Roses. Ó sì tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré títí di ọdún 1994.Àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards tí ó gba fún Suspicion jẹ́ kó di òṣèré obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tó ti gba Ẹ̀bùn Oscar fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré nínú fíìmù tí Alfred Hitchcock darí.Òun àti ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀, Olivia de Havilland, ṣì jẹ́ àwọn arábìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] f9vifq75t0qwayj88nx768aaqomje4z 624711 624710 2026-07-01T18:22:12Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. Ní ọdún 1978, ó tẹ ìwé ìrántí ara rẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú àkọlé No Bed of Roses. Ó sì tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré títí di ọdún 1994.Àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards tí ó gba fún Suspicion jẹ́ kó di òṣèré obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tó ti gba Ẹ̀bùn Oscar fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré nínú fíìmù tí Alfred Hitchcock darí.Òun àti ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀, Olivia de Havilland, ṣì jẹ́ àwọn arábìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards fún ipa àkọ́kọ́ (lead acting). ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 1sfrgo71aanheyf6jijqtscvdix1sa7 624712 624711 2026-07-01T18:23:09Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. Ní ọdún 1978, ó tẹ ìwé ìrántí ara rẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú àkọlé No Bed of Roses. Ó sì tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré títí di ọdún 1994.Àmì ẹ̀yẹ [[Academy Awards]] tí ó gba fún Suspicion jẹ́ kó di òṣèré obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tó ti gba Ẹ̀bùn Oscar fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré nínú fíìmù tí Alfred Hitchcock darí.Òun àti ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀, Olivia de Havilland, ṣì jẹ́ àwọn arábìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards fún ipa àkọ́kọ́ (lead acting). ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 2p6spy54dk3e4boyepfeoziwl0gznsd 624713 624712 2026-07-01T18:23:39Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. Ní ọdún 1978, ó tẹ ìwé ìrántí ara rẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú àkọlé No Bed of Roses. Ó sì tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré títí di ọdún 1994.Àmì ẹ̀yẹ [[Academy Awards]] tí ó gba fún Suspicion jẹ́ kó di òṣèré obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tó ti gba Ẹ̀bùn Oscar fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré nínú fíìmù tí Alfred Hitchcock darí.Òun àti ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀, [[Olivia de Havilland]] , ṣì jẹ́ àwọn arábìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards fún ipa àkọ́kọ́ (lead acting). ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] j68dpbqagce6bmz9v6jgvsspjvsxckd 624807 624713 2026-07-01T20:48:23Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. Ní ọdún 1978, ó tẹ ìwé ìrántí ara rẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú àkọlé No Bed of Roses. Ó sì tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré títí di ọdún 1994.Àmì ẹ̀yẹ [[Academy Awards]] tí ó gba fún Suspicion jẹ́ kó di òṣèré obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tó ti gba Ẹ̀bùn Oscar fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré nínú fíìmù tí Alfred Hitchcock darí.Òun àti ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀, [[Olivia de Havilland]] , ṣì jẹ́ àwọn arábìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards fún ipa àkọ́kọ́ (lead acting). == Early life == [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|left|thumb|upright|Fontaine with sister [[Olivia de Havilland]] (center) and mother [[Lilian Fontaine]], c. 1922]] Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland was born on October 22, 1917, in Tokyo City, in the then [[Empire of Japan]], to English parents. Her father, [[Walter de Havilland]] (1872–1968), was educated at the [[University of Cambridge]] and served as an English professor at the [[University of Tokyo|Imperial University]] in Tokyo before becoming a [[patent attorney]].<ref name="thomas-20">Thomas 1983, p. 20.</ref> Her mother, [[Lilian Fontaine|Lilian Augusta Ruse de Havilland Fontaine]] (1886&ndash;1975),<ref name="filmref">[http://www.filmreference.com/film/75/Olivia-de-Havilland.html Olivia de Havilland] ''FilmReference'' {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183740/http://www.filmreference.com/film/75/Olivia-de-Havilland.html |date=March 3, 2016}}. Retrieved February 15, 2013.</ref> was educated at the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] in London and became a stage actress who left her career after going to Tokyo with her husband.<ref name="thomas-20"/> Her mother returned to work with the stage name "Lilian Fontaine" after Joan and her elder sister [[Olivia de Havilland]] achieved prominence in the 1940s. Joan's paternal cousin was Sir [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (1882–1965), an aircraft designer known for the [[de Havilland Mosquito]],<ref name="french">French, Philip. "Screen Legends No.73". ''The Observer'', Review Section, 2009.</ref> and founder of the aircraft company which bore his name. Her paternal grandfather, the Reverend Charles Richard de{{nbsp}}Havilland, was from [[De Havilland family|a family]] from [[Guernsey]], in the [[Channel Islands]].<ref name="beeman">Beeman 1994, p. 24.</ref><ref name="thomson">Thomson 2010, p. 339.</ref> De Havilland's parents married in 1914 and separated in 1919 when she was two; the divorce was not finalized, however, until February 1925.<ref name=bubbeo>{{cite book |last=Bubbeo |first=Daniel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&pg=PP1 |title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each |publisher=McFarland & Company |isbn=978-0-7864-1137-5 |year=2002 |page=55 |access-date=April 1, 2014}}</ref> Taking a physician's advice, Lilian de{{nbsp}}Havilland moved Joan{{nsmdns}}reportedly a sickly child who had developed [[anaemia]] following a combined attack of the [[measles]] and a [[streptococcal]] infection{{nsmdns}}and her sister to the United States.<ref>Fontaine 1978, p. 19.</ref><ref name=bubbeo/> The family settled in [[Saratoga, California]], and Fontaine's health improved dramatically during her teen years. She was educated at nearby [[Los Gatos High School]] and was soon taking [[diction]] lessons alongside Olivia. When she was 16 years old, Joan returned to Japan to live with her father. There she attended the [[American School in Japan]], graduating in 1935.<ref>[http://community.asij.ac.jp/Page.aspx?pid=464 "Prominent Alumni."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303053437/http://community.asij.ac.jp/Page.aspx?pid=464 |date=March 3, 2012}} ''The American School in Japan.'' Retrieved October 6, 2011.</ref> ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] d05tyif8yh5tzo1bpfpezdv4u3ja6ch 624891 624807 2026-07-02T07:25:59Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. Ní ọdún 1978, ó tẹ ìwé ìrántí ara rẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú àkọlé No Bed of Roses. Ó sì tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré títí di ọdún 1994.Àmì ẹ̀yẹ [[Academy Awards]] tí ó gba fún Suspicion jẹ́ kó di òṣèré obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tó ti gba Ẹ̀bùn Oscar fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré nínú fíìmù tí Alfred Hitchcock darí.Òun àti ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀, [[Olivia de Havilland]] , ṣì jẹ́ àwọn arábìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards fún ipa àkọ́kọ́ (lead acting). == Early life == [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|left|thumb|upright|Fontaine with sister [[Olivia de Havilland]] (center) and mother [[Lilian Fontaine]], c. 1922]] Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ 22 oṣù Kẹwàá, ọdún 1917, ní ìlú Tokyo, ní ilẹ̀ tí a mọ̀ De Havilland's parents married in 1914 and separated in 1919 when she was two; the divorce was not finalized, however, until February 1925.<ref name=bubbeo>{{cite book |last=Bubbeo |first=Daniel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&pg=PP1 |title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each |publisher=McFarland & Company |isbn=978-0-7864-1137-5 |year=2002 |page=55 |access-date=April 1, 2014}}</ref> Taking a physician's advice, Lilian de{{nbsp}}Havilland moved Joan{{nsmdns}}reportedly a sickly child who had developed [[anaemia]] following a combined attack of the [[measles]] and a [[streptococcal]] infection{{nsmdns}}and her sister to the United States.<ref>Fontaine 1978, p. 19.</ref><ref name=bubbeo/> The family settled in [[Saratoga, California]], and Fontaine's health improved dramatically during her teen years. She was educated at nearby [[Los Gatos High School]] and was soon taking [[diction]] lessons alongside Olivia. When she was 16 years old, Joan returned to Japan to live with her father. There she attended the [[American School in Japan]], graduating in 1935.<ref>[http://community.asij.ac.jp/Page.aspx?pid=464 "Prominent Alumni."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303053437/http://community.asij.ac.jp/Page.aspx?pid=464 |date=March 3, 2012}} ''The American School in Japan.'' Retrieved October 6, 2011.</ref> ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] kjkgs0qzwtvvurafo69p1t8lz5vjj1p 624892 624891 2026-07-02T07:26:22Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. Ní ọdún 1978, ó tẹ ìwé ìrántí ara rẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú àkọlé No Bed of Roses. Ó sì tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré títí di ọdún 1994.Àmì ẹ̀yẹ [[Academy Awards]] tí ó gba fún Suspicion jẹ́ kó di òṣèré obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tó ti gba Ẹ̀bùn Oscar fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré nínú fíìmù tí Alfred Hitchcock darí.Òun àti ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀, [[Olivia de Havilland]] , ṣì jẹ́ àwọn arábìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards fún ipa àkọ́kọ́ (lead acting). == Early life == [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|left|thumb|upright|Fontaine with sister [[Olivia de Havilland]] (center) and mother [[Lilian Fontaine]], c. 1922]] Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ 22 oṣù Kẹwàá, ọdún 1917, ní ìlú Tokyo, ní ilẹ̀ tí a mọ̀ sí Ìjọba Japan (Empire of Japan) nígbà yẹn, láti ọwọ́ àwọn òbí ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. De Havilland's parents married in 1914 and separated in 1919 when she was two; the divorce was not finalized, however, until February 1925.<ref name=bubbeo>{{cite book |last=Bubbeo |first=Daniel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&pg=PP1 |title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each |publisher=McFarland & Company |isbn=978-0-7864-1137-5 |year=2002 |page=55 |access-date=April 1, 2014}}</ref> Taking a physician's advice, Lilian de{{nbsp}}Havilland moved Joan{{nsmdns}}reportedly a sickly child who had developed [[anaemia]] following a combined attack of the [[measles]] and a [[streptococcal]] infection{{nsmdns}}and her sister to the United States.<ref>Fontaine 1978, p. 19.</ref><ref name=bubbeo/> The family settled in [[Saratoga, California]], and Fontaine's health improved dramatically during her teen years. She was educated at nearby [[Los Gatos High School]] and was soon taking [[diction]] lessons alongside Olivia. When she was 16 years old, Joan returned to Japan to live with her father. There she attended the [[American School in Japan]], graduating in 1935.<ref>[http://community.asij.ac.jp/Page.aspx?pid=464 "Prominent Alumni."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303053437/http://community.asij.ac.jp/Page.aspx?pid=464 |date=March 3, 2012}} ''The American School in Japan.'' Retrieved October 6, 2011.</ref> ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 2wum5u4080cxoyifyvzexcu12clffy4 624893 624892 2026-07-02T07:27:11Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. Ní ọdún 1978, ó tẹ ìwé ìrántí ara rẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú àkọlé No Bed of Roses. Ó sì tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré títí di ọdún 1994.Àmì ẹ̀yẹ [[Academy Awards]] tí ó gba fún Suspicion jẹ́ kó di òṣèré obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tó ti gba Ẹ̀bùn Oscar fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré nínú fíìmù tí Alfred Hitchcock darí.Òun àti ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀, [[Olivia de Havilland]] , ṣì jẹ́ àwọn arábìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards fún ipa àkọ́kọ́ (lead acting). == Early life == [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|left|thumb|upright|Fontaine with sister [[Olivia de Havilland]] (center) and mother [[Lilian Fontaine]], c. 1922]] Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ 22 oṣù Kẹwàá, ọdún 1917, ní ìlú Tokyo, ní ilẹ̀ tí a mọ̀ sí Ìjọba Japan (Empire of Japan) nígbà yẹn, láti ọwọ́ àwọn òbí ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.Bàbá rẹ̀, Walter de Havilland (1872–1968), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní University of Cambridge. Ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Imperial University ní Tokyo kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney). De Havilland's parents married in 1914 and separated in 1919 when she was two; the divorce was not finalized, however, until February 1925.<ref name=bubbeo>{{cite book |last=Bubbeo |first=Daniel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&pg=PP1 |title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each |publisher=McFarland & Company |isbn=978-0-7864-1137-5 |year=2002 |page=55 |access-date=April 1, 2014}}</ref> Taking a physician's advice, Lilian de{{nbsp}}Havilland moved Joan{{nsmdns}}reportedly a sickly child who had developed [[anaemia]] following a combined attack of the [[measles]] and a [[streptococcal]] infection{{nsmdns}}and her sister to the United States.<ref>Fontaine 1978, p. 19.</ref><ref name=bubbeo/> The family settled in [[Saratoga, California]], and Fontaine's health improved dramatically during her teen years. She was educated at nearby [[Los Gatos High School]] and was soon taking [[diction]] lessons alongside Olivia. When she was 16 years old, Joan returned to Japan to live with her father. There she attended the [[American School in Japan]], graduating in 1935.<ref>[http://community.asij.ac.jp/Page.aspx?pid=464 "Prominent Alumni."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303053437/http://community.asij.ac.jp/Page.aspx?pid=464 |date=March 3, 2012}} ''The American School in Japan.'' Retrieved October 6, 2011.</ref> ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] t1xmgb87hm9b1x8w8n6i2gknpct2ab0 624895 624893 2026-07-02T07:28:02Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. Ní ọdún 1978, ó tẹ ìwé ìrántí ara rẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú àkọlé No Bed of Roses. Ó sì tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré títí di ọdún 1994.Àmì ẹ̀yẹ [[Academy Awards]] tí ó gba fún Suspicion jẹ́ kó di òṣèré obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tó ti gba Ẹ̀bùn Oscar fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré nínú fíìmù tí Alfred Hitchcock darí.Òun àti ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀, [[Olivia de Havilland]] , ṣì jẹ́ àwọn arábìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards fún ipa àkọ́kọ́ (lead acting). == Early life == [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|left|thumb|upright|Fontaine with sister [[Olivia de Havilland]] (center) and mother [[Lilian Fontaine]], c. 1922]] Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ 22 oṣù Kẹwàá, ọdún 1917, ní ìlú Tokyo, ní ilẹ̀ tí a mọ̀ sí Ìjọba Japan (Empire of Japan) nígbà yẹn, láti ọwọ́ àwọn òbí ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.Bàbá rẹ̀, Walter de Havilland (1872–1968), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní University of Cambridge. Ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Imperial University ní Tokyo kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London. Ó di òṣèré eré onípele, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí ó bá ọkọ rẹ̀ lọ sí Tokyo. Lẹ́yìn tí Joan àti ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀, Olivia de Havilland, di olókìkí ní ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù ní ọdún 1940 sí i, ó padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú orúkọ ìtàgé[[Lilian Fontaine]] De Havilland's parents married in 1914 and separated in 1919 when she was two; the divorce was not finalized, however, until February 1925.<ref name=bubbeo>{{cite book |last=Bubbeo |first=Daniel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&pg=PP1 |title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each |publisher=McFarland & Company |isbn=978-0-7864-1137-5 |year=2002 |page=55 |access-date=April 1, 2014}}</ref> Taking a physician's advice, Lilian de{{nbsp}}Havilland moved Joan{{nsmdns}}reportedly a sickly child who had developed [[anaemia]] following a combined attack of the [[measles]] and a [[streptococcal]] infection{{nsmdns}}and her sister to the United States.<ref>Fontaine 1978, p. 19.</ref><ref name=bubbeo/> The family settled in [[Saratoga, California]], and Fontaine's health improved dramatically during her teen years. She was educated at nearby [[Los Gatos High School]] and was soon taking [[diction]] lessons alongside Olivia. When she was 16 years old, Joan returned to Japan to live with her father. There she attended the [[American School in Japan]], graduating in 1935.<ref>[http://community.asij.ac.jp/Page.aspx?pid=464 "Prominent Alumni."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303053437/http://community.asij.ac.jp/Page.aspx?pid=464 |date=March 3, 2012}} ''The American School in Japan.'' Retrieved October 6, 2011.</ref> ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] mo2e14ibd5bko4f28m18gau44w7wjah 624896 624895 2026-07-02T07:29:06Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. Ní ọdún 1978, ó tẹ ìwé ìrántí ara rẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú àkọlé No Bed of Roses. Ó sì tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré títí di ọdún 1994.Àmì ẹ̀yẹ [[Academy Awards]] tí ó gba fún Suspicion jẹ́ kó di òṣèré obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tó ti gba Ẹ̀bùn Oscar fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré nínú fíìmù tí Alfred Hitchcock darí.Òun àti ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀, [[Olivia de Havilland]] , ṣì jẹ́ àwọn arábìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards fún ipa àkọ́kọ́ (lead acting). == Early life == [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|left|thumb|upright|Fontaine with sister [[Olivia de Havilland]] (center) and mother [[Lilian Fontaine]], c. 1922]] Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ 22 oṣù Kẹwàá, ọdún 1917, ní ìlú Tokyo, ní ilẹ̀ tí a mọ̀ sí Ìjọba Japan (Empire of Japan) nígbà yẹn, láti ọwọ́ àwọn òbí ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.Bàbá rẹ̀, Walter de Havilland (1872–1968), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní University of Cambridge. Ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Imperial University ní Tokyo kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London. Ó di òṣèré eré onípele, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí ó bá ọkọ rẹ̀ lọ sí Tokyo. Lẹ́yìn tí Joan àti ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀, Olivia de Havilland, di olókìkí ní ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù ní ọdún 1940 sí i, ó padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú orúkọ ìtàgé[[Lilian Fontaine]]. Arákùnrin bàbá Joan, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland (1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe ọkọ̀ òfurufú tó di olókìkí nítorí ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland Mosquito, ó sì tún dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. De Havilland's parents married in 1914 and separated in 1919 when she was two; the divorce was not finalized, however, until February 1925.<ref name=bubbeo>{{cite book |last=Bubbeo |first=Daniel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&pg=PP1 |title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each |publisher=McFarland & Company |isbn=978-0-7864-1137-5 |year=2002 |page=55 |access-date=April 1, 2014}}</ref> Taking a physician's advice, Lilian de{{nbsp}}Havilland moved Joan{{nsmdns}}reportedly a sickly child who had developed [[anaemia]] following a combined attack of the [[measles]] and a [[streptococcal]] infection{{nsmdns}}and her sister to the United States.<ref>Fontaine 1978, p. 19.</ref><ref name=bubbeo/> The family settled in [[Saratoga, California]], and Fontaine's health improved dramatically during her teen years. She was educated at nearby [[Los Gatos High School]] and was soon taking [[diction]] lessons alongside Olivia. When she was 16 years old, Joan returned to Japan to live with her father. There she attended the [[American School in Japan]], graduating in 1935.<ref>[http://community.asij.ac.jp/Page.aspx?pid=464 "Prominent Alumni."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303053437/http://community.asij.ac.jp/Page.aspx?pid=464 |date=March 3, 2012}} ''The American School in Japan.'' Retrieved October 6, 2011.</ref> ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 6tzaimaa46510pei1dvtla1ws33yxt8 624897 624896 2026-07-02T07:29:36Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. Ní ọdún 1978, ó tẹ ìwé ìrántí ara rẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú àkọlé No Bed of Roses. Ó sì tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré títí di ọdún 1994.Àmì ẹ̀yẹ [[Academy Awards]] tí ó gba fún Suspicion jẹ́ kó di òṣèré obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tó ti gba Ẹ̀bùn Oscar fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré nínú fíìmù tí Alfred Hitchcock darí.Òun àti ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀, [[Olivia de Havilland]] , ṣì jẹ́ àwọn arábìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards fún ipa àkọ́kọ́ (lead acting). == Early life == [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|left|thumb|upright|Fontaine with sister [[Olivia de Havilland]] (center) and mother [[Lilian Fontaine]], c. 1922]] Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ 22 oṣù Kẹwàá, ọdún 1917, ní ìlú Tokyo, ní ilẹ̀ tí a mọ̀ sí Ìjọba Japan (Empire of Japan) nígbà yẹn, láti ọwọ́ àwọn òbí ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.Bàbá rẹ̀, Walter de Havilland (1872–1968), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní University of Cambridge. Ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Imperial University ní Tokyo kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London. Ó di òṣèré eré onípele, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí ó bá ọkọ rẹ̀ lọ sí Tokyo. Lẹ́yìn tí Joan àti ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀, Olivia de Havilland, di olókìkí ní ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù ní ọdún 1940 sí i, ó padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú orúkọ ìtàgé[[Lilian Fontaine]]. Arákùnrin bàbá Joan, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland (1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe ọkọ̀ òfurufú tó di olókìkí nítorí ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland Mosquito, ó sì tún dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀.Bàbá bàbá Joan, Reverend Charles Richard de Havilland, jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland láti erékùṣù [[Guernsey]] , tó wà lára àwọn Erékùṣù Channel (Channel Islands). De Havilland's parents married in 1914 and separated in 1919 when she was two; the divorce was not finalized, however, until February 1925.<ref name=bubbeo>{{cite book |last=Bubbeo |first=Daniel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&pg=PP1 |title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each |publisher=McFarland & Company |isbn=978-0-7864-1137-5 |year=2002 |page=55 |access-date=April 1, 2014}}</ref> Taking a physician's advice, Lilian de{{nbsp}}Havilland moved Joan{{nsmdns}}reportedly a sickly child who had developed [[anaemia]] following a combined attack of the [[measles]] and a [[streptococcal]] infection{{nsmdns}}and her sister to the United States.<ref>Fontaine 1978, p. 19.</ref><ref name=bubbeo/> The family settled in [[Saratoga, California]], and Fontaine's health improved dramatically during her teen years. She was educated at nearby [[Los Gatos High School]] and was soon taking [[diction]] lessons alongside Olivia. When she was 16 years old, Joan returned to Japan to live with her father. There she attended the [[American School in Japan]], graduating in 1935.<ref>[http://community.asij.ac.jp/Page.aspx?pid=464 "Prominent Alumni."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303053437/http://community.asij.ac.jp/Page.aspx?pid=464 |date=March 3, 2012}} ''The American School in Japan.'' Retrieved October 6, 2011.</ref> ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] oun719xw2whjz7vtu2tapovw2lpkt12 624898 624897 2026-07-02T07:31:14Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. Ní ọdún 1978, ó tẹ ìwé ìrántí ara rẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú àkọlé No Bed of Roses. Ó sì tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré títí di ọdún 1994.Àmì ẹ̀yẹ [[Academy Awards]] tí ó gba fún Suspicion jẹ́ kó di òṣèré obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tó ti gba Ẹ̀bùn Oscar fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré nínú fíìmù tí Alfred Hitchcock darí.Òun àti ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀, [[Olivia de Havilland]] , ṣì jẹ́ àwọn arábìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards fún ipa àkọ́kọ́ (lead acting). == ìgbé ayé re== [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|left|thumb|upright|Fontaine with sister [[Olivia de Havilland]] (center) and mother [[Lilian Fontaine]], c. 1922]] Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ 22 oṣù Kẹwàá, ọdún 1917, ní ìlú Tokyo, ní ilẹ̀ tí a mọ̀ sí Ìjọba Japan (Empire of Japan) nígbà yẹn, láti ọwọ́ àwọn òbí ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.Bàbá rẹ̀, Walter de Havilland (1872–1968), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní University of Cambridge. Ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Imperial University ní Tokyo kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London. Ó di òṣèré eré onípele, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí ó bá ọkọ rẹ̀ lọ sí Tokyo. Lẹ́yìn tí Joan àti ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀, Olivia de Havilland, di olókìkí ní ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù ní ọdún 1940 sí i, ó padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú orúkọ ìtàgé[[Lilian Fontaine]]. Arákùnrin bàbá Joan, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland (1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe ọkọ̀ òfurufú tó di olókìkí nítorí ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland Mosquito, ó sì tún dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀.Bàbá bàbá Joan, Reverend Charles Richard de Havilland, jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland láti erékùṣù [[Guernsey]] , tó wà lára àwọn Erékùṣù Channel (Channel Islands). De Havilland's parents married in 1914 and separated in 1919 when she was two; the divorce was not finalized, however, until February 1925.<ref name=bubbeo>{{cite book |last=Bubbeo |first=Daniel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&pg=PP1 |title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each |publisher=McFarland & Company |isbn=978-0-7864-1137-5 |year=2002 |page=55 |access-date=April 1, 2014}}</ref> Ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ràn dókítà kan, Lilian de Havilland kó Joan, ẹni tí ara rẹ̀ máa ń ṣàìlera, tí ó sì ní àìsàn ẹ̀jẹ̀ kéré (anaemia) lẹ́yìn tí ó ní àrùn measles àti àkóràn streptococcal papọ̀, pẹ̀lú ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀ lọ sí Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà.<ref>Fontaine 1978, p. 19.</ref><ref name=bubbeo/> The family settled in [[Saratoga, California]], and Fontaine's health improved dramatically during her teen years. She was educated at nearby [[Los Gatos High School]] and was soon taking [[diction]] lessons alongside Olivia. When she was 16 years old, Joan returned to Japan to live with her father. There she attended the [[American School in Japan]], graduating in 1935.<ref>[http://community.asij.ac.jp/Page.aspx?pid=464 "Prominent Alumni."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303053437/http://community.asij.ac.jp/Page.aspx?pid=464 |date=March 3, 2012}} ''The American School in Japan.'' Retrieved October 6, 2011.</ref> ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 2a3oeluqrocpd5hf0vbcykah0pefh5n 624899 624898 2026-07-02T07:32:35Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British-American actress (1917–2013)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | name = Joan Fontaine | image = Joan Fontaine in 1943.jpg | caption = Fontaine in 1943 | birth_name = Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Havilland | birth_date = {{birth date|1917|10|22}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|12|15|1917|10|22}} | death_place = [[Carmel Highlands, California]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Joan Burfield}} | citizenship = {{plainlist| * United Kingdom * United States (from 1943){{sfn|Weatherford|2009|p=302}} }} | alma_mater = [[American School in Japan]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1935–1994 | political_party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Brian Aherne]]|1939|1945|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[William Dozier]]|1946|1951|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|[[Collier Young]]|1952|1961|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|Alfred Wright Jr.|1964|1969|reason=divorced}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Olivia de Havilland]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] (1941) }} '''Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland''' tí wọn bí ní Ọjọ́ eejilélógún oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917 – Ọjọ́ àrùnlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2013),ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí '''Joan Fontaine''' nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Amẹ́ríkà. Ó gbajúgbajà jùlọ fún àwọn ipa tí ó ṣe nínú àwọn fíìmù Hollywood ní àkókò tí a mọ̀ sí Àkókò Wúrà ti Hollywood (Golden Age of Hollywood).Fontaine kópa nínú fíìmù tó ju mẹ́rìnlélógójì (45) lọ ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, tí ó gba àkókò tó lé ní ọdún márùndínlọ́gọ́ta (50).Ó jẹ́ àbúrò òṣèré [[Olivia de Havilland]].ìforígbárí tó wà láàárín àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì yìí jẹ́ ohun tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ lọ́pọ̀lọpọ̀ ní àkókò tí Fontaine wà ní góńgó iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀. Fontaine bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935,nígbà tí ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ilé-iṣẹ́ RKO Pictures. Ó gba àwọn ipa pàtàkì rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ nínú The Man Who Found Himself (1937) àti Gunga Din (1939).Ọ̀nà iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ ṣí sí i lẹ́yìn tí ó ṣe ipa àkọ́kọ́ nínú fíìmù Rebecca (1940), tí [[Alfred Hitchcock]] darí.Fíìmù yẹn ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìyànjú mẹ́ta fún [[Academy Award]] for Best Actress. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù Hitchcock Suspicion (1941). Ó tún gbà ìyànjú kẹta fún The Constant Nymph (1943).Ní gbogbo ọdún 1940 sí i, Fontaine ṣe púpọ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù eré(drama), títí kan Letter from an Unknown Woman àti fíìmù apanilẹ́rìn-ín You Gotta Stay Happy (wọ́n méjèèjì jáde ní 1948).Òun àti ọkọ rẹ̀ kejì, William Dozier, ló ṣejádù fíìmù You Gotta Stay Happy nípasẹ̀ ilé-iṣẹ́ wọn, Rampart Productions.Ní ọdún mẹ́wàá tó tẹ̀lé, lẹ́yìn ipa rẹ̀ nínú Ivanhoe (1952), iṣẹ́ òṣèré fíìmù rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í dín kù, ó sì yí padà sí eré onípele, rédíò àti tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1960 sí i, ó ṣe díẹ̀ nínú àwọn fíìmù, títí kan Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961). Ipa fíìmù rẹ̀ tó gbẹ̀yìn ni nínú The Witches (1966), tí a tún mọ̀ sí The Devil's Own. Ní ọdún 1978, ó tẹ ìwé ìrántí ara rẹ̀ jáde pẹ̀lú àkọlé No Bed of Roses. Ó sì tẹ̀síwájú nínú iṣẹ́ òṣèré títí di ọdún 1994.Àmì ẹ̀yẹ [[Academy Awards]] tí ó gba fún Suspicion jẹ́ kó di òṣèré obìnrin kan ṣoṣo tó ti gba Ẹ̀bùn Oscar fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré nínú fíìmù tí Alfred Hitchcock darí.Òun àti ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀, [[Olivia de Havilland]] , ṣì jẹ́ àwọn arábìnrin kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards fún ipa àkọ́kọ́ (lead acting). == ìgbé ayé re== [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|left|thumb|upright|Fontaine with sister [[Olivia de Havilland]] (center) and mother [[Lilian Fontaine]], c. 1922]] Joan de Beauvoir de{{nbsp}}Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ 22 oṣù Kẹwàá, ọdún 1917, ní ìlú Tokyo, ní ilẹ̀ tí a mọ̀ sí Ìjọba Japan (Empire of Japan) nígbà yẹn, láti ọwọ́ àwọn òbí ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.Bàbá rẹ̀, Walter de Havilland (1872–1968), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní University of Cambridge. Ó ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Imperial University ní Tokyo kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London. Ó di òṣèré eré onípele, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí ó bá ọkọ rẹ̀ lọ sí Tokyo. Lẹ́yìn tí Joan àti ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀, Olivia de Havilland, di olókìkí ní ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù ní ọdún 1940 sí i, ó padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú orúkọ ìtàgé[[Lilian Fontaine]]. Arákùnrin bàbá Joan, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland (1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe ọkọ̀ òfurufú tó di olókìkí nítorí ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland Mosquito, ó sì tún dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀.Bàbá bàbá Joan, Reverend Charles Richard de Havilland, jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland láti erékùṣù [[Guernsey]] , tó wà lára àwọn Erékùṣù Channel (Channel Islands). De Havilland's parents married in 1914 and separated in 1919 when she was two; the divorce was not finalized, however, until February 1925.<ref name=bubbeo>{{cite book |last=Bubbeo |first=Daniel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&pg=PP1 |title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each |publisher=McFarland & Company |isbn=978-0-7864-1137-5 |year=2002 |page=55 |access-date=April 1, 2014}}</ref> Ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ìmọ̀ràn dókítà kan, Lilian de Havilland kó Joan, ẹni tí ara rẹ̀ máa ń ṣàìlera, tí ó sì ní àìsàn ẹ̀jẹ̀ kéré (anaemia) lẹ́yìn tí ó ní àrùn measles àti àkóràn streptococcal papọ̀, pẹ̀lú ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀ lọ sí Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà.<ref>Fontaine 1978, p. 19.</ref><ref name=bubbeo/> Ìdílé náà gbé kalẹ̀ ní Saratoga, ìlera Fontaine sì sunwọ̀n sí i gan-an nígbà tó wà ní ọjọ́-ori ọdọ́ rẹ̀. Ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School) tó wà nítòsí, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gba ẹ̀kọ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ tó péye (diction) pẹ̀lú ẹ̀gbọ́n rẹ̀, Olivia de Havilland. Nígbà tí ó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún (16), Joan padà sí Japan láti lọ gbé pẹ̀lú bàbá rẹ̀. Níbẹ̀, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní American School in Japan, ó sì parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1935.<ref>[http://community.asij.ac.jp/Page.aspx?pid=464 "Prominent Alumni."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303053437/http://community.asij.ac.jp/Page.aspx?pid=464 |date=March 3, 2012}} ''The American School in Japan.'' Retrieved October 6, 2011.</ref> ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] oyuwa101jq729vta65d7229mgjpugg3 0 35893 624546 624513 2026-07-01T14:51:24Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ */ 624546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún [[Joan Fontaine]]{{nsmdns}}was born on October 22, 1917, when Olivia was 15{{nbsp}}months old. Both sisters became [[British subject]]s automatically by [[Jus sanguinis|birthright]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} In February 1919, Lilian persuaded her husband to take the family back to Britain as its climate was better suited to their ailing daughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} They sailed aboard the SS ''Siberia Maru'' to [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] aslzjdwehskl16favofa8vqp2ydyd72 624547 624546 2026-07-01T14:51:48Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó [[Joan Fontaine]]{{nsmdns}}was born on October 22, 1917, when Olivia was 15{{nbsp}}months old. Both sisters became [[British subject]]s automatically by [[Jus sanguinis|birthright]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} In February 1919, Lilian persuaded her husband to take the family back to Britain as its climate was better suited to their ailing daughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} They sailed aboard the SS ''Siberia Maru'' to [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] er47hdaohnhp6b75gbhgwe1hgu336vj 624548 624547 2026-07-01T14:52:22Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí [[Joan Fontaine]]{{nsmdns}}was born on October 22, 1917, when Olivia was 15{{nbsp}}months old. Both sisters became [[British subject]]s automatically by [[Jus sanguinis|birthright]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} In February 1919, Lilian persuaded her husband to take the family back to Britain as its climate was better suited to their ailing daughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} They sailed aboard the SS ''Siberia Maru'' to [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] s0a6ugytjooi9s8kekkedue9ysqfcfs 624549 624548 2026-07-01T14:53:45Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.[[Joan Fontaine]]{{nsmdns}}was born on October 22, 1917, when Olivia was 15{{nbsp}}months old. Both sisters became [[British subject]]s automatically by [[Jus sanguinis|birthright]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} In February 1919, Lilian persuaded her husband to take the family back to Britain as its climate was better suited to their ailing daughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} They sailed aboard the SS ''Siberia Maru'' to [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] t5p4ce7gm6xywxccn12webjpll9xzgt 624550 624549 2026-07-01T14:54:13Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù [[Joan Fontaine]]{{nsmdns}}was born on October 22, 1917, when Olivia was 15{{nbsp}}months old. Both sisters became [[British subject]]s automatically by [[Jus sanguinis|birthright]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} In February 1919, Lilian persuaded her husband to take the family back to Britain as its climate was better suited to their ailing daughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} They sailed aboard the SS ''Siberia Maru'' to [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] cg4tln33p4p852djj6usrixu7z0q144 624551 624550 2026-07-01T14:54:34Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé [[Joan Fontaine]]{{nsmdns}}was born on October 22, 1917, when Olivia was 15{{nbsp}}months old. Both sisters became [[British subject]]s automatically by [[Jus sanguinis|birthright]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} In February 1919, Lilian persuaded her husband to take the family back to Britain as its climate was better suited to their ailing daughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} They sailed aboard the SS ''Siberia Maru'' to [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] kh75j49h2bbm1v7c0zioa80yg6zu0no 624552 624551 2026-07-01T14:54:55Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn [[Joan Fontaine]]{{nsmdns}}was born on October 22, 1917, when Olivia was 15{{nbsp}}months old. Both sisters became [[British subject]]s automatically by [[Jus sanguinis|birthright]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} In February 1919, Lilian persuaded her husband to take the family back to Britain as its climate was better suited to their ailing daughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} They sailed aboard the SS ''Siberia Maru'' to [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] h2xb9tgkb068hfliuk3ivpmfwk53exj 624553 624552 2026-07-01T14:56:01Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.[[Joan Fontaine]]{{nsmdns}}was born on October 22, 1917, when Olivia was 15{{nbsp}}months old. Both sisters became [[British subject]]s automatically by [[Jus sanguinis|birthright]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} In February 1919, Lilian persuaded her husband to take the family back to Britain as its climate was better suited to their ailing daughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} They sailed aboard the SS ''Siberia Maru'' to [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] g6mv4t16y6xk9f0k47cdinxnfm3vz05 624554 624553 2026-07-01T14:56:26Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de [[Joan Fontaine]]{{nsmdns}}was born on October 22, 1917, when Olivia was 15{{nbsp}}months old. Both sisters became [[British subject]]s automatically by [[Jus sanguinis|birthright]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} In February 1919, Lilian persuaded her husband to take the family back to Britain as its climate was better suited to their ailing daughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} They sailed aboard the SS ''Siberia Maru'' to [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 5n0mrs9fd056fg1jxfr165lg8notow3 624555 624554 2026-07-01T14:56:50Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]]{{nsmdns}}was born on October 22, 1917, when Olivia was 15{{nbsp}}months old. Both sisters became [[British subject]]s automatically by [[Jus sanguinis|birthright]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} In February 1919, Lilian persuaded her husband to take the family back to Britain as its climate was better suited to their ailing daughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} They sailed aboard the SS ''Siberia Maru'' to [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 1i419ikyczetrwdyfeickowr76zqlws 624556 624555 2026-07-01T14:57:42Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ 22 oṣù Kẹwàá, ọdún 1917, [[Joan Fontaine]]{{nsmdns}}was born on October 22, 1917, when Olivia was 15{{nbsp}}months old. Both sisters became [[British subject]]s automatically by [[Jus sanguinis|birthright]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} In February 1919, Lilian persuaded her husband to take the family back to Britain as its climate was better suited to their ailing daughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} They sailed aboard the SS ''Siberia Maru'' to [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] ipsbpkpkw19rz52d19y8e1gozas8k6t 624557 624556 2026-07-01T14:59:21Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917, In February 1919, Lilian persuaded her husband to take the family back to Britain as its climate was better suited to their ailing daughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} They sailed aboard the SS ''Siberia Maru'' to [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] myzq1j3ano4687owuuztkdv8kedjxy0 624558 624557 2026-07-01T15:00:05Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ */ 624558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré. In February 1919, Lilian persuaded her husband to take the family back to Britain as its climate was better suited to their ailing daughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} They sailed aboard the SS ''Siberia Maru'' to [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] sc9zjfxu6ajtgo9ouesfq7z32hoi635 624559 624558 2026-07-01T15:00:38Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ */ 624559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ In February 1919, Lilian persuaded her husband to take the family back to Britain as its climate was better suited to their ailing daughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} They sailed aboard the SS ''Siberia Maru'' to [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] flfqts06g1c9zk7dern61hzrbw1gc16 624560 624559 2026-07-01T15:01:43Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti In February 1919, Lilian persuaded her husband to take the family back to Britain as its climate was better suited to their ailing daughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} They sailed aboard the SS ''Siberia Maru'' to [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] e3rxcywebe2u4jvr2gdi1j0tyopvvgq 624561 624560 2026-07-01T15:02:51Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ */ 624561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. In February 1919, Lilian persuaded her husband to take the family back to Britain as its climate was better suited to their ailing daughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} They sailed aboard the SS ''Siberia Maru'' to [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 9srl9lk37o0awcvtcl64d4o2x4vjzis 624562 624561 2026-07-01T15:05:10Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} They sailed aboard the SS ''Siberia Maru'' to [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] klg6xh78lxvh4twm3qsya0ad6it3vu6 624563 624562 2026-07-01T15:05:31Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} They sailed aboard the SS ''Siberia Maru'' to [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] gq7lmzjbh7oaux5qxeyibrzbymoulhi 624564 624563 2026-07-01T15:05:59Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} They sailed aboard the SS ''Siberia Maru'' to [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] ce8g3ahhhpoa8kvyq73gs20xova5i9x 624565 624564 2026-07-01T15:06:27Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} They sailed aboard the SS ''Siberia Maru'' to [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 1kj7d9hrz9tr57j5b294mxqbbstn7cy 624566 624565 2026-07-01T15:07:32Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 3jtgp1nd4s6mnhp1cofcu5rcruiakid 624567 624566 2026-07-01T15:08:15Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} where the family stopped to treat Olivia's [[tonsillitis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1pp=22–23|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=2}} Joan developed [[pneumonia]], so Lilian decided to remain with her daughters in California, and they eventually settled in the village of [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} south of San Francisco.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}}{{#tag:ref|After living in an apartment near [[Golden Gate Park]] while the sisters were being treated, the family moved to [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and stayed at the [[Hotel Vendome (San Jose, California)|Hotel Vendome]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=18, 23}} Soon after, they moved to the foothills of the [[Santa Cruz Mountains]], where they stayed at a boarding house called Lundblad's Lodge on Oak Street owned by a Swedish family.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=25}}|group=Note}} Walter abandoned the family and returned to his Japanese housekeeper, who eventually became his second wife.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=23}} [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] m69h0b4dnw2k8bi95ubxlllazraccb0 624568 624567 2026-07-01T15:11:42Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] lieppmbdzgz4ft5y6iu8w8dt4awu4xs 624569 624568 2026-07-01T15:12:01Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 4tzam8zrdqwnuvs1ebqv80mc3gozw9z 624570 624569 2026-07-01T15:12:20Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ */ 624570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] crbuawm9budhokvz18nopfg7qszf7co 624571 624570 2026-07-01T15:12:51Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 1dskozdytopgvm882oqcpgcrk39069d 624572 624571 2026-07-01T15:13:20Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] ry7rlayab6272dc0a95j1dhkrad40v7 624573 624572 2026-07-01T15:13:57Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] d7k1axsti7200zywjn3gw2mwka9avc1 624574 624573 2026-07-01T15:14:25Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 7jfe56m8yr17it9utj20se58udwwpa8 624575 624574 2026-07-01T15:14:46Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] aa0nn9n5whe2e66b820b0cvnuliqucr 624576 624575 2026-07-01T15:15:04Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 6z7vb1yq48aogs6znhzvbcfsufpgpeh 624577 624576 2026-07-01T15:15:22Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia was raised to appreciate the arts, beginning with ballet lessons at the age of four and piano lessons a year later.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} She learned to read before she was six,{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=27}} and her mother, who occasionally taught drama, music, and [[elocution]],{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=21–22}} had her recite passages from [[Shakespeare]] to strengthen her [[diction]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}}{{#tag:ref|Olivia was named after a [[Olivia (Twelfth Night)|character]] in ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=17}}|group=Note}} During this period, Olivia's sister first started calling her "Livvie", a nickname that lasted throughout her life.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland entered Saratoga Grammar School in 1922 and did well in her studies.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> She enjoyed reading, writing poetry, and drawing, and once represented her grammar school in a county [[spelling bee]], finishing in second place.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> Lilian had a new [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor]]-style house built in 1923,<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> and the family resided there until the early 1930s.{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1pp=23, 32|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=23}} In April 1925, after her divorce was finalized, Lilian married George Milan Fontaine, a department store manager for [[Hale Bros.|O.{{nbsp}}A.{{nbsp}}Hale & Co.]] in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] ovl2dmapqkf7kb45ds0puhb5k2z1fk4 624578 624577 2026-07-01T15:20:46Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624578 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] hvqrplsceo0dbh69xcfed6x768xb3ub 624579 624578 2026-07-01T15:21:05Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 6jfwgh4n4p8y18bb5g2txrcoihq80h6 624580 624579 2026-07-01T15:21:27Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 3izrk76we3v1udvsp0ara4u2kvp4eua 624581 624580 2026-07-01T15:21:48Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 3xso7526o1c7o1cy8ejsiwt5tkegjlf 624582 624581 2026-07-01T15:22:13Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.[[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 0b11c027wpdxuxi4toz8sxayo1zqhjm 624583 624582 2026-07-01T15:22:45Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] g7ey9ij2135x4izukzo8vyr1pqm01bw 624584 624583 2026-07-01T15:23:07Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] i1l4ly5pkjbptfylxzoeoiurlrx7kzj 624585 624584 2026-07-01T15:23:24Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 2l11a7i2dtxh06x3t4gozvdehmzsoig 624586 624585 2026-07-01T15:23:42Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 9l3ai7j4jd53nxibs331wjn64skdchl 624587 624586 2026-07-01T15:24:09Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 90ahzpdk6s2d5peedmxhlcdio3hn6d0 624588 624587 2026-07-01T15:24:37Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.[[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 20z9y1mut2c4dzadxsjdv18rmqifjvz 624589 624588 2026-07-01T15:24:59Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 77wqtfh12t9lcx6kogpwrrg9fxqal1t 624590 624589 2026-07-01T15:25:45Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ */ 624590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] q6qtynuxdcck9qwss7p5t0tp0bacw7s 624591 624590 2026-07-01T15:26:02Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 9rupsqs4wijqol6yky2f6z7q11acj1x 624592 624591 2026-07-01T15:26:25Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 54qiw8pwi3xlggxwq6hqwbdbrkqm24x 624593 624592 2026-07-01T15:26:46Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.[[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 05duel4n73slcm7bouzi53imtzwsxgf 624594 624593 2026-07-01T15:27:13Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] ttc2os6vtgkib65gfulpmtvfpazk1ln 624595 624594 2026-07-01T15:27:29Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 7wh0h4oqe4376iu20gq9gcmrgces8oa 624596 624595 2026-07-01T15:27:51Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 5wi8pyhkes5nuekzsl54drri442k5dv 624597 624596 2026-07-01T15:28:21Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 4xd3eona6grznj7xbn52pv4d18umihc 624598 624597 2026-07-01T15:28:47Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine was a respectable businessman and a good provider, but his strict parenting style generated animosity and later rebellion in both of his new stepdaughters.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] r0ytkul9y1n62mzi1ibvpneiipazl0z 624599 624598 2026-07-01T15:30:47Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] hbehv29hrjsyepvgbc3fw0dgoat2f6c 624600 624599 2026-07-01T15:31:37Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] csquqev60tkulhtwct8j86a3lp624em 624601 624600 2026-07-01T15:32:01Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] cs4cx0r7bntpwn0xce5fi4jij3sw881 624602 624601 2026-07-01T15:32:24Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] dr2bzxb7g9qbvq0u9v6tyiylcas0ntz 624603 624602 2026-07-01T15:32:49Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 8992wywwliuqxknj8hjfv2gtlq6auqp 624604 624603 2026-07-01T15:33:56Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures ni Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] og5zwow1it73ehd79m4o77gm0uiigtw 624605 624604 2026-07-01T15:35:35Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}Havilland continued her education at [[Los Gatos High School]] near her home in Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures ni Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] rmg2r1djkidxgixygrcu6s2s9fphg0o 624606 624605 2026-07-01T15:37:51Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures ni Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] ga8biu4clsse6v1hhzlftppi14em0no 624607 624606 2026-07-01T15:38:16Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures ni Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 8pbyq4i29jhz8zd2jcboqci9h7hk3b3 624608 624607 2026-07-01T15:38:37Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures ni Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] qw343vceala4c073wyt5q9hpaokwjaz 624609 624608 2026-07-01T15:40:31Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} There she excelled in [[Public speaking|oratory]] and [[field hockey]] and participated in school plays and the school drama club, eventually becoming the club's secretary.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures ni Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] rtifukxp904w3cwaaclsr6uozpnvtql 624610 624609 2026-07-01T15:41:53Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures ni Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] hxo6enhg0bru5letkvgqsdqdcr1rlzm 624611 624610 2026-07-01T15:42:28Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures ni Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] f1okmfs5swm32vnm4l7fpvpe2hczio8 624612 624611 2026-07-01T15:42:49Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures ni Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] nuwikokr3b1jw8anoc8mnfzd8xw8yu5 624613 624612 2026-07-01T15:43:21Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures ni Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] f2k32yh4d6nzfe358ih76gz0od12f4k 624614 624613 2026-07-01T15:43:39Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} With plans of becoming a schoolteacher in English and speech,{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures ni Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 2porhbca2n9sy0681bk6tueki5i1lsg 624615 624614 2026-07-01T15:45:31Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} she also attended [[Notre Dame High School (Belmont, California)|Notre Dame Convent]] in [[Belmont, California|Belmont]].{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures ni Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 6v6sby3mmhd2blopoa00omg3o789lkt 624616 624615 2026-07-01T15:47:04Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé de Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures ni Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] fjrdcjrwrvjx62pxyrwcatz6ejnzjni 624617 624616 2026-07-01T15:50:54Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ */ 624617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} In 1933, a teenaged de{{nbsp}}Havilland made her amateur theater debut in ''[[Alice's Adventures ni Wonderland|Alice in Wonderland]]'', a production of the Saratoga Community Players based on the novel by [[Lewis Carroll]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] lxb3jee11r0l4neihnswie6f8rai660 624618 624617 2026-07-01T15:55:12Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] klwqlq7hvrnsfsmk0w6qraigcb399ai 624619 624618 2026-07-01T15:55:41Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ */ 624619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] j40ql908yb5anjlx89neywk7wzcfkvj 624620 624619 2026-07-01T15:55:59Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] kp4hv9lopj8o01exvjmhgg9lgcpz6b1 624621 624620 2026-07-01T15:56:17Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] qrgdvra8ce4nh51vm7m25hny6p40dr7 624622 624621 2026-07-01T15:57:04Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] obtxl7sms647ufnf4tw5fw7jjb850s1 624623 624622 2026-07-01T15:57:27Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} She appeared in several school plays, including ''[[The Merchant of Venice]]'' and ''[[Hansel and Gretel]]''.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 4m2smc59uamfm2mfg5dahx8c5j4hj61 624624 624623 2026-07-01T15:58:32Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan {{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] sffzq3iwxtdat7ngs3fpoyf35fla009 624625 624624 2026-07-01T15:58:50Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Her passion for drama eventually led to a confrontation with her stepfather, who forbade her from participating in further extracurricular activities.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] ri47kk2augdj9yxds2ipkce3hlrz9k2 624626 624625 2026-07-01T16:00:46Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé {{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] kie1w89c9h9upgtxlczlq6so2u4den1 624627 624626 2026-07-01T16:01:43Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè {{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 356vycjl3nq469wzj0iwbam7ns6dy02 624628 624627 2026-07-01T16:02:13Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ {{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] ngbdnfpsf6rc3kh0mcwmvelvxyhkfzn 624629 624628 2026-07-01T16:02:34Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} When he learned that she had won the lead role of [[Elizabeth Bennet]] in a school fund-raising production of [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] n19c7jxpjzbt3cp2hvaqtiwh9tpdik7 624630 624629 2026-07-01T16:04:27Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 5q7d05tgu6uu1raq73hfvievvg8n5o9 624631 624630 2026-07-01T16:04:48Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] qhplla9cex3s1fkc0kjmo0si0w3msk1 624632 624631 2026-07-01T16:05:19Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] hz7wx7rtog2wu2cg881il9v6b91luc8 624633 624632 2026-07-01T16:05:54Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'', he told her that she had to choose between staying at home or appearing in the production and not being allowed home.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 1kye7ggi7ad974x0aoh439w5qyzls70 624634 624633 2026-07-01T16:07:02Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó {{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] s9mnrzwda05t0kj7q09ocdd3ev03d84 624635 624634 2026-07-01T16:07:17Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú {{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] er8qk5ibhjb017ya6q5ov6po1f3navv 624636 624635 2026-07-01T16:07:51Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú {{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] crvrlw6qdtcbbbxrmor333zy9ecutzv 624637 624636 2026-07-01T16:08:10Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré {{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 9ls7wns7b7ah3955lpjcccg9qsikdub 624638 624637 2026-07-01T16:08:28Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí {{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] esncs94hs6smleqe09bek63rbm29tnx 624639 624638 2026-07-01T16:08:56Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Not wanting to let her school and classmates down, she left home and moved in with a family friend.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 914heixaxg4u2df0ix9dn9akodqzrze 624640 624639 2026-07-01T16:09:49Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì {{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] j1dmllboz6ukqekx55b4n74kh6ccgua 624641 624640 2026-07-01T16:10:21Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí {{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] c3s2y4t8mecxk9geqhqnl3vebp842uw 624642 624641 2026-07-01T16:10:45Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} After graduating from high school in 1934, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was offered a scholarship to [[Mills College]] in [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] r0qcun0fbscn3094hvlen2ww7kyw7et 624643 624642 2026-07-01T16:12:07Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún [[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] iz1y3vhn4cpwxxnshczlggbhfl9exvp 624644 624643 2026-07-01T16:12:33Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní[[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 526gfpqu7u854n0p98x8dfom7xpvbtn 624645 624644 2026-07-01T16:13:05Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] to pursue her chosen career as an English teacher.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] hooohazg5kbgral25vu816yxvydln0b 624646 624645 2026-07-01T16:13:30Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] d5op70sz2ajmjtrn1z8bk2783wqasae 624647 624646 2026-07-01T16:13:47Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} During the tour, Reinhardt received word that he was to direct the [[Warner Bros.]] film version of his stage production, and he offered de{{nbsp}}Havilland the film role of Hermia. She initially wavered, with her mind still set on becoming a teacher, but Reinhardt and executive producer [[Henry Blanke]] eventually persuaded her to sign a five-year contract with Warner Bros. on November 12, 1934, with a starting salary of $200 a week ({{Inflation|US|200|1934|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), marking the beginning of a professional acting career that would span more than 50{{nbsp}}years.{{sfnm|1a1=Thomas|1y=1983|1p=28|2a1=Matzen|2y=2010|2p=11}} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] ftycpgv1lc4suj8xcp3v0kpt5g4v4vp 624648 624647 2026-07-01T16:16:00Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 36psrdkgreob1szfl24pvu7sknzovyq 624649 624648 2026-07-01T16:16:14Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] s8euzsettdk64pvuu2gw8wgop0oc251 624650 624649 2026-07-01T16:16:29Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] n7o5rev7ekxq65rcosf4ywdee1nkh2i 624651 624650 2026-07-01T16:16:45Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà. ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] fm77ccner4zcbb6n5gvchm36hucij2p 624652 624651 2026-07-01T16:17:04Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] f1umgyzsgojm5279qikrswfyr9eyu23 624653 624652 2026-07-01T16:17:27Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ */ 624653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù, ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] a8z6jshxdtgc9ktu9e8h95fz2kg61y6 624654 624653 2026-07-01T16:17:38Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] brp81y97jh9rnao78tde03ujopc1pr8 624655 624654 2026-07-01T16:17:55Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] mpto51noy8gq3qd4vx65kkc2q8qo0qm 624656 624655 2026-07-01T16:18:12Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] h9mmxyv19n314guab2r4m4szgpbugfg 624657 624656 2026-07-01T16:18:31Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] iv9hlndxqmcddqu7zg1zgeuarxvhnl5 624658 624657 2026-07-01T16:20:14Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One week before the premiere, the understudy [[Jean Rouverol]] and the lead actress [[Gloria Stuart]] both left the project, leaving 18-year-old de{{nbsp}}Havilland to play Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] dm1cyx2gp4hjoks30ke9u4h3qx88nkf 624659 624658 2026-07-01T16:21:33Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] p0mled7fkyl68ccfd4dpw6domxqi3j5 624660 624659 2026-07-01T16:21:52Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] cx6zab6c6p9oo8qauq9xtt8x8dgkl6i 624661 624660 2026-07-01T16:22:09Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] mgbkdnp6adnvlyyoz63l9xf9xvorap1 624662 624661 2026-07-01T16:22:34Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] ohnsjcx7g8309ci86w4i7cav6o38g65 624663 624662 2026-07-01T16:23:41Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} One of Reinhardt's assistants saw de{{nbsp}}Havilland performing in Saratoga, and he offered her the second [[understudy]] position for the role of [[Hermia]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] bxhne19qplgjf53k15gvkg57vsh2zho 624664 624663 2026-07-01T16:24:38Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ Reinhardt rí de {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] tq23fdaacdx237h2ur4qvems5134ypu 624665 624664 2026-07-01T16:25:04Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ Reinhardt rí de Havilland nígbà tó ń ṣe eré onípele ní Saratoga, ó {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] lwj7s2w95il7oyi3wjoyadp1kze4mqs 624666 624665 2026-07-01T16:25:39Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} That summer, Austrian director [[Max Reinhardt]] came to California for a major new production of the same play due to premiere at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ Reinhardt rí de Havilland nígbà tó ń ṣe eré onípele ní Saratoga, ó sì fún un ní ipò òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn kejì (second {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] ocgpzzb3qdrc47650bh0709zpva29xj 624667 624666 2026-07-01T16:26:21Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} She was also offered the role of [[Puck (A Midsummer Night's Dream)|Puck]] in the Saratoga Community Theater production of Shakespeare's ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ Reinhardt rí de Havilland nígbà tó ń ṣe eré onípele ní Saratoga, ó sì fún un ní ipò òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn kejì (second understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 8tthp8ynl88emryi3duklthtxlgxcna 624668 624667 2026-07-01T16:27:57Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Wọ́n tún fún un ní ànfàní láti ṣe ipa Puck nínú eré {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ Reinhardt rí de Havilland nígbà tó ń ṣe eré onípele ní Saratoga, ó sì fún un ní ipò òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn kejì (second understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] ak8n3hx3eeh3eer7zyvqq9reju5vk57 624669 624668 2026-07-01T16:28:23Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Wọ́n tún fún un ní ànfàní láti ṣe ipa Puck nínú eré onípele A Midsummer Night's Dream tí William {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ Reinhardt rí de Havilland nígbà tó ń ṣe eré onípele ní Saratoga, ó sì fún un ní ipò òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn kejì (second understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] cruom5pvjxl3taq9vwxxnv6wr4fx2az 624670 624669 2026-07-01T16:28:43Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Wọ́n tún fún un ní ànfàní láti ṣe ipa Puck nínú eré onípele A Midsummer Night's Dream tí William Shakespeare kọ, tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ Reinhardt rí de Havilland nígbà tó ń ṣe eré onípele ní Saratoga, ó sì fún un ní ipò òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn kejì (second understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 1ezwl0obeut5qhkiil4t8g8ry385rdl 624671 624670 2026-07-01T16:29:03Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Wọ́n tún fún un ní ànfàní láti ṣe ipa Puck nínú eré onípele A Midsummer Night's Dream tí William Shakespeare kọ, tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Theater ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ Reinhardt rí de Havilland nígbà tó ń ṣe eré onípele ní Saratoga, ó sì fún un ní ipò òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn kejì (second understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 0y2t3dnw7w3b3mcudduv0qkeo0qmb2e 624809 624671 2026-07-01T20:51:39Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ */ 624809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Wọ́n tún fún un ní ànfàní láti ṣe ipa Puck nínú eré onípele A Midsummer Night's Dream tí William Shakespeare kọ, tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Theater ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ Reinhardt rí de Havilland nígbà tó ń ṣe eré onípele ní Saratoga, ó sì fún un ní ipò òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn kejì (second understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. ==Personal life== ===Relationships=== Although known as one of Hollywood's most exciting on-screen couples,<ref name="tcm-bio"/> de{{nbsp}}Havilland and [[Errol Flynn]] were never involved in a romantic relationship.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/> Upon first meeting her at Warner Bros. in August 1935, 26-year-old Flynn was drawn to the 19-year-old actress with "warm brown eyes" and "extraordinary charm".{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} In turn, de{{nbsp}}Havilland fell in love with him,<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|In 2009, de{{nbsp}}Havilland said, "Yes, we did fall in love and I believe that this is evident in the screen chemistry between us. But his circumstances at the time prevented the relationship going further. I have not talked about it a great deal, but the relationship was not consummated. Chemistry was there, though. It was there."<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>|group=Note}} but kept her feelings to herself. Flynn later wrote, "By the time we made ''The Charge of the Light Brigade'', I was sure that I was in love with her."{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} Flynn finally professed his love on March 12, 1937, at the [[coronation of George VI|coronation ball]] for King [[George VI]] at the [[Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)|Ambassador Hotel]] in Los Angeles, where they [[slow dance]]d together to "[[Sweet Leilani]]" at the hotel's Coconut Grove nightclub.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=52–53}} "I was deeply affected by him," she later remembered, "It was impossible for me not to be."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} The evening ended on a sobering note, with de{{nbsp}}Havilland insisting that despite his separation from his wife [[Lili Damita]], he needed to divorce her before their relationship could proceed.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} Flynn reunited with his wife later that year,{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=65–66}} and de{{nbsp}}Havilland never acted on her feelings for Flynn.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|During the making of ''Robin Hood'' in November 1937, de Havilland decided to tease Flynn who was being watched closely on the set by his wife. In 2005, de Havilland said, "And so we had one kissing scene, which I looked forward to with great delight. I remember I blew every take, at least six in a row, maybe seven, maybe eight, and we had to kiss all over again. And Errol Flynn got really rather uncomfortable, and he had, if I may say so, a little trouble with his tights."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}}|group=Note}} In July 1938, de{{nbsp}}Havilland began dating business tycoon, aviator, and filmmaker [[Howard Hughes]],{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} who had just completed his record-setting flight around the world in 91 hours.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In addition to escorting her about town, he gave the actress her first flying lessons.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} She later said, "He was a rather shy man ... and yet, in a whole community where the men every day played heroes on the screen and didn't do anything heroic in life, here was this man who was a real hero."<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In December 1939, she began a romantic relationship with actor [[James Stewart]]. At the request of [[Irene Mayer Selznick]], the actor's agent asked Stewart to escort de{{nbsp}}Havilland to the New York premiere of ''Gone with the Wind'' at the Astor Theater on December 19, 1939. Over the next few days, Stewart took her to the theater several times and to the [[21 Club]].{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=137}} They continued to see each other back in Los Angeles, where Stewart provided occasional flying lessons and romance.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} According to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, Stewart proposed marriage to her in 1940, but she felt that he was not ready to settle down.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} Their relationship ended in late 1941 when de{{nbsp}}Havilland began a romantic relationship with film director [[John Huston]] while making ''In This Our Life''.{{sfnm|1a1=Fishgall|1y=1997|1p=148|2a1=Meyers|2y=2011|2p=85}} "John was a very great love of mine", she later said, "He was a man I wanted to marry."{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=87}}{{#tag:ref|On April 29, 1945, at the home of producer David O. Selznick, Huston, who knew about de Havilland's three-year crush on Flynn, confronted the Australian actor{{nsmdns}}who suffered from tuberculosis{{nsmdns}}about his not serving in the military during the war.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}} When Flynn responded by alluding to his former "relationship" with de Havilland, Huston initiated an extended fistfight with the expert amateur boxer which landed them both in the hospital.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}}|group=Note}} ===Marriages and children=== [[File:Olivia de Havilland with son Benjamin c. 1952.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Smiling while holding her son in her arms|With her son, Benjamin, {{circa|1952}}]] On August 26, 1946, she married [[Marcus Goodrich]], a U.S. Navy veteran, journalist, and author of the novel ''Delilah'' (1941).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=38}} De Havilland filed for divorce in 1952, writing in her suit that Goodrich had "pursued a course of cruel treatment" and had "wrongfully inflicted upon her grievous physical and mental suffering, all without provocation or any excuse whatsoever."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Paula |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Late "Gone with the Wind" star's husband, family had deep roots in San Antonio |url=https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Late-Gone-with-the-Wind-star-s-husband-15524513.php |access-date=March 18, 2025 |website=San Antonio Express-News}}</ref>{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=41}} They had one child, Benjamin Goodrich, who was born on September 27, 1949.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=40}} Benjamin was diagnosed with [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]] at the age of 19<ref name="tcm-bio"/> and graduated from the University of Texas. He worked as a statistical analyst for [[Lockheed Missiles and Space Company]] in [[Sunnyvale, California]], and as an international banking representative for the [[Texas Commerce Bank]] in Houston.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> He died on September 29, 1991, in Paris at the age of 42 of heart disease brought on by treatments for Hodgkin's disease, three weeks before the death of his father.<ref name="nytimes-honan"/><ref name="reel-bio"/> On April 2, 1955, de{{nbsp}}Havilland married Pierre Galante, an executive editor for the magazine ''[[Paris Match]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=41–42}} Her marriage to Galante prompted her relocation to Paris. The couple separated in 1962 for undisclosed reasons but continued to live in the same house for another six years to raise their daughter together.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}}<ref name="philly-rickey"/><ref name="people-vespa"/> Galante moved across the street and the two remained close, even after the divorce was finalized in 1979.<ref name="philly-rickey"/> She looked after him during his final bout with lung cancer prior to his death in 1998. They had one child, Gisèle Galante, who was born on July 18, 1956.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}} After studying law at the [[Paris Nanterre University]] School of Law, Gisèle worked as a journalist in France and the United States.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> From 1956, de{{nbsp}}Havilland lived in a three-story house near the Bois de Boulogne in Paris.<ref name="latimes-tartaglione"/> ===Religion and politics=== De{{nbsp}}Havilland was raised in the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]] and remained an Episcopalian throughout her life.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/>{{#tag:ref|In a 2015 interview, de Havilland stated that her religious beliefs had lapsed in her adult years, but that she regained her faith when her son was ill. Her renewed faith inspired her sister to return to the Episcopal Church.<ref name="variety-stadiem-notorious"/>|group=Note}} In the 1970s, she became one of the first women [[Reader (liturgy)|lector]]s at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]], where she was on the regular rota for Scripture readings. As recently as 2012, she was doing readings on major [[Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)|feast days]],<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> including Christmas and Easter. "It's a task I love", she once said.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In describing her preparation for her readings, she once observed, "You have to convey the deep meaning, you see, and it has to start with your own faith. But first, I always pray. I pray before I start to prepare, as well. In fact, I would always say a prayer before shooting a scene, so this is not so different, in a way."<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> De{{nbsp}}Havilland preferred to use the [[Revised English Bible]] for its poetic style.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> She raised her son Benjamin in the Episcopal Church and her daughter Gisèle in the [[Roman Catholic Church]], the faith of each child's father.{{sfn|De Havilland|1962|pp=103–104}} As a United States citizen,<ref name="cnn-facts"/> de{{nbsp}}Havilland became involved in politics as a way of exercising her civic responsibilities.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She campaigned for [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s ultimately successful reelection bid in 1944.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> After the war, she joined the [[Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions]], a national public-policy advocacy group that included [[Bette Davis]], [[Gregory Peck]], [[Groucho Marx]], and [[Humphrey Bogart]] in its Hollywood chapter.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In June 1946, she was asked to deliver speeches for the committee that, in her view, reflected the [[Communist Party USA|Communist Party]] line. The group was later alleged to be a [[communist front]] organization.{{sfn|Billingsley|1998|pp=123–124}} De Havilland removed from her speeches the material that she considered pro-communist and rewrote them to reflect Democratic president [[Harry S. Truman]]'s anti-communist platform. She later recalled, "I realized a nucleus of people was controlling the organization without a majority of the members of the board being aware of it. And I knew they had to be Communists."<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She organized a fight to regain control of the committee from its pro-Soviet leadership, but her reform efforts failed. Her resignation from the committee triggered a wave of resignations by 11 other Hollywood figures, including future president [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref name="wsj-meroney"/>{{#tag:ref|Reagan was a relatively new board member when he was invited to join 10 other film-industry colleagues, including MGM studio head [[Dore Schary]], for a meeting at de{{nbsp}}Havilland's house where he was first told that Communists were trying to gain control of the committee.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|p=112}} During the meeting, he turned to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, who was on the executive committee, and whispered, "You know, Olivia, I always thought ''you'' might be one of them." Laughing, she responded, "That's funny. I thought ''you'' were one of them." Reagan suggested they propose a resolution at the next meeting that included language reaffirmed the committee's "belief in free enterprise and the Democratic system" and repudiated "Communism as desirable for the United States"{{nsmdns}}the executive committee voted it down the following week.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|pp=112–113}} Shortly afterwards, the committee disbanded and merged with the [[National Citizens PAC]] to form the [[Progressive Citizens of America]] (PCA).<ref name=Abt> {{cite book | first1 = John J. | last1= Abt | authorlink1 = John J. Abt | first2 = Michael | last2 = Myerson | title = Advocate and Activist: Memoirs of an American Communist Lawyer | publisher = University of Illinois Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9REaIPPh4k4C | pages = 138–9 (Chicago), 141 (merger) | date = 1993 | isbn= 9780252020308 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite magazine | title = National Affairs: Merger | magazine= TIME | url = http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,853003,00.html | date = January 6, 1947 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite web | title = Guide to the C.B. Baldwin Papers | publisher = University of Iowa | url = http://collguides.lib.uiowa.edu/?MSC0343 | date = | accessdate = November 25, 2016}}</ref> Despite organising Hollywood resistance to Soviet influence, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was denounced later that year as a "[[Pinko|swimming-pool pink]]" in ''Time'' magazine for her involvement in the committee.{{sfn|Gottfried|2002|p=146}}|group=Note}} In 1958, she was secretly called before the [[House Un-American Activities Committee]] and recounted her experiences with the Independent Citizens' Committee.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> ===Relationship with Joan Fontaine=== [[File:Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper holding Oscars|Joan Fontaine and [[Gary Cooper]] at the Academy Awards, 1942]] De Havilland and her sister [[Joan Fontaine]] are the only siblings to have each won Academy Awards in a lead acting category.<ref name="time-berman"/> According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], the sisters always had an uneasy relationship, starting in early childhood when Olivia had trouble accepting the idea of having a younger sister and Joan resented that her mother favored Olivia. Olivia would tear the clothes that her sister was given to wear as hand-me-downs, forcing Joan to stitch them together again.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> This tension was made worse by Fontaine's frequent childhood illnesses, which led to her mother's overly protective expression "Livvie can, Joan can't."{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland was the first to become an actress, and for several years Fontaine was overshadowed by her sister's accomplishments. When [[Mervyn LeRoy]] offered Fontaine a personal contract, her mother told her that Warner Bros. was "Olivia's studio" and that she could not use the family name of de{{nbsp}}Havilland.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=72}} In 1942, de{{nbsp}}Havilland and Fontaine were both nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress{{nsmdns}}de{{nbsp}}Havilland for ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' and Fontaine for ''[[Suspicion (1941 film)|Suspicion]]''. When Fontaine's name was announced as winner, de{{nbsp}}Havilland reacted graciously saying "We've got it!"{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=69}} According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], Fontaine rejected de{{nbsp}}Havilland's attempts to congratulate her, leaving de{{nbsp}}Havilland offended and embarrassed.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Their relationship was strained further in 1946 when Fontaine made negative comments to an interviewer about de{{nbsp}}Havilland's new husband Marcus Goodrich. When she read her sister's remarks, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was deeply hurt and waited for an apology that was never offered.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The following year after accepting her first Academy Award for ''To Each His Own'', de{{nbsp}}Havilland was approached backstage by Fontaine, who extended her hand to congratulate her; de{{nbsp}}Havilland turned away from her sister.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The two did not speak for the next five years.{{#tag:ref|In 1957, in the only interview in which she ever commented on her relationship with her sister, de{{nbsp}}Havilland told the Associated Press "Joan is very bright and sharp and has a wit that can be cutting. She said some things about Marcus that hurt me deeply. She was aware there was an estrangement between us."<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>|group=Note}} This may have caused an estrangement between Fontaine and her own daughters, who maintained a covert relationship with their aunt.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Following her divorce from Goodrich, de{{nbsp}}Havilland resumed contact with her sister,<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> visiting Fontaine's New York apartment and spending Christmas together in 1961.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/><ref name="getty-galella"/> The final break between the sisters occurred in 1975 over disagreements regarding their mother's cancer treatment; de{{nbsp}}Havilland wanted to consult other doctors and supported exploratory surgery but Fontaine disagreed.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=298}} Fontaine later claimed that de{{nbsp}}Havilland had not notified her of their mother's death while she was touring with a play, but de{{nbsp}}Havilland had in fact sent a telegram, which took two weeks to reach her sister.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> However, according to Fontaine in a 1979 interview with the CBC, de Havilland did not bother to phone to find out where she could be reached. The sibling feud lasted until Fontaine's death on December 15, 2013.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>{{#tag:ref|Fontaine once remarked, "I married first, won the Oscar before Olivia did, and if I die first, she'll undoubtedly be livid because I beat her to it!"<ref name="wp-bernstein"/>|group=Note}} The following day, de{{nbsp}}Havilland released a statement saying that she was "shocked and saddened" by the news.<ref name="cbsnews-djansezian-shocked"/> === Death === De Havilland died in her sleep of natural causes at her home in Paris on July 26, 2020, at the age of 104.{{refn|group=Note|De Havilland's publicist, Lisa Goldberg, confirmed that she had died of natural causes in her sleep on Sunday, July 26, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Lee |last1=Smith |first2=Chuck |last2=Johnston |title=Olivia de Havilland, star of 'Gone With the Wind,' dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |publisher=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/26/entertainment/olivia-de-havilland-dies/index.html |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref> However, due to the wording of some of the announcements (such as her former lawyer Suzelle M. Smith stating de Havilland had died "last night"<ref>{{Cite web |first=Tim |last=Gray |title=Olivia de Havilland, 'Gone With the Wind' Star, Dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/olivia-de-havilland-dead-died-gone-with-the-wind-1234716790/ |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref>) some media outlets misreported the date of death as the 25th.<ref name="EW-104">{{Cite magazine|last=Staskiewicz|first=Keith|date=July 26, 2020|title='Gone With the Wind' star Olivia de Havilland dies at 104|url=https://ew.com/movies/gone-with-the-wind-star-olivia-de-havilland-dies-at-104/|access-date=July 26, 2020|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref>}} Her funeral was held on August 1, 2020, at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]]. After cremation, her ashes were placed in the crematorium-columbarium of [[Père-Lachaise]], in an urn later to be transferred to a family burial place on the British island of [[Guernsey]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arlin |first1=Marc |date=August 7, 2020 |title=Mort d'Olivia de Havilland : ses obsèques se sont déroulées dans la plus stricte intimité |language=fr |work=Télé-Loisirs |url=https://www.programme-tv.net/news/cinema/258662-mort-dolivia-de-havilland-ses-obseques-se-sont-deroulees-dans-la-plus-stricte-intimite/ |access-date=August 26, 2020}}</ref> ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] gjw98c1q7uoxot195ave8tnjh2sinsa 624810 624809 2026-07-01T20:52:54Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Wọ́n tún fún un ní ànfàní láti ṣe ipa Puck nínú eré onípele A Midsummer Night's Dream tí William Shakespeare kọ, tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Theater ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ Reinhardt rí de Havilland nígbà tó ń ṣe eré onípele ní Saratoga, ó sì fún un ní ipò òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn kejì (second understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. ==Personal life== ===Relationships=== Although known as one of Hollywood's most exciting on-screen couples,<ref name="tcm-bio"/> de{{nbsp}}Havilland and [[Errol Flynn]] were never involved in a romantic relationship.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/> Upon first meeting her at Warner Bros. in August 1935, 26-year-old Flynn was drawn to the 19-year-old actress with "warm brown eyes" and "extraordinary charm".{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} In turn, de{{nbsp}}Havilland fell in love with him,<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|In 2009, de{{nbsp}}Havilland said, "Yes, we did fall in love and I believe that this is evident in the screen chemistry between us. But his circumstances at the time prevented the relationship going further. I have not talked about it a great deal, but the relationship was not consummated. Chemistry was there, though. It was there."<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>|group=Note}} but kept her feelings to herself. Flynn later wrote, "By the time we made ''The Charge of the Light Brigade'', I was sure that I was in love with her."{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} Flynn finally professed his love on March 12, 1937, at the [[coronation of George VI|coronation ball]] for King [[George VI]] at the [[Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)|Ambassador Hotel]] in Los Angeles, where they [[slow dance]]d together to "[[Sweet Leilani]]" at the hotel's Coconut Grove nightclub.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=52–53}} "I was deeply affected by him," she later remembered, "It was impossible for me not to be."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} The evening ended on a sobering note, with de{{nbsp}}Havilland insisting that despite his separation from his wife [[Lili Damita]], he needed to divorce her before their relationship could proceed.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} Flynn reunited with his wife later that year,{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=65–66}} and de{{nbsp}}Havilland never acted on her feelings for Flynn.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|During the making of ''Robin Hood'' in November 1937, de Havilland decided to tease Flynn who was being watched closely on the set by his wife. In 2005, de Havilland said, "And so we had one kissing scene, which I looked forward to with great delight. I remember I blew every take, at least six in a row, maybe seven, maybe eight, and we had to kiss all over again. And Errol Flynn got really rather uncomfortable, and he had, if I may say so, a little trouble with his tights."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}}|group=Note}} In July 1938, de{{nbsp}}Havilland began dating business tycoon, aviator, and filmmaker [[Howard Hughes]],{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} who had just completed his record-setting flight around the world in 91 hours.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In addition to escorting her about town, he gave the actress her first flying lessons.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} She later said, "He was a rather shy man ... and yet, in a whole community where the men every day played heroes on the screen and didn't do anything heroic in life, here was this man who was a real hero."<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In December 1939, she began a romantic relationship with actor [[James Stewart]]. At the request of [[Irene Mayer Selznick]], the actor's agent asked Stewart to escort de{{nbsp}}Havilland to the New York premiere of ''Gone with the Wind'' at the Astor Theater on December 19, 1939. Over the next few days, Stewart took her to the theater several times and to the [[21 Club]].{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=137}} They continued to see each other back in Los Angeles, where Stewart provided occasional flying lessons and romance.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} According to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, Stewart proposed marriage to her in 1940, but she felt that he was not ready to settle down.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} Their relationship ended in late 1941 when de{{nbsp}}Havilland began a romantic relationship with film director [[John Huston]] while making ''In This Our Life''.{{sfnm|1a1=Fishgall|1y=1997|1p=148|2a1=Meyers|2y=2011|2p=85}} "John was a very great love of mine", she later said, "He was a man I wanted to marry."{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=87}}{{#tag:ref|On April 29, 1945, at the home of producer David O. Selznick, Huston, who knew about de Havilland's three-year crush on Flynn, confronted the Australian actor{{nsmdns}}who suffered from tuberculosis{{nsmdns}}about his not serving in the military during the war.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}} When Flynn responded by alluding to his former "relationship" with de Havilland, Huston initiated an extended fistfight with the expert amateur boxer which landed them both in the hospital.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}}|group=Note}} ===Marriages and children=== [[File:Olivia de Havilland with son Benjamin c. 1952.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Smiling while holding her son in her arms|With her son, Benjamin, {{circa|1952}}]] On August 26, 1946, she married [[Marcus Goodrich]], a U.S. Navy veteran, journalist, and author of the novel ''Delilah'' (1941).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=38}} De Havilland filed for divorce in 1952, writing in her suit that Goodrich had "pursued a course of cruel treatment" and had "wrongfully inflicted upon her grievous physical and mental suffering, all without provocation or any excuse whatsoever."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Paula |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Late "Gone with the Wind" star's husband, family had deep roots in San Antonio |url=https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Late-Gone-with-the-Wind-star-s-husband-15524513.php |access-date=March 18, 2025 |website=San Antonio Express-News}}</ref>{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=41}} They had one child, Benjamin Goodrich, who was born on September 27, 1949.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=40}} Benjamin was diagnosed with [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]] at the age of 19<ref name="tcm-bio"/> and graduated from the University of Texas. He worked as a statistical analyst for [[Lockheed Missiles and Space Company]] in [[Sunnyvale, California]], and as an international banking representative for the [[Texas Commerce Bank]] in Houston.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> He died on September 29, 1991, in Paris at the age of 42 of heart disease brought on by treatments for Hodgkin's disease, three weeks before the death of his father.<ref name="nytimes-honan"/><ref name="reel-bio"/> On April 2, 1955, de{{nbsp}}Havilland married Pierre Galante, an executive editor for the magazine ''[[Paris Match]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=41–42}} Her marriage to Galante prompted her relocation to Paris. The couple separated in 1962 for undisclosed reasons but continued to live in the same house for another six years to raise their daughter together.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}}<ref name="philly-rickey"/><ref name="people-vespa"/> Galante moved across the street and the two remained close, even after the divorce was finalized in 1979.<ref name="philly-rickey"/> She looked after him during his final bout with lung cancer prior to his death in 1998. They had one child, Gisèle Galante, who was born on July 18, 1956.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}} After studying law at the [[Paris Nanterre University]] School of Law, Gisèle worked as a journalist in France and the United States.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> From 1956, de{{nbsp}}Havilland lived in a three-story house near the Bois de Boulogne in Paris.<ref name="latimes-tartaglione"/> ===Religion and politics=== De{{nbsp}}Havilland was raised in the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]] and remained an Episcopalian throughout her life.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/>{{#tag:ref|In a 2015 interview, de Havilland stated that her religious beliefs had lapsed in her adult years, but that she regained her faith when her son was ill. Her renewed faith inspired her sister to return to the Episcopal Church.<ref name="variety-stadiem-notorious"/>|group=Note}} In the 1970s, she became one of the first women [[Reader (liturgy)|lector]]s at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]], where she was on the regular rota for Scripture readings. As recently as 2012, she was doing readings on major [[Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)|feast days]],<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> including Christmas and Easter. "It's a task I love", she once said.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In describing her preparation for her readings, she once observed, "You have to convey the deep meaning, you see, and it has to start with your own faith. But first, I always pray. I pray before I start to prepare, as well. In fact, I would always say a prayer before shooting a scene, so this is not so different, in a way."<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> De{{nbsp}}Havilland preferred to use the [[Revised English Bible]] for its poetic style.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> She raised her son Benjamin in the Episcopal Church and her daughter Gisèle in the [[Roman Catholic Church]], the faith of each child's father.{{sfn|De Havilland|1962|pp=103–104}} As a United States citizen,<ref name="cnn-facts"/> de{{nbsp}}Havilland became involved in politics as a way of exercising her civic responsibilities.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She campaigned for [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s ultimately successful reelection bid in 1944.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> After the war, she joined the [[Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions]], a national public-policy advocacy group that included [[Bette Davis]], [[Gregory Peck]], [[Groucho Marx]], and [[Humphrey Bogart]] in its Hollywood chapter.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In June 1946, she was asked to deliver speeches for the committee that, in her view, reflected the [[Communist Party USA|Communist Party]] line. The group was later alleged to be a [[communist front]] organization.{{sfn|Billingsley|1998|pp=123–124}} De Havilland removed from her speeches the material that she considered pro-communist and rewrote them to reflect Democratic president [[Harry S. Truman]]'s anti-communist platform. She later recalled, "I realized a nucleus of people was controlling the organization without a majority of the members of the board being aware of it. And I knew they had to be Communists."<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She organized a fight to regain control of the committee from its pro-Soviet leadership, but her reform efforts failed. Her resignation from the committee triggered a wave of resignations by 11 other Hollywood figures, including future president [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref name="wsj-meroney"/>{{#tag:ref|Reagan was a relatively new board member when he was invited to join 10 other film-industry colleagues, including MGM studio head [[Dore Schary]], for a meeting at de{{nbsp}}Havilland's house where he was first told that Communists were trying to gain control of the committee.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|p=112}} During the meeting, he turned to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, who was on the executive committee, and whispered, "You know, Olivia, I always thought ''you'' might be one of them." Laughing, she responded, "That's funny. I thought ''you'' were one of them." Reagan suggested they propose a resolution at the next meeting that included language reaffirmed the committee's "belief in free enterprise and the Democratic system" and repudiated "Communism as desirable for the United States"{{nsmdns}}the executive committee voted it down the following week.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|pp=112–113}} Shortly afterwards, the committee disbanded and merged with the [[National Citizens PAC]] to form the [[Progressive Citizens of America]] (PCA).<ref name=Abt> {{cite book | first1 = John J. | last1= Abt | authorlink1 = John J. Abt | first2 = Michael | last2 = Myerson | title = Advocate and Activist: Memoirs of an American Communist Lawyer | publisher = University of Illinois Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9REaIPPh4k4C | pages = 138–9 (Chicago), 141 (merger) | date = 1993 | isbn= 9780252020308 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite magazine | title = National Affairs: Merger | magazine= TIME | url = http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,853003,00.html | date = January 6, 1947 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite web | title = Guide to the C.B. Baldwin Papers | publisher = University of Iowa | url = http://collguides.lib.uiowa.edu/?MSC0343 | date = | accessdate = November 25, 2016}}</ref> Despite organising Hollywood resistance to Soviet influence, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was denounced later that year as a "[[Pinko|swimming-pool pink]]" in ''Time'' magazine for her involvement in the committee.{{sfn|Gottfried|2002|p=146}}|group=Note}} In 1958, she was secretly called before the [[House Un-American Activities Committee]] and recounted her experiences with the Independent Citizens' Committee.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> ===Relationship with Joan Fontaine=== [[File:Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper holding Oscars|Joan Fontaine and [[Gary Cooper]] at the Academy Awards, 1942]] De Havilland and her sister [[Joan Fontaine]] are the only siblings to have each won Academy Awards in a lead acting category.<ref name="time-berman"/> According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], the sisters always had an uneasy relationship, starting in early childhood when Olivia had trouble accepting the idea of having a younger sister and Joan resented that her mother favored Olivia. Olivia would tear the clothes that her sister was given to wear as hand-me-downs, forcing Joan to stitch them together again.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> This tension was made worse by Fontaine's frequent childhood illnesses, which led to her mother's overly protective expression "Livvie can, Joan can't."{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland was the first to become an actress, and for several years Fontaine was overshadowed by her sister's accomplishments. When [[Mervyn LeRoy]] offered Fontaine a personal contract, her mother told her that Warner Bros. was "Olivia's studio" and that she could not use the family name of de{{nbsp}}Havilland.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=72}} In 1942, de{{nbsp}}Havilland and Fontaine were both nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress{{nsmdns}}de{{nbsp}}Havilland for ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' and Fontaine for ''[[Suspicion (1941 film)|Suspicion]]''. When Fontaine's name was announced as winner, de{{nbsp}}Havilland reacted graciously saying "We've got it!"{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=69}} According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], Fontaine rejected de{{nbsp}}Havilland's attempts to congratulate her, leaving de{{nbsp}}Havilland offended and embarrassed.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Their relationship was strained further in 1946 when Fontaine made negative comments to an interviewer about de{{nbsp}}Havilland's new husband Marcus Goodrich. When she read her sister's remarks, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was deeply hurt and waited for an apology that was never offered.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The following year after accepting her first Academy Award for ''To Each His Own'', de{{nbsp}}Havilland was approached backstage by Fontaine, who extended her hand to congratulate her; de{{nbsp}}Havilland turned away from her sister.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The two did not speak for the next five years.{{#tag:ref|In 1957, in the only interview in which she ever commented on her relationship with her sister, de{{nbsp}}Havilland told the Associated Press "Joan is very bright and sharp and has a wit that can be cutting. She said some things about Marcus that hurt me deeply. She was aware there was an estrangement between us."<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>|group=Note}} This may have caused an estrangement between Fontaine and her own daughters, who maintained a covert relationship with their aunt.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Following her divorce from Goodrich, de{{nbsp}}Havilland resumed contact with her sister,<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> visiting Fontaine's New York apartment and spending Christmas together in 1961.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/><ref name="getty-galella"/> The final break between the sisters occurred in 1975 over disagreements regarding their mother's cancer treatment; de{{nbsp}}Havilland wanted to consult other doctors and supported exploratory surgery but Fontaine disagreed.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=298}} Fontaine later claimed that de{{nbsp}}Havilland had not notified her of their mother's death while she was touring with a play, but de{{nbsp}}Havilland had in fact sent a telegram, which took two weeks to reach her sister.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> However, according to Fontaine in a 1979 interview with the CBC, de Havilland did not bother to phone to find out where she could be reached. The sibling feud lasted until Fontaine's death on December 15, 2013.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>{{#tag:ref|Fontaine once remarked, "I married first, won the Oscar before Olivia did, and if I die first, she'll undoubtedly be livid because I beat her to it!"<ref name="wp-bernstein"/>|group=Note}} The following day, de{{nbsp}}Havilland released a statement saying that she was "shocked and saddened" by the news.<ref name="cbsnews-djansezian-shocked"/> === Death === De Havilland died in her sleep of natural causes at her home in Paris on July 26, 2020, at the age of 104.{{refn|group=Note|De Havilland's publicist, Lisa Goldberg, confirmed that she had died of natural causes in her sleep on Sunday, July 26, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Lee |last1=Smith |first2=Chuck |last2=Johnston |title=Olivia de Havilland, star of 'Gone With the Wind,' dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |publisher=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/26/entertainment/olivia-de-havilland-dies/index.html |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref> However, due to the wording of some of the announcements (such as her former lawyer Suzelle M. Smith stating de Havilland had died "last night"<ref>{{Cite web |first=Tim |last=Gray |title=Olivia de Havilland, 'Gone With the Wind' Star, Dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/olivia-de-havilland-dead-died-gone-with-the-wind-1234716790/ |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref>) some media outlets misreported the date of death as the 25th.<ref name="EW-104">{{Cite magazine|last=Staskiewicz|first=Keith|date=July 26, 2020|title='Gone With the Wind' star Olivia de Havilland dies at 104|url=https://ew.com/movies/gone-with-the-wind-star-olivia-de-havilland-dies-at-104/|access-date=July 26, 2020|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref>}} Her funeral was held on August 1, 2020, at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]]. After cremation, her ashes were placed in the crematorium-columbarium of [[Père-Lachaise]], in an urn later to be transferred to a family burial place on the British island of [[Guernsey]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arlin |first1=Marc |date=August 7, 2020 |title=Mort d'Olivia de Havilland : ses obsèques se sont déroulées dans la plus stricte intimité |language=fr |work=Télé-Loisirs |url=https://www.programme-tv.net/news/cinema/258662-mort-dolivia-de-havilland-ses-obseques-se-sont-deroulees-dans-la-plus-stricte-intimite/ |access-date=August 26, 2020}}</ref> site=[[Gold Coast Bulletin]]|date=May 6, 2017}}</ref> In 2021, the Olivia de Havilland Theater was inaugurated at the [[American University of Paris]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.laurelzuckerman.com/2021/12/olivia-de-havilland-honored-in-paris.html|title=Olivia de Havilland honored in Paris|work=Paris Writers News|author= Gabrielle, Lara|date=December 24, 2021}}</ref> ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] loqfzpk0mg8fruvjhg4wmzb9uyxh3js 624812 624810 2026-07-01T20:56:14Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Wọ́n tún fún un ní ànfàní láti ṣe ipa Puck nínú eré onípele A Midsummer Night's Dream tí William Shakespeare kọ, tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Theater ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ Reinhardt rí de Havilland nígbà tó ń ṣe eré onípele ní Saratoga, ó sì fún un ní ipò òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn kejì (second understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. ==Personal life== ===Relationships=== Although known as one of Hollywood's most exciting on-screen couples,<ref name="tcm-bio"/> de{{nbsp}}Havilland and [[Errol Flynn]] were never involved in a romantic relationship.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/> Upon first meeting her at Warner Bros. in August 1935, 26-year-old Flynn was drawn to the 19-year-old actress with "warm brown eyes" and "extraordinary charm".{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} In turn, de{{nbsp}}Havilland fell in love with him,<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|In 2009, de{{nbsp}}Havilland said, "Yes, we did fall in love and I believe that this is evident in the screen chemistry between us. But his circumstances at the time prevented the relationship going further. I have not talked about it a great deal, but the relationship was not consummated. Chemistry was there, though. It was there."<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>|group=Note}} but kept her feelings to herself. Flynn later wrote, "By the time we made ''The Charge of the Light Brigade'', I was sure that I was in love with her."{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} Flynn finally professed his love on March 12, 1937, at the [[coronation of George VI|coronation ball]] for King [[George VI]] at the [[Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)|Ambassador Hotel]] in Los Angeles, where they [[slow dance]]d together to "[[Sweet Leilani]]" at the hotel's Coconut Grove nightclub.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=52–53}} "I was deeply affected by him," she later remembered, "It was impossible for me not to be."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} The evening ended on a sobering note, with de{{nbsp}}Havilland insisting that despite his separation from his wife [[Lili Damita]], he needed to divorce her before their relationship could proceed.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} Flynn reunited with his wife later that year,{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=65–66}} and de{{nbsp}}Havilland never acted on her feelings for Flynn.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|During the making of ''Robin Hood'' in November 1937, de Havilland decided to tease Flynn who was being watched closely on the set by his wife. In 2005, de Havilland said, "And so we had one kissing scene, which I looked forward to with great delight. I remember I blew every take, at least six in a row, maybe seven, maybe eight, and we had to kiss all over again. And Errol Flynn got really rather uncomfortable, and he had, if I may say so, a little trouble with his tights."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}}|group=Note}} In July 1938, de{{nbsp}}Havilland began dating business tycoon, aviator, and filmmaker [[Howard Hughes]],{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} who had just completed his record-setting flight around the world in 91 hours.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In addition to escorting her about town, he gave the actress her first flying lessons.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} She later said, "He was a rather shy man ... and yet, in a whole community where the men every day played heroes on the screen and didn't do anything heroic in life, here was this man who was a real hero."<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In December 1939, she began a romantic relationship with actor [[James Stewart]]. At the request of [[Irene Mayer Selznick]], the actor's agent asked Stewart to escort de{{nbsp}}Havilland to the New York premiere of ''Gone with the Wind'' at the Astor Theater on December 19, 1939. Over the next few days, Stewart took her to the theater several times and to the [[21 Club]].{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=137}} They continued to see each other back in Los Angeles, where Stewart provided occasional flying lessons and romance.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} According to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, Stewart proposed marriage to her in 1940, but she felt that he was not ready to settle down.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} Their relationship ended in late 1941 when de{{nbsp}}Havilland began a romantic relationship with film director [[John Huston]] while making ''In This Our Life''.{{sfnm|1a1=Fishgall|1y=1997|1p=148|2a1=Meyers|2y=2011|2p=85}} "John was a very great love of mine", she later said, "He was a man I wanted to marry."{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=87}}{{#tag:ref|On April 29, 1945, at the home of producer David O. Selznick, Huston, who knew about de Havilland's three-year crush on Flynn, confronted the Australian actor{{nsmdns}}who suffered from tuberculosis{{nsmdns}}about his not serving in the military during the war.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}} When Flynn responded by alluding to his former "relationship" with de Havilland, Huston initiated an extended fistfight with the expert amateur boxer which landed them both in the hospital.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}}|group=Note}} ===Marriages and children=== [[File:Olivia de Havilland with son Benjamin c. 1952.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Smiling while holding her son in her arms|With her son, Benjamin, {{circa|1952}}]] On August 26, 1946, she married [[Marcus Goodrich]], a U.S. Navy veteran, journalist, and author of the novel ''Delilah'' (1941).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=38}} De Havilland filed for divorce in 1952, writing in her suit that Goodrich had "pursued a course of cruel treatment" and had "wrongfully inflicted upon her grievous physical and mental suffering, all without provocation or any excuse whatsoever."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Paula |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Late "Gone with the Wind" star's husband, family had deep roots in San Antonio |url=https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Late-Gone-with-the-Wind-star-s-husband-15524513.php |access-date=March 18, 2025 |website=San Antonio Express-News}}</ref>{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=41}} They had one child, Benjamin Goodrich, who was born on September 27, 1949.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=40}} Benjamin was diagnosed with [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]] at the age of 19<ref name="tcm-bio"/> and graduated from the University of Texas. He worked as a statistical analyst for [[Lockheed Missiles and Space Company]] in [[Sunnyvale, California]], and as an international banking representative for the [[Texas Commerce Bank]] in Houston.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> He died on September 29, 1991, in Paris at the age of 42 of heart disease brought on by treatments for Hodgkin's disease, three weeks before the death of his father.<ref name="nytimes-honan"/><ref name="reel-bio"/> On April 2, 1955, de{{nbsp}}Havilland married Pierre Galante, an executive editor for the magazine ''[[Paris Match]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=41–42}} Her marriage to Galante prompted her relocation to Paris. The couple separated in 1962 for undisclosed reasons but continued to live in the same house for another six years to raise their daughter together.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}}<ref name="philly-rickey"/><ref name="people-vespa"/> Galante moved across the street and the two remained close, even after the divorce was finalized in 1979.<ref name="philly-rickey"/> She looked after him during his final bout with lung cancer prior to his death in 1998. They had one child, Gisèle Galante, who was born on July 18, 1956.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}} After studying law at the [[Paris Nanterre University]] School of Law, Gisèle worked as a journalist in France and the United States.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> From 1956, de{{nbsp}}Havilland lived in a three-story house near the Bois de Boulogne in Paris.<ref name="latimes-tartaglione"/> ===Religion and politics=== De{{nbsp}}Havilland was raised in the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]] and remained an Episcopalian throughout her life.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/>{{#tag:ref|In a 2015 interview, de Havilland stated that her religious beliefs had lapsed in her adult years, but that she regained her faith when her son was ill. Her renewed faith inspired her sister to return to the Episcopal Church.<ref name="variety-stadiem-notorious"/>|group=Note}} In the 1970s, she became one of the first women [[Reader (liturgy)|lector]]s at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]], where she was on the regular rota for Scripture readings. As recently as 2012, she was doing readings on major [[Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)|feast days]],<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> including Christmas and Easter. "It's a task I love", she once said.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In describing her preparation for her readings, she once observed, "You have to convey the deep meaning, you see, and it has to start with your own faith. But first, I always pray. I pray before I start to prepare, as well. In fact, I would always say a prayer before shooting a scene, so this is not so different, in a way."<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> De{{nbsp}}Havilland preferred to use the [[Revised English Bible]] for its poetic style.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> She raised her son Benjamin in the Episcopal Church and her daughter Gisèle in the [[Roman Catholic Church]], the faith of each child's father.{{sfn|De Havilland|1962|pp=103–104}} As a United States citizen,<ref name="cnn-facts"/> de{{nbsp}}Havilland became involved in politics as a way of exercising her civic responsibilities.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She campaigned for [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s ultimately successful reelection bid in 1944.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> After the war, she joined the [[Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions]], a national public-policy advocacy group that included [[Bette Davis]], [[Gregory Peck]], [[Groucho Marx]], and [[Humphrey Bogart]] in its Hollywood chapter.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In June 1946, she was asked to deliver speeches for the committee that, in her view, reflected the [[Communist Party USA|Communist Party]] line. The group was later alleged to be a [[communist front]] organization.{{sfn|Billingsley|1998|pp=123–124}} De Havilland removed from her speeches the material that she considered pro-communist and rewrote them to reflect Democratic president [[Harry S. Truman]]'s anti-communist platform. She later recalled, "I realized a nucleus of people was controlling the organization without a majority of the members of the board being aware of it. And I knew they had to be Communists."<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She organized a fight to regain control of the committee from its pro-Soviet leadership, but her reform efforts failed. Her resignation from the committee triggered a wave of resignations by 11 other Hollywood figures, including future president [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref name="wsj-meroney"/>{{#tag:ref|Reagan was a relatively new board member when he was invited to join 10 other film-industry colleagues, including MGM studio head [[Dore Schary]], for a meeting at de{{nbsp}}Havilland's house where he was first told that Communists were trying to gain control of the committee.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|p=112}} During the meeting, he turned to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, who was on the executive committee, and whispered, "You know, Olivia, I always thought ''you'' might be one of them." Laughing, she responded, "That's funny. I thought ''you'' were one of them." Reagan suggested they propose a resolution at the next meeting that included language reaffirmed the committee's "belief in free enterprise and the Democratic system" and repudiated "Communism as desirable for the United States"{{nsmdns}}the executive committee voted it down the following week.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|pp=112–113}} Shortly afterwards, the committee disbanded and merged with the [[National Citizens PAC]] to form the [[Progressive Citizens of America]] (PCA).<ref name=Abt> {{cite book | first1 = John J. | last1= Abt | authorlink1 = John J. Abt | first2 = Michael | last2 = Myerson | title = Advocate and Activist: Memoirs of an American Communist Lawyer | publisher = University of Illinois Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9REaIPPh4k4C | pages = 138–9 (Chicago), 141 (merger) | date = 1993 | isbn= 9780252020308 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite magazine | title = National Affairs: Merger | magazine= TIME | url = http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,853003,00.html | date = January 6, 1947 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite web | title = Guide to the C.B. Baldwin Papers | publisher = University of Iowa | url = http://collguides.lib.uiowa.edu/?MSC0343 | date = | accessdate = November 25, 2016}}</ref> Despite organising Hollywood resistance to Soviet influence, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was denounced later that year as a "[[Pinko|swimming-pool pink]]" in ''Time'' magazine for her involvement in the committee.{{sfn|Gottfried|2002|p=146}}|group=Note}} In 1958, she was secretly called before the [[House Un-American Activities Committee]] and recounted her experiences with the Independent Citizens' Committee.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> ===Relationship with Joan Fontaine=== [[File:Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper holding Oscars|Joan Fontaine and [[Gary Cooper]] at the Academy Awards, 1942]] De Havilland and her sister [[Joan Fontaine]] are the only siblings to have each won Academy Awards in a lead acting category.<ref name="time-berman"/> According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], the sisters always had an uneasy relationship, starting in early childhood when Olivia had trouble accepting the idea of having a younger sister and Joan resented that her mother favored Olivia. Olivia would tear the clothes that her sister was given to wear as hand-me-downs, forcing Joan to stitch them together again.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> This tension was made worse by Fontaine's frequent childhood illnesses, which led to her mother's overly protective expression "Livvie can, Joan can't."{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland was the first to become an actress, and for several years Fontaine was overshadowed by her sister's accomplishments. When [[Mervyn LeRoy]] offered Fontaine a personal contract, her mother told her that Warner Bros. was "Olivia's studio" and that she could not use the family name of de{{nbsp}}Havilland.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=72}} In 1942, de{{nbsp}}Havilland and Fontaine were both nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress{{nsmdns}}de{{nbsp}}Havilland for ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' and Fontaine for ''[[Suspicion (1941 film)|Suspicion]]''. When Fontaine's name was announced as winner, de{{nbsp}}Havilland reacted graciously saying "We've got it!"{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=69}} According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], Fontaine rejected de{{nbsp}}Havilland's attempts to congratulate her, leaving de{{nbsp}}Havilland offended and embarrassed.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Their relationship was strained further in 1946 when Fontaine made negative comments to an interviewer about de{{nbsp}}Havilland's new husband Marcus Goodrich. When she read her sister's remarks, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was deeply hurt and waited for an apology that was never offered.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The following year after accepting her first Academy Award for ''To Each His Own'', de{{nbsp}}Havilland was approached backstage by Fontaine, who extended her hand to congratulate her; de{{nbsp}}Havilland turned away from her sister.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The two did not speak for the next five years.{{#tag:ref|In 1957, in the only interview in which she ever commented on her relationship with her sister, de{{nbsp}}Havilland told the Associated Press "Joan is very bright and sharp and has a wit that can be cutting. She said some things about Marcus that hurt me deeply. She was aware there was an estrangement between us."<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>|group=Note}} This may have caused an estrangement between Fontaine and her own daughters, who maintained a covert relationship with their aunt.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Following her divorce from Goodrich, de{{nbsp}}Havilland resumed contact with her sister,<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> visiting Fontaine's New York apartment and spending Christmas together in 1961.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/><ref name="getty-galella"/> The final break between the sisters occurred in 1975 over disagreements regarding their mother's cancer treatment; de{{nbsp}}Havilland wanted to consult other doctors and supported exploratory surgery but Fontaine disagreed.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=298}} Fontaine later claimed that de{{nbsp}}Havilland had not notified her of their mother's death while she was touring with a play, but de{{nbsp}}Havilland had in fact sent a telegram, which took two weeks to reach her sister.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> However, according to Fontaine in a 1979 interview with the CBC, de Havilland did not bother to phone to find out where she could be reached. The sibling feud lasted until Fontaine's death on December 15, 2013.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>{{#tag:ref|Fontaine once remarked, "I married first, won the Oscar before Olivia did, and if I die first, she'll undoubtedly be livid because I beat her to it!"<ref name="wp-bernstein"/>|group=Note}} The following day, de{{nbsp}}Havilland released a statement saying that she was "shocked and saddened" by the news.<ref name="cbsnews-djansezian-shocked"/> === Death === De Havilland died in her sleep of natural causes at her home in Paris on July 26, 2020, at the age of 104.{{refn|group=Note|De Havilland's publicist, Lisa Goldberg, confirmed that she had died of natural causes in her sleep on Sunday, July 26, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Lee |last1=Smith |first2=Chuck |last2=Johnston |title=Olivia de Havilland, star of 'Gone With the Wind,' dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |publisher=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/26/entertainment/olivia-de-havilland-dies/index.html |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref> However, due to the wording of some of the announcements (such as her former lawyer Suzelle M. Smith stating de Havilland had died "last night"<ref>{{Cite web |first=Tim |last=Gray |title=Olivia de Havilland, 'Gone With the Wind' Star, Dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/olivia-de-havilland-dead-died-gone-with-the-wind-1234716790/ |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref>) some media outlets misreported the date of death as the 25th.<ref name="EW-104">{{Cite magazine|last=Staskiewicz|first=Keith|date=July 26, 2020|title='Gone With the Wind' star Olivia de Havilland dies at 104|url=https://ew.com/movies/gone-with-the-wind-star-olivia-de-havilland-dies-at-104/|access-date=July 26, 2020|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref>}} Her funeral was held on August 1, 2020, at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]]. After cremation, her ashes were placed in the crematorium-columbarium of [[Père-Lachaise]], in an urn later to be transferred to a family burial place on the British island of [[Guernsey]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arlin |first1=Marc |date=August 7, 2020 |title=Mort d'Olivia de Havilland : ses obsèques se sont déroulées dans la plus stricte intimité |language=fr |work=Télé-Loisirs |url=https://www.programme-tv.net/news/cinema/258662-mort-dolivia-de-havilland-ses-obseques-se-sont-deroulees-dans-la-plus-stricte-intimite/ |access-date=August 26, 2020}}</ref> site=[[Gold Coast Bulletin]]|date=May 6, 2017}}</ref> In 2021, the Olivia de Havilland Theater was inaugurated at the [[American University of Paris]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.laurelzuckerman.com/2021/12/olivia-de-havilland-honored-in-paris.html|title=Olivia de Havilland honored in Paris|work=Paris Writers News|author= Gabrielle, Lara|date=December 24, 2021}}</ref> ==Àmì eye== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Film ! Result ! class="unsortable"| {{Tooltip|Ref|Reference}} |- | 1940 | rowspan="4" | [[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] | ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1942 | rowspan="3" | [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1946 | ''[[To Each His Own (1946 film)|To Each His Own]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1948 | rowspan="3" | ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1948 | [[National Board of Review]] | [[National Board of Review Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1948 | [[New York Film Critics Circle]] | [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1949 | [[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | rowspan="3" | ''[[The Heiress]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1949 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress - Drama]] | {{won}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1949 | [[New York Film Critics Circle]] | Best Actress | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1949 | [[Venice Film Festival|Venice Film Festival Volpi Cup]] | [[Volpi Cup for Best Actress]] | ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1953 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]] | ''[[My Cousin Rachel (1952 film)|My Cousin Rachel]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1960 | [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] | [[List of stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame|Star - Motion Pictures]] | — | {{won|Honored}} |<ref name="hollywood-walk" /> |- | 1986 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role]] | rowspan="2" | ''[[Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1986 | [[Primetime Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]] | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie|Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries]] | {{nom}} | <ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1998 | Honorary Doctorate | [[University of Hertfordshire]] | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="tcm-notes" /> |- | 2006 | Online Film & Television Association | Film Hall of Fame | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="ofta-hall" /> |- | 2008 | National Medal of Arts | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="wh-archive" /> |- | 2010 | [[Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur]] | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="ap-corbet" /> |- | 2016 | Oldie of the Year | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="bbc-oldie" /> |} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] c2jnnka6kpjpwf7yp6y559dtjsouzno 624877 624812 2026-07-02T07:10:45Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Wọ́n tún fún un ní ànfàní láti ṣe ipa Puck nínú eré onípele A Midsummer Night's Dream tí William Shakespeare kọ, tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Theater ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ Reinhardt rí de Havilland nígbà tó ń ṣe eré onípele ní Saratoga, ó sì fún un ní ipò òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn kejì (second understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. == Ìgbésí ayé re == ===Relationships=== Although known as one of Hollywood's most exciting on-screen couples,<ref name="tcm-bio"/> de{{nbsp}}Havilland and [[Errol Flynn]] were never involved in a romantic relationship.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/> Upon first meeting her at Warner Bros. in August 1935, 26-year-old Flynn was drawn to the 19-year-old actress with "warm brown eyes" and "extraordinary charm".{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} In turn, de{{nbsp}}Havilland fell in love with him,<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|In 2009, de{{nbsp}}Havilland said, "Yes, we did fall in love and I believe that this is evident in the screen chemistry between us. But his circumstances at the time prevented the relationship going further. I have not talked about it a great deal, but the relationship was not consummated. Chemistry was there, though. It was there."<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>|group=Note}} but kept her feelings to herself. Flynn later wrote, "By the time we made ''The Charge of the Light Brigade'', I was sure that I was in love with her."{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} Flynn finally professed his love on March 12, 1937, at the [[coronation of George VI|coronation ball]] for King [[George VI]] at the [[Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)|Ambassador Hotel]] in Los Angeles, where they [[slow dance]]d together to "[[Sweet Leilani]]" at the hotel's Coconut Grove nightclub.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=52–53}} "I was deeply affected by him," she later remembered, "It was impossible for me not to be."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} The evening ended on a sobering note, with de{{nbsp}}Havilland insisting that despite his separation from his wife [[Lili Damita]], he needed to divorce her before their relationship could proceed.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} Flynn reunited with his wife later that year,{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=65–66}} and de{{nbsp}}Havilland never acted on her feelings for Flynn.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|During the making of ''Robin Hood'' in November 1937, de Havilland decided to tease Flynn who was being watched closely on the set by his wife. In 2005, de Havilland said, "And so we had one kissing scene, which I looked forward to with great delight. I remember I blew every take, at least six in a row, maybe seven, maybe eight, and we had to kiss all over again. And Errol Flynn got really rather uncomfortable, and he had, if I may say so, a little trouble with his tights."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}}|group=Note}} In July 1938, de{{nbsp}}Havilland began dating business tycoon, aviator, and filmmaker [[Howard Hughes]],{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} who had just completed his record-setting flight around the world in 91 hours.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In addition to escorting her about town, he gave the actress her first flying lessons.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} She later said, "He was a rather shy man ... and yet, in a whole community where the men every day played heroes on the screen and didn't do anything heroic in life, here was this man who was a real hero."<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In December 1939, she began a romantic relationship with actor [[James Stewart]]. At the request of [[Irene Mayer Selznick]], the actor's agent asked Stewart to escort de{{nbsp}}Havilland to the New York premiere of ''Gone with the Wind'' at the Astor Theater on December 19, 1939. Over the next few days, Stewart took her to the theater several times and to the [[21 Club]].{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=137}} They continued to see each other back in Los Angeles, where Stewart provided occasional flying lessons and romance.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} According to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, Stewart proposed marriage to her in 1940, but she felt that he was not ready to settle down.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} Their relationship ended in late 1941 when de{{nbsp}}Havilland began a romantic relationship with film director [[John Huston]] while making ''In This Our Life''.{{sfnm|1a1=Fishgall|1y=1997|1p=148|2a1=Meyers|2y=2011|2p=85}} "John was a very great love of mine", she later said, "He was a man I wanted to marry."{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=87}}{{#tag:ref|On April 29, 1945, at the home of producer David O. Selznick, Huston, who knew about de Havilland's three-year crush on Flynn, confronted the Australian actor{{nsmdns}}who suffered from tuberculosis{{nsmdns}}about his not serving in the military during the war.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}} When Flynn responded by alluding to his former "relationship" with de Havilland, Huston initiated an extended fistfight with the expert amateur boxer which landed them both in the hospital.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}}|group=Note}} ===Marriages and children=== [[File:Olivia de Havilland with son Benjamin c. 1952.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Smiling while holding her son in her arms|With her son, Benjamin, {{circa|1952}}]] On August 26, 1946, she married [[Marcus Goodrich]], a U.S. Navy veteran, journalist, and author of the novel ''Delilah'' (1941).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=38}} De Havilland filed for divorce in 1952, writing in her suit that Goodrich had "pursued a course of cruel treatment" and had "wrongfully inflicted upon her grievous physical and mental suffering, all without provocation or any excuse whatsoever."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Paula |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Late "Gone with the Wind" star's husband, family had deep roots in San Antonio |url=https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Late-Gone-with-the-Wind-star-s-husband-15524513.php |access-date=March 18, 2025 |website=San Antonio Express-News}}</ref>{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=41}} They had one child, Benjamin Goodrich, who was born on September 27, 1949.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=40}} Benjamin was diagnosed with [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]] at the age of 19<ref name="tcm-bio"/> and graduated from the University of Texas. He worked as a statistical analyst for [[Lockheed Missiles and Space Company]] in [[Sunnyvale, California]], and as an international banking representative for the [[Texas Commerce Bank]] in Houston.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> He died on September 29, 1991, in Paris at the age of 42 of heart disease brought on by treatments for Hodgkin's disease, three weeks before the death of his father.<ref name="nytimes-honan"/><ref name="reel-bio"/> On April 2, 1955, de{{nbsp}}Havilland married Pierre Galante, an executive editor for the magazine ''[[Paris Match]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=41–42}} Her marriage to Galante prompted her relocation to Paris. The couple separated in 1962 for undisclosed reasons but continued to live in the same house for another six years to raise their daughter together.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}}<ref name="philly-rickey"/><ref name="people-vespa"/> Galante moved across the street and the two remained close, even after the divorce was finalized in 1979.<ref name="philly-rickey"/> She looked after him during his final bout with lung cancer prior to his death in 1998. They had one child, Gisèle Galante, who was born on July 18, 1956.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}} After studying law at the [[Paris Nanterre University]] School of Law, Gisèle worked as a journalist in France and the United States.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> From 1956, de{{nbsp}}Havilland lived in a three-story house near the Bois de Boulogne in Paris.<ref name="latimes-tartaglione"/> ===Religion and politics=== De{{nbsp}}Havilland was raised in the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]] and remained an Episcopalian throughout her life.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/>{{#tag:ref|In a 2015 interview, de Havilland stated that her religious beliefs had lapsed in her adult years, but that she regained her faith when her son was ill. Her renewed faith inspired her sister to return to the Episcopal Church.<ref name="variety-stadiem-notorious"/>|group=Note}} In the 1970s, she became one of the first women [[Reader (liturgy)|lector]]s at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]], where she was on the regular rota for Scripture readings. As recently as 2012, she was doing readings on major [[Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)|feast days]],<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> including Christmas and Easter. "It's a task I love", she once said.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In describing her preparation for her readings, she once observed, "You have to convey the deep meaning, you see, and it has to start with your own faith. But first, I always pray. I pray before I start to prepare, as well. In fact, I would always say a prayer before shooting a scene, so this is not so different, in a way."<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> De{{nbsp}}Havilland preferred to use the [[Revised English Bible]] for its poetic style.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> She raised her son Benjamin in the Episcopal Church and her daughter Gisèle in the [[Roman Catholic Church]], the faith of each child's father.{{sfn|De Havilland|1962|pp=103–104}} As a United States citizen,<ref name="cnn-facts"/> de{{nbsp}}Havilland became involved in politics as a way of exercising her civic responsibilities.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She campaigned for [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s ultimately successful reelection bid in 1944.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> After the war, she joined the [[Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions]], a national public-policy advocacy group that included [[Bette Davis]], [[Gregory Peck]], [[Groucho Marx]], and [[Humphrey Bogart]] in its Hollywood chapter.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In June 1946, she was asked to deliver speeches for the committee that, in her view, reflected the [[Communist Party USA|Communist Party]] line. The group was later alleged to be a [[communist front]] organization.{{sfn|Billingsley|1998|pp=123–124}} De Havilland removed from her speeches the material that she considered pro-communist and rewrote them to reflect Democratic president [[Harry S. Truman]]'s anti-communist platform. She later recalled, "I realized a nucleus of people was controlling the organization without a majority of the members of the board being aware of it. And I knew they had to be Communists."<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She organized a fight to regain control of the committee from its pro-Soviet leadership, but her reform efforts failed. Her resignation from the committee triggered a wave of resignations by 11 other Hollywood figures, including future president [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref name="wsj-meroney"/>{{#tag:ref|Reagan was a relatively new board member when he was invited to join 10 other film-industry colleagues, including MGM studio head [[Dore Schary]], for a meeting at de{{nbsp}}Havilland's house where he was first told that Communists were trying to gain control of the committee.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|p=112}} During the meeting, he turned to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, who was on the executive committee, and whispered, "You know, Olivia, I always thought ''you'' might be one of them." Laughing, she responded, "That's funny. I thought ''you'' were one of them." Reagan suggested they propose a resolution at the next meeting that included language reaffirmed the committee's "belief in free enterprise and the Democratic system" and repudiated "Communism as desirable for the United States"{{nsmdns}}the executive committee voted it down the following week.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|pp=112–113}} Shortly afterwards, the committee disbanded and merged with the [[National Citizens PAC]] to form the [[Progressive Citizens of America]] (PCA).<ref name=Abt> {{cite book | first1 = John J. | last1= Abt | authorlink1 = John J. Abt | first2 = Michael | last2 = Myerson | title = Advocate and Activist: Memoirs of an American Communist Lawyer | publisher = University of Illinois Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9REaIPPh4k4C | pages = 138–9 (Chicago), 141 (merger) | date = 1993 | isbn= 9780252020308 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite magazine | title = National Affairs: Merger | magazine= TIME | url = http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,853003,00.html | date = January 6, 1947 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite web | title = Guide to the C.B. Baldwin Papers | publisher = University of Iowa | url = http://collguides.lib.uiowa.edu/?MSC0343 | date = | accessdate = November 25, 2016}}</ref> Despite organising Hollywood resistance to Soviet influence, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was denounced later that year as a "[[Pinko|swimming-pool pink]]" in ''Time'' magazine for her involvement in the committee.{{sfn|Gottfried|2002|p=146}}|group=Note}} In 1958, she was secretly called before the [[House Un-American Activities Committee]] and recounted her experiences with the Independent Citizens' Committee.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> ===Relationship with Joan Fontaine=== [[File:Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper holding Oscars|Joan Fontaine and [[Gary Cooper]] at the Academy Awards, 1942]] De Havilland and her sister [[Joan Fontaine]] are the only siblings to have each won Academy Awards in a lead acting category.<ref name="time-berman"/> According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], the sisters always had an uneasy relationship, starting in early childhood when Olivia had trouble accepting the idea of having a younger sister and Joan resented that her mother favored Olivia. Olivia would tear the clothes that her sister was given to wear as hand-me-downs, forcing Joan to stitch them together again.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> This tension was made worse by Fontaine's frequent childhood illnesses, which led to her mother's overly protective expression "Livvie can, Joan can't."{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland was the first to become an actress, and for several years Fontaine was overshadowed by her sister's accomplishments. When [[Mervyn LeRoy]] offered Fontaine a personal contract, her mother told her that Warner Bros. was "Olivia's studio" and that she could not use the family name of de{{nbsp}}Havilland.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=72}} In 1942, de{{nbsp}}Havilland and Fontaine were both nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress{{nsmdns}}de{{nbsp}}Havilland for ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' and Fontaine for ''[[Suspicion (1941 film)|Suspicion]]''. When Fontaine's name was announced as winner, de{{nbsp}}Havilland reacted graciously saying "We've got it!"{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=69}} According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], Fontaine rejected de{{nbsp}}Havilland's attempts to congratulate her, leaving de{{nbsp}}Havilland offended and embarrassed.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Their relationship was strained further in 1946 when Fontaine made negative comments to an interviewer about de{{nbsp}}Havilland's new husband Marcus Goodrich. When she read her sister's remarks, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was deeply hurt and waited for an apology that was never offered.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The following year after accepting her first Academy Award for ''To Each His Own'', de{{nbsp}}Havilland was approached backstage by Fontaine, who extended her hand to congratulate her; de{{nbsp}}Havilland turned away from her sister.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The two did not speak for the next five years.{{#tag:ref|In 1957, in the only interview in which she ever commented on her relationship with her sister, de{{nbsp}}Havilland told the Associated Press "Joan is very bright and sharp and has a wit that can be cutting. She said some things about Marcus that hurt me deeply. She was aware there was an estrangement between us."<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>|group=Note}} This may have caused an estrangement between Fontaine and her own daughters, who maintained a covert relationship with their aunt.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Following her divorce from Goodrich, de{{nbsp}}Havilland resumed contact with her sister,<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> visiting Fontaine's New York apartment and spending Christmas together in 1961.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/><ref name="getty-galella"/> The final break between the sisters occurred in 1975 over disagreements regarding their mother's cancer treatment; de{{nbsp}}Havilland wanted to consult other doctors and supported exploratory surgery but Fontaine disagreed.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=298}} Fontaine later claimed that de{{nbsp}}Havilland had not notified her of their mother's death while she was touring with a play, but de{{nbsp}}Havilland had in fact sent a telegram, which took two weeks to reach her sister.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> However, according to Fontaine in a 1979 interview with the CBC, de Havilland did not bother to phone to find out where she could be reached. The sibling feud lasted until Fontaine's death on December 15, 2013.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>{{#tag:ref|Fontaine once remarked, "I married first, won the Oscar before Olivia did, and if I die first, she'll undoubtedly be livid because I beat her to it!"<ref name="wp-bernstein"/>|group=Note}} The following day, de{{nbsp}}Havilland released a statement saying that she was "shocked and saddened" by the news.<ref name="cbsnews-djansezian-shocked"/> === Death === De Havilland died in her sleep of natural causes at her home in Paris on July 26, 2020, at the age of 104.{{refn|group=Note|De Havilland's publicist, Lisa Goldberg, confirmed that she had died of natural causes in her sleep on Sunday, July 26, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Lee |last1=Smith |first2=Chuck |last2=Johnston |title=Olivia de Havilland, star of 'Gone With the Wind,' dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |publisher=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/26/entertainment/olivia-de-havilland-dies/index.html |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref> However, due to the wording of some of the announcements (such as her former lawyer Suzelle M. Smith stating de Havilland had died "last night"<ref>{{Cite web |first=Tim |last=Gray |title=Olivia de Havilland, 'Gone With the Wind' Star, Dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/olivia-de-havilland-dead-died-gone-with-the-wind-1234716790/ |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref>) some media outlets misreported the date of death as the 25th.<ref name="EW-104">{{Cite magazine|last=Staskiewicz|first=Keith|date=July 26, 2020|title='Gone With the Wind' star Olivia de Havilland dies at 104|url=https://ew.com/movies/gone-with-the-wind-star-olivia-de-havilland-dies-at-104/|access-date=July 26, 2020|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref>}} Her funeral was held on August 1, 2020, at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]]. After cremation, her ashes were placed in the crematorium-columbarium of [[Père-Lachaise]], in an urn later to be transferred to a family burial place on the British island of [[Guernsey]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arlin |first1=Marc |date=August 7, 2020 |title=Mort d'Olivia de Havilland : ses obsèques se sont déroulées dans la plus stricte intimité |language=fr |work=Télé-Loisirs |url=https://www.programme-tv.net/news/cinema/258662-mort-dolivia-de-havilland-ses-obseques-se-sont-deroulees-dans-la-plus-stricte-intimite/ |access-date=August 26, 2020}}</ref> site=[[Gold Coast Bulletin]]|date=May 6, 2017}}</ref> In 2021, the Olivia de Havilland Theater was inaugurated at the [[American University of Paris]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.laurelzuckerman.com/2021/12/olivia-de-havilland-honored-in-paris.html|title=Olivia de Havilland honored in Paris|work=Paris Writers News|author= Gabrielle, Lara|date=December 24, 2021}}</ref> ==Àmì eye== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Film ! Result ! class="unsortable"| {{Tooltip|Ref|Reference}} |- | 1940 | rowspan="4" | [[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] | ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1942 | rowspan="3" | [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1946 | ''[[To Each His Own (1946 film)|To Each His Own]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1948 | rowspan="3" | ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1948 | [[National Board of Review]] | [[National Board of Review Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1948 | [[New York Film Critics Circle]] | [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1949 | [[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | rowspan="3" | ''[[The Heiress]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1949 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress - Drama]] | {{won}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1949 | [[New York Film Critics Circle]] | Best Actress | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1949 | [[Venice Film Festival|Venice Film Festival Volpi Cup]] | [[Volpi Cup for Best Actress]] | ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1953 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]] | ''[[My Cousin Rachel (1952 film)|My Cousin Rachel]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1960 | [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] | [[List of stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame|Star - Motion Pictures]] | — | {{won|Honored}} |<ref name="hollywood-walk" /> |- | 1986 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role]] | rowspan="2" | ''[[Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1986 | [[Primetime Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]] | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie|Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries]] | {{nom}} | <ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1998 | Honorary Doctorate | [[University of Hertfordshire]] | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="tcm-notes" /> |- | 2006 | Online Film & Television Association | Film Hall of Fame | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="ofta-hall" /> |- | 2008 | National Medal of Arts | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="wh-archive" /> |- | 2010 | [[Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur]] | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="ap-corbet" /> |- | 2016 | Oldie of the Year | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="bbc-oldie" /> |} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] jk68gy8scurcqfbaa6k71wm8qgsec54 624878 624877 2026-07-02T07:11:48Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Wọ́n tún fún un ní ànfàní láti ṣe ipa Puck nínú eré onípele A Midsummer Night's Dream tí William Shakespeare kọ, tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Theater ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ Reinhardt rí de Havilland nígbà tó ń ṣe eré onípele ní Saratoga, ó sì fún un ní ipò òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn kejì (second understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. == Ìgbésí ayé re == === Àwọn ìbáṣepọ̀ === Although known as one of Hollywood's most exciting on-screen couples,<ref name="tcm-bio"/> de{{nbsp}}Havilland and [[Errol Flynn]] were never involved in a romantic relationship.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/> Upon first meeting her at Warner Bros. in August 1935, 26-year-old Flynn was drawn to the 19-year-old actress with "warm brown eyes" and "extraordinary charm".{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} In turn, de{{nbsp}}Havilland fell in love with him,<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|In 2009, de{{nbsp}}Havilland said, "Yes, we did fall in love and I believe that this is evident in the screen chemistry between us. But his circumstances at the time prevented the relationship going further. I have not talked about it a great deal, but the relationship was not consummated. Chemistry was there, though. It was there."<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>|group=Note}} but kept her feelings to herself. Flynn later wrote, "By the time we made ''The Charge of the Light Brigade'', I was sure that I was in love with her."{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} Flynn finally professed his love on March 12, 1937, at the [[coronation of George VI|coronation ball]] for King [[George VI]] at the [[Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)|Ambassador Hotel]] in Los Angeles, where they [[slow dance]]d together to "[[Sweet Leilani]]" at the hotel's Coconut Grove nightclub.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=52–53}} "I was deeply affected by him," she later remembered, "It was impossible for me not to be."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} The evening ended on a sobering note, with de{{nbsp}}Havilland insisting that despite his separation from his wife [[Lili Damita]], he needed to divorce her before their relationship could proceed.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} Flynn reunited with his wife later that year,{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=65–66}} and de{{nbsp}}Havilland never acted on her feelings for Flynn.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|During the making of ''Robin Hood'' in November 1937, de Havilland decided to tease Flynn who was being watched closely on the set by his wife. In 2005, de Havilland said, "And so we had one kissing scene, which I looked forward to with great delight. I remember I blew every take, at least six in a row, maybe seven, maybe eight, and we had to kiss all over again. And Errol Flynn got really rather uncomfortable, and he had, if I may say so, a little trouble with his tights."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}}|group=Note}} In July 1938, de{{nbsp}}Havilland began dating business tycoon, aviator, and filmmaker [[Howard Hughes]],{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} who had just completed his record-setting flight around the world in 91 hours.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In addition to escorting her about town, he gave the actress her first flying lessons.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} She later said, "He was a rather shy man ... and yet, in a whole community where the men every day played heroes on the screen and didn't do anything heroic in life, here was this man who was a real hero."<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In December 1939, she began a romantic relationship with actor [[James Stewart]]. At the request of [[Irene Mayer Selznick]], the actor's agent asked Stewart to escort de{{nbsp}}Havilland to the New York premiere of ''Gone with the Wind'' at the Astor Theater on December 19, 1939. Over the next few days, Stewart took her to the theater several times and to the [[21 Club]].{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=137}} They continued to see each other back in Los Angeles, where Stewart provided occasional flying lessons and romance.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} According to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, Stewart proposed marriage to her in 1940, but she felt that he was not ready to settle down.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} Their relationship ended in late 1941 when de{{nbsp}}Havilland began a romantic relationship with film director [[John Huston]] while making ''In This Our Life''.{{sfnm|1a1=Fishgall|1y=1997|1p=148|2a1=Meyers|2y=2011|2p=85}} "John was a very great love of mine", she later said, "He was a man I wanted to marry."{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=87}}{{#tag:ref|On April 29, 1945, at the home of producer David O. Selznick, Huston, who knew about de Havilland's three-year crush on Flynn, confronted the Australian actor{{nsmdns}}who suffered from tuberculosis{{nsmdns}}about his not serving in the military during the war.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}} When Flynn responded by alluding to his former "relationship" with de Havilland, Huston initiated an extended fistfight with the expert amateur boxer which landed them both in the hospital.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}}|group=Note}} ===Marriages and children=== [[File:Olivia de Havilland with son Benjamin c. 1952.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Smiling while holding her son in her arms|With her son, Benjamin, {{circa|1952}}]] On August 26, 1946, she married [[Marcus Goodrich]], a U.S. Navy veteran, journalist, and author of the novel ''Delilah'' (1941).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=38}} De Havilland filed for divorce in 1952, writing in her suit that Goodrich had "pursued a course of cruel treatment" and had "wrongfully inflicted upon her grievous physical and mental suffering, all without provocation or any excuse whatsoever."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Paula |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Late "Gone with the Wind" star's husband, family had deep roots in San Antonio |url=https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Late-Gone-with-the-Wind-star-s-husband-15524513.php |access-date=March 18, 2025 |website=San Antonio Express-News}}</ref>{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=41}} They had one child, Benjamin Goodrich, who was born on September 27, 1949.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=40}} Benjamin was diagnosed with [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]] at the age of 19<ref name="tcm-bio"/> and graduated from the University of Texas. He worked as a statistical analyst for [[Lockheed Missiles and Space Company]] in [[Sunnyvale, California]], and as an international banking representative for the [[Texas Commerce Bank]] in Houston.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> He died on September 29, 1991, in Paris at the age of 42 of heart disease brought on by treatments for Hodgkin's disease, three weeks before the death of his father.<ref name="nytimes-honan"/><ref name="reel-bio"/> On April 2, 1955, de{{nbsp}}Havilland married Pierre Galante, an executive editor for the magazine ''[[Paris Match]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=41–42}} Her marriage to Galante prompted her relocation to Paris. The couple separated in 1962 for undisclosed reasons but continued to live in the same house for another six years to raise their daughter together.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}}<ref name="philly-rickey"/><ref name="people-vespa"/> Galante moved across the street and the two remained close, even after the divorce was finalized in 1979.<ref name="philly-rickey"/> She looked after him during his final bout with lung cancer prior to his death in 1998. They had one child, Gisèle Galante, who was born on July 18, 1956.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}} After studying law at the [[Paris Nanterre University]] School of Law, Gisèle worked as a journalist in France and the United States.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> From 1956, de{{nbsp}}Havilland lived in a three-story house near the Bois de Boulogne in Paris.<ref name="latimes-tartaglione"/> ===Religion and politics=== De{{nbsp}}Havilland was raised in the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]] and remained an Episcopalian throughout her life.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/>{{#tag:ref|In a 2015 interview, de Havilland stated that her religious beliefs had lapsed in her adult years, but that she regained her faith when her son was ill. Her renewed faith inspired her sister to return to the Episcopal Church.<ref name="variety-stadiem-notorious"/>|group=Note}} In the 1970s, she became one of the first women [[Reader (liturgy)|lector]]s at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]], where she was on the regular rota for Scripture readings. As recently as 2012, she was doing readings on major [[Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)|feast days]],<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> including Christmas and Easter. "It's a task I love", she once said.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In describing her preparation for her readings, she once observed, "You have to convey the deep meaning, you see, and it has to start with your own faith. But first, I always pray. I pray before I start to prepare, as well. In fact, I would always say a prayer before shooting a scene, so this is not so different, in a way."<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> De{{nbsp}}Havilland preferred to use the [[Revised English Bible]] for its poetic style.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> She raised her son Benjamin in the Episcopal Church and her daughter Gisèle in the [[Roman Catholic Church]], the faith of each child's father.{{sfn|De Havilland|1962|pp=103–104}} As a United States citizen,<ref name="cnn-facts"/> de{{nbsp}}Havilland became involved in politics as a way of exercising her civic responsibilities.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She campaigned for [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s ultimately successful reelection bid in 1944.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> After the war, she joined the [[Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions]], a national public-policy advocacy group that included [[Bette Davis]], [[Gregory Peck]], [[Groucho Marx]], and [[Humphrey Bogart]] in its Hollywood chapter.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In June 1946, she was asked to deliver speeches for the committee that, in her view, reflected the [[Communist Party USA|Communist Party]] line. The group was later alleged to be a [[communist front]] organization.{{sfn|Billingsley|1998|pp=123–124}} De Havilland removed from her speeches the material that she considered pro-communist and rewrote them to reflect Democratic president [[Harry S. Truman]]'s anti-communist platform. She later recalled, "I realized a nucleus of people was controlling the organization without a majority of the members of the board being aware of it. And I knew they had to be Communists."<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She organized a fight to regain control of the committee from its pro-Soviet leadership, but her reform efforts failed. Her resignation from the committee triggered a wave of resignations by 11 other Hollywood figures, including future president [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref name="wsj-meroney"/>{{#tag:ref|Reagan was a relatively new board member when he was invited to join 10 other film-industry colleagues, including MGM studio head [[Dore Schary]], for a meeting at de{{nbsp}}Havilland's house where he was first told that Communists were trying to gain control of the committee.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|p=112}} During the meeting, he turned to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, who was on the executive committee, and whispered, "You know, Olivia, I always thought ''you'' might be one of them." Laughing, she responded, "That's funny. I thought ''you'' were one of them." Reagan suggested they propose a resolution at the next meeting that included language reaffirmed the committee's "belief in free enterprise and the Democratic system" and repudiated "Communism as desirable for the United States"{{nsmdns}}the executive committee voted it down the following week.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|pp=112–113}} Shortly afterwards, the committee disbanded and merged with the [[National Citizens PAC]] to form the [[Progressive Citizens of America]] (PCA).<ref name=Abt> {{cite book | first1 = John J. | last1= Abt | authorlink1 = John J. Abt | first2 = Michael | last2 = Myerson | title = Advocate and Activist: Memoirs of an American Communist Lawyer | publisher = University of Illinois Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9REaIPPh4k4C | pages = 138–9 (Chicago), 141 (merger) | date = 1993 | isbn= 9780252020308 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite magazine | title = National Affairs: Merger | magazine= TIME | url = http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,853003,00.html | date = January 6, 1947 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite web | title = Guide to the C.B. Baldwin Papers | publisher = University of Iowa | url = http://collguides.lib.uiowa.edu/?MSC0343 | date = | accessdate = November 25, 2016}}</ref> Despite organising Hollywood resistance to Soviet influence, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was denounced later that year as a "[[Pinko|swimming-pool pink]]" in ''Time'' magazine for her involvement in the committee.{{sfn|Gottfried|2002|p=146}}|group=Note}} In 1958, she was secretly called before the [[House Un-American Activities Committee]] and recounted her experiences with the Independent Citizens' Committee.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> ===Relationship with Joan Fontaine=== [[File:Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper holding Oscars|Joan Fontaine and [[Gary Cooper]] at the Academy Awards, 1942]] De Havilland and her sister [[Joan Fontaine]] are the only siblings to have each won Academy Awards in a lead acting category.<ref name="time-berman"/> According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], the sisters always had an uneasy relationship, starting in early childhood when Olivia had trouble accepting the idea of having a younger sister and Joan resented that her mother favored Olivia. Olivia would tear the clothes that her sister was given to wear as hand-me-downs, forcing Joan to stitch them together again.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> This tension was made worse by Fontaine's frequent childhood illnesses, which led to her mother's overly protective expression "Livvie can, Joan can't."{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland was the first to become an actress, and for several years Fontaine was overshadowed by her sister's accomplishments. When [[Mervyn LeRoy]] offered Fontaine a personal contract, her mother told her that Warner Bros. was "Olivia's studio" and that she could not use the family name of de{{nbsp}}Havilland.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=72}} In 1942, de{{nbsp}}Havilland and Fontaine were both nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress{{nsmdns}}de{{nbsp}}Havilland for ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' and Fontaine for ''[[Suspicion (1941 film)|Suspicion]]''. When Fontaine's name was announced as winner, de{{nbsp}}Havilland reacted graciously saying "We've got it!"{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=69}} According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], Fontaine rejected de{{nbsp}}Havilland's attempts to congratulate her, leaving de{{nbsp}}Havilland offended and embarrassed.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Their relationship was strained further in 1946 when Fontaine made negative comments to an interviewer about de{{nbsp}}Havilland's new husband Marcus Goodrich. When she read her sister's remarks, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was deeply hurt and waited for an apology that was never offered.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The following year after accepting her first Academy Award for ''To Each His Own'', de{{nbsp}}Havilland was approached backstage by Fontaine, who extended her hand to congratulate her; de{{nbsp}}Havilland turned away from her sister.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The two did not speak for the next five years.{{#tag:ref|In 1957, in the only interview in which she ever commented on her relationship with her sister, de{{nbsp}}Havilland told the Associated Press "Joan is very bright and sharp and has a wit that can be cutting. She said some things about Marcus that hurt me deeply. She was aware there was an estrangement between us."<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>|group=Note}} This may have caused an estrangement between Fontaine and her own daughters, who maintained a covert relationship with their aunt.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Following her divorce from Goodrich, de{{nbsp}}Havilland resumed contact with her sister,<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> visiting Fontaine's New York apartment and spending Christmas together in 1961.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/><ref name="getty-galella"/> The final break between the sisters occurred in 1975 over disagreements regarding their mother's cancer treatment; de{{nbsp}}Havilland wanted to consult other doctors and supported exploratory surgery but Fontaine disagreed.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=298}} Fontaine later claimed that de{{nbsp}}Havilland had not notified her of their mother's death while she was touring with a play, but de{{nbsp}}Havilland had in fact sent a telegram, which took two weeks to reach her sister.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> However, according to Fontaine in a 1979 interview with the CBC, de Havilland did not bother to phone to find out where she could be reached. The sibling feud lasted until Fontaine's death on December 15, 2013.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>{{#tag:ref|Fontaine once remarked, "I married first, won the Oscar before Olivia did, and if I die first, she'll undoubtedly be livid because I beat her to it!"<ref name="wp-bernstein"/>|group=Note}} The following day, de{{nbsp}}Havilland released a statement saying that she was "shocked and saddened" by the news.<ref name="cbsnews-djansezian-shocked"/> === Death === De Havilland died in her sleep of natural causes at her home in Paris on July 26, 2020, at the age of 104.{{refn|group=Note|De Havilland's publicist, Lisa Goldberg, confirmed that she had died of natural causes in her sleep on Sunday, July 26, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Lee |last1=Smith |first2=Chuck |last2=Johnston |title=Olivia de Havilland, star of 'Gone With the Wind,' dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |publisher=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/26/entertainment/olivia-de-havilland-dies/index.html |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref> However, due to the wording of some of the announcements (such as her former lawyer Suzelle M. Smith stating de Havilland had died "last night"<ref>{{Cite web |first=Tim |last=Gray |title=Olivia de Havilland, 'Gone With the Wind' Star, Dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/olivia-de-havilland-dead-died-gone-with-the-wind-1234716790/ |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref>) some media outlets misreported the date of death as the 25th.<ref name="EW-104">{{Cite magazine|last=Staskiewicz|first=Keith|date=July 26, 2020|title='Gone With the Wind' star Olivia de Havilland dies at 104|url=https://ew.com/movies/gone-with-the-wind-star-olivia-de-havilland-dies-at-104/|access-date=July 26, 2020|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref>}} Her funeral was held on August 1, 2020, at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]]. After cremation, her ashes were placed in the crematorium-columbarium of [[Père-Lachaise]], in an urn later to be transferred to a family burial place on the British island of [[Guernsey]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arlin |first1=Marc |date=August 7, 2020 |title=Mort d'Olivia de Havilland : ses obsèques se sont déroulées dans la plus stricte intimité |language=fr |work=Télé-Loisirs |url=https://www.programme-tv.net/news/cinema/258662-mort-dolivia-de-havilland-ses-obseques-se-sont-deroulees-dans-la-plus-stricte-intimite/ |access-date=August 26, 2020}}</ref> site=[[Gold Coast Bulletin]]|date=May 6, 2017}}</ref> In 2021, the Olivia de Havilland Theater was inaugurated at the [[American University of Paris]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.laurelzuckerman.com/2021/12/olivia-de-havilland-honored-in-paris.html|title=Olivia de Havilland honored in Paris|work=Paris Writers News|author= Gabrielle, Lara|date=December 24, 2021}}</ref> ==Àmì eye== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Film ! Result ! class="unsortable"| {{Tooltip|Ref|Reference}} |- | 1940 | rowspan="4" | [[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] | ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1942 | rowspan="3" | [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1946 | ''[[To Each His Own (1946 film)|To Each His Own]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1948 | rowspan="3" | ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1948 | [[National Board of Review]] | [[National Board of Review Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1948 | [[New York Film Critics Circle]] | [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1949 | [[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | rowspan="3" | ''[[The Heiress]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1949 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress - Drama]] | {{won}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1949 | [[New York Film Critics Circle]] | Best Actress | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1949 | [[Venice Film Festival|Venice Film Festival Volpi Cup]] | [[Volpi Cup for Best Actress]] | ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1953 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]] | ''[[My Cousin Rachel (1952 film)|My Cousin Rachel]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1960 | [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] | [[List of stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame|Star - Motion Pictures]] | — | {{won|Honored}} |<ref name="hollywood-walk" /> |- | 1986 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role]] | rowspan="2" | ''[[Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1986 | [[Primetime Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]] | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie|Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries]] | {{nom}} | <ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1998 | Honorary Doctorate | [[University of Hertfordshire]] | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="tcm-notes" /> |- | 2006 | Online Film & Television Association | Film Hall of Fame | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="ofta-hall" /> |- | 2008 | National Medal of Arts | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="wh-archive" /> |- | 2010 | [[Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur]] | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="ap-corbet" /> |- | 2016 | Oldie of the Year | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="bbc-oldie" /> |} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 7v0vsr1o4z5qwr519ewdyykhxq3zl33 624879 624878 2026-07-02T07:12:41Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Wọ́n tún fún un ní ànfàní láti ṣe ipa Puck nínú eré onípele A Midsummer Night's Dream tí William Shakespeare kọ, tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Theater ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ Reinhardt rí de Havilland nígbà tó ń ṣe eré onípele ní Saratoga, ó sì fún un ní ipò òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn kejì (second understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. == Ìgbésí ayé re == === Àwọn ìbáṣepọ̀ === Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn tọkọtaya tí ó <ref name="tcm-bio"/> de{{nbsp}}Havilland and [[Errol Flynn]] were never involved in a romantic relationship.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/> Upon first meeting her at Warner Bros. in August 1935, 26-year-old Flynn was drawn to the 19-year-old actress with "warm brown eyes" and "extraordinary charm".{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} In turn, de{{nbsp}}Havilland fell in love with him,<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|In 2009, de{{nbsp}}Havilland said, "Yes, we did fall in love and I believe that this is evident in the screen chemistry between us. But his circumstances at the time prevented the relationship going further. I have not talked about it a great deal, but the relationship was not consummated. Chemistry was there, though. It was there."<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>|group=Note}} but kept her feelings to herself. Flynn later wrote, "By the time we made ''The Charge of the Light Brigade'', I was sure that I was in love with her."{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} Flynn finally professed his love on March 12, 1937, at the [[coronation of George VI|coronation ball]] for King [[George VI]] at the [[Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)|Ambassador Hotel]] in Los Angeles, where they [[slow dance]]d together to "[[Sweet Leilani]]" at the hotel's Coconut Grove nightclub.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=52–53}} "I was deeply affected by him," she later remembered, "It was impossible for me not to be."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} The evening ended on a sobering note, with de{{nbsp}}Havilland insisting that despite his separation from his wife [[Lili Damita]], he needed to divorce her before their relationship could proceed.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} Flynn reunited with his wife later that year,{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=65–66}} and de{{nbsp}}Havilland never acted on her feelings for Flynn.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|During the making of ''Robin Hood'' in November 1937, de Havilland decided to tease Flynn who was being watched closely on the set by his wife. In 2005, de Havilland said, "And so we had one kissing scene, which I looked forward to with great delight. I remember I blew every take, at least six in a row, maybe seven, maybe eight, and we had to kiss all over again. And Errol Flynn got really rather uncomfortable, and he had, if I may say so, a little trouble with his tights."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}}|group=Note}} In July 1938, de{{nbsp}}Havilland began dating business tycoon, aviator, and filmmaker [[Howard Hughes]],{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} who had just completed his record-setting flight around the world in 91 hours.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In addition to escorting her about town, he gave the actress her first flying lessons.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} She later said, "He was a rather shy man ... and yet, in a whole community where the men every day played heroes on the screen and didn't do anything heroic in life, here was this man who was a real hero."<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In December 1939, she began a romantic relationship with actor [[James Stewart]]. At the request of [[Irene Mayer Selznick]], the actor's agent asked Stewart to escort de{{nbsp}}Havilland to the New York premiere of ''Gone with the Wind'' at the Astor Theater on December 19, 1939. Over the next few days, Stewart took her to the theater several times and to the [[21 Club]].{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=137}} They continued to see each other back in Los Angeles, where Stewart provided occasional flying lessons and romance.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} According to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, Stewart proposed marriage to her in 1940, but she felt that he was not ready to settle down.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} Their relationship ended in late 1941 when de{{nbsp}}Havilland began a romantic relationship with film director [[John Huston]] while making ''In This Our Life''.{{sfnm|1a1=Fishgall|1y=1997|1p=148|2a1=Meyers|2y=2011|2p=85}} "John was a very great love of mine", she later said, "He was a man I wanted to marry."{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=87}}{{#tag:ref|On April 29, 1945, at the home of producer David O. Selznick, Huston, who knew about de Havilland's three-year crush on Flynn, confronted the Australian actor{{nsmdns}}who suffered from tuberculosis{{nsmdns}}about his not serving in the military during the war.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}} When Flynn responded by alluding to his former "relationship" with de Havilland, Huston initiated an extended fistfight with the expert amateur boxer which landed them both in the hospital.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}}|group=Note}} ===Marriages and children=== [[File:Olivia de Havilland with son Benjamin c. 1952.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Smiling while holding her son in her arms|With her son, Benjamin, {{circa|1952}}]] On August 26, 1946, she married [[Marcus Goodrich]], a U.S. Navy veteran, journalist, and author of the novel ''Delilah'' (1941).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=38}} De Havilland filed for divorce in 1952, writing in her suit that Goodrich had "pursued a course of cruel treatment" and had "wrongfully inflicted upon her grievous physical and mental suffering, all without provocation or any excuse whatsoever."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Paula |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Late "Gone with the Wind" star's husband, family had deep roots in San Antonio |url=https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Late-Gone-with-the-Wind-star-s-husband-15524513.php |access-date=March 18, 2025 |website=San Antonio Express-News}}</ref>{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=41}} They had one child, Benjamin Goodrich, who was born on September 27, 1949.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=40}} Benjamin was diagnosed with [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]] at the age of 19<ref name="tcm-bio"/> and graduated from the University of Texas. He worked as a statistical analyst for [[Lockheed Missiles and Space Company]] in [[Sunnyvale, California]], and as an international banking representative for the [[Texas Commerce Bank]] in Houston.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> He died on September 29, 1991, in Paris at the age of 42 of heart disease brought on by treatments for Hodgkin's disease, three weeks before the death of his father.<ref name="nytimes-honan"/><ref name="reel-bio"/> On April 2, 1955, de{{nbsp}}Havilland married Pierre Galante, an executive editor for the magazine ''[[Paris Match]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=41–42}} Her marriage to Galante prompted her relocation to Paris. The couple separated in 1962 for undisclosed reasons but continued to live in the same house for another six years to raise their daughter together.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}}<ref name="philly-rickey"/><ref name="people-vespa"/> Galante moved across the street and the two remained close, even after the divorce was finalized in 1979.<ref name="philly-rickey"/> She looked after him during his final bout with lung cancer prior to his death in 1998. They had one child, Gisèle Galante, who was born on July 18, 1956.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}} After studying law at the [[Paris Nanterre University]] School of Law, Gisèle worked as a journalist in France and the United States.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> From 1956, de{{nbsp}}Havilland lived in a three-story house near the Bois de Boulogne in Paris.<ref name="latimes-tartaglione"/> ===Religion and politics=== De{{nbsp}}Havilland was raised in the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]] and remained an Episcopalian throughout her life.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/>{{#tag:ref|In a 2015 interview, de Havilland stated that her religious beliefs had lapsed in her adult years, but that she regained her faith when her son was ill. Her renewed faith inspired her sister to return to the Episcopal Church.<ref name="variety-stadiem-notorious"/>|group=Note}} In the 1970s, she became one of the first women [[Reader (liturgy)|lector]]s at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]], where she was on the regular rota for Scripture readings. As recently as 2012, she was doing readings on major [[Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)|feast days]],<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> including Christmas and Easter. "It's a task I love", she once said.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In describing her preparation for her readings, she once observed, "You have to convey the deep meaning, you see, and it has to start with your own faith. But first, I always pray. I pray before I start to prepare, as well. In fact, I would always say a prayer before shooting a scene, so this is not so different, in a way."<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> De{{nbsp}}Havilland preferred to use the [[Revised English Bible]] for its poetic style.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> She raised her son Benjamin in the Episcopal Church and her daughter Gisèle in the [[Roman Catholic Church]], the faith of each child's father.{{sfn|De Havilland|1962|pp=103–104}} As a United States citizen,<ref name="cnn-facts"/> de{{nbsp}}Havilland became involved in politics as a way of exercising her civic responsibilities.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She campaigned for [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s ultimately successful reelection bid in 1944.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> After the war, she joined the [[Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions]], a national public-policy advocacy group that included [[Bette Davis]], [[Gregory Peck]], [[Groucho Marx]], and [[Humphrey Bogart]] in its Hollywood chapter.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In June 1946, she was asked to deliver speeches for the committee that, in her view, reflected the [[Communist Party USA|Communist Party]] line. The group was later alleged to be a [[communist front]] organization.{{sfn|Billingsley|1998|pp=123–124}} De Havilland removed from her speeches the material that she considered pro-communist and rewrote them to reflect Democratic president [[Harry S. Truman]]'s anti-communist platform. She later recalled, "I realized a nucleus of people was controlling the organization without a majority of the members of the board being aware of it. And I knew they had to be Communists."<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She organized a fight to regain control of the committee from its pro-Soviet leadership, but her reform efforts failed. Her resignation from the committee triggered a wave of resignations by 11 other Hollywood figures, including future president [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref name="wsj-meroney"/>{{#tag:ref|Reagan was a relatively new board member when he was invited to join 10 other film-industry colleagues, including MGM studio head [[Dore Schary]], for a meeting at de{{nbsp}}Havilland's house where he was first told that Communists were trying to gain control of the committee.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|p=112}} During the meeting, he turned to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, who was on the executive committee, and whispered, "You know, Olivia, I always thought ''you'' might be one of them." Laughing, she responded, "That's funny. I thought ''you'' were one of them." Reagan suggested they propose a resolution at the next meeting that included language reaffirmed the committee's "belief in free enterprise and the Democratic system" and repudiated "Communism as desirable for the United States"{{nsmdns}}the executive committee voted it down the following week.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|pp=112–113}} Shortly afterwards, the committee disbanded and merged with the [[National Citizens PAC]] to form the [[Progressive Citizens of America]] (PCA).<ref name=Abt> {{cite book | first1 = John J. | last1= Abt | authorlink1 = John J. Abt | first2 = Michael | last2 = Myerson | title = Advocate and Activist: Memoirs of an American Communist Lawyer | publisher = University of Illinois Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9REaIPPh4k4C | pages = 138–9 (Chicago), 141 (merger) | date = 1993 | isbn= 9780252020308 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite magazine | title = National Affairs: Merger | magazine= TIME | url = http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,853003,00.html | date = January 6, 1947 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite web | title = Guide to the C.B. Baldwin Papers | publisher = University of Iowa | url = http://collguides.lib.uiowa.edu/?MSC0343 | date = | accessdate = November 25, 2016}}</ref> Despite organising Hollywood resistance to Soviet influence, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was denounced later that year as a "[[Pinko|swimming-pool pink]]" in ''Time'' magazine for her involvement in the committee.{{sfn|Gottfried|2002|p=146}}|group=Note}} In 1958, she was secretly called before the [[House Un-American Activities Committee]] and recounted her experiences with the Independent Citizens' Committee.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> ===Relationship with Joan Fontaine=== [[File:Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper holding Oscars|Joan Fontaine and [[Gary Cooper]] at the Academy Awards, 1942]] De Havilland and her sister [[Joan Fontaine]] are the only siblings to have each won Academy Awards in a lead acting category.<ref name="time-berman"/> According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], the sisters always had an uneasy relationship, starting in early childhood when Olivia had trouble accepting the idea of having a younger sister and Joan resented that her mother favored Olivia. Olivia would tear the clothes that her sister was given to wear as hand-me-downs, forcing Joan to stitch them together again.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> This tension was made worse by Fontaine's frequent childhood illnesses, which led to her mother's overly protective expression "Livvie can, Joan can't."{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland was the first to become an actress, and for several years Fontaine was overshadowed by her sister's accomplishments. When [[Mervyn LeRoy]] offered Fontaine a personal contract, her mother told her that Warner Bros. was "Olivia's studio" and that she could not use the family name of de{{nbsp}}Havilland.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=72}} In 1942, de{{nbsp}}Havilland and Fontaine were both nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress{{nsmdns}}de{{nbsp}}Havilland for ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' and Fontaine for ''[[Suspicion (1941 film)|Suspicion]]''. When Fontaine's name was announced as winner, de{{nbsp}}Havilland reacted graciously saying "We've got it!"{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=69}} According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], Fontaine rejected de{{nbsp}}Havilland's attempts to congratulate her, leaving de{{nbsp}}Havilland offended and embarrassed.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Their relationship was strained further in 1946 when Fontaine made negative comments to an interviewer about de{{nbsp}}Havilland's new husband Marcus Goodrich. When she read her sister's remarks, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was deeply hurt and waited for an apology that was never offered.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The following year after accepting her first Academy Award for ''To Each His Own'', de{{nbsp}}Havilland was approached backstage by Fontaine, who extended her hand to congratulate her; de{{nbsp}}Havilland turned away from her sister.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The two did not speak for the next five years.{{#tag:ref|In 1957, in the only interview in which she ever commented on her relationship with her sister, de{{nbsp}}Havilland told the Associated Press "Joan is very bright and sharp and has a wit that can be cutting. She said some things about Marcus that hurt me deeply. She was aware there was an estrangement between us."<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>|group=Note}} This may have caused an estrangement between Fontaine and her own daughters, who maintained a covert relationship with their aunt.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Following her divorce from Goodrich, de{{nbsp}}Havilland resumed contact with her sister,<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> visiting Fontaine's New York apartment and spending Christmas together in 1961.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/><ref name="getty-galella"/> The final break between the sisters occurred in 1975 over disagreements regarding their mother's cancer treatment; de{{nbsp}}Havilland wanted to consult other doctors and supported exploratory surgery but Fontaine disagreed.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=298}} Fontaine later claimed that de{{nbsp}}Havilland had not notified her of their mother's death while she was touring with a play, but de{{nbsp}}Havilland had in fact sent a telegram, which took two weeks to reach her sister.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> However, according to Fontaine in a 1979 interview with the CBC, de Havilland did not bother to phone to find out where she could be reached. The sibling feud lasted until Fontaine's death on December 15, 2013.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>{{#tag:ref|Fontaine once remarked, "I married first, won the Oscar before Olivia did, and if I die first, she'll undoubtedly be livid because I beat her to it!"<ref name="wp-bernstein"/>|group=Note}} The following day, de{{nbsp}}Havilland released a statement saying that she was "shocked and saddened" by the news.<ref name="cbsnews-djansezian-shocked"/> === Death === De Havilland died in her sleep of natural causes at her home in Paris on July 26, 2020, at the age of 104.{{refn|group=Note|De Havilland's publicist, Lisa Goldberg, confirmed that she had died of natural causes in her sleep on Sunday, July 26, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Lee |last1=Smith |first2=Chuck |last2=Johnston |title=Olivia de Havilland, star of 'Gone With the Wind,' dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |publisher=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/26/entertainment/olivia-de-havilland-dies/index.html |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref> However, due to the wording of some of the announcements (such as her former lawyer Suzelle M. Smith stating de Havilland had died "last night"<ref>{{Cite web |first=Tim |last=Gray |title=Olivia de Havilland, 'Gone With the Wind' Star, Dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/olivia-de-havilland-dead-died-gone-with-the-wind-1234716790/ |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref>) some media outlets misreported the date of death as the 25th.<ref name="EW-104">{{Cite magazine|last=Staskiewicz|first=Keith|date=July 26, 2020|title='Gone With the Wind' star Olivia de Havilland dies at 104|url=https://ew.com/movies/gone-with-the-wind-star-olivia-de-havilland-dies-at-104/|access-date=July 26, 2020|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref>}} Her funeral was held on August 1, 2020, at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]]. After cremation, her ashes were placed in the crematorium-columbarium of [[Père-Lachaise]], in an urn later to be transferred to a family burial place on the British island of [[Guernsey]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arlin |first1=Marc |date=August 7, 2020 |title=Mort d'Olivia de Havilland : ses obsèques se sont déroulées dans la plus stricte intimité |language=fr |work=Télé-Loisirs |url=https://www.programme-tv.net/news/cinema/258662-mort-dolivia-de-havilland-ses-obseques-se-sont-deroulees-dans-la-plus-stricte-intimite/ |access-date=August 26, 2020}}</ref> site=[[Gold Coast Bulletin]]|date=May 6, 2017}}</ref> In 2021, the Olivia de Havilland Theater was inaugurated at the [[American University of Paris]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.laurelzuckerman.com/2021/12/olivia-de-havilland-honored-in-paris.html|title=Olivia de Havilland honored in Paris|work=Paris Writers News|author= Gabrielle, Lara|date=December 24, 2021}}</ref> ==Àmì eye== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Film ! Result ! class="unsortable"| {{Tooltip|Ref|Reference}} |- | 1940 | rowspan="4" | [[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] | ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1942 | rowspan="3" | [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1946 | ''[[To Each His Own (1946 film)|To Each His Own]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1948 | rowspan="3" | ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1948 | [[National Board of Review]] | [[National Board of Review Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1948 | [[New York Film Critics Circle]] | [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1949 | [[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | rowspan="3" | ''[[The Heiress]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1949 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress - Drama]] | {{won}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1949 | [[New York Film Critics Circle]] | Best Actress | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1949 | [[Venice Film Festival|Venice Film Festival Volpi Cup]] | [[Volpi Cup for Best Actress]] | ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1953 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]] | ''[[My Cousin Rachel (1952 film)|My Cousin Rachel]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1960 | [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] | [[List of stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame|Star - Motion Pictures]] | — | {{won|Honored}} |<ref name="hollywood-walk" /> |- | 1986 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role]] | rowspan="2" | ''[[Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1986 | [[Primetime Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]] | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie|Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries]] | {{nom}} | <ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1998 | Honorary Doctorate | [[University of Hertfordshire]] | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="tcm-notes" /> |- | 2006 | Online Film & Television Association | Film Hall of Fame | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="ofta-hall" /> |- | 2008 | National Medal of Arts | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="wh-archive" /> |- | 2010 | [[Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur]] | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="ap-corbet" /> |- | 2016 | Oldie of the Year | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="bbc-oldie" /> |} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] g1egx1thcw9d0o2o6yr9g9u55i3k0su 624880 624879 2026-07-02T07:12:59Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Wọ́n tún fún un ní ànfàní láti ṣe ipa Puck nínú eré onípele A Midsummer Night's Dream tí William Shakespeare kọ, tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Theater ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ Reinhardt rí de Havilland nígbà tó ń ṣe eré onípele ní Saratoga, ó sì fún un ní ipò òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn kejì (second understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. == Ìgbésí ayé re == === Àwọn ìbáṣepọ̀ === Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn tọkọtaya tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ lórí iboju fíìmù ní Hollywood,<ref name="tcm-bio"/> de{{nbsp}}Havilland and [[Errol Flynn]] were never involved in a romantic relationship.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/> Upon first meeting her at Warner Bros. in August 1935, 26-year-old Flynn was drawn to the 19-year-old actress with "warm brown eyes" and "extraordinary charm".{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} In turn, de{{nbsp}}Havilland fell in love with him,<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|In 2009, de{{nbsp}}Havilland said, "Yes, we did fall in love and I believe that this is evident in the screen chemistry between us. But his circumstances at the time prevented the relationship going further. I have not talked about it a great deal, but the relationship was not consummated. Chemistry was there, though. It was there."<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>|group=Note}} but kept her feelings to herself. Flynn later wrote, "By the time we made ''The Charge of the Light Brigade'', I was sure that I was in love with her."{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} Flynn finally professed his love on March 12, 1937, at the [[coronation of George VI|coronation ball]] for King [[George VI]] at the [[Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)|Ambassador Hotel]] in Los Angeles, where they [[slow dance]]d together to "[[Sweet Leilani]]" at the hotel's Coconut Grove nightclub.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=52–53}} "I was deeply affected by him," she later remembered, "It was impossible for me not to be."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} The evening ended on a sobering note, with de{{nbsp}}Havilland insisting that despite his separation from his wife [[Lili Damita]], he needed to divorce her before their relationship could proceed.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} Flynn reunited with his wife later that year,{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=65–66}} and de{{nbsp}}Havilland never acted on her feelings for Flynn.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|During the making of ''Robin Hood'' in November 1937, de Havilland decided to tease Flynn who was being watched closely on the set by his wife. In 2005, de Havilland said, "And so we had one kissing scene, which I looked forward to with great delight. I remember I blew every take, at least six in a row, maybe seven, maybe eight, and we had to kiss all over again. And Errol Flynn got really rather uncomfortable, and he had, if I may say so, a little trouble with his tights."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}}|group=Note}} In July 1938, de{{nbsp}}Havilland began dating business tycoon, aviator, and filmmaker [[Howard Hughes]],{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} who had just completed his record-setting flight around the world in 91 hours.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In addition to escorting her about town, he gave the actress her first flying lessons.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} She later said, "He was a rather shy man ... and yet, in a whole community where the men every day played heroes on the screen and didn't do anything heroic in life, here was this man who was a real hero."<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In December 1939, she began a romantic relationship with actor [[James Stewart]]. At the request of [[Irene Mayer Selznick]], the actor's agent asked Stewart to escort de{{nbsp}}Havilland to the New York premiere of ''Gone with the Wind'' at the Astor Theater on December 19, 1939. Over the next few days, Stewart took her to the theater several times and to the [[21 Club]].{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=137}} They continued to see each other back in Los Angeles, where Stewart provided occasional flying lessons and romance.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} According to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, Stewart proposed marriage to her in 1940, but she felt that he was not ready to settle down.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} Their relationship ended in late 1941 when de{{nbsp}}Havilland began a romantic relationship with film director [[John Huston]] while making ''In This Our Life''.{{sfnm|1a1=Fishgall|1y=1997|1p=148|2a1=Meyers|2y=2011|2p=85}} "John was a very great love of mine", she later said, "He was a man I wanted to marry."{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=87}}{{#tag:ref|On April 29, 1945, at the home of producer David O. Selznick, Huston, who knew about de Havilland's three-year crush on Flynn, confronted the Australian actor{{nsmdns}}who suffered from tuberculosis{{nsmdns}}about his not serving in the military during the war.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}} When Flynn responded by alluding to his former "relationship" with de Havilland, Huston initiated an extended fistfight with the expert amateur boxer which landed them both in the hospital.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}}|group=Note}} ===Marriages and children=== [[File:Olivia de Havilland with son Benjamin c. 1952.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Smiling while holding her son in her arms|With her son, Benjamin, {{circa|1952}}]] On August 26, 1946, she married [[Marcus Goodrich]], a U.S. Navy veteran, journalist, and author of the novel ''Delilah'' (1941).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=38}} De Havilland filed for divorce in 1952, writing in her suit that Goodrich had "pursued a course of cruel treatment" and had "wrongfully inflicted upon her grievous physical and mental suffering, all without provocation or any excuse whatsoever."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Paula |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Late "Gone with the Wind" star's husband, family had deep roots in San Antonio |url=https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Late-Gone-with-the-Wind-star-s-husband-15524513.php |access-date=March 18, 2025 |website=San Antonio Express-News}}</ref>{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=41}} They had one child, Benjamin Goodrich, who was born on September 27, 1949.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=40}} Benjamin was diagnosed with [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]] at the age of 19<ref name="tcm-bio"/> and graduated from the University of Texas. He worked as a statistical analyst for [[Lockheed Missiles and Space Company]] in [[Sunnyvale, California]], and as an international banking representative for the [[Texas Commerce Bank]] in Houston.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> He died on September 29, 1991, in Paris at the age of 42 of heart disease brought on by treatments for Hodgkin's disease, three weeks before the death of his father.<ref name="nytimes-honan"/><ref name="reel-bio"/> On April 2, 1955, de{{nbsp}}Havilland married Pierre Galante, an executive editor for the magazine ''[[Paris Match]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=41–42}} Her marriage to Galante prompted her relocation to Paris. The couple separated in 1962 for undisclosed reasons but continued to live in the same house for another six years to raise their daughter together.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}}<ref name="philly-rickey"/><ref name="people-vespa"/> Galante moved across the street and the two remained close, even after the divorce was finalized in 1979.<ref name="philly-rickey"/> She looked after him during his final bout with lung cancer prior to his death in 1998. They had one child, Gisèle Galante, who was born on July 18, 1956.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}} After studying law at the [[Paris Nanterre University]] School of Law, Gisèle worked as a journalist in France and the United States.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> From 1956, de{{nbsp}}Havilland lived in a three-story house near the Bois de Boulogne in Paris.<ref name="latimes-tartaglione"/> ===Religion and politics=== De{{nbsp}}Havilland was raised in the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]] and remained an Episcopalian throughout her life.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/>{{#tag:ref|In a 2015 interview, de Havilland stated that her religious beliefs had lapsed in her adult years, but that she regained her faith when her son was ill. Her renewed faith inspired her sister to return to the Episcopal Church.<ref name="variety-stadiem-notorious"/>|group=Note}} In the 1970s, she became one of the first women [[Reader (liturgy)|lector]]s at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]], where she was on the regular rota for Scripture readings. As recently as 2012, she was doing readings on major [[Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)|feast days]],<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> including Christmas and Easter. "It's a task I love", she once said.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In describing her preparation for her readings, she once observed, "You have to convey the deep meaning, you see, and it has to start with your own faith. But first, I always pray. I pray before I start to prepare, as well. In fact, I would always say a prayer before shooting a scene, so this is not so different, in a way."<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> De{{nbsp}}Havilland preferred to use the [[Revised English Bible]] for its poetic style.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> She raised her son Benjamin in the Episcopal Church and her daughter Gisèle in the [[Roman Catholic Church]], the faith of each child's father.{{sfn|De Havilland|1962|pp=103–104}} As a United States citizen,<ref name="cnn-facts"/> de{{nbsp}}Havilland became involved in politics as a way of exercising her civic responsibilities.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She campaigned for [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s ultimately successful reelection bid in 1944.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> After the war, she joined the [[Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions]], a national public-policy advocacy group that included [[Bette Davis]], [[Gregory Peck]], [[Groucho Marx]], and [[Humphrey Bogart]] in its Hollywood chapter.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In June 1946, she was asked to deliver speeches for the committee that, in her view, reflected the [[Communist Party USA|Communist Party]] line. The group was later alleged to be a [[communist front]] organization.{{sfn|Billingsley|1998|pp=123–124}} De Havilland removed from her speeches the material that she considered pro-communist and rewrote them to reflect Democratic president [[Harry S. Truman]]'s anti-communist platform. She later recalled, "I realized a nucleus of people was controlling the organization without a majority of the members of the board being aware of it. And I knew they had to be Communists."<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She organized a fight to regain control of the committee from its pro-Soviet leadership, but her reform efforts failed. Her resignation from the committee triggered a wave of resignations by 11 other Hollywood figures, including future president [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref name="wsj-meroney"/>{{#tag:ref|Reagan was a relatively new board member when he was invited to join 10 other film-industry colleagues, including MGM studio head [[Dore Schary]], for a meeting at de{{nbsp}}Havilland's house where he was first told that Communists were trying to gain control of the committee.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|p=112}} During the meeting, he turned to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, who was on the executive committee, and whispered, "You know, Olivia, I always thought ''you'' might be one of them." Laughing, she responded, "That's funny. I thought ''you'' were one of them." Reagan suggested they propose a resolution at the next meeting that included language reaffirmed the committee's "belief in free enterprise and the Democratic system" and repudiated "Communism as desirable for the United States"{{nsmdns}}the executive committee voted it down the following week.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|pp=112–113}} Shortly afterwards, the committee disbanded and merged with the [[National Citizens PAC]] to form the [[Progressive Citizens of America]] (PCA).<ref name=Abt> {{cite book | first1 = John J. | last1= Abt | authorlink1 = John J. Abt | first2 = Michael | last2 = Myerson | title = Advocate and Activist: Memoirs of an American Communist Lawyer | publisher = University of Illinois Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9REaIPPh4k4C | pages = 138–9 (Chicago), 141 (merger) | date = 1993 | isbn= 9780252020308 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite magazine | title = National Affairs: Merger | magazine= TIME | url = http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,853003,00.html | date = January 6, 1947 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite web | title = Guide to the C.B. Baldwin Papers | publisher = University of Iowa | url = http://collguides.lib.uiowa.edu/?MSC0343 | date = | accessdate = November 25, 2016}}</ref> Despite organising Hollywood resistance to Soviet influence, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was denounced later that year as a "[[Pinko|swimming-pool pink]]" in ''Time'' magazine for her involvement in the committee.{{sfn|Gottfried|2002|p=146}}|group=Note}} In 1958, she was secretly called before the [[House Un-American Activities Committee]] and recounted her experiences with the Independent Citizens' Committee.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> ===Relationship with Joan Fontaine=== [[File:Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper holding Oscars|Joan Fontaine and [[Gary Cooper]] at the Academy Awards, 1942]] De Havilland and her sister [[Joan Fontaine]] are the only siblings to have each won Academy Awards in a lead acting category.<ref name="time-berman"/> According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], the sisters always had an uneasy relationship, starting in early childhood when Olivia had trouble accepting the idea of having a younger sister and Joan resented that her mother favored Olivia. Olivia would tear the clothes that her sister was given to wear as hand-me-downs, forcing Joan to stitch them together again.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> This tension was made worse by Fontaine's frequent childhood illnesses, which led to her mother's overly protective expression "Livvie can, Joan can't."{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland was the first to become an actress, and for several years Fontaine was overshadowed by her sister's accomplishments. When [[Mervyn LeRoy]] offered Fontaine a personal contract, her mother told her that Warner Bros. was "Olivia's studio" and that she could not use the family name of de{{nbsp}}Havilland.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=72}} In 1942, de{{nbsp}}Havilland and Fontaine were both nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress{{nsmdns}}de{{nbsp}}Havilland for ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' and Fontaine for ''[[Suspicion (1941 film)|Suspicion]]''. When Fontaine's name was announced as winner, de{{nbsp}}Havilland reacted graciously saying "We've got it!"{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=69}} According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], Fontaine rejected de{{nbsp}}Havilland's attempts to congratulate her, leaving de{{nbsp}}Havilland offended and embarrassed.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Their relationship was strained further in 1946 when Fontaine made negative comments to an interviewer about de{{nbsp}}Havilland's new husband Marcus Goodrich. When she read her sister's remarks, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was deeply hurt and waited for an apology that was never offered.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The following year after accepting her first Academy Award for ''To Each His Own'', de{{nbsp}}Havilland was approached backstage by Fontaine, who extended her hand to congratulate her; de{{nbsp}}Havilland turned away from her sister.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The two did not speak for the next five years.{{#tag:ref|In 1957, in the only interview in which she ever commented on her relationship with her sister, de{{nbsp}}Havilland told the Associated Press "Joan is very bright and sharp and has a wit that can be cutting. She said some things about Marcus that hurt me deeply. She was aware there was an estrangement between us."<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>|group=Note}} This may have caused an estrangement between Fontaine and her own daughters, who maintained a covert relationship with their aunt.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Following her divorce from Goodrich, de{{nbsp}}Havilland resumed contact with her sister,<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> visiting Fontaine's New York apartment and spending Christmas together in 1961.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/><ref name="getty-galella"/> The final break between the sisters occurred in 1975 over disagreements regarding their mother's cancer treatment; de{{nbsp}}Havilland wanted to consult other doctors and supported exploratory surgery but Fontaine disagreed.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=298}} Fontaine later claimed that de{{nbsp}}Havilland had not notified her of their mother's death while she was touring with a play, but de{{nbsp}}Havilland had in fact sent a telegram, which took two weeks to reach her sister.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> However, according to Fontaine in a 1979 interview with the CBC, de Havilland did not bother to phone to find out where she could be reached. The sibling feud lasted until Fontaine's death on December 15, 2013.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>{{#tag:ref|Fontaine once remarked, "I married first, won the Oscar before Olivia did, and if I die first, she'll undoubtedly be livid because I beat her to it!"<ref name="wp-bernstein"/>|group=Note}} The following day, de{{nbsp}}Havilland released a statement saying that she was "shocked and saddened" by the news.<ref name="cbsnews-djansezian-shocked"/> === Death === De Havilland died in her sleep of natural causes at her home in Paris on July 26, 2020, at the age of 104.{{refn|group=Note|De Havilland's publicist, Lisa Goldberg, confirmed that she had died of natural causes in her sleep on Sunday, July 26, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Lee |last1=Smith |first2=Chuck |last2=Johnston |title=Olivia de Havilland, star of 'Gone With the Wind,' dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |publisher=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/26/entertainment/olivia-de-havilland-dies/index.html |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref> However, due to the wording of some of the announcements (such as her former lawyer Suzelle M. Smith stating de Havilland had died "last night"<ref>{{Cite web |first=Tim |last=Gray |title=Olivia de Havilland, 'Gone With the Wind' Star, Dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/olivia-de-havilland-dead-died-gone-with-the-wind-1234716790/ |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref>) some media outlets misreported the date of death as the 25th.<ref name="EW-104">{{Cite magazine|last=Staskiewicz|first=Keith|date=July 26, 2020|title='Gone With the Wind' star Olivia de Havilland dies at 104|url=https://ew.com/movies/gone-with-the-wind-star-olivia-de-havilland-dies-at-104/|access-date=July 26, 2020|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref>}} Her funeral was held on August 1, 2020, at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]]. After cremation, her ashes were placed in the crematorium-columbarium of [[Père-Lachaise]], in an urn later to be transferred to a family burial place on the British island of [[Guernsey]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arlin |first1=Marc |date=August 7, 2020 |title=Mort d'Olivia de Havilland : ses obsèques se sont déroulées dans la plus stricte intimité |language=fr |work=Télé-Loisirs |url=https://www.programme-tv.net/news/cinema/258662-mort-dolivia-de-havilland-ses-obseques-se-sont-deroulees-dans-la-plus-stricte-intimite/ |access-date=August 26, 2020}}</ref> site=[[Gold Coast Bulletin]]|date=May 6, 2017}}</ref> In 2021, the Olivia de Havilland Theater was inaugurated at the [[American University of Paris]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.laurelzuckerman.com/2021/12/olivia-de-havilland-honored-in-paris.html|title=Olivia de Havilland honored in Paris|work=Paris Writers News|author= Gabrielle, Lara|date=December 24, 2021}}</ref> ==Àmì eye== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Film ! Result ! class="unsortable"| {{Tooltip|Ref|Reference}} |- | 1940 | rowspan="4" | [[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] | ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1942 | rowspan="3" | [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1946 | ''[[To Each His Own (1946 film)|To Each His Own]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1948 | rowspan="3" | ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1948 | [[National Board of Review]] | [[National Board of Review Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1948 | [[New York Film Critics Circle]] | [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1949 | [[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | rowspan="3" | ''[[The Heiress]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1949 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress - Drama]] | {{won}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1949 | [[New York Film Critics Circle]] | Best Actress | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1949 | [[Venice Film Festival|Venice Film Festival Volpi Cup]] | [[Volpi Cup for Best Actress]] | ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1953 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]] | ''[[My Cousin Rachel (1952 film)|My Cousin Rachel]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1960 | [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] | [[List of stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame|Star - Motion Pictures]] | — | {{won|Honored}} |<ref name="hollywood-walk" /> |- | 1986 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role]] | rowspan="2" | ''[[Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1986 | [[Primetime Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]] | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie|Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries]] | {{nom}} | <ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1998 | Honorary Doctorate | [[University of Hertfordshire]] | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="tcm-notes" /> |- | 2006 | Online Film & Television Association | Film Hall of Fame | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="ofta-hall" /> |- | 2008 | National Medal of Arts | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="wh-archive" /> |- | 2010 | [[Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur]] | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="ap-corbet" /> |- | 2016 | Oldie of the Year | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="bbc-oldie" /> |} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] 7ikeintt1saubv379vcw9ey1kw0updo 624881 624880 2026-07-02T07:14:20Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Wọ́n tún fún un ní ànfàní láti ṣe ipa Puck nínú eré onípele A Midsummer Night's Dream tí William Shakespeare kọ, tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Theater ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ Reinhardt rí de Havilland nígbà tó ń ṣe eré onípele ní Saratoga, ó sì fún un ní ipò òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn kejì (second understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. == Ìgbésí ayé re == === Àwọn ìbáṣepọ̀ === Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn tọkọtaya tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ lórí iboju fíìmù ní Hollywood,<ref name="tcm-bio"/> de{{nbsp}}de Havilland àti Errol Flynn kò ní ìbáṣepọ̀ ìfẹ́ tàbí <ref name="telegraph-leach"/> Upon first meeting her at Warner Bros. in August 1935, 26-year-old Flynn was drawn to the 19-year-old actress with "warm brown eyes" and "extraordinary charm".{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} In turn, de{{nbsp}}Havilland fell in love with him,<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|In 2009, de{{nbsp}}Havilland said, "Yes, we did fall in love and I believe that this is evident in the screen chemistry between us. But his circumstances at the time prevented the relationship going further. I have not talked about it a great deal, but the relationship was not consummated. Chemistry was there, though. It was there."<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>|group=Note}} but kept her feelings to herself. Flynn later wrote, "By the time we made ''The Charge of the Light Brigade'', I was sure that I was in love with her."{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} Flynn finally professed his love on March 12, 1937, at the [[coronation of George VI|coronation ball]] for King [[George VI]] at the [[Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)|Ambassador Hotel]] in Los Angeles, where they [[slow dance]]d together to "[[Sweet Leilani]]" at the hotel's Coconut Grove nightclub.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=52–53}} "I was deeply affected by him," she later remembered, "It was impossible for me not to be."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} The evening ended on a sobering note, with de{{nbsp}}Havilland insisting that despite his separation from his wife [[Lili Damita]], he needed to divorce her before their relationship could proceed.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} Flynn reunited with his wife later that year,{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=65–66}} and de{{nbsp}}Havilland never acted on her feelings for Flynn.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|During the making of ''Robin Hood'' in November 1937, de Havilland decided to tease Flynn who was being watched closely on the set by his wife. In 2005, de Havilland said, "And so we had one kissing scene, which I looked forward to with great delight. I remember I blew every take, at least six in a row, maybe seven, maybe eight, and we had to kiss all over again. And Errol Flynn got really rather uncomfortable, and he had, if I may say so, a little trouble with his tights."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}}|group=Note}} In July 1938, de{{nbsp}}Havilland began dating business tycoon, aviator, and filmmaker [[Howard Hughes]],{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} who had just completed his record-setting flight around the world in 91 hours.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In addition to escorting her about town, he gave the actress her first flying lessons.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} She later said, "He was a rather shy man ... and yet, in a whole community where the men every day played heroes on the screen and didn't do anything heroic in life, here was this man who was a real hero."<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In December 1939, she began a romantic relationship with actor [[James Stewart]]. At the request of [[Irene Mayer Selznick]], the actor's agent asked Stewart to escort de{{nbsp}}Havilland to the New York premiere of ''Gone with the Wind'' at the Astor Theater on December 19, 1939. Over the next few days, Stewart took her to the theater several times and to the [[21 Club]].{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=137}} They continued to see each other back in Los Angeles, where Stewart provided occasional flying lessons and romance.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} According to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, Stewart proposed marriage to her in 1940, but she felt that he was not ready to settle down.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} Their relationship ended in late 1941 when de{{nbsp}}Havilland began a romantic relationship with film director [[John Huston]] while making ''In This Our Life''.{{sfnm|1a1=Fishgall|1y=1997|1p=148|2a1=Meyers|2y=2011|2p=85}} "John was a very great love of mine", she later said, "He was a man I wanted to marry."{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=87}}{{#tag:ref|On April 29, 1945, at the home of producer David O. Selznick, Huston, who knew about de Havilland's three-year crush on Flynn, confronted the Australian actor{{nsmdns}}who suffered from tuberculosis{{nsmdns}}about his not serving in the military during the war.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}} When Flynn responded by alluding to his former "relationship" with de Havilland, Huston initiated an extended fistfight with the expert amateur boxer which landed them both in the hospital.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}}|group=Note}} ===Marriages and children=== [[File:Olivia de Havilland with son Benjamin c. 1952.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Smiling while holding her son in her arms|With her son, Benjamin, {{circa|1952}}]] On August 26, 1946, she married [[Marcus Goodrich]], a U.S. Navy veteran, journalist, and author of the novel ''Delilah'' (1941).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=38}} De Havilland filed for divorce in 1952, writing in her suit that Goodrich had "pursued a course of cruel treatment" and had "wrongfully inflicted upon her grievous physical and mental suffering, all without provocation or any excuse whatsoever."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Paula |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Late "Gone with the Wind" star's husband, family had deep roots in San Antonio |url=https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Late-Gone-with-the-Wind-star-s-husband-15524513.php |access-date=March 18, 2025 |website=San Antonio Express-News}}</ref>{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=41}} They had one child, Benjamin Goodrich, who was born on September 27, 1949.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=40}} Benjamin was diagnosed with [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]] at the age of 19<ref name="tcm-bio"/> and graduated from the University of Texas. He worked as a statistical analyst for [[Lockheed Missiles and Space Company]] in [[Sunnyvale, California]], and as an international banking representative for the [[Texas Commerce Bank]] in Houston.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> He died on September 29, 1991, in Paris at the age of 42 of heart disease brought on by treatments for Hodgkin's disease, three weeks before the death of his father.<ref name="nytimes-honan"/><ref name="reel-bio"/> On April 2, 1955, de{{nbsp}}Havilland married Pierre Galante, an executive editor for the magazine ''[[Paris Match]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=41–42}} Her marriage to Galante prompted her relocation to Paris. The couple separated in 1962 for undisclosed reasons but continued to live in the same house for another six years to raise their daughter together.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}}<ref name="philly-rickey"/><ref name="people-vespa"/> Galante moved across the street and the two remained close, even after the divorce was finalized in 1979.<ref name="philly-rickey"/> She looked after him during his final bout with lung cancer prior to his death in 1998. They had one child, Gisèle Galante, who was born on July 18, 1956.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}} After studying law at the [[Paris Nanterre University]] School of Law, Gisèle worked as a journalist in France and the United States.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> From 1956, de{{nbsp}}Havilland lived in a three-story house near the Bois de Boulogne in Paris.<ref name="latimes-tartaglione"/> ===Religion and politics=== De{{nbsp}}Havilland was raised in the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]] and remained an Episcopalian throughout her life.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/>{{#tag:ref|In a 2015 interview, de Havilland stated that her religious beliefs had lapsed in her adult years, but that she regained her faith when her son was ill. Her renewed faith inspired her sister to return to the Episcopal Church.<ref name="variety-stadiem-notorious"/>|group=Note}} In the 1970s, she became one of the first women [[Reader (liturgy)|lector]]s at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]], where she was on the regular rota for Scripture readings. As recently as 2012, she was doing readings on major [[Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)|feast days]],<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> including Christmas and Easter. "It's a task I love", she once said.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In describing her preparation for her readings, she once observed, "You have to convey the deep meaning, you see, and it has to start with your own faith. But first, I always pray. I pray before I start to prepare, as well. In fact, I would always say a prayer before shooting a scene, so this is not so different, in a way."<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> De{{nbsp}}Havilland preferred to use the [[Revised English Bible]] for its poetic style.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> She raised her son Benjamin in the Episcopal Church and her daughter Gisèle in the [[Roman Catholic Church]], the faith of each child's father.{{sfn|De Havilland|1962|pp=103–104}} As a United States citizen,<ref name="cnn-facts"/> de{{nbsp}}Havilland became involved in politics as a way of exercising her civic responsibilities.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She campaigned for [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s ultimately successful reelection bid in 1944.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> After the war, she joined the [[Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions]], a national public-policy advocacy group that included [[Bette Davis]], [[Gregory Peck]], [[Groucho Marx]], and [[Humphrey Bogart]] in its Hollywood chapter.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In June 1946, she was asked to deliver speeches for the committee that, in her view, reflected the [[Communist Party USA|Communist Party]] line. The group was later alleged to be a [[communist front]] organization.{{sfn|Billingsley|1998|pp=123–124}} De Havilland removed from her speeches the material that she considered pro-communist and rewrote them to reflect Democratic president [[Harry S. Truman]]'s anti-communist platform. She later recalled, "I realized a nucleus of people was controlling the organization without a majority of the members of the board being aware of it. And I knew they had to be Communists."<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She organized a fight to regain control of the committee from its pro-Soviet leadership, but her reform efforts failed. Her resignation from the committee triggered a wave of resignations by 11 other Hollywood figures, including future president [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref name="wsj-meroney"/>{{#tag:ref|Reagan was a relatively new board member when he was invited to join 10 other film-industry colleagues, including MGM studio head [[Dore Schary]], for a meeting at de{{nbsp}}Havilland's house where he was first told that Communists were trying to gain control of the committee.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|p=112}} During the meeting, he turned to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, who was on the executive committee, and whispered, "You know, Olivia, I always thought ''you'' might be one of them." Laughing, she responded, "That's funny. I thought ''you'' were one of them." Reagan suggested they propose a resolution at the next meeting that included language reaffirmed the committee's "belief in free enterprise and the Democratic system" and repudiated "Communism as desirable for the United States"{{nsmdns}}the executive committee voted it down the following week.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|pp=112–113}} Shortly afterwards, the committee disbanded and merged with the [[National Citizens PAC]] to form the [[Progressive Citizens of America]] (PCA).<ref name=Abt> {{cite book | first1 = John J. | last1= Abt | authorlink1 = John J. Abt | first2 = Michael | last2 = Myerson | title = Advocate and Activist: Memoirs of an American Communist Lawyer | publisher = University of Illinois Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9REaIPPh4k4C | pages = 138–9 (Chicago), 141 (merger) | date = 1993 | isbn= 9780252020308 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite magazine | title = National Affairs: Merger | magazine= TIME | url = http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,853003,00.html | date = January 6, 1947 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite web | title = Guide to the C.B. Baldwin Papers | publisher = University of Iowa | url = http://collguides.lib.uiowa.edu/?MSC0343 | date = | accessdate = November 25, 2016}}</ref> Despite organising Hollywood resistance to Soviet influence, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was denounced later that year as a "[[Pinko|swimming-pool pink]]" in ''Time'' magazine for her involvement in the committee.{{sfn|Gottfried|2002|p=146}}|group=Note}} In 1958, she was secretly called before the [[House Un-American Activities Committee]] and recounted her experiences with the Independent Citizens' Committee.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> ===Relationship with Joan Fontaine=== [[File:Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper holding Oscars|Joan Fontaine and [[Gary Cooper]] at the Academy Awards, 1942]] De Havilland and her sister [[Joan Fontaine]] are the only siblings to have each won Academy Awards in a lead acting category.<ref name="time-berman"/> According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], the sisters always had an uneasy relationship, starting in early childhood when Olivia had trouble accepting the idea of having a younger sister and Joan resented that her mother favored Olivia. Olivia would tear the clothes that her sister was given to wear as hand-me-downs, forcing Joan to stitch them together again.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> This tension was made worse by Fontaine's frequent childhood illnesses, which led to her mother's overly protective expression "Livvie can, Joan can't."{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland was the first to become an actress, and for several years Fontaine was overshadowed by her sister's accomplishments. When [[Mervyn LeRoy]] offered Fontaine a personal contract, her mother told her that Warner Bros. was "Olivia's studio" and that she could not use the family name of de{{nbsp}}Havilland.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=72}} In 1942, de{{nbsp}}Havilland and Fontaine were both nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress{{nsmdns}}de{{nbsp}}Havilland for ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' and Fontaine for ''[[Suspicion (1941 film)|Suspicion]]''. When Fontaine's name was announced as winner, de{{nbsp}}Havilland reacted graciously saying "We've got it!"{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=69}} According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], Fontaine rejected de{{nbsp}}Havilland's attempts to congratulate her, leaving de{{nbsp}}Havilland offended and embarrassed.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Their relationship was strained further in 1946 when Fontaine made negative comments to an interviewer about de{{nbsp}}Havilland's new husband Marcus Goodrich. When she read her sister's remarks, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was deeply hurt and waited for an apology that was never offered.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The following year after accepting her first Academy Award for ''To Each His Own'', de{{nbsp}}Havilland was approached backstage by Fontaine, who extended her hand to congratulate her; de{{nbsp}}Havilland turned away from her sister.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The two did not speak for the next five years.{{#tag:ref|In 1957, in the only interview in which she ever commented on her relationship with her sister, de{{nbsp}}Havilland told the Associated Press "Joan is very bright and sharp and has a wit that can be cutting. She said some things about Marcus that hurt me deeply. She was aware there was an estrangement between us."<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>|group=Note}} This may have caused an estrangement between Fontaine and her own daughters, who maintained a covert relationship with their aunt.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Following her divorce from Goodrich, de{{nbsp}}Havilland resumed contact with her sister,<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> visiting Fontaine's New York apartment and spending Christmas together in 1961.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/><ref name="getty-galella"/> The final break between the sisters occurred in 1975 over disagreements regarding their mother's cancer treatment; de{{nbsp}}Havilland wanted to consult other doctors and supported exploratory surgery but Fontaine disagreed.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=298}} Fontaine later claimed that de{{nbsp}}Havilland had not notified her of their mother's death while she was touring with a play, but de{{nbsp}}Havilland had in fact sent a telegram, which took two weeks to reach her sister.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> However, according to Fontaine in a 1979 interview with the CBC, de Havilland did not bother to phone to find out where she could be reached. The sibling feud lasted until Fontaine's death on December 15, 2013.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>{{#tag:ref|Fontaine once remarked, "I married first, won the Oscar before Olivia did, and if I die first, she'll undoubtedly be livid because I beat her to it!"<ref name="wp-bernstein"/>|group=Note}} The following day, de{{nbsp}}Havilland released a statement saying that she was "shocked and saddened" by the news.<ref name="cbsnews-djansezian-shocked"/> === Death === De Havilland died in her sleep of natural causes at her home in Paris on July 26, 2020, at the age of 104.{{refn|group=Note|De Havilland's publicist, Lisa Goldberg, confirmed that she had died of natural causes in her sleep on Sunday, July 26, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Lee |last1=Smith |first2=Chuck |last2=Johnston |title=Olivia de Havilland, star of 'Gone With the Wind,' dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |publisher=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/26/entertainment/olivia-de-havilland-dies/index.html |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref> However, due to the wording of some of the announcements (such as her former lawyer Suzelle M. Smith stating de Havilland had died "last night"<ref>{{Cite web |first=Tim |last=Gray |title=Olivia de Havilland, 'Gone With the Wind' Star, Dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/olivia-de-havilland-dead-died-gone-with-the-wind-1234716790/ |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref>) some media outlets misreported the date of death as the 25th.<ref name="EW-104">{{Cite magazine|last=Staskiewicz|first=Keith|date=July 26, 2020|title='Gone With the Wind' star Olivia de Havilland dies at 104|url=https://ew.com/movies/gone-with-the-wind-star-olivia-de-havilland-dies-at-104/|access-date=July 26, 2020|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref>}} Her funeral was held on August 1, 2020, at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]]. After cremation, her ashes were placed in the crematorium-columbarium of [[Père-Lachaise]], in an urn later to be transferred to a family burial place on the British island of [[Guernsey]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arlin |first1=Marc |date=August 7, 2020 |title=Mort d'Olivia de Havilland : ses obsèques se sont déroulées dans la plus stricte intimité |language=fr |work=Télé-Loisirs |url=https://www.programme-tv.net/news/cinema/258662-mort-dolivia-de-havilland-ses-obseques-se-sont-deroulees-dans-la-plus-stricte-intimite/ |access-date=August 26, 2020}}</ref> site=[[Gold Coast Bulletin]]|date=May 6, 2017}}</ref> In 2021, the Olivia de Havilland Theater was inaugurated at the [[American University of Paris]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.laurelzuckerman.com/2021/12/olivia-de-havilland-honored-in-paris.html|title=Olivia de Havilland honored in Paris|work=Paris Writers News|author= Gabrielle, Lara|date=December 24, 2021}}</ref> ==Àmì eye== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Film ! Result ! class="unsortable"| {{Tooltip|Ref|Reference}} |- | 1940 | rowspan="4" | [[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] | ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1942 | rowspan="3" | [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1946 | ''[[To Each His Own (1946 film)|To Each His Own]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1948 | rowspan="3" | ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1948 | [[National Board of Review]] | [[National Board of Review Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1948 | [[New York Film Critics Circle]] | [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1949 | [[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | rowspan="3" | ''[[The Heiress]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1949 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress - Drama]] | {{won}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1949 | [[New York Film Critics Circle]] | Best Actress | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1949 | [[Venice Film Festival|Venice Film Festival Volpi Cup]] | [[Volpi Cup for Best Actress]] | ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1953 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]] | ''[[My Cousin Rachel (1952 film)|My Cousin Rachel]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1960 | [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] | [[List of stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame|Star - Motion Pictures]] | — | {{won|Honored}} |<ref name="hollywood-walk" /> |- | 1986 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role]] | rowspan="2" | ''[[Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1986 | [[Primetime Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]] | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie|Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries]] | {{nom}} | <ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1998 | Honorary Doctorate | [[University of Hertfordshire]] | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="tcm-notes" /> |- | 2006 | Online Film & Television Association | Film Hall of Fame | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="ofta-hall" /> |- | 2008 | National Medal of Arts | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="wh-archive" /> |- | 2010 | [[Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur]] | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="ap-corbet" /> |- | 2016 | Oldie of the Year | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="bbc-oldie" /> |} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] qsej3vnj7x5u2ucixdziumau2j7biqy 624882 624881 2026-07-02T07:14:42Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Wọ́n tún fún un ní ànfàní láti ṣe ipa Puck nínú eré onípele A Midsummer Night's Dream tí William Shakespeare kọ, tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Theater ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ Reinhardt rí de Havilland nígbà tó ń ṣe eré onípele ní Saratoga, ó sì fún un ní ipò òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn kejì (second understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. == Ìgbésí ayé re == === Àwọn ìbáṣepọ̀ === Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn tọkọtaya tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ lórí iboju fíìmù ní Hollywood,<ref name="tcm-bio"/> de{{nbsp}}de Havilland àti Errol Flynn kò ní ìbáṣepọ̀ ìfẹ́ tàbí ti àfẹ́sọ́nà rárá, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí<ref name="telegraph-leach"/> Upon first meeting her at Warner Bros. in August 1935, 26-year-old Flynn was drawn to the 19-year-old actress with "warm brown eyes" and "extraordinary charm".{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} In turn, de{{nbsp}}Havilland fell in love with him,<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|In 2009, de{{nbsp}}Havilland said, "Yes, we did fall in love and I believe that this is evident in the screen chemistry between us. But his circumstances at the time prevented the relationship going further. I have not talked about it a great deal, but the relationship was not consummated. Chemistry was there, though. It was there."<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>|group=Note}} but kept her feelings to herself. Flynn later wrote, "By the time we made ''The Charge of the Light Brigade'', I was sure that I was in love with her."{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} Flynn finally professed his love on March 12, 1937, at the [[coronation of George VI|coronation ball]] for King [[George VI]] at the [[Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)|Ambassador Hotel]] in Los Angeles, where they [[slow dance]]d together to "[[Sweet Leilani]]" at the hotel's Coconut Grove nightclub.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=52–53}} "I was deeply affected by him," she later remembered, "It was impossible for me not to be."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} The evening ended on a sobering note, with de{{nbsp}}Havilland insisting that despite his separation from his wife [[Lili Damita]], he needed to divorce her before their relationship could proceed.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} Flynn reunited with his wife later that year,{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=65–66}} and de{{nbsp}}Havilland never acted on her feelings for Flynn.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|During the making of ''Robin Hood'' in November 1937, de Havilland decided to tease Flynn who was being watched closely on the set by his wife. In 2005, de Havilland said, "And so we had one kissing scene, which I looked forward to with great delight. I remember I blew every take, at least six in a row, maybe seven, maybe eight, and we had to kiss all over again. And Errol Flynn got really rather uncomfortable, and he had, if I may say so, a little trouble with his tights."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}}|group=Note}} In July 1938, de{{nbsp}}Havilland began dating business tycoon, aviator, and filmmaker [[Howard Hughes]],{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} who had just completed his record-setting flight around the world in 91 hours.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In addition to escorting her about town, he gave the actress her first flying lessons.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} She later said, "He was a rather shy man ... and yet, in a whole community where the men every day played heroes on the screen and didn't do anything heroic in life, here was this man who was a real hero."<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In December 1939, she began a romantic relationship with actor [[James Stewart]]. At the request of [[Irene Mayer Selznick]], the actor's agent asked Stewart to escort de{{nbsp}}Havilland to the New York premiere of ''Gone with the Wind'' at the Astor Theater on December 19, 1939. Over the next few days, Stewart took her to the theater several times and to the [[21 Club]].{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=137}} They continued to see each other back in Los Angeles, where Stewart provided occasional flying lessons and romance.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} According to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, Stewart proposed marriage to her in 1940, but she felt that he was not ready to settle down.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} Their relationship ended in late 1941 when de{{nbsp}}Havilland began a romantic relationship with film director [[John Huston]] while making ''In This Our Life''.{{sfnm|1a1=Fishgall|1y=1997|1p=148|2a1=Meyers|2y=2011|2p=85}} "John was a very great love of mine", she later said, "He was a man I wanted to marry."{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=87}}{{#tag:ref|On April 29, 1945, at the home of producer David O. Selznick, Huston, who knew about de Havilland's three-year crush on Flynn, confronted the Australian actor{{nsmdns}}who suffered from tuberculosis{{nsmdns}}about his not serving in the military during the war.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}} When Flynn responded by alluding to his former "relationship" with de Havilland, Huston initiated an extended fistfight with the expert amateur boxer which landed them both in the hospital.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}}|group=Note}} ===Marriages and children=== [[File:Olivia de Havilland with son Benjamin c. 1952.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Smiling while holding her son in her arms|With her son, Benjamin, {{circa|1952}}]] On August 26, 1946, she married [[Marcus Goodrich]], a U.S. Navy veteran, journalist, and author of the novel ''Delilah'' (1941).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=38}} De Havilland filed for divorce in 1952, writing in her suit that Goodrich had "pursued a course of cruel treatment" and had "wrongfully inflicted upon her grievous physical and mental suffering, all without provocation or any excuse whatsoever."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Paula |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Late "Gone with the Wind" star's husband, family had deep roots in San Antonio |url=https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Late-Gone-with-the-Wind-star-s-husband-15524513.php |access-date=March 18, 2025 |website=San Antonio Express-News}}</ref>{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=41}} They had one child, Benjamin Goodrich, who was born on September 27, 1949.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=40}} Benjamin was diagnosed with [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]] at the age of 19<ref name="tcm-bio"/> and graduated from the University of Texas. He worked as a statistical analyst for [[Lockheed Missiles and Space Company]] in [[Sunnyvale, California]], and as an international banking representative for the [[Texas Commerce Bank]] in Houston.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> He died on September 29, 1991, in Paris at the age of 42 of heart disease brought on by treatments for Hodgkin's disease, three weeks before the death of his father.<ref name="nytimes-honan"/><ref name="reel-bio"/> On April 2, 1955, de{{nbsp}}Havilland married Pierre Galante, an executive editor for the magazine ''[[Paris Match]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=41–42}} Her marriage to Galante prompted her relocation to Paris. The couple separated in 1962 for undisclosed reasons but continued to live in the same house for another six years to raise their daughter together.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}}<ref name="philly-rickey"/><ref name="people-vespa"/> Galante moved across the street and the two remained close, even after the divorce was finalized in 1979.<ref name="philly-rickey"/> She looked after him during his final bout with lung cancer prior to his death in 1998. They had one child, Gisèle Galante, who was born on July 18, 1956.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}} After studying law at the [[Paris Nanterre University]] School of Law, Gisèle worked as a journalist in France and the United States.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> From 1956, de{{nbsp}}Havilland lived in a three-story house near the Bois de Boulogne in Paris.<ref name="latimes-tartaglione"/> ===Religion and politics=== De{{nbsp}}Havilland was raised in the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]] and remained an Episcopalian throughout her life.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/>{{#tag:ref|In a 2015 interview, de Havilland stated that her religious beliefs had lapsed in her adult years, but that she regained her faith when her son was ill. Her renewed faith inspired her sister to return to the Episcopal Church.<ref name="variety-stadiem-notorious"/>|group=Note}} In the 1970s, she became one of the first women [[Reader (liturgy)|lector]]s at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]], where she was on the regular rota for Scripture readings. As recently as 2012, she was doing readings on major [[Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)|feast days]],<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> including Christmas and Easter. "It's a task I love", she once said.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In describing her preparation for her readings, she once observed, "You have to convey the deep meaning, you see, and it has to start with your own faith. But first, I always pray. I pray before I start to prepare, as well. In fact, I would always say a prayer before shooting a scene, so this is not so different, in a way."<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> De{{nbsp}}Havilland preferred to use the [[Revised English Bible]] for its poetic style.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> She raised her son Benjamin in the Episcopal Church and her daughter Gisèle in the [[Roman Catholic Church]], the faith of each child's father.{{sfn|De Havilland|1962|pp=103–104}} As a United States citizen,<ref name="cnn-facts"/> de{{nbsp}}Havilland became involved in politics as a way of exercising her civic responsibilities.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She campaigned for [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s ultimately successful reelection bid in 1944.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> After the war, she joined the [[Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions]], a national public-policy advocacy group that included [[Bette Davis]], [[Gregory Peck]], [[Groucho Marx]], and [[Humphrey Bogart]] in its Hollywood chapter.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In June 1946, she was asked to deliver speeches for the committee that, in her view, reflected the [[Communist Party USA|Communist Party]] line. The group was later alleged to be a [[communist front]] organization.{{sfn|Billingsley|1998|pp=123–124}} De Havilland removed from her speeches the material that she considered pro-communist and rewrote them to reflect Democratic president [[Harry S. Truman]]'s anti-communist platform. She later recalled, "I realized a nucleus of people was controlling the organization without a majority of the members of the board being aware of it. And I knew they had to be Communists."<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She organized a fight to regain control of the committee from its pro-Soviet leadership, but her reform efforts failed. Her resignation from the committee triggered a wave of resignations by 11 other Hollywood figures, including future president [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref name="wsj-meroney"/>{{#tag:ref|Reagan was a relatively new board member when he was invited to join 10 other film-industry colleagues, including MGM studio head [[Dore Schary]], for a meeting at de{{nbsp}}Havilland's house where he was first told that Communists were trying to gain control of the committee.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|p=112}} During the meeting, he turned to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, who was on the executive committee, and whispered, "You know, Olivia, I always thought ''you'' might be one of them." Laughing, she responded, "That's funny. I thought ''you'' were one of them." Reagan suggested they propose a resolution at the next meeting that included language reaffirmed the committee's "belief in free enterprise and the Democratic system" and repudiated "Communism as desirable for the United States"{{nsmdns}}the executive committee voted it down the following week.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|pp=112–113}} Shortly afterwards, the committee disbanded and merged with the [[National Citizens PAC]] to form the [[Progressive Citizens of America]] (PCA).<ref name=Abt> {{cite book | first1 = John J. | last1= Abt | authorlink1 = John J. Abt | first2 = Michael | last2 = Myerson | title = Advocate and Activist: Memoirs of an American Communist Lawyer | publisher = University of Illinois Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9REaIPPh4k4C | pages = 138–9 (Chicago), 141 (merger) | date = 1993 | isbn= 9780252020308 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite magazine | title = National Affairs: Merger | magazine= TIME | url = http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,853003,00.html | date = January 6, 1947 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite web | title = Guide to the C.B. Baldwin Papers | publisher = University of Iowa | url = http://collguides.lib.uiowa.edu/?MSC0343 | date = | accessdate = November 25, 2016}}</ref> Despite organising Hollywood resistance to Soviet influence, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was denounced later that year as a "[[Pinko|swimming-pool pink]]" in ''Time'' magazine for her involvement in the committee.{{sfn|Gottfried|2002|p=146}}|group=Note}} In 1958, she was secretly called before the [[House Un-American Activities Committee]] and recounted her experiences with the Independent Citizens' Committee.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> ===Relationship with Joan Fontaine=== [[File:Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper holding Oscars|Joan Fontaine and [[Gary Cooper]] at the Academy Awards, 1942]] De Havilland and her sister [[Joan Fontaine]] are the only siblings to have each won Academy Awards in a lead acting category.<ref name="time-berman"/> According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], the sisters always had an uneasy relationship, starting in early childhood when Olivia had trouble accepting the idea of having a younger sister and Joan resented that her mother favored Olivia. Olivia would tear the clothes that her sister was given to wear as hand-me-downs, forcing Joan to stitch them together again.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> This tension was made worse by Fontaine's frequent childhood illnesses, which led to her mother's overly protective expression "Livvie can, Joan can't."{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland was the first to become an actress, and for several years Fontaine was overshadowed by her sister's accomplishments. When [[Mervyn LeRoy]] offered Fontaine a personal contract, her mother told her that Warner Bros. was "Olivia's studio" and that she could not use the family name of de{{nbsp}}Havilland.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=72}} In 1942, de{{nbsp}}Havilland and Fontaine were both nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress{{nsmdns}}de{{nbsp}}Havilland for ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' and Fontaine for ''[[Suspicion (1941 film)|Suspicion]]''. When Fontaine's name was announced as winner, de{{nbsp}}Havilland reacted graciously saying "We've got it!"{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=69}} According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], Fontaine rejected de{{nbsp}}Havilland's attempts to congratulate her, leaving de{{nbsp}}Havilland offended and embarrassed.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Their relationship was strained further in 1946 when Fontaine made negative comments to an interviewer about de{{nbsp}}Havilland's new husband Marcus Goodrich. When she read her sister's remarks, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was deeply hurt and waited for an apology that was never offered.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The following year after accepting her first Academy Award for ''To Each His Own'', de{{nbsp}}Havilland was approached backstage by Fontaine, who extended her hand to congratulate her; de{{nbsp}}Havilland turned away from her sister.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The two did not speak for the next five years.{{#tag:ref|In 1957, in the only interview in which she ever commented on her relationship with her sister, de{{nbsp}}Havilland told the Associated Press "Joan is very bright and sharp and has a wit that can be cutting. She said some things about Marcus that hurt me deeply. She was aware there was an estrangement between us."<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>|group=Note}} This may have caused an estrangement between Fontaine and her own daughters, who maintained a covert relationship with their aunt.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Following her divorce from Goodrich, de{{nbsp}}Havilland resumed contact with her sister,<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> visiting Fontaine's New York apartment and spending Christmas together in 1961.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/><ref name="getty-galella"/> The final break between the sisters occurred in 1975 over disagreements regarding their mother's cancer treatment; de{{nbsp}}Havilland wanted to consult other doctors and supported exploratory surgery but Fontaine disagreed.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=298}} Fontaine later claimed that de{{nbsp}}Havilland had not notified her of their mother's death while she was touring with a play, but de{{nbsp}}Havilland had in fact sent a telegram, which took two weeks to reach her sister.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> However, according to Fontaine in a 1979 interview with the CBC, de Havilland did not bother to phone to find out where she could be reached. The sibling feud lasted until Fontaine's death on December 15, 2013.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>{{#tag:ref|Fontaine once remarked, "I married first, won the Oscar before Olivia did, and if I die first, she'll undoubtedly be livid because I beat her to it!"<ref name="wp-bernstein"/>|group=Note}} The following day, de{{nbsp}}Havilland released a statement saying that she was "shocked and saddened" by the news.<ref name="cbsnews-djansezian-shocked"/> === Death === De Havilland died in her sleep of natural causes at her home in Paris on July 26, 2020, at the age of 104.{{refn|group=Note|De Havilland's publicist, Lisa Goldberg, confirmed that she had died of natural causes in her sleep on Sunday, July 26, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Lee |last1=Smith |first2=Chuck |last2=Johnston |title=Olivia de Havilland, star of 'Gone With the Wind,' dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |publisher=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/26/entertainment/olivia-de-havilland-dies/index.html |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref> However, due to the wording of some of the announcements (such as her former lawyer Suzelle M. Smith stating de Havilland had died "last night"<ref>{{Cite web |first=Tim |last=Gray |title=Olivia de Havilland, 'Gone With the Wind' Star, Dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/olivia-de-havilland-dead-died-gone-with-the-wind-1234716790/ |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref>) some media outlets misreported the date of death as the 25th.<ref name="EW-104">{{Cite magazine|last=Staskiewicz|first=Keith|date=July 26, 2020|title='Gone With the Wind' star Olivia de Havilland dies at 104|url=https://ew.com/movies/gone-with-the-wind-star-olivia-de-havilland-dies-at-104/|access-date=July 26, 2020|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref>}} Her funeral was held on August 1, 2020, at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]]. After cremation, her ashes were placed in the crematorium-columbarium of [[Père-Lachaise]], in an urn later to be transferred to a family burial place on the British island of [[Guernsey]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arlin |first1=Marc |date=August 7, 2020 |title=Mort d'Olivia de Havilland : ses obsèques se sont déroulées dans la plus stricte intimité |language=fr |work=Télé-Loisirs |url=https://www.programme-tv.net/news/cinema/258662-mort-dolivia-de-havilland-ses-obseques-se-sont-deroulees-dans-la-plus-stricte-intimite/ |access-date=August 26, 2020}}</ref> site=[[Gold Coast Bulletin]]|date=May 6, 2017}}</ref> In 2021, the Olivia de Havilland Theater was inaugurated at the [[American University of Paris]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.laurelzuckerman.com/2021/12/olivia-de-havilland-honored-in-paris.html|title=Olivia de Havilland honored in Paris|work=Paris Writers News|author= Gabrielle, Lara|date=December 24, 2021}}</ref> ==Àmì eye== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Film ! Result ! class="unsortable"| {{Tooltip|Ref|Reference}} |- | 1940 | rowspan="4" | [[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] | ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1942 | rowspan="3" | [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1946 | ''[[To Each His Own (1946 film)|To Each His Own]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1948 | rowspan="3" | ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1948 | [[National Board of Review]] | [[National Board of Review Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1948 | [[New York Film Critics Circle]] | [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1949 | [[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | rowspan="3" | ''[[The Heiress]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1949 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress - Drama]] | {{won}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1949 | [[New York Film Critics Circle]] | Best Actress | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1949 | [[Venice Film Festival|Venice Film Festival Volpi Cup]] | [[Volpi Cup for Best Actress]] | ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1953 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]] | ''[[My Cousin Rachel (1952 film)|My Cousin Rachel]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1960 | [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] | [[List of stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame|Star - Motion Pictures]] | — | {{won|Honored}} |<ref name="hollywood-walk" /> |- | 1986 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role]] | rowspan="2" | ''[[Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1986 | [[Primetime Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]] | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie|Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries]] | {{nom}} | <ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1998 | Honorary Doctorate | [[University of Hertfordshire]] | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="tcm-notes" /> |- | 2006 | Online Film & Television Association | Film Hall of Fame | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="ofta-hall" /> |- | 2008 | National Medal of Arts | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="wh-archive" /> |- | 2010 | [[Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur]] | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="ap-corbet" /> |- | 2016 | Oldie of the Year | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="bbc-oldie" /> |} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] ag65dclpitg6it8u9zjkd9t7qhcdfpz 624883 624882 2026-07-02T07:16:53Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Wọ́n tún fún un ní ànfàní láti ṣe ipa Puck nínú eré onípele A Midsummer Night's Dream tí William Shakespeare kọ, tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Theater ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ Reinhardt rí de Havilland nígbà tó ń ṣe eré onípele ní Saratoga, ó sì fún un ní ipò òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn kejì (second understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. == Ìgbé ayé re == === Àwọn ìbáṣepọ̀ === Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn tọkọtaya tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ lórí iboju fíìmù ní Hollywood,<ref name="tcm-bio"/> de{{nbsp}}de Havilland àti Errol Flynn kò ní ìbáṣepọ̀ ìfẹ́ tàbí ti àfẹ́sọ́nà rárá, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí<ref name="telegraph-leach"/> Upon first meeting her at Warner Bros. in August 1935, 26-year-old Flynn was drawn to the 19-year-old actress with "warm brown eyes" and "extraordinary charm".{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} In turn, de{{nbsp}}Havilland fell in love with him,<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|In 2009, de{{nbsp}}Havilland said, "Yes, we did fall in love and I believe that this is evident in the screen chemistry between us. But his circumstances at the time prevented the relationship going further. I have not talked about it a great deal, but the relationship was not consummated. Chemistry was there, though. It was there."<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>|group=Note}} but kept her feelings to herself. Flynn later wrote, "By the time we made ''The Charge of the Light Brigade'', I was sure that I was in love with her."{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} Flynn finally professed his love on March 12, 1937, at the [[coronation of George VI|coronation ball]] for King [[George VI]] at the [[Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)|Ambassador Hotel]] in Los Angeles, where they [[slow dance]]d together to "[[Sweet Leilani]]" at the hotel's Coconut Grove nightclub.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=52–53}} "I was deeply affected by him," she later remembered, "It was impossible for me not to be."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} The evening ended on a sobering note, with de{{nbsp}}Havilland insisting that despite his separation from his wife [[Lili Damita]], he needed to divorce her before their relationship could proceed.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} Flynn reunited with his wife later that year,{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=65–66}} and de{{nbsp}}Havilland never acted on her feelings for Flynn.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|During the making of ''Robin Hood'' in November 1937, de Havilland decided to tease Flynn who was being watched closely on the set by his wife. In 2005, de Havilland said, "And so we had one kissing scene, which I looked forward to with great delight. I remember I blew every take, at least six in a row, maybe seven, maybe eight, and we had to kiss all over again. And Errol Flynn got really rather uncomfortable, and he had, if I may say so, a little trouble with his tights."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}}|group=Note}} In July 1938, de{{nbsp}}Havilland began dating business tycoon, aviator, and filmmaker [[Howard Hughes]],{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} who had just completed his record-setting flight around the world in 91 hours.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In addition to escorting her about town, he gave the actress her first flying lessons.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} She later said, "He was a rather shy man ... and yet, in a whole community where the men every day played heroes on the screen and didn't do anything heroic in life, here was this man who was a real hero."<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In December 1939, she began a romantic relationship with actor [[James Stewart]]. At the request of [[Irene Mayer Selznick]], the actor's agent asked Stewart to escort de{{nbsp}}Havilland to the New York premiere of ''Gone with the Wind'' at the Astor Theater on December 19, 1939. Over the next few days, Stewart took her to the theater several times and to the [[21 Club]].{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=137}} They continued to see each other back in Los Angeles, where Stewart provided occasional flying lessons and romance.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} According to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, Stewart proposed marriage to her in 1940, but she felt that he was not ready to settle down.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} Their relationship ended in late 1941 when de{{nbsp}}Havilland began a romantic relationship with film director [[John Huston]] while making ''In This Our Life''.{{sfnm|1a1=Fishgall|1y=1997|1p=148|2a1=Meyers|2y=2011|2p=85}} "John was a very great love of mine", she later said, "He was a man I wanted to marry."{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=87}}{{#tag:ref|On April 29, 1945, at the home of producer David O. Selznick, Huston, who knew about de Havilland's three-year crush on Flynn, confronted the Australian actor{{nsmdns}}who suffered from tuberculosis{{nsmdns}}about his not serving in the military during the war.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}} When Flynn responded by alluding to his former "relationship" with de Havilland, Huston initiated an extended fistfight with the expert amateur boxer which landed them both in the hospital.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}}|group=Note}} ===Marriages and children=== [[File:Olivia de Havilland with son Benjamin c. 1952.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Smiling while holding her son in her arms|With her son, Benjamin, {{circa|1952}}]] On August 26, 1946, she married [[Marcus Goodrich]], a U.S. Navy veteran, journalist, and author of the novel ''Delilah'' (1941).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=38}} De Havilland filed for divorce in 1952, writing in her suit that Goodrich had "pursued a course of cruel treatment" and had "wrongfully inflicted upon her grievous physical and mental suffering, all without provocation or any excuse whatsoever."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Paula |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Late "Gone with the Wind" star's husband, family had deep roots in San Antonio |url=https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Late-Gone-with-the-Wind-star-s-husband-15524513.php |access-date=March 18, 2025 |website=San Antonio Express-News}}</ref>{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=41}} They had one child, Benjamin Goodrich, who was born on September 27, 1949.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=40}} Benjamin was diagnosed with [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]] at the age of 19<ref name="tcm-bio"/> and graduated from the University of Texas. He worked as a statistical analyst for [[Lockheed Missiles and Space Company]] in [[Sunnyvale, California]], and as an international banking representative for the [[Texas Commerce Bank]] in Houston.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> He died on September 29, 1991, in Paris at the age of 42 of heart disease brought on by treatments for Hodgkin's disease, three weeks before the death of his father.<ref name="nytimes-honan"/><ref name="reel-bio"/> On April 2, 1955, de{{nbsp}}Havilland married Pierre Galante, an executive editor for the magazine ''[[Paris Match]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=41–42}} Her marriage to Galante prompted her relocation to Paris. The couple separated in 1962 for undisclosed reasons but continued to live in the same house for another six years to raise their daughter together.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}}<ref name="philly-rickey"/><ref name="people-vespa"/> Galante moved across the street and the two remained close, even after the divorce was finalized in 1979.<ref name="philly-rickey"/> She looked after him during his final bout with lung cancer prior to his death in 1998. They had one child, Gisèle Galante, who was born on July 18, 1956.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}} After studying law at the [[Paris Nanterre University]] School of Law, Gisèle worked as a journalist in France and the United States.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> From 1956, de{{nbsp}}Havilland lived in a three-story house near the Bois de Boulogne in Paris.<ref name="latimes-tartaglione"/> ===Religion and politics=== De{{nbsp}}Havilland was raised in the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]] and remained an Episcopalian throughout her life.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/>{{#tag:ref|In a 2015 interview, de Havilland stated that her religious beliefs had lapsed in her adult years, but that she regained her faith when her son was ill. Her renewed faith inspired her sister to return to the Episcopal Church.<ref name="variety-stadiem-notorious"/>|group=Note}} In the 1970s, she became one of the first women [[Reader (liturgy)|lector]]s at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]], where she was on the regular rota for Scripture readings. As recently as 2012, she was doing readings on major [[Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)|feast days]],<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> including Christmas and Easter. "It's a task I love", she once said.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In describing her preparation for her readings, she once observed, "You have to convey the deep meaning, you see, and it has to start with your own faith. But first, I always pray. I pray before I start to prepare, as well. In fact, I would always say a prayer before shooting a scene, so this is not so different, in a way."<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> De{{nbsp}}Havilland preferred to use the [[Revised English Bible]] for its poetic style.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> She raised her son Benjamin in the Episcopal Church and her daughter Gisèle in the [[Roman Catholic Church]], the faith of each child's father.{{sfn|De Havilland|1962|pp=103–104}} As a United States citizen,<ref name="cnn-facts"/> de{{nbsp}}Havilland became involved in politics as a way of exercising her civic responsibilities.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She campaigned for [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s ultimately successful reelection bid in 1944.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> After the war, she joined the [[Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions]], a national public-policy advocacy group that included [[Bette Davis]], [[Gregory Peck]], [[Groucho Marx]], and [[Humphrey Bogart]] in its Hollywood chapter.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In June 1946, she was asked to deliver speeches for the committee that, in her view, reflected the [[Communist Party USA|Communist Party]] line. The group was later alleged to be a [[communist front]] organization.{{sfn|Billingsley|1998|pp=123–124}} De Havilland removed from her speeches the material that she considered pro-communist and rewrote them to reflect Democratic president [[Harry S. Truman]]'s anti-communist platform. She later recalled, "I realized a nucleus of people was controlling the organization without a majority of the members of the board being aware of it. And I knew they had to be Communists."<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She organized a fight to regain control of the committee from its pro-Soviet leadership, but her reform efforts failed. Her resignation from the committee triggered a wave of resignations by 11 other Hollywood figures, including future president [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref name="wsj-meroney"/>{{#tag:ref|Reagan was a relatively new board member when he was invited to join 10 other film-industry colleagues, including MGM studio head [[Dore Schary]], for a meeting at de{{nbsp}}Havilland's house where he was first told that Communists were trying to gain control of the committee.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|p=112}} During the meeting, he turned to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, who was on the executive committee, and whispered, "You know, Olivia, I always thought ''you'' might be one of them." Laughing, she responded, "That's funny. I thought ''you'' were one of them." Reagan suggested they propose a resolution at the next meeting that included language reaffirmed the committee's "belief in free enterprise and the Democratic system" and repudiated "Communism as desirable for the United States"{{nsmdns}}the executive committee voted it down the following week.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|pp=112–113}} Shortly afterwards, the committee disbanded and merged with the [[National Citizens PAC]] to form the [[Progressive Citizens of America]] (PCA).<ref name=Abt> {{cite book | first1 = John J. | last1= Abt | authorlink1 = John J. Abt | first2 = Michael | last2 = Myerson | title = Advocate and Activist: Memoirs of an American Communist Lawyer | publisher = University of Illinois Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9REaIPPh4k4C | pages = 138–9 (Chicago), 141 (merger) | date = 1993 | isbn= 9780252020308 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite magazine | title = National Affairs: Merger | magazine= TIME | url = http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,853003,00.html | date = January 6, 1947 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite web | title = Guide to the C.B. Baldwin Papers | publisher = University of Iowa | url = http://collguides.lib.uiowa.edu/?MSC0343 | date = | accessdate = November 25, 2016}}</ref> Despite organising Hollywood resistance to Soviet influence, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was denounced later that year as a "[[Pinko|swimming-pool pink]]" in ''Time'' magazine for her involvement in the committee.{{sfn|Gottfried|2002|p=146}}|group=Note}} In 1958, she was secretly called before the [[House Un-American Activities Committee]] and recounted her experiences with the Independent Citizens' Committee.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> ===Relationship with Joan Fontaine=== [[File:Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper holding Oscars|Joan Fontaine and [[Gary Cooper]] at the Academy Awards, 1942]] De Havilland and her sister [[Joan Fontaine]] are the only siblings to have each won Academy Awards in a lead acting category.<ref name="time-berman"/> According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], the sisters always had an uneasy relationship, starting in early childhood when Olivia had trouble accepting the idea of having a younger sister and Joan resented that her mother favored Olivia. Olivia would tear the clothes that her sister was given to wear as hand-me-downs, forcing Joan to stitch them together again.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> This tension was made worse by Fontaine's frequent childhood illnesses, which led to her mother's overly protective expression "Livvie can, Joan can't."{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland was the first to become an actress, and for several years Fontaine was overshadowed by her sister's accomplishments. When [[Mervyn LeRoy]] offered Fontaine a personal contract, her mother told her that Warner Bros. was "Olivia's studio" and that she could not use the family name of de{{nbsp}}Havilland.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=72}} In 1942, de{{nbsp}}Havilland and Fontaine were both nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress{{nsmdns}}de{{nbsp}}Havilland for ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' and Fontaine for ''[[Suspicion (1941 film)|Suspicion]]''. When Fontaine's name was announced as winner, de{{nbsp}}Havilland reacted graciously saying "We've got it!"{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=69}} According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], Fontaine rejected de{{nbsp}}Havilland's attempts to congratulate her, leaving de{{nbsp}}Havilland offended and embarrassed.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Their relationship was strained further in 1946 when Fontaine made negative comments to an interviewer about de{{nbsp}}Havilland's new husband Marcus Goodrich. When she read her sister's remarks, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was deeply hurt and waited for an apology that was never offered.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The following year after accepting her first Academy Award for ''To Each His Own'', de{{nbsp}}Havilland was approached backstage by Fontaine, who extended her hand to congratulate her; de{{nbsp}}Havilland turned away from her sister.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The two did not speak for the next five years.{{#tag:ref|In 1957, in the only interview in which she ever commented on her relationship with her sister, de{{nbsp}}Havilland told the Associated Press "Joan is very bright and sharp and has a wit that can be cutting. She said some things about Marcus that hurt me deeply. She was aware there was an estrangement between us."<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>|group=Note}} This may have caused an estrangement between Fontaine and her own daughters, who maintained a covert relationship with their aunt.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Following her divorce from Goodrich, de{{nbsp}}Havilland resumed contact with her sister,<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> visiting Fontaine's New York apartment and spending Christmas together in 1961.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/><ref name="getty-galella"/> The final break between the sisters occurred in 1975 over disagreements regarding their mother's cancer treatment; de{{nbsp}}Havilland wanted to consult other doctors and supported exploratory surgery but Fontaine disagreed.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=298}} Fontaine later claimed that de{{nbsp}}Havilland had not notified her of their mother's death while she was touring with a play, but de{{nbsp}}Havilland had in fact sent a telegram, which took two weeks to reach her sister.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> However, according to Fontaine in a 1979 interview with the CBC, de Havilland did not bother to phone to find out where she could be reached. The sibling feud lasted until Fontaine's death on December 15, 2013.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>{{#tag:ref|Fontaine once remarked, "I married first, won the Oscar before Olivia did, and if I die first, she'll undoubtedly be livid because I beat her to it!"<ref name="wp-bernstein"/>|group=Note}} The following day, de{{nbsp}}Havilland released a statement saying that she was "shocked and saddened" by the news.<ref name="cbsnews-djansezian-shocked"/> === Death === De Havilland died in her sleep of natural causes at her home in Paris on July 26, 2020, at the age of 104.{{refn|group=Note|De Havilland's publicist, Lisa Goldberg, confirmed that she had died of natural causes in her sleep on Sunday, July 26, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Lee |last1=Smith |first2=Chuck |last2=Johnston |title=Olivia de Havilland, star of 'Gone With the Wind,' dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |publisher=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/26/entertainment/olivia-de-havilland-dies/index.html |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref> However, due to the wording of some of the announcements (such as her former lawyer Suzelle M. Smith stating de Havilland had died "last night"<ref>{{Cite web |first=Tim |last=Gray |title=Olivia de Havilland, 'Gone With the Wind' Star, Dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/olivia-de-havilland-dead-died-gone-with-the-wind-1234716790/ |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref>) some media outlets misreported the date of death as the 25th.<ref name="EW-104">{{Cite magazine|last=Staskiewicz|first=Keith|date=July 26, 2020|title='Gone With the Wind' star Olivia de Havilland dies at 104|url=https://ew.com/movies/gone-with-the-wind-star-olivia-de-havilland-dies-at-104/|access-date=July 26, 2020|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref>}} Her funeral was held on August 1, 2020, at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]]. After cremation, her ashes were placed in the crematorium-columbarium of [[Père-Lachaise]], in an urn later to be transferred to a family burial place on the British island of [[Guernsey]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arlin |first1=Marc |date=August 7, 2020 |title=Mort d'Olivia de Havilland : ses obsèques se sont déroulées dans la plus stricte intimité |language=fr |work=Télé-Loisirs |url=https://www.programme-tv.net/news/cinema/258662-mort-dolivia-de-havilland-ses-obseques-se-sont-deroulees-dans-la-plus-stricte-intimite/ |access-date=August 26, 2020}}</ref> site=[[Gold Coast Bulletin]]|date=May 6, 2017}}</ref> In 2021, the Olivia de Havilland Theater was inaugurated at the [[American University of Paris]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.laurelzuckerman.com/2021/12/olivia-de-havilland-honored-in-paris.html|title=Olivia de Havilland honored in Paris|work=Paris Writers News|author= Gabrielle, Lara|date=December 24, 2021}}</ref> ==Àmì eye== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Film ! Result ! class="unsortable"| {{Tooltip|Ref|Reference}} |- | 1940 | rowspan="4" | [[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] | ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1942 | rowspan="3" | [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1946 | ''[[To Each His Own (1946 film)|To Each His Own]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1948 | rowspan="3" | ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1948 | [[National Board of Review]] | [[National Board of Review Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1948 | [[New York Film Critics Circle]] | [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1949 | [[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | rowspan="3" | ''[[The Heiress]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1949 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress - Drama]] | {{won}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1949 | [[New York Film Critics Circle]] | Best Actress | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1949 | [[Venice Film Festival|Venice Film Festival Volpi Cup]] | [[Volpi Cup for Best Actress]] | ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1953 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]] | ''[[My Cousin Rachel (1952 film)|My Cousin Rachel]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1960 | [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] | [[List of stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame|Star - Motion Pictures]] | — | {{won|Honored}} |<ref name="hollywood-walk" /> |- | 1986 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role]] | rowspan="2" | ''[[Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1986 | [[Primetime Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]] | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie|Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries]] | {{nom}} | <ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1998 | Honorary Doctorate | [[University of Hertfordshire]] | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="tcm-notes" /> |- | 2006 | Online Film & Television Association | Film Hall of Fame | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="ofta-hall" /> |- | 2008 | National Medal of Arts | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="wh-archive" /> |- | 2010 | [[Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur]] | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="ap-corbet" /> |- | 2016 | Oldie of the Year | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="bbc-oldie" /> |} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] itgdlz206fumxsmzy56xt8mfw8wrdu6 624884 624883 2026-07-02T07:18:46Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Wọ́n tún fún un ní ànfàní láti ṣe ipa Puck nínú eré onípele A Midsummer Night's Dream tí William Shakespeare kọ, tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Theater ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ Reinhardt rí de Havilland nígbà tó ń ṣe eré onípele ní Saratoga, ó sì fún un ní ipò òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn kejì (second understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. == Ìgbé ayé re == === Àwọn ìbáṣepọ̀ === Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn tọkọtaya tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ lórí iboju fíìmù ní Hollywood,<ref name="tcm-bio"/> de{{nbsp}}de Havilland àti Errol Flynn kò ní ìbáṣepọ̀ ìfẹ́ tàbí ti àfẹ́sọ́nà rárá, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n ṣiṣẹ́ pọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí tọkọtaya lórí iboju fíìmù.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/> Upon first meeting her at Warner Bros. in August 1935, 26-year-old Flynn was drawn to the 19-year-old actress with "warm brown eyes" and "extraordinary charm".{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} In turn, de{{nbsp}}Havilland fell in love with him,<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|In 2009, de{{nbsp}}Havilland said, "Yes, we did fall in love and I believe that this is evident in the screen chemistry between us. But his circumstances at the time prevented the relationship going further. I have not talked about it a great deal, but the relationship was not consummated. Chemistry was there, though. It was there."<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>|group=Note}} but kept her feelings to herself. Flynn later wrote, "By the time we made ''The Charge of the Light Brigade'', I was sure that I was in love with her."{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} Flynn finally professed his love on March 12, 1937, at the [[coronation of George VI|coronation ball]] for King [[George VI]] at the [[Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)|Ambassador Hotel]] in Los Angeles, where they [[slow dance]]d together to "[[Sweet Leilani]]" at the hotel's Coconut Grove nightclub.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=52–53}} "I was deeply affected by him," she later remembered, "It was impossible for me not to be."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} The evening ended on a sobering note, with de{{nbsp}}Havilland insisting that despite his separation from his wife [[Lili Damita]], he needed to divorce her before their relationship could proceed.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} Flynn reunited with his wife later that year,{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=65–66}} and de{{nbsp}}Havilland never acted on her feelings for Flynn.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|During the making of ''Robin Hood'' in November 1937, de Havilland decided to tease Flynn who was being watched closely on the set by his wife. In 2005, de Havilland said, "And so we had one kissing scene, which I looked forward to with great delight. I remember I blew every take, at least six in a row, maybe seven, maybe eight, and we had to kiss all over again. And Errol Flynn got really rather uncomfortable, and he had, if I may say so, a little trouble with his tights."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}}|group=Note}} In July 1938, de{{nbsp}}Havilland began dating business tycoon, aviator, and filmmaker [[Howard Hughes]],{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} who had just completed his record-setting flight around the world in 91 hours.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In addition to escorting her about town, he gave the actress her first flying lessons.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} She later said, "He was a rather shy man ... and yet, in a whole community where the men every day played heroes on the screen and didn't do anything heroic in life, here was this man who was a real hero."<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In December 1939, she began a romantic relationship with actor [[James Stewart]]. At the request of [[Irene Mayer Selznick]], the actor's agent asked Stewart to escort de{{nbsp}}Havilland to the New York premiere of ''Gone with the Wind'' at the Astor Theater on December 19, 1939. Over the next few days, Stewart took her to the theater several times and to the [[21 Club]].{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=137}} They continued to see each other back in Los Angeles, where Stewart provided occasional flying lessons and romance.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} According to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, Stewart proposed marriage to her in 1940, but she felt that he was not ready to settle down.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} Their relationship ended in late 1941 when de{{nbsp}}Havilland began a romantic relationship with film director [[John Huston]] while making ''In This Our Life''.{{sfnm|1a1=Fishgall|1y=1997|1p=148|2a1=Meyers|2y=2011|2p=85}} "John was a very great love of mine", she later said, "He was a man I wanted to marry."{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=87}}{{#tag:ref|On April 29, 1945, at the home of producer David O. Selznick, Huston, who knew about de Havilland's three-year crush on Flynn, confronted the Australian actor{{nsmdns}}who suffered from tuberculosis{{nsmdns}}about his not serving in the military during the war.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}} When Flynn responded by alluding to his former "relationship" with de Havilland, Huston initiated an extended fistfight with the expert amateur boxer which landed them both in the hospital.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}}|group=Note}} ===Marriages and children=== [[File:Olivia de Havilland with son Benjamin c. 1952.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Smiling while holding her son in her arms|With her son, Benjamin, {{circa|1952}}]] On August 26, 1946, she married [[Marcus Goodrich]], a U.S. Navy veteran, journalist, and author of the novel ''Delilah'' (1941).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=38}} De Havilland filed for divorce in 1952, writing in her suit that Goodrich had "pursued a course of cruel treatment" and had "wrongfully inflicted upon her grievous physical and mental suffering, all without provocation or any excuse whatsoever."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Paula |date=August 29, 2020 |title=Late "Gone with the Wind" star's husband, family had deep roots in San Antonio |url=https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Late-Gone-with-the-Wind-star-s-husband-15524513.php |access-date=March 18, 2025 |website=San Antonio Express-News}}</ref>{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=41}} They had one child, Benjamin Goodrich, who was born on September 27, 1949.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=40}} Benjamin was diagnosed with [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]] at the age of 19<ref name="tcm-bio"/> and graduated from the University of Texas. He worked as a statistical analyst for [[Lockheed Missiles and Space Company]] in [[Sunnyvale, California]], and as an international banking representative for the [[Texas Commerce Bank]] in Houston.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> He died on September 29, 1991, in Paris at the age of 42 of heart disease brought on by treatments for Hodgkin's disease, three weeks before the death of his father.<ref name="nytimes-honan"/><ref name="reel-bio"/> On April 2, 1955, de{{nbsp}}Havilland married Pierre Galante, an executive editor for the magazine ''[[Paris Match]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=41–42}} Her marriage to Galante prompted her relocation to Paris. The couple separated in 1962 for undisclosed reasons but continued to live in the same house for another six years to raise their daughter together.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}}<ref name="philly-rickey"/><ref name="people-vespa"/> Galante moved across the street and the two remained close, even after the divorce was finalized in 1979.<ref name="philly-rickey"/> She looked after him during his final bout with lung cancer prior to his death in 1998. They had one child, Gisèle Galante, who was born on July 18, 1956.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}} After studying law at the [[Paris Nanterre University]] School of Law, Gisèle worked as a journalist in France and the United States.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> From 1956, de{{nbsp}}Havilland lived in a three-story house near the Bois de Boulogne in Paris.<ref name="latimes-tartaglione"/> ===Religion and politics=== De{{nbsp}}Havilland was raised in the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]] and remained an Episcopalian throughout her life.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/>{{#tag:ref|In a 2015 interview, de Havilland stated that her religious beliefs had lapsed in her adult years, but that she regained her faith when her son was ill. Her renewed faith inspired her sister to return to the Episcopal Church.<ref name="variety-stadiem-notorious"/>|group=Note}} In the 1970s, she became one of the first women [[Reader (liturgy)|lector]]s at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]], where she was on the regular rota for Scripture readings. As recently as 2012, she was doing readings on major [[Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)|feast days]],<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> including Christmas and Easter. "It's a task I love", she once said.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In describing her preparation for her readings, she once observed, "You have to convey the deep meaning, you see, and it has to start with your own faith. But first, I always pray. I pray before I start to prepare, as well. In fact, I would always say a prayer before shooting a scene, so this is not so different, in a way."<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> De{{nbsp}}Havilland preferred to use the [[Revised English Bible]] for its poetic style.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> She raised her son Benjamin in the Episcopal Church and her daughter Gisèle in the [[Roman Catholic Church]], the faith of each child's father.{{sfn|De Havilland|1962|pp=103–104}} As a United States citizen,<ref name="cnn-facts"/> de{{nbsp}}Havilland became involved in politics as a way of exercising her civic responsibilities.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She campaigned for [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s ultimately successful reelection bid in 1944.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> After the war, she joined the [[Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions]], a national public-policy advocacy group that included [[Bette Davis]], [[Gregory Peck]], [[Groucho Marx]], and [[Humphrey Bogart]] in its Hollywood chapter.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In June 1946, she was asked to deliver speeches for the committee that, in her view, reflected the [[Communist Party USA|Communist Party]] line. The group was later alleged to be a [[communist front]] organization.{{sfn|Billingsley|1998|pp=123–124}} De Havilland removed from her speeches the material that she considered pro-communist and rewrote them to reflect Democratic president [[Harry S. Truman]]'s anti-communist platform. She later recalled, "I realized a nucleus of people was controlling the organization without a majority of the members of the board being aware of it. And I knew they had to be Communists."<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She organized a fight to regain control of the committee from its pro-Soviet leadership, but her reform efforts failed. Her resignation from the committee triggered a wave of resignations by 11 other Hollywood figures, including future president [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref name="wsj-meroney"/>{{#tag:ref|Reagan was a relatively new board member when he was invited to join 10 other film-industry colleagues, including MGM studio head [[Dore Schary]], for a meeting at de{{nbsp}}Havilland's house where he was first told that Communists were trying to gain control of the committee.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|p=112}} During the meeting, he turned to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, who was on the executive committee, and whispered, "You know, Olivia, I always thought ''you'' might be one of them." Laughing, she responded, "That's funny. I thought ''you'' were one of them." Reagan suggested they propose a resolution at the next meeting that included language reaffirmed the committee's "belief in free enterprise and the Democratic system" and repudiated "Communism as desirable for the United States"{{nsmdns}}the executive committee voted it down the following week.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|pp=112–113}} Shortly afterwards, the committee disbanded and merged with the [[National Citizens PAC]] to form the [[Progressive Citizens of America]] (PCA).<ref name=Abt> {{cite book | first1 = John J. | last1= Abt | authorlink1 = John J. Abt | first2 = Michael | last2 = Myerson | title = Advocate and Activist: Memoirs of an American Communist Lawyer | publisher = University of Illinois Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9REaIPPh4k4C | pages = 138–9 (Chicago), 141 (merger) | date = 1993 | isbn= 9780252020308 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite magazine | title = National Affairs: Merger | magazine= TIME | url = http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,853003,00.html | date = January 6, 1947 | accessdate = October 19, 2019}}</ref><ref> {{cite web | title = Guide to the C.B. Baldwin Papers | publisher = University of Iowa | url = http://collguides.lib.uiowa.edu/?MSC0343 | date = | accessdate = November 25, 2016}}</ref> Despite organising Hollywood resistance to Soviet influence, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was denounced later that year as a "[[Pinko|swimming-pool pink]]" in ''Time'' magazine for her involvement in the committee.{{sfn|Gottfried|2002|p=146}}|group=Note}} In 1958, she was secretly called before the [[House Un-American Activities Committee]] and recounted her experiences with the Independent Citizens' Committee.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> ===Relationship with Joan Fontaine=== [[File:Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper holding Oscars|Joan Fontaine and [[Gary Cooper]] at the Academy Awards, 1942]] De Havilland and her sister [[Joan Fontaine]] are the only siblings to have each won Academy Awards in a lead acting category.<ref name="time-berman"/> According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], the sisters always had an uneasy relationship, starting in early childhood when Olivia had trouble accepting the idea of having a younger sister and Joan resented that her mother favored Olivia. Olivia would tear the clothes that her sister was given to wear as hand-me-downs, forcing Joan to stitch them together again.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> This tension was made worse by Fontaine's frequent childhood illnesses, which led to her mother's overly protective expression "Livvie can, Joan can't."{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland was the first to become an actress, and for several years Fontaine was overshadowed by her sister's accomplishments. When [[Mervyn LeRoy]] offered Fontaine a personal contract, her mother told her that Warner Bros. was "Olivia's studio" and that she could not use the family name of de{{nbsp}}Havilland.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=72}} In 1942, de{{nbsp}}Havilland and Fontaine were both nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress{{nsmdns}}de{{nbsp}}Havilland for ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' and Fontaine for ''[[Suspicion (1941 film)|Suspicion]]''. When Fontaine's name was announced as winner, de{{nbsp}}Havilland reacted graciously saying "We've got it!"{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=69}} According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], Fontaine rejected de{{nbsp}}Havilland's attempts to congratulate her, leaving de{{nbsp}}Havilland offended and embarrassed.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Their relationship was strained further in 1946 when Fontaine made negative comments to an interviewer about de{{nbsp}}Havilland's new husband Marcus Goodrich. When she read her sister's remarks, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was deeply hurt and waited for an apology that was never offered.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The following year after accepting her first Academy Award for ''To Each His Own'', de{{nbsp}}Havilland was approached backstage by Fontaine, who extended her hand to congratulate her; de{{nbsp}}Havilland turned away from her sister.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The two did not speak for the next five years.{{#tag:ref|In 1957, in the only interview in which she ever commented on her relationship with her sister, de{{nbsp}}Havilland told the Associated Press "Joan is very bright and sharp and has a wit that can be cutting. She said some things about Marcus that hurt me deeply. She was aware there was an estrangement between us."<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>|group=Note}} This may have caused an estrangement between Fontaine and her own daughters, who maintained a covert relationship with their aunt.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}} Following her divorce from Goodrich, de{{nbsp}}Havilland resumed contact with her sister,<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> visiting Fontaine's New York apartment and spending Christmas together in 1961.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/><ref name="getty-galella"/> The final break between the sisters occurred in 1975 over disagreements regarding their mother's cancer treatment; de{{nbsp}}Havilland wanted to consult other doctors and supported exploratory surgery but Fontaine disagreed.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=298}} Fontaine later claimed that de{{nbsp}}Havilland had not notified her of their mother's death while she was touring with a play, but de{{nbsp}}Havilland had in fact sent a telegram, which took two weeks to reach her sister.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> However, according to Fontaine in a 1979 interview with the CBC, de Havilland did not bother to phone to find out where she could be reached. The sibling feud lasted until Fontaine's death on December 15, 2013.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>{{#tag:ref|Fontaine once remarked, "I married first, won the Oscar before Olivia did, and if I die first, she'll undoubtedly be livid because I beat her to it!"<ref name="wp-bernstein"/>|group=Note}} The following day, de{{nbsp}}Havilland released a statement saying that she was "shocked and saddened" by the news.<ref name="cbsnews-djansezian-shocked"/> === Death === De Havilland died in her sleep of natural causes at her home in Paris on July 26, 2020, at the age of 104.{{refn|group=Note|De Havilland's publicist, Lisa Goldberg, confirmed that she had died of natural causes in her sleep on Sunday, July 26, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Lee |last1=Smith |first2=Chuck |last2=Johnston |title=Olivia de Havilland, star of 'Gone With the Wind,' dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |publisher=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/26/entertainment/olivia-de-havilland-dies/index.html |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref> However, due to the wording of some of the announcements (such as her former lawyer Suzelle M. Smith stating de Havilland had died "last night"<ref>{{Cite web |first=Tim |last=Gray |title=Olivia de Havilland, 'Gone With the Wind' Star, Dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/olivia-de-havilland-dead-died-gone-with-the-wind-1234716790/ |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref>) some media outlets misreported the date of death as the 25th.<ref name="EW-104">{{Cite magazine|last=Staskiewicz|first=Keith|date=July 26, 2020|title='Gone With the Wind' star Olivia de Havilland dies at 104|url=https://ew.com/movies/gone-with-the-wind-star-olivia-de-havilland-dies-at-104/|access-date=July 26, 2020|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref>}} Her funeral was held on August 1, 2020, at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]]. After cremation, her ashes were placed in the crematorium-columbarium of [[Père-Lachaise]], in an urn later to be transferred to a family burial place on the British island of [[Guernsey]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arlin |first1=Marc |date=August 7, 2020 |title=Mort d'Olivia de Havilland : ses obsèques se sont déroulées dans la plus stricte intimité |language=fr |work=Télé-Loisirs |url=https://www.programme-tv.net/news/cinema/258662-mort-dolivia-de-havilland-ses-obseques-se-sont-deroulees-dans-la-plus-stricte-intimite/ |access-date=August 26, 2020}}</ref> site=[[Gold Coast Bulletin]]|date=May 6, 2017}}</ref> In 2021, the Olivia de Havilland Theater was inaugurated at the [[American University of Paris]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.laurelzuckerman.com/2021/12/olivia-de-havilland-honored-in-paris.html|title=Olivia de Havilland honored in Paris|work=Paris Writers News|author= Gabrielle, Lara|date=December 24, 2021}}</ref> ==Àmì eye== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Film ! Result ! class="unsortable"| {{Tooltip|Ref|Reference}} |- | 1940 | rowspan="4" | [[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] | ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1942 | rowspan="3" | [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1946 | ''[[To Each His Own (1946 film)|To Each His Own]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1948 | rowspan="3" | ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1948 | [[National Board of Review]] | [[National Board of Review Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1948 | [[New York Film Critics Circle]] | [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1949 | [[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | rowspan="3" | ''[[The Heiress]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1949 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress - Drama]] | {{won}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1949 | [[New York Film Critics Circle]] | Best Actress | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1949 | [[Venice Film Festival|Venice Film Festival Volpi Cup]] | [[Volpi Cup for Best Actress]] | ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1953 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]] | ''[[My Cousin Rachel (1952 film)|My Cousin Rachel]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1960 | [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] | [[List of stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame|Star - Motion Pictures]] | — | {{won|Honored}} |<ref name="hollywood-walk" /> |- | 1986 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role]] | rowspan="2" | ''[[Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1986 | [[Primetime Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]] | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie|Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries]] | {{nom}} | <ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1998 | Honorary Doctorate | [[University of Hertfordshire]] | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="tcm-notes" /> |- | 2006 | Online Film & Television Association | Film Hall of Fame | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="ofta-hall" /> |- | 2008 | National Medal of Arts | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="wh-archive" /> |- | 2010 | [[Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur]] | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="ap-corbet" /> |- | 2016 | Oldie of the Year | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="bbc-oldie" /> |} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] ckpf4v2rg4vqr30fbp0bg4osj7wpsco 624885 624884 2026-07-02T07:21:01Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|British actress (1916–2020)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Dame]] | name = Olivia de Havilland | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|DBE}} | image = File:Santa Fe Trail 3.jpg | caption = De Havilland in 1940 | birth_name = Olivia Mary de Havilland | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|07|01}} | birth_place = [[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2020|07|26|1916|07|01}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = [[Pere Lachaise Cemetery]] | citizenship = {{Plainlist| * United Kingdom ([[History of British nationality law#British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914|at birth]]) * United States (after 1941) * France<!-- See Talk --> (after 1955) }} | other_names = {{hlist|Olivia Fontaine|Livvie}} | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1933–2010 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Marcus Goodrich]]|1946|1953|end = div}} * {{marriage|{{ill|Pierre Galante|fr|Pierre Galante}}|1955|1979|end = div}} }} | children = 2 | father = [[Walter de Havilland]] | mother = [[Lilian Fontaine]] | relatives = {{Plainlist| * [[Joan Fontaine]] (sister) * [[Hereward de Havilland]] (cousin) * [[Geoffrey de Havilland]] (cousin) }} | awards = {{see below|{{section link||Awards}}}} | signature = Olivia de Havilland signature.svg }} '''Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|_|ˈ|h|æ|v|ᵻ|l|ən|d}}; tí wón bí ní Ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916 – Ọjọ́ 26 oṣù Keje, ọdún 2020 jẹ́ òṣèré obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, Amẹ́ríkà àti Faranse.<!-- Per MOS:CONTEXTBIO, do not add "Japanese-born". --><!-- Do not change to "British-American" per MOS:CITIZEN. -->O kópa nínú àwọn sinimá àgbéléwò mọ́kàndínláàádọ́ta(49) jálẹ̀ gbogbo iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀, pẹ̀lú àwọn iṣẹ́ ńlá rẹ̀ nínú sinimá bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ọdún 1935 títí di ọdún 1988.<ref name="tcm-filmography"/> Kí ó tó kú ní ọdún 2020 ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rùn-ún àti mẹ́rin (104), òun ni ẹni tó dàgbà jùlọ tí ó ṣì wà láàyè àti ẹni tó kù láàyè lára àwọn òṣèré ìran rẹ̀ tí ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ[[Academy Award]] ó sì jẹ́ ẹni tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn gbà pé òun ni ìràwọ̀ ńlá tó gbẹ̀yìn tí ó ṣẹ́ kù láàyè láti ìgbà àgbàyanu sinimá Hollywood.Àbúrò rẹ̀ obìnrin, ẹni tí wọ́n ní ìjà pẹ̀lú fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún, tí àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ ìròyìn sì ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ dáadáa<ref name="life">{{cite web|url=https://life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/ |title=Hollywood's Most famous Sibling Rivalry |orig-date=April 10, 2015 |last=Berman |first=Eliza |date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[Life magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323140441/https://www.life.com/people/joan-fontaine-olivia-de-havilland/}}</ref> [[Joan Fontaine]] òṣèré obìnrin tí ó gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ Oscar. De Havilland kọ́kọ́ di olókìkí nípasẹ̀ àwọn fíìmù ìrìn-àjò tí ó ṣe pọ̀ pẹ̀lú Errol Flynn, bíi Captain Blood (1935) àti The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ipa tí ó gbajúgbajà jù lọ tí ó ṣe ni ti Melanie Hamilton nínú Gone with the Wind (1939). Ipa yìí ló mú kí ó gba ìyànjú àkọ́kọ́ nínú àwọn ìyànjú [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] márùn-ún tí ó ní, àti pé èyí nìkan ni fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Supporting Actress). Ní ọdún 1940 sí i, De Havilland fi àwọn ipa ọmọbìnrin aláìmọ̀ràn (ingénue) sílẹ̀, ó sì fi hàn pé òun jẹ́ òṣèré tó tayọ nípasẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú Hold Back the Dawn (1941), To Each His Own (1946),The Snake Pit (1948), àti The Heiress (1949). Ó gba ìyànjú Oscar mẹ́rin fún ẹ̀ka Òṣèré Obìnrin Tó Dára Jù Lọ (Best Actress), ó sì gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ náà fún To Each His Own àti The Heiress.Ó tún ṣàṣeyọrí nínú eré orí pátákó àti eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n. Láti ọdún 1950 sí i, De Havilland gbé ní ìlú Paris, ó sì gba ọ̀pọ̀ ọlá àti àmì ẹ̀yẹ, bíi National Medal of the Arts, Légion d'honneur, àti yíyan rẹ̀ sí ipò Dame Commander ti Order tí British Empire (DBE) ní ọmọ ọdún 101. Ní àfikún sí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú fíìmù, de Havilland tún bá iṣẹ́ eré onípele lọ, ó sì farahàn lẹ́ẹ̀mẹ́ta lórí Broadway nínú Romeo and Juliet (1951), Candidate (1952), àti A Gift of Time (1962). Ó tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ó sì kópa nínú jara tẹlifíṣọ̀n tó gbajúgbajà Roots: The Next Generations (1979) àti Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (1986). Fún ipa rẹ̀ nínú Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, ó gba ìyànjú fún àmì ẹ̀yẹ Primetime Emmy Award, ó sì gba Golden Globe Award gẹ́gẹ́ bí Òṣèré Obìnrin Alátìlẹ́yìn Tó Dára Jù Lọ nínú Fíìmù.Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ fíìmù rẹ̀, de Havilland gba àmì ẹ̀yẹ méjì láti ọwọ́ New York Film Critics Circle,National Board of Review Award for Best Actress,àti Volpi Cup ní Venice Film Festival. Nítorí àfikún pàtàkì rẹ̀ sí ilé iṣẹ́ sinimá, wọ́n fún un ní ìràwọ̀ kan lórí Hollywood Walk of Fame. Òun àti àbúrò rẹ̀ ni wọ́n ṣì jẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ẹbí kan ṣoṣo tí wọ́n ti gba àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ Academy Awards pàtàkì fún iṣẹ́ òṣèré. ==Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Nígbà tí wọ́n bí Olivia, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ìdílé Havilland,ìdílé ọlọ́lá kan ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tí ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀ ti wá láti agbègbè Normandy ní ilẹ̀ Faranse.Ìyá rẹ̀, Lilian Fontaine (orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse; 1886–1975), kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art ní ìlú London, ó sì di òṣèré eré onípele. Ó tún kọrin pẹ̀lú Sir Walter Parratt, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ Master of the King's Music, ó sì rìn kiri orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì pẹ̀lú akọrin àti olùdásílẹ̀ orin Ralph Vaughan Williams.Bàbá Olivia, Walter de Havilland 1872-1968 ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní Tokyo Imperial University kí ó tó di agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney).Arákùnrin bàbá rẹ̀, Sir Geoffrey de Havilland(1882–1965), jẹ́ oníṣe àti olùṣàgbékalẹ̀ ọkọ̀ òfurufú,ó sì dá ilé-iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ òfurufú de Havilland sílẹ̀. [[File:Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png|thumb|De Havilland with mother [[Lilian Fontaine]] and sister [[Joan Fontaine]] (left) c. 1922]] Walter àti Lilian pàdé ní orílẹ̀-èdè Japan ní ọdún 1913, wọ́n sì ṣe ìgbéyàwó ní ọdún tó tẹ̀ lé e. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ bẹ́ẹ̀, ìgbéyàwó wọn kò láyọ̀, ní pàtàkì nítorí pé Walter ń ṣe àìṣòótọ́ sí ìyàwó rẹ̀.Olivia Mary de Havilland ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Keje, ọdún 1916. Lẹ́yìn náà, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí ilé ńlá kan ní ìlú Tokyo, níbi tí Lilian ti máa ń ṣe àwọn ìfihàn orin kékeré fún àwọn ènìyàn.Àbúrò Olivia, Joan (Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland), ẹni tí a mọ̀ sí [[Joan Fontaine]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kejileloogun oṣù Kẹwàá ọdún 1917,nígbà tí Olivia jẹ́ ọmọ oṣù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún (15) péré.Nítorí ìbí wọn, àwọn arábìnrin méjèèjì di ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ní ìbámu pẹ̀lú ẹ̀tọ́ tí wọ́n ní láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn òbí wọn. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 1919, Lilian rọ ọkọ rẹ̀, Walter, pé kí wọ́n mú gbogbo ìdílé padà sí ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, nítorí ó gbà pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò dára jù lọ fún àwọn ọmọbìnrin wọn tí ara wọn kò yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=22}} Wọ́n gùn ọkọ̀ ojú omi SS Siberia Maru lọ sí [[San Francisco]],{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=18}} níbi tí wọ́n ti dúró kí wọ́n lè tọ́jú àìsàn amígídálà (tonsillitis) tí Olivia ní. Lẹ́yìn náà, Joan ṣàìsàn pneumonia (ìtọ́jú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró), èyí sì mú kí Lilian pinnu láti dúró pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọ rẹ̀ ní California. Ní ìparí, wọ́n gbé kalẹ̀ ní abúlé Saratoga, tó wà ní ìwọ̀n ibùsọ̀n mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n(àádọ́ta miles tàbí 80 km) sí gúúsù ìlú San Francisco.Walter fi ìdílé rẹ̀ sílẹ̀, ó sì padà sí Japan sí ọdọ́ olùtọ́jú ilé rẹ̀ ará Japan, ẹni tí ó di aya rẹ̀ kejì nígbà tó yá. [[File:USA-Saratoga-Lundblad%27s Lodge.jpg|thumb|Lundblad's Lodge in Saratoga, where the family lived for a while]] Olivia dàgbà ní àyíká tí wọ́n ti ń kọ́ ọ́ láti nífẹ̀ẹ́ sí iṣẹ́ ọnà. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ ballet, lẹ́yìn ọdún kan náà sì ni ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ piano. Ó ti mọ bí a ṣe ń kàwé kí ó tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́fà.Ìyá rẹ̀, tí ó máa ń kọ́ eré onípele, orin àti ọ̀nà sọ̀rọ̀ tó dáa (elocution) lẹ́ẹ̀kọ̀ọ̀kan, máa ń jẹ́ kí Olivia ká àwọn àyọkà láti inú iṣẹ́ William Shakespeare láti mú kí ọ̀nà ìsọ̀rọ̀ rẹ̀ túbọ̀ dára. Ní àkókò yẹn ni àbúrò rẹ̀ bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í pè é ní "Livvie", orúkọ ìnagijẹ tí ó bá a lọ títí di òpin ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀.Ní ọdún 1922, de Havilland wọ Saratoga Grammar School, ó sì ṣe dáadáa nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ràn kíkọ̀wé, kíkọ ewì àti yíyàwòrán. Nígbà kan, ó ṣojú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje mímọ ìtọ́kasí ọ̀rọ̀ (spelling bee) ní ìpínlẹ̀, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì.Ní ọdún 1923, Lilian kọ́ ilé tuntun kan tí a ṣe ní àwòṣe Tudor, ìdílé náà sì gbé ibẹ̀ títí di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 1930. Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, lẹ́yìn tí ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Walter parí ní òfin, Lilian fẹ́ George Milan Fontaine, alákóso ilé-itaja kan ní ìlú [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=23–24}} Fontaine jẹ́ oníṣòwò tó níyì, ó sì ń pèsè ohun gbogbo tí ìdílé nílò. Síbẹ̀, ìlànà ìtọ́jú ọmọ rẹ̀ tó le gan-an mú kí àwọn ọmọbìnrin ìyàwó rẹ̀ méjèèjì máa bínú sí i, tí ó sì yọrí sí ìṣọ̀tẹ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ wọn nígbà tó yá.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}}{{#tag:ref|Lilian and George were introduced to each other in 1920 by four-year-old Olivia who noticed him sitting on a park bench and referred to him in Japanese as "Daddy".{{sfnm|1a1=Fontaine|1y=1978|1p=23|2a1=Thomas|2y=1983|2p=25}}|group=Note}} [[File:Olivia De Haviland 1933.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=At the age of 15|De Havilland in the stage play ''[[Alice ni Wonderland]]'', 1933]] De{{nbsp}}De Havilland tẹ̀síwájú nínú ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Gíga Los Gatos (Los Gatos High School), tó wà nítòsí ilé wọn ní Saratoga.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, ó tayọ nínú iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ ní gbangba(oratory) àti eré hockey lórí pápá (field hockey).Ó tún máa ń kópa nínú àwọn eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ ń ṣe àti ẹgbẹ́ eré onípele ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, níbi tí ó ti di akọ̀wé ẹgbẹ́ náà nígbà tó yá. {{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Pẹ̀lú èrò láti di olùkọ́ ní èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti iṣẹ́ ìsọ̀rọ̀ (speech).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=25}} Ó tún lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ Notre Dame Convent ní ìlú Belmont.{{sfn|Jensen|1942|p=91}} Ní ọdún 1933, nígbà tí de Havilland ṣì jẹ́ ọ̀dọ́bìnrin, ó ṣe àfihàn eré onípele rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni tí kì í ṣe òṣèré amọ̀ja nínú Alice in Wonderland. Eré náà jẹ́ àgbékalẹ̀ tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Players ṣe, tí ó dá lórí ìwé aramada tí Lewis Carroll kọ.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} Ó tún kópa nínú ọ̀pọ̀ eré tí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ṣe, títí kan The Merchant of Venice àti Hansel and Gretel.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|pp=47–48}} Ìfẹ́ tó ní sí eré sinima mú kí ìjà kan wáyé láàárín rẹ̀ àti ẹ̀yán to ṣe bí bàbá rẹ̀, ẹni tí ó kọ̀ ọ́ láàyè láti tún kópa nínú àwọn ìṣe míì tí kì í ṣe ti ẹ̀kọ́ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nígbà tí ẹnì to ṣe bí baba fún gbọ́ pé ó ti gba ipa àkọ́kọ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Elizabeth Bennet nínú eré Pride and Prejudice tí kọ, tí wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó [[Jane Austen]]'s wọ́n sì ṣe láti kó owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú owó fún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ó sọ fún un pé kó yan ọ̀kan nínú méjì: bóyá kó dúró ní ilé tàbí kó kópa nínú eré náà, ṣùgbọ́n bí ó bá yan láti ṣe eré náà, kò ní jẹ́ kí ó padà sí ilé.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Nítorí pé kò fẹ́ ba ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ àti àwọn ọmọ kíláàsì rẹ̀ nínú jẹ, ó fi ilé sílẹ̀, ó sì lọ gbé pẹ̀lú ọ̀rẹ́ kan tí ìdílé wọn.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=48}} Lẹ́yìn tí de Havilland parí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ní ọdún 1934, wọ́n fún un ní sikolashipu láti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Mills College[[Oakland]] kí ó lè lépa àfojúsùn rẹ̀ láti di olùkọ́ èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Wọ́n tún fún un ní ànfàní láti ṣe ipa Puck nínú eré onípele A Midsummer Night's Dream tí William Shakespeare kọ, tí ẹgbẹ́ Saratoga Community Theater ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=26}} understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀kan lára àwọn olùrànlọ́wọ́ Reinhardt rí de Havilland nígbà tó ń ṣe eré onípele ní Saratoga, ó sì fún un ní ipò òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn kejì (second understudy) fún ipa Hermia.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Ọ̀sẹ̀ kan kí eré náà tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìfihàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀,Jean Rouverol, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ òṣèré àtìlẹ́yìn, àti Gloria Stuart, òṣèré àkọ́kọ́, fi iṣẹ́ náà sílẹ̀. Èyí mú kí de Havilland, ẹni tí ó jẹ́ ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìnlá-dín-lógún (18) nígbà yẹn, gba ipa Hermia láti ṣe.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Impressed with her performance, Reinhardt offered her the part in the four-week autumn tour that followed.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=27}} Nígbà ìrìnàjò eré náà, Reinhardt gba ìròyìn pé wọ́n ti yàn án láti darí àwòrán fíìmù tí ilé-iṣẹ́ Warner Bros. máa ṣe láti inú eré onípele rẹ̀. Ó sì fún de Havilland ní ipa Hermia nínú fíìmù náà.Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, de Havilland ṣiyèméjì nítorí ó ṣì fẹ́ di olùkọ́. Ṣùgbọ́n Reinhardt àti olùdarí ìṣejádù fíìmù,Henry Blanke, rọ̀ ọ́ títí tí ó fi fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn iṣẹ́ ọdún márùn-ún pẹ̀lú Warner Bros. ní ọjọ́ 12 oṣù kọkànlá, ọdún 1934. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ náà pẹ̀lú owó oṣù $200 lọ́sẹ̀, èyí sì di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèré amọ̀ja rẹ̀ tó tẹ̀síwájú fún ohun tó ju ọdún àádọ́ta lọ. ==Àmì eye== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Award ! Category ! Film ! Result ! class="unsortable"| {{Tooltip|Ref|Reference}} |- | 1940 | rowspan="4" | [[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] | ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1942 | rowspan="3" | [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1946 | ''[[To Each His Own (1946 film)|To Each His Own]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1948 | rowspan="3" | ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1948 | [[National Board of Review]] | [[National Board of Review Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1948 | [[New York Film Critics Circle]] | [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1949 | [[Academy Awards]] | [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] | rowspan="3" | ''[[The Heiress]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1949 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress - Drama]] | {{won}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1949 | [[New York Film Critics Circle]] | Best Actress | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1949 | [[Venice Film Festival|Venice Film Festival Volpi Cup]] | [[Volpi Cup for Best Actress]] | ''[[The Snake Pit]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="allmovie-olivia-awards" /> |- | 1953 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama|Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama]] | ''[[My Cousin Rachel (1952 film)|My Cousin Rachel]]'' | {{nom}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1960 | [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] | [[List of stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame|Star - Motion Pictures]] | — | {{won|Honored}} |<ref name="hollywood-walk" /> |- | 1986 | [[Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture|Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role]] | rowspan="2" | ''[[Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna]]'' | {{won}} |<ref name="golden-globes-olivia" /> |- | 1986 | [[Primetime Emmy Awards|Primetime Emmy Award]] | [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie|Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries]] | {{nom}} | <ref name="tcm-milestones" /> |- | 1998 | Honorary Doctorate | [[University of Hertfordshire]] | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="tcm-notes" /> |- | 2006 | Online Film & Television Association | Film Hall of Fame | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="ofta-hall" /> |- | 2008 | National Medal of Arts | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="wh-archive" /> |- | 2010 | [[Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur]] | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="ap-corbet" /> |- | 2016 | Oldie of the Year | — | — | {{won|Honored}} | <ref name="bbc-oldie" /> |} ==Itokasi== {{Reflist}} {{Academy Award Best Actress}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} [[Ẹ̀ka:àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní ]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ẹlẹ́bùn Akádẹ́mì Obìnrin Òṣeré Dídárajùlọ 1k]] cx2avkqlht2kijrblwui9snnqh6pkar 0 36882 625016 546624 2026-07-02T10:03:49Z HERODOE 32217 Ìfọ̀mọ́ àyọkà àti àtúnkọ rẹ̀ kí ó lè yé ni yékéyéké pẹ̀lú àmì ohùn tó tọ́. 625016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Olórin ọmọ Nàìjíríà (1930–1996)}} {{Use Nigerian English|date=October 2020}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}} {{Infobox musical artist | name = Isaiah Kehinde Dairo | image = IKDairo.png | caption = | background = solo_singer | birth_name = | alias = | birth_date = 1930 | death_date = ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kèjì 1996 (ẹni ọdún 65) | birth_place = Ọ̀fà, [[Kwara State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara]] | origin = | instrument = [[Accordion|Akkọ́díọ̀nù]] | genre = [[Folk music|Orin ìbílẹ̀]], [[Jùjú music|Orin Jùjú]] | occupation = Akọrin àti olùkọrin | years_active = 1957–1996 | label = | website = | current_members = | past_members = }} '''Isaiah Kehinde Dairo''' [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]] (1930 &ndash; ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kèjì 1996) jẹ́ olórin [[Jùjú music|Jùjú]] ọmọ Nàìjíríà. == Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ayé == A bí I.K. Dairo ní ìlú [[Offa|Ọ̀fà]], tí ó wà ní [[Kwara State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara]] báyìí; ìdílé rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọmọ bíbí [[Ijebu-Jesa|Ìjẹ̀bú-Jẹ̀ṣà]] kí wọ́n tó ṣí lọ sí [[Offa, Nigeria|Ọ̀fà]]. Ó lọ sí ilé-ìwé alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ ti gbajúmọ̀ àwọn míṣọ́nnárì onígbàgbọ́ (Christian Missionary) ní Ọ̀fà, ṣùgbọ́n, ó kúrò ní ilé-ìwé nítorí àìlóóró nínú ọ̀rọ̀ ajé ìdílé rẹ̀ ní ọdún náà. Ó kúrò ní Ọ̀fà, ó sì rìnrìn-àjò lọ sí [[Ijebu-Jesa|Ìjẹ̀bú-Jẹ̀ṣà]] níbi tí ó ti yàn láti ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bíi [[barber|bábà]] (agẹrun). Nígbà ìrìn-àjò rẹ̀, ó mú ìlù kan tí bàbá rẹ̀ kàn fún un nígbà tí ó wà ní ọmọ ọdún méje lọ́wọ́. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Ìjẹ̀bú-Jẹ̀ṣà, ó ti jẹ́ olùfẹ́ lílù ìlù kíkankíkan.<ref name="Ellison">Ellison, Jen. Dairo Brings Juju Sound to UW, ''The Skanner''. (Seattle edition). Seattle, Washington: 29 March 1995. Vol.5, Iss. 48; pg. 1.</ref> Nígbà tí kò bá ní iṣẹ́ lọ́wọ́, ó máa ń lo àkókò rẹ̀ láti fetí sí àwọn aṣáwájú orin [[jùjú music|jùjú]] ní agbègbè náà, ó sì tún máa ń dánra wò pẹ̀lú lílù ìlù. Ìfẹ́ tí ó ní sí orin jùjú ń pọ̀ sí i pẹ̀lú àkókò, àti ní ọdún 1942, ó darapọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ orin kan tí Taiwo Igese darí rẹ̀ ṣùgbọ́n láàárín ọdún díẹ̀, ẹgbẹ́ náà túká. Ní ọdún 1948, ó lọ sí [[Ede, Nigeria|Ẹdẹ]], ìlú kan ní [[Osun State|Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀ṣun]] báyìí níbi tí ó ti bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bíi alájápá oníṣòwò aṣọ, tí ó sì ń kọrin pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ abẹ́lẹ́ kan ní ẹ̀gbẹ́ kan. Lọ́jọ́ kan, nígbà tí ọ̀gá rẹ̀ rin ìrìn-àjò lọ, I.K. Dairo pinnu láti tẹ̀lé àwọn ọ̀rẹ́ rẹ̀ lọ kọrin níbi ayẹyẹ abẹ́lẹ́ kan, láìmọ̀ pé ọ̀gá rẹ̀ ń padà bọ̀ ní ọjọ́ kan náà, inú bí ọ̀gá rẹ̀ púpọ̀ sí ìwà yìí, wọ́n sì lé e kúrò lẹ́nu iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí àbájáde rẹ̀.<ref name="Alan Waterman">Christopher Alan Waterman. Jujú: : a Social History and Ethnography of an African Popular Music, University of Chicago Press, 1990. p 101. {{ISBN|0-226-87465-6}}</ref> I.K. Dairo padà ṣe onírúurú iṣẹ́ agbára lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n lé e kúrò lẹ́nu iṣẹ́, ó sì rí owó tó pọ̀ tó tò láti ṣí lọ sí Ìbàdàn, níbi tí Daniel Ojoge, aṣáwájú olórin Jùjú, ti sábà máa ń kọrin. Ó rí ànfaàní láti darapọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ orin Daniel Ojoge, ó sì kọrin fún ìgbà díẹ̀ kí ó tó padà sí Ìjẹ̀bú-Jẹ̀ṣà, púpọ̀ nínú àwọn orin tí ó kọ pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Ojoge jẹ́ ti òru.<ref name=" a major African recording star">[https://www.mustrad.org.uk/articles/ikdairo.htm Article MT111 – from Musical Traditions No 1, Mid 1983 : '' a major African recording star ''] Retrieved 6 January 2012</ref> == Iṣẹ́ == Iṣẹ́ orin I.K. Dairo yára gbòde nígbà tí ó dá ẹgbẹ́ orin ẹlẹ́ni-mẹ́wàá sílẹ̀ tí ó pè ní Morning Star Orchestra ní ọdún 1957. Ní ọdún 1960, nígbà ayẹyẹ òmìnira Nàìjíríà, wọ́n pe ẹgbẹ́ náà láti kọrin níbi àpéjọ tí gbajúgbajà amòfin àti olóṣèlú tí ń gbé ní [[Ibadan|Ìbàdàn]], Olóyè D O A Oguntoye ṣe agbátẹrù rẹ̀. Pẹ̀lú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn eeyan pàtàkì ọmọ [[Yoruba people|Yorùbá]] ní ibi ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà, I.K. Dairo fi ọ̀nà ìkọrin jùjú rẹ̀ hàn, ó sì gba àfiyèsí àti ìyìn láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ọmọ Yorùbá mìíràn tí ó wà níbẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ nínú wọn ni wọ́n padà pè é sí àwọn ibi ìkọrin nígbà ayẹyẹ àṣà tàbí àwọn àpéjọ ńláńlá. Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àwọn ọdún 1960, ó yí orúkọ ẹgbẹ́ náà padà sí Blue Spots, ó sì tún gba ipò kìn-ín-ní nínú ìdíje kan tí wọ́n gbé sáfẹ́fẹ́ ní [[Western Region, Nigeria|Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn Nàìjíríà]] láti fi oríṣiríṣi ẹ̀bùn nínú orin jùjú hàn. Ní àkókò náà, ó rí ànfaàní láti dá ilé-iṣẹ́ agbórin-sílẹ̀ tirẹ̀ sílẹ̀ ní ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀ pẹ̀lú [[Haruna Ishola]], ó sì ní àṣeyọrí tó gbópọn, ó gbajúmọ̀ púpọ̀. === Ohun tó mú un wúrí àti Ìtọ́sọ́nà === Ìyọyọ I.K Dairo ní ìparí àwọn ọdún 1950 ṣe déédé pẹ̀lú ìdùnnú tí ń pọ̀ sí i fún òmìnira. A rí i nígbà náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí aṣáwájú olórin tí ó lè gbé àkókò ìdùnnú tó ṣáájú òmìnira orílẹ̀-èdè àti ní ṣókí lẹ́yìn òmìnira yọ. Ìfẹ́ fún orin ní àkókò náà ti tẹ̀síwájú láti orí mímọrírì àwọn orin pẹ̀lẹ́ sí àwọn orin tí ó ní ìró tó kún fún agbára púpọ̀ sí i. Àkókò náà tún jẹ́ ti àwọn àpéjọ ńláńlá pẹ̀lú àwọn olórin gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwùyẹ àfiyèsí.<ref>Afolabi Alaja-Browne. 'A Diachronic Study of Change in Juju Music', Popular Music, Vol. 8, No. 3, African Music, Oct. 1989. p 5.</ref> Àṣeyọrí orin I.K. Dairo ní àwọn ọdún 1960 jẹ́ látara onírúurú nǹkan, títí kan lílo àwọn ìró ìbílẹ̀, ìgbésí ayé ìṣèlú ti àwọn ọdún 1950 tí ó mú un wúrí, àti àfiyèsí lórí Ríhídímì, ìlù, àti ìyára tí ó fi ìró onírúurú ẹ̀yà hàn, èyí tí ó jẹ́ kí àfẹ́fẹ́ rẹ̀ kọjá àwọn ọmọ [[ethnic|ẹ̀yà]] rẹ̀ àkọ́kọ́.<ref>Alan Waterman pp 102–104.</ref> Ẹgbẹ́ orin rẹ̀ ṣe àdánwò, wọ́n sì kọrin pẹ̀lú àwọn ọ̀nà ìkọrin tó wá láti onírúurú àwọn agbègbè Yorùbá, wọ́n sì tún lo èdè [[Edo language|Ẹdó]], [[Urhobo language|Ùhòbò]], [[Itsekiri|Ìtsekírì]], àti [[Hausa language|Hausa]] nínú àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ orin wọn. Ìṣètò títóbi àti ìfarabalẹ̀ ẹgbẹ́ náà, ríhídímì ijó tí Yorùbá àti Latin America ní ipa lórí rẹ̀, àti àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ orin ìyìn lórí iṣẹ́ okòwò àwọn alátìlẹ́yìn ni àwọn ohun tó ṣokùnfà dídé rẹ̀ sí góńgó jùjú àti àyíká orin ní orílẹ̀-èdè náà. Ó tún lo àdàlù orin (musical syncretism), nípa dídàlù ìró kíkọrin ẹlẹ́gbẹ́ (choral multi-part sound) ti Ìjẹ̀bú-Jẹ̀ṣà pẹ̀lú àwọn ohùn àti ọ̀rọ̀ láti orísun ẹ̀sìn Kìrìsìtẹ́ni. Ní ọdún 1962, ó gbé orin 'Salome' jáde lábẹ́ ilé-iṣẹ́ Decca records. Orin náà da àwọn èlò ìbílẹ̀ pọ̀ nínú àṣà Yorùbá àti ìgbésí ayé ìgboro gẹ́gẹ́ bí kókó-ọ̀rọ̀ pàtàkì. Orin náà jẹ́ orin tó gbajúmọ̀ gan-an fún un. Orin rẹ̀ mìíràn tí ó tún gbajúmọ̀ púpọ̀ ni Ka Sora (Ẹ jẹ́ ká ṣọ́ra), a máa ń ṣe àpèjúwe orin náà gẹ́gẹ́ bí orin àsọtẹ́lẹ̀ nipa [[Nigerian Civil War|Ogun Ẹ̀tọ́ Ọmọnìyàn Nàìjíríà (Ogun Abẹ́lé)]] nínú ìkìlọ̀ rẹ̀ nipa ewu tí ń bẹ nínú ìjọba tí kò mọ̀nà. Ó tún gbé àwọn orin gbajúmọ̀ mìíràn jáde títí kan èyí tó sọ̀rọ̀ nipa Olóyè [[Awolowo]], ẹni tí wọ́n sọ sẹ́wọ̀n ní àkókò tí wọ́n gbé orin náà jáde. === Àwọn ohun èlò orin === Ẹgbẹ́ náà lo ohun èlò [[accordion|akkọ́díọ̀nù]] tí a gbé ohùn rẹ̀ sókè, èyí tí I.K. fúnra rẹ̀ tẹ̀, òun sì ni olórin gbajúgbajà àkọ́kọ́ tí ó tẹ akkọ́díọ̀nù. Àwọn ohun èlò orin mìíràn tí ẹgbẹ́ náà lò pẹ̀lú gita oníná, [[talking drum|gángan]], double toy, akuba, [[ogido|ògìdó]], clips, [[maracas|ṣẹ̀kẹ̀rẹ̀]], agogo ([[Bell (instrument)|bell]]), ṣáńbà (ìlù onígun mẹ́rin).<ref>Alan Waterman pp. 102–111.</ref> === Ìgbẹ̀yìn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ === Wíwà Dairo ní góńgó nínú gbàgede orin Nàìjíríà kò pẹ́ rárá, ní ọdún 1964, olórin tuntun kan; [[Ebenezer Obey]]; ti ń gba ilẹ̀, àti ní ìparí àwọn ọdún 1960, méjèèjì Obey àti [[King Sunny Adé]] ti yọrí gẹ́gẹ́ bí àwọn gbajúmọ̀ akọrin àkókò náà. Bí ó tilẹ̀ rí bẹ́ẹ̀, Dairo tẹ̀síwájú pẹ̀lú orin rẹ̀, ó ń rìnrìn-àjò yíká Yúróòpù àti Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà ní àwọn ọdún 1970 àti 1980. Ó tún kópa nínú àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ìfẹ́-inú díẹ̀ tí ń rí sí ẹ̀tọ́ dúkìá (property rights) àwọn olórin. Láàárín ọdún 1994 àti 1995, ó jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ẹ̀ka ẹ̀kọ́ nipa orin ẹ̀yà (Ethnomusicology) ní [[University of Washington, Seattle|Fásitì Washington, Seattle]].<ref>[https://www.rootsworld.com/rw/feature/dairo.html In memory of I.K. Dairo]</ref> === Apá kan àwọn àwo-orin I.K. Dairo àti àwọn Blue Spots === '''CD''' *''Ashiko'', 1994, Xenophile Music *''Definitive Dairo'', Xenophile Music *''I Remember'', [[Music of the World]] *''Juju Master'', Original Music '''Àwo-Orin''' *''Salome'' 92 *''Ise Ori Ranmi Ni Mo Nse'' *''I Remember My Darling'', *''Erora Feso Jaiye'' *''Se B'Oluwa Lo Npese'' *''Yoruba Solidarity'' *''Mo ti yege'' *''Ashiko'' Vols 1&2 Early 1970s' == Ìtọ́kasí == {{reflist}} == Àwọn Ìjápọ̀ Ìta == *[http://www.nigeria-arts.net/Music/Juju/IK_Dairo_MBE/ Ìtàn Ìgbésí Ayé IK Dairo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060212170429/http://www.nigeria-arts.net/Music/Juju/IK_Dairo_MBE/ |date=12 February 2006 }} lórí [http://www.nigeria-arts.net/ Nigeria-Arts.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070327214900/http://www.nigeria-arts.net/ |date=27 March 2007 }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dairo, I. K.}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn akọrin ọkùnrin Nàìjíríà ní ọ̀rúndún ogún]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn akọrin Yorùbá]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olórin láti Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Order of the British Empire]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1930]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 1996]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn olórin Nàìjíríà ní ọ̀rúndún ogún]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn akọrin Nàìjíríà lédè Yorùbá]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn atẹ-akkọ́díọ̀nù]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọmọ Nàìjíríà tó ń gbé ní Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] fl1nss3yc43evvg283nxzr2e8hjv2o5 2 66660 624875 623869 2026-07-02T06:41:48Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 624875 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Member of the Senate of Republic of the Congo who was a member twice does not show twice. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21295131 } |section= |sort=P39/Q21295131/P580 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21295131/P580:Start date,P39/Q21295131/P582:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! 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|- | ''[[:d:Q5291160|Dominique Ntsiété]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5515770|Gabriel Oba-Apounou]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | 2014-10-12 | 2017-08-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6169940|Jean-Pierre Nonault]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6756178|Marcel Moufouma-Okia]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7192163|Pierre Damien Boussoukou-Boumba]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | 2014-10-12 | 2017-08-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7192379|Pierre Ngolo]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Pierre Ngolo - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7192383|Pierre Nzé]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Pierre Nzé.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q97036793|Micheline Golengo]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106516524|Pascal Mouassiposso]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | 2002 | 2008 | |- | ''[[:d:Q110387906|Joseph Yedikissa-Dhadié]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112321253|Jeanne Francoise Lekomba]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112568782|Raymond Bongo Mavoungou]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112568786|Julien Epola]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112568832|Roger Edouard Okoula]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570887|Agathe Mankongou Kamango]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570888|Alphonse Boudo Neza]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570889|Alphonse Nkoua]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570890|Anasthasie Batchieleli Moudoma]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570891|André Longuele]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | 2014-10-12 | 2017-08-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570892|André Ongagna]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570894|Antoine Banvindi]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570895|Antoine Denis Loemba]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570896|Antonin Molamou]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570897|Aristide Ngama Ngakosso]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570898|Athanase Makoundi Makaya]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570899|Barthélémy Nzaba Bakala]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | 2014-10-12 | 2017-08-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570900|Bernard Mbatchi]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570901|Boniface Bouka]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570902|Charlotte Olondowé]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | 2014-10-12 | 2017-08-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570903|Christine Ngomoka Diokivouka]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570904|Clobert Ibinda]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | 2014-10-12 | 2017-08-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570905|Dominique Aloka]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570906|Euloge Henri Rock Ondziel-Onna]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570907|Gabriel Ondongo]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | 2014-10-12 | 2017-08-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570908|Gabriel Zambila]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570909|Gaspard Kaya Magane]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570910|Gaston Eyabo]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570911|Georges Métoul]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570912|Jacqueline Moundzalo]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | 2014-10-12 | 2017-08-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570913|Jean Nicolas Moungalla]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | 2014-10-12 | 2017-08-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570914|Jean Rodrigue Mvouma]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570915|Jean Roger Ekoundzola]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | 2014-10-12 | 2017-08-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570916|Jean Serge Kentoula]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570917|Jean-Marie Epouma Andzimba]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | 2014-10-12 | 2017-08-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570918|Jean-Marie Opembé]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570920|Joséphine Mountou-Bayonne]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | 2014-10-12 | 2017-08-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570921|Justin Goma Gabou]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570922|Ludovic Robert Miyouna]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570923|Jeanne Emilie Ngoto]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | 2014-10-12 | 2017-08-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570924|Marie Rosine Dongo]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570925|Marie Thérèse Bouvet]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570926|Martin Nicaise Makosso]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570927|Maurice Mbella]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570928|Michel Mayinga]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570929|Michel Robert Makaya]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570930|Emilienne Charlotte Lékoundzou]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | 2014-10-12 | 2017-08-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570931|Bernadette Ondaye]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | 2014-10-12 | 2017-08-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570932|Norbert Mbou]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570933|Odette Massoussa]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570934|Paul Stanislas Nguié]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570935|Pauline Ikourou Yoka]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570936|Pierre Nzely Massanga Izoungou]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | 2014-10-12 | 2017-08-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570937|Ralco Mouanda Kitsinga]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570938|Sylver Makaya Tchibinda]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570939|Sébastien Seba]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | 2014-10-12 | 2017-08-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570940|Théophile Adoua]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570941|Victoire Ngolingo]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112570942|Victor Foudi]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112571052|Jean Félix-Tchicaya]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112655032|Joseph Mapengo Ganongo]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112659726|Abassikoula Prosper]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112659727|Andzemba Michel]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112659729|Batsela Auguste]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112659730|Bernadette Bayonne]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112659731|Bissila Martin]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112659732|Botoka Emilienne]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112659733|Bouanga Taty Jean Pierre]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112659736|Engouali Jean Pierre]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112659737|Ezaka Demonteis]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112659738|Philomène Fouty Soungou]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112659739|Ikongo Logan]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112659740|Bernard Issanga]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112659742|René Kanga]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | 2014-10-12 | 2017-08-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112659743|Kombila Goma Gabriel]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112659744|François Lekaka]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112659745|Dominique Lekoyi]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | 2014-10-12 | 2017-08-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q112659746|Edouard Lonongo]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112659747|Paul Madzou]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112659748|Bernard Makaya]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112659749|Makaya Norbert]]'' | | [[Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Kóngò]] | | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} gyislecmwrw7dan50afygogq9yzucr1 2 66679 624863 623838 2026-07-01T23:34:12Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 624863 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Member of the House of Peoples' Representatives who was a member twice does not show twice. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21328614 } |section= |sort=P39/Q21328614/P580 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21328614/P580:Start date,P39/Q21328614/P582:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | ''[[:d:Q131998466|Azmera Andemo Kelo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998468|Balew Baye Assefa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998470|Bartema Fikadu Siraga]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998472|Bayabl Mulate Fitgu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998474|Bayush Birhanu Kerorsa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998477|Begashaw Teklu Alemayehu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998479|Behelhem Lakew Sisay]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998480|Berhane Meskel Tena Zemenfes]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998482|Berhaneteshay T/Wold]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998484|Berhanu Feisa Tila]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998485|Berhanu Gobena Yabe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998487|Betel Melakumu Abdisa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998489|Beyenech Demeke Ato]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998491|Beza Teshome]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998494|Biftu Hassan Jebero]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998496|Birhanu Hankara Hatiya]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998498|Birhanu Megersa Lenjiso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998499|Birke Bahru Miraf]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998501|Brooke Lambiso Wamisho]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998503|Bzuayehu Degefu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998504|Chala Lami Argane]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998506|Chala Wata Deres]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998509|Chaltu Mohommed Abdurahmn]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998511|Chaltu Werje Tuke]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998513|Chimdo Hanchela Bulcha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998515|Christian Tadele Tsegaye]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998518|Daniel Kibret Birhane]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998521|Dawud Mohammed Nur]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998522|Debebe Admasu Yilma]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998524|Debele Kabeta Hursa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998526|Debritu Tadege Mengesha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998528|Dejitnu Alene Zewde]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998530|Demeke Achiso Hirgeto]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998534|Dereje Debela Senbeto]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998536|Dereje Teklemariam Gebremeskel]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998538|Desalegn Eriso Hasiso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998540|Desalegn Wedaje Zemene]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998541|Dessalegn Chanie Dagnew]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998543|Dessie Dalke Dukamo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998545|Desta Befikadu Negewo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998547|Destaw Mekuanint Mezengiya]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998549|Destaye Tilahun Misker]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998551|Dilamo Otere Frange]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998553|Dima Nogo Serbo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998555|Dina Mufti Ledi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998557|Diriba Galati Chali]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998559|Dita Nura Tero]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998560|Mohammed Abdo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998562|Dube Julo Maaga]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998564|Duguma Adugna Debele]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998566|Eba Mijena Negero]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998569|Ebenezer Bekele Amare]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998572|Ejigu Melake G / Meskel]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998574|Elias Ahmed Sadik]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998576|Elsabeth Ejigu Qena'A]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998580|Endalkachew Asrat Zeleke]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998583|Endalkachew Lelisa Duresa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998588|Endalu Mulatu Lemi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998590|Endriyas Geta Beldeda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998594|Kemal Mohammed Zeynu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998599|Eng Sileshi Kore Dube]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998601|Ephrem Tessema Taressa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998604|Ergoge Tesfaye W / Meskel]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998609|Eshetu G/Mariam Gol]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998616|Eshetu Temesgen Gelan]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998620|Eskinder Aliye Abdula]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998625|Essa Boru Tola]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998629|Esubalew Mebrate Tesema]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998635|Etaferahu Mota Bogale]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998640|Etaferahu Zegeye Ambaw]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998644|Etagegnehu Eshetu Gudeta]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998649|Etefa Obsa Duresa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998654|Etsegenet Mengistu Zeleke]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998659|Ewnete Alene Yalew]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998665|Eyerusalem Lewi Essey]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998668|Eyob Tekalign Tolina]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998672|Fahmi Ali Mohammed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998679|Faima Shejemal Abamecha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998683|Fanaye Melese Wolde]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998686|Fanos Hailu Adera]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998689|Fantaye Legesse Weldegiorgis]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998691|Farah Mohamed Farah]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998695|Faris Delil Yesuf]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998697|Fathi Mahdi Wezir]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998699|Fato Ismo Beriso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998702|Fatuma Ali Ibrahim]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998705|Faysal Odwa Abdi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998708|Fekadu Mosisa Gemeda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998712|Fekadu Tulu Ketema]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998715|Ferida Shemsedin Mohammed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998717|Fetiya Ahmed Abrahim]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998720|Fetiya Ahmed Shire]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998723|Feyid Sherab Sherif]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998724|Fikadu Bedilu Bolja]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998727|Fikadu Gawshalo Memo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998732|Fikadu Mengistu Ashemi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998735|Fikir Abay Anawt]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998738|Fikru Werku Birshe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998742|Firew Tesfaye Odayte]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998743|Fisaha W/Senbet Tegegn]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998748|Fraol Udessa Gelchu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998749|Fuad Abafita Ababulgo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998751|Gashaw Dagnew Lakew]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998753|Gashayalew Gala Galada]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998756|Gelane Bikila Woyecha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998758|Genet Abraham Yayu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998760|Genet Bete Gerawork]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998762|Genet Ketema Bekele]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998766|Genet Waqgari Fitie]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998769|Geremu Huluka Amanu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998771|Getahun Limenh Abegaz]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998773|Getnet Tadele Tefera]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998776|Gezu Manaye Chakol]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998778|Goiti Wancho Oke]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998780|Gudeta Belelcha Sefisa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998782|Gusha Balko Birbirsa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998784|Habtamu Tegegne Destaye]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998786|Habtemariam Mekonnen Ali]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998788|Haji Kedir Abdule]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998790|Halimo Hassen Mohamed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998792|Hamedu Geas Mohammed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998794|Hangasa Ahmed Ibrahim]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998796|Haregwoin Yimer Ahmed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998798|Hasen Shek Yusuf Abadulai]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998800|Hasna Hanfere]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998801|Hassan Muhamed Moali]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998804|Hassen Abdi Wali]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998807|Hayat Yusuf Mohammed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998809|Hayelo Gunefa Edosa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998811|Helina Akelew Tadesse]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998814|Hirut Kassaw Wondim]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998817|Hirut W/Mariam Teketel]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998819|Hiwot Mossisa Deresse]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998820|Ibrahim Umar Aliyi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998822|Ibsa Yusuf Hassan]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998824|Ifrah Towfik Aden]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998825|Ikram Maid Adan]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998830|Illubabor Buno Tesso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998834|Ishetu Gelan]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998837|Iyasu Salah Ganjura]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998840|Jamal Ali Mumi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998842|Jemal Abaso Ebu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998843|Jemal Abegaz Adem]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998846|Jemanesh W/Michael Wege]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998849|Jember Ayalneh Biru]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998851|Jhon Amhed Abamilki]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998854|Jihad Nasser Abdu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998857|Juhar Mohammed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998860|Kaba Mebratu Dagne]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998864|Kairedin Tezera Adera]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998867|Kalid Aba Mecha Haji]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998874|Kamil Aliy Kasim]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998875|Kamil Shemsu Siraj]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998877|Kasahun Jobir Gudeta]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998880|Kebede Genet Feyisa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998884|Kedir Adam Arero]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998887|Kedir Edris Ahmed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998889|Kedir Gena Abdulkadir]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998892|Kedja Yassin Mohammed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998895|Kefena Ifa Delesa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998898|Kemal Hashi Mohamoud]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998901|Kibnesh Shiferaw Robe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998903|Kidist Araya Tasew]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998906|Kidist G/Hana Mirgoye]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998909|Kimia Jundi Hamdo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998912|Kindiya Aycheluhm Atalay]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998915|Kocheto G/Yesus Deneto]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998919|Kumaale Gadisa Obse]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998922|Latifa A/Temam A/Gisa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998924|Lema Abera Hirpo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998928|Lema Tessema Yimere]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998931|Lencho Ayala Bati]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998933|Leta Tesfaye Jule]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998936|Letifa A/Sambi A/Gojam]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998942|Lidia Chali Argeta]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998946|Lobele Yhirano Baskwa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998952|Lubaba Ibrahim Hassen]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998953|Lubaba Seyidi Legasi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998956|Maeza Asmare Abtew]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998959|Magartu Mohammed Aman]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998961|Mahatme Haile Workeneh]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998964|Mamo Esmealem Mihretu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998967|Marta Liwji]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998970|Martha Lema Tulu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998973|Mastewal Mekonen Siyeneh]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998977|Matema Mīka Galito]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998980|Meaza Assefa Ergete]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998982|Meaza Tigabe Alemu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998985|Mebrat Bacha Wakjira]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998987|Mekdes Desta Jagare]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998988|Melaku Fenta Chay]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998990|Melese Mana Gemeso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998992|Melkias Ayele]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998994|Merdia Aman Guye]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998996|Meselech Kewiso Kaye]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998998|Meseret Assefa Godana]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999000|Meseret Haile Masresha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999002|Meseret Madole Ebo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999003|Meseret Mamo Gamuro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999005|Meseret Mola Kassahun]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999008|Meseret Shiferaw Yadete]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999009|Meseret Zelalem Tadesse]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999012|Mesfin Dagna Tafesse]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999016|Mesfin Erkabe Mirach]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999019|Meskerem Hailu Alula]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999022|Miraj Zekiyi Jemal]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999025|Miretu Shanko Gidi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999028|Misganu Arga Mo'Och]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999029|Mitiknesh Cheleke Atsero]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999032|Moga Ababulgu Abakebe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999035|Moges Balcha Gebremedhin]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999037|Mohamed Musse]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999040|Mohammed Ahmed Aliye]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999044|Mohammed Ahmed Musa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999048|Mohammed Hassan Abu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999052|Mohammed Mohammedkemal Ali Al-Arusi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999053|Mohammed Shikur Mussa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999056|Mohamud Yusuf Mealin]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999058|Mohmmednur Ahmed Musa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999061|Molla Feleke Desta]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999063|Mubarek Elias Mustefa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999065|Mulat Telayneh Asrate]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999068|Mulu Yirga Sahele]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999071|Muluken Admasu Emru]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999074|Muluken Assefa Jenebere]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999077|Mulunesh Lamore Ushe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999080|Muna Ali Yassin]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999082|Munira Hussen Hassen]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999084|Muslim Rashid A / Gidi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999086|Najaha Ahmed Abdullahi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999089|Nebiyat Tilahun Chaemiso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999092|Nefisa Almahadi Alakib]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999095|Negash Bulala Abawalta]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999098|Negasse Bayissa Dubiwak]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999101|Negeri Lencho Bultum]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999104|Neima Usman Adem]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999108|Nejat Girma Waqjira]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999111|Nejet Andorso Adem]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999112|Nemera Gebeyehu Mamo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999115|Nesredin Abduelmusin]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999118|Nezif Zinab A/Lulessa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999120|Nikuse Mituku Gelaw]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999123|Nurzeman Jibril Negewo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999125|Qasim Kimo Kebelo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999128|Rahel Negero Gutu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999131|Rahmet Awel Mohammed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999134|Rosa Omar Ahmed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999138|Ruqiya Ali Kewo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999140|Ruqiya Argo Wariyo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999142|Sadik Adem Umer]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999152|Sadiya Aman Gerado]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999158|Sadiya Temam Shifa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999165|Sadiya Usman Sheka]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999170|Sahlu Diribsa Mosisa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999173|Samira Yusuf Ibro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999176|Samuel Urkato Kurke]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999179|Seharla Abdulahi Bahdon]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999182|Seid Nuru Ali]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999184|Selamwit Dawit Kamase]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999188|Seleshi Bekele Awlachew]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999191|Senait Asradew Kokebe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999194|Sewasewi Tizazu Abate]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999198|Seyid Mohammed Hussein]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999203|Shifera Telila Senbetu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999206|Shumi Ayano Guto]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999209|Shurube Gemedi Nuna]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999212|Simneshi Sahlu Teum]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999216|Sintayehu Tilahun Abebe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999221|Sintayehu Woldemichael Yohannes]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999223|Siti Redwan Biza]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999227|Solomon Kuchu Robi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999231|Solomon Soka Ginyarita]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999236|Solomone Lale Kalo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999239|Sosna Getahun Azene]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999244|Sultan Ibrahim Abagisa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999248|Sumiya Desalew Mola]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999252|Suwerk Tafese Goshu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999256|Tadele Buraka Bushasha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999259|Tadesse Beza Gebretsadik]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999262|Tadesse Getu Alemu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999266|Tafesse Muleta Tesso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999269|Tagese Chafo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999272|Talef Fitihawek Endeshaw]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999275|Tana Gobena Fufa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999278|Tarke Daba Bobo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999282|Tawfik Abdullahi Ahmed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999286|Tegene Regassa Luba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999290|Temesgen Ambachew Biresaw]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999295|Tesfahun Bogale Jember]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999299|Tesfahun Simegn Kebede]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999304|Tesfahun Sisay Mengistu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999308|Tesfanesh Tefera Asres]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999312|Tesfanesh W/Mariam Angi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999315|Tesfatsion Shuka Gadana]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999319|Tesfaye Bangu Kacho]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999324|Tesfaye Beljige Dara]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999327|Teshome Abdo Segni]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999331|Teshome Wale Gesesse]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999334|Tewachew Abebe Yimer]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999339|Tewbo Mihereit Molla]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | [[Girma Wolde-Giorgis]] | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | [[Fáìlì:Girma-Wolde-Giorgis official portrait.png|center|128px]] |- | [[Meles Zenawi]] | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | [[Fáìlì:Meles Zenawi - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q356741|Negasso Gidada]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | 2005 | 2019 | [[Fáìlì:Negasso Gidada.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2275961|Seyoum Mesfin]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3100062|Gedu Andargachew]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | [[Fáìlì:Gedu Andargachew - 2019 (48802681123) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3572445|Yohannes Tiro Ejigayehu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4832330|Azeb Mesfin]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | [[Fáìlì:Azeb Mesfin in 2009 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4899848|Beyene Petros]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4996096|Bulcha Demeksa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5658111|Harka Haroyu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q8046468|Yacob Haile-Mariam]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16149223|Ashebir Woldegiorgis]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16187059|Sinknesh Ejigu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | [[Fáìlì:Sinkinesh Ejigu.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16205894|Lidetu Ayalew]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16728486|Demeke Mekonnen]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | [[Fáìlì:Demeke Mekonnen Hassen - 2020 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q18921783|Getachew Jigi Demeksa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | [[Fáìlì:Dr.Getachew Jigi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50365049|Abiy Ahmed]]'' | olóṣèlú, Ethiópíà | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | [[Fáìlì:Abiy Ahmed 2019.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q55238035|Muferihat Kamil Ahmed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | [[Fáìlì:Muferiat Kamil.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57898816|Lia Tadesse]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | [[Fáìlì:EU2024BE 240206 Lia Tadesse.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q62123939|Dagmawit Moges]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q104794313|Fitsum Assefa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | [[Fáìlì:Minister of Planning and Development Fitsum Assefa Adela crop.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q127038755|Shewit Shanka]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131744049|Lomi Bedo Kumbi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131997903|Ababaw Ayalew Gal]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998309|Abate Arega Atalay]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998311|Abdikarim Akib Aden]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998313|Abdu Hassan Mohamed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998314|Abdulahi Mohammed Muse]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998316|Abdulfatah Abdul Rahman Mohammed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998318|Abduljewad Mohammed Ahmed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998321|Abdulkadir Gelgelo Boru]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998323|Abdurashed Abdilahi Ahmed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998325|Abdusemed Hussen Abo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998327|Abduwas Abdulahi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998328|Abeba Sadik Buser]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998331|Abebaw Desalew Bayabl]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998333|Abere Adamu Teferi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998336|Abiyot Delegn Yirkayo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998339|Abosh Mustafa Musa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998341|Abraham Alemayehu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998343|Abraham Amish Assema]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998346|Abreham Berta Aneseyee]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998348|Abune Alem Temesgen]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998349|Adamu Kenea Daba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998352|Adane Alto Mengesha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998353|Adane Mande Damtew]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998355|Adane Teshome Getahun]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998357|Adanech Nashura Samago]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998359|Addis Alemayehu Qumbi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998362|Addisu Kamiso Garanba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998364|Addisuwa Assefa Demise]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998366|Adugna Ahmed Uso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998368|Adugna Debela Bote]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998371|Agu Deban Gesso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998373|Agumase Anteneh Wube]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998376|Ahmed Hassen Mohammed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998378|Aknaw Kawza Malefiya]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998380|Alemitu Abebe Atisa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998382|Alemitu Assefa Tunduro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998383|Alemitu Umed Ujulu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998385|Alemnesh Berhanu Obsa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998387|Alemnesh G Mariam Imo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998389|Alemu Damtew Ashenafi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998391|Alemu Getahun Sisay]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998393|Alemu Gonfa Robi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998395|Alemu Jemberu Ayalew]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998398|Alemu Sime]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998400|Alie Belachew Bala]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998402|Almaw Mengist Ambaye]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998403|Almaw Tigabu Melesse]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998405|Almaz Asale Ergado]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998407|Almaz Temesgen Sisay]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998408|Almaz Wedajo Adimo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998410|Amarech Bekalo Sapa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998412|Amina Abdurahman Adem]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998415|Amira Mohammed Ahmed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998418|Amsal Amare Abate]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998420|Amsal Mengistu Alemu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998422|Anesa Melko Hebero]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998423|Arare Mosisa Etisa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998426|Aregash Kefle Karbo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998427|Aregash Tekile Tantu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998429|Aschale Alamere Melesse]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998431|Aselefech Kuche Goa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998433|Asemahagn Aseres]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998435|Asha Yahya Salehi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998438|Asheber W. Giorgis Gayo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998440|Ashinie Astin Titoyik]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998441|Ashu Gololcha Oda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998443|Aster Beshir Figa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998445|Aster Keftaw Dachu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998446|Atsede Mamo Tamale]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998448|Awoke Amzaye Assoma]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998451|Ayan Ali Mussa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998453|Ayantu Gutata Fite]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998456|Ayele Negeri Gibo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998458|Ayele Teshome Gonche]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998460|Ayisha Shehshifa Abdurahaman]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998462|Aynalem Niguse Ali]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131998465|Aysha Mohammed Musa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999343|Thomas Tut Pok]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999348|Tia Mio Arsawa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999352|Tidenek Guldu Tsedeke]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999355|Tigist Wuhib Tsega]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999359|Tilahun Tamirat Mulu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999363|Tiruaynet Temesgen Ayalew]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999366|Tola Hailu Hunde]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999370|Tseganesh Gamato Gamo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999376|Tsehay Bekele Tafesse]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999380|Tsehaynesh Gebre W / Michael]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999384|Tsige Denboba Ayano]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999387|Ume Abdela Umer]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999391|Usame Mohamed Muhumad]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999394|Usheto Hobicho Dabelo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999398|Usman Surur Siraj]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999401|Werkinesh Jemal Asfaw]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999404|Werknesh Biru Bedasa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999408|Werksemu Mamo Mekonnen]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999412|Woldeyes Debebe Delki]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999417|Wondwosen Admase Tadesse]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999421|Worknesh Mohammed Hebiso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999425|Wubete Tadege Nibret]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999429|Wudalat Minwuye Bayih]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999432|Yasmin Wehabrebi Seid]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999436|Yemengist Tsegaw Walelign]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999439|Yeshi Muka Wakaye]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999443|Yeshihasab Tsegaw Welelaw]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999446|Yeshimebet Demise Sewagegnehu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999449|Yeshimebrat Mersha Kasa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999452|Yezibalem Kasse Yismaw]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999455|Yezina Mulati Zeleke]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999458|Yiftu Gudisa Oshko]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999461|Yineger Dessie Belay]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999463|Yohannis Mesfin Gebeyehu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999465|Zamzam Ahmed Jama]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999466|Zara Biftu Nabi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999469|Zara Mohammed Adana]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999474|Zegeye Muluye Asres]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999477|Zeineba Nura Bati]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999481|Zekarias Erekola Yimamo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999485|Zelalem Melak Bogale]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999490|Zelalem Tadesse Ayalew]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999494|Zemene Hailu Mekonnen]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999496|Zemu Tesfaye Bendi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999500|Zeritu Shiferaw Beyene]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999504|Zewdenesh Tulu Gashe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999507|Zewdu Tadesse Wondimkun]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999511|Zeyini Abose]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999515|Zinash Tsegaye Kalo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999520|Zinaye Negash Zemedu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999524|Zadig Abreha Sharew]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999528|Wondimu Tekle Sigo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999531|Eyasu Elias Fantahun]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999535|Asiya Qabdulkadir Barakat]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999540|Binalf Andualem Ashenafi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999547|Bifto Mohammed Ibro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999551|Ababuu Damissee Kaamsuur]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999555|Jamiilaa Simbiruu Tusaa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999560|Shurrubbee Gammadii Nunaa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999564|Miiliyoon Baqqalaa Damissee]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999569|Obbo Guutaa Laachoree Caakkee]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999573|Galaasaa Dilboo Goljaa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999575|Kuulanii Mahammad Abdullaa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999579|Itoophiyaa Shaambal Damboobaa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999583|Wogee Kufaa Buutee]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999586|Adaalee Odaa Tooduwaa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999590|Umer Huseen Obaa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999594|Warquu Gaachanaa Nagarraa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999597|Shisema Gebresilassie Weranga]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999599|Eshetu Kebede Gichoro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999605|Gebeynesh Gizaw Yebo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999608|Eyasu Kasa Ganjula]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999611|Alesa Mengesha Boko]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999614|Terefe Tadesse Godi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999617|Redwan Hussien Rameto]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999620|Tigist Tadele Atenafu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999624|Teshome Toga Cheneka]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999627|Genene Gedebu Feleha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999630|Million Mathewos Korsisa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999633|Geremew Garj Gidabo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999636|Tiratu Beyene Biltu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999639|Desalegn Misa Wallasa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999642|Selamu Bulado Bukana]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999644|Bekele Fole Sare]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999647|Tekleweled Atnafu Ambula]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999650|Goyeti Wancho Ayke]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999653|Wendemu Girma Tamrasha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999657|Ahmed Shide Mohamed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999659|Halimo Mahamed Abdi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131999661|Guled Ahmed Ali]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} jjpnynreckjh36zho2fiyqfptlvoim7 2 66724 624811 623830 2026-07-01T20:53:27Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 624811 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a member of the National Assembly of Malawi who was a member twice does not show twice. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21295990 } |section= |sort=P39/Q21295990/P580 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21295990/P580:Start date,P39/Q21295990/P582:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | ''[[:d:Q45780313|Divelias Zaipa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780336|Allan Chiyembekeza]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780352|Clement Chiwaya]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780367|Elias Chakwera]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780387|Emmanuel Fabiano]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | [[Fáìlì:Ministerial Roundtable LDCs and Business Executive (30597140897).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q45780403|Francis Mkungula]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780444|Joseph Malunga]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780487|Patrick Makina]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780507|Peter Kumpalume]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780531|Uladi Mussa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780554|Edmans Kaduya]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780575|Elias Kamanga]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780599|Emily Phiri]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20<br/>2025 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780622|Emmanuel Lozo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780638|Enock Luka]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780661|Enoss Chitatanga]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780678|Ernest Yahaya]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780692|Esther Jolobala]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780707|Esther Mcheka-Chilenje]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20<br/>2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780722|Everson Makowa-Mwale]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780744|Everton Chimulirenji]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | [[Fáìlì:Everton Chimulirenji.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q45780763|Ezekiel Ching'oma]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780788|Felix Jumbe]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780812|Felton Mulli]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780836|Filipo Chinkhondo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780880|Francis Phiri]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780901|Francis Billiati]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780924|Frank Mapondo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780944|Frank Mphande]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780971|Frank Mwenifumbo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780997|Gabu Khamisa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781016|Geoffrey Chiwondo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781040|George Kamwanja]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781060|Godfrey Mnkhondya]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781080|Godwin Kanjere]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781099|Grant Ndecha]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781124|Grezelder Jeffrey]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20<br/>2025 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781150|Harry Mkandawire]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781169|Harry Chipeni]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781189|Henry Shaba]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781210|Horace Chipuwa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781228|Idi Kalosi]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781249|Ilyas Karim]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781265|Jacob Hara]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781283|Jacqueline Kouwenhoven]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781300|James Kamwambi]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781321|James Munthali]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781339|Jappie Mhango]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781358|Jephter Mwale]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781379|John Chikalimba]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781398|Joseph Mwanamvekha]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781413|Joseph Njobvuyalema]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781438|Juliana Lunguzi]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | 2019 | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781461|Justin Majawa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781481|Kamlepo Kalua]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781496|Kassim Liguluwe]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781515|Kayo Zimchetera]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781532|Kennedy Maluwa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781556|Kennedy Kachingwe]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781572|Khumbize Chiponda]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | [[Fáìlì:Khumbize Chiponda, Malawi Minister of Health, speaks at the opening of the World Cancer Day 2024 at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria on 1 February 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q45781588|Langton Kamwendo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781611|Leonard Njikho]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781626|Lingson Belekanyama]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | 2021-01-12 | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781650|Lloyd Malola]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781675|Lyana Tambala]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20<br/>1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781700|Mac Salijeni]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781716|Madalitso Kazombo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | [[Fáìlì:Madalitso Kazombo at the SMP 2020 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q45781733|Mahomed Osman]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781753|Malani Mtonga]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781774|Maquenda Chunga]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781791|Mark Botomani]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781810|Marko Ching'onga]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781830|Martha Lunji]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20<br/>2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781850|Mary Mpanga]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781872|Mary Maulidi Khembo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | [[Màríà Navicha]] | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | [[Fáìlì:Mary Navicha visiting Edinburgh City Chambers hosted by Scotland Malawi Partnership 2 March 2026.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q45781912|Maxwell Thyolera]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781929|Mussa Kapichira]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781951|Mwai Kamuyambeni]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781963|Naomi Kilekwa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45781980|Noah Chimpeni]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782004|Noel Masangwi]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782025|Olipa Chimangeni]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782054|Olipa Chiluba]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782075|Patricia Kainga]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782101|Patricia Mkanda]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782141|Patrick Themu]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782154|Patrick Chilondola]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782169|Paul Chibingu]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782180|Pemba Msusa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782198|Peter Chakhwantha]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782216|Peter Dimba]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782235|Peter Bvalani]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782245|Peter Mazizi]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782265|Peter Chalera]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782278|Rabson Shaba]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782298|Rachael Zulu]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20<br/>2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782317|Raphael Mhone]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782334|Christopher Ngwira]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782354|Malison Ndau]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | [[Joyce Banda]] | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009<br/>2004 | | [[Fáìlì:Joyce Banda Department for International Development photo crop.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4477067|Khumbo Kachali]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | [[Fáìlì:Khumbo-kachali1.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4662402|Aaron Sangala]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4693103|Agnes Penemulungu]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4714730|Aleke Banda]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Aleke Banda (crop1).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4762593|Angela Zachepa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4765557|Anita Kalinde]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4767130|Anna Kachikho]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20<br/>2009<br/>2004 | | [[Fáìlì:Mrs. Anna Kachikho (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4823200|Austin Muluzi]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | [[Fáìlì:Atupele Muluzi 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4875246|Bazuka Mhango]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4912820|Billy Kaunda]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5022768|Callista Chimombo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2004 | | [[Fáìlì:Callista Chimombo (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5052586|Catherine Chipembere]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 1994 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5052701|Catherine Gotani Hara]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009<br/>2025 | | [[Fáìlì:Catherine Gotani Hara at the U.S. Embassy (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5099300|Chimango Mughogho]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5099455|Chimunthu Banda]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | | | [[Fáìlì:H.F. Chimunthu Banda (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5232353|David Chiwanga]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5241922|Davis Katsonga]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | [[Fáìlì:Davis Katsonga 2006 (profile).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5277990|Dindi Gowa Nyasulu]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5296903|Donton Samuel Mkandawire]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5379277|Enoch Chihana]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5382250|Ephraim Chiume]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | [[Fáìlì:Ephraim Mganda Chiume - 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5409759|Eunice Kazembe]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | [[Fáìlì:Eunice Kazembe in New Delhi on March 15, 2010 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5534573|Geoffrey Du Mhango]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5537823|George Chaponda]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | [[Fáìlì:George Chaponda 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5672821|Harry Thomson]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | 2019-06-06 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5720163|Henry Dama Phoya]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5984656|Ibrahim Matola]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6170933|Jean Kalilani]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20<br/>2009 | | [[Fáìlì:Jean Kalilani 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6187716|Jessie Kabwila-Kapasula]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | [[Fáìlì:Jessie Kabwila in 2017 (sq cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6211102|Joe Manduwa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6390741|Kenneth Thindwa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6429058|Kondwani Nakhumwa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6547705|Lilian Patel]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20<br/>1994<br/>2004<br/>1999 | | [[Fáìlì:Foreign Minister Lilian Estella Patel (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6692314|Loveness Gondwe]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2004<br/>1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6697476|Lucius Banda]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6754140|Mapopa Chipeta]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 1994 | 1999 | [[Fáìlì:Mapopa O.J. Chipeta (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6759847|Margaret Roka Mauwa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6963035|Nancy Tembo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2019<br/>2004 | | [[Fáìlì:Nancy Tembo UNFCCC Glasgow Climate Dialogues.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6967325|Nasrin Pillane]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6967631|Nasser Kara]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7109043|Otria Moyo Jere]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7145664|Patricia Kaliati]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20<br/>2009<br/>2004<br/>1999 | | [[Fáìlì:Patricia Kaliati (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7145836|Patricia Shanil Muluzi]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | 2024-06-10 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7287727|Ralph Jooma]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7306925|Reen Kachere]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | [[Fáìlì:Reen Kachere (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7412241|Samuel Mpasu]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16116111|Theresa Gloria Mwale]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | [[Fáìlì:Theresa Mwale 2011 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16216577|Sosten Gwengwe]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2017-10-17 | | [[Fáìlì:Sosten Gwengwe 2013 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16731106|Moses Kunkuyu]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Moses Kunkuyu 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16733055|Henry Mussa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | [[Fáìlì:Henry Mussa (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q17037425|Friday Jumbe]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Hon- Friday Anderson Jumbe 2014-06-21 14-39.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q17285561|Gertrude Maseko]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | [[Fáìlì:Gertrude Maseko.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q18390332|Richard Msowoya]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20731772|Colin Cameron]]'' | | [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]]<br/>[[Màláwì]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Colin Cameron lawyer and Malawian minister.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29982289|Grace Chiumia]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q40039690|Francis Kasaila]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | [[Fáìlì:Francis Kasaila 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q45779063|Aboo Naliwa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779418|Abubakar M'baya]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779442|Adbul Gaffar]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779467|Aggrey Masi]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779486|Agness Nyalonje]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | [[Fáìlì:Hon Agnes Nyalonje Minister for Education via Zoom (sq cropped).png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q45779512|Aisha Adams]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | [[Fáìlì:Aisha Mambo-Adams (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q45779534|Akajuwe Banda]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779554|Alekeni Menyani]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779582|Alex Chitete]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779603|Alex Major]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779624|Alexander Dzonzi]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779646|Alice Ngoma]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779667|Allan Ngumuya]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779688|Amon Nkhata]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779701|Amos Mailosi]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779717|Angie Kaliati]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779733|Assan Lipande]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779759|Baudeni Mtonga]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779780|Beatrice Mwale]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20<br/>2025 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779804|Benedicto Chambo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779828|Bon Kalindo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779853|Bonex Malunga]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779875|Boniface Kadzamira]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779894|Canaan Kaphamtengo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779916|Cecilia Chazama]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20<br/>2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779939|Charles Tikhiwa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779958|Charles Mchacha]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45779982|Chizamsoka Mulwafu]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780004|Chrissy Tembo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780029|Christopher Mnyenyembe]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780053|Clarke Lowe]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780072|Clement Mukumbwa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780095|Clement Mlombwa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780116|Collings Kajawa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780134|Commodius Nyirenda]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780157|Damson Chimalira]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780179|Daniel Chiwere]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780202|Daudi Chida]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780220|David Bisnowaty]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780239|David Lally]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780254|Davies Kadzinja]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780268|Dennis Namachekecha]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45780291|Deus Banda]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136439603|Martha Munthali]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2025 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136446086|Dorothy Chikonje]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2025 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136483776|Tiaone Hendry]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2025-09-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136513486|Mwalone Jangiya]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | 2014 | |- | ''[[:d:Q136539393|Stella Warren]]'' | | | 2025 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136661938|Annie Namani Chibwana]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2025 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136812809|Milliam Jekapu]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2025 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137261326|Khadija Chunga]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2025 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137829126|Aida Mchenga]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2025 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q137829391|Phoebe Chiku Chikaonda]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2025 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782371|Wilson Ndomondo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782388|Rhino Chiphiko]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782405|Richard Chimwendo-Banda]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | [[Fáìlì:Richard Chimwendo Banda (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q45782421|Rodger Sithole]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782440|Rodrick Khumbanyiwa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782465|Sam Kawale]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782484|Shaibu Kaliati]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782504|Susan Ndalama]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782531|Themba Mkandawire]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782546|Thomson Kamangira]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782568|Timothy Solomoni]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782584|Trasizio Gowelo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782608|Vasco Chimbalu]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782628|Victor Musowa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782649|Victor Mbewe]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782674|Vincent Ghambi]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782694|Vitus Mwale]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782719|Wallace Chawawa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782743|Watson Ngozo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782760|Werani Chilenga]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782778|Willard Gwengwe]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782793|Willet Karonga]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782819|William Kalima]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782837|Yaumi Mpaweni]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45782850|Zaheer Issa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45787935|Sam S. Ganda]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | 2017-05-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q45787953|Bentry Namasasu]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | 2017-03-06 | |- | ''[[:d:Q45787968|Highton L. Jiya]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2014-05-20 | 2017-01-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q45789819|Lawrence Sitolo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2017-10-17 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q45789837|Ulemu Msungama]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2017-10-17 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60198059|Michael Hill Blackwood]]'' | | [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan]] | 1966 | 1973 | |- | ''[[:d:Q104794304|Edda Ella Chitalo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 1994 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106423215|Jacquiline Chikuta]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2019 | 2021-01-27 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109729497|Nancy Chaola Mdooko]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2019 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109729519|Jean Muonaowauza Sendeza]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009<br/>2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q110732685|Monica Chang’anamuno]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2019 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123694802|Annie Lemani]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131561998|Roseby Gadama]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2019 | | [[Fáìlì:Hon. Roseby Gadama MP on Malawi Parliamentary Women’s Caucus (sq cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q131605225|Abigail Shariff]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2019 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131725522|Lonnie Phiri]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131785023|Ireen Mambala]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2019 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q132124939|Esther Kathumba]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2019 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133294441|Ebbie Mathanda]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2004<br/>1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133521589|Wezzie Gondwe]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2019 | 2021-09-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133972260|Janet Longwe]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 1968 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133972447|Kate Kainja]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 1994<br/>2004<br/>1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134004357|Christina Chiwoko]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134005678|M. M. Banda]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 1994 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134005722|Lillian Kapanda Phiri]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 1994 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134005779|L. M. Changwamnjira]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 1994 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134008495|Margaret Perpetual Maimba]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 1994 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134008585|Alice Sumani]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 1994<br/>1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134008607|Lizzie Lossa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 1994 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134037250|Grenner Nkhata]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134038049|Mandebvu Agness Chatipwa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134038686|Deriah Kankhwani]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134039924|Ellen Thokozani Solomon Chisale]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134040754|Maureen Katani Bondo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134041133|Agnes Namndau Penumulungu]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134041510|Hyacinta Palingana Chikaonda]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134042481|Olivia Anita Thundu]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134051543|Jenipher Deborah Chilunga]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134052645|Grace Zinenani Maseko]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134052737|Joyce Azizi Banda]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134052907|Philomena Mononga Kasambwe]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134053064|Juliana Nanyoni Mphande]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134053113|Eunice Napolo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134053130|Bernadetta Mlaka Maliro]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134053140|Gladys Benson Tembo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134053156|Gloria Ireen Ntopi]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134053162|Vera Chilewani Faramenga]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2009 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134053214|Elizabeth Aipiran]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134053228|Ettinor Pamela Koloviko]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134053233|Angela Kachepa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134053276|Bertha Masiku]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134053295|Juliana Josephine Guga]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134053301|Trifonia Dafter]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2004<br/>1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134053307|Inna Mezalumo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134053319|Olive Masanza]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134053398|Elvey Kalonga-Mtafu]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134053446|Gertrude Andilimbira Kamange Phiri]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134068546|Alice Ntodwa Mwale]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134069664|Marjorie Ngaunje]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134070095|Joyce Chiyendausiku Ng'oma]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134136431|Papano Patricia Mwafulirwa]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134136950|Gertrude Nya Mkandawire]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2004 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134297272|Honesta Msola]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134297371|Elizabeth Talumba Kumakanga Lamba]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134300865|Mary Kaphwereza Banda]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134301185|Martha Nasho]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134301821|Anne Mary Fletcher]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134301856|Gillian Loveness Mulombe]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134302018|Elvey Maureen Mtafu]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134302067|Lizzy Alpha Mpinganjira]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 1999 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136341089|Margaret Ali]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136432145|Florence Shapiro Khimbi]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2025 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136434490|Faless Debrah Moyo]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2025 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136434673|Catherine Mzumara]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2025 | | [[Fáìlì:Catherine Mzumara in the video 'African women transforming food systems'.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q136438286|Madalitso Chidumu Baloyi]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2025 | | [[Fáìlì:Madalitso Baloyi in 2024 at Ndodani village (sq cropped).png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q136439458|Mines Ng'oma]]'' | | [[Màláwì]] | 2025 | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} ripb240jpp9qeduqd2bukllmulqov6s 2 66743 624537 623825 2026-07-01T12:12:48Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 624537 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a member of the National Assembly of Niger who was a member twice does not show twice. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21295995 } |section= |sort=P39/Q21295995/P580 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21295995/P580:Start date,P39/Q21295995/P582:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | [[Mahamadou Issoufou]] | olóṣèlú, Nìjẹ̀r | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 1993 | 2009 | [[Fáìlì:Mahamadou Issoufou-IMG 3645.jpg|center|128px]] |- | [[Brigi Rafini]] | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2004-12 | 2009-05 | [[Fáìlì:Brigi Rafini - June 2012 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | [[Mamadou Tandja]] | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Tandja in Nigeria June 2007.jpg|center|128px]] |- | [[Mahamane Ousmane]] | olóṣèlú, Nìjẹ̀r | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Mahamane Ousmane.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q331201|Hamid Algabid]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q356237|Amadou Cheiffou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q420397|Akoli Daouel]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 1970 | 1974 | [[Fáìlì:Ejh. Akoli Daouel, en 1983.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q452276|Amadou Gaoh]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q452297|Amadou Hassane]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q544141|Hama Amadou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Hama Amadou.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q703987|Seyni Oumarou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | [[Fáìlì:Seyni Oumarou (cropped).png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q895031|Boukary Sabo]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 1959 | 1969 | |- | ''[[:d:Q1567506|Hadiza Moussa Gros]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1735274|Kassoum Mamane Moctar]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2755794|Moumouni Adamou Djermakoye]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 1993 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2830749|Albadé Abouba]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2912103|Boubou Hama]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3318398|Mohamed Bazoum]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 1993 | 2021 | [[Fáìlì:Mohamed Bazoum at the European Commission - P060245-844068 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4665136|Abdou Daouda]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4665143|Abdou Labo]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4665174|Abdoulaye Hamani Diori]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4739087|Amadou Ali Djibo]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5221545|Daouda Marthé]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5431991|Falké Bacharou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5474228|Foumakoye Gado]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Foumakoye Gado.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5612787|Grémah Boucar]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5636746|Habi Mahamadou Salissou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5680106|Hassoumi Massoudou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 1999<br/>2021-03-05 | 2004 | [[Fáìlì:Hassoumi Massoudou.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6087974|Issa Lamine]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6353461|Kalla Ankourao]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 1993<br/>2004-12<br/>2021-03-05 | 1995<br/>2023 | [[Fáìlì:Kalla Ankourao 2019.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6370490|Karidjo Mahamadou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | [[Fáìlì:Mahamadou Karidio 2015.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6890945|Mohamed Abdoulahi]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | [[Fáìlì:Mohamed Abdoulahi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6919199|Aïssata Mounkaïla]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6926188|Moussa Moumouni Djermakoye]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7110324|Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | [[Fáìlì:Book of Condolence (52366561634) (cropped) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7110501|Oumarou Sidikou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7418898|Sanoussi Jackou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15431173|Dandi Abarchi]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 1993 | 1995 | |- | ''[[:d:Q15432114|Boubacar Cissé]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15437568|Moutari Moussa]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15819843|Ibrahim Yacouba]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | [[Fáìlì:Ibrahim Yacouba 2014.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16123823|Ousmane Issoufou Oubandawaki]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Ousmane Issoufou Oubandawaki 2020.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19259177|Amadou Salifou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Amadou Salifou 2015-07-30.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19956213|Issaka Issoufou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | [[Fáìlì:Issaka Issoufou-IMG 4351.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20027758|Noma Kaka]]'' | | [[Fránsì]]<br/>[[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q23060908|Attaher Abdoulmoumine]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q23062821|Mahamane Jean Padonou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q23062948|Laouan Magagi]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q26715424|Habib Moctar]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q26980205|Ali Sirfi]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2000 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q27825306|Ousseini Tinni]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Tinni Ousséini, President of the National Assembly of Niger, Niamey, 2016 02.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q40704839|manirou housseini]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q41074316|Habibou Allélé]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q41748339|Yahaya Tounkara]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q43380162|Hama Assah]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q46996069|Jeannette Schmidt Degener]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q57274601|Ibrahim Nomao]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q57834669|Adamou Namata]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q58806803|N’Gadé Nana Hadiza Noma Kaka]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q81112514|Kalla Moutari]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | [[Fáìlì:Flintlock 2018 Opening Ceremony (27523512838).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q89716691|Aïchatou Maïnassara]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2016 | 2020 | |- | ''[[:d:Q92159374|Mohamed Ben Omar]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q99521146|Souna Hadizatou Diallo]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 1989 | 1991 | |- | ''[[:d:Q99628785|Marie Lebihan]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 1989 | 1991 | |- | ''[[:d:Q99630863|Roukayatou Abdou Issaka]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 1989 | 1991 | |- | ''[[:d:Q99630890|Bibata Adamou Dakaou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 1989 | 1991 | |- | ''[[:d:Q99823830|Oumarou Alma]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | 2025-03-07 | [[Fáìlì:Oumarou Alma 2015.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q106510370|Mounkaïla Issa]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106637549|Ibrahim Idi Ango Ousmane]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q110004769|Sani Maïgochi]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | [[Fáìlì:Sani Maïgochi 2018.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q110399010|Rabi Maitournam Moustapha]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q110399463|Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q110537732|Abdou Rabiou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q110537922|Hadiza Douara Kafougou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q117306297|Abaché Chaibou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 1989-12 | 20th century | |- | ''[[:d:Q117306374|Abdoulkarim Abani]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 1989-12 | 1991 | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679516|Ibrahima Souleymane]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679520|Hadizatou Kafougou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679526|Amadou Djibo Ali]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679530|Mahamadou Karidio]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679537|Abdallah Mahamadou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-05-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679538|Abdou Adamou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679539|Abdou Boubacar]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679540|Abdou Hamza]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679541|Abdou Mani]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679543|Adam Efangal]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679544|Ahmed Elhadji Gondji]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679545|Ahmet Hameda]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679547|Aichatou Abba]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679548|Aichatou Barko Amadou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679550|Aissatou Abdoulaye Tondi]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679551|Algabi Elhadji Atta]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679552|Alhader Samro]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679553|Alio Namata]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679554|Alkabouss Jalaoui]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-05-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679555|Amadou Dioffo]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679556|Amadou Goulo Abdou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679557|Amadou Harouna]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679558|Amadou Idrissa]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679559|Amadou Mahaman Sani]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679560|Amadou Massalatchi]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679561|Amadou Oumarou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679562|Amina Abdou Souna]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679563|Amina Elhadji Ousmane Barmo]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679564|Amina Saminou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679565|Aminata Garanké]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679566|Aminatou Habibou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679567|Assane Dit Koubou Marou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679568|Assoumana Karoua]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679569|Assoumi Tahirou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679570|Bachir Sidi Abdoul Aziz]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679571|Badi Ibrahim]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679572|Baraka Mamane]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679573|Barakatou Laouali]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679576|Bibata Seyni Djibo]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679577|Boubacar Oumarou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679578|Boucary Sani]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679579|Dardaou Zanaidou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679580|Djibo Madougou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679582|Doulla Moussa Afmad]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679583|Elhadji Boulou Mamadou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679585|Fatima Doubou Dogo]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-05-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679586|Fatouma Abdoulaye Sambo]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679587|Fatsima Ibrahim]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679588|Fougou Boukar]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679589|Hadidjiatou Haladou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679591|Hadizatou Gado]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679592|Hadizatou Yacouba Bozari]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679593|Halidou Hama]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679594|Hambali Ali]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679595|Hamissou Abdoua]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679597|Hamza Boka]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679598|Hamza Garba]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679599|Haoua Hassane]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679600|Hapsatou Djibrilla]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679601|Hassana Boubacar]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679602|Hassane Ali Abdourahamane]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679603|Hassane Saley]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679604|Hassia Hassan]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679606|Ibrahim Eka]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679607|Idi Ango Ousmane]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679609|Illia Labo]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679610|Illiassou Hamadou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679611|Ismaël Issoufou Salifou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679612|Issaka Assoumane]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679613|Kadi Zakari]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679614|Khalid Hamadi]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679615|Khalil Oumbarik]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679617|Laila Attoujani]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679618|Lantana Oumarou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679620|Laouali Ibrahim]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679621|Laouré Elhadji Sanoussi]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679623|Maazou Hamidou Dadé]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679624|Magagi Issaka]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679625|Mahamadou Amadou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679626|Mahaman Bachir Abdou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679627|Mahaman Issa Maifada]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679628|Mahaman Kabirou Ibrahim Maidaji]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679629|Mahaman Laoual Bako Galadima]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679630|Mahamane Sani Laouali]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-05-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679632|Mahmoud Sagdoun]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679633|Malam Moctar Garba]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679634|Maman Rabiou Maina]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679635|Mamane Bako]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679636|Mamane Harouna]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679637|Mamane Laouali Zabèye Moussa]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679638|Mamani Malan Goga]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679639|Maria Saidou Soulé]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679640|Mariama Adamou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679641|Mariama Elhadji Ibrahim]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679642|Mariama Iro]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679643|Mariama Mamadou Maïna]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679644|Massaoudou Galy]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679646|Moussa Ousmane]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679647|Moussa Salé]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679648|Moustapha Assan]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679650|Moutari Ousmane]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679652|Nana Aicha Laouali]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679653|Nana Djoubie Harouna]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679654|Nouhou Arba]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679655|Oumarou Dogari Moumouni]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679657|Oumarou Harouna]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679658|Oumarou Tanja Mamadou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679659|Oumarou Yahaya]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-05-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679660|Ousmane Mahamane]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679661|Ousseyna Madougou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679662|Rabi Hassane]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679663|Rabi Kiassa]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679664|Rachida Mani Ali]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679665|Rakiatou Ali Beidi]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679666|Ramatou Hima]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679667|Ramnatou Issa Mayaki]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679669|Saadé Oumarou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679670|Sahadatou Saley]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679671|Saïda Mohamed Cheloutan]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679672|Saidou Ama]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679673|Salé Djibrillou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679674|Salifou Moussa]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679675|Salissou Elh Alio]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679676|Samaila Maika]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679677|Samuila Sanoussi]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679679|Sani Sanoussi]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679680|Sanoussi Moussa Maraini]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679682|Souley Dioffo]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679683|Souley Oumarou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679684|Souleymane Arzika]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679685|Soumana Gaoh Yacoubou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679686|Soumana Hassane]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679687|Soumana Sanda]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679688|Tanimoune Oumarou]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679690|Tidère Ahamani]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679691|Yacine Ben Mohamed]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-05-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679692|Zakari Garba]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-03-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131679694|Zeinabou Maïga Adama]]'' | | [[Niger (country)|Nìjẹ̀r]] | 2021-05-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133162145|Abdallah Mahamadou Aboussah]]'' | | | 2021-03 | 2023-07 | |} {{Wikidata list end}} bw48ue0flx4ap59o1r1tdm2kf1yqi9y 2 66770 624866 621800 2026-07-02T00:46:59Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 624866 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Member of the Southern Sudan Legislative Assembly who was a member twice does not show twice. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q53570068 } |section= |sort=P39/Q53570068/P580 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q53570068/P580:Start date,P39/Q53570068/P582:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | ''[[:d:Q112525680|Kuony War Jok]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525681|Kuot Deng Kuot]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525793|Kur Akol Deng]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525795|Kutin Bayak Gil]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525797|Listisia Ihure Santino]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525799|Lucy Iyaya Loki]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525801|Machok Majong Jong]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525802|Madalena Pita Emilion]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525804|Majok Dut Muorwel]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525805|Majok Yak Majok]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525806|Maker Deng Malou]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525808|Mark Lotede Lowi]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525809|Mark Nyipouch Ubong]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525811|Martha Akuany Deng]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525813|Martha Atong Mansor]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525815|Martha Ayuek Yac]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525817|Martha Martin Dak]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525819|Martin Ohuro Okeruk]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525820|Mary Atong Bak]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525822|Mary Bicensio Wani]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525824|Mary Kiden Enoka]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525826|Mary Kiden Kimbo]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525827|Mary Nawai Martin]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525828|Mary Nyaulang Ret]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525829|Mary Puru Michael]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525831|Mary Rero Jwac]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525832|Mat Ron War Roy]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525833|Mathew Mathiang Deang]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525835|Mel Wal Achien Yor]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525837|Michael Muot Dieu]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525839|Mohammed Ahmed Musa]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525841|Monica Ayen Maguat]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525843|Negere Joseph Paciko]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525845|Ngong Deng Gum]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525847|Nibol Daniel Dhieu]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525848|Nyachut Arok]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525850|Nyalok Tiong Gatluak]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525851|Nyanyang Lok Rich]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525852|Nyibol Bol Matip]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525854|Ohidei Victor Omuho]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525855|Onyoti Adigo Nyikwac]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525856|Parmena Awerial Along]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525858|Pascal Bandindi Uru]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525860|Paul Logale Jumi]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525864|Paulino Laku Kedia]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525865|Peter Bashir Gbandi]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525867|Peter Longole Kuam]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525869|Ramadan El Amin]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525871|Rebecca Atuet Makuet]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525873|Rejoice Bauda Simon]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525874|Remijo Lasu Peter]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525875|Richard K. Mulla]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525877|Riek Maniel Ayuel]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525878|Ruai Kuol Jal]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525879|Samuel Aban Achin]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525881|Samuel Duwar Deng]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525883|Sebur John Mansuk]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525885|Simon Deng Duang]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525887|Simon Malual Deng]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525888|Stephen Ajongo Akol]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525890|Suzan Wasuk Sokiri]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525894|Timothy Taban Tuch]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525896|Timothy Tut Chuol]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525897|Tongun Lado Rombek]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525898|Tulio Odongi Ayahus]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525900|Umjuma Juma Sabil]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525901|Victoria Adhar Arop]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525902|Vosca Martin Kumbori]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525904|Weu Kong Koyang]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525906|Zakaria Matur Makuer]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Zakaria Matur Makuer.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q366385|Dominic Dim Deng]]'' | | [[Sudan]] | 2005 | 2008 | [[Fáìlì:Dominic Dim Deng.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q444994|Riek Machar]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Riek Machar VOA photo.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q509205|Jimmy Lemi Milla]]'' | | [[Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4693074|Agnes Kwaje Lasuba]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4772949|Anthony Lino Makana]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Anthony Lino Makana, December 2017 (5122) (cropped2).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4861322|Barnaba Marial Benjamin]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Barnaba Marial Benjamin.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4893553|Nhial Deng Nhial]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Nhial Deng Nhial (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4898942|Betty Ogwaro]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Betty Ogwaro (cropped).JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5232921|David Deng Athorbie]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6145116|James Wani Igga]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | [[Fáìlì:James Wani Igga (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6701644|Luka Tombekana Monoja]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6728866|Madut Biar Yel]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6832462|Michael Makue Loweth]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7152291|Paul Mayom Akech]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7782314|Theophilus Ochang]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7811843|Toby Maduot Parek]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11046276|James Kok Ruea]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q12748065|Awut Deng Acuil]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Awut Deng Acuil.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16145815|Daniel Awet Akot]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q22278470|Juma Ali Malou]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q23806325|Arkangelo Bari Wanji]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q104687952|Abuk Payiti Ayik]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112316504|Manasseh Magok Rundial]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112325756|Philip Thon Leek]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]]<br/>[[Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525534|Abuk Malual Aken]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525538|Achol Barouk Akasha]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525552|Adeng Leek Deng]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525554|Agyou Agyou Thiep]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525555|Akon Bol Akok]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525556|Akon Diang Athian]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525558|Akot Dau Niyok]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525559|Akuot Deng Kawal]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525561|Aleu Ayieny Aleu]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525563|Alfred Wol Acwal]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525565|Andrew Okong Ayom]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525566|Angelina Nyamouka Magoun]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525568|Angelo Lokinga Lohita]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525570|Angoryang Mark Loifidi]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525572|Arop Madut Arop]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525573|Asha Abboz Akuei]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525577|Aya Janet Alex]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525578|Bangout Amum Okiech]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525579|Barnardo Kpasira Martin]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525581|Bataria Mirror Maker]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525582|Beatrice Aber Samson]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525584|Bellario Ahoy Ngong]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525587|Benjamin Malek Alier]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525588|Bidali Moses Onesimo]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525590|Bul Andrea Cosmas]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525593|Charles Majak Alier]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525595|Charles Wello Onyony]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525597|Daniel Deng Monydit]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525599|David Gai Chan]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525601|David Nailo Mayo]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525602|David Okuer Akwany]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525603|David Unyo Demey]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525604|David Yien Bilieth]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525606|Debora Ajok Garang]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525608|Deng Dau Deng]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525609|Dengtiel A. Kur]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525611|Dousman Joyce James]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525613|Elias Mathuc]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525614|Elizabeth Adut Mel]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525616|Elizabeth Nyaluac Tap]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525618|Elizabeth Nyawac Chol]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525620|Emelia Aluel Bol]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525622|Fatima Nyawang Biliu]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525624|Festo Faustino Kumba]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525625|Francis Lokurnyang Angou]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525626|Gadwani Lopuke Cormoi]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525627|Garang Deng Akong]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525629|Gathuak Riak Jak]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525631|Gatwech Lam Puoch]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525632|George Costa Faustino]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525634|Gier Chuang Aluong]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525636|Gordon Matot Tut]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525638|Grace Amo Alex]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525640|Henry Dilah Odwar]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525641|Henry Omai Akolawin]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525643|Henry Stephen Danga]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525645|Ismail Mathew Mukhter]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525647|Jacob Dau Kuol]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525648|James Gatkur Wishierbal]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525649|James Janka Duku]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525650|James Kueth Chol]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525653|James Lual Deng]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525655|James Reat Gony]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525657|Jasmine Samuel Adakayi]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525659|John Chol Machar]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525660|John Ivo Mounto]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525662|John Jok Chol]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525664|Josephine Napwon Cosmos]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525665|Joy Kwaje Eluzai]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525667|Julius Ajeo Moilinga]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525671|Juma Amiro Dobo]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525672|June Malek Kur]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525673|Kom Kom Geng]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525674|Kong Dak Jishlive]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525676|Kornelio Mawien Dhor]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q112525678|Kuany Ayom Deng]]'' | | [[Gúúsù Sudan]] | | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} fjq5i2w1x1jk9yfe32pitre3405wrl1 2 66780 624714 621987 2026-07-01T18:33:11Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 624714 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Member of the National Assembly of Togo who was a member twice does not show twice. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21296004 } |section= |sort=P39/Q21296004/P580 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21296004/P580:Start date,P39/Q21296004/P582:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | [[Faure Gnassingbé]] | | [[Tógò]] | | | [[Fáìlì:President of Togo Faure Gnassingbé on November 13, 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q269076|Komlan Mally]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Komlan Mally (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | [[Bonfoh Abbass]] | olóṣèlú, Tógò | [[Tógò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q510104|Isabelle Ameganvi]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2007<br/>2013-07-25 | 2010-11<br/>2018-12 | |- | ''[[:d:Q747770|Yawovi Agboyibo]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q961159|Edem Kodjo]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Edem Kodjo-Festival international de géographie 2011.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1707420|Joseph Kokou Koffigoh]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Prime Minister Joseph Koukou Koffigoh.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1778373|Koffi Sama]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Koffi Sama premier 2004.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1794933|Kwassi Klutse]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Kwassi Klutse in Brussels.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2522820|Fambaré Ouattara Natchaba]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4683147|Adjaratou Abdoulaye]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2007<br/>2019-04-16 | 2013 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5208960|Dahuku Péré]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5211860|Dama Dramani]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Dama Dramani (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5386909|Eric Kpadé]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5516944|Gahoun Georges Hégbor]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 1994-02 | 1999 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6425680|Koffi Agbényéga Voule-Frititi]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6428317|Komi Klassou]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Komi Sélom Klassou 24 mars 2017 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6435718|Kpatcha Gnassingbé]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6689635|Loumonvi Fombo]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7257109|Ptomsoouwé Batchassi]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7558266|Solitoki Esso]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16149873|Issifou Okoulou-Kantchati]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | |- | [[Germaine Kouméalo Anaté]] | | [[Tógò]] | 2018-12 | | [[Fáìlì:Germaine Kouméalo Anaté 01.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20982146|Ata Messan Ajavon Zeus]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q21934135|Sambrini Targone]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q39503524|Abra Amedome]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q43402237|Adjoavi Trenou]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Françoise Foliot - Togo - 182.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q48970113|Cheffi Meatchi]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 1979 | 1994 | |- | ''[[:d:Q48970116|Kossiwa Monsila]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q48970118|Essohana Péré]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q48970120|Zinabou Touré]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56825018|Jonathan Savi de Tové]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 1946-12-08 | 1958-04-27 | [[Fáìlì:Amtseinführung Konsul von Togo (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q65128871|Tchatomby Ouro-Bawinay]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2019-01 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96640805|Joséphine Hundt]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q110251228|Zouréhatou Kassah-Traoré]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2018 | 2019-03-22 | |- | ''[[:d:Q113579024|Payadowa Boukpessi]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113946233|Ayawovi Demba Tignokpa]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114441751|Antoine Lekpa Gbegbeni]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2007-10 | 2013-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q115769403|Koffi Sodokin]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2018-12-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115769871|Molgah Abougnima]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2019-04-16 | | [[Fáìlì:Molgah Abougnima-Kadjaka 05.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q115770014|Kossi Koku Adjaklo]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2019-04-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115770889|Pacôme Yawovi Adjourouvi]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2019-01-25 | | [[Fáìlì:Pacôme Yawovi Adjourouvi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q115780859|Dziwonu Koffi Degboe]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2019-03-22 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115780925|Léonardina Rita Doris de Souza]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2019 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115797299|Mantöde De Poukn]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2018-12-21 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115797315|Yempabe Bonsa]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2018-12-21 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115942854|Gerry Taama]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2019-01-08 | | [[Fáìlì:Gerry Taama.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q118367804|Kovi Akoété Adanbounou]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2024-04-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119321407|Kodzotse Adzoyi]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2018-12-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119321922|Komlanvi Sedoufia Afangbedji]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2018-12-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119322196|Yawo Dotse Afetse]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2018-12-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119322628|Koffi Agbabli]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2018-12-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119323144|Kounou Nahou Agbandao]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2018-12-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119323746|Komi Agbanu]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2018-12-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q121029725|Mey Gnassingbé]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2018 | | [[Fáìlì:Avec Mey Gnassingbé.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q125487468|Ibrahima Mémounatou]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2018-12-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127002265|Ayao Dzreke]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2024-04-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127007567|Kolani Yobate]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2007-10-14<br/>2018-12-20 | 2018-12-20 | |- | ''[[:d:Q127008879|Hessou Passiwe]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2024-04-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127009287|Abdou-Haminou Tchankondo]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2024-04-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127045359|Komi-Kuma Sédjro]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2024-04-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127175482|Kossi Akakpo Hounakey]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2018-12-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127176027|Kouassi Dotche]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | 2024-04-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140077057|Laurent Djagba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q797214|French Togoland]]'' | 1958-04-27 | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} azs76ci0s6i4tdcuebov8k74jsr719c 2 66796 624754 623828 2026-07-01T19:18:46Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 624754 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Member of the Senate of Zimbabwe who was a member twice does not show twice. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21295155 } |section= |sort=P39/Q21295155/P580 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21295155/P580:Start date,P39/Q21295155/P582:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | ''[[:d:Q443215|Garfield Todd]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]<br/>[[New Zealand]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Garfield todd.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q514464|Simbarashe Mumbengegwi]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Simbarashe Mumbengegwi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1399766|Joseph Msika]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Joseph Msika.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2011278|Obert Mpofu]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3133488|Herbert Murerwa]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3274147|John Nkomo]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3369338|Patrick Chinamasa]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Patrick Chinamasa.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5017585|Cain Mathema]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Minister Cain Mathema.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5091394|Chenhanho Chimutengwende]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5232494|David Coltart]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | [[Fáìlì:David Coltart.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5238373|David Parirenyatwa]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | [[Fáìlì:David Parirenyatwa (cropped).png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5301822|Douglas Mombeshora]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5340066|Edna Madzongwe]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Edna Madzongwe at the 53rd Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference, in New Delhi on September 22, 2007.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5360562|Elias Mudzuri]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5427612|Faber Chidarikire]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5460278|Flora Buka]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5559396|Gibson Sibanda]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5576402|Godfrey Chidyausiku]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5622273|Guy Georgias]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5725372|Henry Madzorera]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6217016|Johannes Tomana]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6775305|Martin Dinha]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6848219|Mike Nyambuya]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7088073|Olivia Muchena]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Olivia muchena.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7146962|Patrick Kombayi]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7317489|Reuben Marumahoko]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7412244|Samuel Mumbengegwi]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7412644|Samuel Sipepa Nkomo]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7447116|Sekai Holland]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Sekai Holland.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7550235|Sobusa Gula-Ndebele]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7660136|Sydney Sekeramayi]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7936864|Vitalis Zvinavashe]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q8003386|Willard Chiwewe]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q9358456|Thokozani Khuphe]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Thokozani Khuphe.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16011177|Jeremiah Chirau]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]]<br/>''[[:d:Q217169|Rhodesia]]'' | | | [[Fáìlì:Internal Settlement.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16091552|Naison Ndlovu]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16136022|Morgan Femai]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | [[Tracy Mutinhiri]] | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16866539|Simon Khaya-Moyo]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16886031|Lutho Tapela]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20872132|Prisca Mupfumira]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Prisca Mupfumira - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q25697807|Kumbirai Kangai]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Independence Day Celebrations at the Ambassador's Residence, Harare, Zimbabwe. Guests at the function included Deputy Speaker of Parliament, Kumbirai Kangai.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q85118775|Monica Mutsvangwa]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q94704254|Jock Alves]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106269407|Ellen Gwaradzimba]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107491736|Peter Haritatos]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107534597|Bekithemba Mpofu]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111281646|Getrude Chibagu]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111281682|Lovemore Matuke]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111281756|Tendayi Makunde]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111282851|Annah Rungani]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111282876|Lwazi Sibanda]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111282883|Miriam Chikukwa]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111282888|Sabina Thembani]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111282889|Sibusisiwe Budha]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111282890|Sikhanyisiwe Mpofu]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283546|Address Matiirira]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283547|Agnes Sibanda]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283548|Alice Chimbudzi]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283549|Alma Mkhwebu]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283551|Alphina Juba]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283552|Angelina Masuku]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283554|Charles Tawengwa]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283555|Damian D. E. Mumvuri]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283556|Dorothy Tholakele Khumalo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283557|Dzikamai Calisto Mavhaire]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283558|Farirai Ethel Mabhungu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283559|Grace Tsitsi Jadagu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283560|Herbert M. Sinampande]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283561|Jaison Max Korerai Machaya]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283562|James Makore]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283563|Jane Chifamba]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283564|Jenia Manyeruke]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283565|Josiah D. Hungwe]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283566|Joyce Ndhlovu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283567|Judith Mawire]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283568|Keresina Chabuka]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283569|Lilian Timveos]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283571|Martha Muronzi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283572|Matson M. Hlalo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283573|Medelina Bhebhe]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283574|Michael Norman Carter]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283575|Mike M. Byton]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283576|Misheck Marava]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283577|Mlotshwa Sithembile]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283578|Molly Mkandla]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283579|Monicah Mavhunga]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283580|Morgen Komichi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283581|Muhlava Otilia Maluleke]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283582|Patrick Chitaka]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283583|Rorana Muchihwa]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283584|Rosemary Goto]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283585|Rosemary Nyathi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283586|Ruth Mafoko Labode]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283587|Shuvai Ben Mahofa]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283588|Siphiwe Ncube]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283590|Tapera Machingaifa]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283592|Thokozile A. Mathuthu]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283594|Tsitsi Veronica Muzenda]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283595|Violet Moeketsi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283596|Virginia Muchenje]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283597|Watchy Sibanda]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283842|Annah Shiri]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283843|Ashel Sithole]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283844|Clemence Nembire]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283845|Cleveria Chizema]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283846|Daniel Gwenzi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283847|Daster Chisunga]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283848|Enos Masakwa]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283849|Feleni Chauke]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283850|Fortune Charumbira]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283851|Joseph Mudhe]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283852|Mike Musaka]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283853|Milton Ntabeni]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283854|Mtshane Khumalo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283855|Ndabazekhaya Matema]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283857|Nkathazo Siansole]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283858|Nyamayabo Mashavakure]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283859|Rivai Mbaimbai]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283860|Samson Katsande]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283861|Sindalizwe Dube]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283863|Tambudzani Mohadi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283865|Try Manyepa]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283866|Vuyani Ndiweni]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283867|Wilson Nebiri]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111283868|Zama Mkhwananzi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291735|Alice Dube]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291737|Angeline Tongogara]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291738|Annias Mapungwana]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291739|Aplonia Munzverengwi]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291740|Bybit Tsomondo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291741|Christine Rambanepasi]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291742|Clara Shumba]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291744|Douglas Mwonzora]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | [[Fáìlì:Image of Douglas Mwonzora seated in Formal lounge.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111291745|Esnath Rwambiwa]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291746|Gideon Shoko]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291747|Helen Zivira]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291750|Joseph Madziva]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291751|Joshua Teke Malinga]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291753|Kerina Gweshe]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291754|Langton Chikukwa]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291755|Larry Mavhima]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291756|Maybe Mbowa]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291757|Meliwe Phuthi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291758|Mildred Reason Dube]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291759|Molly Ndlovu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291761|Morgan Komichi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291762|Oliver Chidawu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291764|Phyllis Ndlovu]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | [[Yọ Timire]] | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | 2018-08 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291766|Shephered Chengeta Gundu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291767|Sikelela Gumpo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291768|Spinani Hungwe]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291769|Tambudzani Moyo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291770|Tapfumanei Wunganayi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291771|Themba Mathuthu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291772|Theresa Maonei Makone]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291774|Tichinani Mavetera]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291775|Voice Chinake]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291776|Watson Khupe]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111291777|Witness Bungu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111295117|Shaddy Sai]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313041|Jefta Chindanya]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313199|Phone Madiro]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313735|Agnes Dete]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313737|Edmund Jacob]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313738|Enna Chitsa]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313740|Gladys Dube]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313741|Gladys Mabhiza]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313742|Josiah Rimbi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313743|Matson Mpofu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313745|Misheck Chando]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313746|Monica Mustvangwa]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313747|Obert Gutu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313748|Oriah Kabayanjiri]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313749|Rutendo Chikukwa]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313750|Samuel Tsungirirai]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313751|Stanley Sakupwanya]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313752|Sydney Sekeremayi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313822|Ananias Nyathi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313824|Betty Chikava]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313825|Cephas Chikwanha]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313827|Chiratidzo Gava]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313828|Clarissa Muchengeti]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313829|Dalumuzi Khumalo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313830|Diamond Mumvuri]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313832|Edmond Jacob]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313833|Egneti Makono]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313834|Eunice Sandi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313835|Fanuel Bayayi]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313836|Forbes Magadu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313837|Grace Dube]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313838|Greenfield Nyoni]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313839|Henry Chikumbiro]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313840|Josephine Moyo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313841|Kantibhai Patel]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | 2005-04-12<br/>1985 | 2008-03-28<br/>1990 | [[Fáìlì:The Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu at the Samadhi of Kantibhai Govardhanbhai Patel who had migrated to Zimbabwe in 1961 and rose to become a senator and was elected as Member of Parliament, in Harare, Zimbabwe.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111313842|Leonard Munotengwa]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313843|Livia Gumbura]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313844|Lot Mbambo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313845|Mandy Chimene]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313846|Oria Kabayanjiri]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313847|Richard Hove]]'' | | [[Zimbabwe|Sìmbábúè]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313848|Rittah Ndlovu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313849|Sheila Mahere]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313850|Sibangilizwe Msipa]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313851|Siriro Majuru]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313852|Stefano Mukusha]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313853|Tazvitya Mapfumo]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313854|Thabiso Ndlovu]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313855|Tobias Matanga]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313857|Virginia Muchengeti]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111313858|Vivian Muchicho]]'' | | | | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} q9y7cdvv95vq0cco4220cv4c6m28v6g 2 67124 624867 623859 2026-07-02T03:31:21Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 624867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q690840 } |section= |sort=P131 |sort_order=asca |columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! In administrative entity ! Geo Coordinate ! Image ! Locator map image |- | ''[[:d:Q285109|Dita Dermalo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | {{Coord|6.25|37.3333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2895681|Bench]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | {{Coord|6.916667|35.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2910805|Boreda Abaya]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | {{Coord|6.33333|37.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3098702|Gaserana Gololcha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3120806|Gunagadow]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3155132|Isara Tocha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | {{Coord|7|36.9167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3290399|Mareka Gena]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | {{Coord|7.16667|37.1667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3304728|Meinit]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | {{Coord|6.5|35.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3484863|Sinanana Dinsho]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3574678|Zala Ubamale]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | {{Coord|6.08333|37|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6798096|Mayumuluka]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13143559|Mennana Harena Buluk]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13143564|Metu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13143607|Mulona Sululta]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13143795|Siyadebrina Wayu Ensaro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13145215|Wuchalena Jido]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13146114|Dugda Bora]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13146482|Chiro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20624434|Kersana Kondaltiti]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20625175|Berehna Aleltu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20626778|Adolana Wadera]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20629906|Dodotana Sire]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24032415|Pemba District]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | {{Coord|12.57|40.3|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55605786|Borena (woreda)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55611638|Fiiq (woreda)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55612795|Gonji Kolela (woreda)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55632278|Sabbataa Awaas (woreda)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q61713239|Abadir]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q61713242|Shenkor Woreda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q61713245|Aboker Woreda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q61713246|Hakim Woreda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q61713249|Sofi Woreda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108280853|Artuma Fursi Jilee]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | {{Coord|10.5|39.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108280854|Jilee Dhummuugaa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | {{Coord|10.29|40|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108280858|Dawa Chaffa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | {{Coord|10.82|39.81|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108281113|Chaffa Gola Dewerahmedo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | {{Coord|11|39.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q110104370|Luude Hexosa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15177743|Abala]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1387874|Abala]]'' | {{Coord|13.355278|39.754722|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Abala town.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q56247985|Gambela]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3575755|Administrative Zone 1]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257108|Semera Logia]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q193494|Afar Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|11.75|41|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q584224|Bare]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]'' | {{Coord|4.666667|42.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q682491|Guradamole]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1822845|Liben Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.083333|41.083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1324250|Elekere]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6|42.083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2825710|Afder]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.25|42.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2962798|Cherti]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.33972|41.8825|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3034259|Dolobay]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]'' | {{Coord|4.583333|42.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3315775|Mirab Imi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.166667|42.416667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5586769|Goro Bekeksa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1822845|Liben Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6|41.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6394708|Kersa Dula]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.75|40|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55607222|Cherati (woreda)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55613413|Hargelle (woreda)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55809400|Baarey]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55809404|Ceelgari]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55809415|Iimey Galbeed]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55809420|Raaso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.533333|41.783333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55809424|Qooxle]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q382135|Afder Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2850318|Ankasha Guagusa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070718|Agew Awi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11|36.6667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2882541|Banja]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070718|Agew Awi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.1667|36.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3013540|Dangila]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070718|Agew Awi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.25716|36.84118|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3064440|Faggeta Lekoma]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070718|Agew Awi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.3333|36.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3118745|Guangua]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070718|Agew Awi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11|36.3333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4855807|Banja Shekudad]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070718|Agew Awi Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5613294|Guagusa Shekudad]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070718|Agew Awi Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6166113|Jawi district]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070718|Agew Awi Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55673671|Ayehu guagusa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070718|Agew Awi Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3157020|Jabi Tehnan]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q203009|Amhara Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.8333|37.1667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3200182|Kuarit]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q203009|Amhara Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11|37.416667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3567304|Mida Woremo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q203009|Amhara Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.3333|38.8333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2821681|Abobo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4777700|Anuak Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.833333|34.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3094932|Gambela Zuria]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4777700|Anuak Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.16667|34.6667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3109852|Gog]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4777700|Anuak Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.58333|34.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3183660|Jor]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4777700|Anuak Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.75|33.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5277708|Dimma]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4777700|Anuak Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.16667|34.6667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55609256|Debub Ari (woreda)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q124173209|Ari Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.833333|36.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55632840|Semen Ari (woreda)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q124173209|Ari Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.2|36.7|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134309374|Boko Dawula]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q124173209|Ari Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134309692|Wub Ari]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q124173209|Ari Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q374201|Ziway Dugda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8|39|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q740236|Assela]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.95|39.133333|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Asella Town, 2021.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q2646407|Bekoji]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.416667|39.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2843318|Amigna]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.833333|40|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2866446|Aseko]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.416667|40|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2964388|Chole]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.166667|39.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3027739|Digeluna Tijo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.733333|39.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3033675|Dodota]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.25|39.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3110313|Gololcha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.25|40.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3138657|Hitosa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.083333|39.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3176822|Jeju]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.25|39.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3306658|Merti]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.533333|39.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3327847|Munesa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.55|39|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3434318|Robe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.666667|39.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3479998|Seru]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.666667|40.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3481927|Sirka]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.583333|39.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3502932|Sude]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8|39.67|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3517952|Tena]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.75|39.416667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3529978|Tiyo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8|39.133333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4850656|Bale Gasegar]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.75|40|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5276575|Diksis]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.016667|39.55|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5379022|Enkelo Wabe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.416667|39.416667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5618457|Guna]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.333333|39.916667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6549969|Limuna Bilbilo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.45|39.216667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6698715|Lude Hitosa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.066667|39.416667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7530072|Sire]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.3|39.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257424|Askoo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257427|Asalla]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257456|Seeru]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257461|Siree]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257467|Suudee]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257471|Shirka]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257476|Xiyo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2361764|Komesha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q734246|Asosa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.17|34.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2866757|Asosa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q734246|Asosa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.166694|34.416694|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2881768|Bambasi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q734246|Asosa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.75|34.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3198977|Kormuk]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q734246|Asosa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.5|34.3333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3305834|Menge]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q734246|Asosa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.3333|34.8333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3349066|Oda Buldigilu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q734246|Asosa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.1667|35.1667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3481925|Sherkole]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q734246|Asosa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.666667|34.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q720557|Asaita]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q193494|Afar Region]]'' | {{Coord|11.566667|41.433333|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Asaita City.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q2825704|Afambo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|11.25|41.666667|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Using camels to distribute long lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) in Ethiopia (42464375665).jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q2866336|Asayita]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|11.75|41.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2963527|Chifra]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|11.75|40.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3040652|Dubti]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|11.833333|41|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3050957|Elidar]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|12.25|41.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3314275|Mille]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|11.5|40.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5311156|Dubti]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|11.733333|41.083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6432253|Kori]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|12.5|41|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55603180|Ada'ar (woreda)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|11.333333|40.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257126|Garani]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444678|Awsi Rasu]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q193494|Afar Region]]'' | {{Coord|11.5|41.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q745871|Goba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.016667|39.983333|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Men at work in Goba.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q2826421|Agarfa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.25|39.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2896892|Berbere]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.66667|40.1667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3109573|Goba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.833333|39.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3111360|Goro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7|40.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3303887|Meda Welabu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.75|39.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3434314|Robe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.116667|40|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5254300|Delo Menna]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.416667|39.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5278718|Dinsho]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.083333|39.716667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5526420|Gasera]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.333333|40.166667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|7.33333|40.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7521774|Sinana]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.083333|40.216667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15222316|Guradamole]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.333333|40.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16964887|Harena Buluk]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.333333|39.483333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55609174|Dawe Serara]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257483|Agaarfaa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257486|Barbaree]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257491|Diinsho]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257497|Gindhir]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257607|Gooba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q804883|Bale Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3317332|Mizan Aman]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2895686|Bench Sheko]]'' | {{Coord|7|35.583333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3481774|Sheko]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2895686|Bench Sheko]]'' | {{Coord|7.05|35.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16979589|She Bench]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2895686|Bench Sheko]]'' | {{Coord|6.916667|35.816667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16995799|Semien Bench]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2895686|Bench Sheko]]'' | {{Coord|7.066667|35.633333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16999700|Guraferda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2895686|Bench Sheko]]'' | {{Coord|6.916667|35.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17063961|Debub Bench]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2895686|Bench Sheko]]'' | {{Coord|6.833333|35.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126919744|Mizan Aman]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2895686|Bench Sheko]]'' | {{Coord|6.966667|35.566667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q269545|Mao-Komo special woreda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q207635|Benishangul-Gumuz Region]]'' | {{Coord|9.5|34.3333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1551078|Pawe Special Woreda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q207635|Benishangul-Gumuz Region]]'' | {{Coord|11.333333|36.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2860849|Arero]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]'' | {{Coord|4.666667|39|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3029342|Dire]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]'' | {{Coord|4.25|38.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3326979|Moyale, Oromia]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]'' | {{Coord|4|39.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3517432|Teltele]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]'' | {{Coord|4.83|37.417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3571228|Yabelo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5|38.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16973161|Miyu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]'' | {{Coord|3.75|38.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55609596|Dillo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]'' | {{Coord|4.25|37.7|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55612789|Gomole (woreda)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113509130|Dehas]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]'' | {{Coord|4.166667|38.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124314207|Wacile]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124314282|Elowaye]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7698010|Tembaro Special Woreda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q122415622|Central Ethiopia Regional State]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3194972|Kembata Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.25|37.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108303756|Shanto]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5212917|Damot Pulasa]]'' | {{Coord|7.023056|37.863611|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Shanto.png|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q3258822|Loma Bosa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5242612|Dawro Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.916667|37.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16980773|Tocha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5242612|Dawro Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.083333|37.033333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16992490|Mareka]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5242612|Dawro Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.166667|37.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17037131|Loma]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5242612|Dawro Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17037271|Isara]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5242612|Dawro Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.883333|37|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17066240|Gena Bosa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5242612|Dawro Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.233333|37.266667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127625265|Tarcha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5242612|Dawro Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.15|37.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127652970|Gesa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5242612|Dawro Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.013889|37.275|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q741581|Seden Sodo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.416667|38.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q940315|Dawo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.75|38.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2374856|Tole]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.583333|38.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2841417|Amaya]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.5|37.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2893465|Becho]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.583333|38.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3051784|Elu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.75|38.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3195526|Kersana Malima]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.583333|38.533333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3565370|Waliso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.583333|38.083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3565377|Waliso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.533333|37.966667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3569781|Wonchi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.666667|37.916667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5586768|Goro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.416667|37.883333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7553400|Sodo Dacha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.533333|38.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2917913|Enderta]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5248636|Debub Misraqawi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13.5|39.6667|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Hauts plateaux entre Sekota et Mékélé (2).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Enderta.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3021278|Dogu'a Tembien]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5248636|Debub Misraqawi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13.65|39.166667|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Trekking in woreda Dogu'a Tembien.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Degua Temben.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3135772|Hintalo Wajirat]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5248636|Debub Misraqawi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13.1667|39.6667|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Ethiopie-Hauteurs de Mékélé 01.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Hintalo Wejirat.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3470933|Samre]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5248636|Debub Misraqawi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13.25|39.1667|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Ethiopie-Vallée des baobabs (8).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Saharti Samre.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2880293|Bako Gazer]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.91667|36.5833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3110186|Jinka]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124173209|Ari Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.783333|36.566667|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Jinka 03.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q3126412|Hamer]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5|36.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3200524|Kuraz]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|4.916667|36.083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3478047|Selamago]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.916667|36.083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4886778|Bena Tsemay]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.5|36.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5530443|Gelila]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.18333|36.65|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6742900|Male]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.833333|36.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15222658|Hamer Bena]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.166667|36.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17037737|Nyangatom]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.133333|35.95|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55609047|Dasenech (woreda)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3020952|Debub Omo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|4.75|36.083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q973048|Tenta]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.3333|39.0833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2841469|Ambassel]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.75|39.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3020931|Debre Sina]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.9167|38.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3024609|Dessie Zuria]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.1667|39.3333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3160768|Jama]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.6667|39.1667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3192267|Kalu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11|39.8333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3194835|Kelala]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.75|38.8333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3200672|Kutaber]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.3333|39.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3229039|Legambo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11|39|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3276653|Magdala]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.5|38.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3474737|Sayint]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.25|38.6667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3517176|Tehuledere]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.5|39.5833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3567070|Wegde]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.6667|38.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3567299|Warra Babo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.6667|39.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3567302|Were Ilu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.8333|39.1667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4670562|Abuko]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6517340|Legahida]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6809205|Mehal Sayint]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13146070|Dessie]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56605175|Kombolcha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q616988|Alamata]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3020955|Debubawi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12.3333|39.5|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Natural feature of Alamata.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q924840|Raya Azebo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3020955|Debubawi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12.6667|39.75|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:ET Afar-Tigray border Road to Berhale asv2018-01.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Raya Azebo.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2830419|Alaje]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3020955|Debubawi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13|39.3333|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Tigray, Ethiopia (8975869278).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Alaje.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3053975|Endamehoni]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3020955|Debubawi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12.75|39.5|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Tigray (25913317117).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Endamehoni.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3349749|Ofla]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3020955|Debubawi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12.5|39.3333|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Tigray Morning, Ethiopia (18810061714).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Ofla.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4667098|Abergele, Amhara]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3020955|Debubawi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13.0902|38.9575|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56247936|Alamata]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3020955|Debubawi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q616988|Alamata]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q200127|Tigray Region]]'' | {{Coord|12.417528|39.558643|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56247942|Maychew]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3020955|Debubawi Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55624017|Mubaarak]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q55609498|Dhawa Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55809390|Qadhaadhumo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q55609498|Dhawa Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q100928375|Dimtu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5276377|Diguna Fango]]'' | {{Coord|6.931889|38.12775|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Dimtu (Wolaita) Town.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q890726|Boh]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2549095|Dollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.583333|46.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q954661|Werder]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2549095|Dollo Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202800|Somali Region]]'' | {{Coord|6.833333|45.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3015349|Danot]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2549095|Dollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.833333|45.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3100262|Geladin]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2549095|Dollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.666667|46.416667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55609018|Daratole]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2549095|Dollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.25|45.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55612402|Geladi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2549095|Dollo Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56153258|Galxamur]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2549095|Dollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.666667|47.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56153269|Lehel-Yucub]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2549095|Dollo Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202800|Somali Region]]'' | {{Coord|6.5|45.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q960789|Ginir]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q109482910|East Bale Zone Laga hidha wareda]]'' | {{Coord|7.08333|40.6667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3106775|Ginir]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q109482910|East Bale Zone Laga hidha wareda]]'' | {{Coord|7.139444|40.710833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3229049|Legehida]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q109482910|East Bale Zone Laga hidha wareda]]'' | {{Coord|7.75|41.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3480862|Seweyna]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q109482910|East Bale Zone Laga hidha wareda]]'' | {{Coord|7.333333|41.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5242290|Dawe Kachen]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q109482910|East Bale Zone Laga hidha wareda]]'' | {{Coord|6.666667|40.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5580914|Gololcha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q109482910|East Bale Zone Laga hidha wareda]]'' | {{Coord|7.416667|40.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13143704|Rayitu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q109482910|East Bale Zone Laga hidha wareda]]'' | {{Coord|6.894411|41.12895|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2869832|Atsbi Wenberta]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3316357|Eastern Zone, Tigray]]'' | {{Coord|13.6667|39.75|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.67|39.75|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:North of Atsbi Derra in the direction of Idaga Hamus.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Atsbi Wenberta.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3095207|Ganta Afeshum]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3316357|Eastern Zone, Tigray]]'' | {{Coord|14.3333|39.25|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Tigray, Ethiopia (11834467013).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Ganta Afeshum.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3120775|Gulomahda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3316357|Eastern Zone, Tigray]]'' | {{Coord|14.5|39.3333|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Tigray, Ethiopia (10587159784).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Gulomekeda.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3128790|Hawzen]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3316357|Eastern Zone, Tigray]]'' | {{Coord|14|39.3333|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:TESFA trek (5498477203).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Hawzen.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3154504|Irob]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3316357|Eastern Zone, Tigray]]'' | {{Coord|14.5|39.6667|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Irob boys in Alitena.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Irob.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3461237|Saesi Tsaedaemba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3316357|Eastern Zone, Tigray]]'' | {{Coord|14.25|39.6667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.25|39.667|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Countryside near Teka Tesfai - Ethiopia - 02 (8714484774).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Saesie Tsaedaemba.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3570151|Kilte Awulaelo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3316357|Eastern Zone, Tigray]]'' | {{Coord|13.75|39.5|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Abreha and Atsbeha Church 01.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Kelete Awelallo.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56249658|Adigrat Town]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3316357|Eastern Zone, Tigray]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56605518|Adigrat]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3316357|Eastern Zone, Tigray]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56627987|Wukro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3316357|Eastern Zone, Tigray]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3072754|Fiq]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q55610992|Erer Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.166667|42.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3126409|Hamero]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q55610992|Erer Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.583333|42.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6471837|Lagahida mastar balayn]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q55610992|Erer Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8|42|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|7.666667|41.916667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28233955|Qubi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q55610992|Erer Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55622534|Mayaa-muluqo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q55610992|Erer Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.5|42.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55637307|Waangaay]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q55610992|Erer Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55638069|Yaxoob]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q55610992|Erer Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q764231|Chiro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]'' | {{Coord|9.083333|40.866667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q974511|Masela]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]'' | {{Coord|8.833333|41.083333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|8.83|41.083|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2382572|Doba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]'' | {{Coord|9.25|41|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2391504|Tulo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]'' | {{Coord|9.17|41|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|9.16|41|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2909209|Boke]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]'' | {{Coord|8.33333|40.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2963919|Chiro Zuria]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]'' | {{Coord|9.088889|40.869444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3016437|Darolebu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]'' | {{Coord|8.16667|40.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3118829|Guba Koricha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]'' | {{Coord|8.95|40.55|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3125408|Habro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]'' | {{Coord|8.75|40.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3200454|Kuni]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]'' | {{Coord|8.666667|40.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3312794|Mieso, Oromia]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]'' | {{Coord|9.25|40.6334|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4752601|Anchar]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5530589|Gemechis]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56249628|Bedessa Town]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124260874|Shanan Dhuuggoo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124260881|Gumbii Bordode]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109889|Est Arsi Dumuga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q656780|Babille, Somali]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.16667|42.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q755763|Jijiga]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.35|42.8|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Jijiga.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q1627555|Kebri Beyah]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.1|43.1667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2874676|Awbere]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.583333|43.083333|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Aw Barre countryside2.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q3120968|Gursum, Somali]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.216667|42.633333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3127958|Harshin]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.16667|43.6667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|9.083333|43.716667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3178653|Jijiga]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.333333|42.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3194591|Kebri Beyah]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.083333|43.083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25683086|Tuliguled]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.5|42.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55612785|Goljano]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.916667|42.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55613433|Haroorayso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.366667|43|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55624078|Mula]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.733333|43.083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q115862016|Togo Wuchale]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.594444|43.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1249786|Aura]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444707|Fantena Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|12.25|40.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1268669|Teru]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444707|Fantena Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|12.75|40.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3061682|Ewa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444707|Fantena Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|12|40.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3120758|Gulina]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444707|Fantena Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|12.25|40|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3443017|Yalo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444707|Fantena Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|12.666667|40|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q791636|Awash]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444674|Gabi Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|8.994444|40.166667|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Awash-Route (4).jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q2843213|Amibara]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444674|Gabi Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|9.666667|40.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2861034|Argoba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444674|Gabi Rasu]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q193494|Afar Region]]'' | {{Coord|9.55|39.866667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2874673|Awash Fentale]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444674|Gabi Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|9.1|40.0333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2928329|Bure Mudaytu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444674|Gabi Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|10.333333|40.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3041120|Dulecha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444674|Gabi Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|9.666667|40.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3104708|Gewane]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444674|Gabi Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|10.5|40.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257129|Canruka]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444674|Gabi Rasu]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q193494|Afar Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q626861|Arba Minch]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.033333|37.55|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Skyline view of AMU1.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q2859603|Arba Minch Zuria]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6|37.583333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2910188|Bonke]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.916667|37.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2962626|Chencha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.25|37.633333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2962633|Chencha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.25|37.566667|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Chencha, Ethiopia.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q3194971|Kemba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6|37.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3200189|Kucha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.5|37.3333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15203470|Boreda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.5|37.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16977993|Dita]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.25|37.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16992423|Deramalo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.333333|37.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17025457|Mirab Abaya]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.333333|37.7|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133872959|Kemba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5520368|Gamo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.058333|37.175|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q567928|Bule]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q500213|Gedeo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.25|38.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q905423|Dila]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q500213|Gedeo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.4125|38.311667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2600425|Irgachefe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q500213|Gedeo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.158134|38.203239|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3198166|Kochere]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q500213|Gedeo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6|38.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3567215|Wenago]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q500213|Gedeo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.333333|38.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3572300|Yirgachefe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q500213|Gedeo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.166667|38.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5276653|Dila Zuria]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q500213|Gedeo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.383333|38.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5529668|Gedeb]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q500213|Gedeo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.916667|38.3|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133149528|Gedeb]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q500213|Gedeo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.916667|38.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133159661|Chelelektu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q500213|Gedeo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.004167|38.154167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2927964|Bulki]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q16979432|Geze Gofa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3109845|Gofa Zuria]]'' | {{Coord|6.286111|36.809722|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3305251|Melokoza]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3109845|Gofa Zuria]]'' | {{Coord|6.5|36.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3474658|Sawla]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3109845|Gofa Zuria]]'' | {{Coord|6.3|36.883333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7876379|Uba Debretsehay]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3109845|Gofa Zuria]]'' | {{Coord|6.1|36.8|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q8065273|Zala]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3109845|Gofa Zuria]]'' | {{Coord|6.3|37.1|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16977708|Oyda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3109845|Gofa Zuria]]'' | {{Coord|6.2|36.8|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16979432|Geze Gofa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3109845|Gofa Zuria]]'' | {{Coord|6.333333|36.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17000114|Demba Gofa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3109845|Gofa Zuria]]'' | {{Coord|6.5|37|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2824689|Adola]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6|39.083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2910804|Bore]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.25|38.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3196325|Kebri Mangest]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.883333|38.983333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3237714|Liben]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.25|39.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3349300|Odo Shakiso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.583333|38.916667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3552120|Uraga]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.083333|38.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5277133|Dima]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.25|38.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5564315|Girja]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7959167|Wadera]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.833333|39.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55603877|Ana Sora]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.25|38.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55613410|Harenfema]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56581969|Kebri Mangest]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q110104397|Saba Boru]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.5|38.85|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113530275|Goro Dola]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.5|39.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257784|Gumi Eldalo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q728301|Goro, SNNPR]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.33333|37.6667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1110026|Welkite]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.283333|37.783333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2928812|Butajira]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q122237660|East Gurage Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.116667|38.366667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2962073|Cheha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.166667|37.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3054076|Enemorina Eaner]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8|37.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3120794|Gumer]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.95|38.05|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3198372|Kokir Gedebano]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.333333|38.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3306850|Meskanena Mareko]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.16667|38.3333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4667233|Abeshge]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.3|37.6|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5376006|Endegagn]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.85|37.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5376121|Endibir]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.11666|37.9333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5423261|Ezha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.15|37.983333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6758933|Mareko]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q122415622|Central Ethiopia Regional State]]'' | {{Coord|8|38.533333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7553234|Soddo Wereda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q122237660|East Gurage Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.3|38.516667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15253216|Meskane]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q122237660|East Gurage Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.133333|38.4|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16969182|Geta]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.916667|37.983333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16977966|Muhor Na Aklil]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.233333|38.05|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24032667|Ejana Ewlnie]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.166667|38.083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126000294|Bui]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070678|Gurage Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q122237660|East Gurage Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.316667|38.55|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2754082|Hosaena]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q122415622|Central Ethiopia Regional State]]'' | {{Coord|7.55|37.85|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2878580|Badawacho]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.16667|37.9167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|7.1667|37.9167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3198795|Konteb]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.75|37.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3241174|Limo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.583333|37.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3491240|Soro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.5|37.583333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4750395|Ana Lemo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.633333|38|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5314035|Duna]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.316667|37.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5559080|Gibe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.666667|37.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5581189|Gomibora]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.55|37.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6872257|Mirab Badawacho]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.166667|37.866667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6875449|Misha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.7|37.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6875928|Misraq Badawacho]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.166667|38|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7490575|Shashogo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.5|38|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q48724387|Shone]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.133333|37.95|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128799794|Jajura]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.455556|37.694444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q128907384|Ameka]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.783333|37.783333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129932801|Mirab Soro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.416667|37.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129933852|Siraro Badawacho]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3125547|Hadiya Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.116667|38.033333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2865907|Dalifage]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444726|Hari Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|10.5|40.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3019225|Dewe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444726|Hari Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|10.75|40.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3443013|Simurobi Gele'alo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444726|Hari Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|10|40.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3443041|Telalak]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444726|Hari Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|11.166667|40.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3514202|Hadale'ela Afar]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444726|Hari Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|10.333333|40.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2874667|Aware]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.58333|44|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3021240|Degehabur]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.166667|43.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3021241|Degehamedo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.25|43|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3316352|Misrak Gashamo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.117222|45.346111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25683507|Gunagado]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.8|43.9|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55604116|Araarso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55605440|Bilcil buur]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55605493|Bir-qod]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55609562|Dig (woreda)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55638106|Yoocaale]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55809555|Dhagax Madow]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1182808|Hawd Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2820216|Abay Chomen]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.666667|37.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2821455|Abe Dongoro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.5|36.8333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2844534|Amuru Jarte]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.83333|37.1667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3118854|Guduru]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.5|37.583333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3178990|Jimma Rare]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.166667|37.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3481302|Shambu city]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.566667|37.1|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4749007|Amuru]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10|37|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5636596|Hababo Guduru]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.666667|37.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5904664|Horo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.666667|37.083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6159615|Jardega Jarte]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.9|37.1|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16999696|Jimma Genete]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.383333|37.133333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257786|Coman Guduru]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2654779|Gechi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104640230|Buno Bedele Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.333333|36.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2832369|Ale]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.166667|35.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2893561|Bedele]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104640230|Buno Bedele Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.45|36.35|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2893564|Bedele Zuria]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104640230|Buno Bedele Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.5|36.3333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2928317|Bure, Oromia]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.333333|35.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2964481|Chora]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104640230|Buno Bedele Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.333333|36.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3016116|Darimu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.5|35.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3021233|Dega]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104640230|Buno Bedele Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.583333|36.133333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3026870|Didessa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104640230|Buno Bedele Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.083333|36.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3175104|Metu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.3|35.583333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3307516|Metu Zuria]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.25|35.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3343373|Nono Sele]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.9|35.283333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3504035|Supena Sodo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.5|35.8333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3572032|Yayu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.166667|36|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4723965|Alge Sache]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.583333|35.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4903612|Bicho]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4913557|Bilo Nopha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4944800|Borecha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104640230|Buno Bedele Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.25|36.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5094504|Chewaka]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104640230|Buno Bedele Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.916667|36.083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5207520|Dabo Hana]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104640230|Buno Bedele Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.666667|36.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5274247|Didu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5297724|Doreni]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.683333|38.85|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5935367|Huka Halu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6739829|Mako]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104640230|Buno Bedele Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.683333|36.016667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16957182|Hurumu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q768586|Illubabor Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q304246|Sigmo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.833333|36.083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q385341|Jimma]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.666667|36.833333|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Jimmamosque.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q666087|Mana]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.75|36.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q693640|Sokoru]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.016667|37.45|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1110037|Agaro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.85|36.583333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2376156|Setema]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8|36.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3021096|Dedo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.416667|37|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3103838|Gera]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.666667|36.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3110373|Gomma]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.833333|36.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3195518|Kersa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.75|37.083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3241122|Limmu Kosa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8|37|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3241125|Limmu Sakka]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.333333|37|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3352093|Omo Nada]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.5|37.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3477985|Seka Chekorsa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.583333|36.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3529396|Tiro Afeta]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.917|37.33|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5104933|Chora Botor]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.366667|37.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5618018|Guma]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.95|36.45|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7492254|Shebe Senbo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.5|36.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56460844|Agaro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2826358|Agalo Mite]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1738457|Kamashi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.75|35.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2895030|Belo Jegonfoy]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1738457|Kamashi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.33333|36.1667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|9.33333|36.16667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3485240|Sirba Abbay]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1738457|Kamashi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.25|35.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3571933|Yaso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1738457|Kamashi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10|36|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17447305|Kamashi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1738457|Kamashi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.5|35.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q977149|Bonga]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.266667|36.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2962612|Chena]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.15|35.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3020994|Decha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.833333|36.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3104464|Gesha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.6|35.766667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3106709|Ginbo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.333333|36.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3306009|Menjiwo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.25|36.583333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3517418|Telo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.116667|36.483333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5554941|Gewata]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.5|36|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7429236|Sayilem]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.8|35.8|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16258006|Cheta]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.833333|36.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16979178|Bita]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.383333|35.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56249366|Bonga]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127429313|Wacha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6383412|Keffa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.15|35.816667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3297248|Masha Anderacha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3194654|Keficho Shekicho Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.58333|35.4167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2563156|Dembi Dollo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.535278|34.800278|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Saio heights in Ethiopia.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q2849236|Anfillo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.566667|34.566667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3012309|Dale Lalo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.75|35.3333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3099626|Gawo Dale]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9|35.1667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3128735|Hawa Welele]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.58333|35.0833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3178988|Jimma Gidami]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.75|34.6667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3474740|Sayo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.5|34.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5210625|Dale Sedi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.933333|35.216667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5210678|Dale Wabera]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.933333|35.05|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5528474|Gawo Kebe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.166667|34.933333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5559484|Gidami]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9|34.583333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5684158|Hawa Gelan]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.633333|34.933333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6199291|Jimma Horo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.916667|34.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6480552|Lalo Kile]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.866667|35.316667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q8052059|Yemalogi Welele]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6385564|Kelem Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.733333|34.733333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2849247|Angacha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3194972|Kembata Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.333333|37.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3041503|Durame]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3194972|Kembata Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.245833|37.904167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3191725|Kacha Bira]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3194972|Kembata Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.25|37.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3194600|Kedida Gamela]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3194972|Kembata Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.266667|37.95|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3352090|Omo Sheleko]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3194972|Kembata Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.25|37.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3482296|Shinshicho]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3194972|Kembata Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.205556|37.777778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5212097|Damboya]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3194972|Kembata Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.366667|37.95|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5303805|Doyogena]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3194972|Kembata Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.366667|37.8|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5637765|Hadero Tunto]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3194972|Kembata Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.25|37.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1387874|Abala]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444683|Kilbet Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|13.5|40|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2825718|Afdera]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444683|Kilbet Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|13.25|41|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2896857|Berhale]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444683|Kilbet Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|13.833333|40.333333|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Entre Berhale et Ahmed Ela (1).jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q3012486|Dallol]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444683|Kilbet Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|14.25|40|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3056069|Erebti]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444683|Kilbet Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|13.25|40.3333|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:ET Afar asv2018-01 img91 Erebti.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q3198642|Koneba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444683|Kilbet Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|13.916667|39.916667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3304289|Megale]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444683|Kilbet Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|13.166667|40|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4904270|Bidu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3444683|Kilbet Rasu]]'' | {{Coord|12.916667|41.416667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108208234|Bale Hawassa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3196964|Kindo Koysha]]'' | {{Coord|6.923055|37.52703|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Bale Hawaasa Ambbaa.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q614650|Kebri Dahar]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.733333|44.266667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3020822|Debeweyin]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.166667|44.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3194593|Kebri Dahar]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.916667|44.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3481773|Shekosh]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.5|44.1667|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Shekosh town.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q3482097|Shilavo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6|45.1667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55605745|Boodaley (woreda)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55606809|Ceel-Ogadeen]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55613738|Higloley (woreda)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55616269|Kudunbuur]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55616437|Laas-dhankayre]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55622281|Marsin (woreda)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1784199|Korahe Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q779527|Filtu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1822845|Liben Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.166667|41|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3034264|Dolo Odo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1822845|Liben Zone]]'' | {{Coord|4.41667|41.4167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3326978|Moyale, Somali]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1822845|Liben Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55609498|Dhawa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|4.166667|40.083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7877179|Udet]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1822845|Liben Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55609498|Dhawa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|4.416667|39.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q104817057|Bokolmayo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1822845|Liben Zone]]'' | {{Coord|4.5|41.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q132157192|Deka Suftu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1822845|Liben Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5|40|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q631190|Werie Lehe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]'' | {{Coord|14|39.1667|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Tigray Morning, Ethiopia (10581494826).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Werei Leke.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q924874|Abergele]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13.3333|38.8333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|13.33|38.83|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:View from Debre Sema'it to Agbe lowlands.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Tanqua Abergele.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2376195|Adwa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]'' | {{Coord|14.25|38.9167|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:ET Tigray asv2018-01 img46 Adwa.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Adwa.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3055091|Enticho]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]'' | {{Coord|14.3333|39.1667|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Tigray, Ethiopia (11834467013).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Ahferom.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3198433|Kola Tembien]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13.6667|38.9167|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Escarpment, Tigray (8215920137).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Kola Temben.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3206236|La'ilay Maychew]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]'' | {{Coord|14.166667|38.75|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Small Steles near Aksum.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Laelay Maychew.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3306441|Mereb Lehe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]'' | {{Coord|14|39.1667|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Tigray Near Yeha Ethiopia.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Mereb Leke.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3335012|Naeder Adet]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13.8333|38.6667|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Tigray, Ethiopia (8204101287).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Naeder Adet.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3513941|Tahtay Maychew]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]'' | {{Coord|14.1135|38.587667|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Tigray, Ethiopia (8205210356).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Tahtay Maychew.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56524196|Adwa town]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56524220|Axum town]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109592123|Tanqua Millash]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2902680|Mehakelegnaw Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13.555|39.024|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q539919|Dangur]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q742955|Metekel Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.5|35.8333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q630528|Dibate]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q742955|Metekel Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.5|36.1667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2927925|Bulen]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q742955|Metekel Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.545|35.975|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|10.58333|35.91667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3118828|Guba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q742955|Metekel Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.3333|35.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3285608|Mandura]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q742955|Metekel Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11|36.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3567218|Wenbera]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q742955|Metekel Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.5|35.4167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3109736|Godere]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6826648|Mezhenger Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.266667|35.316667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6816985|Mengesh]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6826648|Mezhenger Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.416667|35|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1445950|Tsegede]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2902728|Mi'irabawi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13.5|37.1667|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Scenery en route from Gondar to Shire - Tigray Province - Ethiopia - 02 (8698438949).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Tsegede.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2894601|Wolkait]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2902728|Mi'irabawi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13.75|37.333333|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Scenery en route from Gondar to Shire - Tigray Province - Ethiopia - 01 (8698440417).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Welkait.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3110195|Humera]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2902728|Mi'irabawi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|14.280556|36.611111|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Humera.png|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q3191840|Kafta Humera]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2902728|Mi'irabawi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|14|37|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Hillside Farm, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia (3134129470).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Kafta Humera.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q682810|Sekela]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.983333|37.216667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2354276|Finote Selam]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.7|37.2667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2823009|Achefer]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.6|36.9|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2824322|Yilmana Densa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.25|37.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2879292|Bahir Dar Zuria]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.5|37.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2928321|Bure Wemberma]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.6667|36.75|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|10.66667|36.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3021230|Dega Damot]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.85|37.6|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3022069|Dembecha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.566667|37.45|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3306257|Mecha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.416667|37.166667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.41667|37.16667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4998325|Bure, Gojjam]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.666667|36.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5248632|Debub Achefer]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.433333|36.85|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5581411|Goncha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.083333|37.583333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7449410|Semien Achefer]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.633333|36.916667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7982169|Wemberma]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070736|Mirab Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.633333|36.933333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q987235|Gimbi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.166667|35.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2875010|Ayra Guliso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9|35.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2893815|Begi, Oromia]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.383333|34.533333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2909148|Boji]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.25|35.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3106653|Gimbi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.133333|35.933333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3127995|Haru]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.916667|35.9|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3162805|Jarso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.333333|35.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3216542|Lalo Asabi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.166667|35.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3285143|Mana Sibu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.75|35|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3305771|Mendi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.8|35.1|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3337870|Nejo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.566667|35.433333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3342884|Nole Kaba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.75|35.583333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3573095|Yubdo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.966667|35.433333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4831646|Ayra]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.083333|35.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4837972|Babo Gambela]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.5|35.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4938667|Boji Chokorsa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.3|35.533333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4938669|Boji Dirmaji]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.416667|35.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5617682|Guliso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.166667|35.416667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5887305|Homa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.083333|35.7|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6408249|Kiltu Kara district]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.716667|35.266667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6428936|Kondala]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.35|34.7|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7429268|Sayo Nole]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.833333|35.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55612440|Genji]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1709377|Mirab Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9|35.616667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2399966|Baso Liben]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.1667|37.5833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2874652|Awabel]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.5|37.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2901588|Bibugn]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11|37.5833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3020793|Debay Telatgen]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.75|37.8333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3021379|Dejen]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.3333|38|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3053701|Enarj Enawga]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.8333|38.0833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3053710|Enbise Sar Midir]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.0833|38.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3054081|Enemay]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.6667|38|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3110437|Goncha Siso Enese]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.1667|38|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3122373|Gozamin]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.5|37.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3143013|Hulet Ej Enese]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.25|37.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3274259|Machakel]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.6667|37.3333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3481695|Shebel Berenta]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.5|38.1667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4761574|Aneded]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5248541|Debre Elias]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7521734|Sinan]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55719612|Debre Marqos]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070764|Misraq Gojjam Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2877864|Babille]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.666667|42.416667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2893566|Bedeno]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9|41.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3021070|Deder]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.25|41.3333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|9.25|41.33|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3067952|Fedis]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.83333|42|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3107593|Girawa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.91667|41.6667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3109968|Gola Oda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.41667|41.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3111366|Goro Gutu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.33333|41.1667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3120969|Gursum]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.333333|42.416667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3127565|Haro Maya]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.365278|41.987222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3162804|Jarso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.55|42.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3195516|Kersa, Hararge]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.25|41.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3198528|Kombolcha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.438611|42.121389|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3200537|Kurfa Chele]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.166667|41.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3282150|Malka Balo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.833333|41.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3307179|Meta]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.345556|41.5075|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5100089|Chinaksen]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6826583|Meyumuluke]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13146400|Gola Odana Meyumuluke]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55623083|Midega Tola]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.868889|42.123333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257632|Midhega Tola]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257648|Qumbii]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q740499|Bishoftu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.75|38.983333|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Lake Hora.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Bishoftu volcanic field.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2422429|Boset]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.66667|39.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2570767|Batu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.933333|38.716667|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Ethiopia central lakes.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2823862|Ada'a]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.583333|38.916667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2824040|Adama Zuria]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.45|39.283333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2824059|Adami Tullu and Jido Kombolcha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.75|38.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3041004|Dugda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.16667|38.8333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3068406|Fentale]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.75|39.83|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Ethiopie-Lac Basaka (1).jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q3106655|Gimbichu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.833333|39.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3258847|Lome]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.583333|39.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3319332|Mojo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.65|39.0833|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Tef in Ethiopia 01.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q4944247|Bora]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.3|38.966667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6540513|Liben]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.55|38.883333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56581277|Batu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q303892|Wama Bonaya]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8|37|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q376295|Nekemte]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.083333|36.55|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Nekemte.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q787088|Ibantu District]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10|36.583333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2902631|Bila Seyo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.16667|37|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3027724|Diga Leka]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.83333|36.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3105402|Gida Kiremu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.75|35.8333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3121423|Guto Wayu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.16667|36.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3178986|Jimma Arjo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.666667|36.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3178989|Jimma Horo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.33333|37.1667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3241124|Limmu District]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.833333|36.45|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3346443|Nunu Kumba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.75|36.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3473789|Sasiga]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.166667|36.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3482960|Sibu Sire]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.083333|36.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4941221|Bonaya Boshe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.916667|37|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5275497|Diga]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9|36.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5575602|Gobu Seyo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.1|36.966667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5621831|Guto Gida]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.25|36.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5659805|Haro Limmu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.833333|36.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6520555|Leka Dulecha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.9|36.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7966892|Wama Hagalo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.8|36.85|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7976892|Wayu Tuka]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.133333|36.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16965400|Gudeya Bila]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.333333|37|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56653589|Nekemte]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q116754025|Gida Ayana]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.833333|36.616667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q120359403|Kiremu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10|36.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257721|Kiramu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257741|Gobu Sayo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257747|Gudaya Bila]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257754|Gudaya Jare]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3027868|Dihun]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q131455831|Nogob]]'' | {{Coord|7.25|42.583333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3104011|Gerbo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1418676|Nogob Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.333333|43.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3477732|Segeg]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1418676|Nogob Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.5|42.6667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7403455|Salahad]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1418676|Nogob Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55610992|Erer Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.416667|42|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55604587|Ayun (woreda)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1418676|Nogob Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55613944|Hora-shagax]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1418676|Nogob Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131433801|Elwayne]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1418676|Nogob Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131433810|Hararey]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1418676|Nogob Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133891847|Gofa Zuria]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3478427|North Omo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.333333|36.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2829104|Akobo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q17108122|Nuer Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.916667|33.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3178655|Jikawo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q17108122|Nuer Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.25|33.8333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6488866|Lare]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q17108122|Nuer Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.316667|33.933333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7982975|Wentawo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q17108122|Nuer Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.333333|33.45|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q110104364|Makuey]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q17108122|Nuer Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.25|33.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24032928|Yaya Gulele]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | {{Coord|9.5|38.6|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257415|Aminyaa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257431|Baale Gasgar]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257435|Coole]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257438|Guuna]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257445|Roobe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q646859|Arsi Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257623|Dubuluk]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1109855|Borena Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257641|Goro Muti]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257671|Dire Xiyara]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3113831|Misraq Hararghe Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257685|Boora]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1109846|Misraq Shewa Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257763|Gida Kiramu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1109870|Misraq Welega Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257778|Dama]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257781|Aga Wayu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5617057|Guji Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124257814|Horo Buluq]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5904662|Horo Gudru Welega Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124260786|Botor Xolay]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124260799|Mancho]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124260802|Bacho]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124260808|Omo Beyan]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1109877|Jimma Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124260837|Heeban Arssi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124260861|Wando]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124284672|Cobii]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124314310|Debra Libanos]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2597088|Akaki]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7103766|Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]''<br/>[[Addis Ababa]] | {{Coord|8.75|38.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2832643|Sebeta Hawas]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7103766|Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]'' | {{Coord|8.75|38.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2896994|Bereh]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7103766|Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]'' | {{Coord|9.083333|39|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3139315|Holeta Genet]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7103766|Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]'' | {{Coord|9.05|38.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3327625|Sululta]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7103766|Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]'' | {{Coord|9.166667|38.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3476942|Sebeta]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7103766|Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5248635|Debub Mirab Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.916667|38.616667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3478522|Sendafa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7103766|Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]'' | {{Coord|9.15|39.0333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3565576|Walmara]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7103766|Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]'' | {{Coord|9.083333|38.55|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6934311|Mulo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7103766|Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]'' | {{Coord|9.333333|38.583333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56605479|Sebeta]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7103766|Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2865904|Artuma Fursina Jile]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q600081|Oromia Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.5|39.8333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2891333|Bati]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q600081|Oromia Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.3333|39.8333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.333333|39.833333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.33|39.83|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2962056|Chefe Golana Dewerahmedo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q600081|Oromia Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11|39.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3194987|Kamisee]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q600081|Oromia Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.716667|39.87|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4801577|Artuma Fursi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q600081|Oromia Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.4|40.15|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5242258|Dawa Harewa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q600081|Oromia Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.73|40.05|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6192660|Jile Timuga]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q600081|Oromia Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.19059|40.02182|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17037352|Dawa Chefe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q600081|Oromia Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.999944|39.757|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Chaffa.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q56627958|Kemise]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q600081|Oromia Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55757691|Amaro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q55757445|Segen Area Peoples Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.833333|37.9|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55757706|Burji]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q55757445|Segen Area Peoples Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.483333|37.866667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55757708|Derashe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q55757445|Segen Area Peoples Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.65|37.366667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2391483|Qwara]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12.5|35.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2824138|Addi Arkay]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13.6667|38|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2832403|Alefa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12.25|36.3333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.25|36.33333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2894304|Belessa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12.25|37.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2894614|Wegera]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13|37.6667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2899109|Chilga]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12.75|36.6667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2900447|Beyeda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13.5|38.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3011586|Dabat]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13.1667|37.6667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3020792|Debarq]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13.3333|37.6667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3022072|Dembiya]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12.6667|37.1667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3110446|Gondar Zuria]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12.6667|37.3333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3161614|Jan Amora]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12.983333|38.116667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3219954|Lay Armachiho]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13|37.1667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3307331|Metemma]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13|36.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3472289|Sanja]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13.3333|36.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6872258|Mirab Belessa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6875929|Misraq Belessa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7673687|Tach Armachiho]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7678612|Takusa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12.0324|36.9466|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7694682|Tegeda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7849508|Tselemt]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13.616667|38.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17094051|Mirab Armachiho]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20630077|Gondar]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12.6|37.466667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55720797|Kuara]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916380|Semien Gondar Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q568652|Medebay Zana]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7449411|Semien Mi'irabawi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|14|38.4167|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Ethiopie-Vallée des baobabs (6).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Medebay Zana.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2866634|Asigede Tsimbela]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7449411|Semien Mi'irabawi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|14|38|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Dogua Tembien.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Asgede Tsimbila.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3206235|La'ilay Adiyabo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7449411|Semien Mi'irabawi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|14.333333|38.25|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Ethiopie-Vallée des baobabs (7).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:La'ilay Adiyabo.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3513939|Tahtay Adiyabo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7449411|Semien Mi'irabawi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|14.3333|37.8333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3513942|Tahtay Koraro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7449411|Semien Mi'irabawi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|14.1667|38.25|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:TESFA trek (5499070386).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Tahtay Koraro.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3541485|Tselemti]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7449411|Semien Mi'irabawi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13.6667|38.1667|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:View from Daniel Korkor 032018.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Fáìlì:Tselemti.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56653696|Shiraro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7449411|Semien Mi'irabawi Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56653699|Shire]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7449411|Semien Mi'irabawi Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2849718|Angolalla Terana Asagirt]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.66667|39.3333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2850353|Ankober]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.75|39.6667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2857654|Antsokiyana Gemza]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.75|39.6667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2896993|Berehet]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.33333|39.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3020926|Basona Werana]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.83333|39.3333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|9.8333|39.3333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3049100|Efratana Gidim]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.5|39.6667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3103836|Gera Midirna Keya Gebriel]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.5|39.8333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3104466|Geshe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.75|39.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3125694|Hagere Mariamna Kesem]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.216667|39.4|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3195845|Kewet]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.1667|39.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3219955|Merhabete]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.083333|39.033333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3276482|Termaber]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.849722|39.7325|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3284756|Mam Midrina Lalo Midir]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.25|39.3333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3306002|Minjarna Shenkora]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.16667|39.3333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3323932|Moretna Jiru]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.95|39.2|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3485774|Ensaro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.83333|39|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4763758|Angolalla Tera]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4803321|Asagirt]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6817697|Menz Gera Midir]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6817699|Menz Keya Gebreal]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6817700|Menz Lalo Midir]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6817703|Menz Mam Midir]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6894976|Mojana Wadera]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.966667|39.633333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7533309|Siyadebrina Wayu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56489743|Fiche]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56611674|Debre Berhan]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070780|Semien Shewa Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q972313|Habru]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.75|39.6667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1529783|Wadla]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.8333|38.8333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2378407|Guba Lafto]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12|39.3333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2927733|Bugna]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12.3333|38.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3019273|Dawuntna Delant]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.75|39|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3105404|Gidan]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12.25|39.1667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3198140|Kobo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12.25|39.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3304812|Meket]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12|38.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5242718|Dawunt]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5253165|Delanta]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2919962|Debub Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.5932|39.2125|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6494931|Lasta]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12.038056|38.991611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56628071|Weldiya]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2916300|Semien Wollo Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q744673|Gode]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.95|43.55|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3013297|Danan]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.75|43.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3068770|Ferfer]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.25|45|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3109692|Gode]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.166667|43.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3194834|Kelafo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.333333|44.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3328887|Mustahil]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.416667|44.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4678347|Adadle]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.5|43.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6003977|Imiberi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.666667|42.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30674531|Beercaano]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124289923|Elele]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124289929|Abaaqoorow]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1435849|Shabelle Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1266796|Ambo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.983333|37.85|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Ambo ethiopia steffenwurzel.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q2824131|Adda Berga]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.25|38.416667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2842131|Ambo Zuria]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9|37.916667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2880302|Bako Tibe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9|37.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2962195|Cheliya]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9|37.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3015333|Dano]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.733333|37.283333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3022296|Dendi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.916667|38.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3049548|Ejerie]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9|38.416667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3106713|Ginde Beret]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.5|37.8333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3176850|Jeldu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.25|38|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3307182|Meta Robi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.416667|38.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3343374|Nono]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.5|37.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3528408|Tikur Enchini]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.833333|37.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4670620|Abuna Ginde Beret]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.616667|37.966667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5359876|Elfata]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.166667|37.916667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6192004|Jibat]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.716667|37.466667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6841084|Midakegn]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.133333|37.533333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7813527|Toke Kutaye]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9|37.7|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55609664|Dire Enchini]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124284686|Liban Jawwi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1109833|West Shewa Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1067163|Tepi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7493221|Sheka Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.2|35.416667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3572097|Yeki]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7493221|Sheka Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.266667|35.416667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6783045|Masha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7493221|Sheka Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.75|35.466667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6783048|Masha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7493221|Sheka Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.733333|35.483333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16251171|Anderacha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7493221|Sheka Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.566667|35.4|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q784515|Yaya Gulelena Debre Liban]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]'' | {{Coord|9.583333|38.633333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2821604|Abichuna Gne'a]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]'' | {{Coord|9.633333|39.283333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3023542|Dera]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]'' | {{Coord|10.166667|38.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3073074|Fiche]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]'' | {{Coord|9.8|38.7333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3100103|Degem]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]'' | {{Coord|9.75|38.583333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3103930|Gerar Jarso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]'' | {{Coord|9.833333|38.766667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3135217|Hidabu Abote]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]'' | {{Coord|9.833333|38.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3194974|Kembibit]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]'' | {{Coord|9.416667|39.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3200732|Kuyu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]'' | {{Coord|9.75|38.416667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3566240|Wara Jarso]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]'' | {{Coord|9.95|38.2|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3570146|Wuchale]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]'' | {{Coord|9.416667|38.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4716049|Aleltu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]'' | {{Coord|9.25|39.083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5248544|Debre Libanos]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]'' | {{Coord|9.666667|38.833333|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Canyon, Debre Libanos, Ethiopia - panoramio - MarcD..jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q6192157|Jido]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]'' | {{Coord|9.416667|39.083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126037817|Shararo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q930894|Aroresa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]'' | {{Coord|6.333333|39|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2832860|Aleta Wendo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]'' | {{Coord|6.583333|38.433333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2859634|Arbegona]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]'' | {{Coord|6.666667|38.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2874668|Awasa Zuria]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]'' | {{Coord|7|38.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2896693|Bensa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]'' | {{Coord|6.5|38.8333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3012279|Dale]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]'' | {{Coord|6.75|38.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3015970|Dara]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]'' | {{Coord|6.5|38.4167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3142991|Hula]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]'' | {{Coord|6.58333|38.5833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3481692|Shebedino]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]'' | {{Coord|6.833333|38.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4941052|Bona Zuria]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]'' | {{Coord|6.5|38.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4945120|Boricha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]'' | {{Coord|6.916667|38.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5000548|Bursa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]'' | {{Coord|6.6|38.583333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5091869|Chere]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]'' | {{Coord|6.5|39|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5116034|Chuko]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]'' | {{Coord|6.6|38.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5584573|Gorche]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]'' | {{Coord|6.833333|38.6|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6743190|Malga]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]'' | {{Coord|6.916667|38.633333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7982955|Wensho]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]'' | {{Coord|6.75|38.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q8031941|Wondo Genet]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]'' | {{Coord|7.066667|38.616667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17046109|Loko Abaya]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070673|Sidama Region]]'' | {{Coord|6.666667|38.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3012537|Dalocha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.75|38.3|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3217166|Lanfro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.75|38.416667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3483940|Silte]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.916667|38.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3569881|Worabe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.85|38.183333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4726216|Alicho Werero]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8|38.2|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6872256|Mirab Azernet Berbere]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.75|37.916667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6875925|Misraq Azernet Berbere]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.783333|38|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7418776|Sankurra]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.583333|38.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q8039151|Wulbareg]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.75|38.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126013611|Tora]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.86|38.42|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126013805|Kibet]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]'' | {{Coord|8.024722|38.328611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126085684|Mito]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.666667|38.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126086983|Misraq Silti]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7515593|Silt'e Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.916667|38.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q289859|Ayesha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2279103|Sitti Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.75|42.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2825709|Afdem]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2279103|Sitti Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.25|41.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3022070|Dembel]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2279103|Sitti Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.833333|42.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3056135|Erer]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2279103|Sitti Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.75|41.416667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3312793|Mieso, Somali]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2279103|Sitti Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.5|40.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3482214|Shinile]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2279103|Sitti Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.75|42|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56153235|Hadhagaale]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2279103|Sitti Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.333333|42.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56153242|Geblalu]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2279103|Sitti Zone]]'' | {{Coord|10.666667|41.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56153244|Gota biki]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2279103|Sitti Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.666667|41.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124289941|Shabeeley]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202800|Somali Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.1|42.8|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124289947|Harawo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202800|Somali Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1688972|Fafan Zone]]'' | {{Coord|9.8|42.966667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2920079|Fogera]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.9667|37.6833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3023544|Dera]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.75|37.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3046799|Ebenat]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12.1667|38.0833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3058857|Este]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.6667|38.1667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3067029|Farta]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12|38|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3194976|Kemekem]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12.3333|37.6667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.33|37.67|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3219956|Lay Gayint]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12|38.3333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3484086|Simada]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.5|38.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3513588|Tach Gayint]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.75|38.3333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6872259|Mirab Este]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.383333|37.9|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6875931|Misraq Este]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]'' | {{Coord|11.583333|38.083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56605421|Debre Tabor]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070727|South Gondar Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3021287|Dehana]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070687|Wag Hemra Zone]]'' | {{Coord|12.6667|38.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3491118|Soqota]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070687|Wag Hemra Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13|38.8333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3575528|Zikuala]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070687|Wag Hemra Zone]]'' | {{Coord|13.1667|38.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5529030|Gazbibla]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070687|Wag Hemra Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7446487|Sehala]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070687|Wag Hemra Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56611617|Soqota]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1070687|Wag Hemra Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q662736|Seraro]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3478428|Shewa]]'' | {{Coord|7.166667|38.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q731020|Shashamane]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.2|38.583333|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Shashemene.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q2381608|Adaba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | {{Coord|7|39.5|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2864413|Arsi Negele]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | {{Coord|7.33333|38.6667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3033674|Dodola]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.983333|39.183333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3033676|Dodola]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.833333|39.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3100056|Gedeb Hassasa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.166667|39.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3198251|Kofele]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202107|Oromia Region]]'' | {{Coord|7.066667|38.833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3198395|Kokosa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.833333|38.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3338054|Nensebo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.583333|39.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3481547|Shashamene Zuria]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.25|38.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6431569|Kore]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.25|39|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7487115|Shala]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6872255|West Arsi Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.333333|38.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3100263|Abaya]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q98270614|West Guji Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.333333|38.083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3125691|Bule Hora]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q98270614|West Guji Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.583333|38.333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5312499|Dugda Dawa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q98270614|West Guji Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.383333|38.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5530360|Gelana]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q98270614|West Guji Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6|38|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5644196|Hambela Wamena]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q98270614|West Guji Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6|38.416667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6393737|Kercha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q98270614|West Guji Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.783333|38.4|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20622016|Malka Soda]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q98270614|West Guji Zone]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3032672|Maji]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q110078103|West Omo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.916667|35.666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3505376|Surma]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q110078103|West Omo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|5.95|35.25|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16254391|Bero]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q110078103|West Omo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.333333|35.166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17044358|Meinit Goldiya]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q110078103|West Omo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.8|35.866667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17073740|Meinit Shasha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q110078103|West Omo Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.583333|35.75|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q965112|Boditi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.952778|37.855556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2909507|Boloso Sore]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.08333|37.6667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3012969|Damot Gale]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.966667|37.9|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3012972|Damot Weyde]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.9224|37.9506|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Damot Weyide.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q3143230|Humbo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.666667|37.716667|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Humbo District.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q3196964|Kindo Koysha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.9252|37.5767|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Bale Hawaasa Ambbaa ogiya.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q3349510|Oofa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.7088|37.5458|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Ofa District.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q3488785|Sodo Zuria]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.833333|37.75|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Sooddo Yuushuwa.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q4788771|Areka]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.066667|37.7|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Araka.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q4940000|Boloso Bombe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.083333|37.583333|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Boloso Bombe District.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q5212917|Damot Pulasa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.033333|37.833333|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Daamoota Pullaasa.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q5212918|Damot Sore]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.95|37.65|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Daamota Soore.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q5276377|Diguna Fango]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.962913|37.997593|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Diguna Fango,.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q6410633|Kindo Didaye]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.75|37.333333|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Kindo Didaye Coal.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q91353166|Bedessa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.880308|37.93361|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108166787|Gununo]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.927569|37.652715|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Gununo city view.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q108239161|Tabala]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.706667|37.769444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108293179|Gesuba]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.724167|37.556667|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Gasuba.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q108649302|Bayra Koysha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.80696|37.605|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Bayra Koysha.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q108649303|Kawo Koysha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.7646|37.4495|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108649310|Abala Abaya]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.616667|37.85|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Abala Abaya 02.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q109284466|Hobicha]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|6.76511|37.87588|display=inline}} | [[Fáìlì:Hobicha District Land form.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q109286637|Bombe]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q8029709|Wolayita Zone]]'' | {{Coord|7.138696|37.581116|display=inline}} | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} ik47kyze501f1s4nopx15ge7lnd5il8 2 67199 624779 623089 2026-07-01T20:14:36Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 624779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q2424478 } |section= |sort=P131 |sort_order=asca |columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! In administrative entity ! Geo Coordinate ! Image ! Locator map image |- | ''[[:d:Q2863841|Koumbal Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | | {{Coord|14.016682|-16.033274|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2864029|Arrondissement de Sibassor]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | | {{Coord|14.2541|-16.2393|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55613135|Guédiawaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | | {{Coord|14.779994|-17.389353|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126225896|Tendouk]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | | {{Coord|12.7304|-16.5502|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863702|Bala Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q429338|Bakel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q848554|Tambacounda Region]]'' | {{Coord|14.019272|-13.165419|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863738|Bélé arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q429338|Bakel]]'' | {{Coord|14.533387|-14.966638|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5272181|Diawara Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q429338|Bakel]]'' | {{Coord|15.018619|-12.544048|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6404758|Kidira Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q429338|Bakel]]'' | {{Coord|14.45876|-12.213366|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863698|Baba Garage Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2067986|Bambey Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.941177|-16.489492|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863843|Lambaye Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2067986|Bambey Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.802293|-16.536327|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863924|Ngoye Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2067986|Bambey Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.641799|-16.43481|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Bambey arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2863825|Kataba I Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2087854|Bignona Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q822692|Ziguinchor Region]]'' | {{Coord|13.025|-16.574306|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Bignona arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2864032|Sindian Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2087854|Bignona Department]]'' | {{Coord|12.9635|-16.186694|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Bignona arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2864049|Tenghori Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2087854|Bignona Department]]'' | {{Coord|12.806889|-16.205222|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Bignona arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2864050|Tendouck Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2087854|Bignona Department]]'' | {{Coord|12.725972|-16.460278|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Bignona arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5279641|Diouloulou Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2087854|Bignona Department]]'' | {{Coord|13.042972|-16.598222|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Bignona arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2863720|arrondissement de Boghal]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066229|Bounkiling Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q589848|Sédhiou]]'' | {{Coord|35.912781|2.713998|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863722|Bona arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066229|Bounkiling Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q589848|Sédhiou]]'' | {{Coord|12.9567|-15.8392|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863767|arrondissement de Diaroumé]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066229|Bounkiling Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q589848|Sédhiou]]'' | {{Coord|12.984287|-15.61633|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863881|Mbane Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q178872|Saint-Louis]]'' | {{Coord|16.266745|-15.795316|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863910|Ndiaye Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]'' | {{Coord|15.805219|-16.074564|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7369151|Ross-Bethio Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q3044632|Dagana Department]]'' | {{Coord|16.278903|-16.141002|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Dagana arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q389176|Parcelles Assainies Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.75|-17.45|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Dakar communes d'arrondissement.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2863759|Plateau/Gorée Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.683333|-17.45|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Dakar Plateau Arrdt localisation.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2863803|Grand Dakar Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.70417|-17.45333|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Dakar communes d'arrondissement.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2864093|Almadies Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066372|Dakar Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.725|-17.483333|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Dakar Almadies Arrdt.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q930174|Ndindy Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2068102|Diourbel Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.895639|-16.203806|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Diourbel arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2863921|Ndoulo Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856261|Diourbel Region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068102|Diourbel Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.742778|-16.109167|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Diourbel arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q579725|Diakhao Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2068250|Fatick Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.46305|-16.290475|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Fatick arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2863788|Fimela Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2068250|Fatick Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.131306|-16.661556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|14.1319|-16.7871|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863926|Niakhar Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2068250|Fatick Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.48|-16.4|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Fatick arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2864046|Tattaguine Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2068250|Fatick Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.423444|-16.600444|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Fatick arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q117805140|Ndiob Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2068250|Fatick Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.54|-16.2575|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q580461|Toubacouta Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2068339|Foundiougne Department]]'' | {{Coord|13.778472|-16.467694|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Foundiougne arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2863777|Djilor Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2068339|Foundiougne Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.060417|-16.33475|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Foundiougne arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2863934|Niodior Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2068339|Foundiougne Department]]'' | {{Coord|13.85775|-16.722167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863756|Colobane Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2068411|Gossas Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.644444|-15.708333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863943|Ouadiour Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2068411|Gossas Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.437778|-16.056667|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Gossas arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6347125|Kahone Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2068411|Gossas Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.155177|-16.037374|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126224046|Bouinguel Bamba]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2075487|Goudiry Department]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126224185|Dianké Makan]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | ''[[:d:Q2075487|Goudiry Department]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863773|Djibanar arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066279|Goudomp Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q589848|Sédhiou]]'' | {{Coord|12.5206|-15.6853|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863824|Karantaba arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066279|Goudomp Department]]'' | {{Coord|12.773722|-15.476611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2864030|arrondissement de Simbandi Brassou]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066279|Goudomp Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q589848|Sédhiou]]'' | {{Coord|12.659261|-15.381506|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863877|Mbadakhoune Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q932767|Guinguinéo Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.205905|-15.94993|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863923|Nguélou Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q932767|Guinguinéo Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.355132|-15.875521|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863807|Guédiawaye]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q957409|Guédiawaye Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.780118|-17.389482|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130494847|Arrondissement de Sam Notaire]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q957409|Guédiawaye Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.770833|-17.408194|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130494848|Arrondissement de Wakhinane Nimzatt]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q957409|Guédiawaye Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.779333|-17.379944|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2370525|Mabo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q1059694|Kaffrine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068509|Kaffrine Department]]'' | {{Coord|13.913735|-15.667534|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863820|Ida Mouride]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q1059694|Kaffrine]]'' | {{Coord|13.992251|-14.665736|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863827|Katakel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q1059694|Kaffrine]]'' | {{Coord|14.020492|-15.478557|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863830|Keur Mboucki Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q1059694|Kaffrine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2068509|Kaffrine Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.137496|-15.83033|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863855|Lour Escale]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q1059694|Kaffrine]]'' | {{Coord|14.336297|-14.717664|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863886|Missirah Wadene]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q1059694|Kaffrine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q929723|Koungheul Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.144289|-14.99058|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863995|Sagna]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q1059694|Kaffrine]]'' | {{Coord|14.150129|-15.253602|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55902603|Katakel]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q1059694|Kaffrine]]'' | {{Coord|14.020432|-15.478538|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863797|Gniby Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2068509|Kaffrine Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.431467|-15.655144|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6743069|Malem-Hodar Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2068509|Kaffrine Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.088668|-15.293823|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6361966|Kanel Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]'' | {{Coord|15.016441|-13.138526|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7449701|Semme Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2085269|Kanel Department]]'' | {{Coord|15.200825|-12.945001|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863911|Ndiedieng Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2082914|Kaolack]]'' | {{Coord|13.949826|-16.150015|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5520746|Gandiaye Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2082914|Kaolack]]'' | {{Coord|14.244551|-16.272663|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Kaolack arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6983775|Ndoffane Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2082914|Kaolack]]'' | {{Coord|14.485584|-16.274148|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2370894|Yeumbeul Arrondissement]]'' | Abúlé ni orílẹ̀-èdè senegal | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q3195628|Keur Massar Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.776111|-17.3575|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130141330|Jaxaay Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q3195628|Keur Massar Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.768333|-17.295278|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130141494|Malika Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q3195628|Keur Massar Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.791111|-17.3275|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863775|Dioulacolon Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2084154|Kolda Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q738081|Kolda]]'' | {{Coord|12.823031|-14.871019|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863869|Mampatim Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2084154|Kolda Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q738081|Kolda]]'' | {{Coord|12.8774|-14.4776|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2864020|Saré Bidji Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2084154|Kolda Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q738081|Kolda]]'' | {{Coord|12.917866|-15.008236|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5207521|Dabo Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2084154|Kolda Department]]'' | {{Coord|12.8774|-14.4776|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126223625|Bamba Tialene]]'' | | [[Tógò]] | ''[[:d:Q2086832|Koumpentoum Department]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6738563|Maka-Yop Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q929723|Koungheul Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.032953|-15.023473|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17007590|Koungheul Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q929723|Koungheul Department]]'' | {{Coord|13.980182|-14.801631|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863916|Ndande Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2086510|Kébémer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]'' | {{Coord|15.276878|-16.526206|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863999|Sagata Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2086510|Kébémer]]'' | {{Coord|15.281996|-16.171317|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Kebemer arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2863700|Bandafassi Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2083190|Kédougou Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1046666|Kedougou Region]]'' | {{Coord|12.53875|-12.310535|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863789|Fongolimbi Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2083190|Kédougou Department]]'' | {{Coord|12.424944|-11.998389|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863707|Barkedji Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2084742|Linguère]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]'' | {{Coord|15.277507|-14.866446|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863779|Dodji arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2084742|Linguère]]'' | {{Coord|15.534203|-14.949104|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Linguere arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2863994|Sagatta Dioloff]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2084742|Linguère]]'' | {{Coord|15.741179|-15.602519|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2864091|Yang-Yang Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2084742|Linguère]]'' | {{Coord|15.589299|-15.343834|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5208951|Sagata Djolof Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2084742|Linguère]]'' | {{Coord|15.21332|-15.57419|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Linguere arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2863752|Arrondissement de Coki]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]'' | {{Coord|15.5205|-16.0462|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863762|Darou Mousti Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2086510|Kébémer]]'' | {{Coord|15.043003|-16.046471|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863836|Keur Momar Sarr Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q1976570|Louga Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]'' | {{Coord|15.925732|-15.96637|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863882|Mbediene Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q1976570|Louga Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]'' | {{Coord|15.509362|-16.200952|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2864014|Sakal Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q1976570|Louga Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q738061|Louga]]'' | {{Coord|15.600056|-16.066453|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Louga arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q17007524|Koki Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q1976570|Louga Department]]'' | {{Coord|15.499952|-15.984087|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863783|Fissel Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2086960|M'bour Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.540556|-16.615972|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:M'bour arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2864033|Sindia]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2086960|M'bour Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.582778|-17.035|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2864042|Séssène Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2086960|M'bour Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.428056|-16.747778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7783813|Thiadiaye Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2086960|M'bour Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.42231|-16.702845|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:M'bour arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q17012525|Nguékhokh arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2086960|M'bour Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.518001|-17.00965|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:M'bour arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2863763|Darou Minam Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2075437|Malem Hodar Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.511844|-15.242782|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863696|Agnam Civol]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]'' | {{Coord|16.006939|-13.68779|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863939|Ogo]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]'' | {{Coord|15.552257|-13.29674|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863940|Orkadiere Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]'' | {{Coord|15.281494|-12.963771|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2864084|Arrondissement de Vélingara]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]'' | {{Coord|15.108|-14.143|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2864088|Wouro Sidy Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q856275|Matam]]'' | {{Coord|15.416754|-13.183043|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7111306|Ourossogui Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2085162|Matam]]'' | {{Coord|15.604396|-13.320623|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Matam arrondissement.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2863828|Kael Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2068182|Mbacké Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.6705|-15.8988|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863913|Ndame Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2068182|Mbacké Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.7738|-15.895812|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Mbacke arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2864045|Taïf Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2068182|Mbacké Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q856261|Diourbel Region]]'' | {{Coord|14.788119|-15.650934|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863782|Fafacourou Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2082655|Médina Yoro Foulah Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q738081|Kolda]]'' | {{Coord|13.065226|-14.557225|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863915|Ndorna arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2082655|Médina Yoro Foulah Department]]'' | {{Coord|13.159273|-15.02993|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863927|Niaming arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2082655|Médina Yoro Foulah Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q738081|Kolda]]'' | {{Coord|14.343925|-16.928414|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863903|Medina Sabakh Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2083026|Nioro du Rip Department]]'' | {{Coord|13.599611|-15.580318|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863950|Paoskoto Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2083026|Nioro du Rip Department]]'' | {{Coord|13.786121|-15.799399|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2864086|Wack Ngouna Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2083026|Nioro du Rip Department]]'' | {{Coord|13.7582|-16.0628|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863826|Cabrousse Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2087689|Oussouye Department]]'' | {{Coord|12.359722|-16.707667|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Oussouye arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2863850|Loudia Ouolof Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2087689|Oussouye Department]]'' | {{Coord|12.515333|-16.600944|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Oussouye arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2863758|Dagoudane Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.757694|-17.400389|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2864051|Thiaroye Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.74575|-17.330139|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2864094|Niayes Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q255486|Pikine Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.79087|-17.326005|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863743|Cas-Cas Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]'' | {{Coord|16.384224|-14.062372|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Podor arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2863791|Gamadji Saré Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]'' | {{Coord|16.518542|-14.712689|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Podor arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2864012|Salde arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]'' | {{Coord|16.164724|-13.884037|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Podor arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2864056|Thille Boubacar Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]'' | {{Coord|16.516894|-15.092264|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Podor arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6983760|Ndioum Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066068|Podor Department]]'' | {{Coord|16.510344|-14.649294|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7784194|Thilogne Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2085443|Ranérou Ferlo Department]]'' | {{Coord|15.965022|-13.594208|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863992|Rufisque arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.711944|-17.267778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2864015|Sangalkam Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.777778|-17.225278|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5270700|Diamniadio Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.720556|-17.183333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97365573|Arrondissement de Bambilor]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2067770|Rufisque Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.8328|-17.2269|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q733852|Rao Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066134|Saint-Louis Department]]'' | {{Coord|15.921201|-16.397777|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Saint-Louis arrondissement.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2863760|Dakateli arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2075446|Salémata Department]]'' | {{Coord|12.46678|-12.649551|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863761|Dar Salam Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2075446|Salémata Department]]'' | {{Coord|12.629306|-12.790472|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2388727|Bembou arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q942594|Saraya Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1046666|Kedougou Region]]'' | {{Coord|12.828372|-11.877551|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863993|Sabodala arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q942594|Saraya Department]]'' | {{Coord|13.162835|-12.111933|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863770|Diende Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066333|Sédhiou Department]]'' | {{Coord|12.789594|-15.557676|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863772|Djibabouya arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066333|Sédhiou Department]]'' | {{Coord|12.794917|-15.970167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863774|Djiredji arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066333|Sédhiou Department]]'' | {{Coord|12.659822|-15.741479|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5272152|Diattacounda Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066333|Sédhiou Department]]'' | {{Coord|12.562025|-15.683574|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6773211|Marsassoum Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066333|Sédhiou Department]]'' | {{Coord|12.836416|-15.977168|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7682207|Tanaff Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2066333|Sédhiou Department]]'' | {{Coord|12.653737|-15.423947|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Sedhiou arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2392138|Missirah arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2086236|Tambacounda]]'' | {{Coord|13.68117|-16.499306|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863834|Koussanar Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2086236|Tambacounda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q848554|Tambacounda Region]]'' | {{Coord|13.863998|-14.081383|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863866|Makacolibantang Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2086236|Tambacounda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q848554|Tambacounda Region]]'' | {{Coord|14.165311|-16.125789|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863699|Bamba Thialène]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q848554|Tambacounda Region]]'' | {{Coord|13.802714|-14.544095|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863729|Boynguel Bamba]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q848554|Tambacounda Region]]'' | {{Coord|14.0966|-12.9368|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863768|Dianké Makha]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q848554|Tambacounda Region]]'' | {{Coord|13.67707|-12.661016|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863833|Koulor]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q848554|Tambacounda Region]]'' | {{Coord|14.322321|-13.142587|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863835|Kouthiaba Wolof]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q848554|Tambacounda Region]]'' | {{Coord|14.182015|-14.463415|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863838|Arrondissement de Kéniaba]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q848554|Tambacounda Region]]'' | {{Coord|13.86|-12.08|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863899|Arrondissement de Moudéry]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q848554|Tambacounda Region]]'' | {{Coord|14.8598|-12.4222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q939161|Notto Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.699167|-16.879583|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863832|Keur Moussa Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.778333|-17.110417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2864053|Thiès Nord arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.8005|-16.926972|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2864055|Thiès Sud arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.781944|-16.927222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2864063|Thienaba Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.763611|-16.799167|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Thies arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7235763|Pout Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2087146|Thiès Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.767337|-17.062827|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Thies arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2863906|Meouane arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2087361|Tivaouane Department]]'' | {{Coord|15.07825|-16.760111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863909|Merina Dakhar Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2087361|Tivaouane Department]]'' | {{Coord|15.104611|-16.550139|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863929|Niakhene Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2087361|Tivaouane Department]]'' | {{Coord|15.078194|-16.348417|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863949|Pambal Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2087361|Tivaouane Department]]'' | {{Coord|14.969944|-16.899861|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Tivaouane arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2863726|Bonconto Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2084519|Vélingara Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q738081|Kolda]]'' | {{Coord|13.017722|-13.804093|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863947|Pakour Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2084519|Vélingara Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q738081|Kolda]]'' | {{Coord|12.760021|-13.960351|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2864021|Saré Coly Sallé Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2084519|Vélingara Department]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q738081|Kolda]]'' | {{Coord|13.077697|-14.056154|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6434648|Kounkane Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2084519|Vélingara Department]]'' | {{Coord|12.929991|-14.079838|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2863922|Niaguis Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2087556|Ziguinchor Department]]'' | {{Coord|12.57|-16.164139|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Ziguinchor arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2863937|Nyassia Arrondissement]]'' | | [[Senegal|Sẹ̀nẹ̀gàl]] | ''[[:d:Q2087556|Ziguinchor Department]]'' | {{Coord|12.472778|-16.374583|display=inline}} | | [[Fáìlì:Ziguinchor arrondissements.png|center|128px]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} 7ir6fgd44cc8qjioy9ww9d4e0r5d65p 0 67387 624759 612041 2026-07-01T19:36:49Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 624759 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ọdún Ògún''' jẹ́ ayẹyẹ ọdọọdún tí áwọn ènìyàn [[Yorùbá]] [[ìpínlẹ̀ Oǹdó]], [[Nàìjíríà]] máa ń ṣe fún bíbu iyì fún Ògún, jagunjagun àti irúnmọlẹ̀ oníṣẹ́ irin tí àwọn [[Yorùbá]] gbà pé òun ni òrìṣà tí ó kọ́kọ́ dé ilé ayé.<ref name="Facts.ng 2014">{{cite web | title=The Ogun Festival » Facts.ng | website=Facts.ng | date=2014-09-23 | url=https://www.facts.ng/culture/festivals/the-ogun-festival/ | access-date=2018-11-26 | archive-date=2019-09-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917010420/https://www.facts.ng/culture/festivals/the-ogun-festival/ | dead-url=yes }}</ref> ===Ìtàn rẹ̀=== Gẹ́gẹ́ bíi ìgbàgbọ́ àwọn Yorùbá, Ògún jẹ́ ọba ó sì jẹ́ bàbá Ọ̀rànmíyàn òun sì tún ni ènìyàn àkọ́kọ́ láti dé sí ilé ayé; Ó sàmúlò àdá àti ajá láti yẹ ọ̀nà fún àwọn Irúnmọlẹ̀ yòókù láti kọjá. Òun ni wọ́n tún sọ pé ó ṣe ìkádìí iṣẹ́ lára àwọn ènìyàn àkọ́kọ́ tí Ọbàtálá dá, Òòṣà aṣẹ̀dá àwọn Yorùbá. Ọdún rẹ̀ máa ń sáábà wáyé láàrin oṣù kẹjọ tàbí oṣù kẹsàn-án ní ìpínlẹ̀ Oǹdó àti àwọn apá ibìkan ní [[ìpínlẹ̀ Èkìtì]] ===Ìpalẹ̀mọ́ rẹ̀=== Ìpalẹ̀mọ́ fún ayẹyẹ ọdún bẹ̀rẹ̀ láti ó ku ìtàdógún, àwòrò Ògún yóò kéde rírí oṣù tuntun (èyí tí wọ́n gbọ́dọ̀ rí kí wọ́n tó lè bẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún) nípa fífọn ùpé (fèrè ìbílẹ̀) fún ọjọ́ méje. Ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti rí oṣù tuntun, ọba yóò rán ikọ̀ lọ láti lọ kéde ayẹyẹ ọdún. Lára ìpalẹ̀mọ́ fún ọdún ni títún afárá ṣe àti yíyẹ ọ̀nà. Ọdún ń tẹ̀ síwájú pẹ̀lú àìsùn Ìlagùn, Asorò tàbí àìsùn Ògún tí ó máa ń wáyé ní ọjọ́ Ògún ku ọ̀tunla. Àwọn alágbẹ̀dẹ ìlú Ifẹ̀ yóò kó àdá tuntun, ọkọ́ àti saworo wá, wọ́n ó sì fi ẹfọ́n, owó ẹyọ àti àwọn nǹkan mìíràn ṣe ẹwà sí ojúbọ. Wọ́n á ta ọtí sí òòṣà, wọ́n á jó yíká ojúbọ wọ́n á sì wúre. Wọ́n á pèsè ajá fún ìrúbọ.<ref name="ZODML 2017">{{cite web | title=Ogun Festival | website=ZODML | date=2017-10-04 | url=https://zodml.org/discover-nigeria/heritage-and-culture/ogun-festival | access-date=2018-11-26 | archive-date=2018-01-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113094440/https://zodml.org/discover-nigeria/heritage-and-culture/ogun-festival | dead-url=yes }}</ref> ===Ọdún ga-an=== Ọjọ́ mẹ́ta tí ó gbẹ̀yìn ọdún yìí máa ń lágbára. Àkọ́kọ́ nínú ọjọ́ yìí ni wọ́n a pa ajá tí ó jẹ́ kókó ọdún náà. Ènìyàn méjì yóò fa ajá náà bí ẹni pé wọ́n ń fà á mọ́ ara wọn lọ́wọ́ wọ́n á jẹ́ kí ẹ̀mí rẹ̀ máa lọ díẹ̀díẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ìnira. Ìgbà mírán àwòrò Ògún yóò fi àdá bẹ́ ajá yìí kí ó tó kú fúnra rẹ̀. Wọ́n á po ẹ̀jẹ̀ ajá yìí pọ̀ pẹ̀lú iyọ̀, orógbó, ẹmu àti [[epo]] pupa wọ́n á dàá sí orí irinṣẹ́ àwọn olùsìn rẹ̀ èyí tí wọ́n ti kó sínú abọ́ kan; wọ́n gbàgbọ́ pé èyí kòní jẹ́ kí wọ́n rí ìyọnu tí yóò sì tún mú wọn jẹ èrè tabua. Ògún ni bàbá àwọn tí wọ́n ń sàmúlò irin nínú iṣẹ́ òòjọ́ wọn, bíi alágbẹ̀dẹ, awakọ̀, mẹkálíìkì àti àwọn oníṣẹ́ abẹ. Ọdún tún lè wáyé ní ibikíbi bí ó ṣe jẹ́ pé àwòrò máa ń ṣe ọdún yìí ní [[Àbújá]] ní ìgbà míràn láìtẹ̀lé àṣẹ ìtàdógún tí wọ́n máa ń lò {{ẹ̀kúnrẹ́rẹ́}} ===Àwọn ìtọ́ka sí=== adt53oaj9t4gz3tbmblnu8i3vjgcccq 2 67880 624796 623829 2026-07-01T20:31:53Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 624796 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://tools.wmflabs.org/reasonator/?q=Q69092328 Fellows of the Nigerian National Academy of Sciences] {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT DISTINCT ?item (COUNT(DISTINCT ?publications) AS ?count) (REPLACE(STR(?item), ".*Q", "Q") AS ?qid) (CONCAT( "[[toolforge:scholia/author/", ?qid , "|", ENCODE_FOR_URI(?count), "]] / ", "[[toolforge:scholia/author/", ?qid , "/missing{{!}}📖]]") AS ?scholia) WHERE { ?item wdt:P166 wd:Q69092328 . OPTIONAL { ?publications wdt:P50 ?item } } GROUP BY ?item|section= |sort=P166/Q69092328/P585 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,P106,P496,P1960,P214,P166/Q69092328/P585:Date conferred,P18:Image,?scholia:Publications (known/missing) |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! iṣẹ́ oòjọ́ rẹ̀ ! ORCID iD ! Google Scholar author ID ! VIAF ID ! Date conferred ! Image ! Publications (known/missing) |- | ''[[:d:Q21005784|Oluwole B. Familoni]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5480-232X 0000-0002-5480-232X] | | | 2015 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21005784|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21005784/missing|📖]] |- | [[Mojisola Adeyeye]] | ''[[:d:Q105186|pharmacist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | | 2016 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858251|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858251/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q51858371|Musbau Adewumi Akanji]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4476-454X 0000-0003-4476-454X] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ScOP4eEAAAAJ ScOP4eEAAAAJ] | | 2016 | [[Fáìlì:FUT.Minna Prof. Musbau A. Akanji.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858371|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858371/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q51858431|Joseph Eberendu Ahaneku]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | 2014 | [[Fáìlì:Joseph Ahaneku.png|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858431|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858431/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q51858437|Michael Umale Adikwu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]'' | | | | 2009 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858437|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858437/missing|📖]] |- | [[Deborah Ajakaiye]] | ''[[:d:Q12094958|geophysicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/4616798 4616798] | 1980 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16105317|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16105317/missing|📖]] |- | [[Jubril Aminu|Jibril Aminu]] | [[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q193391|diplomat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3264451|cardiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/72930256 72930256] | 1992 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6301957|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6301957/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q30090012|Oye Gureje]]'' | ''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0094-5947 0000-0003-0094-5947] | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/311810867 311810867] | 2013 | [[Fáìlì:POG.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30090012|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30090012/missing|📖]] |- | [[Catherine Falade]] | [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-6033 0000-0003-4755-6033] | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/316552768 316552768] | 2016 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55176086|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55176086/missing|📖]] |- | [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] | [[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7888586|chemical engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/27963581 27963581] | 2020 | [[Fáìlì:Ogbonnaya Onu - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q13655513|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q13655513/missing|📖]] |- | [[Alexander Animalu]] | ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WYCcrnkAAAAJ WYCcrnkAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/viaf/36492346 36492346] | 1980 | [[Fáìlì:Alexander Animalu.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4718223|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4718223/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q54313807|Thomas Adesanya Ige Grillo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54313807|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54313807/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111982496|Adenike Oladiji]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | 2020 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111982496|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111982496/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4865269|Bartholomew O. Nnaji]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/113602104 113602104] | 1997 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4865269|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4865269/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75798588|Njidda M. Gadzama]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3743-8239 0000-0002-3743-8239] | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/116395774 116395774] | 1997 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75798588|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75798588/missing|📖]] |- | [[Patrick Obi Ngoddy]] | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131512|farmer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63179158|food engineer]]'' | | | | 1996 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75798728|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75798728/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75799110|Alfred A. Susu]]'' | | | | | 1994 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799110|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799110/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75799475|Mark Nwagwu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q49757|poet]]'' | | | | 1994 | [[Fáìlì:Prof Mark Nwagwu.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799475|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799475/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75511268|Emmanuel Uche Odigboh]]'' | | | | | 1998 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75511268|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75511268/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75799649|Paul O. Okonkwo]]'' | | | | | 1979 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799649|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799649/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75799736|Elijah D. Mshelia]]'' | | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/85639901 85639901] | 1994 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799736|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799736/missing|📖]] |- | [[Babatunde Lawal Salako]] | ''[[:d:Q20739489|nephrologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | | 2020 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141638|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141638/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q113141639|Bolanle Adeniyi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105570105|pharmaceutical scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=n2EBeXsAAAAJ n2EBeXsAAAAJ] | | 2021 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141639|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141639/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q113141636|Anthony Attama]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105570105|pharmaceutical scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5751-2280 0000-0002-5751-2280] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PKTI5ggAAAAJ PKTI5ggAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/viaf/305609745 305609745] | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141636|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141636/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q113141637|Augustine Ubachukwu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q752129|astrophysicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qj1tUXQAAAAJ qj1tUXQAAAAJ] | | 2020 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141637|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141637/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q113141642|Lateef Sanni]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3363-6091 0000-0003-3363-6091] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Q3H6FEMAAAAJ Q3H6FEMAAAAJ] | | 2020 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141642|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141642/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q113141643|Timothy Odiaka]]'' | ''[[:d:Q34463094|organic chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | | 2016 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141643|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141643/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q113141640|James Ogbonna]]'' | ''[[:d:Q864835|biotechnologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xasaLiYAAAAJ xasaLiYAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/viaf/128165747316053932169 128165747316053932169] | 2021 | [[Fáìlì:Prof-Ogbonna.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141640|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141640/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q113141641|Joseph Olusegun Ayo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2055046|physiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nUOfarcAAAAJ nUOfarcAAAAJ] | | 2021 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141641|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141641/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75226075|Oyebiodun Longe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | | 2007 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226075|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226075/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75082227|Jacob Kwada Paghi Kwaga]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6922-0998 0000-0002-6922-0998] | | | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75082227|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75082227/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75514799|Emmanuel O. Anosike]]'' | | | | | 1998 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75514799|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75514799/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75226666|Ifeanyi Charles Ume]]'' | | | | | 2007 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226666|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226666/missing|📖]] |- | [[Suleiman Bogoro|Suleiman Elias Bogoro]] | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]'' | | | | 2018 | [[Fáìlì:Suleiman Elias Bogoro.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75082585|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75082585/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75226809|Gabriel N. Egbunike]]'' | | | | | 2007 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226809|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226809/missing|📖]] |- | [[Olufemi Bamiro]] | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/39057210 39057210] | 2008 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19865586|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19865586/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75226925|Abayomi Olusola Akanji]]'' | | | | | 2007 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226925|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226925/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q72202313|Samuel N.C. Okonkwo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q126368762|agricultural scientist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/78353836 78353836] | 1979 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72202313|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72202313/missing|📖]] |- | [[Pius N. Okeke]] | ''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]'' | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ApO-U6cAAAAJ ApO-U6cAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/viaf/271139961 271139961] | 1998 | [[Fáìlì:PROF. PN OKEKE AS PROF. EMERITUS- 2015.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70618710|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70618710/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75234885|Emmanuel Chukwuemeka Okafor]]'' | | | | | 2006 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75234885|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75234885/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75811825|Alexander D. Wozuzu Acholonu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107622091|academic dean]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/18924672 18924672] | 1992 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75811825|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75811825/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16846432|Ifedayo Oladapo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16846432|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16846432/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75236118|Akinola Muritala Salau]]'' | | | | | 2006 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75236118|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75236118/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75236706|Babatunde Owolabi Onadeko]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15401884|medical researcher]]''<br/>[[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | 2006 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75236706|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75236706/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q55629671|Cornelius Adedapo Kogbe]]'' | | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/196156051 196156051] | 1985 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55629671|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55629671/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75237164|Gabriel Kayode Falade]]'' | | | | | 2006 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75237164|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75237164/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75814686|Ephraim Efiong]]'' | | | | | 1991 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75814686|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75814686/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q58371457|Mayowa Ojo Owolabi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-3070 0000-0003-1146-3070] | | | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58371457|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58371457/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75816990|Gordian Obuneme Ezekwe]]'' | | | | | 1991 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75816990|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75816990/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75817925|Idris Mohammed]]'' | | | | | 1990 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75817925|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75817925/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75818012|Joseph Yusuf Yayock]]'' | | | | | 1990 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75818012|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75818012/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75243183|Israel F Adu]]'' | | | | | 2006 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75243183|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75243183/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75820200|Sulaiman Adeniyi Adekola]]'' | | | | | 1990 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75820200|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75820200/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75821486|Joshua Ajadi Faniran]]'' | | | | | 1988 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75821486|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75821486/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75821589|Olusegun Ladimeji Oke]]'' | | | | | 1988 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75821589|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75821589/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75825781|Andrew Oteku Evwaraye]]'' | | | | | 1987 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75825781|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75825781/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75826028|Adelola Adeloye]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q9385011|neurosurgeon]]'' | | | | 1987 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826028|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826028/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75826547|Gabriel Ayodele Makanjuola]]'' | | | | | 1986 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826547|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826547/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75826831|Charles Okolo Okafor]]'' | | | | | 1986 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826831|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826831/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75826944|Henry Ehikpehale Enahoro]]'' | | | | | 1985 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826944|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826944/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75106127|Samuel Olusegun Akande]]'' | | | | | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75106127|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75106127/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75827429|Anthony Malomo Adia Imevbore]]'' | | | | | 1983 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75827429|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75827429/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75827746|George Joseph Folayan Esan]]'' | | | | | 1982 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75827746|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75827746/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q64871722|Sunday W. Petters]]'' | ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/29606422 29606422] | 2000 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64871722|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64871722/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75829999|Osondu John Eze-Uzomaka]]'' | | | | | 1981 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75829999|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75829999/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75830255|Cornelius O. Orangun]]'' | | | | | 1981 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75830255|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75830255/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75109736|J. Chukwuemeka Agunwamba]]'' | ''[[:d:Q13582652|civil engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1569495|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/284593770 284593770] | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75109736|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75109736/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75109908|Mufutau Babs Oyeneyin]]'' | | | | | 2017 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75109908|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75109908/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75254131|Olusegun Ekundayo]]'' | | | | | 2004 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75254131|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75254131/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75110097|Martins Olusola Olorunfemi]]'' | | | | | 2017 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75110097|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75110097/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75832021|Oladipo Olujimi Akinkugbe]]'' | [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20739489|nephrologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/276415261 276415261] | 1980 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75832021|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75832021/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75832117|Timothy Ajibola Taylor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q56677038|agricultural biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/303937339 303937339] | 1980 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75832117|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75832117/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75832592|Cyril Obiora Enwonwu]]'' | | | | | 1979 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75832592|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75832592/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75112392|Emiola O. Olapade-Olaopa]]'' | ''[[:d:Q17345122|urologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | | | | 2017 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75112392|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75112392/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75112516|Karniyus Shingu Gamaniel]]'' | | | | | 2017 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75112516|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75112516/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75112716|Charles Okechukwu Esimone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1753-6763 0000-0002-1753-6763] | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/305561378 305561378] | 2017 | [[Fáìlì:Prof. Charles Esimone.png|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75112716|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75112716/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75833792|Alexander Eyimofe Boyo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3332427|clinical pathologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17156912|malariologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3126128|geneticist]]'' | | | | 1977 | [[Fáìlì:A.E. Boyo. Photograph. Wellcome V0028066 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75833792|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75833792/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75833964|Babatunde Olusiji Osunkoya]]'' | | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75833964|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75833964/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75113556|Edith Oriabure Ajaiyeoba]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | | | | 2016 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75113556|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75113556/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75113702|Chidi Emmanuel Akujor]]'' | | | | | 2016 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75113702|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75113702/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q64878034|Adesola Ogunniyi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2946-8956 0000-0002-2946-8956] | | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64878034|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64878034/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75114533|Peter Achuike Akah]]'' | | | | | 2016 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75114533|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75114533/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75114791|Richard Adebayo Adegbola]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | | | | 2016 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75114791|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75114791/missing|📖]] |- | [[Ayodele Olajide Falase|Ayodele O. Falase]] | [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q69948825|medical faculty]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21281706|academic administrator]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/12370842 12370842] | 2004 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64735479|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64735479/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75836662|Gabriel Ediale Osuide]]'' | | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75836662|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75836662/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q74107303|Olapeju Aiyelaagbe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-4104 0000-0003-2281-4104] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xCFGB1QAAAAJ xCFGB1QAAAAJ] | | 2024 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74107303|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74107303/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q85354126|Ganiyu Oboh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5167-9779 0000-0001-5167-9779] | | | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85354126|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85354126/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75839440|Sauel O. Alasoadura]]'' | | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839440|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839440/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75839463|Emmanuel Ayotunde Yoloye]]'' | | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839463|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839463/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q64738505|Charles Igwe Arizechukwu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]'' | | | | 2021 | [[Fáìlì:THE NEW VC READING ANGLICAN HYMS DURING HIS INAUGRATION AT EKPO REFECTORY UNN.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64738505|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64738505/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75839678|Patrick Iloba Amenechi]]'' | | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839678|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839678/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75839685|Frank Mene Adedemiswanye Ukoli]]'' | ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q27497422|helminthologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/70271313 70271313] | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839685|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839685/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75839691|Samuel Afolabi Toye]]'' | | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839691|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839691/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75839696|Ayodele Tella]]'' | | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839696|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839696/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75839861|Mosobalaje Olaloye Oyawoye]]'' | | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839861|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839861/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q71804243|Bede Nwoye Okigbo]]'' | | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/31022139 31022139] | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71804243|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71804243/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7072146|O. O. Adewoye]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]'' | | | | 2007 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7072146|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7072146/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q17164819|Chukwuedu Nwokolo]]'' | [[oníṣègùn]] | | | | 1986 | [[Fáìlì:Chukwuedu Nwokolo and Family 4.JPG|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17164819|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17164819/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q105829346|Christine Oppong]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4488-5405 0000-0003-4488-5405] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=6mZcjt4AAAAJ 6mZcjt4AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/viaf/22288059 22288059] | 1998 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105829346|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105829346/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75266550|Akintoye Olusegun Coker]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3368718|pathologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | 2004 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75266550|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75266550/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q43549311|Olanike Adeyemo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202883|veterinarian]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3404-5090 0000-0003-3404-5090] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=AbsyqJgAAAAJ AbsyqJgAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/viaf/305638553 305638553] | 2016 | [[Fáìlì:Prof Olanike Adeyemo portrait .jpeg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43549311|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43549311/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75699562|Olabopo Osuntokun]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12013238|ophthalmologist]]'' | | | | 1998 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75699562|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75699562/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75699847|Vincent E. Aimakhu]]'' | | | | | 1998 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75699847|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75699847/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75267821|Sunday A. Bwala]]'' | | | | | 2004 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75267821|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75267821/missing|📖]] |- | [[Francisca Nneka Okeke]] | ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/182166797 182166797] | 2010 | [[Fáìlì:Prof. Francisca Okeke.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15725998|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15725998/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6932958|Muhammed K. Abubakar]]'' | [[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]'' | | | | 2011 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6932958|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6932958/missing|📖]] |- | [[Isaac Folorunso Adewole]] | ''[[:d:Q2640827|gynecologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13638192|obstetrician]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5341-2514 0000-0002-5341-2514] | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/246152742984427732066 246152742984427732066] | 2011 | [[Fáìlì:Prof. Isaac F. Adewole (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062079|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062079/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75270070|Alphonso C.I. Anusiem]]'' | | | | | 2004 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75270070|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75270070/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q21062192|Kehinde O. Ladipo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]'' | | | | 2015 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062192|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062192/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q21062369|Isa Marte Hussaini]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | 2013 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062369|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062369/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75270408|Lekan S. Salimonu]]'' | | | | | 2004 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75270408|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75270408/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q21062618|Nicholas Agiobi Damachi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]'' | | | | 2010 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062618|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062618/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q43697544|Anthony I. Okoh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9770-085X 0000-0002-9770-085X] | | | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43697544|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43697544/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q21063465|Oluwole Akinyele Agbede]]'' | | | | | 2015 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21063465|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21063465/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q21063472|Uche Veronica Amazigo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | | 2015 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21063472|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21063472/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q21063473|Sunny Edet Ohia]]'' | | | | | 2015 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21063473|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21063473/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16017608|Fabian Udekwu]]'' | [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q774306|surgeon]]'' | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16017608|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16017608/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q71811551|O. S. Adegoke]]'' | ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q30059961|paleobotanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/161366269 161366269] | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71811551|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71811551/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75128324|Jude U. Ohaneri]]'' | | | | | 2015 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75128324|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75128324/missing|📖]] |- | [[Oluwatoyin Ogundipe]] | ''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1569495|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q723682|dean]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/219152138567310980964 219152138567310980964] | 2017 | [[Fáìlì:Prof Ogundipe.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50331388|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50331388/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q64748489|Donald Efiong Udo Ekong]]'' | ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/84158185823020062190 84158185823020062190] | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64748489|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64748489/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q18326258|Tolu Odugbemi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7597-8666 0000-0002-7597-8666] | | | 1997 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18326258|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18326258/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75275218|Gabriel O. Ajayi]]'' | | | | | 2004 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75275218|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75275218/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q21933512|Friday E. Okonofua]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2640827|gynecologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13638192|obstetrician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21281706|academic administrator]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-2606 0000-0002-8777-2606] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lWa_57sAAAAJ lWa_57sAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/viaf/31975441 31975441]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/46200996 46200996] | 2012 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21933512|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21933512/missing|📖]] |- | [[Babalola Chinedum Peace]] | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9173-8032 0000-0001-9173-8032] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Lvw32FsAAAAJ Lvw32FsAAAAJ] | | 2011 | [[Fáìlì:Professor Babalola Chinedum Peace.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21934164|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21934164/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4778204|Anya Oko Anya]]'' | ''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/72739525 72739525] | 1979 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4778204|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4778204/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75279014|Salihu Mustafa]]'' | ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]'' | | | | 2002 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75279014|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75279014/missing|📖]] |- | [[Olikoye Ransome-Kuti]] | [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1919436|pediatrician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/35882343 35882343] | 1992 | [[Fáìlì:Family Ransome Kuti c1940.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7086859|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7086859/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q71100029|Ebenezer Olatunde Farombi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/54152682509123311242 54152682509123311242] | 2014 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71100029|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71100029/missing|📖]] |- | [[Olumbe Bassir]] | ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7088847|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7088847/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7088876|B. Oluwakayode Osuntokun]]'' | ''[[:d:Q783906|neurologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/45860555 45860555] | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7088876|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7088876/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75282910|Pius J. Egbelu]]'' | | | | | 2002 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75282910|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75282910/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42412314|Iruka Okeke]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1694-7587 0000-0002-1694-7587] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=KCc3tdAAAAAJ KCc3tdAAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/viaf/124748506 124748506] | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42412314|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42412314/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75145837|Joseph Olorunfemi Ojo]]'' | | | | | 2014 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145837|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145837/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75145843|Patrick Oladipo Aina]]'' | | | | | 2014 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145843|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145843/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75145840|Adekunle Odunsi]]'' | | | | | 2014 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145840|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145840/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75145841|Chidi Adonis Ibe]]'' | | | | | 2014 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145841|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145841/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75145883|Dennies Edokpaigbe Agbonlahor]]'' | | | | | 2014 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145883|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145883/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75145886|Ogoamaka Patience Osadebe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | | 2013 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145886|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145886/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75145884|John Okhienaiye Agbenin]]'' | | | | | 2014 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145884|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145884/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75145885|John Adeyinka Adekoya]]'' | | | | | 2014 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145885|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145885/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75145892|Sunday Ayodele Odunfa]]'' | | | | | 2013 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145892|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145892/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75145903|James Adeche Momoh]]'' | | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/85217213 85217213] | 2013 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145903|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145903/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75145906|Oladele O. Kale]]'' | | | | | 2013 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145906|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145906/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75145907|John Alechenu Idoko]]'' | | | | | 2013 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145907|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145907/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75146079|Chukwudozie Daniel Ezeokoli]]'' | | | | | 2013 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146079|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146079/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75146215|Tola Atinmo]]'' | | | | | 2013 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146215|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146215/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75146291|Sunday Ene-ojo Atawodi]]'' | | | | | 2013 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146291|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146291/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75146363|Alfred B.O. Soboyejo]]'' | | | | | 2012 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146363|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146363/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75146547|Akinyhinka Omokolapo Omigbodun]]'' | | | | | 2012 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146547|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146547/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75146946|Akaehomen O. Akii Ibhadode]]'' | | | | | 2012 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146946|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146946/missing|📖]] |- | [[Akpanoluo Ikpong Ikpong Ette]] | ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20650974|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20650974/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q100233959|Grace Olusola Gbotosho]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | | | | 2020 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100233959|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100233959/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75148458|Victor Onwubalili Anosa]]'' | | | | | 2012 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75148458|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75148458/missing|📖]] |- | [[Abẹli Ìdòwú Ọlayinka|Abel Idowu Olayinka]] | ''[[:d:Q12094958|geophysicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/56062335 56062335] | 2012 | [[Fáìlì:Abel Idowu Olayinka.JPG|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21229527|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21229527/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q22671516|Ekanem Ikpi Braide]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/28596456 28596456] | 2006 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22671516|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22671516/missing|📖]] |- | [[Kayode Oyebode Adebowale]] | ''[[:d:Q901|oní ìmọ̀ sáyẹ́nsì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21281706|academic administrator]]'' | | | | 2012 | [[Fáìlì:IMG-20230611-WA0020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75149847|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75149847/missing|📖]] |- | [[Akinpelu Oludele Adesola|Akin O Adesola]] | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q774306|surgeon]]'' | | | | 1985 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18204919|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18204919/missing|📖]] |- | [[Babatunde Kwaku Adadevoh]] | [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3368718|pathologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/65322217 65322217] | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18205082|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18205082/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q72558558|Nduka Okafor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | | | | 1979 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72558558|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72558558/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q69963952|Babafemi Taiwo]]'' | [[olùkọ̀wé]] | | | | 2020 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69963952|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69963952/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q71694570|Joseph Ibomein Okogun]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | | | | 1979 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71694570|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71694570/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75298842|Gabriel I. Ekeke]]'' | | | | | 2002 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75298842|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75298842/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q18209595|Oyewusi Ibidapo Obe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]] | | | | 2004 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18209595|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18209595/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q87845157|Musa Toyin Yakubu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3310-5795 0000-0002-3310-5795] | | | 2021 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q87845157|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q87845157/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q66940683|Charles O. Wambebe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1627196|Pharmazeut]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-1874 0000-0002-7231-1874] | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/68669936 68669936] | 1999 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66940683|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66940683/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75303109|E. Efiom Ene-Obong]]'' | | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/21879208 21879208] | 2000 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75303109|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75303109/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75303346|Timothy A. I. Akeju]]'' | | | | | 2000 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75303346|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75303346/missing|📖]] |- | [[Yetunde Mercy Olumide]] | [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/38596181 38596181] | 2000 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75303536|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75303536/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q86837542|Bamidele I Olu-Owolabi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-6004 0000-0003-4668-6004] | | | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q86837542|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q86837542/missing|📖]] |- | [[Joseph Abiodun Balogun]] | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8106-3828 0000-0001-8106-3828] | | | 2017 | [[Fáìlì:Joseph Abiodun Balogun, PT, Ph.D., FACSM, FNSP, FAS, FRSPH.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56274103|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56274103/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q18359012|Oyewale Tomori]]'' | [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/21066260 21066260] | 1991 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18359012|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18359012/missing|📖]] |- | [[Victor Omololu Olunloyo]] | [[olóṣèlú]]<br/>[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]] | | | | 1989 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3509767|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3509767/missing|📖]] |- | [[Iya Abubakar]] | [[olóṣèlú]]<br/>[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]'' | | | | 1977 | [[Fáìlì:Prof Iya Abubakar portrait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3511417|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3511417/missing|📖]] |- | [[Chike Obi]] | [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q49757|poet]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]] | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5097406|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5097406/missing|📖]] |- | [[Obioma C. Nwaorgu]] | ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1476215|human rights defender]]'' | | | | 2011 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75164951|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75164951/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75165166|Boniface C.E. Egboka]]'' | | | | | 2011 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75165166|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75165166/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56999820|Olubukola O Babalola]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1569495|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15253558|activist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17989045|vice president]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4344-1909 0000-0003-4344-1909] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rmHHG2UAAAAJ rmHHG2UAAAAJ] | | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56999820|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56999820/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75167018|Babajide Ibitayo Alo]]'' | | | | | 2011 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75167018|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75167018/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75168259|Siyanbola Malomo]]'' | | | | | 2010 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75168259|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75168259/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75168424|Sonny F. Kuku]]'' | | | | | 2010 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75168424|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75168424/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12887060|Aderemi Kuku]]'' | [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]] | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/111184030 111184030] | 1989 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12887060|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12887060/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q89442182|Abdulrazaq G Habib]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4219-8724 0000-0003-4219-8724] | | | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89442182|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89442182/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75169925|O. Sodeinde]]'' | | | | | 2009 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75169925|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75169925/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q59167174|David Mba]]'' | ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-4623 0000-0001-7278-4623] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=V9tO4J8AAAAJ V9tO4J8AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/viaf/46290755 46290755] | 2015 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59167174|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59167174/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12888834|Charles Chidume]]'' | [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]] | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/104314245 104314245]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/81470209 81470209] | 2006 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12888834|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12888834/missing|📖]] |- | [[Abba Gumel]] | [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]] | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8413-1248 0000-0002-8413-1248] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=MpJ7daYAAAAJ MpJ7daYAAAAJ]<br/>[https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nEZt41cAAAAJ nEZt41cAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/viaf/68352879 68352879] | 2010 | [[Fáìlì:Gumel-May2022.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19664934|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19664934/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q72431255|Ikenna Onyido]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | | | | 2008 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72431255|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72431255/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20675871|Andrew Jonathan Nok]]'' | ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]'' | | | | 2012 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20675871|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20675871/missing|📖]] |- | [[Anthony Afọlábí Adegbola|Anthony Afolabi Adegbola]] | ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20675886|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20675886/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20675920|Augustine Njoku Obi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20675920|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20675920/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7412307|Samuel Okoye]]'' | ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q752129|astrophysicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q36180|olùkọ̀wé]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/45840335 45840335] | 1982 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7412307|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7412307/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20676177|Caleb Olaniyan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676177|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676177/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20676391|David Okali]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | 1989 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676391|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676391/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20676554|Emmanuel Ndubisi Maduagwu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | 2015 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676554|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676554/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20676556|Emmanuel Emovon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]] | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676556|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676556/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20676572|Etim Moses Essien]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3144914|hematologist]]'' | | | | 1990 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676572|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676572/missing|📖]] |- | [[Abubakar S. Sambo]] | ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]'' | | | | 2002 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19667396|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19667396/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12891436|Haroon Oladipo Tejumola]]'' | [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]] | | | | 1991 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12891436|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12891436/missing|📖]] |- | [[Gabriel Babatunde Ogunmola]] | ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>[[oníṣègùn]] | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/122320023 122320023] | 1987 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676674|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676674/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12891811|James O. C. Ezeilo]]'' | [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]] | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=JCLL7-sAAAAJ JCLL7-sAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/viaf/2919173973177923810006 2919173973177923810006] | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12891811|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12891811/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20677132|Jarlath U. Umoh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6021-6397 0000-0001-6021-6397] | | | 2015 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20677132|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20677132/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q105881986|Lawrence Ikechukwu Ezemonye]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/305731117 305731117] | 2020 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105881986|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105881986/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137023080|S. Kwame Karikari]]'' | | | | | 1996 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137023080|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137023080/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20679495|Victor Adenuga Oyenuga]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/190682891 190682891] | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20679495|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20679495/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12894384|Micah Okwuchukwu Osilike]]'' | [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]] | | | | 2016 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12894384|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12894384/missing|📖]] |- | [[Adeyinka Gladys Falusi|Adeyinka G. Falusi]] | ''[[:d:Q3144914|hematologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3064-3336 0000-0002-3064-3336] | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/63491918 63491918] | 2009 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16211147|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16211147/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q69122806|Henrietta Ene-Obong]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9125-6751 0000-0002-9125-6751] | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/86278507 86278507] | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69122806|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69122806/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75178546|Rotimi A. Oderinde]]'' | | | | | 2009 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75178546|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75178546/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q59752625|Michael Obi Onyekonwu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4406-6285 0000-0002-4406-6285]<br/>[https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8690-9105 0000-0002-8690-9105] | | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59752625|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59752625/missing|📖]] |- | [[Sunday Iyahen]] | [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>[[olóṣèlú]] | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/16288103 16288103] | 1981 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12897525|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12897525/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75179014|Tom A. Aire]]'' | | | | | 2009 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75179014|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75179014/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75900303|Anthony Momodu Oseni]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2083925|botanical collector]]'' | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75900303|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75900303/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20683859|Awele Maduemezia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>[[onímọ̀ ìsirò]] | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20683859|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20683859/missing|📖]] |- | [[Oladipo Ogunlesi|Theophilus Oladipo Ogunlesi]] | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>[[oníṣègùn]] | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/46517165 46517165]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/8230160667773703560004 8230160667773703560004]<br/>[https://viaf.org/viaf/8764160668122903560009 8764160668122903560009] | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75901226|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75901226/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75901435|Agu U. Ogan]]'' | | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75901435|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75901435/missing|📖]] |- | [[Lateef Akinola Salako]] | ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | 1981 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20684458|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20684458/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20684849|Mojeed Olayide Abass]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | 2012 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20684849|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20684849/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20684880|K. Mosto Onuoha]]'' | ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/12398146 12398146] | 1998 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20684880|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20684880/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20685015|Domingo Amechi Okorie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]'' | | | | 2006 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685015|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685015/missing|📖]] |- | [[Olaitan Soyannwo]] | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28837|anesthesiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15978655|consultant]]'' | | | | 2006 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685016|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685016/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20685026|Olusoga Sofola]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5532-0488 0000-0002-5532-0488] | | | 2006 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685026|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685026/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20685033|Cyril Agodi Onwumechili]]'' | ''[[:d:Q169470|physicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | 1977 | [[Fáìlì:Onwumechili wiki pix.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685033|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685033/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4682391|Adetokunbo Lucas]]'' | [[oníṣègùn]] | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/50821596 50821596] | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4682391|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4682391/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75902610|Theodore Idibiye Francis]]'' | | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75902610|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75902610/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47501298|Obinna Onwujekwe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-4285 0000-0002-1214-4285] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lVcCp5gAAAAJ lVcCp5gAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/viaf/305447338 305447338] | 2020 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47501298|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47501298/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75902834|Akinyele Fabiyi]]'' | | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75902834|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75902834/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20685746|M. Temitayo Shokunbi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7819-6862 0000-0002-7819-6862] | | | 2006 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685746|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685746/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q72587424|David Tinakpoewan Okpako]]'' | | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/60630064 60630064] | 1991 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72587424|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72587424/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75903479|Mark O. Chijioke]]'' | | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75903479|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75903479/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20687464|Umaru Shehu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | | 1977 | [[Fáìlì:Nigerian Public Domain 563.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20687464|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20687464/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75906548|Olumuyiwa Awe]]'' | | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/38219967 38219967] | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75906548|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75906548/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q70717390|Olukayode Oladipo Amund]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=i3EyYBMAAAAJ i3EyYBMAAAAJ] | | 2021 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70717390|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70717390/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75907555|J.B.E. Awachie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/140151352041252601833 140151352041252601833] | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75907555|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75907555/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75907853|I.A. Akinrele]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]'' | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75907853|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75907853/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q35828655|Celestine Onwuliri]]'' | | | | | 2009 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q35828655|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q35828655/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75043290|Bertram Ekejiuba Nwoke]]'' | | | | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043290|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043290/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75043412|Gabriel Ayowole Kolawole]]'' | | | | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043412|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043412/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75043478|Matthew Olusoji Ilori]]'' | ''[[:d:Q414528|academician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1675-0047 0000-0002-1675-0047] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Tf4RNV4AAAAJ Tf4RNV4AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/viaf/30157412214616050053 30157412214616050053] | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043478|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043478/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q71727708|Timothy U. Obi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | | | | 2004 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71727708|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71727708/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75043642|Isaac Uzoma Asuzu]]'' | | | | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043642|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043642/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q48805875|Herbert C. Kodilinye]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | 1977 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48805875|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48805875/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16945811|Augustine O. Esogbue]]'' | [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | | 2000 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16945811|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16945811/missing|📖]] |- | [[Ibironke Akinsete]] | ''[[:d:Q8125919|political adviser]]''<br/>[[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3144914|hematologist]]'' | | | | 2006 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62071484|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62071484/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16946670|John Chukwuemeka Amazigo]]'' | [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]] | | | | 1985 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16946670|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16946670/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q55873686|Folahan A. Adekola]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4411-669X 0000-0003-4411-669X] | | | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55873686|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55873686/missing|📖]] |- | [[Babatunde Osotimehin]] | [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>[[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3368718|pathologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/9599149619472104010006 9599149619472104010006] | 2006 | [[Fáìlì:Babatunde Osotimehin at the London Summit on Family Planning.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4837550|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4837550/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42322998|Jonathan Oyebamiji Babalola]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-6677 0000-0002-1407-6677] | | | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42322998|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42322998/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75194536|Olukayode Dada]]'' | | | | | 2008 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75194536|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75194536/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75194690|Martin Anthony C. Aghaji]]'' | | | | | 2008 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75194690|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75194690/missing|📖]] |- | [[Joseph Chike Edozien]] | [[oníṣègùn]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3368718|pathologist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/38409550 38409550] | 1980 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6282107|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6282107/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q18249304|Babatunde Adetokunbo Sofoluwe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | | 2011 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18249304|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18249304/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57896470|Benjamin Uzochukwu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0794-0455 0000-0002-0794-0455] | | | 2021 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57896470|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57896470/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q52707368|Olayinka Olusola Omigbodun]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3808-8530 0000-0003-3808-8530] | | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52707368|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52707368/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q18684381|Azikiwe Peter Onwualu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5970-4836 0000-0001-5970-4836] | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/1870807 1870807] | 2009 | [[Fáìlì:Peter-o.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18684381|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18684381/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q18685013|Nimi Dimkpa Briggs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2640827|gynecologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13638192|obstetrician]]'' | | | | 2007 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18685013|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18685013/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q89329083|Simeon Cadmus]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3281-2316 0000-0002-3281-2316] | | | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89329083|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89329083/missing|📖]] |- | [[Grace Oladunni Taylor|Oladunni G. Olaniyan-Taylor]] | ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/173967033 173967033] | 1997 | [[Fáìlì:Grace Oladunni Taylor.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22290342|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22290342/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q72606389|Turner T. Isoun]]'' | [[olóṣèlú]]<br/>''[[:d:Q83307|minister]]'' | | | | 2004 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72606389|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72606389/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57901802|Emmanuel A Ameh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2386-3039 0000-0003-2386-3039] | | | 2021 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57901802|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57901802/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75491065|Raifu Isola Salawu]]'' | | | | | 1999 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75491065|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75491065/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20562459|Samuel Akindiji Ilori]]'' | [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | | 2006 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20562459|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20562459/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75491735|Cajetan Ezeani Okeke]]'' | | | | | 1999 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75491735|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75491735/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75492019|Edward ‘B. Attah]]'' | | | | | 1999 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75492019|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75492019/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q41900805|Oluwatoyin A. Odeku]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105186|pharmacist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16515647|mentor]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0732-1304 0000-0002-0732-1304] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Ti-T_nsAAAAJ Ti-T_nsAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/viaf/302282669 302282669] | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41900805|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41900805/missing|📖]] |- | [[Folasade Ogunsola]] | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7734-685X 0000-0001-7734-685X] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=HemfnRwAAAAJ HemfnRwAAAAJ] | | 2017 | [[Fáìlì:230201-N-DK722-1004 - NAVEUR-NAVAF Band visits Nigerian National Museum and University of Lagos.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56753366|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56753366/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56753367|Stella Ifeanyi Smith]]'' | ''[[:d:Q864835|biotechnologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15401884|medical researcher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-1189 0000-0003-2163-1189] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=szjhfkcAAAAJ szjhfkcAAAAJ] | | 2022 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56753367|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56753367/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q70593706|Effiom Edem Antia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | | | | 2017 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70593706|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70593706/missing|📖]] |- | [[Adégòkè Olúbùmmọ́|Adegoke Olubummo]] | [[onímọ̀ ìsirò]] | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/31056653 31056653] | 1980 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q11051763|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q11051763/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q74632009|Nduka Nnamdi Ekere]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-8244 0000-0002-9955-8244] | | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74632009|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74632009/missing|📖]] |- | [[Winston Wole Soboyejo]] | ''[[:d:Q10497074|military flight engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]'' | | | | 2007 | [[Fáìlì:Winston Soboyejo.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q8026145|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q8026145/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q98565719|Adekunle A. Bakare]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|oníwàádì]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9829-1587 0000-0001-9829-1587] | | | 2021 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98565719|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98565719/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q21004706|Ibrahim Garba]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21281706|academic administrator]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1231865|ọ̀gá akẹ́ẹ̀kọ́]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/viaf/8973156223673205400008 8973156223673205400008] | 2020 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21004706|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21004706/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q21004730|Isaac Adebayo Adeyemi]]'' | | | | | 2012 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21004730|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21004730/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q21004729|Adeyinka Afolayan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121594|professor]]'' | | | | 2006 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21004729|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21004729/missing|📖]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} 7qkgc0xuwt232mpnzvftvoj5bdwys4k 0 67913 624865 587775 2026-07-02T00:04:39Z Aduagba3687 32198 Àfikún lẹ́kùnrẹ́rẹ́ síi 624865 wikitext text/x-wiki Lamidi Adedibu (1927–2008) jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn olóṣèlú tó gbajúgbajà jù lọ nínu ìtàn òṣèlú Nàìjíríà, pàápàá ní Ibadan àti ní ìpínlẹ̀ Oyo. Ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn máa ń pè é ní “Agbàkin Parakoyi Ibadan” nítorí ipa ńlá tó kó nínú òṣèlú ilẹ̀ Yorùbá. Lamidi Ariyibi Adedibu ni wọ́n bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlélógún Oṣù Kẹwàá, ọdún 1927, nílùú Ibadan. Ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní àwọn ilé ẹ̀kọ́ tó wà ní agbègbè náà kí ó tó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í ṣiṣẹ́ nínú òṣèlú. Adedibu jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ òṣèlú rẹ̀. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó darapọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú míràn, ó sì di olóṣèlú alágbára tó ní ipa púpọ̀ ní ìpínlẹ̀ Oyo. Ó jẹ́ ẹni tí ó ní ọ̀pọ̀ ọmọlẹ́yìn, ó sì máa ń lo agbára rẹ̀ láti ṣètò àti láti darí ọ̀pọ̀ ìpinnu òṣèlú. Ìdí nìyẹn tí ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn fi ń pè é ní “Alága ọlọ́ṣèlú Ibadan”. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ọ̀pọ̀ ènìyàn fẹ́ràn rẹ̀ nítorí ìrànlọ́wọ́ tó máa ń ṣe fún àwọn talákà, àwọn míì sì máa ń ṣàríyànjiyàn lórí àwọn ọ̀nà tí ó ń gbà ṣe òṣèlú. Síbẹ̀, kò sí ẹni tó lè  fi Ọwọ́ rọ sẹ́yìn nínú òṣèlú ìpínlẹ̀ Oyo  àti ní Nàìjíríà. Lamidi Adedibu kú ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá Oṣù Karùn-ún, ọdún 2008 ní Ibadan lẹ́yìn àìsàn díẹ̀. Ikú rẹ̀ jẹ́ ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tó mú ìbànújẹ́ bá ọ̀pọ̀ ọmọlẹ́yìn àti àwọn olóṣèlú ní Nàìjíríà. Títí di òní, wọ́n ṣì ń rántí Lamidi Adedibu gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn olóṣèlú tó ní ipa púpọ̀ jù lọ ní ilẹ̀ Yorùbá àti Nàìjíríà, ẹni tí orúkọ rẹ̀ kò ní rọrùn láti parẹ nínú ìtàn òṣèlú orílẹ̀-èdè yii. ==Ìbí àti ẹbí rẹ̀== A bí Olóyè Adédibú ní agbègbè Ọjà Ọba ní ìlú [[Ìbàdàn]]. Ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ oyè láti ìdílé Ọba Olúpòyí. ==Iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Olóṣèlú== Adédibú dara pọ̀ mọ́ ìṣèlú ní ọdún 1950, nígbà tí ó di ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Peole's Party, tí ó sì dara pọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlti [[Action Group]] lábẹ́ Olóyè [[Ọbáfẹ́mi Awólọ́wọ̀]] . Lẹ́yìn náà, ó dara pọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú [[Nàìjíríà|National Party of Nigeria]] (NPN) , ẹgbẹ́ tí ọ̀gbẹ́ni [[Àdìsá Akinloyè]] àti Richard Akínjíde . Ó di onípò pàtàkì nínú òṣèlú ilẹ̀ [[Nàìjíríà]] ní àkókò ìjọba ológun Ọ̀Ọ̀gágun [[Ibrahim Babangida]], lákòókò yí ni ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú NPN lo ànfàní ètò ìdìbò ojúmitó (Open ballot) láti ṣe màdàrú. Ọ̀nà tí a lè gba ṣàpèjúwe ìlànà òṣèlú tirẹ̀ ni lílo àwọn ọmọ gànfé , àti fífi ipá mú ọmọ ayo rẹ̀ tàbí alátakò rẹ̀ ṣe oun tí ó bá fẹ́ tí ó sì ma ń mú jàgídí-jàgan lọ́wọ́ lọ́pọ̀ ìgbà. A gbọ́ wípé kò fẹ́rẹ̀ sí olóṣèlú kan tí ó goróyè ní Ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́ tí kò gbàṣẹ gbòntẹ̀ Adédibú kí ó tó dépò àṣẹ. Èyí ló fàá tí wọ́n fi ń pèé ní '''Òpómúléró òṣèlú ilẹ̀ [[Ìbàdàn]]''' . Wọ́n yan ọmọ rẹ̀ kan , [[Kamorudeen Adekunle Adedibu|Kamorudeen Adékúnlé Adédibú]] , gẹ́gẹ́ bí Aṣojú -ṣòfin sílé Aṣòfin àgbà fún ẹkùn Ọ̀yọ́ South ní oṣùKẹ́rin ọdún 2007 . Senator [[Teslim Folarin|Teslim fọlárìn]] , í wọ́n dìbò yàn sílé Aṣòfin àgbà gẹ́gẹ́ bí Senator fún ẹkùn Àrin-gbùngbùn Ọ̀yọ́ (Oyo Central) ni ó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára ọmọ lẹ́yìn Adédibú .Ẹ̀wẹ̀, Olóyè [[Rasheed Ladoja|Rasheed Ládọjà]] tí ó jẹ Gómìnà ní ìpínlẹ̀ Ọ̀yọ́ ní oṣù Karùún ọdún 2003, náà tún jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹ̀kọ́ṣẹ́ lẹ́yìn rẹ̀. Àmọ́ òun àti Adédibú padà di oje ọrọ́ àti ojú tí wọn kìí fẹ́ rí ara wọn lórí tani yòó yàn sí.àwọn ipò Kọmíṣọ́nà ní ọdún 2004. ==Ikú rẹ̀== Adédibú kú ní ọjọ́ Kọkànlá oṣù Kẹfà, ọdún 2008 sí ilé ìwòsàn University College tí ó wà ní ìlú [[Ìbàdàn]] , nígbà tí ó wà ní ipò '''Ẹ̀karún''' ti ilẹ̀ [[Ìbàdàn]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí ipò tí ẹbí rẹ̀ wà sí ti [[Olúbàdàn]] ti Ilẹ̀ Ìbàdàn.<ref name="Premium Times Nigeria 2018">{{cite web | title=Inside Lamidi Adedibu’s deserted Ibadan ‘palace’, crumbling political dynasty | website=Premium Times Nigeria | date=2018-02-10 | url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/257687-inside-lamidi-adedibus-deserted-ibadan-palace-crumbling-political-dynasty.html | access-date=2019-10-26}}</ref> == Awọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 2008]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1928]] 9i02ak8rq5n8a2df0s8zv6zdi8pmlp3 2 69544 624868 620788 2026-07-02T04:25:36Z ListeriaBot 17294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 624868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q16917; wdt:P17 wd:Q115. } |section= |sort=P131 |sort_order=asca |columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! In administrative entity ! Geo Coordinate ! Image ! Locator map image |- | ''[[:d:Q3145249|Gimbie Adventist Hospital]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q64576103|Dil-Chora Hospital]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118310214|Saint Luke Hospital (Wolisso)]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | {{Coord|8.545855|37.978213|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q132168509|Tirunesh Beijing General Hospital]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | | {{Coord|8.877|38.789|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q352964|Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | [[Addis Ababa]] | {{Coord|9.0251|38.7544|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7591151|St. Paul's Hospital, Ethiopia]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | [[Addis Ababa]] | {{Coord|9.04778|38.7281|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7591154|St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | [[Addis Ababa]] | {{Coord|9.047974|38.727557|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q8069875|Zewditu Hospital]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | [[Addis Ababa]] | {{Coord|9.01833|38.7561|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30281131|Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | [[Addis Ababa]] | {{Coord|9.020188|38.749561|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q48727517|Bethel Teaching General Hospital]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | [[Addis Ababa]] | {{Coord|9.047778|38.728056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124022295|Eka Kotebe General Hospital]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | [[Addis Ababa]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138543992|Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | [[Addis Ababa]] | {{Coord|9.0306|38.7222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q104851870|Arba Minch General Hospital]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q115|Ethiópíà]]'' | ''[[:d:Q626861|Arba Minch]]'' | {{Coord|6.028222|37.55225|display=inline}} | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} 2o8cx0m3r2lvg9s77mrcw4ox230gn62 0 70966 624542 578099 2026-07-01T12:41:59Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 624542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|2018 Nigerian drama film}}{{Infobox film|name=Oga Bolaji|studio=Kaykas Studios|gross=|budget=|language=Afrikaans<br>English<br>Yoruba|country=Nigeria|runtime=90 minutes|released={{Film date|2018|08|07|df=y}}|distributor=|editing=|image=Oga Bolaji poster.jpg|cinematography=|music=|starring=Ikponmwosa Gold<br>[[Omowumi Dada]]<br>[[Idowu Philips]]|writer=Kayode Kasum<br>Omo Ojeiwa|producer=Mayowa Bakare|director=Kayode Kasum|caption=Film poster|based_on=}}'''''Oga Bolaji''''' jẹ́ èré óńìṣè kan lati orile-ede Ńáìjírìá ńì ọ̀dùń 2018 tì ọ̀táń átì ólùdárì jẹ́ Kanọ̀dè Ka su mu. Èré yì ṣè áfìháń Ikponmwosa Gold, [[Omowumi Dada]] átì [[Idowu Philips]] gẹ́gẹ̀ bi olù ẹ́dá ítáń<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nollywoodweek.com/en/team/oga-bolaji/|website=www.nollywoodweek.com|access-date=2020-05-03|title=Ẹda pamosi|archive-date=2019-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007050835/http://www.nollywoodweek.com/en/team/oga-bolaji/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Èré óńíṣè yí jádé ńí ọ̀jọ̀ kèjé oṣù kejè ọ̀dùń 2018 tì áwọ̀ń irísì àwọ̀ń èyáń ńìpá èré ńá ńìpè òdá. <ref>{{Cite web|title=OGA BOLAJI|url=https://www.africanfilmny.org/nyaff26/oga-bolaji/|date=2019-05-13|website=New York African Film Festival|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-03|archive-date=2019-09-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918193902/https://www.africanfilmny.org/nyaff26/oga-bolaji/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Wọ̀ń ṣè áfìháń Ògá Bolaji ńì áwọ̀ń ọ̀dùń káń bì New York African Film Festival, Nollywood week Paris, Zimbabwe International Film Festival, RTF Film Festival, Cardiff Film Festival and Zanzibar International Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria: Kayode Kasum Premieres 'Oga Bolaji' On YouTube|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202004160039.html|last=Augoye|first=Jayne|date=2020-04-16|website=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref> Olùdárì èré yì ṣè áfìháń rẹ́ lọ̀fè lórì [[YouTube]] Ni ọ̀dùń 2020 fun Awọ̀ń eyan ti wọ̀ń wa ni ílé nigba átìmọ̀lè nipa ájákàlẹ̀ Coronavirus [[COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria|coronavirus pandemic in the country]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kayode Kasum premieres ‘Oga Bolaji’ on YouTube|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/388040-kayode-kasum-premieres-oga-bolaji-on-youtube.html|last=Augoye|first=Jayne|date=2020-04-15|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kayode Kasum's 'Oga Bolaji' premieres on YouTube|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/oga-bolaji-premieres-on-youtube/rg2zf2z|date=2020-04-15|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-03|archive-date=2020-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426003611/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/oga-bolaji-premieres-on-youtube/rg2zf2z|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Áfòyèmọ̀ == Oga Bolaji, jẹ́ ákórìń tì kò kọ́ órìń mọ̀ látì igbá tì ótì dì ómọ̀ ógòjì,bẹ́ńì ígbèsì aye re yi pada lati igba ti ó sa la pa de omọ̀ óbíńrìń kèkérè kan ti onẹ́ omọ̀dùń me je.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oga Bolaji|url=https://www.filmlinc.org/films/oga-bolaji/|website=Film at Lincoln Center|language=en|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref> == Awọ̀ń óṣérè == * Ikponmwosa Gold gege bi Oga Bolaji * [[Idowu Philips]] gẹ́gẹ̀ bì Mama Bolaji * [[Omowumi Dada]] gẹ́gẹ̀ bì Victoria * Gregory Ojefua gẹ́gẹ̀ bì Omo * Jasmine Fakunle gẹ́gẹ̀ bì Ajua * [[Ronke Ojo]] * Officer Woos == Awọ̀ń itọ̀kásì == {{Reflist}} == External links == * {{IMDb title|8847418}} hhg7fjtfddi756coc9g6r1856zyoigr 0 74783 624545 620289 2026-07-01T13:35:28Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 624545 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fáìlì:Entrance_of_Owode_Market_in_Offa,_Ilorin.jpg|alt=Owode Market Offa|thumb| Ẹnu Ọnà Ọja Owode Offa]] '''Ọja Owode''' jẹ ọja nla ni [[Ọ̀fà|Offa]], [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Ipinle Kwara]], [[Nàìjíríà|Nigeria]] . <ref>{{Cite book|last=Agiri|first=Babatunde|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LTpnAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=Owode+market&q=Owode+market&hl=en|title=Kola in Western Nigeria, 1850-1950: A History of the Cultivation of Cola Nitida in Ẹgba-Owode, Ijẹbu-Rẹmọ, Iwo and Ọta Areas|date=1972|publisher=University of Wisconsin--Madison|language=en}}</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=LTpnAAAAMAAJ&q=Owode+market</ref> Ọja náà jẹ́ orísun pàtàkì ti ìdàgbàsókè ẹri-ọrọ ajé fún Ọffa àti àwọn àgbègbè àgbègbè <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ẹda pamosi |url=https://ng.infoaboutcompanies.com/Catalog/Kwara/Offa/Supermarket/Owode-Market |access-date=2023-12-26 |archive-date=2023-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405184750/https://ng.infoaboutcompanies.com/Catalog/Kwara/Offa/Supermarket/Owode-Market |dead-url=yes }}</ref> pẹlú àwọn abúlé nítòsí bí Ijagbo, Erin-ile, Ojoku<ref>https://theinformant247.com/offa-residents-lament-biting-effect-of-naira-scarcity/</ref>, Ikotun, Igosun, Ilemona, Irra, Inisha. == Itan Owode == [[Fáìlì:Owode_market_offa.jpg|alt=Owode Merket sign board|right|thumb| Enu Iloro ọja Owode ]] [[Fáìlì:Owode_market._Offa_Kwara_State.jpg|alt=Image of owode market entrance|right|thumb| Àwòrán àwọn Ará Ọja Owode ]] === Ifa jija === Ní Ọjọ́ Kàrún oṣù Kẹrin ní odún 2018, ìlú Ọffa ní ìrírí Ole jíjà kàn èyítí o fà ìpàdánù àwọn ẹ̀min Méjìdínlógún, pẹlú àwọn ọlọ́pàá mẹsan àti ará ìlú mẹjọ. Bákan náà lo tún kàn ọja Owode nígbà iṣẹlẹ yìí <ref>https://opinion.premiumtimesng.com/2018/04/09/offas-day-of-horror-by-suraj-oyewale/</ref>.<ref>https://m.guardian.ng/features/offa-a-community-on-edge-over-armed-robberies/{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Ìjànbá Iná Ni Owode === Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ iná ló ti sẹlẹ̀ ní Ọjà Owode tí ó ṣí yọrí sí ìpàdánù ọjà olówó iyebíye ìgbà àádọ́ta ọ̀kẹ́ [[Náírá|naira]] . Ẹgbẹ́ Àwọn ọmọ Ọffa, ẹgbẹ́ àwùjọ àti àṣà, se Iranlọwọ fún àwọn olùtajà lọja ati awọn ti ọrọ kan, ṣaaju atilẹyin lati ọdọ ìjọba ìpínlẹ̀ kwara. Lara Ìrànlọ́wọ́ tiwọn ṣe niwonyi wọn ṣe ọna fun idasilẹ Oja Owode Títún: àtúnṣe ati àtúnṣe ọja náà láti pàdé àwọn Ipele orilẹ-èdè, ti o ṣeé ṣe pẹlú àwọn ẹbùn láti ọdọ àwọn onínúure àti àwọn onínúure láàrin àgbègbè. Nípa àwọn ìdàgbàsókè wọnyí, Ọja Owode tigba ìyípadà nla. [[Fáìlì:A_vegetable_stand_in_Owode_Market,_Offa,_Kwara_State.jpg|alt=Owode Market Offa vegetables stand|thumb|Ibi tajà Awọn ẹfọ ni Owode ]] == Awọn itọkasi == <references responsive="1"></references> j6neagkeaeykfi00jpb3loyfze3oiam 0 77330 624543 599082 2026-07-01T12:42:00Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 624543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film|name=Oga Bolaji|image=Oga Bolaji poster.jpg|caption=Film poster|director=[[Kayode Kasum]]|producer=Mayowa Bakare|writer=Kayode Kasum<br>Omo Ojeiwa|starring=Ikponmwosa Gold<br>[[Omowumi Dada]]<br>[[Idowu Philips]]|music=|cinematography=|editing=|studio=Kaykas Studios|distributor=|released={{Film date|2018|08|07|df=y}}|runtime=90 minutes|country=Nigeria|language=Afrikaans<br>English<br>Yoruba|budget=|gross=|based_on=}}'''''Oga Bolaji''''' jẹ́ fíìmù ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà tó áde ní ọdún 2018, èyí ti [[Kayode Kasum]] jẹ́ òǹkọ̀tàn àti olùdarí rẹ̀. Lára àwọn òṣèré tó kópa nínú náà ni Ikponmwosa Gold, [[Omowumi Dada]] àti [[Idowu Philips]] gẹ́gẹ́ bí olórí ẹ̀dá-ìtàn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nollywoodweek.com/en/team/oga-bolaji/|website=www.nollywoodweek.com|access-date=2020-05-03|title=Oga Bolaji &#124; NollywoodWeek Film Festival|archive-date=2019-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007050835/http://www.nollywoodweek.com/en/team/oga-bolaji/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Wọ́n gbé fíìmù náà jáde ní ọjọ́ keje oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2018, tí àwọn ènìyàn sì sọ̀rọ̀ dídára nípa rè fún àhùnpọ̀ ìtàn náà.<ref>{{Cite web|title=OGA BOLAJI|url=https://www.africanfilmny.org/nyaff26/oga-bolaji/|date=2019-05-13|website=New York African Film Festival|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-03|archive-date=2019-09-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918193902/https://www.africanfilmny.org/nyaff26/oga-bolaji/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Wọ́n ṣàfihàn fíìmù náà ni àwọn sinima bí i New York African Film Festival, Nollywood week Paris, Zimbabwe International Film Festival, RTF Film Festival, Cardiff Film Festival àti Zanzibar International Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria: Kayode Kasum Premieres 'Oga Bolaji' On YouTube|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202004160039.html|last=Augoye|first=Jayne|date=2020-04-16|website=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref> Olùdarí fíìmù yìí fúnra rẹ̀ ló ṣàfihàn àkọ́kọ́ fún fíìmù yìí náà lórí YouTube ní oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2020 fún àwọn ènìyàn tó wà nílé lásìkò ààkálẹ̀ àrùn Kòrónà.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kayode Kasum premieres 'Oga Bolaji' on YouTube|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/388040-kayode-kasum-premieres-oga-bolaji-on-youtube.html|last=Augoye|first=Jayne|date=2020-04-15|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kayode Kasum's 'Oga Bolaji' premieres on YouTube|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/oga-bolaji-premieres-on-youtube/rg2zf2z|date=2020-04-15|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-03|archive-date=2020-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426003611/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/oga-bolaji-premieres-on-youtube/rg2zf2z|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Ìtàn ní ṣókí == Oga Bolaji sọ nípa ìtàn arákùnrin afẹ̀yìntì lẹ́nu iṣẹ́ kan tó jẹ́ ogójì ọdún, tó sì tún jẹ́ olórin, ní ẹni tí ayé rẹ̀ ní àyípadà ọ̀tun nígbà tí ó ṣalábàápàdé ọmọbìnrin ọlódún méje kan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oga Bolaji|url=https://www.filmlinc.org/films/oga-bolaji/|website=Film at Lincoln Center|language=en|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref> == Àwọn akópa == * Ikponmwosa Gold bíi Oga Bolaji * [[Idowu Philips]] bíi Mama Bolaji * [[Omowumi Dada]] bíi Victoria * Gregory Ojefua bíi Omo * Jasmine Fakunle bíi Ajua * [[Ronke Ojo]] * Officer Woos == Àtòjọ àwọn àmì-ẹ̀yẹ rẹ̀ == {| class="wikitable" !Ọdún !Ayẹyẹ ìgbàmi ẹ̀yẹ !Ẹ̀bùn !Èsì !Ìtọ́ka |- | rowspan="10" |2018 | rowspan="10" |Best of Nollywood Awards |Best Actor in a Lead Role - English - Gold Ikponmwosa |{{nom}} | rowspan="10" |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Augoye|first=Jayne|date=2018-12-10|title=BON Awards 2018: Tope Oshin, Tana Adelana win big|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/300174-bon-awards-2018-tope-oshin-tana-adelana-win-big.html|access-date=2021-10-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |Best Actress in a Lead Role - English - [[Omowumi Dada]] |{{nom}} |- |Best Supporting Actor –English - Greg Ojefua |{{nom}} |- |Best Child Actress - Jasmine Fakunle |{{won}} |- |Movie with the Best Screenplay |{{nom}} |- |Movie with the Best Editing |{{nom}} |- |Movie with the Best Cinematography |{{nom}} |- |Director of the Year - [[Kayode Kasum]] |{{nom}} |- |Movie with the Best Production Design |{{nom}} |- |Movie with the Best Soundtrack |{{nom}} |} == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} mcbb6m1qxce7qgld1sfsctp0rgydr2l 0 78804 624795 608807 2026-07-01T20:30:06Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 New article 624795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Amsatou Sow Sidibé | image = Amsatou Sow Sidibé.jpg | alt = | caption = | birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name --> | birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1953}} | birth_place = | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (DEATH date then BIRTH date) --> | death_place = | nationality = Senegalese | other_names = | occupation = agbẹjọ́rò, olóṣèlú | years_active = | known_for = | notable_works = }} '''Amsatou Sow Sidibé''' tí wọ́n bí ní ọdún 1953) jẹ́ olóṣèlú àti agbẹjọ́rò ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè [[Senegal|Senegal]]. Ní ọdún 2012, ó di obìnrin àkọ́kọ́ láti du ipò ààrẹ orílẹ̀ èdè Senegal.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/senegals-female-presidential-candidate-has-equality-agenda-138803909/159562.html |title=Senegal's Female Presidential Candidate Has Equality Agenda |last=Shryock |first=Ricci |date=2012-02-05 |website=VOA |language=en |access-date=2018-07-20}}</ref> Sidibé jẹ́ ọ̀jọ̀gbọ́n nínú ìmọ̀ òfin ní Cheikh Anta Diop University (ilé-ìwé gigá Dakar), ilé ìwé náà ni ilé fún ètò ẹ̀tọ́ àti àti àlàáfíà.<ref name="womens">{{Cite web |url=https://womensenews.org/2010/02/peacemaking-senegal-has-just-the-woman-2/ |title=For Peacemaking, Senegal Has Just the Woman |last=Amusa |first=Malena |date=2010-02-11 |website=Women's eNews |language=en-US |access-date=2018-07-20}}</ref><ref name="la">{{Cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-jun-06-adfg-wives6-story.html |title=On Thursday, It's Wife No. 3 in Polygamous West Africa |last=Diouf |first=Nafi |date=2004-06-06 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |access-date=2018-07-20}}</ref> Òun náà ni olùdásílẹ̀ African Network for the Promotion of African Women Workers (RAFET), tí ó ka[[Dakar]].<ref name="iknow">{{Cite web |url=http://iknowpolitics.org/en/knowledge-library/interview/amsatou-sow-sidib%C3%A9 |title=Amsatou Sow Sidibé |last=Politics |first=iKNOW |date=2012-06-21 |website=International Knowledge Network of Women in Politics |language=en |access-date=2018-07-20}}</ref> Sidibé kà ìwé ní ilé-ìwé gíga Paris II, ní ibi tí ó ti gba àmì ẹyẹ dókítà nínú ìmọ̀ ofin àti Sáyẹ́nsì òṣèlú.<ref name="WPW">{{Cite web |url=http://wikipeacewomen.org/wpworg/en/?page_id=2819 |title=AMSATOU SOW SIDIBÉ (Senegal) |website=wikipeacewomen.org |language=en-GB |access-date=2018-07-20}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == ebw7hi3jnl76izsoni1ta42utdews5g 0 80523 624797 622757 2026-07-01T20:33:35Z Royalesignature 26633 O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329868021|Tunde Bamidele]]" 624797 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tunde Bamidele''' tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''Rock of [[Gibraltar]]''' (13 May 1953 – 1997) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tẹ́lẹ̀ tí ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù lọ́wọ́ ẹyin fún orílẹ̀èdè [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà]] nínú ìdíje African Cup of Nations ní ọdún 1978 àti ní [[Àwọn Ìdíje Òlímpíkì Ìgbà Oru 1980|Summer Olympics ní ọdún 1980.]] Ó tún gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Raccah Rovers ti ìlú Kano . == Àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ == Bamidele gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba FC. Ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] nínú asekagba ìdíje African Cup of Nations ní ọdún 1980 àti 1982. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 1997]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1953]] 70tds3gbz5jo8pjp18dyzbzjc5xmar8 624799 624797 2026-07-01T20:34:37Z Royalesignature 26633 624799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Tunde Bamidele | image = | caption = | fullname = | birth_date = {{birth date|1953|5|13|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Nigeria]] | death_date = 1997 | height = | position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]] | years1 = –| clubs1 = [[Taraba United of Yola]] | caps1 = -|goals1 = - | nationalyears1 = 1978–1982 | nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]]<ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/nig-recintlp.html Nigeria - Record International Players]</ref>| nationalcaps1 = 35 | nationalgoals1 = 0 }} '''Tunde Bamidele''' tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''Rock of [[Gibraltar]]''' (13 May 1953 – 1997) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tẹ́lẹ̀ tí ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù lọ́wọ́ ẹyin fún orílẹ̀èdè [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà]] nínú ìdíje African Cup of Nations ní ọdún 1978 àti ní [[Àwọn Ìdíje Òlímpíkì Ìgbà Oru 1980|Summer Olympics ní ọdún 1980.]] Ó tún gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Raccah Rovers ti ìlú Kano . == Àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ == Bamidele gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba FC. Ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] nínú asekagba ìdíje African Cup of Nations ní ọdún 1980 àti 1982. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 1997]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1953]] pvnmgkvvl1ompwpjlb26sre893r13ol 624800 624799 2026-07-01T20:37:22Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ */ 624800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Tunde Bamidele | image = | caption = | fullname = | birth_date = {{birth date|1953|5|13|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Nigeria]] | death_date = 1997 | height = | position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]] | years1 = –| clubs1 = [[Taraba United of Yola]] | caps1 = -|goals1 = - | nationalyears1 = 1978–1982 | nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]]<ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/nig-recintlp.html Nigeria - Record International Players]</ref>| nationalcaps1 = 35 | nationalgoals1 = 0 }} '''Tunde Bamidele''' tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''Rock of [[Gibraltar]]''' (13 May 1953 – 1997) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tẹ́lẹ̀ tí ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù lọ́wọ́ ẹyin fún orílẹ̀èdè [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà]] nínú ìdíje African Cup of Nations ní ọdún 1978 àti ní [[Àwọn Ìdíje Òlímpíkì Ìgbà Oru 1980|Summer Olympics ní ọdún 1980.]] Ó tún gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Raccah Rovers ti ìlú Kano . == Àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ == Bamidele gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba FC.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=This Day|title=Nigeria: The dead heroes|author=Solaja, Femi|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200801180136.html|date=18 January 2008}}</ref> Ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] nínú asekagba ìdíje African Cup of Nations ní ọdún 1980 àti 1982. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 1997]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1953]] solklosvxzqaoju7lwsjr83m1u65xji 0 80582 624762 623016 2026-07-01T19:51:44Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 624762 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ọ̀dá ilẹ̀ China ti ọdún 2010 &#x2013; 2011''' jẹ́ ọ̀dá tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìparí ọdún 2010 tí ó sì kan àwọn agbègbè mẹ́jọ ní apá àríwá Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira awọn enìyàn ti China (PRC). Òdá ni èyí tí ó burú jùlọ tí ó kọlu orílẹ̀-èdè náà láàárín ọdún 60, ó sì kan ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn agbègbè tí wọ́n ń ṣe àgbẹ̀ alikama ní PRC. == ọ̀gbẹlẹ̀ == === Okunfa === Ọgbẹ náà bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2010 ní àwọn agbègbè kan, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé àìsí òjò àti yìnyín tó gbòòrò bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní oṣù kẹwàá. <ref name="un" /> Àìsí òjò mú kí yìnyín má bo ilẹ̀ dáadáa, èyí sì mú kí òjò má pa àwọn oko ọkà àlìkámà, ó sì tún dín omi tó wà nínú ilẹ̀ kù. === Àwọn ipa === Àwọn agbègbè Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, àti Shanxi ni ọ̀dá náà ti kọlu. Yàtọ̀ sí pípa àwọn èso àlìkámà run, ọ̀dá náà fa àìtó omi fún àwọn ènìyàn tó tó mílíọ̀nù 2.31 àti ẹran ọ̀sìn mílíọ̀nù 2.57. Láàárín àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ mẹ́jọ náà, 20% ilẹ̀ oko àti 35% gbogbo èso àlìkámà ni ó ní ipa lórí. Ní oṣù Kejì ọdún 2011, ọ̀dá náà kọlu àpapọ̀ tó tó 7,730,000 hektari (19,100,000 eka) ti àlìkámà ìgbà òtútù tí wọ́n ti gbìn tẹ́lẹ̀. Àwọn adágún kan, títí kan Adágún Hong ní ìpínlẹ̀ Hubei, gbẹ gan-an, pẹ̀lú adágún Hubei tí ó dínkù sí ìdá mẹ́jọ ti ilẹ̀ rẹ̀ déédéé àti ìdá mẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n jíjìn rẹ̀ déédéé, èyí sì mú kí àwọn olùgbé agbègbè 3,234 ṣí lọ síbòmíràn. <ref name="TWN">{{Cite news|agency=Reuters|title=Chinese lake shrinks, forcing over 3,000 to relocate|url=http://www.theweathernetwork.com/news/storm_watch_stories3%26stormfile%3Dchinese_lake_shrinks_forcin_020611|accessdate=23 June 2011|journal=The Weather Network News|date=June 2, 2011|archivedate=20 December 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220162250/http://www.theweathernetwork.com/news/storm_watch_stories3%26stormfile%3Dchinese_lake_shrinks_forcin_020611|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bí Àjọ Oúnjẹ àti Àgbẹ̀ ti Ìparapọ̀ Àwọn Orílẹ̀-èdè ti sọ, ó ṣeé ṣe kí ìbàjẹ́ tí ó lè bá ìkórè àlìkámà ní China jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára ​​àwọn ohun tó fà á tí iye owó àlìkámà fi pọ̀ sí i ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ọdún 2011. Nígbà tí ó fi máa di ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ oṣù kẹfà, ọ̀dá náà ti kan àwọn ènìyàn mílíọ̀nù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n, pẹ̀lú mílíọ̀nù mẹ́rin ó lé méjì tí wọ́n ń dojú kọ àìtó omi mímu. Ìbàjẹ́ ọrọ̀ ajé tààrà ti dé bílíọ̀nù mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún [[Renminbi|yuan]] (tó tó bílíọ̀nù 2.3 [[Dọ́là Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà|USD]] ), nígbà tí ọ̀pọ̀ ìpínlẹ̀ lo irúgbìn ìkùukùu láti mú kí òjò àtọwọ́dá rọ̀. <ref name="TWN"/> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlélógún oṣù kẹfà, ènìyàn mílíọ̀nù 3.65 àti ẹran ọ̀sìn mílíọ̀nù 3.47 ni kò ní omi mímu ní àwọn agbègbè olómìnira ti Inner Mongolia àti Ningxia àti àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ Gansu àti Shanxi láìka ìkún omi sí ní àwọn apá mìíràn ní China. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Storm drenches east China while drought plagues northwest|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-06/25/c_13949912.htm|archivedate=June 28, 2011|date=25 June 2011}}</ref> === Òpin === Ní ìparí oṣù kejì àti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ oṣù kẹta, ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìnyín tàbí òjò mẹ́ta kan ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ agbègbè àríwá China, èyí tí ó fi sílẹ̀ pé ó dín ní ìdá mẹ́ta gbogbo ilẹ̀ tí a ti ń ṣe àgbẹ̀ alikama síbẹ̀. <ref name="nytimes" />Òjò náà rọ̀ ní àkókò tí wọ́n gbìn àlìkámà ní ìparí ọdún 2010, tí wọ́n sì nílò omi. <ref name="nytimes" /> Ìgbìn omi ìjọba àti ìsapá ìrànlọ́wọ́ tún ṣe alabapin sí dín ipa ọ̀dá náà kù. <ref name="nytimes" /> Tian Qi Zhu, onímọ̀ nípa àlìkámà ní Yunifásítì Àgbẹ̀ Shandong, sọ ní ọjọ́ keje oṣù kẹta pé “àyàfi àwọn agbègbè kan ní agbègbè òkè Shandong níbi tí omi kò tí ì tó, mo lè sọ pé a ti ṣàkóso ọ̀dá náà.” Láìka ìkún omi sí ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ agbègbè ní ọjọ́ ogún oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2011, mínísítà ìjọba kan ròyìn pé ọ̀dá ṣì ń ní ipa lórí 72.19 mílíọ̀nù mu (4.81 mílíọ̀nù hektari) ní àwọn agbègbè tí omi kò kún ní àwọn agbègbè Hubei, Anhui, àti Jiangsu àti àwọn agbègbè àríwá kan tí omi ti rọ̀. <ref name="crucial">{{Cite news|title=China in crucial moment in flood control, says minister|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/7414146.html}}</ref> == Àkókò Àkókò == * Ọgbẹ ilẹ̀ China àti ìjì eruku ní ọdún 2010 fún ọ̀dá ní ọdún tó kọjá * Ọdun 2010 China rọ̀jò ìkún omi kí ọ̀dá yìí tó dé * Ọdun 2011 ni ọ̀dá yìí ṣì ń bá a lọ ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹfà, ọdún 2011, ní àwọn agbègbè àríwá kan nígbàtí ní àwọn mìíràn, a ti fi ìkún omi China ti ọdún 2011 rọ́pò ọ̀dá náà<ref>{{Cite news|title=Drought persists in northwest as downpour drenches south|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-06/18/c_13936861.htm|archivedate=June 22, 2011|date=18 June 2011}}</ref> == Ìdáhùn == Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ oṣù kejì ọdún 2011, ìjọba orílẹ̀-èdè China ti ná owó tó fẹ́rẹ̀ẹ́ tó [[Dọ́là Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà|US$]] 15 bilionu ní owó ìsanwó fún àwọn àgbẹ̀ àti owó ìrànlọ́wọ́ láti dín owó àwọn ohun èlò bíi epo díẹ́sẹ́lì, àwọn oògùn apakòkòrò, àti ajílẹ̀ kù. Ìjọba kéde ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ oṣù kejì ọdún 2011 ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọgbọ́n láti kojú àwọn ipa ọ̀dá náà. Ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kejì, wọ́n kéde pé wọ́n fojú díwọ̀n pé wọ́n á ná owó tó tó bílíọ̀nù kan dọ́là Amẹ́ríkà láti rí omi tí wọ́n á lò lórí oko àlìkámà, títí kan wíwá nǹkan bíi 1,350 kànga tuntun àti rírán àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ láti China Geological Survey àti Ministry of Land and Resources láti gbìyànjú láti rí àwọn ibi ìpamọ́ omi tuntun ní ìsàlẹ̀ ilẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án àti ọjọ́ kẹwàá oṣù kejì, wọ́n ti lo ìrúgbìn ìkùukùu láti mú kí òjò rọ̀, èyí sì mú kí òjò rọ̀ tó ìwọ̀n yìnyín tó tó milimita mẹ́ta (0.12 in). Ní tààràtà, ìjọba sọ pé ó gbé owó àwọn ọkà kan sókè, ó fún àwọn àgbẹ̀ ní ìrànlọ́wọ́ ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ, ó sì tú ọkà jáde láti inú àkójọ ìṣúra rẹ̀ láti yẹra fún ìlọsókè owó ọjà. <ref name="hindu" /> Àwọn àgbẹ̀ kan tí ọ̀dá náà kàn ń fẹ̀sùn kan ìjọba fún àìṣe tó láti ṣètìlẹ́yìn fún iṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ nígbà ọ̀dá, tàbí fún fífún ìrànlọ́wọ́ ní àkókò pípẹ́ jù. <ref name="guardian" /> Àwọn mìíràn dá ẹ̀bi ìdíwọ́ náà fún lílo omi láti orísun kan, tí a pinnu láti lọ sí àwọn ìdàgbàsókè ilé iṣẹ́ tàbí ibùgbé, fún mímú kí ipa ọ̀dá pọ̀ sí i lórí àwọn oko wọn. == Wo tun == * Àwọn ohun àlùmọ́nì omi ti Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Àwọn Ènìyàn ti Ṣáínà == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:A kò tí ì ṣe àgbéyẹwò sí sí ojú-ewé ògbufọ̀ rẹ]] 69cguppredob0x1zvj1x2u096z0w0ew 0 80604 624764 623097 2026-07-01T19:53:27Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 624764 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fáìlì:Animation_of_US_drought_map_2002.gif|thumb|350x350px|Àwòrán àwòrán ilẹ̀ ọ̀dá ní Amẹ́ríkà ní ọdún 2002]] '''Ọ̀dá Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà ti ọdún 2002''' jẹ́ ọ̀dá tó yanilẹ́nu tó sì léwu tó ní ipa lórí Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Amẹ́ríkà, Àárín Gbùngbùn Amẹ́ríkà àti Àwọn Orílẹ̀-èdè Òkè, àti Ẹ̀ka Òkun Ìlà Oòrùn. == Àkótán Àkótán == Ọ̀dá ọdún 2002 bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ìgbà ìrúwé, ó sì tàn kálẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìpínlẹ̀, títí bí Nebraska, Iowa, Colorado, Wyoming àti Utah.<ref>{{cite web|title=The US Drought of 2002|publisher=NOAA|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2002/ann/paleo-drought.html|accessdate=2009-04-17}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=NOAA Drought Monitor|publisher=NOAA|url=http://drought.unl.edu/dm/archive/2002/drmon0514.htm|accessdate=2009-04-17|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905201648/http://drought.unl.edu/dm/archive/2002/drmon0514.htm|archivedate=2008-09-05}}</ref>Wọ́n fipá mú Denver láti fi àwọn ìdènà omi lé e lọ́wọ́ fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ohun tó lé ní ogún ọdún. Ọ̀dá ọdún 2002 ní ipa búburú ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìpínlẹ̀.<ref>{{cite report|title=The Drought of 2002 in Colorado|publisher=[[Colorado State University|The Colorado State University]]|url=http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/72906.pdf|accessdate=January 22, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Experts See Potential Drought this Summer|newspaper=Kankakee, Illinois Daily Journal|url=https://www.daily-journal.com/news/local/experts-see-potential-drought-this-summer/article_88bee4c8-7c92-5cdb-81af-76f2c3b57a9b.html|accessdate=Dec 11, 2020|date=Apr 9, 2003|archivedate=August 6, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806094805/https://www.daily-journal.com/news/local/experts-see-potential-drought-this-summer/article_88bee4c8-7c92-5cdb-81af-76f2c3b57a9b.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Gẹ́gẹ́ bó ṣe sábà máa ń rí nígbà tí òjò bá ń rọ̀ ní ìlà oòrùn Amẹ́ríkà, ọ̀dá ọdún 2002 jẹ́ nítorí ìtẹ̀síwájú ìwọ̀ oòrùn ti Bermuda High tí ó jẹ́ díẹ̀-títí, èyí tí ó yọrí sí ìṣàn afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbóná sí gúúsù-gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn tí ó sì mú kí afẹ́fẹ́ líle máa ṣàn lọ sí àríwá, ó sì mú kí ìjì náà máa rìn lọ dáadáa sí ìwọ̀ oòrùn. Ìwọ̀n ìjì Bermuda High tún pa afẹ́fẹ́ gbígbóná mọ́ ní ìpele ilẹ̀, ó sì dènà ìṣẹ̀dá àwọsánmà convective. Ní ìyàtọ̀ sí èyí, àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ Midwestern àti Mississippi Valley ní òjò tó rọ̀ gan-an nítorí pé òjò púpọ̀ láti inú àwọn ètò iwájú rọ̀ ní agbègbè náà. Èyí jọ òjò tó rọ̀ ní ìṣáájú gẹ́gẹ́ bí òjò Àríwá Amẹ́ríkà ti ọdún 1999, ṣùgbọ́n ní ọdún 2002 ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kejì àti àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ kan ṣẹlẹ̀ nígbà tí ètò ìfúnpá gíga kan ṣẹ̀dá lórí Òkun ti Mexico, ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tó ṣọ̀wọ́n ní àwọn oṣù ooru. Èyí tún dí ìṣàn omi Gulf sí àríwá. Àìtó òjò pọ̀ sí i láti [[New Jersey]] sí gúúsù sí [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Georgia|Georgia]] àti ní New York àti New England pẹ̀lú àwọn ìpínlẹ̀ Great Lakes àti omi Mississippi tí ó rọ̀ lọ́nà àìròtẹ́lẹ̀. Ìyípadà sí ìrísí El Nino ní ìgbà ìwọ́-oòrùn ọdún 2002 mú kí ipò òjò àti ìtutù túbọ̀ rọ̀ síi fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọdún 2003-04, èyí tí ó pa àìtó òjò rẹ́ kúrò nínú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ọ̀dá ọdún 1998-02. <ref>{{Cite report|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5053/pdf/SIR2005-5053.pdf|title=The Drought of 1998-2002 in North Carolina - Precipitation and hydrologic conditions|date=2005|location=Reston, Virginia|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|last=Weaver|first=J. Curtis}}</ref> == Kánádà == Ọ̀dá ọdún 2002 tún ba àwọn apá kan ní Kánádà jẹ́, pàápàá jùlọ Alberta, Manitoba àti Saskatchewan. <ref>{{Cite report|title=Canada Drought of 2002|publisher=CDC News|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/agriculture/drought2002.html|accessdate=January 23, 2010}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <references /> t16toi2gvy99vtgktym8hwkr1w76del 0 80674 624750 623411 2026-07-01T19:14:56Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 624750 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Infobox weather event/styles.css" /> {{Infobox weather event|name=1962 North Sea flood|image=Hamburg Sturmflut 007.jpg|image-upright=|alt=|caption=Flooded streets in [[Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg]]|duration=16–17 February 1962|date=}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects|damages=[[Deutschmark|DM]] 3 billion (Hamburg only)<ref>{{cite web|title=Rückblick auf Hamburger Flutkatastrophe, Hamburg, 15 February 2012|url=http://www.radiohamburg.de/Nachrichten/Hamburg-aktuell/Panorama/2012/Februar/Rueckblick-auf-Hamburger-Flutkatastrophe-50.-Jahrestag-der-Sturmflut-1962|website=radiohamburg.de|language=de|access-date=25 April 2015|archive-date=15 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815190632/https://www.radiohamburg.de/Nachrichten/Hamburg-aktuell/Panorama/2012/Februar/Rueckblick-auf-Hamburger-Flutkatastrophe-50.-Jahrestag-der-Sturmflut-1962|url-status=dead}}</ref>|fatalities=347<ref>{{cite web|title=Historical storm surge events|url=http://www.munichre.com/app_pages/www/@res/pdf/media_relations/press_dossiers/50th-anniversary-storm-surge-hamburg/historical-storm-surge-events-en.pdf|publisher=Munich Re|access-date=24 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903223532/http://www.munichre.com/app_pages/www/@res/pdf/media_relations/press_dossiers/50th-anniversary-storm-surge-hamburg/historical-storm-surge-events-en.pdf|archive-date=3 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>|affected=[[North Sea]] coast of [[Germany]] and the [[Netherlands]]}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer}}<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{History of Hamburg}} [[Fáìlì:Hamburg_Sturmflut_1962.png|thumb|Maapu awọn agbegbe ti omi kun ni Hamburg ni ọdun 1962]] '''Ìkún omi Òkun Àríwá ti ọdún 1962''' jẹ́ àjálù àdánidá kan tí ó kan àwọn agbègbè etíkun ti Ìwọ̀-Oòrùn Germany àti pàápàá jùlọ ìlú Hamburg ní alẹ́ láti ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù Kejì sí ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1962. Lápapọ̀, ilé àwọn ènìyàn bí 60,000 ni ó bàjẹ́, iye àwọn tí ó kú sì jẹ́ 315 ní Hamburg. Ìjì líle tí ó fa ìkún omi náà ti kọjá United Kingdom tẹ́lẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Great Sheffield Gale, ó ba ìlú Sheffield jẹ́, ó sì pa ènìyàn mẹ́sàn-án. == Àwọn okùnfà == Ìkún omi náà wáyé nípasẹ̀ ètò Vincinette low-pressure system,<ref>{{cite web|title=Wenn wir diese Nacht bloß überleben!|date=30 March 2009|url=http://www.bild.de/news/60-jahre-bundesrepublik-deutschland/flut/orkantief-vincinette-1962-7443098.bild.html|publisher=bild.de|access-date=10 April 2012|language=de}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> tí a mọ̀ sí Great Sheffield Gale, tí ó ń sún mọ́ German Bight láti gúúsù Òkun Polar. Ìjì líle kan ní ilẹ̀ Yúróòpù pẹ̀lú iyàrá afẹ́fẹ́ gíga ti igba km/h ti omi sínú Ilẹ̀ Jẹ́mánì, èyí tí ó fa ìṣàn omi tí àwọn odò kò le fara dà. Àwọn ìbúgbàù ní etíkun àti àwọn odò Elbe àti Weser fa ìkún omi tí ó gbòòrò ní àwọn agbègbè ńlá. Ní Hamburg, ní odò Elbe, ṣùgbọ́n ní ìwọ̀n 100 km sí etíkun, àwọn agbègbè ibùgbé ní Wilhelmsburg ló ní ipa jùlọ.   [[Fáìlì:Sturmflut-Hamburg.jpg|left|thumb|Ibajẹ iṣan omi lori Fährstraße, Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg]] Ní ọjọ́bọ̀, ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kejì, àwọn aláṣẹ ilẹ̀ Jámánì tẹ̀ ìkìlọ̀ ìjì àkọ́kọ́ jáde fún Òkun Àríwá pẹ̀lú iyára afẹ́fẹ́ tó dé Beaufort 9. Ìkìlọ̀ ìjì líle kan tẹ̀lé e ní ọjọ́ kejì, pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n tí a sọ tẹ́lẹ̀ pé yóò ga tó mítà mẹ́ta ju ti àtẹ̀yìnwá lọ, èyí tí ó jẹ́ ìpele tí àwọn dyke náà lè fara dà. == Ìjì náà == Ìjì líle àti ìkún omi tó fà ní àwọn wákàtí ìkẹyìn ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kejì ní ipa lórí àwọn ọkọ̀ ojú omi tó pọ̀ ju bí a ti sọ tẹ́lẹ̀ lọ, ó sì fa ìrúfin tó tó adota kí àwọn aláṣẹ tó kéde ìrókì fún Hamburg. Ní àkókò yìí, ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọ́fíìsì ìlú ni wọ́n ti pa, èyí tó mú kí ìròkìkì àwọn ènìyàn dínkù. Àwọn ètò ààbò ìlú kò tíì ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ rẹ̀. [[Fáìlì:Hamburg_Sturmflut_023.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Àwọn ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ tó bàjẹ́ lẹ́yìn ìkún omi]] Nítorí ìfọ̀rọ̀wérọ̀ lórí tẹlifóònù, a kò lè fi àwọn ìkìlọ̀ ránṣẹ́ láti ọ́fíìsì pajawiri etíkun sí àwọn ọ́fíìsì pajawiri inú ìlú. Ìbàjẹ́ nínú àwọn ìlà siren itaniji àti àwọn ìlà iná mànàmáná ní ipa búburú lórí ètò ìkìlọ̀ náà. Àwọn olùfẹ́ rédíò ní láti dá àwọn iṣẹ́ pajawiri sílẹ̀ láti ṣètìlẹ́yìn fún àwọn iṣẹ́ pajawiri gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀nà ìbánisọ̀rọ̀. Ni ayika ọganjọ, awọn gogo ga ju fun diẹ ninu awọn dykes lati koju. Awọn ẹhin ti awọn dykes ko ni odi, nitorina awọn omi akọkọ ti o wa ni oke run awọn dykes lati ẹhin o si pa ọna fun ikun omi naa. Helmut Schmidt, ọmọ ilé ìgbìmọ̀ ọlọ́pàá Hamburg nígbà náà, ló ṣètò iṣẹ́ ìgbàlà náà, ó sì béèrè fún ìrànlọ́wọ́ pajawiri láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè jákèjádò ìwọ̀ oòrùn Yúróòpù. Ó tún pe àwọn ẹ̀yà Bundeswehr tuntun tí wọ́n dá sílẹ̀ láti ran lọ́wọ́ pẹ̀lú ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ pajawiri náà, pàápàá jùlọ àwọn onímọ̀ ẹ̀rọ. Èyí túmọ̀ sí pé ó kọjá àṣẹ òfin rẹ̀, ó sì fojú fo òfin òfin Germany lórí lílo ọmọ ogun fún “àwọn ọ̀ràn inú”—àkọlé kan tí kò ní àjálù kò sí títí di ọdún 1968. Ó tún rí ìrànlọ́wọ́ àwọn ọkọ̀ òfúrufú láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè NATO mìíràn. Omi kún ìlú Hamburg tó tó ọgọ́fà kìlómítà onígun mẹ́rin tàbí ìdá mẹ́fà, ó sì ba ilé ẹgbẹ̀rún mẹ́fà jẹ́. Àwọn òpópónà kò ṣeé lò mọ́, iṣẹ́ ojú irin sì dáwọ́ dúró, èyí tó túmọ̀ sí wípé àwọn ohun èlò kò lè dé ìlú náà. == Àbájáde == [[Gíríìsì|Greece]] fi ẹ̀ẹ́dẹ́gbẹ̀ta tọ́ọ̀nù èso àjàrà sí àwọn ènìyàn Hamburg lẹ́yìn ìkún omi náà. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.abendblatt.de/archiv/article.php?xmlurl=http://archiv.abendblatt.de/ha/1962/xml/19620621xml/habxml62_30215.xml&pdfurl=http://archiv.abendblatt.de/ha/1962/pdf/19620621.pdf/ASV_HAB_19620621_HA_003.jpg|archivedate=June 30, 2013|title=Korinthen-Geschenk für Heime und Schulen|date=21 June 1962|work=[[Hamburger Abendblatt]]|page=2|language=de|access-date=23 May 2013}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n gbé àwọn ètò pajawiri kalẹ̀, wọ́n sì dín àwọn dykes kù, wọ́n sì fún wọn lágbára, èyí sì mú kí àwọn apá odò àti àwọn ìṣàn omi díẹ̀ gé kúrò nínú òkun. == Wo tun == * Ìtàn Hamburg * Ìkún omi Òkun Àríwá ti ọdún 1953 * Ìjì líle Òkun Àríwá * Àkójọ àwọn ìkún omi ní Yúróòpù * Àkójọ àwọn ìkún omi tó burú jùlọ == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} == Kíkà síwájú síi == <templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat|North Sea flood of 1962}} * Lamb, HH àti Frydendahl, Knud (1991). ''Àwọn Ìjì Ìtàn ti Òkun Àríwá, Àwọn Erékùṣù Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti Àríwá Ìwọ̀ Oòrùn Yúróòpù'' . Cambridge University Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-521-37522-1|<bdi>978-0-521-37522-1</bdi>]] * Sönnichsen, Uwe, Staritz, Hans-Werner: Trutz, blanke Hans – Bilddokumentation der Flutkatastrophen 1962 ati 1976 in Schleswig-Holstein und Hamburg, Husum Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Husum 1978, (ní èdè Jámánì) * Schuller, Alexander: "Sturmflut über Hamburg. Die Nacht, in der eine Stadt ertrank – Ein Tatsachenroman", . * Heßler, Martina, Kehrt, Christian (Hrsg.): ''Die Hamburger Sturmflut von 1962.'' ''Risikobewusstsein und Katastrophenschutz aus zeit-, technik- und umweltgeschichtlicher Perspektive'' (= ''Umwelt und Gesellschaft'' 1). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen ni ọdun 2014, . * Carstensen, Holger (Hrsg.): ''Schwarze Landschaft nach Sturm.'' ''Der Hamburger Künstler Arnold Fiedler erlebt kú Hamburger Sturmflut von 1962.'' Verlag Cord Oltmanns, Hamburg 2011, . * Carstensen, Holger: Schwarze Landschaft nach Sturm. Arnold Fiedler erlebt kú Hamburger Sturmflut von 1962 Verlag Cord Oltmanns, Hamburg 2011, . * Schäfer, Katrin: ''"Davongekommen" Die Sturmflut an der schleswig-holsteinischen Westküste'' . Husum Verlag, Husum 2012, . rkqbwasbgy9jfsjad08bnivt2x28ye1 0 80696 624544 623875 2026-07-01T13:25:26Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 624544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event|name=Pepsi fruit juice flood|date=April 25, 2017|time=|Location=[[Lebedyan]], [[Russia]] and the [[Don (river)|Don River]]|cause=Pepsi warehouse collapse|coordinates={{Coord|display=inline,title}}}}'''Ìkún omi eso Pepsi''' jẹ́ ìkún omi àwọn agba 94,000 (lita mílíọ̀nù 14; mita onigun 14,000; galọn mílíọ̀nù 3.4 ti Amẹ́ríkà) ti omi èso àti ewébẹ̀ sí òpópónà Lebedyan, Russia, àti Odò Don, tí ilé ìtọ́jú PepsiCo kan wó lulẹ̀ fà.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tv.mk.ru/video/2017/04/25/kiselnye-berega-v-lebedyani-proizoshlo-navodnenie-iz-tysyach-litrov-soka.html|title=Кисельные берега: в Лебедяни произошло наводнение из тысяч литров сока|date=April 25, 2017|work=Moskovsky Komsolets|access-date=November 11, 2018|language=ru|archivedate=May 30, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530192714/https://tv.mk.ru/video/2017/04/25/kiselnye-berega-v-lebedyani-proizoshlo-navodnenie-iz-tysyach-litrov-soka.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> == Ìtàn == Ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹrin ọdún 2017, òrùlé ilé ìtajà PepsiCo kan wó lulẹ̀ láìròtẹ́lẹ̀. Ilé ìtajà náà wà ní Lebedyan, àárín gbùngbùn iṣẹ́ Pepsi ní Rọ́síà, tí Lebedyansky, ẹ̀ka PepsiCo, sì ń ṣiṣẹ́. Oríṣiríṣi omi èso àti ewébẹ̀ ló wà nínú ilé ìtajà náà. Ìwólulẹ̀ òrùlé náà fa ìpalára kékeré méjì, ó sì fi omi 28,000,000 (7,400,000 US gal) ránṣẹ́ sí òpópónà Lebedyan àti Odò Don. Síbẹ̀síbẹ̀, kò sí ikú kankan tó jẹyọ láti inú ìtújáde omi náà. <ref name="Smith 2018">{{Cite news|url=http://fortune.com/2017/04/25/a-pepsi-warehouse-in-russia-just-collapsed-and-flooded-a-town/|title=A Pepsi Warehouse in Russia Just Collapsed and Flooded a Town|last=Smith|first=Geoffrey|date=April 25, 2017|work=Fortune|access-date=November 11, 2018}}</ref> Àníyàn kan wà pé omi náà lè ba àyíká omi tó wà ní Odò Don jẹ́, àmọ́ àwọn àpẹẹrẹ omi kò fi ẹ̀rí ìbàjẹ́ àyíká tó jẹ́yọ láti inú ìtújáde omi hàn. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/town-flooded-28-million-litres-10302667|title=Town flooded by 28 million litres of Pepsi after soft drink factory collapse|last=McDougall|first=Zoey|date=April 26, 2017|work=Mirror|access-date=November 11, 2018}}</ref> Àwọn aláṣẹ PepsiCo tọrọ àforíjì fún ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà, wọ́n fún wọn ní àǹfààní láti san gbogbo ìbàjẹ́ tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀, wọ́n sì sọ pé àwọn ń bá àwọn aláṣẹ ìbílẹ̀ ṣiṣẹ́ láti mọ ohun tó fa ìwólulẹ̀ ilé ìtọ́jú náà. <ref name="Smith 2018"/> == Wo tun == * Àkójọ àwọn ìkún omi tí kì í ṣe omi == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} mlpqan6wl0bygz5zkgxrilb8gbnjpe8 0 80698 624743 623877 2026-07-01T19:11:04Z InternetArchiveBot 22272 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 624743 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox event|name=1957 Valencia flood|image=Historia30-valencia - Valencia anegada por la riada de 1957.jpg|image_size=|image_alt=|Image_Caption=Flooding of the Turia river|date=14 October 1957|Location=[[Valencia]], [[Province of Valencia]]|cause=|Deaths=at least 81 deaths<ref name="LP">[http://eltiempo.lasprovincias.es/las-cosas-del-clima/riada-valencia-del-14-octubre-1957 La riada de Valencia del 14 de octubre de 1957], Las Provincias, 20 January 2012</ref>|injuries=|missing=|property_damage=10–16 billion [[Spanish peseta|peseta]]s|website=}}Ìkún omi kan ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 1957 ní ìlú Valencia, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Spain, <ref>({{Langx|es|'''gran riada de Valencia'''}}; Valencian/Catalan: '''''Gran Riuada de València''''')</ref>Ó fa ìbàjẹ́ tó pọ̀ sí dúkìá, ó sì fa ikú àwọn ènìyàn tó kéré tán mọ́kànlélọ́gọ́rin. Ní ìdáhùn sí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìbànújẹ́ náà, ìjọba Sípéènì ṣe àgbékalẹ̀ Plan Sur, èyí tó yí ọ̀nà padà sí odò Turia tó jẹ́ odò pàtàkì ìlú náà. == Àpẹ̀rẹ̀ == Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìkún omi ló ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní Valencia, láti ọdún 1321 sí 1897. A ṣírò pé ìkún omi tó tó 75 ló ti ṣẹlẹ̀ ní ọ̀rúndún méje ṣáájú ìkún omi ọdún 1957. == Àjálù náà == Nígbà òtútù ọjọ́ mẹ́ta, òjò ńlá rọ̀ ní ìlú náà àti ní òkè odò Túria ní ọjọ́ Sátidé, ọjọ́ kejìlá oṣù kẹwàá, ó sì rọlẹ̀ ní alẹ́ ọjọ́ náà. <ref name="LaV">{{Cite news|url=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1957/10/15/pagina-10/32769770/pdf.html|title=El desbordamiento del río Turia|newspaper=[[La Vanguardia]]|date=15 October 1957|pages=10–11|language=es}}</ref> Òjò náà tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í rọ̀ ní òwúrọ̀ ọjọ́ kejì ní nǹkan bí agogo méje ààbọ̀. Àwọn ìlú Chelva, Casinos àti Ademuz ló ní ipa pàtàkì, omi sì ń rọ̀ díẹ̀díẹ̀. Òjò náà sì ń rọ̀ títí di ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹwàá. Ní Valencia, òjò ńlá rọ̀ ní nǹkan bí ọ̀sán gangan ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá. <ref name="LaV" /> Nígbà tí àwọn òpópónà àtijọ́ kan ní àárín gbùngbùn ìtàn Valencia, bíi Calle del Micalet, Plaza de la Reina àti Plaza del Michalet, kò lè bàjẹ́ rárá, àwọn afárá tuntun àti àwọn agbègbè ní àríwá odò náà, bíi Zaidia àti Campanar, fara pa. Ní agbègbè Marxalanes, àwọn òpópónà kan wà lábẹ́ {{Convert|5|m}} ti omi. <ref name="ABC">{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.es/hemeroteca/historico-13-08-2007/abc/Valencia/hasta-aqui-llego-la-riada_164364057827.html|title=Hasta aquí llegó la riada|date=13 August 2007}}</ref> Agbegbe Natzaret nitosi ibudo Valencia ni a ti ke kuro ninu iyoku ilu naa. <ref name="LaV" /> Ilu naa ni gbogbogbo ko ni omi, gaasi ati ina ati pe o ni ipa ninu 75% ti iṣowo ati ile-iṣẹ. <ref name="LaV" /> Nǹkan bi ile 5,800 ni a parun, ti o fi nnkan bi idile 3,500 silẹ laini ile. <ref name="ABC" /> Iye iku ikẹhin jẹ o kere ju, eniyan mọ́kànlélọ́gọ́rin. == Ìdáhùn == Àwọn ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Murcia, Madrid, Barcelona àti àwọn agbègbè tí ó yí i ká yára ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́, bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìkún omi ti ń ba àwọn ọ̀nà pàtàkì tí ó lọ sí ìlú náà jẹ́ kí àwọn ìsapá ìgbàlà láti òde wá dí wọn lọ́wọ́. <ref name="LaV"/> Wọ́n kó àwọn ọmọ ogun ilẹ̀ Sípéènì lọ sí ẹ̀gbẹ́ àwọn òṣìṣẹ́ pajawiri láti ran àwọn ènìyàn lọ́wọ́ nínú iṣẹ́ ìwẹ̀nùmọ́ náà. <ref name="LaV" /> Ìkún omi náà ṣẹlẹ̀ nígbà tí ìjọba ń ṣe ìpàdé ní Barcelona. Mínísítà tó ń ṣe iṣẹ́ náà, Luis Carrero Blanco, dá àwọn ìpàdé náà dúró láti fi Vicente Mortes Alfonso sí ipò àbójútó wíwá ilé fún ìgbà díẹ̀ fún àwọn tí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ náà ti sọ di aláìnílé. <ref name="book1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j34IfEBtTLMC&pg=PA479|title=Valencia y las Valencias: su historia contemporánea (1800–1975)}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlélógún oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 1957, aláṣẹ ìjọba ilẹ̀ Sípéènì Francisco Franco ṣèbẹ̀wò sí ìlú Valencia, ó sì ṣèlérí pé ìjọba yóò fún àwọn tó ní ìṣòro náà ní owó láti tún ìlú náà kọ́, yóò sì pèsè àwọn nǹkan tó yẹ fún wọn. <ref name="book1" /> Ní ìdáhùn sí ìjábá náà, Cortes Spanish fohùn ṣọ̀kan fọwọ́ sí Plan Sur ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 1961. Èyí yí ọ̀nà Turia padà sí gúúsù Valencia, kìlómítà mẹ́ta sí ipa ọ̀nà ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ rẹ̀.<ref name="ABC"/> Ọ̀nà tuntun náà gùn tó kìlómítà méjìlá (7.5 mi) àti fífẹ̀ tó mítà mẹ́tàléláàádọ́rin (574 ft). <ref name="ABC" /> Láìka àwọn àtakò láti ọ̀dọ̀ Quart de Poblet àti Mislata, àwọn ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ ní ìwọ̀ oòrùn Valencia tí ètò náà kàn,[1] iṣẹ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1964 ó sì parí ní ọdún 1973. <ref name="ABC" /> == Wo tun == * Ìjì Gloria, ó fa ìkún omi líle ní agbègbè Valencia ní oṣù kìíní ọdún 2020 * Oṣù Kẹ̀wàá ọdún 2024, ìkún omi ní Sípéènì, èyí tí àwọn ipa búburú jùlọ nínú rẹ̀ wà ní Agbègbè Valencia * Àkójọ àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ìtútù == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde == * [http://comunidad.levante-emv.com/servicios/galeriasMultimedia/index.jsp?pIdGaleria=162 Àwọn fọ́tò ìbẹ̀wò Francisco Franco sí Valencia lẹ́yìn ìkún omi náà. Àkójọpọ̀ rẹ̀] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109095857/http://comunidad.levante-emv.com/servicios/galeriasMultimedia/index.jsp?pIdGaleria=162 |date=2013-11-09 }} Archived , Levante-EMV.com, tí a wọlé sí ní ọjọ́ kẹsàn-án oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2013 383pkmwiy7xosaifxcltwv21ilrv9km 0 80775 624538 624397 2026-07-01T12:25:53Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí */ 624538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = United Sikkim | image = United Sikkim FC.svg | upright = 0.9 | fullname = United Sikkim Football Club | nickname = The Snow Lions | short name = USFC | founded = {{start date and age|2011}} | ground = {{ubl|[[Paljor Stadium]]|[[Bhaichung Stadium]] (selected matches)}} | capacity = 30,000 <br/> 15,000 | owner = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] | mgrtitle = Head coach | manager = | league = | season = | position = | current = | pattern_la1 = | pattern_b1 = | pattern_ra1 = | leftarm1 = 00BFFF | body1 = 00BFFF | rightarm1 = 00BFFF | shorts1 = 00BFFF | socks1 = 00BFFF | pattern_la2 = | pattern_b2 = | pattern_ra2 = | leftarm2 = FFFFFF | body2 = FFFFFF | rightarm2 = FFFFFF | shorts2 = 00BFFF | socks2 = 000000 | pattern_la3 = | pattern_b3 = _2redbluemiddlestripes | pattern_ra3 = | pattern_so3 = | leftarm3 = FFFFFF | body3 = FFFFFF | rightarm3 = FFFFFF | shorts3 = FFFFFF | socks3 = FFFFFF | website = }} [[File:Bhaichung Bhutia at the NDTV Marks for Sports event 21.jpg|thumb|200px|Bhaichung Bhutia, olùdásílẹ̀ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà àti olórí àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù United Sikkim nígbà kàn rí.]] '''United Sikkim Football club''' Jẹ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè Indian èyítí o wà ní ìlú Gangtok, Sikkim<ref>{{cite web|title=2nd Div I-League: Babatunde guides Royals to second win|url=http://theshillongtimes.com/2014/04/06/2nd-div-i-league-babatunde-guides-royals-to-second-win/|access-date=8 July 2020|publisher=The Shillong Times|date=6 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712092457/http://theshillongtimes.com/2014/04/06/2nd-div-i-league-babatunde-guides-royals-to-second-win/|archive-date=12 July 2020}}</ref> tí wọ́n ṣe idasile rẹ ní ọdún 2011.<ref name=Founded>{{cite web|last=Bhutani|first=Rahul|title=Chirag United and United Sikkim: The Two Extremes of Indian Football|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/chirag-united-and-united-sikkim-the-two-extremes-of-indian-football/|publisher=The Hard Tackle|access-date=16 September 2012|archive-date=14 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714070941/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/chirag-united-and-united-sikkim-the-two-extremes-of-indian-football/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=Goalie365|title=Sikkim Football Association released the fixture for 2018 Sikkim Premier Division League at football house in Gangtok.|url=http://www.goalie365.com/show_details.php?article_id=2315/Sikkim%20Premier%20Division%20League%202018%20fixtures%20announced|access-date=16 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722011358/http://www.goalie365.com/show_details.php?article_id=2315/Sikkim%20Premier%20Division%20League%202018%20fixtures%20announced|date=16 July 2018|archive-date=22 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ní o hun kópa nínú ìdíje Sikkim Premier Division League.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sikkim Premier League kicks off today|url=http://www.sikkimexpress.com/NewsDetails?ContentID=77028&SectionID=|access-date=24 August 2019|website=sikkimexpress.com|publisher=[[Sikkim Express]]|date=24 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830083745/http://www.sikkimexpress.com/NewsDetails?ContentID=77028&SectionID=|archive-date=30 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Yuvraj|last=Gurung|title=Sikkim Premier Division League 2019: Update|url=https://theawayend.co/2019/09/17/sikkim-premier-division-league-2019-update/|access-date=17 September 2019|website=theawayend.co|publisher=The Away End|date=17 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512234746/https://theawayend.co/2019/09/17/sikkim-premier-division-league-2019-update/|archive-date=12 May 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> United Sikkim jẹ ọkan ṣoṣo ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti ìlú Sikkim tíó kópa nínú ìdíje I-League,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mohan|first1=Srinivasan|title=China calling for United Sikkim's Sandesh Jhingan – report|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2013/02/07/3732703/china-calling-for-united-sikkims-sandesh-jhingan-report|access-date=10 October 2016|work=Goal.com|date=7 February 2013|archive-date=18 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018193756/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2013/02/07/3732703/china-calling-for-united-sikkims-sandesh-jhingan-report}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=United Sikkim vs. Dempo 1 – 2|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/28/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/dempo-sports-club/1394166/|website=Soccerway|accessdate=28 December 2014|archive-date=5 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505204127/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/28/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/dempo-sports-club/1394166/}} {{cite web|title=Pune vs. United Sikkim 2 – 2|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/11/24/india/i-league/pune-fc/united-sikkim-sc/1394187/|website=Soccerway|accessdate=28 December 2014|archive-date=22 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422080403/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/11/24/india/i-league/pune-fc/united-sikkim-sc/1394187/}}</ref> èyítí o jé ìpele tíó ga jùlọ nínú eré ìdárayá ní orílè-èdè India.<ref>{{cite web|title=United Sikkim vs. Air India 5 – 0|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/03/27/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/air-india/1395254/|work=Soccerway|access-date=27 March 2013|archive-date=27 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327132226/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/03/27/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/air-india/1395254/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=United Sikkim 3–2 Salgaocar|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/06/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/salgaocar-sports-club/1394143/|website=Soccerway.com|access-date=6 May 2021|archive-date=21 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121205326/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/06/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/salgaocar-sports-club/1394143/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pune FC logged their first win of the season with a 1–0 win over United Sikkim FC in a Group-D Federation Cup encounter|url=http://punefc.com/?match-reports=federation-cup-united-sikkim-0-1-pune-fc|publisher=Pune Football Club|date=20 September 2012|access-date=12 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103113306/http://punefc.com/?match-reports=federation-cup-united-sikkim-0-1-pune-fc|archive-date=3 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wọ́n pè é ní "Snow Lions",<ref>{{cite web|last=Nakashe|first=Mrunal|title=Pailan Arrows 1–1 United Sikkim: Tirthankar Sarkar strikes late on to break Sikkim hearts|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/96246/pailan-arrows-vs-united-sikkim-football-club/report|website=Goal.com|date=28 January 2013|access-date=3 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808155031/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/arrows-vs-united-sikkim/1395224/report|archive-date=8 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> United Sikkim lo pápá ìṣeré Paljor Stadium gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìgbàlèjó.<ref name="Update">{{cite news|first=Yuvraj|last=Gurung|title=Sikkim Premier Division League 2019: Update|url=https://theawayend.co/2019/09/17/sikkim-premier-division-league-2019-update/|access-date=17 September 2019|website=theawayend.co|publisher=The Away End|date=17 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002060745/https://theawayend.co/2019/09/17/sikkim-premier-division-league-2019-update/|archive-date=2 October 2019}}</ref> pápá ìṣeré náà èyítí Báichung Bhutia,<ref name="India vs Bayern Munich">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Baichung-to-play-farewell-match-against-Bayern-Munich/articleshow/11010508.cms|title=Baichung to play farewell match against Bayern Munich|work=The Times of India|publisher=The Times Group|date=6 December 2011|access-date=10 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210150835/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Baichung-to-play-farewell-match-against-Bayern-Munich/articleshow/11010508.cms|archive-date=10 December 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> ẹniti ó ti fìgbà kàn jẹ olórí àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún orílẹ̀èdè India tẹ́lẹ̀rí,<ref name=Owners>{{cite web|last=Sengupta|first=Rahul|title=India: Dazzling Launch For United Sikkim As Bhaichung Bhutia Shows Indian Football Does Have Investors|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1838/i-league-division-ii/2011/03/22/2406841/india-dazzling-launch-for-united-sikkim-as-bhaichung-bhutia|website=Goal.com|date=22 March 2011|access-date=16 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406085245/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1838/i-league-division-ii/2011/03/22/2406841/india-dazzling-launch-for-united-sikkim-as-bhaichung-bhutia|archive-date=6 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> wọ́n se àgbékalẹ̀ pápá ìṣeré náà láti fún àwọn ènìyàn ìpínlẹ̀ Sikkim ní ànfàní láti lè kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì orílẹ̀èdè India.<ref name=Owners>{{cite web|last=Sengupta|first=Rahul|title=India: Dazzling Launch For United Sikkim As Bhaichung Bhutia Shows Indian Football Does Have Investors|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1838/i-league-division-ii/2011/03/22/2406841/india-dazzling-launch-for-united-sikkim-as-bhaichung-bhutia|website=Goal.com|date=22 March 2011|access-date=16 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406085245/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1838/i-league-division-ii/2011/03/22/2406841/india-dazzling-launch-for-united-sikkim-as-bhaichung-bhutia|archive-date=6 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ní oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2019, Bhaichung Bhutia kéde pé wọ́n ti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà pa látàrí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tíó kọjá agbára ohùn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-bhaichung-bhutia-shut-down-united-sikkim-fc/bhbauqzqps9b1sur0ygemdrc4|title=Indian football: Bhaichung Bhutia decides to shut down United Sikkim FC|website=Goal.com|access-date=26 September 2019|date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926093504/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-bhaichung-bhutia-shut-down-united-sikkim-fc/bhbauqzqps9b1sur0ygemdrc4|archive-date=26 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nígbà ayẹyẹ idagbere, ó dúpẹ́ lọ́wọ́ gbogbo àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù, òṣìṣẹ́ àti àwọn olólùfẹ́ tí wọ́n ti ẹgbẹ́ náà lẹ́yìn fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eastmojo.com/sikkim/2019/09/24/emotional-farewell-to-players-as-united-sikkim-fc-shuts-down|title=Emotional farewell to players as United Sikkim FC shuts down|website=EastMojo.com|first=Dichen|last=Ongmu|language=en|access-date=2019-09-26|date=2019-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926093457/https://www.eastmojo.com/sikkim/2019/09/24/emotional-farewell-to-players-as-united-sikkim-fc-shuts-down|archive-date=26 September 2019}}</ref> Wọ́n tún gbé ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà dìde ní oṣù kìíní ọdún 2021, pẹ̀lú èrò láti kópa nínú ìdíje Indian Super League.<ref>{{cite web|agency=Press Trust of India|title=United Sikkim revived, Bhaichung Bhutia says aim is to bring ISL into state |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/united-sikkim-revived-bhaichung-bhutia-says-aim-is-to-bring-isl-into-state/articleshow/80098738.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 January 2021|access-date=5 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104123834/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/united-sikkim-revived-bhaichung-bhutia-says-aim-is-to-bring-isl-into-state/articleshow/80098738.cms|archive-date=4 January 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Yàtọ̀ sí ṣíṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún àwọn àgbà àti ọ̀dọ́, a óò túbọ̀ tẹnu mọ́ bí a ṣe ń mú àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti àwọn abúlé wá láti ní ànfàní láti kópa nínú eré ìdárayá bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá ní orílè-èdè India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian football: Bhaichung Bhutia-owned United Sikkim FC revived with aim to take part in ISL |url=https://scroll.in/field/983124/indian-football-bhaichung-bhutia-owned-united-sikkim-fc-revived-with-aim-to-take-part-in-isl|access-date=5 January 2021|website=Scroll.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104131316/https://scroll.in/field/983124/indian-football-bhaichung-bhutia-owned-united-sikkim-fc-revived-with-aim-to-take-part-in-isl|archive-date=4 January 2021}}</ref> === Àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tíó ń pèsè aṣọ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù àti àwọn tíó ṣe ònígbówọ rẹ=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em;float:center" |- !Period !Kit manufacturer !Shirt sponsor !Tracksuit uniform |- |2011 |rowspan=3|[[Nike, Inc.|Nike]]<ref name="HT report"/> |EMTA<ref>{{cite web|first=Nilesh|last=Bhattacharya|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/bhutia-launches-united-sikkim-club-in-new-avatar/articleshow/7763137.cms?from=mdr|title=Bhaichung Bhutia launches United Sikkim in new avatar|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 October 2021|date=23 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121065938/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/bhutia-launches-united-sikkim-club-in-new-avatar/articleshow/7763137.cms?from=mdr|archive-date=21 January 2022}}</ref> | |- |2012 |rowspan=2|URO<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newkerala.com/news/fullnews-52545.html|title=Two-week camp not enough: Baichung Bhutia|agency=IBNS|website=newkerala.com|publisher=New Kerala Sports Bureau|date=16 July 2012|location=Kolkata|access-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920055912/https://www.newkerala.com/news/fullnews-52545.html|archive-date=20 September 2023}}</ref> | |- |2013–2018 |Kokkivo Clothing<ref>{{cite web|url=http://isikkim.com/2013-10-united-sikkim-fc-kokkivo-apparel-tie-up-21-7/|title=United Sikkim FC, Kokkivo Clothing apparel tie-up|website=isikkim.com|publisher=I-Sikkim|date=21 October 2013|access-date=|archive-date=9 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209222624/http://isikkim.com/2013-10-united-sikkim-fc-kokkivo-apparel-tie-up-21-7/}}</ref> |- |2018–2019 |rowspan=2|[[Lotto Sport Italia|Lotto]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/bhaichung-bhutia-shuts-down-former-i-league-club-united-sikkim-6018442/lite/|title=Bhaichung Bhutia shuts down former I-League club United Sikkim|website=indianexpress.com|publisher=The Indian Express|date=22 September 2019|location=Gangtok|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927051845/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/bhaichung-bhutia-shuts-down-former-i-league-club-united-sikkim-6018442/|archive-date=27 September 2019}}</ref> |[[Officer's Choice]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiafooty.com/2015/08/03/ifa-ropes-in-new-title-sponsor/|title=CFL: IFA ropes in new title sponsor|website=indiafooty.com|location=Kolkata|first=Abhishek|last=Shukla|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008102255/https://www.indiafooty.com/2015/08/03/ifa-ropes-in-new-title-sponsor/|archive-date=8 October 2021}}</ref> | |- |2021–2022 |[[Cosco (India) Limited|Cosco]] | |- |2022– |Silco |rowspan=2|Made in Sikkim, G.O.A.T. | |} == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn Àyọkà pẹ̀lú ìjúwe ṣókí]] bulkvtokxk550h2sh9o4h48eptdee0p 624539 624538 2026-07-01T12:27:15Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tíó ń pèsè aṣọ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù àti àwọn tíó ṣe ònígbówọ rẹ */ 624539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = United Sikkim | image = United Sikkim FC.svg | upright = 0.9 | fullname = United Sikkim Football Club | nickname = The Snow Lions | short name = USFC | founded = {{start date and age|2011}} | ground = {{ubl|[[Paljor Stadium]]|[[Bhaichung Stadium]] (selected matches)}} | capacity = 30,000 <br/> 15,000 | owner = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] | mgrtitle = Head coach | manager = | league = | season = | position = | current = | pattern_la1 = | pattern_b1 = | pattern_ra1 = | leftarm1 = 00BFFF | body1 = 00BFFF | rightarm1 = 00BFFF | shorts1 = 00BFFF | socks1 = 00BFFF | pattern_la2 = | pattern_b2 = | pattern_ra2 = | leftarm2 = FFFFFF | body2 = FFFFFF | rightarm2 = FFFFFF | shorts2 = 00BFFF | socks2 = 000000 | pattern_la3 = | pattern_b3 = _2redbluemiddlestripes | pattern_ra3 = | pattern_so3 = | leftarm3 = FFFFFF | body3 = FFFFFF | rightarm3 = FFFFFF | shorts3 = FFFFFF | socks3 = FFFFFF | website = }} [[File:Bhaichung Bhutia at the NDTV Marks for Sports event 21.jpg|thumb|200px|Bhaichung Bhutia, olùdásílẹ̀ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà àti olórí àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù United Sikkim nígbà kàn rí.]] '''United Sikkim Football club''' Jẹ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè Indian èyítí o wà ní ìlú Gangtok, Sikkim<ref>{{cite web|title=2nd Div I-League: Babatunde guides Royals to second win|url=http://theshillongtimes.com/2014/04/06/2nd-div-i-league-babatunde-guides-royals-to-second-win/|access-date=8 July 2020|publisher=The Shillong Times|date=6 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712092457/http://theshillongtimes.com/2014/04/06/2nd-div-i-league-babatunde-guides-royals-to-second-win/|archive-date=12 July 2020}}</ref> tí wọ́n ṣe idasile rẹ ní ọdún 2011.<ref name=Founded>{{cite web|last=Bhutani|first=Rahul|title=Chirag United and United Sikkim: The Two Extremes of Indian Football|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/chirag-united-and-united-sikkim-the-two-extremes-of-indian-football/|publisher=The Hard Tackle|access-date=16 September 2012|archive-date=14 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714070941/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/chirag-united-and-united-sikkim-the-two-extremes-of-indian-football/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=Goalie365|title=Sikkim Football Association released the fixture for 2018 Sikkim Premier Division League at football house in Gangtok.|url=http://www.goalie365.com/show_details.php?article_id=2315/Sikkim%20Premier%20Division%20League%202018%20fixtures%20announced|access-date=16 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722011358/http://www.goalie365.com/show_details.php?article_id=2315/Sikkim%20Premier%20Division%20League%202018%20fixtures%20announced|date=16 July 2018|archive-date=22 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ní o hun kópa nínú ìdíje Sikkim Premier Division League.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sikkim Premier League kicks off today|url=http://www.sikkimexpress.com/NewsDetails?ContentID=77028&SectionID=|access-date=24 August 2019|website=sikkimexpress.com|publisher=[[Sikkim Express]]|date=24 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830083745/http://www.sikkimexpress.com/NewsDetails?ContentID=77028&SectionID=|archive-date=30 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Yuvraj|last=Gurung|title=Sikkim Premier Division League 2019: Update|url=https://theawayend.co/2019/09/17/sikkim-premier-division-league-2019-update/|access-date=17 September 2019|website=theawayend.co|publisher=The Away End|date=17 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512234746/https://theawayend.co/2019/09/17/sikkim-premier-division-league-2019-update/|archive-date=12 May 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> United Sikkim jẹ ọkan ṣoṣo ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti ìlú Sikkim tíó kópa nínú ìdíje I-League,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mohan|first1=Srinivasan|title=China calling for United Sikkim's Sandesh Jhingan – report|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2013/02/07/3732703/china-calling-for-united-sikkims-sandesh-jhingan-report|access-date=10 October 2016|work=Goal.com|date=7 February 2013|archive-date=18 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018193756/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2013/02/07/3732703/china-calling-for-united-sikkims-sandesh-jhingan-report}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=United Sikkim vs. Dempo 1 – 2|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/28/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/dempo-sports-club/1394166/|website=Soccerway|accessdate=28 December 2014|archive-date=5 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505204127/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/28/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/dempo-sports-club/1394166/}} {{cite web|title=Pune vs. United Sikkim 2 – 2|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/11/24/india/i-league/pune-fc/united-sikkim-sc/1394187/|website=Soccerway|accessdate=28 December 2014|archive-date=22 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422080403/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/11/24/india/i-league/pune-fc/united-sikkim-sc/1394187/}}</ref> èyítí o jé ìpele tíó ga jùlọ nínú eré ìdárayá ní orílè-èdè India.<ref>{{cite web|title=United Sikkim vs. Air India 5 – 0|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/03/27/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/air-india/1395254/|work=Soccerway|access-date=27 March 2013|archive-date=27 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327132226/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/03/27/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/air-india/1395254/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=United Sikkim 3–2 Salgaocar|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/06/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/salgaocar-sports-club/1394143/|website=Soccerway.com|access-date=6 May 2021|archive-date=21 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121205326/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/06/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/salgaocar-sports-club/1394143/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pune FC logged their first win of the season with a 1–0 win over United Sikkim FC in a Group-D Federation Cup encounter|url=http://punefc.com/?match-reports=federation-cup-united-sikkim-0-1-pune-fc|publisher=Pune Football Club|date=20 September 2012|access-date=12 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103113306/http://punefc.com/?match-reports=federation-cup-united-sikkim-0-1-pune-fc|archive-date=3 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wọ́n pè é ní "Snow Lions",<ref>{{cite web|last=Nakashe|first=Mrunal|title=Pailan Arrows 1–1 United Sikkim: Tirthankar Sarkar strikes late on to break Sikkim hearts|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/96246/pailan-arrows-vs-united-sikkim-football-club/report|website=Goal.com|date=28 January 2013|access-date=3 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808155031/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/arrows-vs-united-sikkim/1395224/report|archive-date=8 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> United Sikkim lo pápá ìṣeré Paljor Stadium gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìgbàlèjó.<ref name="Update">{{cite news|first=Yuvraj|last=Gurung|title=Sikkim Premier Division League 2019: Update|url=https://theawayend.co/2019/09/17/sikkim-premier-division-league-2019-update/|access-date=17 September 2019|website=theawayend.co|publisher=The Away End|date=17 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002060745/https://theawayend.co/2019/09/17/sikkim-premier-division-league-2019-update/|archive-date=2 October 2019}}</ref> pápá ìṣeré náà èyítí Báichung Bhutia,<ref name="India vs Bayern Munich">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Baichung-to-play-farewell-match-against-Bayern-Munich/articleshow/11010508.cms|title=Baichung to play farewell match against Bayern Munich|work=The Times of India|publisher=The Times Group|date=6 December 2011|access-date=10 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210150835/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Baichung-to-play-farewell-match-against-Bayern-Munich/articleshow/11010508.cms|archive-date=10 December 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> ẹniti ó ti fìgbà kàn jẹ olórí àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún orílẹ̀èdè India tẹ́lẹ̀rí,<ref name=Owners>{{cite web|last=Sengupta|first=Rahul|title=India: Dazzling Launch For United Sikkim As Bhaichung Bhutia Shows Indian Football Does Have Investors|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1838/i-league-division-ii/2011/03/22/2406841/india-dazzling-launch-for-united-sikkim-as-bhaichung-bhutia|website=Goal.com|date=22 March 2011|access-date=16 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406085245/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1838/i-league-division-ii/2011/03/22/2406841/india-dazzling-launch-for-united-sikkim-as-bhaichung-bhutia|archive-date=6 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> wọ́n se àgbékalẹ̀ pápá ìṣeré náà láti fún àwọn ènìyàn ìpínlẹ̀ Sikkim ní ànfàní láti lè kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì orílẹ̀èdè India.<ref name=Owners>{{cite web|last=Sengupta|first=Rahul|title=India: Dazzling Launch For United Sikkim As Bhaichung Bhutia Shows Indian Football Does Have Investors|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1838/i-league-division-ii/2011/03/22/2406841/india-dazzling-launch-for-united-sikkim-as-bhaichung-bhutia|website=Goal.com|date=22 March 2011|access-date=16 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406085245/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1838/i-league-division-ii/2011/03/22/2406841/india-dazzling-launch-for-united-sikkim-as-bhaichung-bhutia|archive-date=6 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ní oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2019, Bhaichung Bhutia kéde pé wọ́n ti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà pa látàrí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tíó kọjá agbára ohùn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-bhaichung-bhutia-shut-down-united-sikkim-fc/bhbauqzqps9b1sur0ygemdrc4|title=Indian football: Bhaichung Bhutia decides to shut down United Sikkim FC|website=Goal.com|access-date=26 September 2019|date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926093504/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-bhaichung-bhutia-shut-down-united-sikkim-fc/bhbauqzqps9b1sur0ygemdrc4|archive-date=26 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nígbà ayẹyẹ idagbere, ó dúpẹ́ lọ́wọ́ gbogbo àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù, òṣìṣẹ́ àti àwọn olólùfẹ́ tí wọ́n ti ẹgbẹ́ náà lẹ́yìn fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eastmojo.com/sikkim/2019/09/24/emotional-farewell-to-players-as-united-sikkim-fc-shuts-down|title=Emotional farewell to players as United Sikkim FC shuts down|website=EastMojo.com|first=Dichen|last=Ongmu|language=en|access-date=2019-09-26|date=2019-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926093457/https://www.eastmojo.com/sikkim/2019/09/24/emotional-farewell-to-players-as-united-sikkim-fc-shuts-down|archive-date=26 September 2019}}</ref> Wọ́n tún gbé ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà dìde ní oṣù kìíní ọdún 2021, pẹ̀lú èrò láti kópa nínú ìdíje Indian Super League.<ref>{{cite web|agency=Press Trust of India|title=United Sikkim revived, Bhaichung Bhutia says aim is to bring ISL into state |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/united-sikkim-revived-bhaichung-bhutia-says-aim-is-to-bring-isl-into-state/articleshow/80098738.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 January 2021|access-date=5 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104123834/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/united-sikkim-revived-bhaichung-bhutia-says-aim-is-to-bring-isl-into-state/articleshow/80098738.cms|archive-date=4 January 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Yàtọ̀ sí ṣíṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún àwọn àgbà àti ọ̀dọ́, a óò túbọ̀ tẹnu mọ́ bí a ṣe ń mú àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti àwọn abúlé wá láti ní ànfàní láti kópa nínú eré ìdárayá bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá ní orílè-èdè India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian football: Bhaichung Bhutia-owned United Sikkim FC revived with aim to take part in ISL |url=https://scroll.in/field/983124/indian-football-bhaichung-bhutia-owned-united-sikkim-fc-revived-with-aim-to-take-part-in-isl|access-date=5 January 2021|website=Scroll.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104131316/https://scroll.in/field/983124/indian-football-bhaichung-bhutia-owned-united-sikkim-fc-revived-with-aim-to-take-part-in-isl|archive-date=4 January 2021}}</ref> === Àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tíó ń pèsè aṣọ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù àti àwọn tíó ṣe ònígbówọ rẹ=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em;float:center" |- !Àkókò !Ilé-iṣẹ́ tíó pèsè aṣọ náà !Òní gbowo !Tracksuit uniform |- |2011 |rowspan=3|[[Nike, Inc.|Nike]]<ref name="HT report"/> |EMTA<ref>{{cite web|first=Nilesh|last=Bhattacharya|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/bhutia-launches-united-sikkim-club-in-new-avatar/articleshow/7763137.cms?from=mdr|title=Bhaichung Bhutia launches United Sikkim in new avatar|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 October 2021|date=23 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121065938/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/bhutia-launches-united-sikkim-club-in-new-avatar/articleshow/7763137.cms?from=mdr|archive-date=21 January 2022}}</ref> | |- |2012 |rowspan=2|URO<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newkerala.com/news/fullnews-52545.html|title=Two-week camp not enough: Baichung Bhutia|agency=IBNS|website=newkerala.com|publisher=New Kerala Sports Bureau|date=16 July 2012|location=Kolkata|access-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920055912/https://www.newkerala.com/news/fullnews-52545.html|archive-date=20 September 2023}}</ref> | |- |2013–2018 |Kokkivo Clothing<ref>{{cite web|url=http://isikkim.com/2013-10-united-sikkim-fc-kokkivo-apparel-tie-up-21-7/|title=United Sikkim FC, Kokkivo Clothing apparel tie-up|website=isikkim.com|publisher=I-Sikkim|date=21 October 2013|access-date=|archive-date=9 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209222624/http://isikkim.com/2013-10-united-sikkim-fc-kokkivo-apparel-tie-up-21-7/}}</ref> |- |2018–2019 |rowspan=2|[[Lotto Sport Italia|Lotto]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/bhaichung-bhutia-shuts-down-former-i-league-club-united-sikkim-6018442/lite/|title=Bhaichung Bhutia shuts down former I-League club United Sikkim|website=indianexpress.com|publisher=The Indian Express|date=22 September 2019|location=Gangtok|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927051845/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/bhaichung-bhutia-shuts-down-former-i-league-club-united-sikkim-6018442/|archive-date=27 September 2019}}</ref> |[[Officer's Choice]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiafooty.com/2015/08/03/ifa-ropes-in-new-title-sponsor/|title=CFL: IFA ropes in new title sponsor|website=indiafooty.com|location=Kolkata|first=Abhishek|last=Shukla|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008102255/https://www.indiafooty.com/2015/08/03/ifa-ropes-in-new-title-sponsor/|archive-date=8 October 2021}}</ref> | |- |2021–2022 |[[Cosco (India) Limited|Cosco]] | |- |2022– |Silco |rowspan=2|Made in Sikkim, G.O.A.T. | |} == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn Àyọkà pẹ̀lú ìjúwe ṣókí]] 08z5zvl6hwvbvnwwqssn0c0dvhdw5kt 624540 624539 2026-07-01T12:30:29Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí */ 624540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = United Sikkim | image = United Sikkim FC.svg | upright = 0.9 | fullname = United Sikkim Football Club | nickname = The Snow Lions | short name = USFC | founded = {{start date and age|2011}} | ground = {{ubl|[[Paljor Stadium]]|[[Bhaichung Stadium]] (selected matches)}} | capacity = 30,000 <br/> 15,000 | owner = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] | mgrtitle = Head coach | manager = | league = | season = | position = | current = | pattern_la1 = | pattern_b1 = | pattern_ra1 = | leftarm1 = 00BFFF | body1 = 00BFFF | rightarm1 = 00BFFF | shorts1 = 00BFFF | socks1 = 00BFFF | pattern_la2 = | pattern_b2 = | pattern_ra2 = | leftarm2 = FFFFFF | body2 = FFFFFF | rightarm2 = FFFFFF | shorts2 = 00BFFF | socks2 = 000000 | pattern_la3 = | pattern_b3 = _2redbluemiddlestripes | pattern_ra3 = | pattern_so3 = | leftarm3 = FFFFFF | body3 = FFFFFF | rightarm3 = FFFFFF | shorts3 = FFFFFF | socks3 = FFFFFF | website = }} [[File:Bhaichung Bhutia at the NDTV Marks for Sports event 21.jpg|thumb|200px|Bhaichung Bhutia, olùdásílẹ̀ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà àti olórí àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù United Sikkim nígbà kàn rí.]] '''United Sikkim Football club''' Jẹ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè Indian èyítí o wà ní ìlú Gangtok, Sikkim<ref>{{cite web|title=2nd Div I-League: Babatunde guides Royals to second win|url=http://theshillongtimes.com/2014/04/06/2nd-div-i-league-babatunde-guides-royals-to-second-win/|access-date=8 July 2020|publisher=The Shillong Times|date=6 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712092457/http://theshillongtimes.com/2014/04/06/2nd-div-i-league-babatunde-guides-royals-to-second-win/|archive-date=12 July 2020}}</ref> tí wọ́n ṣe idasile rẹ ní ọdún 2011.<ref name=Founded>{{cite web|last=Bhutani|first=Rahul|title=Chirag United and United Sikkim: The Two Extremes of Indian Football|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/chirag-united-and-united-sikkim-the-two-extremes-of-indian-football/|publisher=The Hard Tackle|access-date=16 September 2012|archive-date=14 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714070941/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/chirag-united-and-united-sikkim-the-two-extremes-of-indian-football/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=Goalie365|title=Sikkim Football Association released the fixture for 2018 Sikkim Premier Division League at football house in Gangtok.|url=http://www.goalie365.com/show_details.php?article_id=2315/Sikkim%20Premier%20Division%20League%202018%20fixtures%20announced|access-date=16 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722011358/http://www.goalie365.com/show_details.php?article_id=2315/Sikkim%20Premier%20Division%20League%202018%20fixtures%20announced|date=16 July 2018|archive-date=22 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ní o hun kópa nínú ìdíje Sikkim Premier Division League.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sikkim Premier League kicks off today|url=http://www.sikkimexpress.com/NewsDetails?ContentID=77028&SectionID=|access-date=24 August 2019|website=sikkimexpress.com|publisher=[[Sikkim Express]]|date=24 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830083745/http://www.sikkimexpress.com/NewsDetails?ContentID=77028&SectionID=|archive-date=30 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Yuvraj|last=Gurung|title=Sikkim Premier Division League 2019: Update|url=https://theawayend.co/2019/09/17/sikkim-premier-division-league-2019-update/|access-date=17 September 2019|website=theawayend.co|publisher=The Away End|date=17 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512234746/https://theawayend.co/2019/09/17/sikkim-premier-division-league-2019-update/|archive-date=12 May 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> United Sikkim jẹ ọkan ṣoṣo ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti ìlú Sikkim tíó kópa nínú ìdíje I-League,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mohan|first1=Srinivasan|title=China calling for United Sikkim's Sandesh Jhingan – report|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2013/02/07/3732703/china-calling-for-united-sikkims-sandesh-jhingan-report|access-date=10 October 2016|work=Goal.com|date=7 February 2013|archive-date=18 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018193756/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2013/02/07/3732703/china-calling-for-united-sikkims-sandesh-jhingan-report}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=United Sikkim vs. Dempo 1 – 2|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/28/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/dempo-sports-club/1394166/|website=Soccerway|accessdate=28 December 2014|archive-date=5 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505204127/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/28/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/dempo-sports-club/1394166/}} {{cite web|title=Pune vs. United Sikkim 2 – 2|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/11/24/india/i-league/pune-fc/united-sikkim-sc/1394187/|website=Soccerway|accessdate=28 December 2014|archive-date=22 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422080403/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/11/24/india/i-league/pune-fc/united-sikkim-sc/1394187/}}</ref> èyítí o jé ìpele tíó ga jùlọ nínú eré ìdárayá ní orílè-èdè India.<ref>{{cite web|title=United Sikkim vs. Air India 5 – 0|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/03/27/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/air-india/1395254/|work=Soccerway|access-date=27 March 2013|archive-date=27 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327132226/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/03/27/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/air-india/1395254/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=United Sikkim 3–2 Salgaocar|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/06/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/salgaocar-sports-club/1394143/|website=Soccerway.com|access-date=6 May 2021|archive-date=21 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121205326/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/06/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/salgaocar-sports-club/1394143/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pune FC logged their first win of the season with a 1–0 win over United Sikkim FC in a Group-D Federation Cup encounter|url=http://punefc.com/?match-reports=federation-cup-united-sikkim-0-1-pune-fc|publisher=Pune Football Club|date=20 September 2012|access-date=12 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103113306/http://punefc.com/?match-reports=federation-cup-united-sikkim-0-1-pune-fc|archive-date=3 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wọ́n pè é ní "Snow Lions",<ref>{{cite web|last=Nakashe|first=Mrunal|title=Pailan Arrows 1–1 United Sikkim: Tirthankar Sarkar strikes late on to break Sikkim hearts|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/96246/pailan-arrows-vs-united-sikkim-football-club/report|website=Goal.com|date=28 January 2013|access-date=3 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808155031/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/arrows-vs-united-sikkim/1395224/report|archive-date=8 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> United Sikkim lo pápá ìṣeré Paljor Stadium gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìgbàlèjó.<ref name="Update">{{cite news|first=Yuvraj|last=Gurung|title=Sikkim Premier Division League 2019: Update|url=https://theawayend.co/2019/09/17/sikkim-premier-division-league-2019-update/|access-date=17 September 2019|website=theawayend.co|publisher=The Away End|date=17 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002060745/https://theawayend.co/2019/09/17/sikkim-premier-division-league-2019-update/|archive-date=2 October 2019}}</ref> pápá ìṣeré náà èyítí Báichung Bhutia,<ref name="India vs Bayern Munich">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Baichung-to-play-farewell-match-against-Bayern-Munich/articleshow/11010508.cms|title=Baichung to play farewell match against Bayern Munich|work=The Times of India|publisher=The Times Group|date=6 December 2011|access-date=10 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210150835/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Baichung-to-play-farewell-match-against-Bayern-Munich/articleshow/11010508.cms|archive-date=10 December 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> ẹniti ó ti fìgbà kàn jẹ olórí àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún orílẹ̀èdè India tẹ́lẹ̀rí,<ref name=Owners>{{cite web|last=Sengupta|first=Rahul|title=India: Dazzling Launch For United Sikkim As Bhaichung Bhutia Shows Indian Football Does Have Investors|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1838/i-league-division-ii/2011/03/22/2406841/india-dazzling-launch-for-united-sikkim-as-bhaichung-bhutia|website=Goal.com|date=22 March 2011|access-date=16 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406085245/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1838/i-league-division-ii/2011/03/22/2406841/india-dazzling-launch-for-united-sikkim-as-bhaichung-bhutia|archive-date=6 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> wọ́n se àgbékalẹ̀ pápá ìṣeré náà láti fún àwọn ènìyàn ìpínlẹ̀ Sikkim ní ànfàní láti lè kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì orílẹ̀èdè India.<ref name=Owners>{{cite web|last=Sengupta|first=Rahul|title=India: Dazzling Launch For United Sikkim As Bhaichung Bhutia Shows Indian Football Does Have Investors|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1838/i-league-division-ii/2011/03/22/2406841/india-dazzling-launch-for-united-sikkim-as-bhaichung-bhutia|website=Goal.com|date=22 March 2011|access-date=16 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406085245/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1838/i-league-division-ii/2011/03/22/2406841/india-dazzling-launch-for-united-sikkim-as-bhaichung-bhutia|archive-date=6 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ní oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2019, Bhaichung Bhutia kéde pé wọ́n ti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà pa látàrí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tíó kọjá agbára ohùn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-bhaichung-bhutia-shut-down-united-sikkim-fc/bhbauqzqps9b1sur0ygemdrc4|title=Indian football: Bhaichung Bhutia decides to shut down United Sikkim FC|website=Goal.com|access-date=26 September 2019|date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926093504/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-bhaichung-bhutia-shut-down-united-sikkim-fc/bhbauqzqps9b1sur0ygemdrc4|archive-date=26 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nígbà ayẹyẹ idagbere, ó dúpẹ́ lọ́wọ́ gbogbo àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù, òṣìṣẹ́ àti àwọn olólùfẹ́ tí wọ́n ti ẹgbẹ́ náà lẹ́yìn fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eastmojo.com/sikkim/2019/09/24/emotional-farewell-to-players-as-united-sikkim-fc-shuts-down|title=Emotional farewell to players as United Sikkim FC shuts down|website=EastMojo.com|first=Dichen|last=Ongmu|language=en|access-date=2019-09-26|date=2019-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926093457/https://www.eastmojo.com/sikkim/2019/09/24/emotional-farewell-to-players-as-united-sikkim-fc-shuts-down|archive-date=26 September 2019}}</ref> Wọ́n tún gbé ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà dìde ní oṣù kìíní ọdún 2021, pẹ̀lú èrò láti kópa nínú ìdíje Indian Super League.<ref>{{cite web|agency=Press Trust of India|title=United Sikkim revived, Bhaichung Bhutia says aim is to bring ISL into state |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/united-sikkim-revived-bhaichung-bhutia-says-aim-is-to-bring-isl-into-state/articleshow/80098738.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 January 2021|access-date=5 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104123834/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/united-sikkim-revived-bhaichung-bhutia-says-aim-is-to-bring-isl-into-state/articleshow/80098738.cms|archive-date=4 January 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Yàtọ̀ sí ṣíṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún àwọn àgbà àti ọ̀dọ́, a óò túbọ̀ tẹnu mọ́ bí a ṣe ń mú àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti àwọn abúlé wá láti ní ànfàní láti kópa nínú eré ìdárayá bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá ní orílè-èdè India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian football: Bhaichung Bhutia-owned United Sikkim FC revived with aim to take part in ISL |url=https://scroll.in/field/983124/indian-football-bhaichung-bhutia-owned-united-sikkim-fc-revived-with-aim-to-take-part-in-isl|access-date=5 January 2021|website=Scroll.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104131316/https://scroll.in/field/983124/indian-football-bhaichung-bhutia-owned-united-sikkim-fc-revived-with-aim-to-take-part-in-isl|archive-date=4 January 2021}}</ref> === Àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tíó ń pèsè aṣọ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù àti àwọn tíó ṣe ònígbówọ rẹ=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em;float:center" |- !Àkókò !Ilé-iṣẹ́ tíó pèsè aṣọ náà !Òní gbowo !Tracksuit uniform |- |2011 |rowspan=3|[[Nike, Inc.|Nike]]<ref name="HT report"/> |EMTA<ref>{{cite web|first=Nilesh|last=Bhattacharya|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/bhutia-launches-united-sikkim-club-in-new-avatar/articleshow/7763137.cms?from=mdr|title=Bhaichung Bhutia launches United Sikkim in new avatar|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 October 2021|date=23 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121065938/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/bhutia-launches-united-sikkim-club-in-new-avatar/articleshow/7763137.cms?from=mdr|archive-date=21 January 2022}}</ref> | |- |2012 |rowspan=2|URO<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newkerala.com/news/fullnews-52545.html|title=Two-week camp not enough: Baichung Bhutia|agency=IBNS|website=newkerala.com|publisher=New Kerala Sports Bureau|date=16 July 2012|location=Kolkata|access-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920055912/https://www.newkerala.com/news/fullnews-52545.html|archive-date=20 September 2023}}</ref> | |- |2013–2018 |Kokkivo Clothing<ref>{{cite web|url=http://isikkim.com/2013-10-united-sikkim-fc-kokkivo-apparel-tie-up-21-7/|title=United Sikkim FC, Kokkivo Clothing apparel tie-up|website=isikkim.com|publisher=I-Sikkim|date=21 October 2013|access-date=|archive-date=9 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209222624/http://isikkim.com/2013-10-united-sikkim-fc-kokkivo-apparel-tie-up-21-7/}}</ref> |- |2018–2019 |rowspan=2|[[Lotto Sport Italia|Lotto]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/bhaichung-bhutia-shuts-down-former-i-league-club-united-sikkim-6018442/lite/|title=Bhaichung Bhutia shuts down former I-League club United Sikkim|website=indianexpress.com|publisher=The Indian Express|date=22 September 2019|location=Gangtok|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927051845/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/bhaichung-bhutia-shuts-down-former-i-league-club-united-sikkim-6018442/|archive-date=27 September 2019}}</ref> |[[Officer's Choice]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiafooty.com/2015/08/03/ifa-ropes-in-new-title-sponsor/|title=CFL: IFA ropes in new title sponsor|website=indiafooty.com|location=Kolkata|first=Abhishek|last=Shukla|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008102255/https://www.indiafooty.com/2015/08/03/ifa-ropes-in-new-title-sponsor/|archive-date=8 October 2021}}</ref> | |- |2021–2022 |[[Cosco (India) Limited|Cosco]] | |- |2022– |Silco |rowspan=2|Made in Sikkim, G.O.A.T. | |} == Àwọn akọni mọ gbà ikọ̀ náà tẹ́lẹ̀rí== * {{flagicon|IND}} [[Stanley Rozario]] (March – December 2011)<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 1, 2011|first=Nilesh|last=Bhattacharya |title=Former East Bengal and Mohun Bagan coach Stanley Rozario will take charge of United Sikkim FC this week. The football club is owned by India captain Baichung Bhutia. — Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Former-East-Bengal-and-Mohun-Bagan-coach-Stanley-Rozario-will-take-charge-of-United-Sikkim-FC-this-week-The-football-club-is-owned-by-India-captain-Baichung-Bhutia-/articleshow/7407254.cms|access-date=2020-06-30|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|archive-date=18 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418115958/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Former-East-Bengal-and-Mohun-Bagan-coach-Stanley-Rozario-will-take-charge-of-United-Sikkim-FC-this-week-The-football-club-is-owned-by-India-captain-Baichung-Bhutia-/articleshow/7407254.cms}}</ref> * {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Philippe De Ridder]] (3 December 2011 – 13 November 2012)<ref> *{{cite news|title=Belgium's Rider joins United Sikkim Football Club as a coach|url=http://isikkim.com/2011-12-belgium%E2%80%99s-rider-joins-united-sikkim-football-club-as-a-coach-03-2/|work=I Sikkim|publisher=I Sikkim|date=3 December 2011|access-date=24 December 2011|archive-date=27 January 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130127090601/http://isikkim.com/2011-12-belgium%E2%80%99s-rider-joins-united-sikkim-football-club-as-a-coach-03-2/}} *{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/the-league-of-foreign-coaches/articleshow/3537878.cms|title=The League of foreign coaches|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|first1=Marcus|last1=Mergulhao|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|agency=TNN|location=Margao|date=29 September 2008|access-date=28 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616070718/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/the-league-of-foreign-coaches/articleshow/3537878.cms|archive-date=16 June 2024}} </ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/de-ridder-innovative-coach/article3439350.ece|title=de Ridder — innovative coach|date=21 May 2012|via=www.thehindu.com|access-date=18 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195650/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/de-ridder-innovative-coach/article3439350.ece}}</ref> * {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] (13 November – 13 December 2012)<ref name="auto"/> * {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Nathan Hall (football coach)|Nathan Hall]] (13 December 2012 – October 2013)<ref name="Higgs"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://footballnewsindia.in/2013/10/04/united-sikkim-coach-nathan-hall-joins-abahani-limited-bangladesh-outifit/|title=United Sikkim Coach Nathan Hall Joins Abahani Limited, Bangladesh Outfit|date=4 October 2013|website=footballnewsindia.in|access-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623144444/http://footballnewsindia.in/2013/10/04/united-sikkim-coach-nathan-hall-joins-abahani-limited-bangladesh-outifit/|archive-date=23 June 2023}}</ref> * {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ekendra Singh|Soibam Ekendra Singh]] (2013–2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/united-sikkim-aim-to-make-amends|title=United Sikkim aim to make amends}}</ref> * {{flagicon|IND}} Kamal Bagdas (2023–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/19285|title=Sikkim Premier Division League 2023–24|date=22 June 2023|access-date=24 June 2023|website=the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|archive-date=24 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624101832/https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/19285}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/19285_Match_Summary_V1_1687528948.pdf|title=Match Summary — Sikkim Premier Division League: Boys Club Gangtok 2 – United Sikkim FC 4|date=22 June 2023|access-date=24 June 2023|website=administrator.the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|archive-date=24 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624102121/https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/19285_Match_Summary_V1_1687528948.pdf}}</ref> == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn Àyọkà pẹ̀lú ìjúwe ṣókí]] hlydhaj3grr6ehdt80c7zevaij332zz 624541 624540 2026-07-01T12:34:07Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Àwọn akọni mọ gbà ikọ̀ náà tẹ́lẹ̀rí */ 624541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = United Sikkim | image = United Sikkim FC.svg | upright = 0.9 | fullname = United Sikkim Football Club | nickname = The Snow Lions | short name = USFC | founded = {{start date and age|2011}} | ground = {{ubl|[[Paljor Stadium]]|[[Bhaichung Stadium]] (selected matches)}} | capacity = 30,000 <br/> 15,000 | owner = [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] | mgrtitle = Head coach | manager = | league = | season = | position = | current = | pattern_la1 = | pattern_b1 = | pattern_ra1 = | leftarm1 = 00BFFF | body1 = 00BFFF | rightarm1 = 00BFFF | shorts1 = 00BFFF | socks1 = 00BFFF | pattern_la2 = | pattern_b2 = | pattern_ra2 = | leftarm2 = FFFFFF | body2 = FFFFFF | rightarm2 = FFFFFF | shorts2 = 00BFFF | socks2 = 000000 | pattern_la3 = | pattern_b3 = _2redbluemiddlestripes | pattern_ra3 = | pattern_so3 = | leftarm3 = FFFFFF | body3 = FFFFFF | rightarm3 = FFFFFF | shorts3 = FFFFFF | socks3 = FFFFFF | website = }} [[File:Bhaichung Bhutia at the NDTV Marks for Sports event 21.jpg|thumb|200px|Bhaichung Bhutia, olùdásílẹ̀ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà àti olórí àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù United Sikkim nígbà kàn rí.]] '''United Sikkim Football club''' Jẹ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè Indian èyítí o wà ní ìlú Gangtok, Sikkim<ref>{{cite web|title=2nd Div I-League: Babatunde guides Royals to second win|url=http://theshillongtimes.com/2014/04/06/2nd-div-i-league-babatunde-guides-royals-to-second-win/|access-date=8 July 2020|publisher=The Shillong Times|date=6 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712092457/http://theshillongtimes.com/2014/04/06/2nd-div-i-league-babatunde-guides-royals-to-second-win/|archive-date=12 July 2020}}</ref> tí wọ́n ṣe idasile rẹ ní ọdún 2011.<ref name=Founded>{{cite web|last=Bhutani|first=Rahul|title=Chirag United and United Sikkim: The Two Extremes of Indian Football|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/chirag-united-and-united-sikkim-the-two-extremes-of-indian-football/|publisher=The Hard Tackle|access-date=16 September 2012|archive-date=14 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714070941/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/chirag-united-and-united-sikkim-the-two-extremes-of-indian-football/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=Goalie365|title=Sikkim Football Association released the fixture for 2018 Sikkim Premier Division League at football house in Gangtok.|url=http://www.goalie365.com/show_details.php?article_id=2315/Sikkim%20Premier%20Division%20League%202018%20fixtures%20announced|access-date=16 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722011358/http://www.goalie365.com/show_details.php?article_id=2315/Sikkim%20Premier%20Division%20League%202018%20fixtures%20announced|date=16 July 2018|archive-date=22 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ní o hun kópa nínú ìdíje Sikkim Premier Division League.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sikkim Premier League kicks off today|url=http://www.sikkimexpress.com/NewsDetails?ContentID=77028&SectionID=|access-date=24 August 2019|website=sikkimexpress.com|publisher=[[Sikkim Express]]|date=24 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830083745/http://www.sikkimexpress.com/NewsDetails?ContentID=77028&SectionID=|archive-date=30 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Yuvraj|last=Gurung|title=Sikkim Premier Division League 2019: Update|url=https://theawayend.co/2019/09/17/sikkim-premier-division-league-2019-update/|access-date=17 September 2019|website=theawayend.co|publisher=The Away End|date=17 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512234746/https://theawayend.co/2019/09/17/sikkim-premier-division-league-2019-update/|archive-date=12 May 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref> United Sikkim jẹ ọkan ṣoṣo ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti ìlú Sikkim tíó kópa nínú ìdíje I-League,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mohan|first1=Srinivasan|title=China calling for United Sikkim's Sandesh Jhingan – report|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2013/02/07/3732703/china-calling-for-united-sikkims-sandesh-jhingan-report|access-date=10 October 2016|work=Goal.com|date=7 February 2013|archive-date=18 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018193756/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2013/02/07/3732703/china-calling-for-united-sikkims-sandesh-jhingan-report}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=United Sikkim vs. Dempo 1 – 2|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/28/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/dempo-sports-club/1394166/|website=Soccerway|accessdate=28 December 2014|archive-date=5 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505204127/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/28/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/dempo-sports-club/1394166/}} {{cite web|title=Pune vs. United Sikkim 2 – 2|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/11/24/india/i-league/pune-fc/united-sikkim-sc/1394187/|website=Soccerway|accessdate=28 December 2014|archive-date=22 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422080403/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/11/24/india/i-league/pune-fc/united-sikkim-sc/1394187/}}</ref> èyítí o jé ìpele tíó ga jùlọ nínú eré ìdárayá ní orílè-èdè India.<ref>{{cite web|title=United Sikkim vs. Air India 5 – 0|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/03/27/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/air-india/1395254/|work=Soccerway|access-date=27 March 2013|archive-date=27 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327132226/http://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/03/27/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/air-india/1395254/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=United Sikkim 3–2 Salgaocar|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/06/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/salgaocar-sports-club/1394143/|website=Soccerway.com|access-date=6 May 2021|archive-date=21 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121205326/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/06/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/salgaocar-sports-club/1394143/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pune FC logged their first win of the season with a 1–0 win over United Sikkim FC in a Group-D Federation Cup encounter|url=http://punefc.com/?match-reports=federation-cup-united-sikkim-0-1-pune-fc|publisher=Pune Football Club|date=20 September 2012|access-date=12 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103113306/http://punefc.com/?match-reports=federation-cup-united-sikkim-0-1-pune-fc|archive-date=3 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wọ́n pè é ní "Snow Lions",<ref>{{cite web|last=Nakashe|first=Mrunal|title=Pailan Arrows 1–1 United Sikkim: Tirthankar Sarkar strikes late on to break Sikkim hearts|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/96246/pailan-arrows-vs-united-sikkim-football-club/report|website=Goal.com|date=28 January 2013|access-date=3 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808155031/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/arrows-vs-united-sikkim/1395224/report|archive-date=8 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> United Sikkim lo pápá ìṣeré Paljor Stadium gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìgbàlèjó.<ref name="Update">{{cite news|first=Yuvraj|last=Gurung|title=Sikkim Premier Division League 2019: Update|url=https://theawayend.co/2019/09/17/sikkim-premier-division-league-2019-update/|access-date=17 September 2019|website=theawayend.co|publisher=The Away End|date=17 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002060745/https://theawayend.co/2019/09/17/sikkim-premier-division-league-2019-update/|archive-date=2 October 2019}}</ref> pápá ìṣeré náà èyítí Báichung Bhutia,<ref name="India vs Bayern Munich">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Baichung-to-play-farewell-match-against-Bayern-Munich/articleshow/11010508.cms|title=Baichung to play farewell match against Bayern Munich|work=The Times of India|publisher=The Times Group|date=6 December 2011|access-date=10 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210150835/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Baichung-to-play-farewell-match-against-Bayern-Munich/articleshow/11010508.cms|archive-date=10 December 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> ẹniti ó ti fìgbà kàn jẹ olórí àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún orílẹ̀èdè India tẹ́lẹ̀rí,<ref name=Owners>{{cite web|last=Sengupta|first=Rahul|title=India: Dazzling Launch For United Sikkim As Bhaichung Bhutia Shows Indian Football Does Have Investors|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1838/i-league-division-ii/2011/03/22/2406841/india-dazzling-launch-for-united-sikkim-as-bhaichung-bhutia|website=Goal.com|date=22 March 2011|access-date=16 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406085245/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1838/i-league-division-ii/2011/03/22/2406841/india-dazzling-launch-for-united-sikkim-as-bhaichung-bhutia|archive-date=6 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> wọ́n se àgbékalẹ̀ pápá ìṣeré náà láti fún àwọn ènìyàn ìpínlẹ̀ Sikkim ní ànfàní láti lè kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì orílẹ̀èdè India.<ref name=Owners>{{cite web|last=Sengupta|first=Rahul|title=India: Dazzling Launch For United Sikkim As Bhaichung Bhutia Shows Indian Football Does Have Investors|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1838/i-league-division-ii/2011/03/22/2406841/india-dazzling-launch-for-united-sikkim-as-bhaichung-bhutia|website=Goal.com|date=22 March 2011|access-date=16 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406085245/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1838/i-league-division-ii/2011/03/22/2406841/india-dazzling-launch-for-united-sikkim-as-bhaichung-bhutia|archive-date=6 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ní oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2019, Bhaichung Bhutia kéde pé wọ́n ti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà pa látàrí àwọn ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ tíó kọjá agbára ohùn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-bhaichung-bhutia-shut-down-united-sikkim-fc/bhbauqzqps9b1sur0ygemdrc4|title=Indian football: Bhaichung Bhutia decides to shut down United Sikkim FC|website=Goal.com|access-date=26 September 2019|date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926093504/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/i-league-bhaichung-bhutia-shut-down-united-sikkim-fc/bhbauqzqps9b1sur0ygemdrc4|archive-date=26 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nígbà ayẹyẹ idagbere, ó dúpẹ́ lọ́wọ́ gbogbo àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù, òṣìṣẹ́ àti àwọn olólùfẹ́ tí wọ́n ti ẹgbẹ́ náà lẹ́yìn fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eastmojo.com/sikkim/2019/09/24/emotional-farewell-to-players-as-united-sikkim-fc-shuts-down|title=Emotional farewell to players as United Sikkim FC shuts down|website=EastMojo.com|first=Dichen|last=Ongmu|language=en|access-date=2019-09-26|date=2019-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926093457/https://www.eastmojo.com/sikkim/2019/09/24/emotional-farewell-to-players-as-united-sikkim-fc-shuts-down|archive-date=26 September 2019}}</ref> Wọ́n tún gbé ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà dìde ní oṣù kìíní ọdún 2021, pẹ̀lú èrò láti kópa nínú ìdíje Indian Super League.<ref>{{cite web|agency=Press Trust of India|title=United Sikkim revived, Bhaichung Bhutia says aim is to bring ISL into state |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/united-sikkim-revived-bhaichung-bhutia-says-aim-is-to-bring-isl-into-state/articleshow/80098738.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 January 2021|access-date=5 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104123834/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/united-sikkim-revived-bhaichung-bhutia-says-aim-is-to-bring-isl-into-state/articleshow/80098738.cms|archive-date=4 January 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Yàtọ̀ sí ṣíṣe ìfilọ́lẹ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún àwọn àgbà àti ọ̀dọ́, a óò túbọ̀ tẹnu mọ́ bí a ṣe ń mú àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti àwọn abúlé wá láti ní ànfàní láti kópa nínú eré ìdárayá bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá ní orílè-èdè India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian football: Bhaichung Bhutia-owned United Sikkim FC revived with aim to take part in ISL |url=https://scroll.in/field/983124/indian-football-bhaichung-bhutia-owned-united-sikkim-fc-revived-with-aim-to-take-part-in-isl|access-date=5 January 2021|website=Scroll.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104131316/https://scroll.in/field/983124/indian-football-bhaichung-bhutia-owned-united-sikkim-fc-revived-with-aim-to-take-part-in-isl|archive-date=4 January 2021}}</ref> === Àwọn ilé iṣẹ́ tíó ń pèsè aṣọ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù àti àwọn tíó ṣe ònígbówọ rẹ=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em;float:center" |- !Àkókò !Ilé-iṣẹ́ tíó pèsè aṣọ náà !Òní gbowo !Tracksuit uniform |- |2011 |rowspan=3|[[Nike, Inc.|Nike]]<ref name="HT report"/> |EMTA<ref>{{cite web|first=Nilesh|last=Bhattacharya|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/bhutia-launches-united-sikkim-club-in-new-avatar/articleshow/7763137.cms?from=mdr|title=Bhaichung Bhutia launches United Sikkim in new avatar|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 October 2021|date=23 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121065938/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/bhutia-launches-united-sikkim-club-in-new-avatar/articleshow/7763137.cms?from=mdr|archive-date=21 January 2022}}</ref> | |- |2012 |rowspan=2|URO<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newkerala.com/news/fullnews-52545.html|title=Two-week camp not enough: Baichung Bhutia|agency=IBNS|website=newkerala.com|publisher=New Kerala Sports Bureau|date=16 July 2012|location=Kolkata|access-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920055912/https://www.newkerala.com/news/fullnews-52545.html|archive-date=20 September 2023}}</ref> | |- |2013–2018 |Kokkivo Clothing<ref>{{cite web|url=http://isikkim.com/2013-10-united-sikkim-fc-kokkivo-apparel-tie-up-21-7/|title=United Sikkim FC, Kokkivo Clothing apparel tie-up|website=isikkim.com|publisher=I-Sikkim|date=21 October 2013|access-date=|archive-date=9 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209222624/http://isikkim.com/2013-10-united-sikkim-fc-kokkivo-apparel-tie-up-21-7/}}</ref> |- |2018–2019 |rowspan=2|[[Lotto Sport Italia|Lotto]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/bhaichung-bhutia-shuts-down-former-i-league-club-united-sikkim-6018442/lite/|title=Bhaichung Bhutia shuts down former I-League club United Sikkim|website=indianexpress.com|publisher=The Indian Express|date=22 September 2019|location=Gangtok|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927051845/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/bhaichung-bhutia-shuts-down-former-i-league-club-united-sikkim-6018442/|archive-date=27 September 2019}}</ref> |[[Officer's Choice]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiafooty.com/2015/08/03/ifa-ropes-in-new-title-sponsor/|title=CFL: IFA ropes in new title sponsor|website=indiafooty.com|location=Kolkata|first=Abhishek|last=Shukla|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008102255/https://www.indiafooty.com/2015/08/03/ifa-ropes-in-new-title-sponsor/|archive-date=8 October 2021}}</ref> | |- |2021–2022 |[[Cosco (India) Limited|Cosco]] | |- |2022– |Silco |rowspan=2|Made in Sikkim, G.O.A.T. | |} == Àwọn akọni mọ gbà ikọ̀ náà tẹ́lẹ̀rí== * {{flagicon|IND}} [[Stanley Rozario]] (March – December 2011)<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 1, 2011|first=Nilesh|last=Bhattacharya |title=Former East Bengal and Mohun Bagan coach Stanley Rozario will take charge of United Sikkim FC this week. The football club is owned by India captain Baichung Bhutia. — Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Former-East-Bengal-and-Mohun-Bagan-coach-Stanley-Rozario-will-take-charge-of-United-Sikkim-FC-this-week-The-football-club-is-owned-by-India-captain-Baichung-Bhutia-/articleshow/7407254.cms|access-date=2020-06-30|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|archive-date=18 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418115958/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Former-East-Bengal-and-Mohun-Bagan-coach-Stanley-Rozario-will-take-charge-of-United-Sikkim-FC-this-week-The-football-club-is-owned-by-India-captain-Baichung-Bhutia-/articleshow/7407254.cms}}</ref> * {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Philippe De Ridder]] (3 December 2011 – 13 November 2012)<ref> *{{cite news|title=Belgium's Rider joins United Sikkim Football Club as a coach|url=http://isikkim.com/2011-12-belgium%E2%80%99s-rider-joins-united-sikkim-football-club-as-a-coach-03-2/|work=I Sikkim|publisher=I Sikkim|date=3 December 2011|access-date=24 December 2011|archive-date=27 January 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130127090601/http://isikkim.com/2011-12-belgium%E2%80%99s-rider-joins-united-sikkim-football-club-as-a-coach-03-2/}} *{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/the-league-of-foreign-coaches/articleshow/3537878.cms|title=The League of foreign coaches|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|first1=Marcus|last1=Mergulhao|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|agency=TNN|location=Margao|date=29 September 2008|access-date=28 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616070718/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/the-league-of-foreign-coaches/articleshow/3537878.cms|archive-date=16 June 2024}} </ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/de-ridder-innovative-coach/article3439350.ece|title=de Ridder — innovative coach|date=21 May 2012|via=www.thehindu.com|access-date=18 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195650/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/de-ridder-innovative-coach/article3439350.ece}}</ref> * {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] (13 November – 13 December 2012)<ref name="auto"/> * {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Nathan Hall (football coach)|Nathan Hall]] (13 December 2012 – October 2013)<ref name="Higgs"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://footballnewsindia.in/2013/10/04/united-sikkim-coach-nathan-hall-joins-abahani-limited-bangladesh-outifit/|title=United Sikkim Coach Nathan Hall Joins Abahani Limited, Bangladesh Outfit|date=4 October 2013|website=footballnewsindia.in|access-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623144444/http://footballnewsindia.in/2013/10/04/united-sikkim-coach-nathan-hall-joins-abahani-limited-bangladesh-outifit/|archive-date=23 June 2023}}</ref> * {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ekendra Singh|Soibam Ekendra Singh]] (2013–2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/united-sikkim-aim-to-make-amends|title=United Sikkim aim to make amends}}</ref> * {{flagicon|IND}} Kamal Bagdas (2023–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/19285|title=Sikkim Premier Division League 2023–24|date=22 June 2023|access-date=24 June 2023|website=the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|archive-date=24 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624101832/https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/19285}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/19285_Match_Summary_V1_1687528948.pdf|title=Match Summary — Sikkim Premier Division League: Boys Club Gangtok 2 – United Sikkim FC 4|date=22 June 2023|access-date=24 June 2023|website=administrator.the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|archive-date=24 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624102121/https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/19285_Match_Summary_V1_1687528948.pdf}}</ref> == Àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù gbajúmọ̀ == {{category see also|United Sikkim FC players}} ;Past internationals The following United Sikkim players have been capped at ''[[National sports team#Individual selection and participation|senior/youth international level]]'', with their respective countries. Years in brackets indicate their spells at the club.<ref name="WorldFootball">{{cite web|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/teams/te56489/all-players/|title=United Sikkim Football Club » Players from A–Z|website=WorldFootball.net|access-date=26 October 2021|archive-date=14 April 2023|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414103036/https://www.worldfootball.net/teams/united-sikkim/10/}}</ref> * {{flagicon|IRL}} [[Joseph Lapira]] (2010–2011)<ref>{{cite web|last=Strack-Zimmermann|first=Benjamin|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/22742/Joseph_Lapira.html|title=NFT player — National team & Club appearances: Lapira, Joseph|publisher=National Football Teams|access-date=18 May 2018|archive-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925005042/https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/22742/Joseph_Lapira.html|website=national-football-teams.com}}</ref> * {{flagicon|LBR}} [[Johnny Menyongar]] (2011)<ref>{{cite web|last=Strack-Zimmermann|first=Benjamin|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/3835/Johnny_Menyongar.html|title=NFT player — National team & Club appearances: Menyongar, Johnny|publisher=National Football Teams|access-date=26 September 2022|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518141317/http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/3835/Johnny_Menyongar.html|website=national-football-teams.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dempo rope in Liberian midfielder Menyongar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Dempo-rope-in-Liberian-midfielder-Menyongar/articleshow/17864055.cms|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2 January 2013|archive-date=12 May 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512205132/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Dempo-rope-in-Liberian-midfielder-Menyongar/articleshow/17864055.cms}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Namibia}} [[Quinton Jacobs]] (2011–2012)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://isikkim.com/2012-03-i-league-ii-div-united-sikkim-defeats-kalighat-3-2-after-trailing-16-01/ |title=I-League II Div: United Sikkim defeats Kalighat 3-2 after trailing &#124; iSikkim |access-date=21 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320191644/http://isikkim.com/2012-03-i-league-ii-div-united-sikkim-defeats-kalighat-3-2-after-trailing-16-01/ |website=isikkim.com |archive-date=20 March 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Strack-Zimmermann|first=Benjamin|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/4584/Quinton_Jacobs.html|title=NFT player — National team & Club appearances: Quinton, Jacobs|publisher=National Football Teams|access-date=18 January 2018|archive-date=10 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010042258/http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/4584/Quinton_Jacobs.html|website=national-football-teams.com}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Guam}} [[John Matkin]] (2012–2013)<ref>{{cite web|last=Strack-Zimmermann|first=Benjamin|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/51514/John_Matkin.html|title=NFT player — National team & Club appearances: Matkin, John|publisher=National Football Teams|access-date=18 January 2018|archive-date=31 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031174942/https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/51514/John_Matkin.html|website=national-football-teams.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=United Sikkim Football Club vs Mumbai FC LIVE Commentary|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/96224/united-sikkim-football-club-vs-mumbai-fc/play-by-play|work=Goal.com|access-date=9 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113054137/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/96224/united-sikkim-football-club-vs-mumbai-fc/play-by-play|archive-date=13 January 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> ;Àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé * {{flagicon|Costa Rica}} [[Michael Rodríguez (footballer)|Michael Rodríguez]] (2012–2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.everardoherrera.com/2014/index.php/seleccion/13445-michael-rodriguez-debuto-con-victoria-en-el-futbol-de-la-india-.html|title=Michael Rodríguez debutó con victoria en el futbol de la India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022213513/http://www.everardoherrera.com/2014/index.php/seleccion/13445-michael-rodriguez-debuto-con-victoria-en-el-futbol-de-la-india-.html|archive-date=2014-10-22|website=everardoherrera.com|publisher=Everardo Herrera|language=es|access-date=22 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aldia.cr/futbol-costa-rica/perez-zeledon/Zeledon-Michael-Rodriguez-Andres-Santamaria_0_151184904.html|title=Pérez Zeledón refuerza su defensa con Michael Rodríguez y colombiano Andrés Santamaría|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055949/http://www.aldia.cr/futbol-costa-rica/perez-zeledon/Zeledon-Michael-Rodriguez-Andres-Santamaria_0_151184904.html|archive-date=2016-03-04|website=aldia.cr|publisher=Al Día|language=es|access-date=26 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pune FC 1–0 United Sikkim|url=http://punefc.com/?match-reports=federation-cup-united-sikkim-0-1-pune-fc|website=Pune Football Club|access-date=28 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103113306/http://punefc.com/?match-reports=federation-cup-united-sikkim-0-1-pune-fc|archive-date=3 November 2012}}</ref> ;Àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè India * {{flagicon|IND}} [[Renedy Singh]] (2011–2012)<ref>{{cite web|last=Strack-Zimmermann|first=Benjamin|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/3123/Renedy_Singh.html|title=NFT player — National team & Club appearances: Singh, Renedy|publisher=National Football Teams|access-date=18 January 2023|archive-date=1 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201094459/http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/3123/Renedy_Singh.html|website=national-football-teams.com}}</ref> * {{flag icon|IND}} [[N. S. Manju]] (2011–2012)<ref>{{cite web|title=I-League: Pune FC Add United Sikkim FC's NS Manju On Their Roster Until The End Of 2011–12 Season|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2012/01/07/2835401/i-league-pune-fc-add-manju-on-their-roster-until-the-end-of-2011-|work=Goal.com|access-date=4 October 2013|archive-date=21 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021223741/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2012/01/07/2835401/i-league-pune-fc-add-manju-on-their-roster-until-the-end-of-2011-|date=7 January 2012}}</ref> * {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sandesh Jhingan]] (2011–2013)<ref>{{cite news|title=Sandesh Jhingan – Young Star Of Kerala Blasters|url=http://www.redbull.com/in/en/stories/1331686081342/sandesh-jhingan-young-star-of-kerala-blasters|access-date=10 October 2016|work=Red Bull|first1=Ashish|last1=Thakur|date=22 October 2014|archive-date=11 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011141455/http://www.redbull.com/in/en/stories/1331686081342/sandesh-jhingan-young-star-of-kerala-blasters}}</ref> * {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhaichung Bhutia]] (2012–2013)<ref>{{cite web|last=Strack-Zimmermann|first=Benjamin|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/3088/Baichung_Bhutia.html|title=NFT player — National team & Club appearances: Bhaichung Bhutia|publisher=National Football Teams|access-date=21 January 2020|archive-date=11 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811200704/https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/3088/Baichung_Bhutia.html}}</ref> * {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 1984)|Anwar Ali]] (2012–2013)<ref>{{cite web|last=Strack-Zimmermann|first=Benjamin|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/27486/Anwar_Ali.html|title=NFT player — National team & Club appearances: Anwar Ali|publisher=National Football Teams|access-date=18 November 2022|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226230940/https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/27486/Anwar_Ali.html|website=national-football-teams.com}}</ref> ;Àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù míràn * {{flagicon|NGA}} [[Daniel Bedemi]] (2011–2012)<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1773/federation-cup/2011/09/09/2657886/federation-cup-united-sikkim-fc-down-ongc-3-2-in-their| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140501093119/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1773/federation-cup/2011/09/09/2657886/federation-cup-united-sikkim-fc-down-ongc-3-2-in-their| archive-date = 2014-05-01| title = Federation Cup: United Sikkim FC Down ONGC 3–2 In Their Opening Group B Fixture | work=Goal.com|date=9 September 2011|access-date=26 August 2017}}</ref> * {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Pablo Rodríguez (footballer, born 1985)|Pablo Rodríguez]] (2012–2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/96256/shillong-lajong-fc-vs-united-sikkim-football-club/report|title=Shillong Lajong FC 2–1 United Sikkim FC: Matsugane's injury-time winner gives the Reds the spoils against the Snow Lions|publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|date=2 February 2013|accessdate=3 February 2013|archive-date=6 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206222144/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/96256/shillong-lajong-fc-vs-united-sikkim-football-club/report}}</ref> * {{flagicon|NGA}} [[Salau Nuruddin]] (2012–2013)<ref>{{cite web|last=Vaz|first=John|title=Prayag United FC 2–0 United Sikkim FC: Rafique at the double as Kolkatans end campaign on a high|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/91312/prayag-united-vs-united-sikkim-football-club/report|work=Goal.com|access-date=26 September 2012|archive-date=16 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016001311/http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/91312/prayag-united-vs-united-sikkim-football-club/report|date=24 September 2012}}</ref> * {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Tae Yoon]] (2012–2013)<ref>{{cite web|last=Biswas|first=Babua|title=United Sikkim's Yoon Tae Leaves For Bigger Challenges|url=http://feverpitch.in/SiteWeb/Newsdesc.aspx?SID=979D284B-FC75-4EBA-9856-5E554BB600E5|work=Feverpitch|access-date=17 January 2013|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304131911/http://feverpitch.in/SiteWeb/Newsdesc.aspx?SID=979D284B-FC75-4EBA-9856-5E554BB600E5|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="WorldFootball"/> * {{flagicon|Togo}} [[Dosseh Attivi]] (2012–2013)<ref>{{cite web|title=Player Profile: Dosseh Attivi|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/dg-atttivi/275438/|website=int.soccerway.com|access-date=28 December 2014|archive-date=29 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329010638/https://int.soccerway.com/players/dg-atttivi/275438/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=I-League In and Outs" Up to January 2013 WINDOW|url=http://www.kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2013/feb8thpart.html|website=KolkataFootball.com|access-date=28 December 2014|archive-date=8 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108131905/http://www.kolkatafootball.com/indiafootball_news_2013/feb8thpart.html}}</ref> * {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Steve Hayes (footballer)|Steve Hayes]] (2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2013/07/10/indian-adventure-thrills-steve-hayes/|title=Indian Adventure Thrills Steve Hayes|website=footballnsw.com.au|publisher=Football New South Wales|date=10 July 2013|access-date=19 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219143646/https://footballnsw.com.au/2013/07/10/indian-adventure-thrills-steve-hayes/|archive-date=19 December 2023}}</ref> * {{flagicon|NGA}} [[Oluwaunmi Somide]] (2013–2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/united-sikkim-aim-to-make-amends|title=United Sikkim aim to make amends|work=All India Football Federation|date=25 March 2014|access-date=17 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417140615/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/united-sikkim-aim-to-make-amends|archive-date=17 April 2025|location=New Delhi}}</ref> == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn Àyọkà pẹ̀lú ìjúwe ṣókí]] 0jwa188sgkdowmgj085bhk88n1ol63x 0 80777 624715 624512 2026-07-01T18:47:30Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Early years== Fontaine was born Lilian Augusta Ruse in [[Reading, Berkshire]]. She received a scholarship from [[Reading College]] at the age of 13 for her musical talent and studied acting at the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] in London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> d2s6pwct39nvrjbj31lk9gjq5sjydjd 624716 624715 2026-07-01T18:48:49Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Early years */ 624716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Early years== Fontaine was born Lilian Augusta Ruse in [[Reading, Berkshire]]. She received a scholarship from [[Reading College]] at the age of 13 for her musical talent and studied acting at the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] in London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> ==itokasi== rqy1e4iopo4q5cjsd6zc5k1nk5riga6 624717 624716 2026-07-01T18:50:29Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Ìgbésí ayé */ 624717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé== Fontaine was born Lilian Augusta Ruse in [[Reading, Berkshire]]. She received a scholarship from [[Reading College]] at the age of 13 for her musical talent and studied acting at the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] in London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> ==itokasi== 3v9wib8fylsuna68453pt02z173w0jz 624718 624717 2026-07-01T18:50:39Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== Fontaine was born Lilian Augusta Ruse in [[Reading, Berkshire]]. She received a scholarship from [[Reading College]] at the age of 13 for her musical talent and studied acting at the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] in London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> ==itokasi== s7k0q6h1b1vtojg8m6q6cniesrgmh4a 624719 624718 2026-07-01T18:52:13Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní <ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> ==itokasi== qfnmm8bh5o0dv8nqxaayok1t2r5j8ko 624720 624719 2026-07-01T18:52:28Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba <ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> ==itokasi== t8sk2d9tcjdpz6trnkgop7oinavrqy5 624721 624720 2026-07-01T18:52:49Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti <ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> ==itokasi== o2i0by6nnhiv5dfsfebnm34toni8np7 624722 624721 2026-07-01T18:53:09Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní <ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> ==itokasi== 4ievj1mhry0o7y5a5dkgailaqbnu7m5 624723 624722 2026-07-01T18:53:25Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú <ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> ==itokasi== p0wwsx0nu2x4bihzcoqmi6y7v6vgxtt 624724 624723 2026-07-01T18:53:37Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> ==itokasi== d9b2k6r84k4564ml7rbyzy4keh93t6n 624725 624724 2026-07-01T18:54:32Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Career == Fontaine gave up her acting career when she married. Fontaine coached drama students when she lived in Saratoga, California, and she produced plays in a garden theatre that later was named for her.<ref name=mn081316/> After both of her daughters reached film stardom, Fontaine returned to acting with a role in [[Billy Wilder]]'s drama ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' (1945) as the mother of [[Jane Wyman]]'s character. She also played supporting roles in two films with her daughter Joan, ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' (1947) and ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' (1953) and made a few television appearances during the 1950s. From 1948 to 1958, Fontaine taught an acting class that developed into the Los Gatos Theatre workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==itokasi== oufdkkxlbhr6bxbguqv9u7qy8qwwkp9 624726 624725 2026-07-01T18:55:49Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine gave up her acting career when she married. Fontaine coached drama students when she lived in Saratoga, California, and she produced plays in a garden theatre that later was named for her.<ref name=mn081316/> After both of her daughters reached film stardom, Fontaine returned to acting with a role in [[Billy Wilder]]'s drama ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' (1945) as the mother of [[Jane Wyman]]'s character. She also played supporting roles in two films with her daughter Joan, ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' (1947) and ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' (1953) and made a few television appearances during the 1950s. From 1948 to 1958, Fontaine taught an acting class that developed into the Los Gatos Theatre workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==itokasi== bdvs4jopgadm4irraiszap4wt2d7aax 624727 624726 2026-07-01T18:56:10Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe Fontaine coached drama students when she lived in Saratoga, California, and she produced plays in a garden theatre that later was named for her.<ref name=mn081316/> After both of her daughters reached film stardom, Fontaine returned to acting with a role in [[Billy Wilder]]'s drama ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' (1945) as the mother of [[Jane Wyman]]'s character. She also played supporting roles in two films with her daughter Joan, ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' (1947) and ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' (1953) and made a few television appearances during the 1950s. From 1948 to 1958, Fontaine taught an acting class that developed into the Los Gatos Theatre workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==itokasi== pfi5tespmlov1wxpbdh9kpogs0q6bdz 624728 624727 2026-07-01T18:56:32Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Fontaine coached drama students when she lived in Saratoga, California, and she produced plays in a garden theatre that later was named for her.<ref name=mn081316/> After both of her daughters reached film stardom, Fontaine returned to acting with a role in [[Billy Wilder]]'s drama ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' (1945) as the mother of [[Jane Wyman]]'s character. She also played supporting roles in two films with her daughter Joan, ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' (1947) and ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' (1953) and made a few television appearances during the 1950s. From 1948 to 1958, Fontaine taught an acting class that developed into the Los Gatos Theatre workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==itokasi== rsjw4qej129uab9gipo66f8h865kmng 624729 624728 2026-07-01T19:03:02Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine <ref name=mn081316/> After both of her daughters reached film stardom, Fontaine returned to acting with a role in [[Billy Wilder]]'s drama ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' (1945) as the mother of [[Jane Wyman]]'s character. She also played supporting roles in two films with her daughter Joan, ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' (1947) and ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' (1953) and made a few television appearances during the 1950s. From 1948 to 1958, Fontaine taught an acting class that developed into the Los Gatos Theatre workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==itokasi== ok3pbvqty3f2enemea2nt4owj1dbwir 624730 624729 2026-07-01T19:03:19Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń <ref name=mn081316/> After both of her daughters reached film stardom, Fontaine returned to acting with a role in [[Billy Wilder]]'s drama ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' (1945) as the mother of [[Jane Wyman]]'s character. She also played supporting roles in two films with her daughter Joan, ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' (1947) and ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' (1953) and made a few television appearances during the 1950s. From 1948 to 1958, Fontaine taught an acting class that developed into the Los Gatos Theatre workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==itokasi== 875ka1bf69dkhckn8rs94vav09sgj5g 624731 624730 2026-07-01T19:03:32Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó <ref name=mn081316/> After both of her daughters reached film stardom, Fontaine returned to acting with a role in [[Billy Wilder]]'s drama ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' (1945) as the mother of [[Jane Wyman]]'s character. She also played supporting roles in two films with her daughter Joan, ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' (1947) and ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' (1953) and made a few television appearances during the 1950s. From 1948 to 1958, Fontaine taught an acting class that developed into the Los Gatos Theatre workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==itokasi== 60b6fd5pkrc71qv8cpb3g9s1qh7l5rq 624732 624731 2026-07-01T19:03:45Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> After both of her daughters reached film stardom, Fontaine returned to acting with a role in [[Billy Wilder]]'s drama ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' (1945) as the mother of [[Jane Wyman]]'s character. She also played supporting roles in two films with her daughter Joan, ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' (1947) and ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' (1953) and made a few television appearances during the 1950s. From 1948 to 1958, Fontaine taught an acting class that developed into the Los Gatos Theatre workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==itokasi== 9zkm9hlx3j8obcc67i5483f1lq1azoc 624733 624732 2026-07-01T19:04:42Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> After both of her daughters reached film stardom, Fontaine returned to acting with a role in [[Billy Wilder]]'s drama ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' (1945) as the mother of [[Jane Wyman]]'s character. She also played supporting roles in two films with her daughter Joan, ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' (1947) and ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' (1953) and made a few television appearances during the 1950s. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ <ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==itokasi== rhovj3uj5lcndedp3y69ljlm1nxc5u6 624734 624733 2026-07-01T19:05:03Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> After both of her daughters reached film stardom, Fontaine returned to acting with a role in [[Billy Wilder]]'s drama ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' (1945) as the mother of [[Jane Wyman]]'s character. She also played supporting roles in two films with her daughter Joan, ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' (1947) and ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' (1953) and made a few television appearances during the 1950s. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==itokasi== 8d3zmo2rchz2y586q5wutyrykycgp36 624735 624734 2026-07-01T19:05:28Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> After both of her daughters reached film stardom, Fontaine returned to acting with a role in [[Billy Wilder]]'s drama ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' (1945) as the mother of [[Jane Wyman]]'s character. She also played supporting roles in two films with her daughter Joan, ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' (1947) and ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' (1953) and made a few television appearances during the 1950s. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre <ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==itokasi== pripv4bjapp8e0m48k684lh7ohq2isr 624736 624735 2026-07-01T19:05:45Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> After both of her daughters reached film stardom, Fontaine returned to acting with a role in [[Billy Wilder]]'s drama ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' (1945) as the mother of [[Jane Wyman]]'s character. She also played supporting roles in two films with her daughter Joan, ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' (1947) and ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' (1953) and made a few television appearances during the 1950s. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==itokasi== cinlwkszm6l5t29xyzj9afdnreirurv 624737 624736 2026-07-01T19:08:21Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú [[Jane Wyman]]'s character. She also played supporting roles in two films with her daughter Joan, ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' (1947) and ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' (1953) and made a few television appearances during the 1950s. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==itokasi== i1xoh3vk2vj5jhgj4tmbu3ssbelpy5g 624738 624737 2026-07-01T19:08:40Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa [[Jane Wyman]]'s character. She also played supporting roles in two films with her daughter Joan, ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' (1947) and ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' (1953) and made a few television appearances during the 1950s. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==itokasi== 6h46n0c7y5c0syl79s92ksr40fpfege 624739 624738 2026-07-01T19:08:58Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s character. She also played supporting roles in two films with her daughter Joan, ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' (1947) and ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' (1953) and made a few television appearances during the 1950s. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==itokasi== 6tnek8whd96e4t3y4jg0abmy8g21i06 624740 624739 2026-07-01T19:10:15Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Iṣẹ́ òṣèré */ 624740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. She also played supporting roles in two films with her daughter Joan, ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' (1947) and ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' (1953) and made a few television appearances during the 1950s. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==itokasi== oqer6u34dxe7lqt5ml11l9ctrfj0ec6 624741 624740 2026-07-01T19:10:40Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==itokasi== d09nxhqahmfa5f6wb3zqvqzon9850a3 624742 624741 2026-07-01T19:11:01Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==itokasi== 9b5b1kmm5xm24gp59x6clpqihnmm2ul 624744 624742 2026-07-01T19:11:20Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==itokasi== px6l8s1tl0dvhf1pzeai87n322t5042 624745 624744 2026-07-01T19:11:36Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==itokasi== sme2fscryrfw7iyfu1bdswwv8tw81p3 624746 624745 2026-07-01T19:12:55Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Death == Fontaine died on 20 February 1975 of [[cancer]] aged 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> ==itokasi== kfgx5sddgq3rieege8xq4vbfyk6m3xx 624747 624746 2026-07-01T19:13:51Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ikú == Fontaine died on 20 February 1975 of [[cancer]] aged 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> ==itokasi== 6yeqpow8ll8b4xp59cgausfmf948bg2 624748 624747 2026-07-01T19:14:09Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> ==itokasi== i1unbdy7r37ndvtb4wc7l6of1p0fbpj 624749 624748 2026-07-01T19:14:25Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> ==itokasi== 6pite8a2wexvxiycecrkpg29bztez6s 624751 624749 2026-07-01T19:15:49Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù àti Eré Tẹlifíṣọ̀n == Ọdún Àkọlé Ipa Àlàyé 1945 The Lost Weekend Mrs. St. James Fíìmù 1946 The Locket Lady Wyndham Fíìmù 1947 Suddenly, It's Spring Ìyá Mary Fíìmù 1947 Time Out of Mind Aunt Melinda Fíìmù 1947 The Imperfect Lady Mrs. Gunner Fíìmù 1947 Ivy Lady Flora Fíìmù 1953 The Bigamist Miss Higgins (Onílé ilé) Fíìmù 1954 Waterfront Helen Martin Eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n (ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan) 1955 Studio 57 Anita Wilcox Eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n (ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan) 1955 Schlitz Playhouse of Stars — Eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n (ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan) 1956 Passport to Danger — Eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n (ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan) 1957 Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans Marian Eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n (ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan) ==itokasi== l7yoti0dzempxzhex6vzkwuwmc9ptvv 624752 624751 2026-07-01T19:16:17Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == Ọdún Àkọlé Ipa Àlàyé 1945 The Lost Weekend Mrs. St. James Fíìmù 1946 The Locket Lady Wyndham Fíìmù 1947 Suddenly, It's Spring Ìyá Mary Fíìmù 1947 Time Out of Mind Aunt Melinda Fíìmù 1947 The Imperfect Lady Mrs. Gunner Fíìmù 1947 Ivy Lady Flora Fíìmù 1953 The Bigamist Miss Higgins (Onílé ilé) Fíìmù 1954 Waterfront Helen Martin Eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n (ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan) 1955 Studio 57 Anita Wilcox Eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n (ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan) 1955 Schlitz Playhouse of Stars — Eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n (ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan) 1956 Passport to Danger — Eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n (ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan) 1957 Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans Marian Eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n (ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan) ==itokasi== c0afpaa3wkm2c8eaw93rmgp0h6n6rg4 624753 624752 2026-07-01T19:18:43Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Àwọn Fíìmù re */ 624753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Ọdún ! Àkọlé ! Ipa ! Àlàyé |- |1945|| ''The Lost Weekend'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''The Locket'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''Suddenly, It's Spring'' || Ìyá Mary || |- |1947|| ''Time Out of Mind'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''The Imperfect Lady'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''Ivy'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''The Bigamist'' || Miss Higgins, Onílé || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || Eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan |- |1955|| ''Studio 57'' || Anita Wilcox || Eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan |- |1955|| ''Schlitz Playhouse of Stars'' || || Eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || Eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan |- |1957|| ''Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans'' || Marian || Eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n, ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ kan |} ==itokasi== 488kqyrpkgtn3xld5fmws8rde4c4fzx 624755 624753 2026-07-01T19:19:58Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Àwọn Fíìmù re */ 624755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==itokasi== paympivpuwvk2ihbn73gm8fdc0mfz92 624761 624755 2026-07-01T19:51:28Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== hyajbl6p6za9cvurmmi2xnyzxj47ntw 624765 624761 2026-07-01T19:56:12Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624765 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> ==Personal life== After a stage career, Fontaine married the British [[patent attorney]] [[Walter de Havilland]] (1872–1968) in 1914. Their first daughter, [[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]], was born in 1916, followed by their second daughter, [[Joan Fontaine|Joan]], the following year. Both children were born in [[Tokyo]] where their father was a law professor and a patent attorney. After several years of marital strain, in part due to her husband's obsession with the ancient Chinese game [[Go (game)|Go]], Lilian Fontaine decided to end the marriage. However, the divorce was not finalised until February 1925.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> In 1922, the family moved to [[Saratoga, California]], hoping that the climate there would improve the health of her daughters, who suffered from "recurring ailments".<ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> In April 1925, she married the department store manager George M. Fontaine. They remained married until his death in 1956. She lived with her two daughters in California, and encouraged them to pursue acting careers. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== q1jc1e2fp27blvdn23sv4ey5vifmnf7 624767 624765 2026-07-01T19:58:00Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == After a stage career, Fontaine married the British [[patent attorney]] [[Walter de Havilland]] (1872–1968) in 1914. Their first daughter, [[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]], was born in 1916, followed by their second daughter, [[Joan Fontaine|Joan]], the following year. Both children were born in [[Tokyo]] where their father was a law professor and a patent attorney. After several years of marital strain, in part due to her husband's obsession with the ancient Chinese game [[Go (game)|Go]], Lilian Fontaine decided to end the marriage. However, the divorce was not finalised until February 1925.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> In 1922, the family moved to [[Saratoga, California]], hoping that the climate there would improve the health of her daughters, who suffered from "recurring ailments".<ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> In April 1925, she married the department store manager George M. Fontaine. They remained married until his death in 1956. She lived with her two daughters in California, and encouraged them to pursue acting careers. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== su569yyj4f2tkwbhwff5a0i9xeimkok 624769 624767 2026-07-01T20:03:58Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ */ New article 624769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú eré onípele, Fontaine fẹ́ Walter [[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]], was born in 1916, followed by their second daughter, [[Joan Fontaine|Joan]], the following year. Both children were born in [[Tokyo]] where their father was a law professor and a patent attorney. After several years of marital strain, in part due to her husband's obsession with the ancient Chinese game [[Go (game)|Go]], Lilian Fontaine decided to end the marriage. However, the divorce was not finalised until February 1925.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> In 1922, the family moved to [[Saratoga, California]], hoping that the climate there would improve the health of her daughters, who suffered from "recurring ailments".<ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> In April 1925, she married the department store manager George M. Fontaine. They remained married until his death in 1956. She lived with her two daughters in California, and encouraged them to pursue acting careers. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== 5zyewwovs2q3ggpptqmqganipxxkm46 624770 624769 2026-07-01T20:04:12Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú eré onípele, Fontaine fẹ́ Walter [[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]], was born in 1916, followed by their second daughter, [[Joan Fontaine|Joan]], the following year. Both children were born in [[Tokyo]] where their father was a law professor and a patent attorney. After several years of marital strain, in part due to her husband's obsession with the ancient Chinese game [[Go (game)|Go]], Lilian Fontaine decided to end the marriage. However, the divorce was not finalised until February 1925.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> In 1922, the family moved to [[Saratoga, California]], hoping that the climate there would improve the health of her daughters, who suffered from "recurring ailments".<ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> In April 1925, she married the department store manager George M. Fontaine. They remained married until his death in 1956. She lived with her two daughters in California, and encouraged them to pursue acting careers. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== pb1kslk830hfrs00got00460mjx3vi3 624771 624770 2026-07-01T20:05:15Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ */ 624771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú eré onípele, Fontaine fẹ́ Walter de Havilland, agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ [[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]], was born in 1916, followed by their second daughter, [[Joan Fontaine|Joan]], the following year. Both children were born in [[Tokyo]] where their father was a law professor and a patent attorney. After several years of marital strain, in part due to her husband's obsession with the ancient Chinese game [[Go (game)|Go]], Lilian Fontaine decided to end the marriage. However, the divorce was not finalised until February 1925.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> In 1922, the family moved to [[Saratoga, California]], hoping that the climate there would improve the health of her daughters, who suffered from "recurring ailments".<ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> In April 1925, she married the department store manager George M. Fontaine. They remained married until his death in 1956. She lived with her two daughters in California, and encouraged them to pursue acting careers. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== mgn2ff406pufps1br395h17twrm8g3c 624772 624771 2026-07-01T20:05:45Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ */ 624772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú eré onípele, Fontaine fẹ́ Walter de Havilland, agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ [[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]],, was born in 1916, followed by their second daughter, [[Joan Fontaine|Joan]], the following year. Both children were born in [[Tokyo]] where their father was a law professor and a patent attorney. After several years of marital strain, in part due to her husband's obsession with the ancient Chinese game [[Go (game)|Go]], Lilian Fontaine decided to end the marriage. However, the divorce was not finalised until February 1925.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> In 1922, the family moved to [[Saratoga, California]], hoping that the climate there would improve the health of her daughters, who suffered from "recurring ailments".<ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> In April 1925, she married the department store manager George M. Fontaine. They remained married until his death in 1956. She lived with her two daughters in California, and encouraged them to pursue acting careers. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== irskkuoljxbfn65ufp66yzqm05uwqjh 624775 624772 2026-07-01T20:08:28Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú eré onípele, Fontaine fẹ́ Walter de Havilland, agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney) ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, ní ọdún 1914. [[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]],, was born in 1916, followed by their second daughter, [[Joan Fontaine|Joan]], the following year. Both children were born in [[Tokyo]] where their father was a law professor and a patent attorney. After several years of marital strain, in part due to her husband's obsession with the ancient Chinese game [[Go (game)|Go]], Lilian Fontaine decided to end the marriage. However, the divorce was not finalised until February 1925.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> In 1922, the family moved to [[Saratoga, California]], hoping that the climate there would improve the health of her daughters, who suffered from "recurring ailments".<ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> In April 1925, she married the department store manager George M. Fontaine. They remained married until his death in 1956. She lived with her two daughters in California, and encouraged them to pursue acting careers. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== 1e9llc542agd7wnzukxz2nxurqaadfh 624777 624775 2026-07-01T20:10:10Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú eré onípele, Fontaine fẹ́ Walter de Havilland, agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney) ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, ní ọdún 1914.Ọmọbìnrin wọn àkọ́kọ́, Olivia de Havilland, ni wọ́n [[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]],, was born in 1916, followed by their second daughter, [[Joan Fontaine|Joan]], the following year. Both children were born in [[Tokyo]] where their father was a law professor and a patent attorney. After several years of marital strain, in part due to her husband's obsession with the ancient Chinese game [[Go (game)|Go]], Lilian Fontaine decided to end the marriage. However, the divorce was not finalised until February 1925.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> In 1922, the family moved to [[Saratoga, California]], hoping that the climate there would improve the health of her daughters, who suffered from "recurring ailments".<ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> In April 1925, she married the department store manager George M. Fontaine. They remained married until his death in 1956. She lived with her two daughters in California, and encouraged them to pursue acting careers. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== ednpusqvdbhaq26bfo9x6760ppeij8k 624778 624777 2026-07-01T20:13:47Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú eré onípele, Fontaine fẹ́ Walter de Havilland, agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney) ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, ní ọdún 1914.Ọmọbìnrin wọn àkọ́kọ́, Olivia de Havilland, ni wọ́n bí ní ọdún 1916, lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n bí ọmọbìnrin [[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]],, was born in 1916, followed by their second daughter, [[Joan Fontaine|Joan]], the following year. Both children were born in [[Tokyo]] where their father was a law professor and a patent attorney. After several years of marital strain, in part due to her husband's obsession with the ancient Chinese game [[Go (game)|Go]], Lilian Fontaine decided to end the marriage. However, the divorce was not finalised until February 1925.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> In 1922, the family moved to [[Saratoga, California]], hoping that the climate there would improve the health of her daughters, who suffered from "recurring ailments".<ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> In April 1925, she married the department store manager George M. Fontaine. They remained married until his death in 1956. She lived with her two daughters in California, and encouraged them to pursue acting careers. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== d6wpq82cb5abptyzg9ffxv5irwwj9l1 624786 624778 2026-07-01T20:20:49Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú eré onípele, Fontaine fẹ́ Walter de Havilland, agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney) ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, ní ọdún 1914.Ọmọbìnrin wọn àkọ́kọ́, Olivia de Havilland, ni wọ́n bí ní ọdún 1916, lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n bí ọmọbìnrin wọn kejì, Joan Fontaine, ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Àwọn [[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]],, was born in 1916, followed by their second daughter, [[Joan Fontaine|Joan]], the following year. Both children were born in [[Tokyo]] where their father was a law professor and a patent attorney. After several years of marital strain, in part due to her husband's obsession with the ancient Chinese game [[Go (game)|Go]], Lilian Fontaine decided to end the marriage. However, the divorce was not finalised until February 1925.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> In 1922, the family moved to [[Saratoga, California]], hoping that the climate there would improve the health of her daughters, who suffered from "recurring ailments".<ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> In April 1925, she married the department store manager George M. Fontaine. They remained married until his death in 1956. She lived with her two daughters in California, and encouraged them to pursue acting careers. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== jdy7x8po746vqqe2gqsd1ndde3zybmg 624788 624786 2026-07-01T20:22:11Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú eré onípele, Fontaine fẹ́ Walter de Havilland, agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney) ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, ní ọdún 1914.Ọmọbìnrin wọn àkọ́kọ́, Olivia de Havilland, ni wọ́n bí ní ọdún 1916, lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n bí ọmọbìnrin wọn kejì, Joan Fontaine, ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Àwọn ọmọ méjèèjì ni wọ́n bí ní Tokyo, níbi tí bàbá wọn [[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]],, was born in 1916, followed by their second daughter, [[Joan Fontaine|Joan]], the following year. Both children were born in [[Tokyo]] where their father was a law professor and a patent attorney. After several years of marital strain, in part due to her husband's obsession with the ancient Chinese game [[Go (game)|Go]], Lilian Fontaine decided to end the marriage. However, the divorce was not finalised until February 1925.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> In 1922, the family moved to [[Saratoga, California]], hoping that the climate there would improve the health of her daughters, who suffered from "recurring ailments".<ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> In April 1925, she married the department store manager George M. Fontaine. They remained married until his death in 1956. She lived with her two daughters in California, and encouraged them to pursue acting careers. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== 7rx3g3uz6zybdhw2pmh3agqm5je7stf 624790 624788 2026-07-01T20:22:43Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú eré onípele, Fontaine fẹ́ Walter de Havilland, agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney) ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, ní ọdún 1914.Ọmọbìnrin wọn àkọ́kọ́, Olivia de Havilland, ni wọ́n bí ní ọdún 1916, lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n bí ọmọbìnrin wọn kejì, Joan Fontaine, ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Àwọn ọmọ méjèèjì ni wọ́n bí ní Tokyo, níbi tí bàbá wọn ti ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ òfin àti agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú [[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]],, was born in 1916, followed by their second daughter, [[Joan Fontaine|Joan]], the following year. Both children were born in [[Tokyo]] where their father was a law professor and a patent attorney. After several years of marital strain, in part due to her husband's obsession with the ancient Chinese game [[Go (game)|Go]], Lilian Fontaine decided to end the marriage. However, the divorce was not finalised until February 1925.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> In 1922, the family moved to [[Saratoga, California]], hoping that the climate there would improve the health of her daughters, who suffered from "recurring ailments".<ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> In April 1925, she married the department store manager George M. Fontaine. They remained married until his death in 1956. She lived with her two daughters in California, and encouraged them to pursue acting careers. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== 8f7n2sdhencj5alzi3ar7pfwh3ilf5c 624791 624790 2026-07-01T20:23:56Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú eré onípele, Fontaine fẹ́ Walter de Havilland, agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney) ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, ní ọdún 1914.Ọmọbìnrin wọn àkọ́kọ́, Olivia de Havilland, ni wọ́n bí ní ọdún 1916, lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n bí ọmọbìnrin wọn kejì, Joan Fontaine, ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Àwọn ọmọ méjèèjì ni wọ́n bí ní Tokyo, níbi tí bàbá wọn ti ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ òfin àti agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀.[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]],, was born in 1916, followed by their second daughter, [[Joan Fontaine|Joan]], the following year. Both children were born in [[Tokyo]] where their father was a law professor and a patent attorney. After several years of marital strain, in part due to her husband's obsession with the ancient Chinese game [[Go (game)|Go]], Lilian Fontaine decided to end the marriage. However, the divorce was not finalised until February 1925.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> In 1922, the family moved to [[Saratoga, California]], hoping that the climate there would improve the health of her daughters, who suffered from "recurring ailments".<ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> In April 1925, she married the department store manager George M. Fontaine. They remained married until his death in 1956. She lived with her two daughters in California, and encouraged them to pursue acting careers. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== 1fv1qg8fo4x29uxiikb0zay0ym34jlt 624793 624791 2026-07-01T20:25:11Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú eré onípele, Fontaine fẹ́ Walter de Havilland, agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney) ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, ní ọdún 1914.Ọmọbìnrin wọn àkọ́kọ́, Olivia de Havilland, [[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]],, ni wọ́n bí ní ọdún 1916, lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n bí ọmọbìnrin wọn kejì, Joan Fontaine, ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Àwọn ọmọ méjèèjì ni wọ́n bí ní Tokyo, níbi tí bàbá wọn ti ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ òfin àti agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> In 1922, the family moved to [[Saratoga, California]], hoping that the climate there would improve the health of her daughters, who suffered from "recurring ailments".<ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> In April 1925, she married the department store manager George M. Fontaine. They remained married until his death in 1956. She lived with her two daughters in California, and encouraged them to pursue acting careers. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== a2fftg1s1o8o45yidikcxr5t6mihfm2 624794 624793 2026-07-01T20:26:29Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú eré onípele, Fontaine fẹ́ Walter de Havilland, agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney) ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, ní ọdún 1914.Ọmọbìnrin wọn àkọ́kọ́, Olivia de Havilland, [[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]],, ni wọ́n bí ní ọdún 1916, lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n bí ọmọbìnrin wọn kejì, [[Joan Fontaine]] , ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Àwọn ọmọ méjèèjì ni wọ́n bí ní [[Tokyo]] , níbi tí bàbá wọn ti ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ òfin àti agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> In 1922, the family moved to [[Saratoga, California]], hoping that the climate there would improve the health of her daughters, who suffered from "recurring ailments".<ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> In April 1925, she married the department store manager George M. Fontaine. They remained married until his death in 1956. She lived with her two daughters in California, and encouraged them to pursue acting careers. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== 2vxxv91sdx86pea2v31kbzxjcs743zo 624798 624794 2026-07-01T20:34:01Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú eré onípele, Fontaine fẹ́ Walter de Havilland, agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney) ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, ní ọdún 1914.Ọmọbìnrin wọn àkọ́kọ́, Olivia de Havilland, [[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]],, ni wọ́n bí ní ọdún 1916, lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n bí ọmọbìnrin wọn kejì, [[Joan Fontaine]] , ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Àwọn ọmọ méjèèjì ni wọ́n bí ní [[Tokyo]] , níbi tí bàbá wọn ti ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ òfin àti agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀.Lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún tí ìgbéyàwó wọn ti ń ní ìṣòro, ní pàtàkì nítorí ìfẹ́ ọkọ rẹ̀ tó pọ̀ sí eré ìgbàanì ti Ṣáínà tí a ń pè ní Go, Lilian Fontaine pinnu láti fòpin sí ìgbéyàwó náà. Síbẹ̀, ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó wọn kò parí ní òfin títí di oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1925.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> In 1922, the family moved to [[Saratoga, California]], hoping that the climate there would improve the health of her daughters, who suffered from "recurring ailments".<ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> In April 1925, she married the department store manager George M. Fontaine. They remained married until his death in 1956. She lived with her two daughters in California, and encouraged them to pursue acting careers. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== k230r0liafsa5ke802pdtxch3qfv496 624801 624798 2026-07-01T20:38:29Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú eré onípele, Fontaine fẹ́ Walter de Havilland, agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney) ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, ní ọdún 1914.Ọmọbìnrin wọn àkọ́kọ́, Olivia de Havilland, [[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]],, ni wọ́n bí ní ọdún 1916, lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n bí ọmọbìnrin wọn kejì, [[Joan Fontaine]] , ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Àwọn ọmọ méjèèjì ni wọ́n bí ní [[Tokyo]] , níbi tí bàbá wọn ti ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ òfin àti agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀.Lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún tí ìgbéyàwó wọn ti ń ní ìṣòro, ní pàtàkì nítorí ìfẹ́ ọkọ rẹ̀ tó pọ̀ sí eré ìgbàanì ti Ṣáínà tí a ń pè ní Go, Lilian Fontaine pinnu láti fòpin sí ìgbéyàwó náà. Síbẹ̀, ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó wọn kò parí ní òfin títí di oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1925.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1922, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí Saratoga, ní ìrètí <ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> In April 1925, she married the department store manager George M. Fontaine. They remained married until his death in 1956. She lived with her two daughters in California, and encouraged them to pursue acting careers. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== a5vqjty8j2xfz6qqla1a2c7gjjm9lqf 624802 624801 2026-07-01T20:38:46Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú eré onípele, Fontaine fẹ́ Walter de Havilland, agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney) ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, ní ọdún 1914.Ọmọbìnrin wọn àkọ́kọ́, Olivia de Havilland, [[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]],, ni wọ́n bí ní ọdún 1916, lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n bí ọmọbìnrin wọn kejì, [[Joan Fontaine]] , ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Àwọn ọmọ méjèèjì ni wọ́n bí ní [[Tokyo]] , níbi tí bàbá wọn ti ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ òfin àti agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀.Lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún tí ìgbéyàwó wọn ti ń ní ìṣòro, ní pàtàkì nítorí ìfẹ́ ọkọ rẹ̀ tó pọ̀ sí eré ìgbàanì ti Ṣáínà tí a ń pè ní Go, Lilian Fontaine pinnu láti fòpin sí ìgbéyàwó náà. Síbẹ̀, ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó wọn kò parí ní òfin títí di oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1925.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1922, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí Saratoga, ní ìrètí pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò mú kí ìlera àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀<ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> In April 1925, she married the department store manager George M. Fontaine. They remained married until his death in 1956. She lived with her two daughters in California, and encouraged them to pursue acting careers. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== 98gxk8grzs280tso8i97a4dwrukv1v9 624803 624802 2026-07-01T20:39:06Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú eré onípele, Fontaine fẹ́ Walter de Havilland, agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney) ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, ní ọdún 1914.Ọmọbìnrin wọn àkọ́kọ́, Olivia de Havilland, [[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]],, ni wọ́n bí ní ọdún 1916, lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n bí ọmọbìnrin wọn kejì, [[Joan Fontaine]] , ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Àwọn ọmọ méjèèjì ni wọ́n bí ní [[Tokyo]] , níbi tí bàbá wọn ti ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ òfin àti agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀.Lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún tí ìgbéyàwó wọn ti ń ní ìṣòro, ní pàtàkì nítorí ìfẹ́ ọkọ rẹ̀ tó pọ̀ sí eré ìgbàanì ti Ṣáínà tí a ń pè ní Go, Lilian Fontaine pinnu láti fòpin sí ìgbéyàwó náà. Síbẹ̀, ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó wọn kò parí ní òfin títí di oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1925.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1922, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí Saratoga, ní ìrètí pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò mú kí ìlera àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ sunwọ̀n sí i, nítorí wọ́n máa ń ṣàìsàn léraléra. <ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> In April 1925, she married the department store manager George M. Fontaine. They remained married until his death in 1956. She lived with her two daughters in California, and encouraged them to pursue acting careers. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== 8099bugjn0fspmtmq24tinhyez6bbpr 624804 624803 2026-07-01T20:39:24Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú eré onípele, Fontaine fẹ́ Walter de Havilland, agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney) ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, ní ọdún 1914.Ọmọbìnrin wọn àkọ́kọ́, Olivia de Havilland, [[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]],, ni wọ́n bí ní ọdún 1916, lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n bí ọmọbìnrin wọn kejì, [[Joan Fontaine]] , ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Àwọn ọmọ méjèèjì ni wọ́n bí ní [[Tokyo]] , níbi tí bàbá wọn ti ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ òfin àti agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀.Lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún tí ìgbéyàwó wọn ti ń ní ìṣòro, ní pàtàkì nítorí ìfẹ́ ọkọ rẹ̀ tó pọ̀ sí eré ìgbàanì ti Ṣáínà tí a ń pè ní Go, Lilian Fontaine pinnu láti fòpin sí ìgbéyàwó náà. Síbẹ̀, ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó wọn kò parí ní òfin títí di oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1925.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1922, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí Saratoga, ní ìrètí pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò mú kí ìlera àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ sunwọ̀n sí i, nítorí wọ́n máa ń ṣàìsàn léraléra.Wọ́n sì gbé níbẹ̀ títí di ọdún 1933.<ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> In April 1925, she married the department store manager George M. Fontaine. They remained married until his death in 1956. She lived with her two daughters in California, and encouraged them to pursue acting careers. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== a6b7t0twa3zqxg4x7cj6utpm1tnv9xw 624805 624804 2026-07-01T20:41:22Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ */ 624805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|English actress (1886–1975)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox person | name = Lilian Fontaine | image = Lilian Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, c. 1922.png | caption = Fontaine with her daughters, Joan and Olivia, {{c.|1922}} | birth_name = Lilian Augusta Ruse | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|11}} | birth_place = [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[Berkshire]], England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1975|2|20|1886|6|11}} | death_place = [[Santa Barbara, California]], U.S. | occupation = Actress | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|[[Walter de Havilland]]<br>|1914|1925|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|George Milan-Fontaine<br>|1925|1956|end=died}} }} | children = [[Olivia de Havilland]]<br/>[[Joan Fontaine]] | alma_mater = [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] }} '''Lilian Augusta Fontaine'''(orúkọ ìdílé rẹ̀ ṣáájú ìgbéyàwó jẹ́ Ruse, tí ó sì ti ń lo de Havilland tẹ́lẹ̀; ọjọ́ okanla oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 1886 – ọjọ́ ogún oṣù Kejì ọdún 1975 jẹ́ òṣèré ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àti ìyá [[Olivia de Havilland]] and [[Joan Fontaine]]. ==Ìgbésí ayé re== A bí Fontaine pẹ̀lú orúkọ Lilian Augusta Ruse ní Reading. Ní ọmọ ọdún mẹ́tàlá (13), ó gba sikolashipu láti Reading College nítorí ìmọ̀ àti ẹ̀bùn rẹ̀ nínú orin. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré ní Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) ní ìlú London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GII0AAAAIBAJ&pg=5201%2C2565884|title=Lilian Fontaine, Actress, Dies|author=UPI|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=22 February 1975|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ òṣèré == Fontaine fi iṣẹ́ òṣèré rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ nígbà tí ó ṣe ìgbéyàwó. Nígbà tí ó ń gbé ní Saratoga, California, Fontaine máa ń kọ́ àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ eré onípele. Ó tún máa ń ṣètò àti ṣe àwọn eré onípele nínú ilé eré kan tó wà nínú ọgbà, èyí tí wọ́n pè ní orúkọ rẹ̀ nígbà tó yá.<ref name=mn081316/> Lẹ́yìn tí àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì di olókìkí nínú ilé iṣẹ́ fíìmù, Fontaine padà sí iṣẹ́ òṣèré pẹ̀lú ipa kan nínú fíìmù eré The Lost Weekend (1945), tíBilly Wilder darí. Nínú fíìmù náà, ó ṣe ipa ìyá ohun kikọ tí [[Jane Wyman]]'s se. Ó tún ṣe àwọn ipa àtìlẹ́yìn nínú fíìmù méjì pẹ̀lú ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ Joan Fontaine, Ivy (1947) àti The Bigamist (1953). Ní àfikún sí i, ó tún farahàn nínú díẹ̀ lára àwọn eré tẹlifíṣọ̀n ní ọdún 1950 sí i. Láti ọdún 1948 títí di 1958, Fontaine ń kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ iṣẹ́ òṣèré fún àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ẹ̀kọ́ yẹn sì dàgbà di ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ eré onípele tí a mọ̀ sí Los Gatos Theatre Workshop.<ref>{{cite news |title=Actress Lilian Fontaine, 88 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20613677/lilian_fontaine/ |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=February 23, 1975 |location=Florida, St. Petersburg |page=21–B|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = June 2, 2018}} {{Open access}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀ == Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ nínú eré onípele, Fontaine fẹ́ Walter de Havilland, agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀ (patent attorney) ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, ní ọdún 1914.Ọmọbìnrin wọn àkọ́kọ́, Olivia de Havilland, [[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia]],, ni wọ́n bí ní ọdún 1916, lẹ́yìn náà ni wọ́n bí ọmọbìnrin wọn kejì, [[Joan Fontaine]] , ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Àwọn ọmọ méjèèjì ni wọ́n bí ní [[Tokyo]] , níbi tí bàbá wọn ti ń ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ òfin àti agbẹjọ́rò tó ń bójú tó ẹ̀tọ́ ìdasilẹ̀.Lẹ́yìn ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún tí ìgbéyàwó wọn ti ń ní ìṣòro, ní pàtàkì nítorí ìfẹ́ ọkọ rẹ̀ tó pọ̀ sí eré ìgbàanì ti Ṣáínà tí a ń pè ní Go, Lilian Fontaine pinnu láti fòpin sí ìgbéyàwó náà. Síbẹ̀, ìkọ̀sílẹ̀ ìgbéyàwó wọn kò parí ní òfin títí di oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1925.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bubbeo|first=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmjetV92THsC&dq=The+Women+of+Warner+Brothers%3A+The+Lives+and+Careers+of+15+Leading+Ladies%2C+with+Filmographies+for+Each&pg=PP1|title=The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, with Filmographies for Each|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn= 978-0-7864-1137-5| year=2002|page=55|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> Ní ọdún 1922, ìdílé náà kó lọ sí Saratoga, ní ìrètí pé ojú-ọjọ́ ibẹ̀ yóò mú kí ìlera àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ sunwọ̀n sí i, nítorí wọ́n máa ń ṣàìsàn léraléra.Wọ́n sì gbé níbẹ̀ títí di ọdún 1933.<ref name="mn">{{cite news |title=Joan Fontaine had fond memories of growing up in Saratoga |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |accessdate=2 June 2018 |work=The Mercury News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602015313/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/12/23/joan-fontaine-had-fond-memories-of-growing-up-in-saratoga/ |archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref> They lived there until 1933.<ref name="mn" /> Ní oṣù Kẹrin ọdún 1925, ó fẹ́ George M. Fontaine, alákóso ilé ìtajà kan. Wọ́n dúró gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọkọ àti aya títí di ìgbà tí George kú ní ọdún 1956. Ó gbé pẹ̀lú àwọn ọmọbìnrin rẹ̀ méjèèjì ní California, ó sì máa ń fún wọn ní ìmísí àti ìtìlẹ́yìn láti lépa iṣẹ́ òṣèré. {{chart top|de Havilland family tree}} {{Tree chart/start|align=center}} {{Tree chart| | | | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7}} {{Tree chart | | |AJ|V|RCH| | | | | | | | | | | | | |P4|V|P5 |AJ=Alice Jeannette (née Saunders)<br />1854–1911 |P4=[[Walter de Havilland]]<br />1872–1968 |P5=Lilian Fontaine (Ruse)<br />1886–1975 |RCH=Rev. Charles de Havilland<br />1854–1920 |boxstyle_P4=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P5=color:yellow; background-color: green; |boxstyle_RCH=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_AJ=background:pink; }} {{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|V|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }} {{Tree chart |P24| |P22|V|P21|-|P23| |P20| |P2|V|P1|V|P3| |P6|V|P9 |P1=[[Olivia de Havilland|Olivia Mary de Havilland]]<br />1916–2020 |P2=[[Marcus Goodrich]]<br />1897–1991 |P3=Pierre Galante<br />1909–1998 |P6=[[Joan Fontaine|Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland]]<br />1917–2013 |P9=[[William Dozier|William McElroy Dozier]]<br />1908–1991 |P20=[[Hereward de Havilland]]<br />1894–1976 |P21=[[Geoffrey de Havilland|Captain Sir Geoffrey de Havilland]]<br />1882–1965 |P22=Louise Thomas<br />{{c.|1879}}–1949 |P23=Joan Mary Frith<br />1900–1974 |P24=Ivon Molesworth Charles Jordan de Havilland<br />1879–1905 |boxstyle_P1=background:pink; |boxstyle_P3=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P6=background:pink; |boxstyle_P21=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P22=background:pink; |boxstyle_P23=background:pink; |boxstyle_P9=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P2=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P20=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P24=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |! | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | |P30| |P31| |P32| | | | | | | | | |P7 | |P8| | | | | |P10 |P7=Benjamin Goodrich<br />1949–1991 |P8=Gisèle Galante<br />1956– |P10=Deborah Leslie<br />1949– |P30=Peter Jason de Havilland<br />1913–1977 |P31=[[Geoffrey de Havilland Jr.]]<br />1910–1946 |P32=[[John de Havilland (pilot)|John de Havilland]]<br />1918–1943 |boxstyle_P7=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P8=background:pink; |boxstyle_P10=background:pink; |boxstyle_P30=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P31=background:lightblue; |boxstyle_P32=background:lightblue; }} {{Tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == Ikú == Fontaine kú ní ọjọ́ 20 oṣù Kejì, ọdún 1975, nítorí àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ (cancer), ní ọmọ ọdún 88.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amburn|first=Ellis|date=September 2018|url={{googlebooks|TfNiDwAAQBAJ|page=299|plainurl=y}}|title=Olivia de Havilland and the Golden Age of Hollywood|location=Guilford, Connecticut|publisher=Lyons Press|page=299|isbn=978-1-49303-409-3}}</ref> == Àwọn Fíìmù re == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes |- |1945|| ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' || Mrs. St. James || |- |1946|| ''[[The Locket (1946 film)|The Locket]]'' || Lady Wyndham || |- |1947|| ''[[Suddenly, It's Spring]]'' || Mary's Mother || |- |1947|| ''[[Time Out of Mind (1947 film)|Time Out of Mind]]'' || Aunt Melinda || |- |1947|| ''[[The Imperfect Lady (1947 film)|The Imperfect Lady]]'' || Mrs. Gunner || |- |1947|| ''[[Ivy (1947 film)|Ivy]]'' || Lady Flora || |- |1953|| ''[[The Bigamist (1953 film)|The Bigamist]]'' || Miss Higgins, Landlady || |- |1954|| ''Waterfront'' || Helen Martin || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Studio 57]]'' || Anita Wilcox || TV series, 1 episode |- |1955|| ''[[Schlitz Playhouse of Stars]]'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1956|| ''Passport to Danger'' || || TV series, 1 episode |- |1957|| ''[[Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans]]'' || Marian || TV series, 1 episode |} ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí mìíràn == * {{IMDb name|0284832}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fontaine, Lilian}} [[Category:1886 births]] [[Category:1975 deaths]] [[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] [[Category:British emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:British stage actresses]] [[Category:British film actresses]] [[Category:British television actresses]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in California]] [[Category:De Havilland family]] [[Category:Actresses from Reading, Berkshire]] [[Category:Actors from Saratoga, California]] [[Category:Actresses from Santa Clara County, California]] ==itokasi== hfnbdxdmcc5ellx1ii6f34m440axwz3 0 80778 624773 624536 2026-07-01T20:06:41Z Saidelo 33975 /* */ Àtúnṣe ránpẹ́ 624773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox venue | name = Paljor Stadium | image = Paljor Stadium, Gangtok.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = View of the stadium | owner = [[Sikkim Football Association]] | broke_ground = 1939 | opened = 1943 | expanded = April 2001– September 2005 | renovated = 2022 | location = [[Gangtok]], [[Sikkim]] | coordinates = | surface = [[Artificial turf]] | dimensions = {{convert|104|x|65|m|yd|abbr=on}} | architect = | structural_engineer = | services_engineer = | main_contractors = | construction_cost = | capacity = 30,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Paljor Stadium|accessdate=18 August 2017|publisher=soccerway|url=https://int.soccerway.com/venues/india/paljor-stadium/v8748/}}</ref> | tenants = [[Sikkim Premier Division League|SFA A-Division S-League]]<ref>{{cite news |title=PREMIER DIVISION S-LEAGUE 2019: KUMAR SPORTING FC 2–2 UNICORN FC AND SIKKIM AAKRAMAN FC 5–0 UNITED SIKKIM FC |url=https://www.goalie365.com/show_details.php?article_id=3113 |access-date=8 July 2020 |work=Goalie365 |date=31 August 2019}}</ref> <br/> [[Sikkim Premier League]] <br/> Sikkim B Division <br/> Sikkim C Division <br/> [[Sikkim Gold Cup]] <br/> Independence Cup <br/> [[Sikkim Women's Super League]] <br/> [[Sikkim football team]] <br/> Sikkim women's football team }} '''Paljor Stadium''' jẹ́ pápá [[Boolu-afesegba|ìṣeré bọ́ọ̀lù]] kan tí ó wà ní ìlú Gangtok,<ref>{{cite web|first=Nilesh|last=Bhattacharya|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/bhutia-launches-united-sikkim-club-in-new-avatar/articleshow/7763137.cms?from=mdr|title=Bhaichung Bhutia launches United Sikkim in new avatar|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=8 October 2021|date=23 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121065938/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/bhutia-launches-united-sikkim-club-in-new-avatar/articleshow/7763137.cms?from=mdr|archive-date=21 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/united-sikkim-fc-pull-off-spectacular-win-crucial-sikkim-premier-league-match.html|title=United Sikkim FC pull off spectacular win in crucial Sikkim Premier League match|last=NE NOW NEWS|first=11:14 am|date=19 August 2018|access-date=15 April 2022|website=nenow.in|publisher=North East Now|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415142201/https://nenow.in/north-east-news/united-sikkim-fc-pull-off-spectacular-win-crucial-sikkim-premier-league-match.html|archive-date=15 April 2022}}</ref> Sikkim, India.<ref>{{cite web|title=USFC concludes training for Kalinga Cup & 2nd Div I-League|url=http://isikkim.com/2011-12-usfc-concludes-training-for-kalinga-cup-2nd-div-i-league-31-03/|publisher=iSikkim|access-date=16 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120131918/http://isikkim.com/2011-12-usfc-concludes-training-for-kalinga-cup-2nd-div-i-league-31-03/|archive-date=20 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sikkim Aakraman F.C. Sikkim Premier Division League Champions|url=http://sikkimexpress.com/NewsDetails?ContentID=6530&SectionID=2|website=sikkimexpress.com|publisher=The Sikkim Express|date=26 September 2017|access-date=28 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927145752/http://sikkimexpress.com/NewsDetails?ContentID=6530&SectionID=2|archive-date=27 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insidesport.in/fpai-awards-2023-bengaluru-fcs-sivasakthi-narayanan-wins-young-player-of-year-mumbai-city-fc-swoop-numerous-awards-check-out/|title=FPAI Awards 2023: Bengaluru FC's Sivasakthi Narayanan wins Young Player of year, Mumbai City FC SWOOP numerous awards – Check Out|date=13 May 2023|access-date=13 May 2023|website=insidesport.in|publisher=Inside Sport India|first=Triyasha|last=Chatterjee|location=Gangtok|archive-date=13 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513162608/https://www.insidesport.in/fpai-awards-2023-bengaluru-fcs-sivasakthi-narayanan-wins-young-player-of-year-mumbai-city-fc-swoop-numerous-awards-check-out/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Goalie365|title=Sikkim Football Association released the fixture for 2018 Sikkim Premier Division League at football house in Gangtok.|url=http://www.goalie365.com/show_details.php?article_id=2315/Sikkim%20Premier%20Division%20League%202018%20fixtures%20announced|publisher=Goalie365|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref> O lè gba tó ẹgbẹ̀rún ọgbọn àwọn olùwòran eré ìdárayá. Yàtọ̀ sí pé ó ti gbà àlejò ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù èyítí wọn kópa nínú ìdíje I-League àti I-League 2 tẹ́lẹ̀, pápá ìṣeré náà tún ń tí gbà àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí wọ́n kópa nínú oríṣiríṣi ìdíje líìgì àti ìdíje agbègbè.<ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india2020.html India 2019/20: Sikkim Governor's Gold Cup]. ''RSSSF''. Retrieved 3 October 2021.</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Aritra|last=Chowdhury|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/msc-confident-ahead-of-gold-cup-final-vs-sikkim-himalayan-fc/articleshow/72011202.cms|title=MSC confident ahead of Gold Cup final vs Sikkim Himalayan FC|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 November 2019|access-date=19 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216195452/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/msc-confident-ahead-of-gold-cup-final-vs-sikkim-himalayan-fc/articleshow/72011202.cms|archive-date=16 December 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Fáìlì:Paljor_Stadium_View.jpg|alt=Paljor Stadium, Gangtok, Sikkim|thumb|Àwọn òṣèré ń ṣe ìdánrawò ní Paljor Stadium, Gangtok]] [[Fáìlì:The_students,_Army,_ITBP_and_SSB_personnel,_NCC,_NYK,_Art_of_Living_and_yoga_enthusiasts_performed_the_drill_guided_by_Yoga_instructor_from_AYUSH_Sikkim,_Mr._Jagannath_Niroula.jpg|thumb|Pápá ìṣeré nígbà tí a ń ṣe ètò yoga]] == Ìtàn == Chogyal fún pápá ìṣeré náà ní orúkọ àpẹ̀ṣẹ́ náà ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1943 nítorí pé [[Ilẹ̀ọba Aṣọ̀kan|àwọn ará Biritiko]] àti àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ díẹ̀ lára ìdílé ọlọ́lá tí ìlú Sikkim ló ń ṣeré ní pápá ìṣeré Polo Ground nígbà náà.<ref>{{cite news|title=TENZING TSHEPEL DOUBLE HAND SIKKIM AAKRAMAN FC CRUCIAL THREE POINTS|url=https://www.goalie365.com/show_details.php?article_id=1413|access-date=8 July 2020|publisher=Goalie365|website=www.goalie365.com|date=16 September 2017|archive-date=11 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711080035/https://www.goalie365.com/show_details.php?article_id=1413|url-status=dead}}</ref> Àwọn àgbàlagbà jẹ kí ó dì mímọ wípé ilẹ̀ pẹ̀tẹ́lẹ̀ yìí ní àwọn oníṣòwò Tibet ń gbá láti kó àwọn àgbò [[Àgùtàn|àgùntàn]] wọn lọ sí Sikkim àti orílẹ̀ èdè India. Ní nǹkan bí ọdún 1939, ọ̀kan lára àwọn olóṣèlú, Sir Basil Gould ti gba owó ìdókòwò Rs.3000 (tó tó $75.2634) fún ẹ̀ka igbó, ó sì pàṣẹ pé kí wọ́n ṣètò láti ṣe ìfihàn koríko níbẹ̀. Gbogbo iṣẹ́ náà parí ní oṣù kẹrin ọdún 1941. Lẹ́yìn náà, Paljor Stadium di ibi pàtàkì fún gbogbo ìpàdé gbogbo ènìyàn, títí dórí àwọn olórí ìjọba àti àwọn aṣáájú ìsìn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kolkatafootball.com/39th_sikkim_governors_gold_cup_2019/sikkim_gold_cup_final.html|title=39th SIKKIM GOVERNOR'S GOLD CUP 2019 SEMI-FINALS AND FINAL|website=Kolkatafootball.com|access-date=3 October 2021}}</ref> [[Fáìlì:PALJOR2.JPG|thumb|Àwọn ìjókòó ní Paljor Stadium]] {{Coord|27.334131|88.611981|type:landmark_scale:3000}} == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} 0cfsfnsnt973xif3bn8t7ijrt6eg83t 0 80779 624672 2026-07-01T17:37:44Z Royalesignature 26633 O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358998539|Oluwaunmi Somide]]" 624672 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1991) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú . == Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ == === Nàìjíríà === Somide bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù ní ọdún 2005 pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Pepsi Football Academy ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] . Ní ọdún 2007, ó kó lọ sí Ebedei, níbi tí wọ́n ti ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2008. === Moldova === Ó kúrò ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 2008 lọ sí [[Móldófà|Moldova]], níbi tí ó ti fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn olojo pípẹ́ pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù FC Olimpia Bălţi . Ó kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Moldova National Division ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2008 nígbà tí wọ́n jáwé olúborí nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Sheriff Tiraspol pẹ̀lú àmì 1–0, ó sì gba góólù àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ wọlé nínú ìdíje náà. Ó ṣe ìfarahàn 74, ó sì gba góólù 34 láti ọdún 2008 títí di ọdún 2012 nínú líìgì Moldova National Division 1. === Íńdíà === Ní ọdún 2013, ó kó lọ sí India, níbi tí ó ti fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ìgbà díẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Jwalandeep [[United Sikkim FC]] . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=17 April 2025|location=New Delhi}}</ref> Ó ṣe àdéhùn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Durand Cup ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2013 nínú ìṣẹ́gun 3–1 lórí Assam Regiment centre, ó sì gba góólù méjì nínú ìdíje náà. Ní ọdún 2014, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún kan pẹ̀lú Mohammedan SC ní ìpín kejì I-League, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ eré rẹ̀ ní ìṣẹ́gun 2–0 sí United SC . Ní ọdún 2015, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn oṣù mẹ́fà pẹ̀lú Guwahati FC. Ní ọdún 2016, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn oṣù mẹ́rin pẹ̀lú East Bengal ní Calcutta Football League. Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ rẹ̀ jẹ́ pẹ̀lú Peerless SC. Ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣẹ́gun eré náà ní 2–0. Ó tún ran ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ láti gba ife Calcutta football League cup ní ọdún 2015–16. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Nepal === Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja darapo mo ilu Biratnagar fun akoko idasile ti Nepal Super League 2021. O gba ami ayo marun wole ninu ere mefa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1991]] touczs4lfcrocvm0oxysca2r1nvk2xl 624673 624672 2026-07-01T17:39:10Z Royalesignature 26633 624673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Oluwawunmi Somide | image = Oluwaunmi Somide.jpg | image_size = 250px | fullname = Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1991|5|16}} | birth_place = [[Abeokuta]], [[Nigeria]] | height = {{height|meters=1.70}} | currentclub = | clubnumber = | position = [[Forward (association football)#Striker|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 2005–2007 | youthclubs1 = [[Pepsi Football Academy]] | youthyears2 = 2007–2008 | youthclubs2 = [[F.C. Ebedei|Ebedei]] | years1 = 2008–2012 | clubs1 = [[FC Olimpia Bălţi]] | caps1 = 74 | goals1 = 34 | years2 = 2013–2014 | clubs2 = [[United Sikkim]] | caps2 = 15 | goals2 = 9 | years3 = 2014 | clubs3 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] | caps3 = 27 | goals3 = 15 | years4 = 2015 | clubs4 = [[Tollygunge Agragami]] | caps4 = 11 | goals4 = 4 | years5 = 2015 | clubs5 = [[Guwahati FC]] (Loan) | caps5 = 7 | goals5 = 5 | years6 = 2016 | clubs6 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] | caps6 = 12 | goals6 = 6 | years7 = 2017 | clubs7 = [[Chennai City]] | caps7 = 0 | goals7 = 0 | years8 = 2017 | clubs8 = [[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]] | caps8 = 14 | goals8 = 3 | years9 = 2018–2019 | clubs9 = [[Manang Marshyangdi Club]] | caps9 = 17 | goals9 = 8 | years10 = 2019–2020 | clubs10 = [[Machhindra F.C.|Macchindra Club]] | caps10 = 11 | goals10 = 6 | years11 = 2021 | clubs11 = [[Biratnagar City FC|Biratnagar City]] | caps11 = 6 | goals11 = 2 | nationalyears1 = | nationalteam1 = | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = }} '''Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1991) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú . == Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ == === Nàìjíríà === Somide bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù ní ọdún 2005 pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Pepsi Football Academy ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] . Ní ọdún 2007, ó kó lọ sí Ebedei, níbi tí wọ́n ti ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2008. === Moldova === Ó kúrò ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 2008 lọ sí [[Móldófà|Moldova]], níbi tí ó ti fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn olojo pípẹ́ pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù FC Olimpia Bălţi . Ó kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Moldova National Division ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2008 nígbà tí wọ́n jáwé olúborí nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Sheriff Tiraspol pẹ̀lú àmì 1–0, ó sì gba góólù àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ wọlé nínú ìdíje náà. Ó ṣe ìfarahàn 74, ó sì gba góólù 34 láti ọdún 2008 títí di ọdún 2012 nínú líìgì Moldova National Division 1. === Íńdíà === Ní ọdún 2013, ó kó lọ sí India, níbi tí ó ti fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ìgbà díẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Jwalandeep [[United Sikkim FC]] . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=17 April 2025|location=New Delhi}}</ref> Ó ṣe àdéhùn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Durand Cup ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2013 nínú ìṣẹ́gun 3–1 lórí Assam Regiment centre, ó sì gba góólù méjì nínú ìdíje náà. Ní ọdún 2014, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún kan pẹ̀lú Mohammedan SC ní ìpín kejì I-League, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ eré rẹ̀ ní ìṣẹ́gun 2–0 sí United SC . Ní ọdún 2015, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn oṣù mẹ́fà pẹ̀lú Guwahati FC. Ní ọdún 2016, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn oṣù mẹ́rin pẹ̀lú East Bengal ní Calcutta Football League. Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ rẹ̀ jẹ́ pẹ̀lú Peerless SC. Ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣẹ́gun eré náà ní 2–0. Ó tún ran ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ láti gba ife Calcutta football League cup ní ọdún 2015–16. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Nepal === Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja darapo mo ilu Biratnagar fun akoko idasile ti Nepal Super League 2021. O gba ami ayo marun wole ninu ere mefa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1991]] e9m53schlz0ruxp77ecyw38tmxk2j5i 624674 624673 2026-07-01T17:41:42Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Íńdíà */ 624674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Oluwawunmi Somide | image = Oluwaunmi Somide.jpg | image_size = 250px | fullname = Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1991|5|16}} | birth_place = [[Abeokuta]], [[Nigeria]] | height = {{height|meters=1.70}} | currentclub = | clubnumber = | position = [[Forward (association football)#Striker|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 2005–2007 | youthclubs1 = [[Pepsi Football Academy]] | youthyears2 = 2007–2008 | youthclubs2 = [[F.C. Ebedei|Ebedei]] | years1 = 2008–2012 | clubs1 = [[FC Olimpia Bălţi]] | caps1 = 74 | goals1 = 34 | years2 = 2013–2014 | clubs2 = [[United Sikkim]] | caps2 = 15 | goals2 = 9 | years3 = 2014 | clubs3 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] | caps3 = 27 | goals3 = 15 | years4 = 2015 | clubs4 = [[Tollygunge Agragami]] | caps4 = 11 | goals4 = 4 | years5 = 2015 | clubs5 = [[Guwahati FC]] (Loan) | caps5 = 7 | goals5 = 5 | years6 = 2016 | clubs6 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] | caps6 = 12 | goals6 = 6 | years7 = 2017 | clubs7 = [[Chennai City]] | caps7 = 0 | goals7 = 0 | years8 = 2017 | clubs8 = [[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]] | caps8 = 14 | goals8 = 3 | years9 = 2018–2019 | clubs9 = [[Manang Marshyangdi Club]] | caps9 = 17 | goals9 = 8 | years10 = 2019–2020 | clubs10 = [[Machhindra F.C.|Macchindra Club]] | caps10 = 11 | goals10 = 6 | years11 = 2021 | clubs11 = [[Biratnagar City FC|Biratnagar City]] | caps11 = 6 | goals11 = 2 | nationalyears1 = | nationalteam1 = | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = }} '''Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1991) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú . == Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ == === Nàìjíríà === Somide bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù ní ọdún 2005 pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Pepsi Football Academy ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] . Ní ọdún 2007, ó kó lọ sí Ebedei, níbi tí wọ́n ti ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2008. === Moldova === Ó kúrò ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 2008 lọ sí [[Móldófà|Moldova]], níbi tí ó ti fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn olojo pípẹ́ pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù FC Olimpia Bălţi . Ó kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Moldova National Division ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2008 nígbà tí wọ́n jáwé olúborí nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Sheriff Tiraspol pẹ̀lú àmì 1–0, ó sì gba góólù àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ wọlé nínú ìdíje náà. Ó ṣe ìfarahàn 74, ó sì gba góólù 34 láti ọdún 2008 títí di ọdún 2012 nínú líìgì Moldova National Division 1. === Íńdíà === Ní ọdún 2013, ó kó lọ sí India, níbi tí ó ti fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ìgbà díẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Jwalandeep [[United Sikkim FC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/united-sikkim-aim-to-make-amends|title=United Sikkim aim to make amends|work=All India Football Federation|date=25 March 2014|access-date=17 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417140615/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/united-sikkim-aim-to-make-amends|archive-date=17 April 2025|location=New Delhi}}</ref> Ó ṣe àdéhùn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Durand Cup ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2013 nínú ìṣẹ́gun 3–1 lórí Assam Regiment centre, ó sì gba góólù méjì nínú ìdíje náà. Ní ọdún 2014, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún kan pẹ̀lú Mohammedan SC ní ìpín kejì I-League, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ eré rẹ̀ ní ìṣẹ́gun 2–0 sí United SC . Ní ọdún 2015, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn oṣù mẹ́fà pẹ̀lú Guwahati FC. Ní ọdún 2016, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn oṣù mẹ́rin pẹ̀lú East Bengal ní Calcutta Football League. Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ rẹ̀ jẹ́ pẹ̀lú Peerless SC. Ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣẹ́gun eré náà ní 2–0. Ó tún ran ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ láti gba ife Calcutta football League cup ní ọdún 2015–16. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Nepal === Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja darapo mo ilu Biratnagar fun akoko idasile ti Nepal Super League 2021. O gba ami ayo marun wole ninu ere mefa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1991]] lc1kr7mvq1zh8h5reul2f1cfkvfrzen 624675 624674 2026-07-01T17:43:56Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Nepal */ 624675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Oluwawunmi Somide | image = Oluwaunmi Somide.jpg | image_size = 250px | fullname = Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1991|5|16}} | birth_place = [[Abeokuta]], [[Nigeria]] | height = {{height|meters=1.70}} | currentclub = | clubnumber = | position = [[Forward (association football)#Striker|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 2005–2007 | youthclubs1 = [[Pepsi Football Academy]] | youthyears2 = 2007–2008 | youthclubs2 = [[F.C. Ebedei|Ebedei]] | years1 = 2008–2012 | clubs1 = [[FC Olimpia Bălţi]] | caps1 = 74 | goals1 = 34 | years2 = 2013–2014 | clubs2 = [[United Sikkim]] | caps2 = 15 | goals2 = 9 | years3 = 2014 | clubs3 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] | caps3 = 27 | goals3 = 15 | years4 = 2015 | clubs4 = [[Tollygunge Agragami]] | caps4 = 11 | goals4 = 4 | years5 = 2015 | clubs5 = [[Guwahati FC]] (Loan) | caps5 = 7 | goals5 = 5 | years6 = 2016 | clubs6 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] | caps6 = 12 | goals6 = 6 | years7 = 2017 | clubs7 = [[Chennai City]] | caps7 = 0 | goals7 = 0 | years8 = 2017 | clubs8 = [[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]] | caps8 = 14 | goals8 = 3 | years9 = 2018–2019 | clubs9 = [[Manang Marshyangdi Club]] | caps9 = 17 | goals9 = 8 | years10 = 2019–2020 | clubs10 = [[Machhindra F.C.|Macchindra Club]] | caps10 = 11 | goals10 = 6 | years11 = 2021 | clubs11 = [[Biratnagar City FC|Biratnagar City]] | caps11 = 6 | goals11 = 2 | nationalyears1 = | nationalteam1 = | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = }} '''Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1991) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú . == Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ == === Nàìjíríà === Somide bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù ní ọdún 2005 pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Pepsi Football Academy ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] . Ní ọdún 2007, ó kó lọ sí Ebedei, níbi tí wọ́n ti ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2008. === Moldova === Ó kúrò ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 2008 lọ sí [[Móldófà|Moldova]], níbi tí ó ti fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn olojo pípẹ́ pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù FC Olimpia Bălţi . Ó kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Moldova National Division ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2008 nígbà tí wọ́n jáwé olúborí nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Sheriff Tiraspol pẹ̀lú àmì 1–0, ó sì gba góólù àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ wọlé nínú ìdíje náà. Ó ṣe ìfarahàn 74, ó sì gba góólù 34 láti ọdún 2008 títí di ọdún 2012 nínú líìgì Moldova National Division 1. === Íńdíà === Ní ọdún 2013, ó kó lọ sí India, níbi tí ó ti fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ìgbà díẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Jwalandeep [[United Sikkim FC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/united-sikkim-aim-to-make-amends|title=United Sikkim aim to make amends|work=All India Football Federation|date=25 March 2014|access-date=17 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417140615/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/united-sikkim-aim-to-make-amends|archive-date=17 April 2025|location=New Delhi}}</ref> Ó ṣe àdéhùn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Durand Cup ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2013 nínú ìṣẹ́gun 3–1 lórí Assam Regiment centre, ó sì gba góólù méjì nínú ìdíje náà. Ní ọdún 2014, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún kan pẹ̀lú Mohammedan SC ní ìpín kejì I-League, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ eré rẹ̀ ní ìṣẹ́gun 2–0 sí United SC . Ní ọdún 2015, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn oṣù mẹ́fà pẹ̀lú Guwahati FC. Ní ọdún 2016, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn oṣù mẹ́rin pẹ̀lú East Bengal ní Calcutta Football League. Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ rẹ̀ jẹ́ pẹ̀lú Peerless SC. Ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣẹ́gun eré náà ní 2–0. Ó tún ran ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ láti gba ife Calcutta football League cup ní ọdún 2015–16. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">ìtọ́kasí tí a nílò</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Nepal === Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja darapo mo ilu Biratnagar fun akoko idasile ti Nepal Super League 2021. O gba ami ayo marun wole ninu ere mefa. ==Àmín ẹyẹ== '''Gokulam Kerala''' *AWES Cup runner-up: 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.demposportsclub.com/dempo-sc-lift-maiden-awes-cup-last-minute-thriller/|title=Dempo SC Lift Maiden AWES Cup In Last Minute Thriller|date=18 September 2017|access-date=27 January 2022|website=demposportsclub.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503095120/https://www.demposportsclub.com/dempo-sc-lift-maiden-awes-cup-last-minute-thriller/|archive-date=3 May 2023}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1991]] o5x2v9us7z1lgznmh3uwwtk3dnhci13 624676 624675 2026-07-01T17:48:42Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Íńdíà */ 624676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Oluwawunmi Somide | image = Oluwaunmi Somide.jpg | image_size = 250px | fullname = Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1991|5|16}} | birth_place = [[Abeokuta]], [[Nigeria]] | height = {{height|meters=1.70}} | currentclub = | clubnumber = | position = [[Forward (association football)#Striker|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 2005–2007 | youthclubs1 = [[Pepsi Football Academy]] | youthyears2 = 2007–2008 | youthclubs2 = [[F.C. Ebedei|Ebedei]] | years1 = 2008–2012 | clubs1 = [[FC Olimpia Bălţi]] | caps1 = 74 | goals1 = 34 | years2 = 2013–2014 | clubs2 = [[United Sikkim]] | caps2 = 15 | goals2 = 9 | years3 = 2014 | clubs3 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] | caps3 = 27 | goals3 = 15 | years4 = 2015 | clubs4 = [[Tollygunge Agragami]] | caps4 = 11 | goals4 = 4 | years5 = 2015 | clubs5 = [[Guwahati FC]] (Loan) | caps5 = 7 | goals5 = 5 | years6 = 2016 | clubs6 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] | caps6 = 12 | goals6 = 6 | years7 = 2017 | clubs7 = [[Chennai City]] | caps7 = 0 | goals7 = 0 | years8 = 2017 | clubs8 = [[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]] | caps8 = 14 | goals8 = 3 | years9 = 2018–2019 | clubs9 = [[Manang Marshyangdi Club]] | caps9 = 17 | goals9 = 8 | years10 = 2019–2020 | clubs10 = [[Machhindra F.C.|Macchindra Club]] | caps10 = 11 | goals10 = 6 | years11 = 2021 | clubs11 = [[Biratnagar City FC|Biratnagar City]] | caps11 = 6 | goals11 = 2 | nationalyears1 = | nationalteam1 = | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = }} '''Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1991) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú . == Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ == === Nàìjíríà === Somide bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù ní ọdún 2005 pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Pepsi Football Academy ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] . Ní ọdún 2007, ó kó lọ sí Ebedei, níbi tí wọ́n ti ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2008. === Moldova === Ó kúrò ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 2008 lọ sí [[Móldófà|Moldova]], níbi tí ó ti fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn olojo pípẹ́ pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù FC Olimpia Bălţi . Ó kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Moldova National Division ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2008 nígbà tí wọ́n jáwé olúborí nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Sheriff Tiraspol pẹ̀lú àmì 1–0, ó sì gba góólù àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ wọlé nínú ìdíje náà. Ó ṣe ìfarahàn 74, ó sì gba góólù 34 láti ọdún 2008 títí di ọdún 2012 nínú líìgì Moldova National Division 1. === Íńdíà === Ní ọdún 2013, ó kó lọ sí India, níbi tí ó ti fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ìgbà díẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Jwalandeep [[United Sikkim FC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/united-sikkim-aim-to-make-amends|title=United Sikkim aim to make amends|work=All India Football Federation|date=25 March 2014|access-date=17 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417140615/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/united-sikkim-aim-to-make-amends|archive-date=17 April 2025|location=New Delhi}}</ref> Ó ṣe àdéhùn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Durand Cup ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2013 nínú ìṣẹ́gun 3–1 lórí Assam Regiment centre, ó sì gba góólù méjì nínú ìdíje náà. Ní ọdún 2014, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún kan pẹ̀lú Mohammedan SC ní ìpín kejì I-League, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ eré rẹ̀ ní ìṣẹ́gun 2–0 sí United SC . Ní ọdún 2015, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn oṣù mẹ́fà pẹ̀lú Guwahati FC. Ní ọdún 2016, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn oṣù mẹ́rin pẹ̀lú East Bengal ní Calcutta Football League. Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ rẹ̀ jẹ́ pẹ̀lú Peerless SC. Ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣẹ́gun eré náà ní 2–0. Ó tún ran ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ láti gba ife Calcutta football League cup ní ọdún 2015–16. === Nepal === Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja darapo mo ilu Biratnagar fun akoko idasile ti Nepal Super League 2021. O gba ami ayo marun wole ninu ere mefa. ==Àmín ẹyẹ== '''Gokulam Kerala''' *AWES Cup runner-up: 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.demposportsclub.com/dempo-sc-lift-maiden-awes-cup-last-minute-thriller/|title=Dempo SC Lift Maiden AWES Cup In Last Minute Thriller|date=18 September 2017|access-date=27 January 2022|website=demposportsclub.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503095120/https://www.demposportsclub.com/dempo-sc-lift-maiden-awes-cup-last-minute-thriller/|archive-date=3 May 2023}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1991]] 60x0txnbgpvkrtmybgdzie8802oer34 624677 624676 2026-07-01T17:52:32Z Royalesignature 26633 624677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Oluwawunmi Somide | image = Oluwaunmi Somide.jpg | image_size = 250px | fullname = Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1991|5|16}} | birth_place = [[Abeokuta]], [[Nigeria]] | height = {{height|meters=1.70}} | currentclub = | clubnumber = | position = [[Forward (association football)#Striker|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 2005–2007 | youthclubs1 = [[Pepsi Football Academy]] | youthyears2 = 2007–2008 | youthclubs2 = [[F.C. Ebedei|Ebedei]] | years1 = 2008–2012 | clubs1 = [[FC Olimpia Bălţi]] | caps1 = 74 | goals1 = 34 | years2 = 2013–2014 | clubs2 = [[United Sikkim]] | caps2 = 15 | goals2 = 9 | years3 = 2014 | clubs3 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] | caps3 = 27 | goals3 = 15 | years4 = 2015 | clubs4 = [[Tollygunge Agragami]] | caps4 = 11 | goals4 = 4 | years5 = 2015 | clubs5 = [[Guwahati FC]] (Loan) | caps5 = 7 | goals5 = 5 | years6 = 2016 | clubs6 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] | caps6 = 12 | goals6 = 6 | years7 = 2017 | clubs7 = [[Chennai City]] | caps7 = 0 | goals7 = 0 | years8 = 2017 | clubs8 = [[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]] | caps8 = 14 | goals8 = 3 | years9 = 2018–2019 | clubs9 = [[Manang Marshyangdi Club]] | caps9 = 17 | goals9 = 8 | years10 = 2019–2020 | clubs10 = [[Machhindra F.C.|Macchindra Club]] | caps10 = 11 | goals10 = 6 | years11 = 2021 | clubs11 = [[Biratnagar City FC|Biratnagar City]] | caps11 = 6 | goals11 = 2 | nationalyears1 = | nationalteam1 = | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = }} [[File:Oluwaunmi Somide.jpg|thumb|Oluwaunmi Somide]] '''Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1991) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú . == Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ == === Nàìjíríà === Somide bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù ní ọdún 2005 pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Pepsi Football Academy ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] . Ní ọdún 2007, ó kó lọ sí Ebedei, níbi tí wọ́n ti ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2008. === Moldova === Ó kúrò ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 2008 lọ sí [[Móldófà|Moldova]], níbi tí ó ti fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn olojo pípẹ́ pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù FC Olimpia Bălţi . Ó kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Moldova National Division ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2008 nígbà tí wọ́n jáwé olúborí nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Sheriff Tiraspol pẹ̀lú àmì 1–0, ó sì gba góólù àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ wọlé nínú ìdíje náà. Ó ṣe ìfarahàn 74, ó sì gba góólù 34 láti ọdún 2008 títí di ọdún 2012 nínú líìgì Moldova National Division 1. === Íńdíà === Ní ọdún 2013, ó kó lọ sí India, níbi tí ó ti fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ìgbà díẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Jwalandeep [[United Sikkim FC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/united-sikkim-aim-to-make-amends|title=United Sikkim aim to make amends|work=All India Football Federation|date=25 March 2014|access-date=17 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417140615/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/united-sikkim-aim-to-make-amends|archive-date=17 April 2025|location=New Delhi}}</ref> Ó ṣe àdéhùn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Durand Cup ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2013 nínú ìṣẹ́gun 3–1 lórí Assam Regiment centre, ó sì gba góólù méjì nínú ìdíje náà. Ní ọdún 2014, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún kan pẹ̀lú Mohammedan SC ní ìpín kejì I-League, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ eré rẹ̀ ní ìṣẹ́gun 2–0 sí United SC . Ní ọdún 2015, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn oṣù mẹ́fà pẹ̀lú Guwahati FC. Ní ọdún 2016, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn oṣù mẹ́rin pẹ̀lú East Bengal ní Calcutta Football League. Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ rẹ̀ jẹ́ pẹ̀lú Peerless SC. Ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣẹ́gun eré náà ní 2–0. Ó tún ran ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ láti gba ife Calcutta football League cup ní ọdún 2015–16. === Nepal === Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja darapo mo ilu Biratnagar fun akoko idasile ti Nepal Super League 2021. O gba ami ayo marun wole ninu ere mefa. ==Àmín ẹyẹ== '''Gokulam Kerala''' *AWES Cup runner-up: 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.demposportsclub.com/dempo-sc-lift-maiden-awes-cup-last-minute-thriller/|title=Dempo SC Lift Maiden AWES Cup In Last Minute Thriller|date=18 September 2017|access-date=27 January 2022|website=demposportsclub.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503095120/https://www.demposportsclub.com/dempo-sc-lift-maiden-awes-cup-last-minute-thriller/|archive-date=3 May 2023}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1991]] nkxna18la3drgteeghk2l6sdabygcnh 624678 624677 2026-07-01T17:58:50Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Íńdíà */ 624678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Oluwawunmi Somide | image = Oluwaunmi Somide.jpg | image_size = 250px | fullname = Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1991|5|16}} | birth_place = [[Abeokuta]], [[Nigeria]] | height = {{height|meters=1.70}} | currentclub = | clubnumber = | position = [[Forward (association football)#Striker|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 2005–2007 | youthclubs1 = [[Pepsi Football Academy]] | youthyears2 = 2007–2008 | youthclubs2 = [[F.C. Ebedei|Ebedei]] | years1 = 2008–2012 | clubs1 = [[FC Olimpia Bălţi]] | caps1 = 74 | goals1 = 34 | years2 = 2013–2014 | clubs2 = [[United Sikkim]] | caps2 = 15 | goals2 = 9 | years3 = 2014 | clubs3 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] | caps3 = 27 | goals3 = 15 | years4 = 2015 | clubs4 = [[Tollygunge Agragami]] | caps4 = 11 | goals4 = 4 | years5 = 2015 | clubs5 = [[Guwahati FC]] (Loan) | caps5 = 7 | goals5 = 5 | years6 = 2016 | clubs6 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] | caps6 = 12 | goals6 = 6 | years7 = 2017 | clubs7 = [[Chennai City]] | caps7 = 0 | goals7 = 0 | years8 = 2017 | clubs8 = [[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]] | caps8 = 14 | goals8 = 3 | years9 = 2018–2019 | clubs9 = [[Manang Marshyangdi Club]] | caps9 = 17 | goals9 = 8 | years10 = 2019–2020 | clubs10 = [[Machhindra F.C.|Macchindra Club]] | caps10 = 11 | goals10 = 6 | years11 = 2021 | clubs11 = [[Biratnagar City FC|Biratnagar City]] | caps11 = 6 | goals11 = 2 | nationalyears1 = | nationalteam1 = | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = }} [[File:Oluwaunmi Somide.jpg|thumb|Oluwaunmi Somide]] '''Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1991) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú . == Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ == === Nàìjíríà === Somide bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù ní ọdún 2005 pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Pepsi Football Academy ní orílẹ̀-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] . Ní ọdún 2007, ó kó lọ sí Ebedei, níbi tí wọ́n ti ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú rẹ̀ títí di ọdún 2008. === Moldova === Ó kúrò ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 2008 lọ sí [[Móldófà|Moldova]], níbi tí ó ti fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn olojo pípẹ́ pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù FC Olimpia Bălţi . Ó kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Moldova National Division ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2008 nígbà tí wọ́n jáwé olúborí nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Sheriff Tiraspol pẹ̀lú àmì 1–0, ó sì gba góólù àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ wọlé nínú ìdíje náà. Ó ṣe ìfarahàn 74, ó sì gba góólù 34 láti ọdún 2008 títí di ọdún 2012 nínú líìgì Moldova National Division 1. === Íńdíà === Ní ọdún 2013, ó kó lọ sí orílè-èdè India, níbi tí ó ti fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ìgbà díẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Jwalandeep [[United Sikkim FC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/united-sikkim-aim-to-make-amends|title=United Sikkim aim to make amends|work=All India Football Federation|date=25 March 2014|access-date=17 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417140615/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/united-sikkim-aim-to-make-amends|archive-date=17 April 2025|location=New Delhi}}</ref> Ó fi ọwọ sì ìwé àdéhùn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje Durand Cup ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2013 nígbà tí wọ́n jáwé olúborí pẹ̀lú àmì 3–1 nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Assam Regiment centre, ó sì gba góólù méjì wọlé nínú ìdíje náà. Ní ọdún 2014, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún kan pẹ̀lú Mohammedan SC ní ìpín kejì I-League, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ nígbà tí wọ́n jáwé olúborí pẹ̀lú àmì 2–0 nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù United SC . Ní ọdún 2015, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn oṣù mẹ́fà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Guwahati FC. Ní ọdún 2016, ó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn oṣù mẹ́rin pẹ̀lú East Bengal ní Calcutta Football League. Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ rẹ̀ jẹ́ pẹ̀lú Peerless SC. Ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣẹ́gun eré náà ní 2–0. Ó tún ran ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ láti gba ife ẹyẹ Calcutta football League cup ní ọdún 2015–16. === Nepal === Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja darapo mo ilu Biratnagar fun akoko idasile ti Nepal Super League 2021. O gba ami ayo marun wole ninu ere mefa. ==Àmín ẹyẹ== '''Gokulam Kerala''' *AWES Cup runner-up: 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.demposportsclub.com/dempo-sc-lift-maiden-awes-cup-last-minute-thriller/|title=Dempo SC Lift Maiden AWES Cup In Last Minute Thriller|date=18 September 2017|access-date=27 January 2022|website=demposportsclub.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503095120/https://www.demposportsclub.com/dempo-sc-lift-maiden-awes-cup-last-minute-thriller/|archive-date=3 May 2023}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1991]] misldmduxeih13qxff8thm65xcd6lmv 624756 624678 2026-07-01T19:21:28Z Adesokan Adekemi 34236 /* Nàìjíríà */ 624756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Oluwawunmi Somide | image = Oluwaunmi Somide.jpg | image_size = 250px | fullname = Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1991|5|16}} | birth_place = [[Abeokuta]], [[Nigeria]] | height = {{height|meters=1.70}} | currentclub = | clubnumber = | position = [[Forward (association football)#Striker|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 2005–2007 | youthclubs1 = [[Pepsi Football Academy]] | youthyears2 = 2007–2008 | youthclubs2 = [[F.C. Ebedei|Ebedei]] | years1 = 2008–2012 | clubs1 = [[FC Olimpia Bălţi]] | caps1 = 74 | goals1 = 34 | years2 = 2013–2014 | clubs2 = [[United Sikkim]] | caps2 = 15 | goals2 = 9 | years3 = 2014 | clubs3 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] | caps3 = 27 | goals3 = 15 | years4 = 2015 | clubs4 = [[Tollygunge Agragami]] | caps4 = 11 | goals4 = 4 | years5 = 2015 | clubs5 = [[Guwahati FC]] (Loan) | caps5 = 7 | goals5 = 5 | years6 = 2016 | clubs6 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] | caps6 = 12 | goals6 = 6 | years7 = 2017 | clubs7 = [[Chennai City]] | caps7 = 0 | goals7 = 0 | years8 = 2017 | clubs8 = [[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]] | caps8 = 14 | goals8 = 3 | years9 = 2018–2019 | clubs9 = [[Manang Marshyangdi Club]] | caps9 = 17 | goals9 = 8 | years10 = 2019–2020 | clubs10 = [[Machhindra F.C.|Macchindra Club]] | caps10 = 11 | goals10 = 6 | years11 = 2021 | clubs11 = [[Biratnagar City FC|Biratnagar City]] | caps11 = 6 | goals11 = 2 | nationalyears1 = | nationalteam1 = | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = }} [[File:Oluwaunmi Somide.jpg|thumb|Oluwaunmi Somide]] '''Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1991) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú . == Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ == === Nàìjíríà === Somide bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ agbábọ̀ọ̀lu pẹlu ẹgbẹ pepsi Football Academy ni ọdún 2005 ni orilẹ-ede [[Nàìjíríà]] . Òlọ sí Ebdei ní ọdún 2007 ni bi ti won ti gba bọọlu pẹlu rẹ ti ti di ọdún 2008. === Moldova === Ó kúrò ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 2008 lọ sí [[Móldófà|Moldova]], níbi tí ó ti fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn olojo pípẹ́ pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù FC Olimpia Bălţi . Ó kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Moldova National Division ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2008. Wọ́n jáwé olúborí nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Sheriff Tiraspol pẹ̀lú àmì (1–0) okan sodo, Ni bi ìdíje náà loti gba góòlù akọkọ rẹ. Ó ṣe ìfarahàn ní ìgbà mẹrinleladorin (74), ó gba góólù mẹtalelọgbọn (34) láàrin ọdún 2008 si ọdún 2012 nínú líìgì Moldova National Division 1. O lọ sí orílè-èdè India, níbi tí ó ti fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ìgbà díẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Jwalandeep [[United Sikkim FC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/united-sikkim-aim-to-make-amends|title=United Sikkim aim to make amends|work=All India Football Federation|date=25 March 2014|access-date=17 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417140615/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/united-sikkim-aim-to-make-amends|archive-date=17 April 2025|location=New Delhi}}</ref> Ó fi ọwọ sì ìwé àdéhùn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje Durand Cup ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2013 nígbà tí wọ́n jáwé olúborí pẹ̀lú àmì mẹta sí odò (3–1) nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Assam Regiment centre, ó sì gba góólù méjì wọlé nínú ìdíje náà. Ní ọdún 2014, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún kan pẹ̀lú Mohammedan SC ní ìpín kejì I-League, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ nígbà tí wọ́n jáwé olúborí pẹ̀lú àmì meji sí odò 2–0 nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù United SC . Ní ọdún 2015, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn oṣù mẹ́fà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Guwahati FC. Ní ọdún 2016, ó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn oṣù mẹ́rin pẹ̀lú East Bengal ní Calcutta Football League. Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ rẹ̀ jẹ́ pẹ̀lú Peerless SC. Ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣẹ́gun eré náà ní 2–0. Ó tún ran ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ láti gba ife ẹyẹ Calcutta football League cup ní ọdún 2015–16. === Nepal === Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja darapo mo ilu Biratnagar fun akoko idasile ti Nepal Super League 2021. O gba ami ayo marun wole ninu ere mefa. ==Àmín ẹyẹ== '''Gokulam Kerala''' *AWES Cup runner-up: 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.demposportsclub.com/dempo-sc-lift-maiden-awes-cup-last-minute-thriller/|title=Dempo SC Lift Maiden AWES Cup In Last Minute Thriller|date=18 September 2017|access-date=27 January 2022|website=demposportsclub.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503095120/https://www.demposportsclub.com/dempo-sc-lift-maiden-awes-cup-last-minute-thriller/|archive-date=3 May 2023}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1991]] 6qf8f022hl4twe7dj172aon86zwvla0 624818 624756 2026-07-01T21:11:23Z Saidelo 33975 /* */ 624818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Oluwawunmi Somide | image = Oluwaunmi Somide.jpg | image_size = 250px | fullname = Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1991|5|16}} | birth_place = [[Abeokuta]], [[Nigeria]] | height = {{height|meters=1.70}} | currentclub = | clubnumber = | position = [[Forward (association football)#Striker|Striker]] | youthyears1 = 2005–2007 | youthclubs1 = [[Pepsi Football Academy]] | youthyears2 = 2007–2008 | youthclubs2 = [[F.C. Ebedei|Ebedei]] | years1 = 2008–2012 | clubs1 = [[FC Olimpia Bălţi]] | caps1 = 74 | goals1 = 34 | years2 = 2013–2014 | clubs2 = [[United Sikkim]] | caps2 = 15 | goals2 = 9 | years3 = 2014 | clubs3 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] | caps3 = 27 | goals3 = 15 | years4 = 2015 | clubs4 = [[Tollygunge Agragami]] | caps4 = 11 | goals4 = 4 | years5 = 2015 | clubs5 = [[Guwahati FC]] (Loan) | caps5 = 7 | goals5 = 5 | years6 = 2016 | clubs6 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] | caps6 = 12 | goals6 = 6 | years7 = 2017 | clubs7 = [[Chennai City]] | caps7 = 0 | goals7 = 0 | years8 = 2017 | clubs8 = [[Gokulam Kerala F.C.|Gokulam Kerala]] | caps8 = 14 | goals8 = 3 | years9 = 2018–2019 | clubs9 = [[Manang Marshyangdi Club]] | caps9 = 17 | goals9 = 8 | years10 = 2019–2020 | clubs10 = [[Machhindra F.C.|Macchindra Club]] | caps10 = 11 | goals10 = 6 | years11 = 2021 | clubs11 = [[Biratnagar City FC|Biratnagar City]] | caps11 = 6 | goals11 = 2 | nationalyears1 = | nationalteam1 = | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = }} [[File:Oluwaunmi Somide.jpg|thumb|Oluwaunmi Somide]] '''Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1991) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú . == Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ == === Nàìjíríà === Somide bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lu pẹlu ẹgbẹ́ pepsi Football Academy ni ọdún 2005 ni orílẹ-èdè [[Nàìjíríà]] . Òlọ sí Ebdei ní ọdún 2007 ni bi ti won ti gba bọ́ọ̀lu === Moldova === Ó kúrò ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ ní ọdún 2008 lọ sí [[Móldófà|Moldova]], níbi tí ó ti fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn olojo pípẹ́ pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù FC Olimpia Bălţi . Ó kọ́kọ́ bẹ̀rẹ̀ gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Moldova National Division ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2008. Wọ́n jáwé olúborí nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Sheriff Tiraspol pẹ̀lú àmì (1–0) okan sodo, Ni bi ìdíje náà loti gba góòlù àkọkọ rẹ. Ó ṣe ìfarahàn ní ìgbà mẹrinleladorin (74), ó gba góólù mẹtalelọgbọn (34) láàrin ọdún 2008 si ọdún 2012 nínú líìgì Moldova National Division 1. O lọ sí orílè-èdè India, níbi tí ó ti fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ìgbà díẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Jwalandeep [[United Sikkim FC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/united-sikkim-aim-to-make-amends|title=United Sikkim aim to make amends|work=All India Football Federation|date=25 March 2014|access-date=17 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417140615/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/united-sikkim-aim-to-make-amends|archive-date=17 April 2025|location=New Delhi}}</ref> Ó fi ọwọ sì ìwé àdéhùn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ìdíje Durand Cup ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2013 nígbà tí wọ́n jáwé olúborí pẹ̀lú àmì mẹta sí odò (3–1) nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Assam Regiment centre, ó sì gba góólù méjì wọlé nínú ìdíje náà. Ní ọdún 2014, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún kan pẹ̀lú Mohammedan SC ní ìpín kejì I-League, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ nígbà tí wọ́n jáwé olúborí pẹ̀lú àmì meji sí odò 2–0 nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù United SC . Ní ọdún 2015, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn oṣù mẹ́fà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Guwahati FC. Ní ọdún 2016, ó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn oṣù mẹ́rin pẹ̀lú East Bengal ní Calcutta Football League. Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ rẹ̀ jẹ́ pẹ̀lú Peerless SC. Ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ ṣẹ́gun eré náà ní 2–0. Ó tún ran ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ láti gba ife ẹyẹ Calcutta football League cup ní ọdún 2015–16. === Nepal === Oluwawunmi Somide Adelaja darapọ̀ mọ ilu Biratnagar fun akoko idasile ti Nepal Super League 2021. O gba àmì ayo márùn wọlé ninu ere mẹfa. ==Àmín ẹyẹ== '''Gokulam Kerala''' *AWES Cup runner-up: 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.demposportsclub.com/dempo-sc-lift-maiden-awes-cup-last-minute-thriller/|title=Dempo SC Lift Maiden AWES Cup In Last Minute Thriller|date=18 September 2017|access-date=27 January 2022|website=demposportsclub.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503095120/https://www.demposportsclub.com/dempo-sc-lift-maiden-awes-cup-last-minute-thriller/|archive-date=3 May 2023}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1991]] j9id8l8j32s6tmm9zumpcuptkr7isc9 0 80780 624757 2026-07-01T19:34:12Z Royalesignature 26633 O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330328889|Andy Salako]]" 624757 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Andrew Salako''' jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ọmọ orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà tíó kópa nínú ìdíje League orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù lọ́wọ́ ẹyin. O jé ẹ̀gbọ́n agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún orílẹ̀èdè England tí a mọ̀ sí John Salako == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1972]] m07bay75lnb2wffdqjhof0mphag3jbf 624758 624757 2026-07-01T19:35:11Z Royalesignature 26633 624758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Andy Salako | image = | caption = | fullname = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1972|11|8|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Lagos]], Nigeria | height = | position = [[Defender (association football)|Right back]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = | years1 = 1990–1992 | clubs1 = [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]] | caps1 = 1 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 1992–1993 | clubs2 = [[Welling United F.C.|Welling United]] | caps2 = 20 | goals2 = 1 | years3 = 1994–1995 | clubs3 = [[Bromley F.C.|Bromley]] | caps3 = ? | goals3 = ? | years4 = 1995–1997 | clubs4 = [[Carshalton Athletic F.C.|Carshalton Athletic]] | caps4 = ? | goals4 = ? | years5 = 1997–1999 | clubs5 = [[Sutton United F.C.|Sutton United]] | caps5 = ? | goals5 = ? | years6 = 1999–2000 | clubs6 = [[Carshalton Athletic F.C.|Carshalton Athletic]] | caps6 = ? | goals6 = ? | years7 = 2000 | clubs7 = [[Sutton United F.C.|Sutton United]] | caps7 = 6 | goals7 = 0 | years8 = 2000–2001 | clubs8 = [[Carshalton Athletic F.C.|Carshalton Athletic]] | caps8 = ? | goals8 = ? | years9 = 2001 | clubs9 = [[Sutton United F.C.|Sutton United]] | caps9 = 3 | goals9 = 2 | years10 = 2001–2002 | clubs10 = [[Croydon F.C.|Croydon]] | caps10 = ? | goals10 = ? | years11 = 2002 | clubs11 = [[Bishop's Stortford F.C.|Bishop's Stortford]] | caps11 = ? | goals11 = ? | years12 = 2002–2003 | clubs12 = [[Horsham F.C.|Horsham]] | caps12 = ? | goals12 = ? | totalcaps = | totalgoals = }} '''Andrew Salako''' jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ọmọ orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà tíó kópa nínú ìdíje League orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù lọ́wọ́ ẹyin. O jé ẹ̀gbọ́n agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún orílẹ̀èdè England tí a mọ̀ sí John Salako == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1972]] httq5x7yrrw8ku41t1j9pp3fm0vrpa5 624760 624758 2026-07-01T19:37:45Z Royalesignature 26633 624760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Andy Salako | image = | caption = | fullname = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1972|11|8|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Lagos]], Nigeria | height = | position = [[Defender (association football)|Right back]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = | years1 = 1990–1992 | clubs1 = [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]] | caps1 = 1 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 1992–1993 | clubs2 = [[Welling United F.C.|Welling United]] | caps2 = 20 | goals2 = 1 | years3 = 1994–1995 | clubs3 = [[Bromley F.C.|Bromley]] | caps3 = ? | goals3 = ? | years4 = 1995–1997 | clubs4 = [[Carshalton Athletic F.C.|Carshalton Athletic]] | caps4 = ? | goals4 = ? | years5 = 1997–1999 | clubs5 = [[Sutton United F.C.|Sutton United]] | caps5 = ? | goals5 = ? | years6 = 1999–2000 | clubs6 = [[Carshalton Athletic F.C.|Carshalton Athletic]] | caps6 = ? | goals6 = ? | years7 = 2000 | clubs7 = [[Sutton United F.C.|Sutton United]] | caps7 = 6 | goals7 = 0 | years8 = 2000–2001 | clubs8 = [[Carshalton Athletic F.C.|Carshalton Athletic]] | caps8 = ? | goals8 = ? | years9 = 2001 | clubs9 = [[Sutton United F.C.|Sutton United]] | caps9 = 3 | goals9 = 2 | years10 = 2001–2002 | clubs10 = [[Croydon F.C.|Croydon]] | caps10 = ? | goals10 = ? | years11 = 2002 | clubs11 = [[Bishop's Stortford F.C.|Bishop's Stortford]] | caps11 = ? | goals11 = ? | years12 = 2002–2003 | clubs12 = [[Horsham F.C.|Horsham]] | caps12 = ? | goals12 = ? | totalcaps = | totalgoals = }} '''Andrew Salako''' jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ọmọ orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà tíó kópa nínú ìdíje League orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù lọ́wọ́ ẹyin. O jé ẹ̀gbọ́n agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún orílẹ̀èdè England tí a mọ̀ sí [[John Salako]].<ref>{{soccerbase|16803}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1972]] jq9jtncnc5jgog0q7u7dfvq12nqo41u 0 80781 624763 2026-07-01T19:52:55Z Royalesignature 26633 O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344579228|John Salako]]" 624763 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''John Akin Salako''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kejì ọdún 1969) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]], olùkọ́ni, àti onímọ̀ nípa eré ìdárayá ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tẹ́lẹ̀. A bí Salako ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó sì gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti ẹgbẹ́ tàbí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láàárín gbùngbùn láàrin ọdún 1986 sí ọdún 2005. Ó kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì Premier League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bolton Wanderers àti ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic, àti nínú Football League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Swansea City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford . Salako kópa láti sójú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè England àgbà, ó sì gba ìfẹ́ - ẹyẹ márùn-ún, ní ọdún 1991 nígbà tí ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace. Ní ọdún 2005, wọ́n dìbò fún Salako gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún XI ti Palace. == Iṣẹ́ eré ṣíṣe == Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó yára tó sì ní èrò tó jinlẹ̀, Salako bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace ní àárín ọdún 1980, ó sì jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá òsì wọn nígbà tí wọ́n gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje First Division ní ọdún 1989. Ó tún wà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà nínú ìdíje FA Cup ọdún 1990, ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ tó ga jùlọ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gbà góólù 3-3 pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Manchester United kí wọ́n tó pàdánù àtún 1-0. Ní ọdún kan lẹ́yìn náà, Salako ran Palace lọ́wọ́ láti dé ipò kẹta tó ga jùlọ ní ìdíje gíga ní àsìkò 1990-91, ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ méjì fún Eagles nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Manchester United nílé ní 3-0. Sibẹsibẹ, ipalara orúnkún líle kan tí ó ní nígbà tí wọ́n gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú Leeds United yọ ọ́ kúrò nínú ìdíje náà títí di àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e, nígbà tí Palace jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ olùdásílẹ̀ FA Premier League . Wọ́n parí ìdíje náà, pẹ̀lú Salako tí wọ́n máa ń gbé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú láàárín pẹ̀lú Chris Armstrong lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti tà Ian Wright àti Mark Bright . Salako ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti padà sí ipò gíga, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún padà sí ipò kejì ní àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n dé ìpele ìparí àwọn ife méjèèjì. Salako fi Palace sílẹ̀ ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 1995, ó sì fọwọ́ sí Coventry City . Ó lo àkókò mẹ́ta ní Coventry, títí kan ìgbà díẹ̀ tí ó fi yá ní Bolton Wanderers, kí ó tó fọwọ́ sí Fulham ní Division Kejì. Ní Fulham, ó gba bọ́ọ̀lù ní ìgbà méjì, lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní liigi pẹ̀lú Macclesfield, àti lẹ́ẹ̀kan síi ní League Cup pẹ̀lú Cardiff City. Lẹ́yìn Fulham, ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún Charlton Athletic àti Reading, kí ó tó parí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ní Brentford . <ref name="Soccerbase" /> == Iṣẹ́ olùkọ́ni == Ó ti ṣe olùkọ́ni fún ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún ní Crystal Palace tẹ́lẹ̀ láàárín ọdún 2009 sí 2015, ó sì ti ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Mark Bright, ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2015, wọ́n kéde rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ni ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ Crystal Palace, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi ibẹ̀ sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn àkókò kan ṣoṣo. == Iṣẹ́ ìròyìn lórí ayélujára == Salako ti ṣiṣẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀ròyìn ọjọ́ ìdíje lórí Sky Sports . == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Nígbà tí ó wà ní ọ̀dọ́langba, ó ń gbé ní Westerham, Kent, ó sì jẹ́ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ The Wildernesse ní Sevenoaks . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2019)">àlàyé tó yẹ</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Arákùnrin rẹ̀ Andy Salako náà jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó jẹ́ ògbóǹkangí. [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1969]] 8bilcdu2gh1794ml9u2vo8zi194zy1e 624766 624763 2026-07-01T19:57:45Z Royalesignature 26633 624766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = John Salako | image = | full_name = John Akin Salako<ref>{{Worldfootball.net|john-salako|new_id=pe60461}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1969|2|11}} | birth_place = [[Ibadan]], Nigeria | height = 1.75 m<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salako, John Akin Salako - Footballer {{!}} BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j93977.html |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=www.bdfutbol.com}}</ref> | position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]], [[attacking midfielder]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Westerham Reds | youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = Westerham | youthyears3 = | youthclubs3 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] | years1 = 1986–1995 | clubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] | caps1 = 215 | goals1 = 22 | years2 = 1989 | clubs2 = → [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] (loan) | caps2 = 13 | goals2 = 3 | years3 = 1995–1998 | clubs3 = [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]] | caps3 = 72 | goals3 = 4 | years4 = 1998 | clubs4 = → [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 7 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 1998–1999 | clubs5 = [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] | caps5 = 10 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 1999–2001 | clubs6 = [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]] | caps6 = 47 | goals6 = 2 | years7 = 2001–2004 | clubs7 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]] | caps7 = 111 | goals7 = 13 | years8 = 2004–2005 | clubs8 = [[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 4 | totalcaps = 510 | totalgoals = 49 | nationalyears1 = 1991 | nationalteam1 = [[England national football team|England]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | manageryears1 = 2009–2015 | managerclubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] (U16s) | manageryears2 = 2015–2016 | managerclubs2 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] (first team coach) }} '''John Akin Salako''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kejì ọdún 1969) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]], olùkọ́ni, àti onímọ̀ nípa eré ìdárayá ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tẹ́lẹ̀. A bí Salako ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó sì gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti ẹgbẹ́ tàbí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láàárín gbùngbùn láàrin ọdún 1986 sí ọdún 2005. Ó kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì Premier League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bolton Wanderers àti ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic, àti nínú Football League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Swansea City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford . Salako kópa láti sójú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè England àgbà, ó sì gba ìfẹ́ - ẹyẹ márùn-ún, ní ọdún 1991 nígbà tí ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace. Ní ọdún 2005, wọ́n dìbò fún Salako gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún XI ti Palace. == Iṣẹ́ eré ṣíṣe == Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó yára tó sì ní èrò tó jinlẹ̀, Salako bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace ní àárín ọdún 1980, ó sì jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá òsì wọn nígbà tí wọ́n gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje First Division ní ọdún 1989. Ó tún wà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà nínú ìdíje FA Cup ọdún 1990, ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ tó ga jùlọ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gbà góólù 3-3 pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Manchester United kí wọ́n tó pàdánù àtún 1-0. Ní ọdún kan lẹ́yìn náà, Salako ran Palace lọ́wọ́ láti dé ipò kẹta tó ga jùlọ ní ìdíje gíga ní àsìkò 1990-91, ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ méjì fún Eagles nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Manchester United nílé ní 3-0. Sibẹsibẹ, ipalara orúnkún líle kan tí ó ní nígbà tí wọ́n gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú Leeds United yọ ọ́ kúrò nínú ìdíje náà títí di àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e, nígbà tí Palace jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ olùdásílẹ̀ FA Premier League . Wọ́n parí ìdíje náà, pẹ̀lú Salako tí wọ́n máa ń gbé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú láàárín pẹ̀lú Chris Armstrong lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti tà Ian Wright àti Mark Bright . Salako ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti padà sí ipò gíga, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún padà sí ipò kejì ní àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n dé ìpele ìparí àwọn ife méjèèjì. Salako fi Palace sílẹ̀ ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 1995, ó sì fọwọ́ sí Coventry City . Ó lo àkókò mẹ́ta ní Coventry, títí kan ìgbà díẹ̀ tí ó fi yá ní Bolton Wanderers, kí ó tó fọwọ́ sí Fulham ní Division Kejì. Ní Fulham, ó gba bọ́ọ̀lù ní ìgbà méjì, lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní liigi pẹ̀lú Macclesfield, àti lẹ́ẹ̀kan síi ní League Cup pẹ̀lú Cardiff City. Lẹ́yìn Fulham, ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún Charlton Athletic àti Reading, kí ó tó parí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ní Brentford . <ref name="Soccerbase" /> == Iṣẹ́ olùkọ́ni == Ó ti ṣe olùkọ́ni fún ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún ní Crystal Palace tẹ́lẹ̀ láàárín ọdún 2009 sí 2015, ó sì ti ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Mark Bright, ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2015, wọ́n kéde rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ni ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ Crystal Palace, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi ibẹ̀ sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn àkókò kan ṣoṣo. == Iṣẹ́ ìròyìn lórí ayélujára == Salako ti ṣiṣẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀ròyìn ọjọ́ ìdíje lórí Sky Sports . == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Nígbà tí ó wà ní ọ̀dọ́langba, ó ń gbé ní Westerham, Kent, ó sì jẹ́ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ The Wildernesse ní Sevenoaks . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2019)">àlàyé tó yẹ</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Arákùnrin rẹ̀ Andy Salako náà jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó jẹ́ ògbóǹkangí. [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1969]] p2n020ypdgh4v2hh03hgzbvggbo3yyy 624768 624766 2026-07-01T20:01:17Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni */ 624768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = John Salako | image = | full_name = John Akin Salako<ref>{{Worldfootball.net|john-salako|new_id=pe60461}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1969|2|11}} | birth_place = [[Ibadan]], Nigeria | height = 1.75 m<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salako, John Akin Salako - Footballer {{!}} BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j93977.html |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=www.bdfutbol.com}}</ref> | position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]], [[attacking midfielder]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Westerham Reds | youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = Westerham | youthyears3 = | youthclubs3 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] | years1 = 1986–1995 | clubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] | caps1 = 215 | goals1 = 22 | years2 = 1989 | clubs2 = → [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] (loan) | caps2 = 13 | goals2 = 3 | years3 = 1995–1998 | clubs3 = [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]] | caps3 = 72 | goals3 = 4 | years4 = 1998 | clubs4 = → [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 7 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 1998–1999 | clubs5 = [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] | caps5 = 10 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 1999–2001 | clubs6 = [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]] | caps6 = 47 | goals6 = 2 | years7 = 2001–2004 | clubs7 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]] | caps7 = 111 | goals7 = 13 | years8 = 2004–2005 | clubs8 = [[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 4 | totalcaps = 510 | totalgoals = 49 | nationalyears1 = 1991 | nationalteam1 = [[England national football team|England]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | manageryears1 = 2009–2015 | managerclubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] (U16s) | manageryears2 = 2015–2016 | managerclubs2 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] (first team coach) }} '''John Akin Salako''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kejì ọdún 1969) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]], olùkọ́ni, àti onímọ̀ nípa eré ìdárayá ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tẹ́lẹ̀. A bí Salako ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó sì gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti ẹgbẹ́ tàbí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láàárín gbùngbùn láàrin ọdún 1986 sí ọdún 2005. Ó kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì Premier League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bolton Wanderers àti ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic, àti nínú Football League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Swansea City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford . Salako kópa láti sójú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè England àgbà, ó sì gba ìfẹ́ - ẹyẹ márùn-ún, ní ọdún 1991 nígbà tí ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace. Ní ọdún 2005, wọ́n dìbò fún Salako gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún XI ti Palace. == Iṣẹ́ eré ṣíṣe == Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó yára tó sì ní èrò tó jinlẹ̀, Salako bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace ní àárín ọdún 1980, ó sì jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá òsì wọn nígbà tí wọ́n gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje First Division ní ọdún 1989. Ó tún wà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà nínú ìdíje FA Cup ọdún 1990, ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ tó ga jùlọ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gbà góólù 3-3 pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Manchester United kí wọ́n tó pàdánù àtún 1-0. Ní ọdún kan lẹ́yìn náà, Salako ran Palace lọ́wọ́ láti dé ipò kẹta tó ga jùlọ ní ìdíje gíga ní àsìkò 1990-91, ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ méjì fún Eagles nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Manchester United nílé ní 3-0. Sibẹsibẹ, ipalara orúnkún líle kan tí ó ní nígbà tí wọ́n gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú Leeds United yọ ọ́ kúrò nínú ìdíje náà títí di àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e, nígbà tí Palace jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ olùdásílẹ̀ FA Premier League . Wọ́n parí ìdíje náà, pẹ̀lú Salako tí wọ́n máa ń gbé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú láàárín pẹ̀lú Chris Armstrong lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti tà Ian Wright àti Mark Bright . Salako ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti padà sí ipò gíga, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún padà sí ipò kejì ní àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n dé ìpele ìparí àwọn ife méjèèjì. Salako fi Palace sílẹ̀ ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 1995, ó sì fọwọ́ sí Coventry City . Ó lo àkókò mẹ́ta ní Coventry, títí kan ìgbà díẹ̀ tí ó fi yá ní Bolton Wanderers, kí ó tó fọwọ́ sí Fulham ní Division Kejì. Ní Fulham, ó gba bọ́ọ̀lù ní ìgbà méjì, lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní liigi pẹ̀lú Macclesfield, àti lẹ́ẹ̀kan síi ní League Cup pẹ̀lú Cardiff City. Lẹ́yìn Fulham, ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún Charlton Athletic àti Reading, kí ó tó parí iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ní Brentford . <ref name="Soccerbase" /> == Iṣẹ́ olùkọ́ni == Ó ti ṣe olùkọ́ni fún ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún ní Crystal Palace tẹ́lẹ̀ láàárín ọdún 2009 sí 2015, ó sì ti ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Mark Bright, ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2015, wọ́n kéde rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ni ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ Crystal Palace, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi ibẹ̀ sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn àkókò kan ṣoṣo. == Iṣẹ́ ìròyìn lórí ayélujára == Salako ti ṣiṣẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀ròyìn ọjọ́ ìdíje lórí Sky Sports . == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Nígbà tí ó wà ní ọ̀dọ́langba, ó ń gbé ní Westerham, Kent, ó sì jẹ́ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ The Wildernesse ní Sevenoaks. Arákùnrin rẹ̀ Andy Salako náà jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó jẹ́ ògbóǹkangí. == Àwọnàmì-ẹ̀yẹ== === Gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù=== '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace''' * [[Football League First Division]]: [[1993–94 Crystal Palace F.C. season|1993–94]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.11v11.com/players/john-salako-2330/|title=John Salako|website=11v11.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |url=http://fchd.info/CRYSTALP.HTM |title=Football Club History Database – Crystal Palace |website=fchd.info |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> * [[Football League Second Division play-offs]]: [[1989 Football League Second Division play-off final|1989]]<ref name="FCHD" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.holmesdale.net/page.php?id=111&player=576|title=John Salako|last=www.holmesdale.net|first=Holmesdale Online|website=Holmesdale Online|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> *[[Full Members' Cup]]: [[1990–91 Full Members' Cup|1990–91]] '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham''' * [[Football League Second Division]]: [[1998–99 Fulham F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=128|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1998/1999 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/FULHAM.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Fulham|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic''' * Football League First Division: [[1999–2000 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=129|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1999/2000 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/CHARLTOA.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Charlton Athletic|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading''' * Football League Second Division runner-up: [[2001–02 Reading F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=131|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 2001/2002 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/READING.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Reading|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Aládàáni''' * [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace Young Player of the Year]]: 1986–87, 1987–88<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cpfc.co.uk/news/2016/may/young-player-of-the-year-a-history/|title=Crystal Palace FC Young Player of the Year: A History|access-date=14 February 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref> [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1969]] c9g62e6hdgz74q1tje90q406z7r31jx 624774 624768 2026-07-01T20:07:22Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Iṣẹ́ eré ṣíṣe */ 624774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = John Salako | image = | full_name = John Akin Salako<ref>{{Worldfootball.net|john-salako|new_id=pe60461}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1969|2|11}} | birth_place = [[Ibadan]], Nigeria | height = 1.75 m<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salako, John Akin Salako - Footballer {{!}} BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j93977.html |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=www.bdfutbol.com}}</ref> | position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]], [[attacking midfielder]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Westerham Reds | youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = Westerham | youthyears3 = | youthclubs3 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] | years1 = 1986–1995 | clubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] | caps1 = 215 | goals1 = 22 | years2 = 1989 | clubs2 = → [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] (loan) | caps2 = 13 | goals2 = 3 | years3 = 1995–1998 | clubs3 = [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]] | caps3 = 72 | goals3 = 4 | years4 = 1998 | clubs4 = → [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 7 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 1998–1999 | clubs5 = [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] | caps5 = 10 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 1999–2001 | clubs6 = [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]] | caps6 = 47 | goals6 = 2 | years7 = 2001–2004 | clubs7 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]] | caps7 = 111 | goals7 = 13 | years8 = 2004–2005 | clubs8 = [[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 4 | totalcaps = 510 | totalgoals = 49 | nationalyears1 = 1991 | nationalteam1 = [[England national football team|England]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | manageryears1 = 2009–2015 | managerclubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] (U16s) | manageryears2 = 2015–2016 | managerclubs2 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] (first team coach) }} '''John Akin Salako''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kejì ọdún 1969) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]], olùkọ́ni, àti onímọ̀ nípa eré ìdárayá ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tẹ́lẹ̀. A bí Salako ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó sì gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti ẹgbẹ́ tàbí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láàárín gbùngbùn láàrin ọdún 1986 sí ọdún 2005. Ó kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì Premier League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bolton Wanderers àti ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic, àti nínú Football League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Swansea City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford . Salako kópa láti sójú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè England àgbà, ó sì gba ìfẹ́ - ẹyẹ márùn-ún, ní ọdún 1991 nígbà tí ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace. Ní ọdún 2005, wọ́n dìbò fún Salako gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún XI ti Palace. == Iṣẹ́ eré ṣíṣe == Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó yára tó sì ní èrò tó jinlẹ̀, Salako bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace ní àárín ọdún 1980, ó sì jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá òsì wọn nígbà tí wọ́n gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje First Division ní ọdún 1989. Ó tún wà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà nínú ìdíje FA Cup ọdún 1990, ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ tó ga jùlọ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gbà góólù 3-3 pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Manchester United kí wọ́n tó pàdánù àtún 1-0. Ní ọdún kan lẹ́yìn náà, Salako ran Palace lọ́wọ́ láti dé ipò kẹta tó ga jùlọ ní ìdíje gíga ní àsìkò 1990-91, ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ méjì fún Eagles nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Manchester United nílé ní 3-0. Sibẹsibẹ, ipalara orúnkún líle kan tí ó ní nígbà tí wọ́n gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú Leeds United yọ ọ́ kúrò nínú ìdíje náà títí di àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e, nígbà tí Palace jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ olùdásílẹ̀ FA Premier League . Wọ́n parí ìdíje náà, pẹ̀lú Salako tí wọ́n máa ń gbé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú láàárín pẹ̀lú Chris Armstrong lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti tà Ian Wright àti Mark Bright . Salako ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti padà sí ipò gíga, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún padà sí ipò kejì ní àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n dé ìpele ìparí àwọn ife méjèèjì. Salako fi Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Palace sílẹ̀ ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 1995, ó sì fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City . Ó lo ṣáá mẹ́ta pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry, títí kan ìgbà díẹ̀ tí ó fi darapo mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí Bolton Wanderers, kí ó tó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ Fulham nínú ìdíje Division Kejì. Nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ó gba bọ́ọ̀lù ní ìgbà méjì, lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní liigi pẹ̀lú Macclesfield, àti lẹ́ẹ̀kan nínú League Cup nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Cardiff City. Lẹ́yìn Fulham, ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic àti Reading, kí ó tó fẹ̀yìntì gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford. == Iṣẹ́ olùkọ́ni == Ó ti ṣe olùkọ́ni fún ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún ní Crystal Palace tẹ́lẹ̀ láàárín ọdún 2009 sí 2015, ó sì ti ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Mark Bright, ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2015, wọ́n kéde rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ni ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ Crystal Palace, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi ibẹ̀ sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn àkókò kan ṣoṣo. == Iṣẹ́ ìròyìn lórí ayélujára == Salako ti ṣiṣẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀ròyìn ọjọ́ ìdíje lórí Sky Sports . == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Nígbà tí ó wà ní ọ̀dọ́langba, ó ń gbé ní Westerham, Kent, ó sì jẹ́ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ The Wildernesse ní Sevenoaks. Arákùnrin rẹ̀ Andy Salako náà jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó jẹ́ ògbóǹkangí. == Àwọnàmì-ẹ̀yẹ== === Gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù=== '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace''' * [[Football League First Division]]: [[1993–94 Crystal Palace F.C. season|1993–94]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.11v11.com/players/john-salako-2330/|title=John Salako|website=11v11.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |url=http://fchd.info/CRYSTALP.HTM |title=Football Club History Database – Crystal Palace |website=fchd.info |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> * [[Football League Second Division play-offs]]: [[1989 Football League Second Division play-off final|1989]]<ref name="FCHD" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.holmesdale.net/page.php?id=111&player=576|title=John Salako|last=www.holmesdale.net|first=Holmesdale Online|website=Holmesdale Online|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> *[[Full Members' Cup]]: [[1990–91 Full Members' Cup|1990–91]] '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham''' * [[Football League Second Division]]: [[1998–99 Fulham F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=128|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1998/1999 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/FULHAM.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Fulham|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic''' * Football League First Division: [[1999–2000 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=129|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1999/2000 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/CHARLTOA.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Charlton Athletic|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading''' * Football League Second Division runner-up: [[2001–02 Reading F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=131|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 2001/2002 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/READING.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Reading|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Aládàáni''' * [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace Young Player of the Year]]: 1986–87, 1987–88<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cpfc.co.uk/news/2016/may/young-player-of-the-year-a-history/|title=Crystal Palace FC Young Player of the Year: A History|access-date=14 February 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref> [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1969]] 0l5n7lh85ek6ozsijtatzs9vbez0tnk 624776 624774 2026-07-01T20:09:50Z Adesokan Adekemi 34236 /* itan igbesiaye Salako*/ 624776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = John Salako | image = | full_name = John Akin Salako<ref>{{Worldfootball.net|john-salako|new_id=pe60461}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1969|2|11}} | birth_place = [[Ibadan]], Nigeria | height = 1.75 m<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salako, John Akin Salako - Footballer {{!}} BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j93977.html |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=www.bdfutbol.com}}</ref> | position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]], [[attacking midfielder]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Westerham Reds | youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = Westerham | youthyears3 = | youthclubs3 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] | years1 = 1986–1995 | clubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] | caps1 = 215 | goals1 = 22 | years2 = 1989 | clubs2 = → [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] (loan) | caps2 = 13 | goals2 = 3 | years3 = 1995–1998 | clubs3 = [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]] | caps3 = 72 | goals3 = 4 | years4 = 1998 | clubs4 = → [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 7 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 1998–1999 | clubs5 = [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] | caps5 = 10 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 1999–2001 | clubs6 = [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]] | caps6 = 47 | goals6 = 2 | years7 = 2001–2004 | clubs7 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]] | caps7 = 111 | goals7 = 13 | years8 = 2004–2005 | clubs8 = [[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 4 | totalcaps = 510 | totalgoals = 49 | nationalyears1 = 1991 | nationalteam1 = [[England national football team|England]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | manageryears1 = 2009–2015 | managerclubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] (U16s) | manageryears2 = 2015–2016 | managerclubs2 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] (first team coach) }} '''John Akin Salako''' Ni ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kejì ọdún 1969 ni à bii.O jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]], olùkọ́ni, àti onímọ̀ nípa eré ìdárayá ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tẹ́lẹ̀ri. A bí Salako ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó jẹ agbabọ́ọ̀lù ẹgbẹ tàbí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láàárín gbùngbùn, láàrin ọdún 1986 sí ọdún 2005. Ó kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì Premier League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bolton Wanderers àti ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic, nínú Football League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Swansea City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford . Salako kópa láti sójú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè England àgbà, ó sì gba ìfẹ́ - ẹyẹ márùn-ún, ní ọdún 1991 nígbà tí ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace. Ní ọdún 2005, wọ́n dìbò fún Salako gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún XI ti Palace. == Iṣẹ́ eré ṣíṣe == Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó yára tó sì ní èrò tó jinlẹ̀, Salako bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace ní àárín ọdún 1980, ó sì jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá òsì wọn nígbà tí wọ́n gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje First Division ní ọdún 1989. Ó tún wà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà nínú ìdíje FA Cup ọdún 1990, ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ tó ga jùlọ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gbà góólù 3-3 pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Manchester United kí wọ́n tó pàdánù àtún 1-0. Ní ọdún kan lẹ́yìn náà, Salako ran Palace lọ́wọ́ láti dé ipò kẹta tó ga jùlọ ní ìdíje gíga ní àsìkò 1990-91, ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ méjì fún Eagles nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Manchester United nílé ní 3-0. Sibẹsibẹ, ipalara orúnkún líle kan tí ó ní nígbà tí wọ́n gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú Leeds United yọ ọ́ kúrò nínú ìdíje náà títí di àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e, nígbà tí Palace jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ olùdásílẹ̀ FA Premier League . Wọ́n parí ìdíje náà, pẹ̀lú Salako tí wọ́n máa ń gbé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú láàárín pẹ̀lú Chris Armstrong lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti tà Ian Wright àti Mark Bright . Salako ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti padà sí ipò gíga, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún padà sí ipò kejì ní àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n dé ìpele ìparí àwọn ife méjèèjì. Salako fi Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Palace sílẹ̀ ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 1995, ó sì fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City . Ó lo ṣáá mẹ́ta pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry, títí kan ìgbà díẹ̀ tí ó fi darapo mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí Bolton Wanderers, kí ó tó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ Fulham nínú ìdíje Division Kejì. Nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ó gba bọ́ọ̀lù ní ìgbà méjì, lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní liigi pẹ̀lú Macclesfield, àti lẹ́ẹ̀kan nínú League Cup nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Cardiff City. Lẹ́yìn Fulham, ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic àti Reading, kí ó tó fẹ̀yìntì gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford. == Iṣẹ́ olùkọ́ni == Ó ti ṣe olùkọ́ni fún ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún ní Crystal Palace tẹ́lẹ̀ láàárín ọdún 2009 sí 2015, ó sì ti ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Mark Bright, ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2015, wọ́n kéde rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ni ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ Crystal Palace, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi ibẹ̀ sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn àkókò kan ṣoṣo. == Iṣẹ́ ìròyìn lórí ayélujára == Salako ti ṣiṣẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀ròyìn ọjọ́ ìdíje lórí Sky Sports . == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Nígbà tí ó wà ní ọ̀dọ́langba, ó ń gbé ní Westerham, Kent, ó sì jẹ́ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ The Wildernesse ní Sevenoaks. Arákùnrin rẹ̀ Andy Salako náà jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó jẹ́ ògbóǹkangí. == Àwọnàmì-ẹ̀yẹ== === Gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù=== '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace''' * [[Football League First Division]]: [[1993–94 Crystal Palace F.C. season|1993–94]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.11v11.com/players/john-salako-2330/|title=John Salako|website=11v11.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |url=http://fchd.info/CRYSTALP.HTM |title=Football Club History Database – Crystal Palace |website=fchd.info |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> * [[Football League Second Division play-offs]]: [[1989 Football League Second Division play-off final|1989]]<ref name="FCHD" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.holmesdale.net/page.php?id=111&player=576|title=John Salako|last=www.holmesdale.net|first=Holmesdale Online|website=Holmesdale Online|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> *[[Full Members' Cup]]: [[1990–91 Full Members' Cup|1990–91]] '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham''' * [[Football League Second Division]]: [[1998–99 Fulham F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=128|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1998/1999 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/FULHAM.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Fulham|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic''' * Football League First Division: [[1999–2000 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=129|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1999/2000 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/CHARLTOA.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Charlton Athletic|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading''' * Football League Second Division runner-up: [[2001–02 Reading F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=131|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 2001/2002 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/READING.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Reading|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Aládàáni''' * [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace Young Player of the Year]]: 1986–87, 1987–88<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cpfc.co.uk/news/2016/may/young-player-of-the-year-a-history/|title=Crystal Palace FC Young Player of the Year: A History|access-date=14 February 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref> [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1969]] cqohxg0tgrq9h5ibuxurx1rp0bwl18d 624780 624776 2026-07-01T20:15:18Z Royalesignature 26633 624780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = John Salako | image = | full_name = John Akin Salako<ref>{{Worldfootball.net|john-salako|new_id=pe60461}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1969|2|11}} | birth_place = [[Ibadan]], Nigeria | height = 1.75 m<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salako, John Akin Salako - Footballer {{!}} BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j93977.html |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=www.bdfutbol.com}}</ref> | position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]], [[attacking midfielder]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Westerham Reds | youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = Westerham | youthyears3 = | youthclubs3 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] | years1 = 1986–1995 | clubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] | caps1 = 215 | goals1 = 22 | years2 = 1989 | clubs2 = → [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] (loan) | caps2 = 13 | goals2 = 3 | years3 = 1995–1998 | clubs3 = [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]] | caps3 = 72 | goals3 = 4 | years4 = 1998 | clubs4 = → [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 7 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 1998–1999 | clubs5 = [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] | caps5 = 10 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 1999–2001 | clubs6 = [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]] | caps6 = 47 | goals6 = 2 | years7 = 2001–2004 | clubs7 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]] | caps7 = 111 | goals7 = 13 | years8 = 2004–2005 | clubs8 = [[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 4 | totalcaps = 510 | totalgoals = 49 | nationalyears1 = 1991 | nationalteam1 = [[England national football team|England]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | manageryears1 = 2009–2015 | managerclubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] (U16s) | manageryears2 = 2015–2016 | managerclubs2 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] (first team coach) }} '''John Akin Salako''' Ni ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kejì ọdún 1969 ni à bii.O jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]], olùkọ́ni, àti onímọ̀ nípa eré ìdárayá ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tẹ́lẹ̀ri. A bí Salako ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó jẹ agbabọ́ọ̀lù ẹgbẹ tàbí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láàárín gbùngbùn, láàrin ọdún 1986 sí ọdún 2005. Ó kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì Premier League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bolton Wanderers àti ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic, nínú Football League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Swansea City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford . Salako kópa láti sójú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè England àgbà, ó sì gba ìfẹ́ - ẹyẹ márùn-ún, ní ọdún 1991 nígbà tí ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football/crystal-palace-fc/john-salako-7717/league-appearances_a17907/|title=John SALAKO – League appearances. – Crystal Palace FC|publisher=}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2005, wọ́n dìbò fún Salako gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún XI ti Palace. == Iṣẹ́ eré ṣíṣe == Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó yára tó sì ní èrò tó jinlẹ̀, Salako bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace ní àárín ọdún 1980, ó sì jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá òsì wọn nígbà tí wọ́n gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje First Division ní ọdún 1989. Ó tún wà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà nínú ìdíje FA Cup ọdún 1990, ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ tó ga jùlọ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gbà góólù 3-3 pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Manchester United kí wọ́n tó pàdánù àtún 1-0. Ní ọdún kan lẹ́yìn náà, Salako ran Palace lọ́wọ́ láti dé ipò kẹta tó ga jùlọ ní ìdíje gíga ní àsìkò 1990-91, ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ méjì fún Eagles nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Manchester United nílé ní 3-0. Sibẹsibẹ, ipalara orúnkún líle kan tí ó ní nígbà tí wọ́n gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú Leeds United yọ ọ́ kúrò nínú ìdíje náà títí di àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e, nígbà tí Palace jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ olùdásílẹ̀ FA Premier League . Wọ́n parí ìdíje náà, pẹ̀lú Salako tí wọ́n máa ń gbé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú láàárín pẹ̀lú Chris Armstrong lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti tà Ian Wright àti Mark Bright . Salako ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti padà sí ipò gíga, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún padà sí ipò kejì ní àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n dé ìpele ìparí àwọn ife méjèèjì. Salako fi Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Palace sílẹ̀ ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 1995, ó sì fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City . Ó lo ṣáá mẹ́ta pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry, títí kan ìgbà díẹ̀ tí ó fi darapo mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí Bolton Wanderers, kí ó tó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ Fulham nínú ìdíje Division Kejì. Nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ó gba bọ́ọ̀lù ní ìgbà méjì, lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní liigi pẹ̀lú Macclesfield, àti lẹ́ẹ̀kan nínú League Cup nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Cardiff City. Lẹ́yìn Fulham, ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic àti Reading, kí ó tó fẹ̀yìntì gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford. == Iṣẹ́ olùkọ́ni == Ó ti ṣe olùkọ́ni fún ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún ní Crystal Palace tẹ́lẹ̀ láàárín ọdún 2009 sí 2015, ó sì ti ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Mark Bright, ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2015, wọ́n kéde rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ni ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ Crystal Palace, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi ibẹ̀ sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn àkókò kan ṣoṣo. == Iṣẹ́ ìròyìn lórí ayélujára == Salako ti ṣiṣẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀ròyìn ọjọ́ ìdíje lórí Sky Sports . == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Nígbà tí ó wà ní ọ̀dọ́langba, ó ń gbé ní Westerham, Kent, ó sì jẹ́ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ The Wildernesse ní Sevenoaks. Arákùnrin rẹ̀ Andy Salako náà jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó jẹ́ ògbóǹkangí. == Àwọnàmì-ẹ̀yẹ== === Gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù=== '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace''' * [[Football League First Division]]: [[1993–94 Crystal Palace F.C. season|1993–94]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.11v11.com/players/john-salako-2330/|title=John Salako|website=11v11.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |url=http://fchd.info/CRYSTALP.HTM |title=Football Club History Database – Crystal Palace |website=fchd.info |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> * [[Football League Second Division play-offs]]: [[1989 Football League Second Division play-off final|1989]]<ref name="FCHD" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.holmesdale.net/page.php?id=111&player=576|title=John Salako|last=www.holmesdale.net|first=Holmesdale Online|website=Holmesdale Online|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> *[[Full Members' Cup]]: [[1990–91 Full Members' Cup|1990–91]] '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham''' * [[Football League Second Division]]: [[1998–99 Fulham F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=128|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1998/1999 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/FULHAM.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Fulham|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic''' * Football League First Division: [[1999–2000 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=129|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1999/2000 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/CHARLTOA.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Charlton Athletic|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading''' * Football League Second Division runner-up: [[2001–02 Reading F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=131|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 2001/2002 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/READING.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Reading|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Aládàáni''' * [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace Young Player of the Year]]: 1986–87, 1987–88<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cpfc.co.uk/news/2016/may/young-player-of-the-year-a-history/|title=Crystal Palace FC Young Player of the Year: A History|access-date=14 February 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref> [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1969]] ke3qbm2s515d7ah2c51npm9pjqdirhy 624781 624780 2026-07-01T20:16:09Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Àwọnàmì-ẹ̀yẹ */ 624781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = John Salako | image = | full_name = John Akin Salako<ref>{{Worldfootball.net|john-salako|new_id=pe60461}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1969|2|11}} | birth_place = [[Ibadan]], Nigeria | height = 1.75 m<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salako, John Akin Salako - Footballer {{!}} BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j93977.html |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=www.bdfutbol.com}}</ref> | position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]], [[attacking midfielder]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Westerham Reds | youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = Westerham | youthyears3 = | youthclubs3 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] | years1 = 1986–1995 | clubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] | caps1 = 215 | goals1 = 22 | years2 = 1989 | clubs2 = → [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] (loan) | caps2 = 13 | goals2 = 3 | years3 = 1995–1998 | clubs3 = [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]] | caps3 = 72 | goals3 = 4 | years4 = 1998 | clubs4 = → [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 7 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 1998–1999 | clubs5 = [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] | caps5 = 10 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 1999–2001 | clubs6 = [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]] | caps6 = 47 | goals6 = 2 | years7 = 2001–2004 | clubs7 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]] | caps7 = 111 | goals7 = 13 | years8 = 2004–2005 | clubs8 = [[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 4 | totalcaps = 510 | totalgoals = 49 | nationalyears1 = 1991 | nationalteam1 = [[England national football team|England]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | manageryears1 = 2009–2015 | managerclubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] (U16s) | manageryears2 = 2015–2016 | managerclubs2 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] (first team coach) }} '''John Akin Salako''' Ni ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kejì ọdún 1969 ni à bii.O jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]], olùkọ́ni, àti onímọ̀ nípa eré ìdárayá ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tẹ́lẹ̀ri. A bí Salako ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó jẹ agbabọ́ọ̀lù ẹgbẹ tàbí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láàárín gbùngbùn, láàrin ọdún 1986 sí ọdún 2005. Ó kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì Premier League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bolton Wanderers àti ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic, nínú Football League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Swansea City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford . Salako kópa láti sójú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè England àgbà, ó sì gba ìfẹ́ - ẹyẹ márùn-ún, ní ọdún 1991 nígbà tí ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football/crystal-palace-fc/john-salako-7717/league-appearances_a17907/|title=John SALAKO – League appearances. – Crystal Palace FC|publisher=}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2005, wọ́n dìbò fún Salako gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún XI ti Palace. == Iṣẹ́ eré ṣíṣe == Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó yára tó sì ní èrò tó jinlẹ̀, Salako bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace ní àárín ọdún 1980, ó sì jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá òsì wọn nígbà tí wọ́n gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje First Division ní ọdún 1989. Ó tún wà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà nínú ìdíje FA Cup ọdún 1990, ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ tó ga jùlọ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gbà góólù 3-3 pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Manchester United kí wọ́n tó pàdánù àtún 1-0. Ní ọdún kan lẹ́yìn náà, Salako ran Palace lọ́wọ́ láti dé ipò kẹta tó ga jùlọ ní ìdíje gíga ní àsìkò 1990-91, ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ méjì fún Eagles nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Manchester United nílé ní 3-0. Sibẹsibẹ, ipalara orúnkún líle kan tí ó ní nígbà tí wọ́n gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú Leeds United yọ ọ́ kúrò nínú ìdíje náà títí di àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e, nígbà tí Palace jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ olùdásílẹ̀ FA Premier League . Wọ́n parí ìdíje náà, pẹ̀lú Salako tí wọ́n máa ń gbé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú láàárín pẹ̀lú Chris Armstrong lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti tà Ian Wright àti Mark Bright . Salako ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti padà sí ipò gíga, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún padà sí ipò kejì ní àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n dé ìpele ìparí àwọn ife méjèèjì. Salako fi Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Palace sílẹ̀ ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 1995, ó sì fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City . Ó lo ṣáá mẹ́ta pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry, títí kan ìgbà díẹ̀ tí ó fi darapo mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí Bolton Wanderers, kí ó tó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ Fulham nínú ìdíje Division Kejì. Nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ó gba bọ́ọ̀lù ní ìgbà méjì, lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní liigi pẹ̀lú Macclesfield, àti lẹ́ẹ̀kan nínú League Cup nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Cardiff City. Lẹ́yìn Fulham, ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic àti Reading, kí ó tó fẹ̀yìntì gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford. == Iṣẹ́ olùkọ́ni == Ó ti ṣe olùkọ́ni fún ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún ní Crystal Palace tẹ́lẹ̀ láàárín ọdún 2009 sí 2015, ó sì ti ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Mark Bright, ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2015, wọ́n kéde rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ni ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ Crystal Palace, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi ibẹ̀ sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn àkókò kan ṣoṣo. == Iṣẹ́ ìròyìn lórí ayélujára == Salako ti ṣiṣẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀ròyìn ọjọ́ ìdíje lórí Sky Sports . == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Nígbà tí ó wà ní ọ̀dọ́langba, ó ń gbé ní Westerham, Kent, ó sì jẹ́ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ The Wildernesse ní Sevenoaks. Arákùnrin rẹ̀ Andy Salako náà jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó jẹ́ ògbóǹkangí. == Àwọnàmì-ẹ̀yẹ== === Gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù=== '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace''' * [[Football League First Division]]: [[1993–94 Crystal Palace F.C. season|1993–94]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.11v11.com/players/john-salako-2330/|title=John Salako|website=11v11.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |url=http://fchd.info/CRYSTALP.HTM |title=Football Club History Database – Crystal Palace |website=fchd.info |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> * [[Football League Second Division play-offs]]: [[1989 Football League Second Division play-off final|1989]]<ref name="FCHD" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.holmesdale.net/page.php?id=111&player=576|title=John Salako|last=www.holmesdale.net|first=Holmesdale Online|website=Holmesdale Online|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> *[[Full Members' Cup]]: [[1990–91 Full Members' Cup|1990–91]] '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham''' * [[Football League Second Division]]: [[1998–99 Fulham F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=128|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1998/1999 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/FULHAM.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Fulham|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic''' * Football League First Division: [[1999–2000 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=129|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1999/2000 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/CHARLTOA.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Charlton Athletic|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading''' * Football League Second Division runner-up: [[2001–02 Reading F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=131|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 2001/2002 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/READING.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Reading|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Aládàáni''' * [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace Young Player of the Year]]: 1986–87, 1987–88<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cpfc.co.uk/news/2016/may/young-player-of-the-year-a-history/|title=Crystal Palace FC Young Player of the Year: A History|access-date=14 February 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1969]] hnw3nb7j1y4yko2nbp9mtwfpxbm1jcm 624782 624781 2026-07-01T20:17:28Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Iṣẹ́ eré ṣíṣe */ 624782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = John Salako | image = | full_name = John Akin Salako<ref>{{Worldfootball.net|john-salako|new_id=pe60461}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1969|2|11}} | birth_place = [[Ibadan]], Nigeria | height = 1.75 m<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salako, John Akin Salako - Footballer {{!}} BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j93977.html |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=www.bdfutbol.com}}</ref> | position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]], [[attacking midfielder]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Westerham Reds | youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = Westerham | youthyears3 = | youthclubs3 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] | years1 = 1986–1995 | clubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] | caps1 = 215 | goals1 = 22 | years2 = 1989 | clubs2 = → [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] (loan) | caps2 = 13 | goals2 = 3 | years3 = 1995–1998 | clubs3 = [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]] | caps3 = 72 | goals3 = 4 | years4 = 1998 | clubs4 = → [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 7 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 1998–1999 | clubs5 = [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] | caps5 = 10 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 1999–2001 | clubs6 = [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]] | caps6 = 47 | goals6 = 2 | years7 = 2001–2004 | clubs7 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]] | caps7 = 111 | goals7 = 13 | years8 = 2004–2005 | clubs8 = [[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 4 | totalcaps = 510 | totalgoals = 49 | nationalyears1 = 1991 | nationalteam1 = [[England national football team|England]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | manageryears1 = 2009–2015 | managerclubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] (U16s) | manageryears2 = 2015–2016 | managerclubs2 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] (first team coach) }} '''John Akin Salako''' Ni ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kejì ọdún 1969 ni à bii.O jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]], olùkọ́ni, àti onímọ̀ nípa eré ìdárayá ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tẹ́lẹ̀ri. A bí Salako ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó jẹ agbabọ́ọ̀lù ẹgbẹ tàbí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láàárín gbùngbùn, láàrin ọdún 1986 sí ọdún 2005. Ó kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì Premier League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bolton Wanderers àti ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic, nínú Football League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Swansea City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford . Salako kópa láti sójú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè England àgbà, ó sì gba ìfẹ́ - ẹyẹ márùn-ún, ní ọdún 1991 nígbà tí ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football/crystal-palace-fc/john-salako-7717/league-appearances_a17907/|title=John SALAKO – League appearances. – Crystal Palace FC|publisher=}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2005, wọ́n dìbò fún Salako gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún XI ti Palace. == Àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó yára tó sì ní èrò tó jinlẹ̀, Salako bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace ní àárín ọdún 1980, ó sì jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá òsì wọn nígbà tí wọ́n gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje First Division ní ọdún 1989. Ó tún wà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà nínú ìdíje FA Cup ọdún 1990, ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ tó ga jùlọ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gbà góólù 3-3 pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Manchester United kí wọ́n tó pàdánù àtún 1-0.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=119|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1989/1990 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> Ní ọdún kan lẹ́yìn náà, Salako ran Palace lọ́wọ́ láti dé ipò kẹta tó ga jùlọ ní ìdíje gíga ní àsìkò 1990-91, ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ méjì fún Eagles nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Manchester United nílé ní 3-0. Sibẹsibẹ, ipalara orúnkún líle kan tí ó ní nígbà tí wọ́n gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú Leeds United yọ ọ́ kúrò nínú ìdíje náà títí di àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e, nígbà tí Palace jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ olùdásílẹ̀ FA Premier League . Wọ́n parí ìdíje náà, pẹ̀lú Salako tí wọ́n máa ń gbé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú láàárín pẹ̀lú Chris Armstrong lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti tà Ian Wright àti Mark Bright . Salako ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti padà sí ipò gíga, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún padà sí ipò kejì ní àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n dé ìpele ìparí àwọn ife méjèèjì. Salako fi Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Palace sílẹ̀ ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 1995, ó sì fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City . Ó lo ṣáá mẹ́ta pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry, títí kan ìgbà díẹ̀ tí ó fi darapo mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí Bolton Wanderers, kí ó tó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ Fulham nínú ìdíje Division Kejì. Nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ó gba bọ́ọ̀lù ní ìgbà méjì, lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní liigi pẹ̀lú Macclesfield, àti lẹ́ẹ̀kan nínú League Cup nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Cardiff City. Lẹ́yìn Fulham, ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic àti Reading, kí ó tó fẹ̀yìntì gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford. == Iṣẹ́ olùkọ́ni == Ó ti ṣe olùkọ́ni fún ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún ní Crystal Palace tẹ́lẹ̀ láàárín ọdún 2009 sí 2015, ó sì ti ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Mark Bright, ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2015, wọ́n kéde rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ni ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ Crystal Palace, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi ibẹ̀ sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn àkókò kan ṣoṣo. == Iṣẹ́ ìròyìn lórí ayélujára == Salako ti ṣiṣẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀ròyìn ọjọ́ ìdíje lórí Sky Sports . == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Nígbà tí ó wà ní ọ̀dọ́langba, ó ń gbé ní Westerham, Kent, ó sì jẹ́ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ The Wildernesse ní Sevenoaks. Arákùnrin rẹ̀ Andy Salako náà jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó jẹ́ ògbóǹkangí. == Àwọnàmì-ẹ̀yẹ== === Gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù=== '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace''' * [[Football League First Division]]: [[1993–94 Crystal Palace F.C. season|1993–94]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.11v11.com/players/john-salako-2330/|title=John Salako|website=11v11.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |url=http://fchd.info/CRYSTALP.HTM |title=Football Club History Database – Crystal Palace |website=fchd.info |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> * [[Football League Second Division play-offs]]: [[1989 Football League Second Division play-off final|1989]]<ref name="FCHD" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.holmesdale.net/page.php?id=111&player=576|title=John Salako|last=www.holmesdale.net|first=Holmesdale Online|website=Holmesdale Online|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> *[[Full Members' Cup]]: [[1990–91 Full Members' Cup|1990–91]] '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham''' * [[Football League Second Division]]: [[1998–99 Fulham F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=128|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1998/1999 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/FULHAM.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Fulham|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic''' * Football League First Division: [[1999–2000 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=129|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1999/2000 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/CHARLTOA.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Charlton Athletic|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading''' * Football League Second Division runner-up: [[2001–02 Reading F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=131|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 2001/2002 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/READING.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Reading|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Aládàáni''' * [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace Young Player of the Year]]: 1986–87, 1987–88<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cpfc.co.uk/news/2016/may/young-player-of-the-year-a-history/|title=Crystal Palace FC Young Player of the Year: A History|access-date=14 February 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1969]] b5c5ap8qpvaqm60qectb1bmxe2e1e7e 624783 624782 2026-07-01T20:18:40Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ */ 624783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = John Salako | image = | full_name = John Akin Salako<ref>{{Worldfootball.net|john-salako|new_id=pe60461}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1969|2|11}} | birth_place = [[Ibadan]], Nigeria | height = 1.75 m<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salako, John Akin Salako - Footballer {{!}} BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j93977.html |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=www.bdfutbol.com}}</ref> | position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]], [[attacking midfielder]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Westerham Reds | youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = Westerham | youthyears3 = | youthclubs3 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] | years1 = 1986–1995 | clubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] | caps1 = 215 | goals1 = 22 | years2 = 1989 | clubs2 = → [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] (loan) | caps2 = 13 | goals2 = 3 | years3 = 1995–1998 | clubs3 = [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]] | caps3 = 72 | goals3 = 4 | years4 = 1998 | clubs4 = → [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 7 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 1998–1999 | clubs5 = [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] | caps5 = 10 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 1999–2001 | clubs6 = [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]] | caps6 = 47 | goals6 = 2 | years7 = 2001–2004 | clubs7 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]] | caps7 = 111 | goals7 = 13 | years8 = 2004–2005 | clubs8 = [[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 4 | totalcaps = 510 | totalgoals = 49 | nationalyears1 = 1991 | nationalteam1 = [[England national football team|England]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | manageryears1 = 2009–2015 | managerclubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] (U16s) | manageryears2 = 2015–2016 | managerclubs2 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] (first team coach) }} '''John Akin Salako''' Ni ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kejì ọdún 1969 ni à bii.O jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]], olùkọ́ni, àti onímọ̀ nípa eré ìdárayá ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tẹ́lẹ̀ri. A bí Salako ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó jẹ agbabọ́ọ̀lù ẹgbẹ tàbí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láàárín gbùngbùn, láàrin ọdún 1986 sí ọdún 2005. Ó kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì Premier League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bolton Wanderers àti ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic, nínú Football League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Swansea City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford . Salako kópa láti sójú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè England àgbà, ó sì gba ìfẹ́ - ẹyẹ márùn-ún, ní ọdún 1991 nígbà tí ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football/crystal-palace-fc/john-salako-7717/league-appearances_a17907/|title=John SALAKO – League appearances. – Crystal Palace FC|publisher=}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2005, wọ́n dìbò fún Salako gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún XI ti Palace. == Àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó yára tó sì ní èrò tó jinlẹ̀, Salako bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace ní àárín ọdún 1980, ó sì jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá òsì wọn nígbà tí wọ́n gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje First Division ní ọdún 1989. Ó tún wà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà nínú ìdíje FA Cup ọdún 1990, ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ tó ga jùlọ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gbà góólù 3-3 pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Manchester United kí wọ́n tó pàdánù àtún 1-0.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=119|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1989/1990 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> Ní ọdún kan lẹ́yìn náà, Salako ran Palace lọ́wọ́ láti dé ipò kẹta tó ga jùlọ ní ìdíje gíga ní àsìkò 1990-91, ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ méjì fún Eagles nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Manchester United nílé ní 3-0. Sibẹsibẹ, ipalara orúnkún líle kan tí ó ní nígbà tí wọ́n gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú Leeds United yọ ọ́ kúrò nínú ìdíje náà títí di àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e, nígbà tí Palace jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ olùdásílẹ̀ FA Premier League . Wọ́n parí ìdíje náà, pẹ̀lú Salako tí wọ́n máa ń gbé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú láàárín pẹ̀lú Chris Armstrong lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti tà Ian Wright àti Mark Bright . Salako ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti padà sí ipò gíga, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún padà sí ipò kejì ní àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n dé ìpele ìparí àwọn ife méjèèjì. Salako fi Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Palace sílẹ̀ ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 1995, ó sì fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City.<ref name="Soccerbase">{{Cite web |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979 |title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Age 49 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base |website=www.soccerbase.com |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> Ó lo ṣáá mẹ́ta pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry, títí kan ìgbà díẹ̀ tí ó fi darapo mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí Bolton Wanderers, kí ó tó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ Fulham nínú ìdíje Division Kejì. Nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ó gba bọ́ọ̀lù ní ìgbà méjì, lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní liigi pẹ̀lú Macclesfield, àti lẹ́ẹ̀kan nínú League Cup nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Cardiff City. Lẹ́yìn Fulham, ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic àti Reading, kí ó tó fẹ̀yìntì gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford. == Iṣẹ́ olùkọ́ni == Ó ti ṣe olùkọ́ni fún ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún ní Crystal Palace tẹ́lẹ̀ láàárín ọdún 2009 sí 2015, ó sì ti ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Mark Bright, ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2015, wọ́n kéde rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ni ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ Crystal Palace, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi ibẹ̀ sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn àkókò kan ṣoṣo. == Iṣẹ́ ìròyìn lórí ayélujára == Salako ti ṣiṣẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀ròyìn ọjọ́ ìdíje lórí Sky Sports . == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Nígbà tí ó wà ní ọ̀dọ́langba, ó ń gbé ní Westerham, Kent, ó sì jẹ́ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ The Wildernesse ní Sevenoaks. Arákùnrin rẹ̀ Andy Salako náà jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó jẹ́ ògbóǹkangí. == Àwọnàmì-ẹ̀yẹ== === Gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù=== '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace''' * [[Football League First Division]]: [[1993–94 Crystal Palace F.C. season|1993–94]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.11v11.com/players/john-salako-2330/|title=John Salako|website=11v11.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |url=http://fchd.info/CRYSTALP.HTM |title=Football Club History Database – Crystal Palace |website=fchd.info |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> * [[Football League Second Division play-offs]]: [[1989 Football League Second Division play-off final|1989]]<ref name="FCHD" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.holmesdale.net/page.php?id=111&player=576|title=John Salako|last=www.holmesdale.net|first=Holmesdale Online|website=Holmesdale Online|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> *[[Full Members' Cup]]: [[1990–91 Full Members' Cup|1990–91]] '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham''' * [[Football League Second Division]]: [[1998–99 Fulham F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=128|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1998/1999 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/FULHAM.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Fulham|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic''' * Football League First Division: [[1999–2000 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=129|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1999/2000 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/CHARLTOA.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Charlton Athletic|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading''' * Football League Second Division runner-up: [[2001–02 Reading F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=131|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 2001/2002 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/READING.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Reading|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Aládàáni''' * [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace Young Player of the Year]]: 1986–87, 1987–88<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cpfc.co.uk/news/2016/may/young-player-of-the-year-a-history/|title=Crystal Palace FC Young Player of the Year: A History|access-date=14 February 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1969]] j5kys85eyc5r0ga1syaz6ot8igblvhn 624784 624783 2026-07-01T20:19:52Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ */ 624784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = John Salako | image = | full_name = John Akin Salako<ref>{{Worldfootball.net|john-salako|new_id=pe60461}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1969|2|11}} | birth_place = [[Ibadan]], Nigeria | height = 1.75 m<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salako, John Akin Salako - Footballer {{!}} BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j93977.html |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=www.bdfutbol.com}}</ref> | position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]], [[attacking midfielder]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Westerham Reds | youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = Westerham | youthyears3 = | youthclubs3 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] | years1 = 1986–1995 | clubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] | caps1 = 215 | goals1 = 22 | years2 = 1989 | clubs2 = → [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] (loan) | caps2 = 13 | goals2 = 3 | years3 = 1995–1998 | clubs3 = [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]] | caps3 = 72 | goals3 = 4 | years4 = 1998 | clubs4 = → [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 7 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 1998–1999 | clubs5 = [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] | caps5 = 10 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 1999–2001 | clubs6 = [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]] | caps6 = 47 | goals6 = 2 | years7 = 2001–2004 | clubs7 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]] | caps7 = 111 | goals7 = 13 | years8 = 2004–2005 | clubs8 = [[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 4 | totalcaps = 510 | totalgoals = 49 | nationalyears1 = 1991 | nationalteam1 = [[England national football team|England]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | manageryears1 = 2009–2015 | managerclubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] (U16s) | manageryears2 = 2015–2016 | managerclubs2 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] (first team coach) }} '''John Akin Salako''' Ni ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kejì ọdún 1969 ni à bii.O jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]], olùkọ́ni, àti onímọ̀ nípa eré ìdárayá ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tẹ́lẹ̀ri. A bí Salako ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó jẹ agbabọ́ọ̀lù ẹgbẹ tàbí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láàárín gbùngbùn, láàrin ọdún 1986 sí ọdún 2005. Ó kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì Premier League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bolton Wanderers àti ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic, nínú Football League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Swansea City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford . Salako kópa láti sójú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè England àgbà, ó sì gba ìfẹ́ - ẹyẹ márùn-ún, ní ọdún 1991 nígbà tí ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football/crystal-palace-fc/john-salako-7717/league-appearances_a17907/|title=John SALAKO – League appearances. – Crystal Palace FC|publisher=}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2005, wọ́n dìbò fún Salako gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún XI ti Palace. == Àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó yára tó sì ní èrò tó jinlẹ̀, Salako bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace ní àárín ọdún 1980, ó sì jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá òsì wọn nígbà tí wọ́n gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje First Division ní ọdún 1989. Ó tún wà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà nínú ìdíje FA Cup ọdún 1990, ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ tó ga jùlọ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gbà góólù 3-3 pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Manchester United kí wọ́n tó pàdánù àtún 1-0.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=119|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1989/1990 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> Ní ọdún kan lẹ́yìn náà, Salako ran Palace lọ́wọ́ láti dé ipò kẹta tó ga jùlọ ní ìdíje gíga ní àsìkò 1990-91, ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ méjì fún Eagles nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Manchester United nílé ní 3-0. Sibẹsibẹ, ipalara orúnkún líle kan tí ó ní nígbà tí wọ́n gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú Leeds United yọ ọ́ kúrò nínú ìdíje náà títí di àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e, nígbà tí Palace jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ olùdásílẹ̀ FA Premier League . Wọ́n parí ìdíje náà, pẹ̀lú Salako tí wọ́n máa ń gbé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú láàárín pẹ̀lú Chris Armstrong lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti tà Ian Wright àti Mark Bright . Salako ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti padà sí ipò gíga, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún padà sí ipò kejì ní àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n dé ìpele ìparí àwọn ife méjèèjì. Salako fi Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Palace sílẹ̀ ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 1995, ó sì fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City.<ref name="Soccerbase">{{Cite web |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979 |title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Age 49 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base |website=www.soccerbase.com |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> Ó lo ṣáá mẹ́ta pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry, títí kan ìgbà díẹ̀ tí ó fi darapo mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí Bolton Wanderers, kí ó tó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ Fulham nínú ìdíje Division Kejì. Nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ó gba bọ́ọ̀lù ní ìgbà méjì, lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní liigi pẹ̀lú Macclesfield, àti lẹ́ẹ̀kan nínú League Cup nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Cardiff City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10393~408155,00.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226194507/http://www.mtfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10393~408155%2C00.html |archivedate=26 February 2012 |title=Looking Back – 8th August 1998 |publisher=Macclesfield Town FC |date=8 August 1998 |accessdate=12 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn Fulham, ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic àti Reading, kí ó tó fẹ̀yìntì gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford. == Iṣẹ́ olùkọ́ni == Ó ti ṣe olùkọ́ni fún ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún ní Crystal Palace tẹ́lẹ̀ láàárín ọdún 2009 sí 2015, ó sì ti ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Mark Bright, ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2015, wọ́n kéde rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ni ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ Crystal Palace, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi ibẹ̀ sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn àkókò kan ṣoṣo. == Iṣẹ́ ìròyìn lórí ayélujára == Salako ti ṣiṣẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀ròyìn ọjọ́ ìdíje lórí Sky Sports . == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Nígbà tí ó wà ní ọ̀dọ́langba, ó ń gbé ní Westerham, Kent, ó sì jẹ́ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ The Wildernesse ní Sevenoaks. Arákùnrin rẹ̀ Andy Salako náà jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó jẹ́ ògbóǹkangí. == Àwọnàmì-ẹ̀yẹ== === Gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù=== '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace''' * [[Football League First Division]]: [[1993–94 Crystal Palace F.C. season|1993–94]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.11v11.com/players/john-salako-2330/|title=John Salako|website=11v11.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |url=http://fchd.info/CRYSTALP.HTM |title=Football Club History Database – Crystal Palace |website=fchd.info |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> * [[Football League Second Division play-offs]]: [[1989 Football League Second Division play-off final|1989]]<ref name="FCHD" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.holmesdale.net/page.php?id=111&player=576|title=John Salako|last=www.holmesdale.net|first=Holmesdale Online|website=Holmesdale Online|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> *[[Full Members' Cup]]: [[1990–91 Full Members' Cup|1990–91]] '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham''' * [[Football League Second Division]]: [[1998–99 Fulham F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=128|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1998/1999 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/FULHAM.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Fulham|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic''' * Football League First Division: [[1999–2000 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=129|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1999/2000 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/CHARLTOA.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Charlton Athletic|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading''' * Football League Second Division runner-up: [[2001–02 Reading F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=131|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 2001/2002 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/READING.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Reading|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Aládàáni''' * [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace Young Player of the Year]]: 1986–87, 1987–88<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cpfc.co.uk/news/2016/may/young-player-of-the-year-a-history/|title=Crystal Palace FC Young Player of the Year: A History|access-date=14 February 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1969]] d8ui3vx8iyemgq22xaayccp2a75a8d9 624785 624784 2026-07-01T20:20:42Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ */ 624785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = John Salako | image = | full_name = John Akin Salako<ref>{{Worldfootball.net|john-salako|new_id=pe60461}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1969|2|11}} | birth_place = [[Ibadan]], Nigeria | height = 1.75 m<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salako, John Akin Salako - Footballer {{!}} BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j93977.html |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=www.bdfutbol.com}}</ref> | position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]], [[attacking midfielder]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Westerham Reds | youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = Westerham | youthyears3 = | youthclubs3 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] | years1 = 1986–1995 | clubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] | caps1 = 215 | goals1 = 22 | years2 = 1989 | clubs2 = → [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] (loan) | caps2 = 13 | goals2 = 3 | years3 = 1995–1998 | clubs3 = [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]] | caps3 = 72 | goals3 = 4 | years4 = 1998 | clubs4 = → [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 7 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 1998–1999 | clubs5 = [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] | caps5 = 10 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 1999–2001 | clubs6 = [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]] | caps6 = 47 | goals6 = 2 | years7 = 2001–2004 | clubs7 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]] | caps7 = 111 | goals7 = 13 | years8 = 2004–2005 | clubs8 = [[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 4 | totalcaps = 510 | totalgoals = 49 | nationalyears1 = 1991 | nationalteam1 = [[England national football team|England]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | manageryears1 = 2009–2015 | managerclubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] (U16s) | manageryears2 = 2015–2016 | managerclubs2 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] (first team coach) }} '''John Akin Salako''' Ni ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kejì ọdún 1969 ni à bii.O jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]], olùkọ́ni, àti onímọ̀ nípa eré ìdárayá ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tẹ́lẹ̀ri. A bí Salako ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó jẹ agbabọ́ọ̀lù ẹgbẹ tàbí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láàárín gbùngbùn, láàrin ọdún 1986 sí ọdún 2005. Ó kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì Premier League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bolton Wanderers àti ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic, nínú Football League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Swansea City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford . Salako kópa láti sójú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè England àgbà, ó sì gba ìfẹ́ - ẹyẹ márùn-ún, ní ọdún 1991 nígbà tí ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football/crystal-palace-fc/john-salako-7717/league-appearances_a17907/|title=John SALAKO – League appearances. – Crystal Palace FC|publisher=}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2005, wọ́n dìbò fún Salako gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún XI ti Palace. == Àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó yára tó sì ní èrò tó jinlẹ̀, Salako bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace ní àárín ọdún 1980, ó sì jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá òsì wọn nígbà tí wọ́n gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje First Division ní ọdún 1989. Ó tún wà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà nínú ìdíje FA Cup ọdún 1990, ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ tó ga jùlọ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gbà góólù 3-3 pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Manchester United kí wọ́n tó pàdánù àtún 1-0.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=119|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1989/1990 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> Ní ọdún kan lẹ́yìn náà, Salako ran Palace lọ́wọ́ láti dé ipò kẹta tó ga jùlọ ní ìdíje gíga ní àsìkò 1990-91, ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ méjì fún Eagles nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Manchester United nílé ní 3-0. Sibẹsibẹ, ipalara orúnkún líle kan tí ó ní nígbà tí wọ́n gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú Leeds United yọ ọ́ kúrò nínú ìdíje náà títí di àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e, nígbà tí Palace jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ olùdásílẹ̀ FA Premier League . Wọ́n parí ìdíje náà, pẹ̀lú Salako tí wọ́n máa ń gbé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú láàárín pẹ̀lú Chris Armstrong lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti tà Ian Wright àti Mark Bright . Salako ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti padà sí ipò gíga, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún padà sí ipò kejì ní àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n dé ìpele ìparí àwọn ife méjèèjì. Salako fi Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Palace sílẹ̀ ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 1995, ó sì fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City.<ref name="Soccerbase">{{Cite web |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979 |title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Age 49 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base |website=www.soccerbase.com |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> Ó lo ṣáá mẹ́ta pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry, títí kan ìgbà díẹ̀ tí ó fi darapo mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí Bolton Wanderers, kí ó tó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ Fulham nínú ìdíje Division Kejì. Nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ó gba bọ́ọ̀lù ní ìgbà méjì, lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní liigi pẹ̀lú Macclesfield, àti lẹ́ẹ̀kan nínú League Cup nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Cardiff City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10393~408155,00.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226194507/http://www.mtfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10393~408155%2C00.html |archivedate=26 February 2012 |title=Looking Back – 8th August 1998 |publisher=Macclesfield Town FC |date=8 August 1998 |accessdate=12 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn Fulham, ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic àti Reading, kí ó tó fẹ̀yìntì gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://footballstats.sportinglife.com/cgi-bin/results.pl?lang=english&year=1998&month=08&date=18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224054408/http://footballstats.sportinglife.com/cgi-bin/results.pl?lang=english&year=1998&month=08&date=18 |archivedate=24 February 2012 |title= Fixtures & Results Tuesday, 18 August 1998 |publisher= Sporting Life|date=18 August 2008 |accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2013/october/01/rewind-report |title=Rewind Report |publisher=Fulham FC|date=1 October 2013 |accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ olùkọ́ni == Ó ti ṣe olùkọ́ni fún ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún ní Crystal Palace tẹ́lẹ̀ láàárín ọdún 2009 sí 2015, ó sì ti ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Mark Bright, ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2015, wọ́n kéde rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ni ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ Crystal Palace, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi ibẹ̀ sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn àkókò kan ṣoṣo. == Iṣẹ́ ìròyìn lórí ayélujára == Salako ti ṣiṣẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀ròyìn ọjọ́ ìdíje lórí Sky Sports . == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Nígbà tí ó wà ní ọ̀dọ́langba, ó ń gbé ní Westerham, Kent, ó sì jẹ́ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ The Wildernesse ní Sevenoaks. Arákùnrin rẹ̀ Andy Salako náà jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó jẹ́ ògbóǹkangí. == Àwọnàmì-ẹ̀yẹ== === Gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù=== '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace''' * [[Football League First Division]]: [[1993–94 Crystal Palace F.C. season|1993–94]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.11v11.com/players/john-salako-2330/|title=John Salako|website=11v11.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |url=http://fchd.info/CRYSTALP.HTM |title=Football Club History Database – Crystal Palace |website=fchd.info |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> * [[Football League Second Division play-offs]]: [[1989 Football League Second Division play-off final|1989]]<ref name="FCHD" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.holmesdale.net/page.php?id=111&player=576|title=John Salako|last=www.holmesdale.net|first=Holmesdale Online|website=Holmesdale Online|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> *[[Full Members' Cup]]: [[1990–91 Full Members' Cup|1990–91]] '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham''' * [[Football League Second Division]]: [[1998–99 Fulham F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=128|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1998/1999 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/FULHAM.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Fulham|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic''' * Football League First Division: [[1999–2000 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=129|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1999/2000 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/CHARLTOA.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Charlton Athletic|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading''' * Football League Second Division runner-up: [[2001–02 Reading F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=131|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 2001/2002 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/READING.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Reading|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Aládàáni''' * [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace Young Player of the Year]]: 1986–87, 1987–88<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cpfc.co.uk/news/2016/may/young-player-of-the-year-a-history/|title=Crystal Palace FC Young Player of the Year: A History|access-date=14 February 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1969]] i1vf38c2nbs98yf6f6odrgpifj7j7z9 624787 624785 2026-07-01T20:21:34Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Iṣẹ́ olùkọ́ni */ 624787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = John Salako | image = | full_name = John Akin Salako<ref>{{Worldfootball.net|john-salako|new_id=pe60461}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1969|2|11}} | birth_place = [[Ibadan]], Nigeria | height = 1.75 m<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salako, John Akin Salako - Footballer {{!}} BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j93977.html |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=www.bdfutbol.com}}</ref> | position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]], [[attacking midfielder]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Westerham Reds | youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = Westerham | youthyears3 = | youthclubs3 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] | years1 = 1986–1995 | clubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] | caps1 = 215 | goals1 = 22 | years2 = 1989 | clubs2 = → [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] (loan) | caps2 = 13 | goals2 = 3 | years3 = 1995–1998 | clubs3 = [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]] | caps3 = 72 | goals3 = 4 | years4 = 1998 | clubs4 = → [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 7 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 1998–1999 | clubs5 = [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] | caps5 = 10 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 1999–2001 | clubs6 = [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]] | caps6 = 47 | goals6 = 2 | years7 = 2001–2004 | clubs7 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]] | caps7 = 111 | goals7 = 13 | years8 = 2004–2005 | clubs8 = [[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 4 | totalcaps = 510 | totalgoals = 49 | nationalyears1 = 1991 | nationalteam1 = [[England national football team|England]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | manageryears1 = 2009–2015 | managerclubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] (U16s) | manageryears2 = 2015–2016 | managerclubs2 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] (first team coach) }} '''John Akin Salako''' Ni ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kejì ọdún 1969 ni à bii.O jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]], olùkọ́ni, àti onímọ̀ nípa eré ìdárayá ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tẹ́lẹ̀ri. A bí Salako ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó jẹ agbabọ́ọ̀lù ẹgbẹ tàbí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láàárín gbùngbùn, láàrin ọdún 1986 sí ọdún 2005. Ó kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì Premier League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bolton Wanderers àti ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic, nínú Football League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Swansea City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford . Salako kópa láti sójú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè England àgbà, ó sì gba ìfẹ́ - ẹyẹ márùn-ún, ní ọdún 1991 nígbà tí ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football/crystal-palace-fc/john-salako-7717/league-appearances_a17907/|title=John SALAKO – League appearances. – Crystal Palace FC|publisher=}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2005, wọ́n dìbò fún Salako gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún XI ti Palace. == Àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó yára tó sì ní èrò tó jinlẹ̀, Salako bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace ní àárín ọdún 1980, ó sì jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá òsì wọn nígbà tí wọ́n gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje First Division ní ọdún 1989. Ó tún wà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà nínú ìdíje FA Cup ọdún 1990, ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ tó ga jùlọ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gbà góólù 3-3 pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Manchester United kí wọ́n tó pàdánù àtún 1-0.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=119|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1989/1990 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> Ní ọdún kan lẹ́yìn náà, Salako ran Palace lọ́wọ́ láti dé ipò kẹta tó ga jùlọ ní ìdíje gíga ní àsìkò 1990-91, ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ méjì fún Eagles nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Manchester United nílé ní 3-0. Sibẹsibẹ, ipalara orúnkún líle kan tí ó ní nígbà tí wọ́n gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú Leeds United yọ ọ́ kúrò nínú ìdíje náà títí di àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e, nígbà tí Palace jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ olùdásílẹ̀ FA Premier League . Wọ́n parí ìdíje náà, pẹ̀lú Salako tí wọ́n máa ń gbé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú láàárín pẹ̀lú Chris Armstrong lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti tà Ian Wright àti Mark Bright . Salako ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti padà sí ipò gíga, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún padà sí ipò kejì ní àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n dé ìpele ìparí àwọn ife méjèèjì. Salako fi Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Palace sílẹ̀ ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 1995, ó sì fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City.<ref name="Soccerbase">{{Cite web |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979 |title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Age 49 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base |website=www.soccerbase.com |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> Ó lo ṣáá mẹ́ta pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry, títí kan ìgbà díẹ̀ tí ó fi darapo mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí Bolton Wanderers, kí ó tó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ Fulham nínú ìdíje Division Kejì. Nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ó gba bọ́ọ̀lù ní ìgbà méjì, lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní liigi pẹ̀lú Macclesfield, àti lẹ́ẹ̀kan nínú League Cup nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Cardiff City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10393~408155,00.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226194507/http://www.mtfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10393~408155%2C00.html |archivedate=26 February 2012 |title=Looking Back – 8th August 1998 |publisher=Macclesfield Town FC |date=8 August 1998 |accessdate=12 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn Fulham, ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic àti Reading, kí ó tó fẹ̀yìntì gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://footballstats.sportinglife.com/cgi-bin/results.pl?lang=english&year=1998&month=08&date=18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224054408/http://footballstats.sportinglife.com/cgi-bin/results.pl?lang=english&year=1998&month=08&date=18 |archivedate=24 February 2012 |title= Fixtures & Results Tuesday, 18 August 1998 |publisher= Sporting Life|date=18 August 2008 |accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2013/october/01/rewind-report |title=Rewind Report |publisher=Fulham FC|date=1 October 2013 |accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ olùkọ́ni == Ó ti ṣe olùkọ́ni fún ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún ní Crystal Palace tẹ́lẹ̀ láàárín ọdún 2009 sí 2015, ó sì ti ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Mark Bright,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpfc.co.uk/page/News/0,,10323~1790306,00.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224075535/http://www.cpfc.co.uk/page/News/0%2C%2C10323~1790306%2C00.html |archivedate=24 February 2012 |title=Palace Legends Join Academy Set Up |publisher=Crystal Palace FC |date=11 September 2009 |accessdate=12 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2015, wọ́n kéde rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ni ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ Crystal Palace, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi ibẹ̀ sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn àkókò kan ṣoṣo. == Iṣẹ́ ìròyìn lórí ayélujára == Salako ti ṣiṣẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀ròyìn ọjọ́ ìdíje lórí Sky Sports . == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Nígbà tí ó wà ní ọ̀dọ́langba, ó ń gbé ní Westerham, Kent, ó sì jẹ́ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ The Wildernesse ní Sevenoaks. Arákùnrin rẹ̀ Andy Salako náà jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó jẹ́ ògbóǹkangí. == Àwọnàmì-ẹ̀yẹ== === Gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù=== '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace''' * [[Football League First Division]]: [[1993–94 Crystal Palace F.C. season|1993–94]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.11v11.com/players/john-salako-2330/|title=John Salako|website=11v11.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |url=http://fchd.info/CRYSTALP.HTM |title=Football Club History Database – Crystal Palace |website=fchd.info |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> * [[Football League Second Division play-offs]]: [[1989 Football League Second Division play-off final|1989]]<ref name="FCHD" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.holmesdale.net/page.php?id=111&player=576|title=John Salako|last=www.holmesdale.net|first=Holmesdale Online|website=Holmesdale Online|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> *[[Full Members' Cup]]: [[1990–91 Full Members' Cup|1990–91]] '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham''' * [[Football League Second Division]]: [[1998–99 Fulham F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=128|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1998/1999 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/FULHAM.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Fulham|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic''' * Football League First Division: [[1999–2000 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=129|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1999/2000 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/CHARLTOA.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Charlton Athletic|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading''' * Football League Second Division runner-up: [[2001–02 Reading F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=131|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 2001/2002 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/READING.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Reading|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Aládàáni''' * [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace Young Player of the Year]]: 1986–87, 1987–88<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cpfc.co.uk/news/2016/may/young-player-of-the-year-a-history/|title=Crystal Palace FC Young Player of the Year: A History|access-date=14 February 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1969]] 1igm6o8qyew68rg15v4ii6tkpktfcmn 624789 624787 2026-07-01T20:22:23Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Iṣẹ́ olùkọ́ni */ 624789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = John Salako | image = | full_name = John Akin Salako<ref>{{Worldfootball.net|john-salako|new_id=pe60461}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1969|2|11}} | birth_place = [[Ibadan]], Nigeria | height = 1.75 m<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salako, John Akin Salako - Footballer {{!}} BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j93977.html |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=www.bdfutbol.com}}</ref> | position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]], [[attacking midfielder]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Westerham Reds | youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = Westerham | youthyears3 = | youthclubs3 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] | years1 = 1986–1995 | clubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] | caps1 = 215 | goals1 = 22 | years2 = 1989 | clubs2 = → [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] (loan) | caps2 = 13 | goals2 = 3 | years3 = 1995–1998 | clubs3 = [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]] | caps3 = 72 | goals3 = 4 | years4 = 1998 | clubs4 = → [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 7 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 1998–1999 | clubs5 = [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] | caps5 = 10 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 1999–2001 | clubs6 = [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]] | caps6 = 47 | goals6 = 2 | years7 = 2001–2004 | clubs7 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]] | caps7 = 111 | goals7 = 13 | years8 = 2004–2005 | clubs8 = [[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 4 | totalcaps = 510 | totalgoals = 49 | nationalyears1 = 1991 | nationalteam1 = [[England national football team|England]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | manageryears1 = 2009–2015 | managerclubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] (U16s) | manageryears2 = 2015–2016 | managerclubs2 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] (first team coach) }} '''John Akin Salako''' Ni ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kejì ọdún 1969 ni à bii.O jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]], olùkọ́ni, àti onímọ̀ nípa eré ìdárayá ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tẹ́lẹ̀ri. A bí Salako ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó jẹ agbabọ́ọ̀lù ẹgbẹ tàbí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láàárín gbùngbùn, láàrin ọdún 1986 sí ọdún 2005. Ó kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì Premier League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bolton Wanderers àti ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic, nínú Football League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Swansea City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford . Salako kópa láti sójú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè England àgbà, ó sì gba ìfẹ́ - ẹyẹ márùn-ún, ní ọdún 1991 nígbà tí ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football/crystal-palace-fc/john-salako-7717/league-appearances_a17907/|title=John SALAKO – League appearances. – Crystal Palace FC|publisher=}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2005, wọ́n dìbò fún Salako gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún XI ti Palace. == Àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó yára tó sì ní èrò tó jinlẹ̀, Salako bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace ní àárín ọdún 1980, ó sì jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá òsì wọn nígbà tí wọ́n gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje First Division ní ọdún 1989. Ó tún wà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà nínú ìdíje FA Cup ọdún 1990, ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ tó ga jùlọ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gbà góólù 3-3 pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Manchester United kí wọ́n tó pàdánù àtún 1-0.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=119|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1989/1990 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> Ní ọdún kan lẹ́yìn náà, Salako ran Palace lọ́wọ́ láti dé ipò kẹta tó ga jùlọ ní ìdíje gíga ní àsìkò 1990-91, ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ méjì fún Eagles nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Manchester United nílé ní 3-0. Sibẹsibẹ, ipalara orúnkún líle kan tí ó ní nígbà tí wọ́n gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú Leeds United yọ ọ́ kúrò nínú ìdíje náà títí di àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e, nígbà tí Palace jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ olùdásílẹ̀ FA Premier League . Wọ́n parí ìdíje náà, pẹ̀lú Salako tí wọ́n máa ń gbé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú láàárín pẹ̀lú Chris Armstrong lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti tà Ian Wright àti Mark Bright . Salako ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti padà sí ipò gíga, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún padà sí ipò kejì ní àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n dé ìpele ìparí àwọn ife méjèèjì. Salako fi Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Palace sílẹ̀ ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 1995, ó sì fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City.<ref name="Soccerbase">{{Cite web |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979 |title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Age 49 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base |website=www.soccerbase.com |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> Ó lo ṣáá mẹ́ta pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry, títí kan ìgbà díẹ̀ tí ó fi darapo mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí Bolton Wanderers, kí ó tó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ Fulham nínú ìdíje Division Kejì. Nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ó gba bọ́ọ̀lù ní ìgbà méjì, lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní liigi pẹ̀lú Macclesfield, àti lẹ́ẹ̀kan nínú League Cup nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Cardiff City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10393~408155,00.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226194507/http://www.mtfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10393~408155%2C00.html |archivedate=26 February 2012 |title=Looking Back – 8th August 1998 |publisher=Macclesfield Town FC |date=8 August 1998 |accessdate=12 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn Fulham, ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic àti Reading, kí ó tó fẹ̀yìntì gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://footballstats.sportinglife.com/cgi-bin/results.pl?lang=english&year=1998&month=08&date=18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224054408/http://footballstats.sportinglife.com/cgi-bin/results.pl?lang=english&year=1998&month=08&date=18 |archivedate=24 February 2012 |title= Fixtures & Results Tuesday, 18 August 1998 |publisher= Sporting Life|date=18 August 2008 |accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2013/october/01/rewind-report |title=Rewind Report |publisher=Fulham FC|date=1 October 2013 |accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ olùkọ́ni == Ó ti ṣe olùkọ́ni fún ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún ní Crystal Palace tẹ́lẹ̀ láàárín ọdún 2009 sí 2015, ó sì ti ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Mark Bright,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpfc.co.uk/page/News/0,,10323~1790306,00.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224075535/http://www.cpfc.co.uk/page/News/0%2C%2C10323~1790306%2C00.html |archivedate=24 February 2012 |title=Palace Legends Join Academy Set Up |publisher=Crystal Palace FC |date=11 September 2009 |accessdate=12 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2015, wọ́n kéde rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ni ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ Crystal Palace, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi ibẹ̀ sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn àkókò kan ṣoṣo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/football/west-bromwich-albion/2015/10/09/ben-garner-joins-albion-coaching-staff/|title=Ben Garner to join Albion coaching staff|website=www.expressandstar.com|date=9 October 2015 |language=en|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ ìròyìn lórí ayélujára == Salako ti ṣiṣẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀ròyìn ọjọ́ ìdíje lórí Sky Sports . == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Nígbà tí ó wà ní ọ̀dọ́langba, ó ń gbé ní Westerham, Kent, ó sì jẹ́ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ The Wildernesse ní Sevenoaks. Arákùnrin rẹ̀ Andy Salako náà jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó jẹ́ ògbóǹkangí. == Àwọnàmì-ẹ̀yẹ== === Gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù=== '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace''' * [[Football League First Division]]: [[1993–94 Crystal Palace F.C. season|1993–94]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.11v11.com/players/john-salako-2330/|title=John Salako|website=11v11.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |url=http://fchd.info/CRYSTALP.HTM |title=Football Club History Database – Crystal Palace |website=fchd.info |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> * [[Football League Second Division play-offs]]: [[1989 Football League Second Division play-off final|1989]]<ref name="FCHD" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.holmesdale.net/page.php?id=111&player=576|title=John Salako|last=www.holmesdale.net|first=Holmesdale Online|website=Holmesdale Online|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> *[[Full Members' Cup]]: [[1990–91 Full Members' Cup|1990–91]] '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham''' * [[Football League Second Division]]: [[1998–99 Fulham F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=128|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1998/1999 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/FULHAM.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Fulham|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic''' * Football League First Division: [[1999–2000 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=129|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1999/2000 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/CHARLTOA.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Charlton Athletic|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading''' * Football League Second Division runner-up: [[2001–02 Reading F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=131|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 2001/2002 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/READING.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Reading|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Aládàáni''' * [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace Young Player of the Year]]: 1986–87, 1987–88<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cpfc.co.uk/news/2016/may/young-player-of-the-year-a-history/|title=Crystal Palace FC Young Player of the Year: A History|access-date=14 February 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1969]] rqk4lr6hgr0355gbqyhz3l3kp141mhs 624792 624789 2026-07-01T20:23:59Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Iṣẹ́ ìròyìn lórí ayélujára */ 624792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = John Salako | image = | full_name = John Akin Salako<ref>{{Worldfootball.net|john-salako|new_id=pe60461}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1969|2|11}} | birth_place = [[Ibadan]], Nigeria | height = 1.75 m<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salako, John Akin Salako - Footballer {{!}} BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j93977.html |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=www.bdfutbol.com}}</ref> | position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]], [[attacking midfielder]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Westerham Reds | youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = Westerham | youthyears3 = | youthclubs3 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] | years1 = 1986–1995 | clubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] | caps1 = 215 | goals1 = 22 | years2 = 1989 | clubs2 = → [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] (loan) | caps2 = 13 | goals2 = 3 | years3 = 1995–1998 | clubs3 = [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]] | caps3 = 72 | goals3 = 4 | years4 = 1998 | clubs4 = → [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 7 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 1998–1999 | clubs5 = [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] | caps5 = 10 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 1999–2001 | clubs6 = [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]] | caps6 = 47 | goals6 = 2 | years7 = 2001–2004 | clubs7 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]] | caps7 = 111 | goals7 = 13 | years8 = 2004–2005 | clubs8 = [[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 4 | totalcaps = 510 | totalgoals = 49 | nationalyears1 = 1991 | nationalteam1 = [[England national football team|England]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | manageryears1 = 2009–2015 | managerclubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] (U16s) | manageryears2 = 2015–2016 | managerclubs2 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] (first team coach) }} '''John Akin Salako''' Ni ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kejì ọdún 1969 ni à bii.O jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]], olùkọ́ni, àti onímọ̀ nípa eré ìdárayá ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tẹ́lẹ̀ri. A bí Salako ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó jẹ agbabọ́ọ̀lù ẹgbẹ tàbí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láàárín gbùngbùn, láàrin ọdún 1986 sí ọdún 2005. Ó kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì Premier League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bolton Wanderers àti ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic, nínú Football League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Swansea City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford . Salako kópa láti sójú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè England àgbà, ó sì gba ìfẹ́ - ẹyẹ márùn-ún, ní ọdún 1991 nígbà tí ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football/crystal-palace-fc/john-salako-7717/league-appearances_a17907/|title=John SALAKO – League appearances. – Crystal Palace FC|publisher=}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2005, wọ́n dìbò fún Salako gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún XI ti Palace. == Àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó yára tó sì ní èrò tó jinlẹ̀, Salako bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace ní àárín ọdún 1980, ó sì jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá òsì wọn nígbà tí wọ́n gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje First Division ní ọdún 1989. Ó tún wà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà nínú ìdíje FA Cup ọdún 1990, ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ tó ga jùlọ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gbà góólù 3-3 pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Manchester United kí wọ́n tó pàdánù àtún 1-0.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=119|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1989/1990 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> Ní ọdún kan lẹ́yìn náà, Salako ran Palace lọ́wọ́ láti dé ipò kẹta tó ga jùlọ ní ìdíje gíga ní àsìkò 1990-91, ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ méjì fún Eagles nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Manchester United nílé ní 3-0. Sibẹsibẹ, ipalara orúnkún líle kan tí ó ní nígbà tí wọ́n gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú Leeds United yọ ọ́ kúrò nínú ìdíje náà títí di àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e, nígbà tí Palace jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ olùdásílẹ̀ FA Premier League . Wọ́n parí ìdíje náà, pẹ̀lú Salako tí wọ́n máa ń gbé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú láàárín pẹ̀lú Chris Armstrong lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti tà Ian Wright àti Mark Bright . Salako ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti padà sí ipò gíga, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún padà sí ipò kejì ní àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n dé ìpele ìparí àwọn ife méjèèjì. Salako fi Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Palace sílẹ̀ ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 1995, ó sì fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City.<ref name="Soccerbase">{{Cite web |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979 |title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Age 49 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base |website=www.soccerbase.com |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> Ó lo ṣáá mẹ́ta pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry, títí kan ìgbà díẹ̀ tí ó fi darapo mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí Bolton Wanderers, kí ó tó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ Fulham nínú ìdíje Division Kejì. Nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ó gba bọ́ọ̀lù ní ìgbà méjì, lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní liigi pẹ̀lú Macclesfield, àti lẹ́ẹ̀kan nínú League Cup nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Cardiff City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10393~408155,00.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226194507/http://www.mtfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10393~408155%2C00.html |archivedate=26 February 2012 |title=Looking Back – 8th August 1998 |publisher=Macclesfield Town FC |date=8 August 1998 |accessdate=12 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn Fulham, ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic àti Reading, kí ó tó fẹ̀yìntì gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://footballstats.sportinglife.com/cgi-bin/results.pl?lang=english&year=1998&month=08&date=18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224054408/http://footballstats.sportinglife.com/cgi-bin/results.pl?lang=english&year=1998&month=08&date=18 |archivedate=24 February 2012 |title= Fixtures & Results Tuesday, 18 August 1998 |publisher= Sporting Life|date=18 August 2008 |accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2013/october/01/rewind-report |title=Rewind Report |publisher=Fulham FC|date=1 October 2013 |accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ olùkọ́ni == Ó ti ṣe olùkọ́ni fún ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún ní Crystal Palace tẹ́lẹ̀ láàárín ọdún 2009 sí 2015, ó sì ti ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Mark Bright,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpfc.co.uk/page/News/0,,10323~1790306,00.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224075535/http://www.cpfc.co.uk/page/News/0%2C%2C10323~1790306%2C00.html |archivedate=24 February 2012 |title=Palace Legends Join Academy Set Up |publisher=Crystal Palace FC |date=11 September 2009 |accessdate=12 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2015, wọ́n kéde rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ni ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ Crystal Palace, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi ibẹ̀ sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn àkókò kan ṣoṣo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/football/west-bromwich-albion/2015/10/09/ben-garner-joins-albion-coaching-staff/|title=Ben Garner to join Albion coaching staff|website=www.expressandstar.com|date=9 October 2015 |language=en|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ ìròyìn lórí ayélujára == Salako ti ṣiṣẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀ròyìn ọjọ́ ìdíje lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n [[Sky Sports]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://world.brentfordfc.co.uk/page/WhereAreTheyDetail/0,,10421~2347341,00.html|title=Brentford {{!}} News {{!}} Where Are They Now? {{!}} Where Are They Now? {{!}} WHERE ARE THEY NOW?|website=world.brentfordfc.co.uk|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Nígbà tí ó wà ní ọ̀dọ́langba, ó ń gbé ní Westerham, Kent, ó sì jẹ́ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ The Wildernesse ní Sevenoaks. Arákùnrin rẹ̀ Andy Salako náà jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó jẹ́ ògbóǹkangí. == Àwọnàmì-ẹ̀yẹ== === Gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù=== '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace''' * [[Football League First Division]]: [[1993–94 Crystal Palace F.C. season|1993–94]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.11v11.com/players/john-salako-2330/|title=John Salako|website=11v11.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |url=http://fchd.info/CRYSTALP.HTM |title=Football Club History Database – Crystal Palace |website=fchd.info |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> * [[Football League Second Division play-offs]]: [[1989 Football League Second Division play-off final|1989]]<ref name="FCHD" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.holmesdale.net/page.php?id=111&player=576|title=John Salako|last=www.holmesdale.net|first=Holmesdale Online|website=Holmesdale Online|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> *[[Full Members' Cup]]: [[1990–91 Full Members' Cup|1990–91]] '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham''' * [[Football League Second Division]]: [[1998–99 Fulham F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=128|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1998/1999 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/FULHAM.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Fulham|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic''' * Football League First Division: [[1999–2000 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=129|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1999/2000 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/CHARLTOA.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Charlton Athletic|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading''' * Football League Second Division runner-up: [[2001–02 Reading F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=131|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 2001/2002 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/READING.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Reading|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Aládàáni''' * [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace Young Player of the Year]]: 1986–87, 1987–88<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cpfc.co.uk/news/2016/may/young-player-of-the-year-a-history/|title=Crystal Palace FC Young Player of the Year: A History|access-date=14 February 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1969]] 96hsfgfhetzac3jc8sdd4igzvyi7cz4 624826 624792 2026-07-01T21:24:14Z Saidelo 33975 /* */ 624826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = John Salako | image = | full_name = John Akin Salako<ref>{{Worldfootball.net|john-salako|new_id=pe60461}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1969|2|11}} | birth_place = [[Ibadan]], Nigeria | height = 1.75 m<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salako, John Akin Salako - Footballer {{!}} BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j93977.html |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=www.bdfutbol.com}}</ref> | position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]], [[attacking midfielder]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Westerham Reds | youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = Westerham | youthyears3 = | youthclubs3 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] | years1 = 1986–1995 | clubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] | caps1 = 215 | goals1 = 22 | years2 = 1989 | clubs2 = → [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] (loan) | caps2 = 13 | goals2 = 3 | years3 = 1995–1998 | clubs3 = [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]] | caps3 = 72 | goals3 = 4 | years4 = 1998 | clubs4 = → [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 7 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 1998–1999 | clubs5 = [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] | caps5 = 10 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 1999–2001 | clubs6 = [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]] | caps6 = 47 | goals6 = 2 | years7 = 2001–2004 | clubs7 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]] | caps7 = 111 | goals7 = 13 | years8 = 2004–2005 | clubs8 = [[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 4 | totalcaps = 510 | totalgoals = 49 | nationalyears1 = 1991 | nationalteam1 = [[England national football team|England]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | manageryears1 = 2009–2015 | managerclubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] (U16s) | manageryears2 = 2015–2016 | managerclubs2 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] (first team coach) }} '''John Akin Salako''' Ni ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kejì ọdún 1969 ni à bii.O jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]], olùkọ́ni, àti onímọ̀ nípa eré ìdárayá ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tẹ́lẹ̀ri. A bí Salako ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó jẹ agbabọ́ọ̀lù ẹgbẹ tàbí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láàárín gbùngbùn, láàrin ọdún 1986 sí ọdún 2005. Ó kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì Premier League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bolton Wanderers àti ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic, nínú Football League fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Swansea City, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford . Salako kópa láti sójú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè England àgbà, ó sì gba ìfẹ́ - ẹyẹ márùn-ún, ní ọdún 1991 nígbà tí ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football/crystal-palace-fc/john-salako-7717/league-appearances_a17907/|title=John SALAKO – League appearances. – Crystal Palace FC|publisher=}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2005, wọ́n dìbò fún Salako gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún XI ti Palace. == Àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó yára tó sì ní èrò tó jinlẹ̀, Salako bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace ní àárín ọdún 1980, ó sì jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá òsì wọn nígbà tí wọ́n gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje First Division ní ọdún 1989. Ó tún wà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà nínú ìdíje FA Cup ọdún 1990, ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ tó ga jùlọ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gbà góólù 3-3 pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Manchester United kí wọ́n tó pàdánù àtún 1-0.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=119|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1989/1990 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> Ní ọdún kan lẹ́yìn náà, Salako ran Palace lọ́wọ́ láti dé ipò kẹta tó ga jùlọ ní ìdíje gíga ní àsìkò 1990-91, ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ méjì fún Eagles nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Manchester United nílé ní 3-0. Sibẹsibẹ, ipalara orúnkún líle kan tí ó ní nígbà tí wọ́n gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú Leeds United yọ ọ́ kúrò nínú ìdíje náà títí di àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e, nígbà tí Palace jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ olùdásílẹ̀ FA Premier League . Wọ́n parí ìdíje náà, pẹ̀lú Salako tí wọ́n máa ń gbé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú láàárín pẹ̀lú Chris Armstrong lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti tà Ian Wright àti Mark Bright . Salako ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti padà sí ipò gíga, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún padà sí ipò kejì ní àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n dé ìpele ìparí àwọn ife méjèèjì. Salako fi Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Palace sílẹ̀ ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 1995, ó sì fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City.<ref name="Soccerbase">{{Cite web |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979 |title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Age 49 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base |website=www.soccerbase.com |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> Ó lo ṣáá mẹ́ta pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry, títí kan ìgbà díẹ̀ tí ó fi darapo mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí Bolton Wanderers, kí ó tó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ Fulham nínú ìdíje Division Kejì. Nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ó gba bọ́ọ̀lù ní ìgbà méjì, lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní liigi pẹ̀lú Macclesfield, àti lẹ́ẹ̀kan nínú League Cup nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Cardiff City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10393~408155,00.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226194507/http://www.mtfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10393~408155%2C00.html |archivedate=26 February 2012 |title=Looking Back – 8th August 1998 |publisher=Macclesfield Town FC |date=8 August 1998 |accessdate=12 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn Fulham, ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic àti Reading, kí ó tó fẹ̀yìntì gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://footballstats.sportinglife.com/cgi-bin/results.pl?lang=english&year=1998&month=08&date=18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224054408/http://footballstats.sportinglife.com/cgi-bin/results.pl?lang=english&year=1998&month=08&date=18 |archivedate=24 February 2012 |title= Fixtures & Results Tuesday, 18 August 1998 |publisher= Sporting Life|date=18 August 2008 |accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2013/october/01/rewind-report |title=Rewind Report |publisher=Fulham FC|date=1 October 2013 |accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ olùkọ́ni == Ó ti ṣe olùkọ́ni fún ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún ní Crystal Palace tẹ́lẹ̀ láàárín ọdún 2009 sí 2015, ó sì ti ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Mark Bright,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpfc.co.uk/page/News/0,,10323~1790306,00.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224075535/http://www.cpfc.co.uk/page/News/0%2C%2C10323~1790306%2C00.html |archivedate=24 February 2012 |title=Palace Legends Join Academy Set Up |publisher=Crystal Palace FC |date=11 September 2009 |accessdate=12 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2015, wọ́n kéde rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ni ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ Crystal Palace, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi ibẹ̀ sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn àkókò kan ṣoṣo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/football/west-bromwich-albion/2015/10/09/ben-garner-joins-albion-coaching-staff/|title=Ben Garner to join Albion coaching staff|website=www.expressandstar.com|date=9 October 2015 |language=en|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ ìròyìn lórí ayélujára == Salako ti ṣiṣẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ rí gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀ròyìn ọjọ́ ìdíje lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n [[Sky Sports]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://world.brentfordfc.co.uk/page/WhereAreTheyDetail/0,,10421~2347341,00.html|title=Brentford {{!}} News {{!}} Where Are They Now? {{!}} Where Are They Now? {{!}} WHERE ARE THEY NOW?|website=world.brentfordfc.co.uk|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Nígbà tí ó wà ní ọ̀dọ́langba, ó ń gbé ní Westerham, Kent, ó sì jẹ́ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ The Wildernesse ní Sevenoaks. Arákùnrin rẹ̀ Andy Salako náà jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó jẹ́ ògbóǹkangí. == Àwọnàmì-ẹ̀yẹ== === Gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù=== '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace''' * [[Football League First Division]]: [[1993–94 Crystal Palace F.C. season|1993–94]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.11v11.com/players/john-salako-2330/|title=John Salako|website=11v11.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |url=http://fchd.info/CRYSTALP.HTM |title=Football Club History Database – Crystal Palace |website=fchd.info |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> * [[Football League Second Division play-offs]]: [[1989 Football League Second Division play-off final|1989]]<ref name="FCHD" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.holmesdale.net/page.php?id=111&player=576|title=John Salako|last=www.holmesdale.net|first=Holmesdale Online|website=Holmesdale Online|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> *[[Full Members' Cup]]: [[1990–91 Full Members' Cup|1990–91]] '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham''' * [[Football League Second Division]]: [[1998–99 Fulham F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=128|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1998/1999 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/FULHAM.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Fulham|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic''' * Football League First Division: [[1999–2000 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=129|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1999/2000 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/CHARLTOA.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Charlton Athletic|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading''' * Football League Second Division runner-up: [[2001–02 Reading F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=131|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 2001/2002 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/READING.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Reading|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Aládàáni''' * [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace Young Player of the Year]]: 1986–87, 1987–88<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cpfc.co.uk/news/2016/may/young-player-of-the-year-a-history/|title=Crystal Palace FC Young Player of the Year: A History|access-date=14 February 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1969]] e89sbpdghdcwd3s6xboi9csdfk2a4yj 624827 624826 2026-07-01T21:30:19Z Saidelo 33975 /* */ 624827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = John Salako | image = | full_name = John Akin Salako<ref>{{Worldfootball.net|john-salako|new_id=pe60461}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1969|2|11}} | birth_place = [[Ibadan]], Nigeria | height = 1.75 m<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salako, John Akin Salako - Footballer {{!}} BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j93977.html |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=www.bdfutbol.com}}</ref> | position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]], [[attacking midfielder]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Westerham Reds | youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = Westerham | youthyears3 = | youthclubs3 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] | years1 = 1986–1995 | clubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] | caps1 = 215 | goals1 = 22 | years2 = 1989 | clubs2 = → [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] (loan) | caps2 = 13 | goals2 = 3 | years3 = 1995–1998 | clubs3 = [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]] | caps3 = 72 | goals3 = 4 | years4 = 1998 | clubs4 = → [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 7 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 1998–1999 | clubs5 = [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] | caps5 = 10 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 1999–2001 | clubs6 = [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]] | caps6 = 47 | goals6 = 2 | years7 = 2001–2004 | clubs7 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]] | caps7 = 111 | goals7 = 13 | years8 = 2004–2005 | clubs8 = [[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 4 | totalcaps = 510 | totalgoals = 49 | nationalyears1 = 1991 | nationalteam1 = [[England national football team|England]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | manageryears1 = 2009–2015 | managerclubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] (U16s) | manageryears2 = 2015–2016 | managerclubs2 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] (first team coach) }} '''John Akin Salako''' Ni ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kejì ọdún 1969 ni à bii.O jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]], olùkọ́ni, àti onímọ̀ nípa eré ìdárayá ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tẹ́lẹ̀ri. A bí Salako ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó jẹ agbabọ́ọ̀lù ẹgbẹ tàbí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láàárín gbùngbùn ikọlu, láàrin ọdún 1986 sí ọdún 2005. Ó kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì Premier League fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace, ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City, ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bolton Wanderers àti ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic, nínú Football League fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Swansea City, ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading àti ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford . Salako kópa láti sójú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè England àgbà, ó sì gba ìfẹ́ - ẹyẹ márùn-ún, ní ọdún 1991 nígbà tí ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football/crystal-palace-fc/john-salako-7717/league-appearances_a17907/|title=John SALAKO – League appearances. – Crystal Palace FC|publisher=}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2005, wọ́n dìbò fún Salako gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún XI ti Palace. == Àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó yára tó sì ní èrò tó jinlẹ̀, Salako bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace ní àárín ọdún 1980, ó sì jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá òsì wọn nígbà tí wọ́n gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje First Division ní ọdún 1989. Ó tún wà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà nínú ìdíje FA Cup ọdún 1990, ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ tó ga jùlọ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gbà góólù 3-3 pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Manchester United kí wọ́n tó pàdánù àtún 1-0.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=119|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1989/1990 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> Ní ọdún kan lẹ́yìn náà, Salako ran Palace lọ́wọ́ láti dé ipò kẹta tó ga jùlọ ní ìdíje gíga ní àsìkò 1990-91, ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ méjì fún Eagles nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Manchester United nílé ní 3-0. Sibẹsibẹ, ipalara orúnkún líle kan tí ó ní nígbà tí wọ́n gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú Leeds United yọ ọ́ kúrò nínú ìdíje náà títí di àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e, nígbà tí Palace jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ olùdásílẹ̀ FA Premier League . Wọ́n parí ìdíje náà, pẹ̀lú Salako tí wọ́n máa ń gbé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú láàárín pẹ̀lú Chris Armstrong lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti tà Ian Wright àti Mark Bright . Salako ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti padà sí ipò gíga, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún padà sí ipò kejì ní àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n dé ìpele ìparí àwọn ife méjèèjì. Salako fi Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Palace sílẹ̀ ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 1995, ó sì fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City.<ref name="Soccerbase">{{Cite web |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979 |title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Age 49 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base |website=www.soccerbase.com |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> Ó lo ṣáá mẹ́ta pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry, títí kan ìgbà díẹ̀ tí ó fi darapo mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí Bolton Wanderers, kí ó tó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ Fulham nínú ìdíje Division Kejì. Nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ó gba bọ́ọ̀lù ní ìgbà méjì, lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní liigi pẹ̀lú Macclesfield, àti lẹ́ẹ̀kan nínú League Cup nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Cardiff City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10393~408155,00.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226194507/http://www.mtfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10393~408155%2C00.html |archivedate=26 February 2012 |title=Looking Back – 8th August 1998 |publisher=Macclesfield Town FC |date=8 August 1998 |accessdate=12 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn Fulham, ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic àti Reading, kí ó tó fẹ̀yìntì gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://footballstats.sportinglife.com/cgi-bin/results.pl?lang=english&year=1998&month=08&date=18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224054408/http://footballstats.sportinglife.com/cgi-bin/results.pl?lang=english&year=1998&month=08&date=18 |archivedate=24 February 2012 |title= Fixtures & Results Tuesday, 18 August 1998 |publisher= Sporting Life|date=18 August 2008 |accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2013/october/01/rewind-report |title=Rewind Report |publisher=Fulham FC|date=1 October 2013 |accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ olùkọ́ni == Ó ti ṣe olùkọ́ni fún ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún ní Crystal Palace tẹ́lẹ̀ láàárín ọdún 2009 sí 2015, ó sì ti ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Mark Bright,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpfc.co.uk/page/News/0,,10323~1790306,00.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224075535/http://www.cpfc.co.uk/page/News/0%2C%2C10323~1790306%2C00.html |archivedate=24 February 2012 |title=Palace Legends Join Academy Set Up |publisher=Crystal Palace FC |date=11 September 2009 |accessdate=12 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2015, wọ́n kéde rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ni ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ Crystal Palace, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi ibẹ̀ sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn àkókò kan ṣoṣo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/football/west-bromwich-albion/2015/10/09/ben-garner-joins-albion-coaching-staff/|title=Ben Garner to join Albion coaching staff|website=www.expressandstar.com|date=9 October 2015 |language=en|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ ìròyìn lórí ayélujára == Salako ti ṣiṣẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ rí gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀ròyìn ọjọ́ ìdíje lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n [[Sky Sports]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://world.brentfordfc.co.uk/page/WhereAreTheyDetail/0,,10421~2347341,00.html|title=Brentford {{!}} News {{!}} Where Are They Now? {{!}} Where Are They Now? {{!}} WHERE ARE THEY NOW?|website=world.brentfordfc.co.uk|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Nígbà tí ó wà ní ọ̀dọ́langba, ó ń gbé ní Westerham, Kent, ó sì jẹ́ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ The Wildernesse ní Sevenoaks. Arákùnrin rẹ̀ Andy Salako náà jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó jẹ́ ògbóǹkangí. == Àwọnàmì-ẹ̀yẹ== === Gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù=== '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace''' * [[Football League First Division]]: [[1993–94 Crystal Palace F.C. season|1993–94]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.11v11.com/players/john-salako-2330/|title=John Salako|website=11v11.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |url=http://fchd.info/CRYSTALP.HTM |title=Football Club History Database – Crystal Palace |website=fchd.info |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> * [[Football League Second Division play-offs]]: [[1989 Football League Second Division play-off final|1989]]<ref name="FCHD" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.holmesdale.net/page.php?id=111&player=576|title=John Salako|last=www.holmesdale.net|first=Holmesdale Online|website=Holmesdale Online|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> *[[Full Members' Cup]]: [[1990–91 Full Members' Cup|1990–91]] '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham''' * [[Football League Second Division]]: [[1998–99 Fulham F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=128|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1998/1999 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/FULHAM.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Fulham|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic''' * Football League First Division: [[1999–2000 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=129|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1999/2000 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/CHARLTOA.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Charlton Athletic|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading''' * Football League Second Division runner-up: [[2001–02 Reading F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=131|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 2001/2002 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/READING.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Reading|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Aládàáni''' * [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace Young Player of the Year]]: 1986–87, 1987–88<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cpfc.co.uk/news/2016/may/young-player-of-the-year-a-history/|title=Crystal Palace FC Young Player of the Year: A History|access-date=14 February 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1969]] lo9201fn2vmevasmoutdrsu929j23ti 624831 624827 2026-07-01T21:35:48Z Saidelo 33975 /* */ 624831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = John Salako | image = | full_name = John Akin Salako<ref>{{Worldfootball.net|john-salako|new_id=pe60461}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1969|2|11}} | birth_place = [[Ibadan]], Nigeria | height = 1.75 m<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salako, John Akin Salako - Footballer {{!}} BDFutbol |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j93977.html |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=www.bdfutbol.com}}</ref> | position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]], [[attacking midfielder]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Westerham Reds | youthyears2 = | youthclubs2 = Westerham | youthyears3 = | youthclubs3 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] | years1 = 1986–1995 | clubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] | caps1 = 215 | goals1 = 22 | years2 = 1989 | clubs2 = → [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] (loan) | caps2 = 13 | goals2 = 3 | years3 = 1995–1998 | clubs3 = [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]] | caps3 = 72 | goals3 = 4 | years4 = 1998 | clubs4 = → [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]] (loan) | caps4 = 7 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 1998–1999 | clubs5 = [[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] | caps5 = 10 | goals5 = 1 | years6 = 1999–2001 | clubs6 = [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]] | caps6 = 47 | goals6 = 2 | years7 = 2001–2004 | clubs7 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]] | caps7 = 111 | goals7 = 13 | years8 = 2004–2005 | clubs8 = [[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]] | caps8 = 35 | goals8 = 4 | totalcaps = 510 | totalgoals = 49 | nationalyears1 = 1991 | nationalteam1 = [[England national football team|England]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | manageryears1 = 2009–2015 | managerclubs1 = [[Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy|Crystal Palace]] (U16s) | manageryears2 = 2015–2016 | managerclubs2 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] (first team coach) }} '''John Akin Salako''' Ni ọjọ́ kọkànlá oṣù kejì ọdún 1969 ni à bii.O jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]], olùkọ́ni, àti onímọ̀ nípa eré ìdárayá ní ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì tẹ́lẹ̀ri. A bí Salako ní orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó jẹ agbabọ́ọ̀lù ẹgbẹ tàbí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láàárín gbùngbùn ikọlu, láàrin ọdún 1986 sí ọdún 2005. Ó kópa nínú ìdíje líìgì Premier League fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace, ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City, ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bolton Wanderers àti ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic, nínú Football League fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Swansea City, ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading àti ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford . Salako kópa láti sójú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè England àgbà, ó sì gba ìfẹ́ - ẹyẹ márùn-ún, ní ọdún 1991 nígbà tí ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football/crystal-palace-fc/john-salako-7717/league-appearances_a17907/|title=John SALAKO – League appearances. – Crystal Palace FC|publisher=}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2005, wọ́n dìbò fún Salako gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ ọgọ́rùn-ún ọdún XI ti Palace. == Àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó yára tó sì ní èrò tó jinlẹ̀, Salako bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace ní àárín ọdún 1980, ó sì jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù apá òsì wọn nígbà tí wọ́n gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje First Division ní ọdún 1989. Ó tún wà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà nínú ìdíje FA Cup ọdún 1990, ó gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ tó ga jùlọ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n gbà góólù 3-3 pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Manchester United kí wọ́n tó pàdánù àtún 1-0.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=119|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1989/1990 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> Ní ọdún kan lẹ́yìn náà, Salako ran Palace lọ́wọ́ láti dé ipò kẹta tó ga jùlọ ní ìdíje gíga ní àsìkò 1990-91, ó sì gba àmì-ẹ̀yẹ méjì fún Eagles nígbà tí wọ́n ṣẹ́gun Manchester United nílé ní 3-0. Sibẹsibẹ, ipalara orúnkún líle kan tí ó ní nígbà tí wọ́n gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú Leeds United yọ ọ́ kúrò nínú ìdíje náà títí di àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e, nígbà tí Palace jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ olùdásílẹ̀ FA Premier League . Wọ́n parí ìdíje náà, pẹ̀lú Salako tí wọ́n máa ń gbé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú láàárín pẹ̀lú Chris Armstrong lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ti tà Ian Wright àti Mark Bright . Salako ràn wọ́n lọ́wọ́ láti padà sí ipò gíga, ṣùgbọ́n wọ́n tún padà sí ipò kejì ní àkókò tó tẹ̀lé e bó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé wọ́n dé ìpele ìparí àwọn ife méjèèjì. Salako fi Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Palace sílẹ̀ ní ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 1995, ó sì fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry City.<ref name="Soccerbase">{{Cite web |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979 |title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Age 49 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base |website=www.soccerbase.com |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> Ó lo ṣáá mẹ́ta pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Coventry, títí kan ìgbà díẹ̀ tí ó fi darapo mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí Bolton Wanderers, kí ó tó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ Fulham nínú ìdíje Division Kejì. Nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham, ó gba bọ́ọ̀lù ní ìgbà méjì, lẹ́ẹ̀kan ní liigi pẹ̀lú Macclesfield, àti lẹ́ẹ̀kan nínú League Cup nígbà tí wọ́n kojú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Cardiff City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10393~408155,00.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226194507/http://www.mtfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10393~408155%2C00.html |archivedate=26 February 2012 |title=Looking Back – 8th August 1998 |publisher=Macclesfield Town FC |date=8 August 1998 |accessdate=12 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lẹ́yìn Fulham, ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic àti Reading, kí ó tó fẹ̀yìntì gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brentford.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://footballstats.sportinglife.com/cgi-bin/results.pl?lang=english&year=1998&month=08&date=18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224054408/http://footballstats.sportinglife.com/cgi-bin/results.pl?lang=english&year=1998&month=08&date=18 |archivedate=24 February 2012 |title= Fixtures & Results Tuesday, 18 August 1998 |publisher= Sporting Life|date=18 August 2008 |accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2013/october/01/rewind-report |title=Rewind Report |publisher=Fulham FC|date=1 October 2013 |accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ olùkọ́ni == Ó ti ṣe olùkọ́ni fún ẹgbẹ́ àwọn ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rìndínlógún ní Crystal Palace tẹ́lẹ̀ láàárín ọdún 2009 sí 2015, ó sì ti ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Mark Bright,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpfc.co.uk/page/News/0,,10323~1790306,00.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224075535/http://www.cpfc.co.uk/page/News/0%2C%2C10323~1790306%2C00.html |archivedate=24 February 2012 |title=Palace Legends Join Academy Set Up |publisher=Crystal Palace FC |date=11 September 2009 |accessdate=12 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2015, wọ́n kéde rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí olùkọ́ni ẹgbẹ́ àkọ́kọ́ Crystal Palace, ṣùgbọ́n ó fi ibẹ̀ sílẹ̀ lẹ́yìn àkókò kan ṣoṣo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/football/west-bromwich-albion/2015/10/09/ben-garner-joins-albion-coaching-staff/|title=Ben Garner to join Albion coaching staff|website=www.expressandstar.com|date=9 October 2015 |language=en|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ ìròyìn lórí ayélujára == Salako ti ṣiṣẹ́ tẹ́lẹ̀ rí gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọ̀ròyìn ọjọ́ ìdíje lórí tẹlifíṣọ̀n [[Sky Sports]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://world.brentfordfc.co.uk/page/WhereAreTheyDetail/0,,10421~2347341,00.html|title=Brentford {{!}} News {{!}} Where Are They Now? {{!}} Where Are They Now? {{!}} WHERE ARE THEY NOW?|website=world.brentfordfc.co.uk|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Nígbà tí ó wà ní ọ̀dọ́langba, ó ń gbé ní Westerham, Kent, ó sì jẹ́ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ The Wildernesse ní Sevenoaks. Arákùnrin rẹ̀ Andy Salako náà jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó jẹ́ ògbóǹkangí. == Àwọnàmì-ẹ̀yẹ== === Gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù=== '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Crystal Palace''' * [[Football League First Division]]: [[1993–94 Crystal Palace F.C. season|1993–94]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.11v11.com/players/john-salako-2330/|title=John Salako|website=11v11.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |url=http://fchd.info/CRYSTALP.HTM |title=Football Club History Database – Crystal Palace |website=fchd.info |access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> * [[Football League Second Division play-offs]]: [[1989 Football League Second Division play-off final|1989]]<ref name="FCHD" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.holmesdale.net/page.php?id=111&player=576|title=John Salako|last=www.holmesdale.net|first=Holmesdale Online|website=Holmesdale Online|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> *[[Full Members' Cup]]: [[1990–91 Full Members' Cup|1990–91]] '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Fulham''' * [[Football League Second Division]]: [[1998–99 Fulham F.C. season|1998–99]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=128|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1998/1999 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/FULHAM.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Fulham|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Charlton Athletic''' * Football League First Division: [[1999–2000 Charlton Athletic F.C. season|1999–2000]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=129|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 1999/2000 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/CHARLTOA.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Charlton Athletic|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Reading''' * Football League Second Division runner-up: [[2001–02 Reading F.C. season|2001–02]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=6979&season_id=131|title=John Salako {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Season 2001/2002 {{!}} 1986–2005 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fchd.info/READING.HTM|title=Football Club History Database – Reading|website=fchd.info|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> '''Aládàáni''' * [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace Young Player of the Year]]: 1986–87, 1987–88<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cpfc.co.uk/news/2016/may/young-player-of-the-year-a-history/|title=Crystal Palace FC Young Player of the Year: A History|access-date=14 February 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref> ==Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1969]] bx4lirrixr2eah30oojub2nadn54zo6 0 80782 624806 2026-07-01T20:48:19Z Royalesignature 26633 O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361447955|Felix Owolabi]]" 624806 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Felix Owolabi''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlélógún oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 1956) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tó ti fẹ̀yìntì tó sì gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] . Ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún orílẹ̀èdè Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 1978 nínú ìdíje African Cup of Nations àti nínú ìdíje [[Àwọn Ìdíje Òlímpíkì Ìgbà Oru 1980|Olympics ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 1980.]] Ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tó ṣe ipò kẹta nínú ìdíje African Cup of Nations ní ọdún 1978 ó sì gba ìfẹ́ ẹ̀yẹ ìdíje African Cup of Nations ní ọdún 1980 . Ó ní ìwé ẹ̀rí gẹ́gẹ́bíi dókítà nínú ẹ̀kọ́ ara, Owo-blow gẹ́gẹ́ bí wọ́n ṣe ń pè é, ó tún gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kaduna Rocks (ti Kaduna), Raccah Rovers ti Kano, àti [[Shooting Stars S.C.|IICC Shooting Stars]] (ti Ibadan). Ó wà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà fún ọdún mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún, láàrin àkókò náà di ọdún ọdún 1992, ó gba ìfẹ́ ẹ̀yẹ tí a mọ̀ sí CAF Cup (tí a mọ̀ sí CAF Confederation Cup báyìí). Yàtọ̀ sí wípé ohùn gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà, ó tún ran àwọn aláṣẹ ikọ̀ náà láti ṣe alábòójútó síwájú kí wọ́n tó mú òpin bá àdéhùn rẹ pẹlu ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <references /> [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1956]] nupf49wwv5zkt051krp75wg3y81xilm 624808 624806 2026-07-01T20:49:35Z Royalesignature 26633 624808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Nigerian footballer}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}} {{Infobox football biography | name = Felix Owolobi | image = | caption = | fullname = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|1|24|df=y}} | birth_place = Nigeria | death_date = | height = 1.65m<ref name="wf">{{cite web |title=Felix Owolabi |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe337821/felix-owolabi/ |website=worldfootball.net |access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref> | position = [[Midfielder]]<ref name="wf"/> | years1 = | clubs1 = [[Raccah Rovers of Kano]] | caps1 = -|goals1 = - | years2 = | clubs2 = [[Shooting Stars S.C.|IICC Shooting Stars]] | caps2 = -|goals2 = - | nationalyears1 = 1978–1982| nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]]| nationalcaps1 = 35 | nationalgoals1 = 2 }} '''Felix Owolabi''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlélógún oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 1956) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tó ti fẹ̀yìntì tó sì gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] . Ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún orílẹ̀èdè Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 1978 nínú ìdíje African Cup of Nations àti nínú ìdíje [[Àwọn Ìdíje Òlímpíkì Ìgbà Oru 1980|Olympics ìgbà ẹ̀ẹ̀rùn ọdún 1980.]] Ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tó ṣe ipò kẹta nínú ìdíje African Cup of Nations ní ọdún 1978 ó sì gba ìfẹ́ ẹ̀yẹ ìdíje African Cup of Nations ní ọdún 1980 . Ó ní ìwé ẹ̀rí gẹ́gẹ́bíi dókítà nínú ẹ̀kọ́ ara, Owo-blow gẹ́gẹ́ bí wọ́n ṣe ń pè é, ó tún gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kaduna Rocks (ti Kaduna), Raccah Rovers ti Kano, àti [[Shooting Stars S.C.|IICC Shooting Stars]] (ti Ibadan). Ó wà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà fún ọdún mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dógún, láàrin àkókò náà di ọdún ọdún 1992, ó gba ìfẹ́ ẹ̀yẹ tí a mọ̀ sí CAF Cup (tí a mọ̀ sí CAF Confederation Cup báyìí). Yàtọ̀ sí wípé ohùn gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà, ó tún ran àwọn aláṣẹ ikọ̀ náà láti ṣe alábòójútó síwájú kí wọ́n tó mú òpin bá àdéhùn rẹ pẹlu ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <references /> [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1956]] kkw2pw2xnny6wfv2xzzct10fmn24mi7 0 80783 624813 2026-07-01T20:56:58Z Royalesignature 26633 O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344740036|Solomon Kwambe]]" 624813 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Solomon Sesugh Kwambe''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1993) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù àárín gbùngbùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Lobi Stars FC|Lobi Stars]] . == Ìkópa nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé == Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ nígbà tí orile-ede [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà]] kojú ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti orílẹ̀èdè Niger eré ọ̀rẹ́ kan ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2012. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Niger hold Eagles to 0–0 draw|url=http://www.punchng.com/sports/niger-hold-eagles-to-0-0-draw/|access-date=16 August 2012|date=16 August 2012}}</ref> Wọ́n yàn án fún ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun Nàìjíríà ní ìdíje FIFA Confederations Cup ti ọdún 2013. Wọ́n pe Solomon Kwambe sí ẹgbẹ́ ọmọ ogun mẹ́tàlélógún ti Nàìjíríà fún ìdíje African Nations Championship ti ọdún 2014. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1993]] p4ylfuvc89exeiton6yjf0f3v996i4v 624814 624813 2026-07-01T21:00:47Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Ìkópa nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé */ 624814 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Solomon Sesugh Kwambe''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1993) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù àárín gbùngbùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Lobi Stars FC|Lobi Stars]] . == Ìkópa nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé == Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ nígbà tí orile-ede [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà]] kojú ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti orílẹ̀èdè Niger nínú ìdíje oloọ̀rẹ́ kan ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2012. O wà lára àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí wọ́n yàn láti sójú orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje FIFA Confederations Cup ti ọdún 2013. Wọ́n pe Solomon Kwambe láti dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù mẹ́tàlélógún ti wọn sójú orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà fún ìdíje African Nations Championship ti ọdún 2014. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1993]] k8lfuxibhn6kak8u78jiko8lsi8217c 624815 624814 2026-07-01T21:03:25Z Royalesignature 26633 624815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Solomon Kwambe | image = | caption = | fullname = Solomon Sesugh Kwambe | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1993|9|30}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/solomon-kwambe/248806/|title=Nigeria - S. Kwambe - Profile with news, career statistics and history|website=soccerway.com|publisher=Soccerway|accessdate=26 March 2020}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Benue State]], Nigeria | height = 1.87 m | position = [[Defender (association football)|Centre back]] | currentclub = [[Lobi Stars F.C.|Lobi Stars]] | clubnumber = 31 | youthyears1 = 2008–2010 | youthclubs1 = [[Mighty Jets F.C.|Mighty Jets]] | years1 = 2010–2012 | clubs1 = [[Plateau United F.C.|Plateau United]] | caps1 = 43 | goals1 = 5 | years2 = 2012–2015 | clubs2 = [[Sunshine Stars F.C.|Sunshine Stars]] | caps2 = 61 | goals2 = 8 | years3 = 2013–2014 | clubs3 = → [[Warri Wolves]] (loan) | caps3 = 7 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2016–2020 | clubs4 = [[Lobi Stars F.C.|Lobi Stars]] | caps4 = 70 | goals4 = 5 | years5 = 2020–2021 | clubs5 = [[FC Tulsa]] | caps5 = 15 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2021– | clubs6 = [[Lobi Stars F.C.|Lobi Stars]] | caps6 = 49 | goals6 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2012–2015 | nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] | nationalcaps1 = 15 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | medaltemplates = | club-update = 12:49, 20 July 2025 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = }}   '''Solomon Sesugh Kwambe''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1993) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù àárín gbùngbùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Lobi Stars FC|Lobi Stars]] . == Ìkópa nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé == Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ nígbà tí orile-ede [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà]] kojú ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti orílẹ̀èdè Niger nínú ìdíje oloọ̀rẹ́ kan ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2012. O wà lára àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí wọ́n yàn láti sójú orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje FIFA Confederations Cup ti ọdún 2013. Wọ́n pe Solomon Kwambe láti dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù mẹ́tàlélógún ti wọn sójú orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà fún ìdíje African Nations Championship ti ọdún 2014. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1993]] el50bjwpgweajkkyxt19qydt4gnjndg 624816 624815 2026-07-01T21:04:38Z Royalesignature 26633 624816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Solomon Kwambe | image = | caption = | fullname = Solomon Sesugh Kwambe | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1993|9|30}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/solomon-kwambe/248806/|title=Nigeria - S. Kwambe - Profile with news, career statistics and history|website=soccerway.com|publisher=Soccerway|accessdate=26 March 2020}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Benue State]], Nigeria | height = 1.87 m | position = [[Defender (association football)|Centre back]] | currentclub = [[Lobi Stars F.C.|Lobi Stars]] | clubnumber = 31 | youthyears1 = 2008–2010 | youthclubs1 = [[Mighty Jets F.C.|Mighty Jets]] | years1 = 2010–2012 | clubs1 = [[Plateau United F.C.|Plateau United]] | caps1 = 43 | goals1 = 5 | years2 = 2012–2015 | clubs2 = [[Sunshine Stars F.C.|Sunshine Stars]] | caps2 = 61 | goals2 = 8 | years3 = 2013–2014 | clubs3 = → [[Warri Wolves]] (loan) | caps3 = 7 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2016–2020 | clubs4 = [[Lobi Stars F.C.|Lobi Stars]] | caps4 = 70 | goals4 = 5 | years5 = 2020–2021 | clubs5 = [[FC Tulsa]] | caps5 = 15 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2021– | clubs6 = [[Lobi Stars F.C.|Lobi Stars]] | caps6 = 49 | goals6 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2012–2015 | nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] | nationalcaps1 = 15 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | medaltemplates = | club-update = 12:49, 20 July 2025 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = }}   '''Solomon Sesugh Kwambe''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1993) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù àárín gbùngbùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Lobi Stars FC|Lobi Stars]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4111/npfl/2016/02/04/19993412/solomon-kwambe-looking-to-make-up-for-lost-time-at-lobi|title=Solomon Kwambe looking to make up for lost time at Lobi Stars {{!}} Goal.com|website=www.goal.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-14}}</ref> == Ìkópa nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé == Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ nígbà tí orile-ede [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà]] kojú ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti orílẹ̀èdè Niger nínú ìdíje oloọ̀rẹ́ kan ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2012. O wà lára àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí wọ́n yàn láti sójú orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje FIFA Confederations Cup ti ọdún 2013. Wọ́n pe Solomon Kwambe láti dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù mẹ́tàlélógún ti wọn sójú orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà fún ìdíje African Nations Championship ti ọdún 2014. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1993]] h7l7z52mbrwniu2acp6ig07xb0ra5jo 624817 624816 2026-07-01T21:06:12Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Ìkópa nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé */ 624817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Solomon Kwambe | image = | caption = | fullname = Solomon Sesugh Kwambe | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1993|9|30}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/solomon-kwambe/248806/|title=Nigeria - S. Kwambe - Profile with news, career statistics and history|website=soccerway.com|publisher=Soccerway|accessdate=26 March 2020}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Benue State]], Nigeria | height = 1.87 m | position = [[Defender (association football)|Centre back]] | currentclub = [[Lobi Stars F.C.|Lobi Stars]] | clubnumber = 31 | youthyears1 = 2008–2010 | youthclubs1 = [[Mighty Jets F.C.|Mighty Jets]] | years1 = 2010–2012 | clubs1 = [[Plateau United F.C.|Plateau United]] | caps1 = 43 | goals1 = 5 | years2 = 2012–2015 | clubs2 = [[Sunshine Stars F.C.|Sunshine Stars]] | caps2 = 61 | goals2 = 8 | years3 = 2013–2014 | clubs3 = → [[Warri Wolves]] (loan) | caps3 = 7 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2016–2020 | clubs4 = [[Lobi Stars F.C.|Lobi Stars]] | caps4 = 70 | goals4 = 5 | years5 = 2020–2021 | clubs5 = [[FC Tulsa]] | caps5 = 15 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2021– | clubs6 = [[Lobi Stars F.C.|Lobi Stars]] | caps6 = 49 | goals6 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2012–2015 | nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] | nationalcaps1 = 15 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | medaltemplates = | club-update = 12:49, 20 July 2025 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = }}   '''Solomon Sesugh Kwambe''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ ọgbọ̀n oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 1993) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù àárín gbùngbùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Lobi Stars FC|Lobi Stars]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4111/npfl/2016/02/04/19993412/solomon-kwambe-looking-to-make-up-for-lost-time-at-lobi|title=Solomon Kwambe looking to make up for lost time at Lobi Stars {{!}} Goal.com|website=www.goal.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-14}}</ref> == Ìkópa nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé == Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù aláfẹsẹ̀gbá rẹ̀ fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ nígbà tí orile-ede [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà]] kojú ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti orílẹ̀èdè Niger nínú ìdíje oloọ̀rẹ́ kan ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Niger hold Eagles to 0–0 draw|url=http://www.punchng.com/sports/niger-hold-eagles-to-0-0-draw/|accessdate=16 August 2012|date=16 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> O wà lára àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù tí wọ́n yàn láti sójú orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje FIFA Confederations Cup ti ọdún 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22827902|title=Nigeria to take new-look squad to Confederations Cup|date=9 June 2013|access-date=10 June 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Wọ́n pe Solomon Kwambe láti dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù mẹ́tàlélógún ti wọn sójú orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà fún ìdíje African Nations Championship ti ọdún 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria announce 23-man CHAN squad {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/5720/african-nations-championship-chan/2014/01/01/4514155/nigeria-announce-23-man-chan-squad|access-date=2021-06-01|website=www.goal.com}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1993]] nhcmfzey7x3td58bk1az7ltb8ybxqk1 0 80784 624819 2026-07-01T21:13:17Z Royalesignature 26633 O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1270532153|Henry Uche]]" 624819 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Henry Iffanyi Uche''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 1990) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù àgbáyé]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù àárín gbùngbùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù AFC Leopards . == Ìṣe == === Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ === Lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Shooting Stars S.C.|Shooting Stars]] àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Enyimba FC|Enyimba]], Uche lọ dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù FK Kukësi ti ìlú Albania ní oṣù kìíní ọdún 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=10 February 2014}}</ref> Uche fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù AFC Leopards ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2017. Ó ṣe ìfarahàn fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ fún orílẹ̀-èdè [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé]] ní ọdún 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=22 February 2014}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1990]] as94v6l4ifubfsrm2veb02q72gfywd1 624820 624819 2026-07-01T21:15:44Z Royalesignature 26633 624820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Henry Uche |image = |image_size = |caption = |fullname = Henry Iffanyi Uche<ref name = "SW"/> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|8|18|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Umuahia]], Nigeria<ref name = "NFT"/> |height = {{height|m=1.74}}<ref name = "NFT"/> |position = [[Midfielder]] |currentclub = [[A.F.C. Leopards|AFC Leopards]] |clubnumber = |youthyears1 = |youthclubs1 = [[Shooting Stars SC|Shooting Stars]] |years1 = 2010–2014 |clubs1 = [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 2014 |clubs2 = [[FK Kukësi]]<ref name = "SW"/> |caps2 = 11 |goals2 = 0 |years3 = 2014–2017 |clubs3 = [[Shooting Stars SC|Shooting Stars]] |caps3 = |goals3 = |years4 = 2017– |clubs4 = [[A.F.C. Leopards|AFC Leopards]] |caps4 = |goals4 = |nationalyears1 = 2012– |nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]]<ref name = "NFT"/> |nationalcaps1 = 5 |nationalgoals1 = 0 |club-update = 18:27, 20 February 2018 (UTC) |ntupdate = 18:33, 9 February 2015 (UTC) }} '''Henry Iffanyi Uche''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 1990) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù àgbáyé]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù àárín gbùngbùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù AFC Leopards . == Ìṣe == === Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ === Lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Shooting Stars S.C.|Shooting Stars]] àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Enyimba FC|Enyimba]], Uche lọ dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù FK Kukësi ti ìlú Albania ní oṣù kìíní ọdún 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=10 February 2014}}</ref> Uche fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù AFC Leopards ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2017. Ó ṣe ìfarahàn fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ fún orílẹ̀-èdè [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé]] ní ọdún 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=22 February 2014}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1990]] 7gwts8c5u5wfzct4xx3f37dycoqv6dp 624821 624820 2026-07-01T21:18:58Z Royalesignature 26633 624821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Henry Uche |image = |image_size = |caption = |fullname = Henry Iffanyi Uche<ref name = "SW"/> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|8|18|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Umuahia]], Nigeria<ref name = "NFT"/> |height = {{height|m=1.74}}<ref name = "NFT"/> |position = [[Midfielder]] |currentclub = [[A.F.C. Leopards|AFC Leopards]] |clubnumber = |youthyears1 = |youthclubs1 = [[Shooting Stars SC|Shooting Stars]] |years1 = 2010–2014 |clubs1 = [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 2014 |clubs2 = [[FK Kukësi]]<ref name = "SW"/> |caps2 = 11 |goals2 = 0 |years3 = 2014–2017 |clubs3 = [[Shooting Stars SC|Shooting Stars]] |caps3 = |goals3 = |years4 = 2017– |clubs4 = [[A.F.C. Leopards|AFC Leopards]] |caps4 = |goals4 = |nationalyears1 = 2012– |nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]]<ref name = "NFT"/> |nationalcaps1 = 5 |nationalgoals1 = 0 |club-update = 18:27, 20 February 2018 (UTC) |ntupdate = 18:33, 9 February 2015 (UTC) }} '''Henry Iffanyi Uche''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 1990) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù àgbáyé]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù àárín gbùngbùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù AFC Leopards.<ref name = "SW">{{soccerway|henry-uche/208004|accessdate=9 February 2015}}</ref> == Ìṣe == === Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ === Lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Shooting Stars S.C.|Shooting Stars]] àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Enyimba FC|Enyimba]], Uche lọ dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù FK Kukësi ti ìlú Albania ní oṣù kìíní ọdún 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=10 February 2014}}</ref> Uche fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù AFC Leopards ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2017. Ó ṣe ìfarahàn fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ fún orílẹ̀-èdè [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé]] ní ọdún 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=22 February 2014}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1990]] 75ewslu7w7acs5s7b9ubbn8pbz9tllp 624822 624821 2026-07-01T21:20:12Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ */ 624822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Henry Uche |image = |image_size = |caption = |fullname = Henry Iffanyi Uche<ref name = "SW"/> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|8|18|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Umuahia]], Nigeria<ref name = "NFT"/> |height = {{height|m=1.74}}<ref name = "NFT"/> |position = [[Midfielder]] |currentclub = [[A.F.C. Leopards|AFC Leopards]] |clubnumber = |youthyears1 = |youthclubs1 = [[Shooting Stars SC|Shooting Stars]] |years1 = 2010–2014 |clubs1 = [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 2014 |clubs2 = [[FK Kukësi]]<ref name = "SW"/> |caps2 = 11 |goals2 = 0 |years3 = 2014–2017 |clubs3 = [[Shooting Stars SC|Shooting Stars]] |caps3 = |goals3 = |years4 = 2017– |clubs4 = [[A.F.C. Leopards|AFC Leopards]] |caps4 = |goals4 = |nationalyears1 = 2012– |nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]]<ref name = "NFT"/> |nationalcaps1 = 5 |nationalgoals1 = 0 |club-update = 18:27, 20 February 2018 (UTC) |ntupdate = 18:33, 9 February 2015 (UTC) }} '''Henry Iffanyi Uche''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 1990) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù àgbáyé]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù àárín gbùngbùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù AFC Leopards.<ref name = "SW">{{soccerway|henry-uche/208004|accessdate=9 February 2015}}</ref> == Ìṣe == === Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ === Lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Shooting Stars S.C.|Shooting Stars]] àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Enyimba FC|Enyimba]],<ref name = "NFT">{{NFT player|pid=47333|accessdate=9 February 2015}}</ref> Uche lọ dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù FK Kukësi ti ìlú Albania ní oṣù kìíní ọdún 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigeria/2013/01/16/3675726/enyimba-to-henry-uche-you-cant-do-without-us|title=Enyimba to Henry Uche: You can't do without us|date=16 January 2014|accessdate=12 February 2014|author=Kolade Oni|publisher=Goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/enyimba-to-cash-in-on-henry-uche-transfer.html|title=Enyimba to cash in on Henry Uche transfer|date=6 February 2014|accessdate=12 February 2014|publisher=MTN Football|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210020915/http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/enyimba-to-cash-in-on-henry-uche-transfer.html|archive-date=10 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Uche fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù AFC Leopards ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2017. Ó ṣe ìfarahàn fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ fún orílẹ̀-èdè [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé]] ní ọdún 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=22 February 2014}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1990]] rwzisp156roruan5fu6ccohp57mbid4 624823 624822 2026-07-01T21:20:58Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Àwọn ìtọ́kasí */ 624823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Henry Uche |image = |image_size = |caption = |fullname = Henry Iffanyi Uche<ref name = "SW"/> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|8|18|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Umuahia]], Nigeria<ref name = "NFT"/> |height = {{height|m=1.74}}<ref name = "NFT"/> |position = [[Midfielder]] |currentclub = [[A.F.C. Leopards|AFC Leopards]] |clubnumber = |youthyears1 = |youthclubs1 = [[Shooting Stars SC|Shooting Stars]] |years1 = 2010–2014 |clubs1 = [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 2014 |clubs2 = [[FK Kukësi]]<ref name = "SW"/> |caps2 = 11 |goals2 = 0 |years3 = 2014–2017 |clubs3 = [[Shooting Stars SC|Shooting Stars]] |caps3 = |goals3 = |years4 = 2017– |clubs4 = [[A.F.C. Leopards|AFC Leopards]] |caps4 = |goals4 = |nationalyears1 = 2012– |nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]]<ref name = "NFT"/> |nationalcaps1 = 5 |nationalgoals1 = 0 |club-update = 18:27, 20 February 2018 (UTC) |ntupdate = 18:33, 9 February 2015 (UTC) }} '''Henry Iffanyi Uche''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 1990) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù àgbáyé]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù àárín gbùngbùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù AFC Leopards.<ref name = "SW">{{soccerway|henry-uche/208004|accessdate=9 February 2015}}</ref> == Ìṣe == === Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ === Lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Shooting Stars S.C.|Shooting Stars]] àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Enyimba FC|Enyimba]],<ref name = "NFT">{{NFT player|pid=47333|accessdate=9 February 2015}}</ref> Uche lọ dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù FK Kukësi ti ìlú Albania ní oṣù kìíní ọdún 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigeria/2013/01/16/3675726/enyimba-to-henry-uche-you-cant-do-without-us|title=Enyimba to Henry Uche: You can't do without us|date=16 January 2014|accessdate=12 February 2014|author=Kolade Oni|publisher=Goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/enyimba-to-cash-in-on-henry-uche-transfer.html|title=Enyimba to cash in on Henry Uche transfer|date=6 February 2014|accessdate=12 February 2014|publisher=MTN Football|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210020915/http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/enyimba-to-cash-in-on-henry-uche-transfer.html|archive-date=10 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Uche fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù AFC Leopards ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2017. Ó ṣe ìfarahàn fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ fún orílẹ̀-èdè [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé]] ní ọdún 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=22 February 2014}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1990]] al6wego1bfomw6mx68oy81vyoliikqd 624824 624823 2026-07-01T21:22:25Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ */ 624824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Henry Uche |image = |image_size = |caption = |fullname = Henry Iffanyi Uche<ref name = "SW"/> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|8|18|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Umuahia]], Nigeria<ref name = "NFT"/> |height = {{height|m=1.74}}<ref name = "NFT"/> |position = [[Midfielder]] |currentclub = [[A.F.C. Leopards|AFC Leopards]] |clubnumber = |youthyears1 = |youthclubs1 = [[Shooting Stars SC|Shooting Stars]] |years1 = 2010–2014 |clubs1 = [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 2014 |clubs2 = [[FK Kukësi]]<ref name = "SW"/> |caps2 = 11 |goals2 = 0 |years3 = 2014–2017 |clubs3 = [[Shooting Stars SC|Shooting Stars]] |caps3 = |goals3 = |years4 = 2017– |clubs4 = [[A.F.C. Leopards|AFC Leopards]] |caps4 = |goals4 = |nationalyears1 = 2012– |nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]]<ref name = "NFT"/> |nationalcaps1 = 5 |nationalgoals1 = 0 |club-update = 18:27, 20 February 2018 (UTC) |ntupdate = 18:33, 9 February 2015 (UTC) }} '''Henry Iffanyi Uche''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 1990) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù àgbáyé]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù àárín gbùngbùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù AFC Leopards.<ref name = "SW">{{soccerway|henry-uche/208004|accessdate=9 February 2015}}</ref> == Ìṣe == === Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ === Lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Shooting Stars S.C.|Shooting Stars]] àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Enyimba FC|Enyimba]],<ref name = "NFT">{{NFT player|pid=47333|accessdate=9 February 2015}}</ref> Uche lọ dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù FK Kukësi ti ìlú Albania ní oṣù kìíní ọdún 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigeria/2013/01/16/3675726/enyimba-to-henry-uche-you-cant-do-without-us|title=Enyimba to Henry Uche: You can't do without us|date=16 January 2014|accessdate=12 February 2014|author=Kolade Oni|publisher=Goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/enyimba-to-cash-in-on-henry-uche-transfer.html|title=Enyimba to cash in on Henry Uche transfer|date=6 February 2014|accessdate=12 February 2014|publisher=MTN Football|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210020915/http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/enyimba-to-cash-in-on-henry-uche-transfer.html|archive-date=10 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Uche fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù AFC Leopards ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2017.<ref>[http://allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=25842 Super Eagles Midfielder Henry Uche Joins AFC Leopards]‚ allnigeriasoccer.com, 15 December 2017</ref> == Ìkópa nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé == Ó ṣe ìfarahàn fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ fún orílẹ̀-èdè [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé]] ní ọdún 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=22 February 2014}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1990]] sg62mzm10fllneb8ye8ddw9bodhdx1o 624825 624824 2026-07-01T21:23:09Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Ìkópa nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé */ 624825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Henry Uche |image = |image_size = |caption = |fullname = Henry Iffanyi Uche<ref name = "SW"/> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|8|18|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Umuahia]], Nigeria<ref name = "NFT"/> |height = {{height|m=1.74}}<ref name = "NFT"/> |position = [[Midfielder]] |currentclub = [[A.F.C. Leopards|AFC Leopards]] |clubnumber = |youthyears1 = |youthclubs1 = [[Shooting Stars SC|Shooting Stars]] |years1 = 2010–2014 |clubs1 = [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 2014 |clubs2 = [[FK Kukësi]]<ref name = "SW"/> |caps2 = 11 |goals2 = 0 |years3 = 2014–2017 |clubs3 = [[Shooting Stars SC|Shooting Stars]] |caps3 = |goals3 = |years4 = 2017– |clubs4 = [[A.F.C. Leopards|AFC Leopards]] |caps4 = |goals4 = |nationalyears1 = 2012– |nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]]<ref name = "NFT"/> |nationalcaps1 = 5 |nationalgoals1 = 0 |club-update = 18:27, 20 February 2018 (UTC) |ntupdate = 18:33, 9 February 2015 (UTC) }} '''Henry Iffanyi Uche''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹjọ ọdún 1990) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù àgbáyé]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù àárín gbùngbùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù AFC Leopards.<ref name = "SW">{{soccerway|henry-uche/208004|accessdate=9 February 2015}}</ref> == Ìṣe == === Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ === Lẹ́yìn tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Shooting Stars S.C.|Shooting Stars]] àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Enyimba FC|Enyimba]],<ref name = "NFT">{{NFT player|pid=47333|accessdate=9 February 2015}}</ref> Uche lọ dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù FK Kukësi ti ìlú Albania ní oṣù kìíní ọdún 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigeria/2013/01/16/3675726/enyimba-to-henry-uche-you-cant-do-without-us|title=Enyimba to Henry Uche: You can't do without us|date=16 January 2014|accessdate=12 February 2014|author=Kolade Oni|publisher=Goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/enyimba-to-cash-in-on-henry-uche-transfer.html|title=Enyimba to cash in on Henry Uche transfer|date=6 February 2014|accessdate=12 February 2014|publisher=MTN Football|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210020915/http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/enyimba-to-cash-in-on-henry-uche-transfer.html|archive-date=10 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Uche fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù AFC Leopards ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún oṣù Kejìlá ọdún 2017.<ref>[http://allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=25842 Super Eagles Midfielder Henry Uche Joins AFC Leopards]‚ allnigeriasoccer.com, 15 December 2017</ref> == Ìkópa nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé == Ó ṣe ìfarahàn fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ fún orílẹ̀-èdè [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé]] ní ọdún 2012.<ref name = "NFT"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/news/2012/february/09-henry-uche-set-to-fly-with-eagles.html|title=Henry Uche set to fly with Eagles|date=9 February 2012|accessdate=12 February 2014|publisher=MTN Football|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222144745/http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/news/2012/february/09-henry-uche-set-to-fly-with-eagles.html|archive-date=22 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1990]] tdjyjf1wrc0txm0q1p220asxqxwoztr 0 80785 624828 2026-07-01T21:31:40Z Royalesignature 26633 O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1325474056|Raheem Lawal]]" 624828 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Raheem Adewole Lawal''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1990) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù àárín gbùngbùn . == Iṣẹ́ == Lawal ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní àwọn oríṣiríṣi àwọn orílẹ̀ èdè bí orílẹ̀èdè Spain àti orílẹ̀èdè Turkey fún àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù bíi Atlético Baleares, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Adana Demirspor àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mersin İdmanyurdu . Ní ọjọ́ kẹta oṣù kejì ọdún 2014, Lawal dara pọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Turkish Süper Lig Eskişehirspor, ó sì fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún mẹ́ta ààbọ̀ pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà. Ó kópa nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ fún orílẹ̀-èdè [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà]] ní ọdún 2012, ó sì ti fara hàn nínú àwọn ìdíje ìpele FIFA World Cup. <ref>{{FIFA player|312016}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} * [http://www.geripas.net/eskisehirspor/eskisehirde-lawal-ile-yollar-ayrildi-h3677.html Eskişehir'de, Lawal ile yollar ayrıldı] Archived , geriapas.net, ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kìíní ọdún 2016 * [http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4102/transfer-zone/2016/01/13/19292302/raheem-lawal-joins-osmanlispor Raheem Lawal dara pọ̀ mọ́ Osmanlispor], goal.com, 13 Oṣù Kínní 2016 * [https://www.emaratalyoum.com/sports/local/2018-08-17-1.1127328 emaratalyoum.com] 3 Oṣù Kẹ̀wàá 2018 == Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde == * Raheem Lawal at Soccerway * Raheem Lawal at WorldFootball.net [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1990]] az5t3guw1uwaqag5sbz9oy279drt5zl 624829 624828 2026-07-01T21:33:07Z Royalesignature 26633 624829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Raheem Lawal |image = Raheem Lawal'14.JPG |caption = |fullname = Raheem Adewole Lawal<ref name = "NFT"/> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|5|4|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Lagos]], Nigeria |height = 1.82m<ref name = "NFT"/> |position = [[Midfielder]] |currentclub = |clubnumber = |years1 = 2009–2012 |clubs1 = [[CD Atlético Baleares|Atlético Baleares]] |caps1 = 57 |goals1 = 1 |years2 = 2012–2013 |clubs2 = [[Adana Demirspor]] |caps2 = 10 |goals2 = 1 |years3 = 2013–2014 |clubs3 = [[Mersin İdmanyurdu SK|Mersin İdmanyurdu]] |caps3 = 26 |goals3 = 5 |years4 = 2014–2016 |clubs4 = [[Eskişehirspor]] |caps4 = 50 |goals4 = 2 |years5 = 2016–2018 |clubs5 = [[Osmanlıspor]] |caps5 = 35 |goals5 = 1 |years6 = 2017 |clubs6 = → [[Kayserispor]] (loan) |caps6 = 16 |goals6 = 5 |years7 = 2018–2019 |clubs7 = [[Al-Ittihad Kalba SC|Ittihad Kalba]] |caps7 = 1 |goals7 = 0 |years8 = 2019–2020 |clubs8 = [[Fatih Karagümrük S.K.|Fatih Karagümrük]] |caps8 = 0 |goals8 = 0 |years9 = 2020–2021 |clubs9 = [[Akhisarspor]] |caps9 = 7 |goals9 = 0 |nationalyears1 = 2012– |nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] |nationalcaps1 = 4 |nationalgoals1 = 0 |club-update = 19:29, 22 August 2019 (UTC) |ntupdate = 21 June 2013 }} '''Raheem Adewole Lawal''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1990) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù àárín gbùngbùn . == Iṣẹ́ == Lawal ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní àwọn oríṣiríṣi àwọn orílẹ̀ èdè bí orílẹ̀èdè Spain àti orílẹ̀èdè Turkey fún àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù bíi Atlético Baleares, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Adana Demirspor àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mersin İdmanyurdu . Ní ọjọ́ kẹta oṣù kejì ọdún 2014, Lawal dara pọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Turkish Süper Lig Eskişehirspor, ó sì fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún mẹ́ta ààbọ̀ pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà. Ó kópa nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ fún orílẹ̀-èdè [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà]] ní ọdún 2012, ó sì ti fara hàn nínú àwọn ìdíje ìpele FIFA World Cup. <ref>{{FIFA player|312016}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} * [http://www.geripas.net/eskisehirspor/eskisehirde-lawal-ile-yollar-ayrildi-h3677.html Eskişehir'de, Lawal ile yollar ayrıldı] Archived , geriapas.net, ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kìíní ọdún 2016 * [http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4102/transfer-zone/2016/01/13/19292302/raheem-lawal-joins-osmanlispor Raheem Lawal dara pọ̀ mọ́ Osmanlispor], goal.com, 13 Oṣù Kínní 2016 * [https://www.emaratalyoum.com/sports/local/2018-08-17-1.1127328 emaratalyoum.com] 3 Oṣù Kẹ̀wàá 2018 == Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde == * Raheem Lawal at Soccerway * Raheem Lawal at WorldFootball.net [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1990]] 0nsujfa1aabapekwy75nc61yki49i2m 624830 624829 2026-07-01T21:35:27Z Royalesignature 26633 624830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Raheem Lawal |image = Raheem Lawal'14.JPG |caption = |fullname = Raheem Adewole Lawal<ref name = "NFT"/> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|5|4|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Lagos]], Nigeria |height = 1.82m<ref name = "NFT"/> |position = [[Midfielder]] |currentclub = |clubnumber = |years1 = 2009–2012 |clubs1 = [[CD Atlético Baleares|Atlético Baleares]] |caps1 = 57 |goals1 = 1 |years2 = 2012–2013 |clubs2 = [[Adana Demirspor]] |caps2 = 10 |goals2 = 1 |years3 = 2013–2014 |clubs3 = [[Mersin İdmanyurdu SK|Mersin İdmanyurdu]] |caps3 = 26 |goals3 = 5 |years4 = 2014–2016 |clubs4 = [[Eskişehirspor]] |caps4 = 50 |goals4 = 2 |years5 = 2016–2018 |clubs5 = [[Osmanlıspor]] |caps5 = 35 |goals5 = 1 |years6 = 2017 |clubs6 = → [[Kayserispor]] (loan) |caps6 = 16 |goals6 = 5 |years7 = 2018–2019 |clubs7 = [[Al-Ittihad Kalba SC|Ittihad Kalba]] |caps7 = 1 |goals7 = 0 |years8 = 2019–2020 |clubs8 = [[Fatih Karagümrük S.K.|Fatih Karagümrük]] |caps8 = 0 |goals8 = 0 |years9 = 2020–2021 |clubs9 = [[Akhisarspor]] |caps9 = 7 |goals9 = 0 |nationalyears1 = 2012– |nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] |nationalcaps1 = 4 |nationalgoals1 = 0 |club-update = 19:29, 22 August 2019 (UTC) |ntupdate = 21 June 2013 }} '''Raheem Adewole Lawal''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1990) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù àárín gbùngbùn . == Iṣẹ́ == Lawal ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní àwọn oríṣiríṣi àwọn orílẹ̀ èdè bí orílẹ̀èdè Spain àti orílẹ̀èdè Turkey fún àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù bíi Atlético Baleares, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Adana Demirspor àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mersin İdmanyurdu.<ref name = "NFT">{{NFT player|id=47652|accessdate=22 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Soccerway|raheem-r-lawal/96995}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹta oṣù kejì ọdún 2014, Lawal dara pọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Turkish Süper Lig Eskişehirspor, ó sì fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún mẹ́ta ààbọ̀ pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/140204/Lawal_seals_Eskisehirspor_move|title=Lawal seals Eskisehirspor move|work=Sammy Wejinya|publisher=SuperSport|date=4 February 2014}}</ref> Ó kópa nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ fún orílẹ̀-èdè [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà]] ní ọdún 2012, ó sì ti fara hàn nínú àwọn ìdíje ìpele FIFA World Cup.<ref>{{FIFA player|312016}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} * [http://www.geripas.net/eskisehirspor/eskisehirde-lawal-ile-yollar-ayrildi-h3677.html Eskişehir'de, Lawal ile yollar ayrıldı] Archived , geriapas.net, ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kìíní ọdún 2016 * [http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4102/transfer-zone/2016/01/13/19292302/raheem-lawal-joins-osmanlispor Raheem Lawal dara pọ̀ mọ́ Osmanlispor], goal.com, 13 Oṣù Kínní 2016 * [https://www.emaratalyoum.com/sports/local/2018-08-17-1.1127328 emaratalyoum.com] 3 Oṣù Kẹ̀wàá 2018 == Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde == * Raheem Lawal at Soccerway * Raheem Lawal at WorldFootball.net [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1990]] qz5d1zq2rax5y3rst05huhz1uunse75 624832 624830 2026-07-01T21:36:49Z Royalesignature 26633 624832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Raheem Lawal |image = Raheem Lawal'14.JPG |caption = |fullname = Raheem Adewole Lawal<ref name = "NFT"/> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|5|4|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Lagos]], Nigeria |height = 1.82m<ref name = "NFT"/> |position = [[Midfielder]] |currentclub = |clubnumber = |years1 = 2009–2012 |clubs1 = [[CD Atlético Baleares|Atlético Baleares]] |caps1 = 57 |goals1 = 1 |years2 = 2012–2013 |clubs2 = [[Adana Demirspor]] |caps2 = 10 |goals2 = 1 |years3 = 2013–2014 |clubs3 = [[Mersin İdmanyurdu SK|Mersin İdmanyurdu]] |caps3 = 26 |goals3 = 5 |years4 = 2014–2016 |clubs4 = [[Eskişehirspor]] |caps4 = 50 |goals4 = 2 |years5 = 2016–2018 |clubs5 = [[Osmanlıspor]] |caps5 = 35 |goals5 = 1 |years6 = 2017 |clubs6 = → [[Kayserispor]] (loan) |caps6 = 16 |goals6 = 5 |years7 = 2018–2019 |clubs7 = [[Al-Ittihad Kalba SC|Ittihad Kalba]] |caps7 = 1 |goals7 = 0 |years8 = 2019–2020 |clubs8 = [[Fatih Karagümrük S.K.|Fatih Karagümrük]] |caps8 = 0 |goals8 = 0 |years9 = 2020–2021 |clubs9 = [[Akhisarspor]] |caps9 = 7 |goals9 = 0 |nationalyears1 = 2012– |nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] |nationalcaps1 = 4 |nationalgoals1 = 0 |club-update = 19:29, 22 August 2019 (UTC) |ntupdate = 21 June 2013 }} '''Raheem Adewole Lawal''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1990) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù àárín gbùngbùn . == Iṣẹ́ == Lawal ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní àwọn oríṣiríṣi àwọn orílẹ̀ èdè bí orílẹ̀èdè Spain àti orílẹ̀èdè Turkey fún àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù bíi Atlético Baleares, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Adana Demirspor àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mersin İdmanyurdu.<ref name = "NFT">{{NFT player|id=47652|accessdate=22 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Soccerway|raheem-r-lawal/96995}}</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kẹta oṣù kejì ọdún 2014, Lawal dara pọ̀ mọ́ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Turkish Süper Lig Eskişehirspor, ó sì fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún mẹ́ta ààbọ̀ pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/140204/Lawal_seals_Eskisehirspor_move|title=Lawal seals Eskisehirspor move|work=Sammy Wejinya|publisher=SuperSport|date=4 February 2014}}</ref> Ó kópa nínú ìdíje Àgbáyé fún ìgbà àkọ́kọ́ fún orílẹ̀-èdè [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|Nàìjíríà]] ní ọdún 2012, ó sì ti fara hàn nínú àwọn ìdíje ìpele FIFA World Cup.<ref>{{FIFA player|312016}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} * [http://www.geripas.net/eskisehirspor/eskisehirde-lawal-ile-yollar-ayrildi-h3677.html Eskişehir'de, Lawal ile yollar ayrıldı] Archived , geriapas.net, ọjọ́ kẹjọ oṣù kìíní ọdún 2016 * [http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4102/transfer-zone/2016/01/13/19292302/raheem-lawal-joins-osmanlispor Raheem Lawal dara pọ̀ mọ́ Osmanlispor], goal.com, 13 Oṣù Kínní 2016 * [https://www.emaratalyoum.com/sports/local/2018-08-17-1.1127328 emaratalyoum.com] 3 Oṣù Kẹ̀wàá 2018 [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1990]] oto8jysbveljmrggemcanl31u1k98u4 0 80786 624833 2026-07-01T21:43:52Z Royalesignature 26633 O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346013163|Sam Ojebode]]" 624833 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Samuel Ojebode''' (14 Keje 1944 – 4 Keje 2012) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. == Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ == Ojebode gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún [[Shooting Stars S.C.|ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Shooting Stars]], níbi tí ó ti gba ife ẹ̀yẹ African Cup Winners' Cup ní ọdún 1976 ; ó tún jẹ́ olórí [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] nínú àwọn ìdíje mẹ́ta nínú ìdíje ife ẹ̀yẹ African Cup of Nations ní ọdún 1976. <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/29259/former-nigeria-national-team-captain-samuel-ojebode-has-died.php|title=NFF mourns Sam Ojebode|date=4 July 2012|journal=[[Kick Off (magazine)|Kick Off]]|access-date=13 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710000617/http://www.kickoff.com:80/news/29259/former-nigeria-national-team-captain-samuel-ojebode-has-died.php|archivedate=10 July 2012}}</ref> Ó fara hàn nínú àwọn ìdíje mẹ́rìn nínú ìdíje ìfẹ́ àgbáyé FIFA World Cup. Ó kú ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù keje ọdún 2012 látàrí àrùn jẹjẹrẹ ẹ̀dọ̀fóró. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nationaldailyng.com/sam-ojebode-is-dead/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=5 July 2018}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 2012]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1944]] 4ylnjuauy8fxnccempza0j3a2kxupsp 624834 624833 2026-07-01T21:48:35Z Royalesignature 26633 624834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Sam Ojebode |image = |caption = |fullname = Samuel Adeleke Ojebode |birth_date = {{birth date|1944|7|14|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Oyo, Nigeria]] |death_date = {{death date and age|2012|7|4|1944|7|14|df=y}} |death_place = [[Ibadan]], Nigeria |height = |position = [[Defender (association football)|Left back]] |years1 = |clubs1 = Ibadan Lions |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 1971–1978 |clubs2 = [[Shooting Stars F.C.|Shooting Stars]] |caps2 = |goals2 = |totalcaps = |totalgoals = |nationalyears1 = |nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] |nationalcaps1 = |nationalgoals1 = }} '''Samuel Ojebode''' (14 Keje 1944 – 4 Keje 2012) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ [[Nàìjíríà|orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] tíó ń gbábọ́ọ̀lù láàrin gbùngbùn. == Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ == Ojebode gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún [[Shooting Stars S.C.|ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Shooting Stars]], níbi tí ó ti gba ife ẹ̀yẹ African Cup Winners' Cup ní ọdún 1976 ; ó tún jẹ́ olórí [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] nínú àwọn ìdíje mẹ́ta nínú ìdíje ife ẹ̀yẹ African Cup of Nations ní ọdún 1976. <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/29259/former-nigeria-national-team-captain-samuel-ojebode-has-died.php|title=NFF mourns Sam Ojebode|date=4 July 2012|journal=[[Kick Off (magazine)|Kick Off]]|access-date=13 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710000617/http://www.kickoff.com:80/news/29259/former-nigeria-national-team-captain-samuel-ojebode-has-died.php|archivedate=10 July 2012}}</ref> Ó fara hàn nínú àwọn ìdíje mẹ́rìn nínú ìdíje ìfẹ́ àgbáyé FIFA World Cup. Ó kú ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù keje ọdún 2012 látàrí àrùn jẹjẹrẹ ẹ̀dọ̀fóró. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nationaldailyng.com/sam-ojebode-is-dead/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=5 July 2018}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 2012]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1944]] 35bkribf1ueqkztce6577iek0ktn163 624835 624834 2026-07-01T21:50:17Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ */ 624835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Sam Ojebode |image = |caption = |fullname = Samuel Adeleke Ojebode |birth_date = {{birth date|1944|7|14|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Oyo, Nigeria]] |death_date = {{death date and age|2012|7|4|1944|7|14|df=y}} |death_place = [[Ibadan]], Nigeria |height = |position = [[Defender (association football)|Left back]] |years1 = |clubs1 = Ibadan Lions |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 1971–1978 |clubs2 = [[Shooting Stars F.C.|Shooting Stars]] |caps2 = |goals2 = |totalcaps = |totalgoals = |nationalyears1 = |nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] |nationalcaps1 = |nationalgoals1 = }} '''Samuel Ojebode''' (14 Keje 1944 – 4 Keje 2012) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ [[Nàìjíríà|orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] tíó ń gbábọ́ọ̀lù láàrin gbùngbùn. == Iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ == Ojebode gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún [[Shooting Stars S.C.|ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Shooting Stars]], níbi tí ó ti gba ife ẹ̀yẹ African Cup Winners' Cup ní ọdún 1976 ; ó tún jẹ́ olórí [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] nínú àwọn ìdíje mẹ́ta nínú ìdíje ife ẹ̀yẹ African Cup of Nations ní ọdún 1976.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/29259/former-nigeria-national-team-captain-samuel-ojebode-has-died.php |title=NFF mourns Sam Ojebode |date=4 July 2012 |journal=[[Kick Off (magazine)|Kick Off]] |access-date=13 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710000617/http://www.kickoff.com:80/news/29259/former-nigeria-national-team-captain-samuel-ojebode-has-died.php |archive-date=10 July 2012}}</ref> Ó fara hàn nínú àwọn ìdíje mẹ́rìn nínú ìdíje ìfẹ́ àgbáyé FIFA World Cup. Ó kú ní ọjọ́ kẹrin oṣù keje ọdún 2012 látàrí àrùn jẹjẹrẹ ẹ̀dọ̀fóró.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nationaldailyng.com/sam-ojebode-is-dead/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Sam Ojebode is dead|date=5 July 2018|newspaper=National Daily}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́aláìsí ní 2012]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1944]] 3isrn6ahrr09uiw1rfy5xf9d0egh60i 0 80787 624836 2026-07-01T21:54:23Z Royalesignature 26633 O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1293342149|Victor Shaka]]" 624836 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Victor Shaka''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1975) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú. Ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ ni ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Trabzonspor, Happy Valley AA ní [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] . Ó tún gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù FC Seoul, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Ulsan Hyundai Horangi àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Busan I'Cons ti [[Kòréà Gúúsù|South Korean]] K League . == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1975]] 7naxntd32ykmxs62b92ed3e4gppc1hg 624837 624836 2026-07-01T21:55:24Z Royalesignature 26633 624837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Victor Shakaa | fullname = Victor Shakaa | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1975|5|1}} | birth_place = [[Nigeria]] | height = | currentclub = | position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = | years1 = 1995–1997 | years2 = 1997 | years3 = 1997–1999 | years4 = 1999–2000 | years5 = 2001–2002 | years6 = 2003–2004 | clubs1 = [[Nigerdock FC|Nigerdock]] | clubs2 = [[Trabzonspor]] | clubs3 = [[FC Seoul|Anyang LG Cheetahs]] | clubs4 = [[Ulsan HD FC|Ulsan Hyundai Horangi]] | clubs5 = [[Busan IPark|Busan I'cons]] | clubs6 = [[Happy Valley AA]] | caps1 = | caps2 = | caps3 = 40 | caps4 = 25 | caps5 = 5 | caps6 = 38 | goals1 = | goals2 = | goals3 = 9 | goals4 = 8 | goals5 = 2 | goals6 = 6 | nationalyears1 = 2001 | nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] | nationalcaps1 = 1 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | manageryears1 = | managerclubs1 = | pcupdate = 8 October 2007 | ntupdate = 8 October 2007 }} '''Victor Shaka''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1975) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú. Ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ ni ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Trabzonspor, Happy Valley AA ní [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] . Ó tún gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù FC Seoul, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Ulsan Hyundai Horangi àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Busan I'Cons ti [[Kòréà Gúúsù|South Korean]] K League . == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1975]] ic6g1kzsuayqjuvdalz0ycpw2qntmk4 624838 624837 2026-07-01T21:56:15Z Royalesignature 26633 624838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Victor Shakaa | fullname = Victor Shakaa | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1975|5|1}} | birth_place = [[Nigeria]] | height = | currentclub = | position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = | years1 = 1995–1997 | years2 = 1997 | years3 = 1997–1999 | years4 = 1999–2000 | years5 = 2001–2002 | years6 = 2003–2004 | clubs1 = [[Nigerdock FC|Nigerdock]] | clubs2 = [[Trabzonspor]] | clubs3 = [[FC Seoul|Anyang LG Cheetahs]] | clubs4 = [[Ulsan HD FC|Ulsan Hyundai Horangi]] | clubs5 = [[Busan IPark|Busan I'cons]] | clubs6 = [[Happy Valley AA]] | caps1 = | caps2 = | caps3 = 40 | caps4 = 25 | caps5 = 5 | caps6 = 38 | goals1 = | goals2 = | goals3 = 9 | goals4 = 8 | goals5 = 2 | goals6 = 6 | nationalyears1 = 2001 | nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] | nationalcaps1 = 1 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | manageryears1 = | managerclubs1 = | pcupdate = 8 October 2007 | ntupdate = 8 October 2007 }} '''Victor Shaka''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1975) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù iwájú. Ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ tẹ́lẹ̀ ni ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Trabzonspor,<ref>[http://www.turkeyforum.com/satforum/archive/index.php/t-325941.html Last 10 years fiasco transfers in Turkey]</ref> Happy Valley AA ní [[Họ́ng Kọng|Hong Kong]] . Ó tún gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù FC Seoul, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Ulsan Hyundai Horangi àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Busan I'Cons ti [[Kòréà Gúúsù|South Korean]] K League . == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1975]] h1bujunon6tqp83920kn47875cxiflp 0 80788 624839 2026-07-01T22:05:22Z Royalesignature 26633 O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1309813536|Papa Idris]]" 624839 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Papa Idris''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù keje ọdún 1989) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbabọọlu àárín gbùngbùn. == Iṣẹ́ == Idris bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kaduna United àti [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]] . Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹta ọdún 2013, wọ́n kéde pé òun àti ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè rẹ̀ Reuben Gabriel yóò dara pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kilmarnock ti orílè-èdè Scotland pẹlu àdéhùn ọ̀fẹ́ , àwọn méjèèjì sì fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún mẹ́ta ní ọ̀sẹ̀ tó tẹ̀lé e. Wọ́n fòpin sí àdéhùn Idris ní ìparí oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2013, láìsí pé ó farahàn fún ìgbà kàn ṣoṣo. ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà fọwọ́ sí ìgbésẹ̀ náà ní oṣù mẹ́ta lẹ́yìn náà, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kilmarnockfc.co.uk/articles/20130903/announcement-papa-idris-released_85961_3442564|title=Announcement: Papa Idris released|publisher=Kilmarnock F.C|date=3 September 2013|accessdate=31 January 2014|archivedate=8 March 2014}}</ref> ó sì padà sí ìlú rẹ̀ láti dídarapọ̀ mọ́ iko agbabọọlu Gombe United fún ọdún kan. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/455493/EXCLUSIVE-Killie-want-Latvian-stopper|title=Exclusive: Killie want Latvian stopper|publisher=[[Daily Express]]|date=23 January 2014|accessdate=31 January 2014}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Idris fi gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kada City ní ọdún 2019, ó kó lọ sí Jigawa Golden Stars níbi tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ṣáá méjì. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.flashscore.com/player/idris-papa/Ym0plTIo/|title=Papa Idris Profile|publisher=Flash Score|accessdate=4 May 2024}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1989]] ezld99kr2hoa6u31d1qblncna4rcfrd 624840 624839 2026-07-01T22:06:44Z Royalesignature 26633 624840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Papa Idris | image = | caption = | fullname = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|7|27|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Nigeria]] | height = {{Height|m=1.95|precision=0}} | position = [[Defender (association football)#Centre-back|Centre back]] | currentclub = | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = | years1 = 2006–2011 | clubs1 = [[Kaduna United F.C.|Kaduna United]] | caps1 =15 | goals1 =0 | years2 = 2012–2013 | clubs2 = [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]] | caps2 = 51| goals2 =1 | years3 = 2013 | clubs3 = [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] | caps3 = 0| goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2014–2015 | clubs4 = [[Gombe United F.C.|Gombe United]] | caps4 =72 | goals4 =3 | years5 = 2016 | clubs5 = [[Plateau United F.C.|Plateau United]] | caps5 =87 | goals5 =2 | years6 = 2019 | clubs6 = [[Kada City F.C.|Kada City]] | caps6 =8 | goals6 =0 | years7 = 2019–2021 | clubs7 = [[Jigawa Golden Stars F.C.|Jigawa Golden Stars]] | caps7 =24 | goals7 =0 | nationalyears1 = 2012– | nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | club-update = 3 May 2012 | nationalteam-update = 15 August 2012 }} '''Papa Idris''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù keje ọdún 1989) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbabọọlu àárín gbùngbùn. == Iṣẹ́ == Idris bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kaduna United àti [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]] . Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹta ọdún 2013, wọ́n kéde pé òun àti ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè rẹ̀ Reuben Gabriel yóò dara pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kilmarnock ti orílè-èdè Scotland pẹlu àdéhùn ọ̀fẹ́ , àwọn méjèèjì sì fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún mẹ́ta ní ọ̀sẹ̀ tó tẹ̀lé e. Wọ́n fòpin sí àdéhùn Idris ní ìparí oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2013, láìsí pé ó farahàn fún ìgbà kàn ṣoṣo. ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà fọwọ́ sí ìgbésẹ̀ náà ní oṣù mẹ́ta lẹ́yìn náà, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kilmarnockfc.co.uk/articles/20130903/announcement-papa-idris-released_85961_3442564|title=Announcement: Papa Idris released|publisher=Kilmarnock F.C|date=3 September 2013|accessdate=31 January 2014|archivedate=8 March 2014}}</ref> ó sì padà sí ìlú rẹ̀ láti dídarapọ̀ mọ́ iko agbabọọlu Gombe United fún ọdún kan. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/455493/EXCLUSIVE-Killie-want-Latvian-stopper|title=Exclusive: Killie want Latvian stopper|publisher=[[Daily Express]]|date=23 January 2014|accessdate=31 January 2014}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Idris fi gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kada City ní ọdún 2019, ó kó lọ sí Jigawa Golden Stars níbi tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ṣáá méjì. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.flashscore.com/player/idris-papa/Ym0plTIo/|title=Papa Idris Profile|publisher=Flash Score|accessdate=4 May 2024}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1989]] f4ujriluq4f42d9ff4lyvcseu853659 624841 624840 2026-07-01T22:08:33Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Iṣẹ́ */ 624841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Papa Idris | image = | caption = | fullname = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|7|27|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Nigeria]] | height = {{Height|m=1.95|precision=0}} | position = [[Defender (association football)#Centre-back|Centre back]] | currentclub = | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = | years1 = 2006–2011 | clubs1 = [[Kaduna United F.C.|Kaduna United]] | caps1 =15 | goals1 =0 | years2 = 2012–2013 | clubs2 = [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]] | caps2 = 51| goals2 =1 | years3 = 2013 | clubs3 = [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] | caps3 = 0| goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2014–2015 | clubs4 = [[Gombe United F.C.|Gombe United]] | caps4 =72 | goals4 =3 | years5 = 2016 | clubs5 = [[Plateau United F.C.|Plateau United]] | caps5 =87 | goals5 =2 | years6 = 2019 | clubs6 = [[Kada City F.C.|Kada City]] | caps6 =8 | goals6 =0 | years7 = 2019–2021 | clubs7 = [[Jigawa Golden Stars F.C.|Jigawa Golden Stars]] | caps7 =24 | goals7 =0 | nationalyears1 = 2012– | nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | club-update = 3 May 2012 | nationalteam-update = 15 August 2012 }} '''Papa Idris''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù keje ọdún 1989) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbabọọlu àárín gbùngbùn. == Iṣẹ́ == Idris bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kaduna United àti [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]].<ref>[http://westafricanfootball.com/2012/01/16/new-players-at-the-nigeria-national-football-team/ New players at the Nigeria national football team]; West African Football, 16 January 2012</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹta ọdún 2013, wọ́n kéde pé òun àti ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè rẹ̀ Reuben Gabriel yóò dara pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kilmarnock ti orílè-èdè Scotland pẹlu àdéhùn ọ̀fẹ́ , àwọn méjèèjì sì fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún mẹ́ta ní ọ̀sẹ̀ tó tẹ̀lé e.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21967620 Kilmarnock close in on double Nigerian signings]; [[BBC Sport]], 28 March 2013</ref> and both signed three-year deals the following week.<ref>[http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/kilmarnock/219810-kilmarnock-sign-gabriel-reuben-and-papa-idris-on-three-year-deals/ Midfielder Kilmarnock sign Gabriel Reuben and Papa Idris on three-year deals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407005650/http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/kilmarnock/219810-kilmarnock-sign-gabriel-reuben-and-papa-idris-on-three-year-deals/ |date=7 April 2013 }}; [[STV News]], 2 April 2013</ref> Wọ́n fòpin sí àdéhùn Idris ní ìparí oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2013, láìsí pé ó farahàn fún ìgbà kàn ṣoṣo. ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà fọwọ́ sí ìgbésẹ̀ náà ní oṣù mẹ́ta lẹ́yìn náà, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kilmarnockfc.co.uk/articles/20130903/announcement-papa-idris-released_85961_3442564|title=Announcement: Papa Idris released|publisher=Kilmarnock F.C|date=3 September 2013|accessdate=31 January 2014|archivedate=8 March 2014}}</ref> ó sì padà sí ìlú rẹ̀ láti dídarapọ̀ mọ́ iko agbabọọlu Gombe United fún ọdún kan. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/455493/EXCLUSIVE-Killie-want-Latvian-stopper|title=Exclusive: Killie want Latvian stopper|publisher=[[Daily Express]]|date=23 January 2014|accessdate=31 January 2014}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Idris fi gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kada City ní ọdún 2019, ó kó lọ sí Jigawa Golden Stars níbi tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ṣáá méjì. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.flashscore.com/player/idris-papa/Ym0plTIo/|title=Papa Idris Profile|publisher=Flash Score|accessdate=4 May 2024}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1989]] dpjt5ovyas0yvvfc2wikn4urihof9l2 624842 624841 2026-07-01T22:09:06Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Àwọn ìtọ́kasí */ 624842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Papa Idris | image = | caption = | fullname = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|7|27|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Nigeria]] | height = {{Height|m=1.95|precision=0}} | position = [[Defender (association football)#Centre-back|Centre back]] | currentclub = | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = | years1 = 2006–2011 | clubs1 = [[Kaduna United F.C.|Kaduna United]] | caps1 =15 | goals1 =0 | years2 = 2012–2013 | clubs2 = [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]] | caps2 = 51| goals2 =1 | years3 = 2013 | clubs3 = [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] | caps3 = 0| goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2014–2015 | clubs4 = [[Gombe United F.C.|Gombe United]] | caps4 =72 | goals4 =3 | years5 = 2016 | clubs5 = [[Plateau United F.C.|Plateau United]] | caps5 =87 | goals5 =2 | years6 = 2019 | clubs6 = [[Kada City F.C.|Kada City]] | caps6 =8 | goals6 =0 | years7 = 2019–2021 | clubs7 = [[Jigawa Golden Stars F.C.|Jigawa Golden Stars]] | caps7 =24 | goals7 =0 | nationalyears1 = 2012– | nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | club-update = 3 May 2012 | nationalteam-update = 15 August 2012 }} '''Papa Idris''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù keje ọdún 1989) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbabọọlu àárín gbùngbùn. == Iṣẹ́ == Idris bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kaduna United àti [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]].<ref>[http://westafricanfootball.com/2012/01/16/new-players-at-the-nigeria-national-football-team/ New players at the Nigeria national football team]; West African Football, 16 January 2012</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹta ọdún 2013, wọ́n kéde pé òun àti ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè rẹ̀ Reuben Gabriel yóò dara pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kilmarnock ti orílè-èdè Scotland pẹlu àdéhùn ọ̀fẹ́ , àwọn méjèèjì sì fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún mẹ́ta ní ọ̀sẹ̀ tó tẹ̀lé e.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21967620 Kilmarnock close in on double Nigerian signings]; [[BBC Sport]], 28 March 2013</ref> and both signed three-year deals the following week.<ref>[http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/kilmarnock/219810-kilmarnock-sign-gabriel-reuben-and-papa-idris-on-three-year-deals/ Midfielder Kilmarnock sign Gabriel Reuben and Papa Idris on three-year deals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407005650/http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/kilmarnock/219810-kilmarnock-sign-gabriel-reuben-and-papa-idris-on-three-year-deals/ |date=7 April 2013 }}; [[STV News]], 2 April 2013</ref> Wọ́n fòpin sí àdéhùn Idris ní ìparí oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2013, láìsí pé ó farahàn fún ìgbà kàn ṣoṣo. ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà fọwọ́ sí ìgbésẹ̀ náà ní oṣù mẹ́ta lẹ́yìn náà, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kilmarnockfc.co.uk/articles/20130903/announcement-papa-idris-released_85961_3442564|title=Announcement: Papa Idris released|publisher=Kilmarnock F.C|date=3 September 2013|accessdate=31 January 2014|archivedate=8 March 2014}}</ref> ó sì padà sí ìlú rẹ̀ láti dídarapọ̀ mọ́ iko agbabọọlu Gombe United fún ọdún kan. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/455493/EXCLUSIVE-Killie-want-Latvian-stopper|title=Exclusive: Killie want Latvian stopper|publisher=[[Daily Express]]|date=23 January 2014|accessdate=31 January 2014}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Idris fi gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kada City ní ọdún 2019, ó kó lọ sí Jigawa Golden Stars níbi tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ṣáá méjì. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.flashscore.com/player/idris-papa/Ym0plTIo/|title=Papa Idris Profile|publisher=Flash Score|accessdate=4 May 2024}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1989]] 01qk3hgmdraezgikd1evliu06hcj8yw 624843 624842 2026-07-01T22:10:29Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Iṣẹ́ */ 624843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Papa Idris | image = | caption = | fullname = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|7|27|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Nigeria]] | height = {{Height|m=1.95|precision=0}} | position = [[Defender (association football)#Centre-back|Centre back]] | currentclub = | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = | years1 = 2006–2011 | clubs1 = [[Kaduna United F.C.|Kaduna United]] | caps1 =15 | goals1 =0 | years2 = 2012–2013 | clubs2 = [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]] | caps2 = 51| goals2 =1 | years3 = 2013 | clubs3 = [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] | caps3 = 0| goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2014–2015 | clubs4 = [[Gombe United F.C.|Gombe United]] | caps4 =72 | goals4 =3 | years5 = 2016 | clubs5 = [[Plateau United F.C.|Plateau United]] | caps5 =87 | goals5 =2 | years6 = 2019 | clubs6 = [[Kada City F.C.|Kada City]] | caps6 =8 | goals6 =0 | years7 = 2019–2021 | clubs7 = [[Jigawa Golden Stars F.C.|Jigawa Golden Stars]] | caps7 =24 | goals7 =0 | nationalyears1 = 2012– | nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | club-update = 3 May 2012 | nationalteam-update = 15 August 2012 }} '''Papa Idris''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù keje ọdún 1989) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbabọọlu àárín gbùngbùn. == Iṣẹ́ == Idris bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kaduna United àti [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]].<ref>[http://westafricanfootball.com/2012/01/16/new-players-at-the-nigeria-national-football-team/ New players at the Nigeria national football team]; West African Football, 16 January 2012</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹta ọdún 2013, wọ́n kéde pé òun àti ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè rẹ̀ Reuben Gabriel yóò dara pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kilmarnock ti orílè-èdè Scotland pẹlu àdéhùn ọ̀fẹ́ , àwọn méjèèjì sì fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún mẹ́ta ní ọ̀sẹ̀ tó tẹ̀lé e.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21967620 Kilmarnock close in on double Nigerian signings]; [[BBC Sport]], 28 March 2013</ref> and both signed three-year deals the following week.<ref>[http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/kilmarnock/219810-kilmarnock-sign-gabriel-reuben-and-papa-idris-on-three-year-deals/ Midfielder Kilmarnock sign Gabriel Reuben and Papa Idris on three-year deals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407005650/http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/kilmarnock/219810-kilmarnock-sign-gabriel-reuben-and-papa-idris-on-three-year-deals/ |date=7 April 2013 }}; [[STV News]], 2 April 2013</ref> Wọ́n fòpin sí àdéhùn Idris ní ìparí oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2013, láìsí pé ó farahàn fún ìgbà kàn ṣoṣo.<ref>[http://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=9930 Kilmarnock terminate Papa Idris contract]; All Nigeria Soccer, 30 June 2013</ref> ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà fọwọ́ sí ìgbésẹ̀ náà ní oṣù mẹ́ta lẹ́yìn náà,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kilmarnockfc.co.uk/articles/20130903/announcement-papa-idris-released_85961_3442564|title=Announcement: Papa Idris released|publisher=Kilmarnock F.C|date=3 September 2013|accessdate=31 January 2014|archivedate=8 March 2014}}</ref> ó sì padà sí ìlú rẹ̀ láti dídarapọ̀ mọ́ iko agbabọọlu Gombe United fún ọdún kan. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/455493/EXCLUSIVE-Killie-want-Latvian-stopper|title=Exclusive: Killie want Latvian stopper|publisher=[[Daily Express]]|date=23 January 2014|accessdate=31 January 2014}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Idris fi gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kada City ní ọdún 2019, ó kó lọ sí Jigawa Golden Stars níbi tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ṣáá méjì. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.flashscore.com/player/idris-papa/Ym0plTIo/|title=Papa Idris Profile|publisher=Flash Score|accessdate=4 May 2024}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1989]] g2e8uqpzfu9z4ffyll2sh0o49azz816 624844 624843 2026-07-01T22:11:19Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Iṣẹ́ */ 624844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Papa Idris | image = | caption = | fullname = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|7|27|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Nigeria]] | height = {{Height|m=1.95|precision=0}} | position = [[Defender (association football)#Centre-back|Centre back]] | currentclub = | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = | years1 = 2006–2011 | clubs1 = [[Kaduna United F.C.|Kaduna United]] | caps1 =15 | goals1 =0 | years2 = 2012–2013 | clubs2 = [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]] | caps2 = 51| goals2 =1 | years3 = 2013 | clubs3 = [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] | caps3 = 0| goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2014–2015 | clubs4 = [[Gombe United F.C.|Gombe United]] | caps4 =72 | goals4 =3 | years5 = 2016 | clubs5 = [[Plateau United F.C.|Plateau United]] | caps5 =87 | goals5 =2 | years6 = 2019 | clubs6 = [[Kada City F.C.|Kada City]] | caps6 =8 | goals6 =0 | years7 = 2019–2021 | clubs7 = [[Jigawa Golden Stars F.C.|Jigawa Golden Stars]] | caps7 =24 | goals7 =0 | nationalyears1 = 2012– | nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | club-update = 3 May 2012 | nationalteam-update = 15 August 2012 }} '''Papa Idris''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù keje ọdún 1989) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbabọọlu àárín gbùngbùn. == Iṣẹ́ == Idris bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kaduna United àti [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]].<ref>[http://westafricanfootball.com/2012/01/16/new-players-at-the-nigeria-national-football-team/ New players at the Nigeria national football team]; West African Football, 16 January 2012</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹta ọdún 2013, wọ́n kéde pé òun àti ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè rẹ̀ Reuben Gabriel yóò dara pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kilmarnock ti orílè-èdè Scotland pẹlu àdéhùn ọ̀fẹ́ , àwọn méjèèjì sì fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún mẹ́ta ní ọ̀sẹ̀ tó tẹ̀lé e.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21967620 Kilmarnock close in on double Nigerian signings]; [[BBC Sport]], 28 March 2013</ref> and both signed three-year deals the following week.<ref>[http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/kilmarnock/219810-kilmarnock-sign-gabriel-reuben-and-papa-idris-on-three-year-deals/ Midfielder Kilmarnock sign Gabriel Reuben and Papa Idris on three-year deals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407005650/http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/kilmarnock/219810-kilmarnock-sign-gabriel-reuben-and-papa-idris-on-three-year-deals/ |date=7 April 2013 }}; [[STV News]], 2 April 2013</ref> Wọ́n fòpin sí àdéhùn Idris ní ìparí oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2013, láìsí pé ó farahàn fún ìgbà kàn ṣoṣo.<ref>[http://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=9930 Kilmarnock terminate Papa Idris contract]; All Nigeria Soccer, 30 June 2013</ref> ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà fọwọ́ sí ìgbésẹ̀ náà ní oṣù mẹ́ta lẹ́yìn náà,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kilmarnockfc.co.uk/articles/20130903/announcement-papa-idris-released_85961_3442564|title=Announcement: Papa Idris released|publisher=Kilmarnock F.C|date=3 September 2013|accessdate=31 January 2014|archivedate=8 March 2014}}</ref> ó sì padà sí ìlú rẹ̀ láti dídarapọ̀ mọ́ iko agbabọọlu Gombe United fún ọdún kan. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/455493/EXCLUSIVE-Killie-want-Latvian-stopper|title=Exclusive: Killie want Latvian stopper|publisher=[[Daily Express]]|date=23 January 2014|accessdate=31 January 2014}}</ref> Lẹ́yìn ìgbà tí Idris fi gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kada City ní ọdún 2019, ó kó lọ sí Jigawa Golden Stars níbi tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ṣáá méjì.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.flashscore.com/player/idris-papa/Ym0plTIo/|title=Papa Idris Profile|publisher=Flash Score|accessdate=4 May 2024}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1989]] rfxitvhphwtxuojqrqjhbs8ohppmkty 624845 624844 2026-07-01T22:13:56Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Iṣẹ́ */ 624845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Papa Idris | image = | caption = | fullname = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|7|27|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Nigeria]] | height = {{Height|m=1.95|precision=0}} | position = [[Defender (association football)#Centre-back|Centre back]] | currentclub = | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = | years1 = 2006–2011 | clubs1 = [[Kaduna United F.C.|Kaduna United]] | caps1 =15 | goals1 =0 | years2 = 2012–2013 | clubs2 = [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]] | caps2 = 51| goals2 =1 | years3 = 2013 | clubs3 = [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] | caps3 = 0| goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2014–2015 | clubs4 = [[Gombe United F.C.|Gombe United]] | caps4 =72 | goals4 =3 | years5 = 2016 | clubs5 = [[Plateau United F.C.|Plateau United]] | caps5 =87 | goals5 =2 | years6 = 2019 | clubs6 = [[Kada City F.C.|Kada City]] | caps6 =8 | goals6 =0 | years7 = 2019–2021 | clubs7 = [[Jigawa Golden Stars F.C.|Jigawa Golden Stars]] | caps7 =24 | goals7 =0 | nationalyears1 = 2012– | nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | club-update = 3 May 2012 | nationalteam-update = 15 August 2012 }} '''Papa Idris''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù keje ọdún 1989) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbabọọlu àárín gbùngbùn. == Iṣẹ́ == Idris bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kaduna United àti [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]].<ref>[http://westafricanfootball.com/2012/01/16/new-players-at-the-nigeria-national-football-team/ New players at the Nigeria national football team]; West African Football, 16 January 2012</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹta ọdún 2013, wọ́n kéde pé òun àti ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè rẹ̀ Reuben Gabriel yóò dara pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kilmarnock ti orílè-èdè Scotland pẹlu àdéhùn ọ̀fẹ́ , àwọn méjèèjì sì fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún mẹ́ta ní ọ̀sẹ̀ tó tẹ̀lé e.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21967620 Kilmarnock close in on double Nigerian signings]; [[BBC Sport]], 28 March 2013</ref> and both signed three-year deals the following week.<ref>[http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/kilmarnock/219810-kilmarnock-sign-gabriel-reuben-and-papa-idris-on-three-year-deals/ Midfielder Kilmarnock sign Gabriel Reuben and Papa Idris on three-year deals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407005650/http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/kilmarnock/219810-kilmarnock-sign-gabriel-reuben-and-papa-idris-on-three-year-deals/ |date=7 April 2013 }}; [[STV News]], 2 April 2013</ref> Wọ́n fòpin sí àdéhùn Idris ní ìparí oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2013, láìsí pé ó farahàn fún ìgbà kàn ṣoṣo.<ref>[http://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=9930 Kilmarnock terminate Papa Idris contract]; All Nigeria Soccer, 30 June 2013</ref> ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà fọwọ́ sí ìgbésẹ̀ náà ní oṣù mẹ́ta lẹ́yìn náà,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kilmarnockfc.co.uk/articles/20130903/announcement-papa-idris-released_85961_3442564|title=Announcement: Papa Idris released|publisher=Kilmarnock F.C|date=3 September 2013|accessdate=31 January 2014|archivedate=8 March 2014}}</ref> ó sì padà sí ìlú rẹ̀ láti dídarapọ̀ mọ́ iko agbabọọlu Gombe United fún ọdún kan. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/455493/EXCLUSIVE-Killie-want-Latvian-stopper|title=Exclusive: Killie want Latvian stopper|publisher=[[Daily Express]]|date=23 January 2014|accessdate=31 January 2014}}</ref> Láàárín àkókò ìgbà tí Idris fi gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kada City ní ọdún 2019, ó dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Jigawa Golden Stars níbi tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ṣáá méjì.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.flashscore.com/player/idris-papa/Ym0plTIo/|title=Papa Idris Profile|publisher=Flash Score|accessdate=4 May 2024}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1989]] 2ublnbem0tg895af68e103kh5onja9b 624849 624845 2026-07-01T22:29:59Z Saidelo 33975 /* Iṣẹ́ */ 624849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Papa Idris | image = | caption = | fullname = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|7|27|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Nigeria]] | height = {{Height|m=1.95|precision=0}} | position = [[Defender (association football)#Centre-back|Centre back]] | currentclub = | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = | years1 = 2006–2011 | clubs1 = [[Kaduna United F.C.|Kaduna United]] | caps1 =15 | goals1 =0 | years2 = 2012–2013 | clubs2 = [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]] | caps2 = 51| goals2 =1 | years3 = 2013 | clubs3 = [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] | caps3 = 0| goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2014–2015 | clubs4 = [[Gombe United F.C.|Gombe United]] | caps4 =72 | goals4 =3 | years5 = 2016 | clubs5 = [[Plateau United F.C.|Plateau United]] | caps5 =87 | goals5 =2 | years6 = 2019 | clubs6 = [[Kada City F.C.|Kada City]] | caps6 =8 | goals6 =0 | years7 = 2019–2021 | clubs7 = [[Jigawa Golden Stars F.C.|Jigawa Golden Stars]] | caps7 =24 | goals7 =0 | nationalyears1 = 2012– | nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | club-update = 3 May 2012 | nationalteam-update = 15 August 2012 }} '''Papa Idris''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù keje ọdún 1989) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbabọọlu àárín gbùngbùn. == Iṣẹ́ == Idris bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kaduna United àti [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]].<ref>[http://westafricanfootball.com/2012/01/16/new-players-at-the-nigeria-national-football-team/ New players at the Nigeria national football team]; West African Football, 16 January 2012</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹta ọdún 2013, wọ́n kéde pé òun àti ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè rẹ̀ Reuben Gabriel yóò darapọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kilmarnock ti orílè-èdè Scotland pẹlu àdéhùn ọ̀fẹ́ , àwọn méjèèjì sì fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún mẹ́ta ní ọ̀sẹ̀ tó tẹ̀lé e.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21967620 Kilmarnock close in on double Nigerian signings]; [[BBC Sport]], 28 March 2013</ref><ref>[http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/kilmarnock/219810-kilmarnock-sign-gabriel-reuben-and-papa-idris-on-three-year-deals/ Midfielder Kilmarnock sign Gabriel Reuben and Papa Idris on three-year deals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407005650/http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/kilmarnock/219810-kilmarnock-sign-gabriel-reuben-and-papa-idris-on-three-year-deals/ |date=7 April 2013 }}; [[STV News]], 2 April 2013</ref> Wọ́n fòpin sí àdéhùn Idris ní ìparí oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2013, láìsí pé ó farahàn fún ìgbà kàn ṣoṣo.<ref>[http://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=9930 Kilmarnock terminate Papa Idris contract]; All Nigeria Soccer, 30 June 2013</ref> ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà fọwọ́ sí ìgbésẹ̀ náà ní oṣù mẹ́ta lẹ́yìn náà,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kilmarnockfc.co.uk/articles/20130903/announcement-papa-idris-released_85961_3442564|title=Announcement: Papa Idris released|publisher=Kilmarnock F.C|date=3 September 2013|accessdate=31 January 2014|archivedate=8 March 2014}}</ref> ó sì padà sí ìlú rẹ̀ láti lọ darapọ̀ mọ́ iko agbabọọlu Gombe United fún ọdún kan. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/455493/EXCLUSIVE-Killie-want-Latvian-stopper|title=Exclusive: Killie want Latvian stopper|publisher=[[Daily Express]]|date=23 January 2014|accessdate=31 January 2014}}</ref> Láàárín àkókò ìgbà tí Idris fi gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kada City ní ọdún 2019, ó dárapọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Jigawa Golden Stars níbi tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ṣáá méjì.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.flashscore.com/player/idris-papa/Ym0plTIo/|title=Papa Idris Profile|publisher=Flash Score|accessdate=4 May 2024}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1989]] 0c7bkcr5vq6z8gu9hh22zct7nyhskht 624856 624849 2026-07-01T22:37:48Z Saidelo 33975 /* Iṣẹ́ */ 624856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Papa Idris | image = | caption = | fullname = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|7|27|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Nigeria]] | height = {{Height|m=1.95|precision=0}} | position = [[Defender (association football)#Centre-back|Centre back]] | currentclub = | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = | years1 = 2006–2011 | clubs1 = [[Kaduna United F.C.|Kaduna United]] | caps1 =15 | goals1 =0 | years2 = 2012–2013 | clubs2 = [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]] | caps2 = 51| goals2 =1 | years3 = 2013 | clubs3 = [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] | caps3 = 0| goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2014–2015 | clubs4 = [[Gombe United F.C.|Gombe United]] | caps4 =72 | goals4 =3 | years5 = 2016 | clubs5 = [[Plateau United F.C.|Plateau United]] | caps5 =87 | goals5 =2 | years6 = 2019 | clubs6 = [[Kada City F.C.|Kada City]] | caps6 =8 | goals6 =0 | years7 = 2019–2021 | clubs7 = [[Jigawa Golden Stars F.C.|Jigawa Golden Stars]] | caps7 =24 | goals7 =0 | nationalyears1 = 2012– | nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | club-update = 3 May 2012 | nationalteam-update = 15 August 2012 }} '''Papa Idris''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹtàdínlógún oṣù keje ọdún 1989) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lu olùdàbòbò àárín gbùngbùn. == Iṣẹ́ == Idris bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kaduna United àti [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]].<ref>[http://westafricanfootball.com/2012/01/16/new-players-at-the-nigeria-national-football-team/ New players at the Nigeria national football team]; West African Football, 16 January 2012</ref> Ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹta ọdún 2013, wọ́n kéde pé òun àti ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè rẹ̀ Reuben Gabriel yóò darapọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kilmarnock ti orílè-èdè Scotland pẹlu àdéhùn ọ̀fẹ́ , àwọn méjèèjì sì fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn ọdún mẹ́ta ní ọ̀sẹ̀ tó tẹ̀lé e.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21967620 Kilmarnock close in on double Nigerian signings]; [[BBC Sport]], 28 March 2013</ref><ref>[http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/kilmarnock/219810-kilmarnock-sign-gabriel-reuben-and-papa-idris-on-three-year-deals/ Midfielder Kilmarnock sign Gabriel Reuben and Papa Idris on three-year deals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407005650/http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/kilmarnock/219810-kilmarnock-sign-gabriel-reuben-and-papa-idris-on-three-year-deals/ |date=7 April 2013 }}; [[STV News]], 2 April 2013</ref> Wọ́n fòpin sí àdéhùn Idris ní ìparí oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2013, láìsí pé ó farahàn fún ìgbà kàn ṣoṣo.<ref>[http://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=9930 Kilmarnock terminate Papa Idris contract]; All Nigeria Soccer, 30 June 2013</ref> ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù náà fọwọ́ sí ìgbésẹ̀ náà ní oṣù mẹ́ta lẹ́yìn náà,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kilmarnockfc.co.uk/articles/20130903/announcement-papa-idris-released_85961_3442564|title=Announcement: Papa Idris released|publisher=Kilmarnock F.C|date=3 September 2013|accessdate=31 January 2014|archivedate=8 March 2014}}</ref> ó sì padà sí ìlú rẹ̀ láti lọ darapọ̀ mọ́ iko agbabọọlu Gombe United fún ọdún kan. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/455493/EXCLUSIVE-Killie-want-Latvian-stopper|title=Exclusive: Killie want Latvian stopper|publisher=[[Daily Express]]|date=23 January 2014|accessdate=31 January 2014}}</ref> Láàárín àkókò ìgbà tí Idris fi gbá bọ́ọ̀lù pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Kada City ní ọdún 2019, ó dárapọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Jigawa Golden Stars níbi tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ṣáá méjì.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.flashscore.com/player/idris-papa/Ym0plTIo/|title=Papa Idris Profile|publisher=Flash Score|accessdate=4 May 2024}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1989]] cbttgwz0hn8uojt3an07bzexxvmswsv 0 80789 624846 2026-07-01T22:23:23Z Royalesignature 26633 O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329680464|Alao Fatai Adisa]]" 624846 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Alao Fatai Adisa''' (ọjọ ibì 30 November 1986 ni ìpínlẹ̀ [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara]] ) je [[Boolu-afesegba|agbaboolu]] ọwọ ẹ̀yin fún orílẹ̀èdè [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|Naijiria]] . == Iṣẹ́ == === Al-Oruba === Adisa dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Oruba ní ọdún 2009 láti inú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Al-Ittihad (Ibb) . Ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Al-Oruba ní ọdún 2012 nínú ìdíje líìgì AFC Cup ti ọdún 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=11 September 2012}}</ref> === Mohun Bagan === Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2014, wọ́n kéde pé Fatai ti fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè [[Índíà|Íńdíà]], Mohun Bagan, ti ìdíje I-League . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=25 July 2023}}</ref> Ṣùgbọ́n, ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2014, wọ́n mú òpin bá àdéhùn rẹ látàrí wípé kò ṣe àtúnṣe sí àwọn gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ àti àṣà eré ìdárayá orílè-èdè Íńdíà. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=3 March 2016}}</ref> Sibẹsibẹ, ni ọjọ karun oṣu kọkanla, ṣaaju ki ṣáá náa to bẹrẹ, wọn mú òpin bá àdéhùn Adisa ninu ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mohun Bagan. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Mohun Bagan release Adisa Alao|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2014/11/05/5845941/mohun-bagan-release-adisa-alao|accessdate=25 May 2015|work=Goal.com|date=5 November 2014}}</ref> == Àwọn ìṣirò iṣẹ́ == === Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù === ''Àwọn ìṣirò tó péye ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2012'' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Ẹgbẹ́ ! rowspan="2" | Àkókò ! colspan="3" | Ajumọṣe ! colspan="3" | Ife ! colspan="3" | AFC ! colspan="3" | Àròpọ̀ |- ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ |- | rowspan="1" | Al-Oruba | 2011–12 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 23 | 4 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Àròpọ̀ iṣẹ́ tí a ṣe ! 16 ! 1 ! 0 ! 1 ! 1 ! 0 ! 6 ! 2 ! 0 ! 23 ! 4 ! 0 |} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1986]] ecvgimdw3gf1o766lcxw7f67m0qw7bz 624847 624846 2026-07-01T22:27:04Z Royalesignature 26633 624847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Alao Fatai | image = | fullname = Alao Fatai Adisa | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|11|30|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Kwara State|Kwara]], Nigeria | height = | currentclub = | position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = [[Kwara United F.C.]] | years1 = 2008 | clubs1 = [[Al-Ittihad SCC (Ibb)|Al-Ittihad]] | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2009–2014 | clubs2 = [[Al-Oruba (Zabid)|Al-Oruba]] | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 2014 | clubs3 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] | caps3 = | goals3 = | pcupdate = }} '''Alao Fatai Adisa''' (ọjọ ibì 30 November 1986 ni ìpínlẹ̀ [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara]] ) je [[Boolu-afesegba|agbaboolu]] ọwọ ẹ̀yin fún orílẹ̀èdè [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|Naijiria]] . == Iṣẹ́ == === Al-Oruba === Adisa dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Oruba ní ọdún 2009 láti inú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Al-Ittihad (Ibb) . Ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Al-Oruba ní ọdún 2012 nínú ìdíje líìgì AFC Cup ti ọdún 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=11 September 2012}}</ref> === Mohun Bagan === Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2014, wọ́n kéde pé Fatai ti fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè [[Índíà|Íńdíà]], Mohun Bagan, ti ìdíje I-League . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=25 July 2023}}</ref> Ṣùgbọ́n, ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2014, wọ́n mú òpin bá àdéhùn rẹ látàrí wípé kò ṣe àtúnṣe sí àwọn gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ àti àṣà eré ìdárayá orílè-èdè Íńdíà. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=3 March 2016}}</ref> Sibẹsibẹ, ni ọjọ karun oṣu kọkanla, ṣaaju ki ṣáá náa to bẹrẹ, wọn mú òpin bá àdéhùn Adisa ninu ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mohun Bagan. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Mohun Bagan release Adisa Alao|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2014/11/05/5845941/mohun-bagan-release-adisa-alao|accessdate=25 May 2015|work=Goal.com|date=5 November 2014}}</ref> == Àwọn ìṣirò iṣẹ́ == === Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù === ''Àwọn ìṣirò tó péye ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2012'' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Ẹgbẹ́ ! rowspan="2" | Àkókò ! colspan="3" | Ajumọṣe ! colspan="3" | Ife ! colspan="3" | AFC ! colspan="3" | Àròpọ̀ |- ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ |- | rowspan="1" | Al-Oruba | 2011–12 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 23 | 4 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Àròpọ̀ iṣẹ́ tí a ṣe ! 16 ! 1 ! 0 ! 1 ! 1 ! 0 ! 6 ! 2 ! 0 ! 23 ! 4 ! 0 |} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1986]] 9dqtz20uqp11d864g3tuzv2ziqkpoxx 624848 624847 2026-07-01T22:27:46Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Al-Oruba */ 624848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Alao Fatai | image = | fullname = Alao Fatai Adisa | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|11|30|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Kwara State|Kwara]], Nigeria | height = | currentclub = | position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = [[Kwara United F.C.]] | years1 = 2008 | clubs1 = [[Al-Ittihad SCC (Ibb)|Al-Ittihad]] | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2009–2014 | clubs2 = [[Al-Oruba (Zabid)|Al-Oruba]] | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 2014 | clubs3 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] | caps3 = | goals3 = | pcupdate = }} '''Alao Fatai Adisa''' (ọjọ ibì 30 November 1986 ni ìpínlẹ̀ [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara]] ) je [[Boolu-afesegba|agbaboolu]] ọwọ ẹ̀yin fún orílẹ̀èdè [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|Naijiria]] . == Iṣẹ́ == === Al-Oruba === Adisa dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Oruba ní ọdún 2009 láti inú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Al-Ittihad (Ibb).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/indian-football-transfers-a-recap-of-top-10-rumors-doing-the-round/|title=Indian Football Transfers: A Recap Of Top 10 Rumors|work=TheHardTackle.com}}</ref> Ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Al-Oruba ní ọdún 2012 nínú ìdíje líìgì AFC Cup ti ọdún 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=11 September 2012}}</ref> === Mohun Bagan === Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2014, wọ́n kéde pé Fatai ti fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè [[Índíà|Íńdíà]], Mohun Bagan, ti ìdíje I-League . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=25 July 2023}}</ref> Ṣùgbọ́n, ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2014, wọ́n mú òpin bá àdéhùn rẹ látàrí wípé kò ṣe àtúnṣe sí àwọn gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ àti àṣà eré ìdárayá orílè-èdè Íńdíà. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=3 March 2016}}</ref> Sibẹsibẹ, ni ọjọ karun oṣu kọkanla, ṣaaju ki ṣáá náa to bẹrẹ, wọn mú òpin bá àdéhùn Adisa ninu ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mohun Bagan. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Mohun Bagan release Adisa Alao|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2014/11/05/5845941/mohun-bagan-release-adisa-alao|accessdate=25 May 2015|work=Goal.com|date=5 November 2014}}</ref> == Àwọn ìṣirò iṣẹ́ == === Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù === ''Àwọn ìṣirò tó péye ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2012'' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Ẹgbẹ́ ! rowspan="2" | Àkókò ! colspan="3" | Ajumọṣe ! colspan="3" | Ife ! colspan="3" | AFC ! colspan="3" | Àròpọ̀ |- ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ |- | rowspan="1" | Al-Oruba | 2011–12 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 23 | 4 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Àròpọ̀ iṣẹ́ tí a ṣe ! 16 ! 1 ! 0 ! 1 ! 1 ! 0 ! 6 ! 2 ! 0 ! 23 ! 4 ! 0 |} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1986]] 5u15fh2vba57cvc6hh6no6dpunnavi9 624850 624848 2026-07-01T22:30:08Z Royalesignature 26633 624850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Alao Fatai | image = | fullname = Alao Fatai Adisa | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|11|30|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Kwara State|Kwara]], Nigeria | height = | currentclub = | position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = [[Kwara United F.C.]] | years1 = 2008 | clubs1 = [[Al-Ittihad SCC (Ibb)|Al-Ittihad]] | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2009–2014 | clubs2 = [[Al-Oruba (Zabid)|Al-Oruba]] | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 2014 | clubs3 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] | caps3 = | goals3 = | pcupdate = }} '''Alao Fatai Adisa''' (ọjọ ibì 30 November 1986 ni ìpínlẹ̀ [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara]] ) je [[Boolu-afesegba|agbaboolu]] ọwọ ẹ̀yin fún orílẹ̀èdè [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|Naijiria]] . == Iṣẹ́ == === Al-Oruba === Adisa dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Oruba ní ọdún 2009 láti inú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Al-Ittihad (Ibb).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/indian-football-transfers-a-recap-of-top-10-rumors-doing-the-round/|title=Indian Football Transfers: A Recap Of Top 10 Rumors|work=TheHardTackle.com}}</ref> Ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Al-Oruba ní ọdún 2012 nínú ìdíje líìgì AFC Cup ti ọdún 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=11 September 2012}}</ref> === Mohun Bagan === Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2014, wọ́n kéde pé Fatai ti fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè [[Índíà|Íńdíà]], Mohun Bagan, ti ìdíje I-League . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=25 July 2023}}</ref> Ṣùgbọ́n, ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2014, wọ́n mú òpin bá àdéhùn rẹ látàrí wípé kò ṣe àtúnṣe sí àwọn gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ àti àṣà eré ìdárayá orílè-èdè Íńdíà. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=3 March 2016}}</ref> Sibẹsibẹ, ni ọjọ karun oṣu kọkanla, ṣaaju ki ṣáá náa to bẹrẹ, wọn mú òpin bá àdéhùn Adisa ninu ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mohun Bagan. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Mohun Bagan release Adisa Alao|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2014/11/05/5845941/mohun-bagan-release-adisa-alao|accessdate=25 May 2015|work=Goal.com|date=5 November 2014}}</ref> == Àwọn ìṣirò iṣẹ́ == === Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù === ''Àwọn ìṣirò tó péye ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2012'' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Ẹgbẹ́ ! rowspan="2" | Àkókò ! colspan="3" | Ajumọṣe ! colspan="3" | Ife ! colspan="3" | AFC ! colspan="3" | Àròpọ̀ |- ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ |- | rowspan="1" | Al-Oruba | 2011–12 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 23 | 4 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Àròpọ̀ iṣẹ́ tí a ṣe ! 16 ! 1 ! 0 ! 1 ! 1 ! 0 ! 6 ! 2 ! 0 ! 23 ! 4 ! 0 |} == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1986]] 6u2on541po4o6eu7eisfjgcl55l1jxy 624851 624850 2026-07-01T22:31:07Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Al-Oruba */ 624851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Alao Fatai | image = | fullname = Alao Fatai Adisa | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|11|30|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Kwara State|Kwara]], Nigeria | height = | currentclub = | position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = [[Kwara United F.C.]] | years1 = 2008 | clubs1 = [[Al-Ittihad SCC (Ibb)|Al-Ittihad]] | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2009–2014 | clubs2 = [[Al-Oruba (Zabid)|Al-Oruba]] | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 2014 | clubs3 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] | caps3 = | goals3 = | pcupdate = }} '''Alao Fatai Adisa''' (ọjọ ibì 30 November 1986 ni ìpínlẹ̀ [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara]] ) je [[Boolu-afesegba|agbaboolu]] ọwọ ẹ̀yin fún orílẹ̀èdè [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|Naijiria]] . == Iṣẹ́ == === Al-Oruba === Adisa dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Oruba ní ọdún 2009 láti inú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Al-Ittihad (Ibb).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/indian-football-transfers-a-recap-of-top-10-rumors-doing-the-round/|title=Indian Football Transfers: A Recap Of Top 10 Rumors|work=TheHardTackle.com}}</ref> Ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Al-Oruba ní ọdún 2012 nínú ìdíje líìgì AFC Cup ti ọdún 2012. === Mohun Bagan === Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2014, wọ́n kéde pé Fatai ti fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè [[Índíà|Íńdíà]], Mohun Bagan, ti ìdíje I-League . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=25 July 2023}}</ref> Ṣùgbọ́n, ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2014, wọ́n mú òpin bá àdéhùn rẹ látàrí wípé kò ṣe àtúnṣe sí àwọn gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ àti àṣà eré ìdárayá orílè-èdè Íńdíà. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=3 March 2016}}</ref> Sibẹsibẹ, ni ọjọ karun oṣu kọkanla, ṣaaju ki ṣáá náa to bẹrẹ, wọn mú òpin bá àdéhùn Adisa ninu ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mohun Bagan. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Mohun Bagan release Adisa Alao|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2014/11/05/5845941/mohun-bagan-release-adisa-alao|accessdate=25 May 2015|work=Goal.com|date=5 November 2014}}</ref> == Àwọn ìṣirò iṣẹ́ == === Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù === ''Àwọn ìṣirò tó péye ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2012'' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Ẹgbẹ́ ! rowspan="2" | Àkókò ! colspan="3" | Ajumọṣe ! colspan="3" | Ife ! colspan="3" | AFC ! colspan="3" | Àròpọ̀ |- ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ |- | rowspan="1" | Al-Oruba | 2011–12 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 23 | 4 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Àròpọ̀ iṣẹ́ tí a ṣe ! 16 ! 1 ! 0 ! 1 ! 1 ! 0 ! 6 ! 2 ! 0 ! 23 ! 4 ! 0 |} == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1986]] qwmuqzaqvlrewgmtj1csgo9rfumlzsh 624852 624851 2026-07-01T22:32:37Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Mohun Bagan */ 624852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Alao Fatai | image = | fullname = Alao Fatai Adisa | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|11|30|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Kwara State|Kwara]], Nigeria | height = | currentclub = | position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = [[Kwara United F.C.]] | years1 = 2008 | clubs1 = [[Al-Ittihad SCC (Ibb)|Al-Ittihad]] | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2009–2014 | clubs2 = [[Al-Oruba (Zabid)|Al-Oruba]] | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 2014 | clubs3 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] | caps3 = | goals3 = | pcupdate = }} '''Alao Fatai Adisa''' (ọjọ ibì 30 November 1986 ni ìpínlẹ̀ [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara]] ) je [[Boolu-afesegba|agbaboolu]] ọwọ ẹ̀yin fún orílẹ̀èdè [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|Naijiria]] . == Iṣẹ́ == === Al-Oruba === Adisa dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Oruba ní ọdún 2009 láti inú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Al-Ittihad (Ibb).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/indian-football-transfers-a-recap-of-top-10-rumors-doing-the-round/|title=Indian Football Transfers: A Recap Of Top 10 Rumors|work=TheHardTackle.com}}</ref> Ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Al-Oruba ní ọdún 2012 nínú ìdíje líìgì AFC Cup ti ọdún 2012. === Mohun Bagan === Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2014, wọ́n kéde pé Fatai ti fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè [[Índíà|Íńdíà]], Mohun Bagan, ti ìdíje I-League.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mohun Bagan signs Al-Oruba’s Nigerian Defender|url=http://www.indianfootballnetwork.com/blog/2014/06/26/mohun-bagan-signs-al-orubas-nigerian-defender/|website=Indian Football Network|accessdate=26 June 2014|archive-date=25 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725062326/http://www.indianfootballnetwork.com/blog/2014/06/26/mohun-bagan-signs-al-orubas-nigerian-defender/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2014/reinforced-mohun-bagan-look-to-end-trophy-drought-under-subhash-bhowmick/|title=Mohun Bagan Look To End Trophy Drought With Subhash Bhowmick|work=TheHardTackle.com}}</ref> Ṣùgbọ́n, ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2014, wọ́n mú òpin bá àdéhùn rẹ látàrí wípé kò ṣe àtúnṣe sí àwọn gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ àti àṣà eré ìdárayá orílè-èdè Íńdíà. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=3 March 2016}}</ref> Sibẹsibẹ, ni ọjọ karun oṣu kọkanla, ṣaaju ki ṣáá náa to bẹrẹ, wọn mú òpin bá àdéhùn Adisa ninu ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mohun Bagan. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Mohun Bagan release Adisa Alao|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2014/11/05/5845941/mohun-bagan-release-adisa-alao|accessdate=25 May 2015|work=Goal.com|date=5 November 2014}}</ref> == Àwọn ìṣirò iṣẹ́ == === Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù === ''Àwọn ìṣirò tó péye ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2012'' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Ẹgbẹ́ ! rowspan="2" | Àkókò ! colspan="3" | Ajumọṣe ! colspan="3" | Ife ! colspan="3" | AFC ! colspan="3" | Àròpọ̀ |- ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ |- | rowspan="1" | Al-Oruba | 2011–12 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 23 | 4 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Àròpọ̀ iṣẹ́ tí a ṣe ! 16 ! 1 ! 0 ! 1 ! 1 ! 0 ! 6 ! 2 ! 0 ! 23 ! 4 ! 0 |} == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1986]] nl8j7v1jz2ep48980b5jpamb22ha4is 624853 624852 2026-07-01T22:33:39Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Mohun Bagan */ 624853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Alao Fatai | image = | fullname = Alao Fatai Adisa | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|11|30|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Kwara State|Kwara]], Nigeria | height = | currentclub = | position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = [[Kwara United F.C.]] | years1 = 2008 | clubs1 = [[Al-Ittihad SCC (Ibb)|Al-Ittihad]] | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2009–2014 | clubs2 = [[Al-Oruba (Zabid)|Al-Oruba]] | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 2014 | clubs3 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] | caps3 = | goals3 = | pcupdate = }} '''Alao Fatai Adisa''' (ọjọ ibì 30 November 1986 ni ìpínlẹ̀ [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara]] ) je [[Boolu-afesegba|agbaboolu]] ọwọ ẹ̀yin fún orílẹ̀èdè [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|Naijiria]] . == Iṣẹ́ == === Al-Oruba === Adisa dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Oruba ní ọdún 2009 láti inú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Al-Ittihad (Ibb).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/indian-football-transfers-a-recap-of-top-10-rumors-doing-the-round/|title=Indian Football Transfers: A Recap Of Top 10 Rumors|work=TheHardTackle.com}}</ref> Ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Al-Oruba ní ọdún 2012 nínú ìdíje líìgì AFC Cup ti ọdún 2012. === Mohun Bagan === Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2014, wọ́n kéde pé Fatai ti fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè [[Índíà|Íńdíà]], Mohun Bagan, ti ìdíje I-League.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mohun Bagan signs Al-Oruba’s Nigerian Defender|url=http://www.indianfootballnetwork.com/blog/2014/06/26/mohun-bagan-signs-al-orubas-nigerian-defender/|website=Indian Football Network|accessdate=26 June 2014|archive-date=25 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725062326/http://www.indianfootballnetwork.com/blog/2014/06/26/mohun-bagan-signs-al-orubas-nigerian-defender/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2014/reinforced-mohun-bagan-look-to-end-trophy-drought-under-subhash-bhowmick/|title=Mohun Bagan Look To End Trophy Drought With Subhash Bhowmick|work=TheHardTackle.com}}</ref> Ṣùgbọ́n, ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2014, wọ́n mú òpin bá àdéhùn rẹ látàrí wípé kò ṣe àtúnṣe sí àwọn gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ àti àṣà eré ìdárayá orílè-èdè Íńdíà.<ref>{{cite web|title=McDowell Mohun Bagan release Alao Fatai Adisa|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowell-mohun-bagan-release-alao-fatai-adisa-6102|publisher=Mohun Bagan AC|accessdate=5 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303131726/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowell-mohun-bagan-release-alao-fatai-adisa-6102|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sibẹsibẹ, ni ọjọ karun oṣu kọkanla, ṣaaju ki ṣáá náa to bẹrẹ, wọn mú òpin bá àdéhùn Adisa ninu ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mohun Bagan. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Mohun Bagan release Adisa Alao|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2014/11/05/5845941/mohun-bagan-release-adisa-alao|accessdate=25 May 2015|work=Goal.com|date=5 November 2014}}</ref> == Àwọn ìṣirò iṣẹ́ == === Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù === ''Àwọn ìṣirò tó péye ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2012'' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Ẹgbẹ́ ! rowspan="2" | Àkókò ! colspan="3" | Ajumọṣe ! colspan="3" | Ife ! colspan="3" | AFC ! colspan="3" | Àròpọ̀ |- ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ |- | rowspan="1" | Al-Oruba | 2011–12 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 23 | 4 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Àròpọ̀ iṣẹ́ tí a ṣe ! 16 ! 1 ! 0 ! 1 ! 1 ! 0 ! 6 ! 2 ! 0 ! 23 ! 4 ! 0 |} == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1986]] 9e24k9yk5ct5m1jsgcnm3h3wrcz206y 624854 624853 2026-07-01T22:34:19Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Mohun Bagan */ 624854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Alao Fatai | image = | fullname = Alao Fatai Adisa | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|11|30|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Kwara State|Kwara]], Nigeria | height = | currentclub = | position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = [[Kwara United F.C.]] | years1 = 2008 | clubs1 = [[Al-Ittihad SCC (Ibb)|Al-Ittihad]] | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2009–2014 | clubs2 = [[Al-Oruba (Zabid)|Al-Oruba]] | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 2014 | clubs3 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] | caps3 = | goals3 = | pcupdate = }} '''Alao Fatai Adisa''' (ọjọ ibì 30 November 1986 ni ìpínlẹ̀ [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara]] ) je [[Boolu-afesegba|agbaboolu]] ọwọ ẹ̀yin fún orílẹ̀èdè [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|Naijiria]] . == Iṣẹ́ == === Al-Oruba === Adisa dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Oruba ní ọdún 2009 láti inú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Al-Ittihad (Ibb).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/indian-football-transfers-a-recap-of-top-10-rumors-doing-the-round/|title=Indian Football Transfers: A Recap Of Top 10 Rumors|work=TheHardTackle.com}}</ref> Ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Al-Oruba ní ọdún 2012 nínú ìdíje líìgì AFC Cup ti ọdún 2012. === Mohun Bagan === Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2014, wọ́n kéde pé Fatai ti fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè [[Índíà|Íńdíà]], Mohun Bagan, ti ìdíje I-League.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mohun Bagan signs Al-Oruba’s Nigerian Defender|url=http://www.indianfootballnetwork.com/blog/2014/06/26/mohun-bagan-signs-al-orubas-nigerian-defender/|website=Indian Football Network|accessdate=26 June 2014|archive-date=25 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725062326/http://www.indianfootballnetwork.com/blog/2014/06/26/mohun-bagan-signs-al-orubas-nigerian-defender/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2014/reinforced-mohun-bagan-look-to-end-trophy-drought-under-subhash-bhowmick/|title=Mohun Bagan Look To End Trophy Drought With Subhash Bhowmick|work=TheHardTackle.com}}</ref> Ṣùgbọ́n, ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2014, wọ́n mú òpin bá àdéhùn rẹ látàrí wípé kò ṣe àtúnṣe sí àwọn gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ àti àṣà eré ìdárayá orílè-èdè Íńdíà.<ref>{{cite web|title=McDowell Mohun Bagan release Alao Fatai Adisa|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowell-mohun-bagan-release-alao-fatai-adisa-6102|publisher=Mohun Bagan AC|accessdate=5 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303131726/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowell-mohun-bagan-release-alao-fatai-adisa-6102|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sibẹsibẹ, ni ọjọ karun oṣu kọkanla, ṣaaju ki ṣáá náa to bẹrẹ, wọn mú òpin bá àdéhùn Adisa ninu ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mohun Bagan.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mohun Bagan release Adisa Alao|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2014/11/05/5845941/mohun-bagan-release-adisa-alao|accessdate=25 May 2015|work=Goal.com|date=5 November 2014}}</ref> == Àwọn ìṣirò iṣẹ́ == === Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù === ''Àwọn ìṣirò tó péye ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2012'' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Ẹgbẹ́ ! rowspan="2" | Àkókò ! colspan="3" | Ajumọṣe ! colspan="3" | Ife ! colspan="3" | AFC ! colspan="3" | Àròpọ̀ |- ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ |- | rowspan="1" | Al-Oruba | 2011–12 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 23 | 4 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Àròpọ̀ iṣẹ́ tí a ṣe ! 16 ! 1 ! 0 ! 1 ! 1 ! 0 ! 6 ! 2 ! 0 ! 23 ! 4 ! 0 |} == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1986]] 7go3xqoup6e2hhey0dz0r03xx34ic22 624855 624854 2026-07-01T22:35:08Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Iṣẹ́ */ 624855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Alao Fatai | image = | fullname = Alao Fatai Adisa | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|11|30|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Kwara State|Kwara]], Nigeria | height = | currentclub = | position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = [[Kwara United F.C.]] | years1 = 2008 | clubs1 = [[Al-Ittihad SCC (Ibb)|Al-Ittihad]] | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2009–2014 | clubs2 = [[Al-Oruba (Zabid)|Al-Oruba]] | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 2014 | clubs3 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] | caps3 = | goals3 = | pcupdate = }} '''Alao Fatai Adisa''' (ọjọ ibì 30 November 1986 ni ìpínlẹ̀ [[Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwara|Kwara]] ) je [[Boolu-afesegba|agbaboolu]] ọwọ ẹ̀yin fún orílẹ̀èdè [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|Naijiria]] . == Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù== === Al-Oruba === Adisa dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Oruba ní ọdún 2009 láti inú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Al-Ittihad (Ibb).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/indian-football-transfers-a-recap-of-top-10-rumors-doing-the-round/|title=Indian Football Transfers: A Recap Of Top 10 Rumors|work=TheHardTackle.com}}</ref> Ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Al-Oruba ní ọdún 2012 nínú ìdíje líìgì AFC Cup ti ọdún 2012. === Mohun Bagan === Ní ọjọ́ kẹrìndínlógún oṣù kẹfà ọdún 2014, wọ́n kéde pé Fatai ti fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè [[Índíà|Íńdíà]], Mohun Bagan, ti ìdíje I-League.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mohun Bagan signs Al-Oruba’s Nigerian Defender|url=http://www.indianfootballnetwork.com/blog/2014/06/26/mohun-bagan-signs-al-orubas-nigerian-defender/|website=Indian Football Network|accessdate=26 June 2014|archive-date=25 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725062326/http://www.indianfootballnetwork.com/blog/2014/06/26/mohun-bagan-signs-al-orubas-nigerian-defender/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2014/reinforced-mohun-bagan-look-to-end-trophy-drought-under-subhash-bhowmick/|title=Mohun Bagan Look To End Trophy Drought With Subhash Bhowmick|work=TheHardTackle.com}}</ref> Ṣùgbọ́n, ní ọjọ́ karùn-ún oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 2014, wọ́n mú òpin bá àdéhùn rẹ látàrí wípé kò ṣe àtúnṣe sí àwọn gbígba bọ́ọ̀lù rẹ̀ àti àṣà eré ìdárayá orílè-èdè Íńdíà.<ref>{{cite web|title=McDowell Mohun Bagan release Alao Fatai Adisa|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowell-mohun-bagan-release-alao-fatai-adisa-6102|publisher=Mohun Bagan AC|accessdate=5 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303131726/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowell-mohun-bagan-release-alao-fatai-adisa-6102|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sibẹsibẹ, ni ọjọ karun oṣu kọkanla, ṣaaju ki ṣáá náa to bẹrẹ, wọn mú òpin bá àdéhùn Adisa ninu ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mohun Bagan.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mohun Bagan release Adisa Alao|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2014/11/05/5845941/mohun-bagan-release-adisa-alao|accessdate=25 May 2015|work=Goal.com|date=5 November 2014}}</ref> == Àwọn ìṣirò iṣẹ́ == === Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù === ''Àwọn ìṣirò tó péye ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 2012'' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Ẹgbẹ́ ! rowspan="2" | Àkókò ! colspan="3" | Ajumọṣe ! colspan="3" | Ife ! colspan="3" | AFC ! colspan="3" | Àròpọ̀ |- ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ ! Àwọn àpù ! Àwọn góólù ! Àwọn Ìrànlọ́wọ́ |- | rowspan="1" | Al-Oruba | 2011–12 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 23 | 4 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Àròpọ̀ iṣẹ́ tí a ṣe ! 16 ! 1 ! 0 ! 1 ! 1 ! 0 ! 6 ! 2 ! 0 ! 23 ! 4 ! 0 |} == Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1986]] cbibxw5cqiumho9q8o6hy3e42a4ayhx 0 80790 624857 2026-07-01T22:41:31Z Royalesignature 26633 O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1320834378|Friday Elahor]]" 624857 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Friday Elahor''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 1967) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tẹ́lẹ̀ tí ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba àti ti agbábọ́ọ̀lù àgbáyé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù ní àárín gbùngbùn . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=1 February 2022}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ == Elahor gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní orílè-èdè bí Nàìjíríà, Denmark, Ivory Coast àti India fún àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù bíi ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bendel Insurance, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[ACB Lagos]], Iwuanyanwu Nationale, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brøndby, Africa Sports, [[Nigerdock Lagos]], FC Kochin àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mohun Bagan . <ref name="NFT">{{Cite web|archivedate=29 October 2019}}</ref> Ó tún jẹ́ olórí àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún orílẹ̀èdè Nàìjíríà fun ìgbà mẹ́rìnlá fún àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] láàárín ọdún 1990 sí 1993, <ref name="NFT">{{Cite web|archivedate=29 October 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFStrack-Zimmermann">Strack-Zimmermann, Benjamin. [https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/22758/Friday_Elahor.html "Friday Elahor (Player)"]. ''National Football Teams''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191029071656/https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/22758/Friday_Elahor.html Archived] from the original on 29 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> ó sì kópa nínú ìdíje African Cup of Nations ní ọdún 1990. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1967]] ifmyliqfhk4m75qvf58qdrambrn5xf3 624858 624857 2026-07-01T22:42:21Z Royalesignature 26633 624858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Friday Elahor |image = |caption = |full_name = |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1967|11|14|df=y}} |birth_place = |height = |position = [[Midfielder]] |youthyears1 = |youthclubs1 = |years1 = 1986 |clubs1 = [[Bendel Insurance F.C.|Bendel Insurance]] |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 1987–1988 |clubs2 = [[ACB Lagos]] |caps2 = |goals2 = |years3 = 1989 |clubs3 = [[Heartland F.C.|Iwuanyanwu Nationale]] |caps3 = |goals3 = |years4 = 1990–1992 |clubs4 = [[Brøndby IF|Brøndby]] |caps4 = 14 |goals4 = 1 |years5 = 1992–1994 |clubs5 = [[Africa Sports National|Africa Sports]] |caps5 = |goals5 = |years6 = 1995 |clubs6 = [[Nigerdock Lagos]] |caps6 = |goals6 = |years7 = 1997–1998 |clubs7 = [[FC Kochin]] |caps7 = |goals7 = |years8 = 1998–1999 |clubs8 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] |caps8 = |goals8 = |nationalyears1 = 1990–1993 |nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] |nationalcaps1 = 14 |nationalgoals1 = 1 }} '''Friday Elahor''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 1967) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tẹ́lẹ̀ tí ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba àti ti agbábọ́ọ̀lù àgbáyé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù ní àárín gbùngbùn . <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=1 February 2022}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ == Elahor gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní orílè-èdè bí Nàìjíríà, Denmark, Ivory Coast àti India fún àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù bíi ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bendel Insurance, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[ACB Lagos]], Iwuanyanwu Nationale, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brøndby, Africa Sports, [[Nigerdock Lagos]], FC Kochin àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mohun Bagan . <ref name="NFT">{{Cite web|archivedate=29 October 2019}}</ref> Ó tún jẹ́ olórí àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún orílẹ̀èdè Nàìjíríà fun ìgbà mẹ́rìnlá fún àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] láàárín ọdún 1990 sí 1993, <ref name="NFT">{{Cite web|archivedate=29 October 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFStrack-Zimmermann">Strack-Zimmermann, Benjamin. [https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/22758/Friday_Elahor.html "Friday Elahor (Player)"]. ''National Football Teams''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191029071656/https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/22758/Friday_Elahor.html Archived] from the original on 29 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> ó sì kópa nínú ìdíje African Cup of Nations ní ọdún 1990. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1967]] tp9pmn94a89uum56d05wbqpf343y06o 624859 624858 2026-07-01T22:43:13Z Royalesignature 26633 624859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Friday Elahor |image = |caption = |full_name = |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1967|11|14|df=y}} |birth_place = |height = |position = [[Midfielder]] |youthyears1 = |youthclubs1 = |years1 = 1986 |clubs1 = [[Bendel Insurance F.C.|Bendel Insurance]] |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 1987–1988 |clubs2 = [[ACB Lagos]] |caps2 = |goals2 = |years3 = 1989 |clubs3 = [[Heartland F.C.|Iwuanyanwu Nationale]] |caps3 = |goals3 = |years4 = 1990–1992 |clubs4 = [[Brøndby IF|Brøndby]] |caps4 = 14 |goals4 = 1 |years5 = 1992–1994 |clubs5 = [[Africa Sports National|Africa Sports]] |caps5 = |goals5 = |years6 = 1995 |clubs6 = [[Nigerdock Lagos]] |caps6 = |goals6 = |years7 = 1997–1998 |clubs7 = [[FC Kochin]] |caps7 = |goals7 = |years8 = 1998–1999 |clubs8 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] |caps8 = |goals8 = |nationalyears1 = 1990–1993 |nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] |nationalcaps1 = 14 |nationalgoals1 = 1 }} '''Friday Elahor''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 1967) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tẹ́lẹ̀ tí ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba àti ti agbábọ́ọ̀lù àgbáyé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù ní àárín gbùngbùn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/19980202-with-over-rs-1-cr-as-prize-money-for-philips-league-local-clubs-sign-up-foreign-players-825596-1998-02-02|title=With over Rs 1 cr as prize money for Philips League, local clubs sign up foreign players|date=2 February 1998|access-date=1 February 2022|first=Binoo|last=K. John|website=www.indiatoday.in|publisher=[[India Today]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201101437/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/19980202-with-over-rs-1-cr-as-prize-money-for-philips-league-local-clubs-sign-up-foreign-players-825596-1998-02-02|archive-date=1 February 2022}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ == Elahor gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní orílè-èdè bí Nàìjíríà, Denmark, Ivory Coast àti India fún àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù bíi ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bendel Insurance, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[ACB Lagos]], Iwuanyanwu Nationale, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brøndby, Africa Sports, [[Nigerdock Lagos]], FC Kochin àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mohun Bagan . <ref name="NFT">{{Cite web|archivedate=29 October 2019}}</ref> Ó tún jẹ́ olórí àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún orílẹ̀èdè Nàìjíríà fun ìgbà mẹ́rìnlá fún àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] láàárín ọdún 1990 sí 1993, <ref name="NFT">{{Cite web|archivedate=29 October 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFStrack-Zimmermann">Strack-Zimmermann, Benjamin. [https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/22758/Friday_Elahor.html "Friday Elahor (Player)"]. ''National Football Teams''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191029071656/https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/22758/Friday_Elahor.html Archived] from the original on 29 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> ó sì kópa nínú ìdíje African Cup of Nations ní ọdún 1990. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1967]] 8uoa8cmb1psqb1q8ym3h16pritq2cuy 624860 624859 2026-07-01T22:44:01Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Iṣẹ́ */ 624860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Friday Elahor |image = |caption = |full_name = |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1967|11|14|df=y}} |birth_place = |height = |position = [[Midfielder]] |youthyears1 = |youthclubs1 = |years1 = 1986 |clubs1 = [[Bendel Insurance F.C.|Bendel Insurance]] |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 1987–1988 |clubs2 = [[ACB Lagos]] |caps2 = |goals2 = |years3 = 1989 |clubs3 = [[Heartland F.C.|Iwuanyanwu Nationale]] |caps3 = |goals3 = |years4 = 1990–1992 |clubs4 = [[Brøndby IF|Brøndby]] |caps4 = 14 |goals4 = 1 |years5 = 1992–1994 |clubs5 = [[Africa Sports National|Africa Sports]] |caps5 = |goals5 = |years6 = 1995 |clubs6 = [[Nigerdock Lagos]] |caps6 = |goals6 = |years7 = 1997–1998 |clubs7 = [[FC Kochin]] |caps7 = |goals7 = |years8 = 1998–1999 |clubs8 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] |caps8 = |goals8 = |nationalyears1 = 1990–1993 |nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] |nationalcaps1 = 14 |nationalgoals1 = 1 }} '''Friday Elahor''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 1967) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tẹ́lẹ̀ tí ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba àti ti agbábọ́ọ̀lù àgbáyé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù ní àárín gbùngbùn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/19980202-with-over-rs-1-cr-as-prize-money-for-philips-league-local-clubs-sign-up-foreign-players-825596-1998-02-02|title=With over Rs 1 cr as prize money for Philips League, local clubs sign up foreign players|date=2 February 1998|access-date=1 February 2022|first=Binoo|last=K. John|website=www.indiatoday.in|publisher=[[India Today]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201101437/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/19980202-with-over-rs-1-cr-as-prize-money-for-philips-league-local-clubs-sign-up-foreign-players-825596-1998-02-02|archive-date=1 February 2022}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ == Elahor gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní orílè-èdè bí Nàìjíríà, Denmark, Ivory Coast àti India fún àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù bíi ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bendel Insurance, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[ACB Lagos]], Iwuanyanwu Nationale, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brøndby, Africa Sports, [[Nigerdock Lagos]], FC Kochin àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mohun Bagan.<ref name = "NFT">{{Cite web|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/22758/Friday_Elahor.html|last=Strack-Zimmermann|first=Benjamin|title=Friday Elahor (Player)|access-date=5 June 2024|website=National Football Teams|archive-date=29 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029071656/https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/22758/Friday_Elahor.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ó tún jẹ́ olórí àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún orílẹ̀èdè Nàìjíríà fun ìgbà mẹ́rìnlá fún àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] láàárín ọdún 1990 sí 1993, <ref name="NFT">{{Cite web|archivedate=29 October 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFStrack-Zimmermann">Strack-Zimmermann, Benjamin. [https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/22758/Friday_Elahor.html "Friday Elahor (Player)"]. ''National Football Teams''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191029071656/https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/22758/Friday_Elahor.html Archived] from the original on 29 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> ó sì kópa nínú ìdíje African Cup of Nations ní ọdún 1990. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1967]] ihxarcosy832f6ghyad0zc37vbk2tcx 624861 624860 2026-07-01T22:45:48Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Iṣẹ́ */ 624861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Friday Elahor |image = |caption = |full_name = |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1967|11|14|df=y}} |birth_place = |height = |position = [[Midfielder]] |youthyears1 = |youthclubs1 = |years1 = 1986 |clubs1 = [[Bendel Insurance F.C.|Bendel Insurance]] |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 1987–1988 |clubs2 = [[ACB Lagos]] |caps2 = |goals2 = |years3 = 1989 |clubs3 = [[Heartland F.C.|Iwuanyanwu Nationale]] |caps3 = |goals3 = |years4 = 1990–1992 |clubs4 = [[Brøndby IF|Brøndby]] |caps4 = 14 |goals4 = 1 |years5 = 1992–1994 |clubs5 = [[Africa Sports National|Africa Sports]] |caps5 = |goals5 = |years6 = 1995 |clubs6 = [[Nigerdock Lagos]] |caps6 = |goals6 = |years7 = 1997–1998 |clubs7 = [[FC Kochin]] |caps7 = |goals7 = |years8 = 1998–1999 |clubs8 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] |caps8 = |goals8 = |nationalyears1 = 1990–1993 |nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] |nationalcaps1 = 14 |nationalgoals1 = 1 }} '''Friday Elahor''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kẹrìnlá oṣù kọkànlá ọdún 1967) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà tẹ́lẹ̀ tí ó gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba àti ti agbábọ́ọ̀lù àgbáyé gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù ní àárín gbùngbùn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/19980202-with-over-rs-1-cr-as-prize-money-for-philips-league-local-clubs-sign-up-foreign-players-825596-1998-02-02|title=With over Rs 1 cr as prize money for Philips League, local clubs sign up foreign players|date=2 February 1998|access-date=1 February 2022|first=Binoo|last=K. John|website=www.indiatoday.in|publisher=[[India Today]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201101437/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/19980202-with-over-rs-1-cr-as-prize-money-for-philips-league-local-clubs-sign-up-foreign-players-825596-1998-02-02|archive-date=1 February 2022}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ == Elahor gbá bọ́ọ̀lù ní orílè-èdè bí Nàìjíríà, Denmark, Ivory Coast àti India fún àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù bíi ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Bendel Insurance, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[ACB Lagos]], Iwuanyanwu Nationale, ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Brøndby, Africa Sports, [[Nigerdock Lagos]], FC Kochin àti ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mohun Bagan.<ref name = "NFT">{{Cite web|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/22758/Friday_Elahor.html|last=Strack-Zimmermann|first=Benjamin|title=Friday Elahor (Player)|access-date=5 June 2024|website=National Football Teams|archive-date=29 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029071656/https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/22758/Friday_Elahor.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ó tún jẹ́ olórí àwọn agbábọ́ọ̀lù fún orílẹ̀èdè Nàìjíríà fun ìgbà mẹ́rìnlá fún àwọn ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] láàárín ọdún 1990 sí 1993, o sì kópa nínú ìdíje African Cup of Nations ní ọdún 1990.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/90a-det.html|website=[[RSSSF]]|title=African Nations Cup 1990 - Final Tournament Details}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1967]] 6es60aoh9v9qh10a83fxnj3z608g0uw 0 80791 624869 2026-07-02T05:50:04Z Royalesignature 26633 O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323100266|Fidelis Saviour]]" 624869 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Terungwa "Olùgbàlà" Fidelis''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹrin, ọdún 1988) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba FC nínú ìdíje líìgì [[Nigeria Premier Football League|Premier League ti Nàìjíríà]] lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́. == Iṣẹ́ == Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù ọwọ́ iwájú, ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù mẹ́fà ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó sì ti gbìyànjú ní ìlú òkèèrè ní orílè-èdè bí Oman, àti Sudan. Ó lo ṣáá ìdíje líìgì Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 2012 nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba FC lẹ́yìn tí ó ti kúrò nínú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Ranchers Bees FC . Ó kópa fún ikọ̀ oje wẹ́wẹ́ orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà (Nigeria National League) pẹ̀lú góólù 12 nínú àwọn ìdíje 13 tí ó gbà, èyí tí ó mú kí wọ́n pè é fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba[[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] . Ó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Enyimba ní oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2012. Ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ nínú ìdíje líìgì Nigeria Premier League ní àárín ọdún 2013. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2012-10-05}}</ref> Ó padà sí inu ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ṣáá ọdún 2014. Ní ọdún 2015, ó kó lọ sí ìlú [[Máltà|Malta]] láti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mosta FC; ní àárín ọdún 2015, ó lọ dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Sliema Wanderers pẹ̀lú àdéhùn alára ló sì gba ife ẹ̀yẹ FA CUP fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Malta ni ṣáá ọdún 2015/2016. Ní ọdún 2016/2017, ó darapo mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Għarb Rangers níbi tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù nínú ìdíje mẹ́sàn-án, ó sì gba góólù mẹ́jọ wọlé. Ó fòpin sí àdéhùn rẹ̀, ní ọjọ́ 15/01/2017, ó di agbábọ́ọ̀lù tíó lè fi ọwọ sì àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù èyítí o wù láì gbà àṣẹ lọ́wọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù kánkán. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1988]] ewl5nr6rpk7q6a5gafl4ufb2xqbx4lj 624870 624869 2026-07-02T05:50:46Z Royalesignature 26633 624870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Saviour Fidelis | image = | caption = | fullname = Terungwa Fidelis<ref>[http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10401:eagles-my-madrid-keshi-my-mourinho-saviour-fidelis&catid=59:shot&Itemid=156] {{dead link|date=June 2014}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|4|18}} | birth_place = [[Ushongo]], [[Benue State]], [[Nigeria]] | height = 1.83 m | position = Striker | currentclub = [[Mosta F.C.]] | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Bison F.C. | youthclubs2 = Dantanta United | years1 = | clubs1 = [[JUTH F.C.]] | years2 = 2005 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2013/jun/30-nigeria-league-star-of-the-week-fidelis-olorundare.html# |title=MTN Football Page has moved |access-date=2013-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055810/http://mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2013/jun/30-nigeria-league-star-of-the-week-fidelis-olorundare.html# |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | clubs2 = [[Zamfara United]] | caps1 = - | goals1 = - | years3 = 2011 | clubs3 = [[Kaduna United F.C.|Kaduna United]] | caps2 = 27 | goals2 = 19 | years4 = 2012 | clubs4 = [[Ranchers Bees]] | caps4 = | goals5 = 13 | years5 = 2012 | clubs5 = [[Taraba F.C.]] | caps3 = 23 | goals3 = 14 | years6 = 2012–2013 | clubs6 = [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] | caps6 = 15 | goals6 = 13 | clubs7 = [[Taraba F.C.]] | caps7 = 19 | goals7 = 13 | years7 = 2014 | clubs8 = [[Mosta F.C.]] / [[Sliema Wanderers]] | caps8 = 18 / 9 | goals8 = 6 / 5 |years8 = 2015 | clubs9 = [[Għarb Rangers F.C.|Għarb Rangers]] | caps9 = 9 | goals9 = 8 | years9 = 2017/ 2018 | nationalyears1 = | nationalteam1 = | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | club-update = 20 September 2012 | nationalteam-update = 5 June 2011 }} '''Terungwa "Olùgbàlà" Fidelis''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹrin, ọdún 1988) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba FC nínú ìdíje líìgì [[Nigeria Premier Football League|Premier League ti Nàìjíríà]] lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́. == Iṣẹ́ == Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù ọwọ́ iwájú, ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù mẹ́fà ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó sì ti gbìyànjú ní ìlú òkèèrè ní orílè-èdè bí Oman, àti Sudan. Ó lo ṣáá ìdíje líìgì Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 2012 nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba FC lẹ́yìn tí ó ti kúrò nínú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Ranchers Bees FC . Ó kópa fún ikọ̀ oje wẹ́wẹ́ orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà (Nigeria National League) pẹ̀lú góólù 12 nínú àwọn ìdíje 13 tí ó gbà, èyí tí ó mú kí wọ́n pè é fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba[[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] . Ó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Enyimba ní oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2012. Ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ nínú ìdíje líìgì Nigeria Premier League ní àárín ọdún 2013. <ref>{{Cite web|archivedate=2012-10-05}}</ref> Ó padà sí inu ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ṣáá ọdún 2014. Ní ọdún 2015, ó kó lọ sí ìlú [[Máltà|Malta]] láti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mosta FC; ní àárín ọdún 2015, ó lọ dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Sliema Wanderers pẹ̀lú àdéhùn alára ló sì gba ife ẹ̀yẹ FA CUP fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Malta ni ṣáá ọdún 2015/2016. Ní ọdún 2016/2017, ó darapo mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Għarb Rangers níbi tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù nínú ìdíje mẹ́sàn-án, ó sì gba góólù mẹ́jọ wọlé. Ó fòpin sí àdéhùn rẹ̀, ní ọjọ́ 15/01/2017, ó di agbábọ́ọ̀lù tíó lè fi ọwọ sì àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù èyítí o wù láì gbà àṣẹ lọ́wọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù kánkán. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1988]] 1lz5w2p5j2s3zn6y4dky6tydob0g1m3 624871 624870 2026-07-02T05:51:47Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Iṣẹ́ */ 624871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Saviour Fidelis | image = | caption = | fullname = Terungwa Fidelis<ref>[http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10401:eagles-my-madrid-keshi-my-mourinho-saviour-fidelis&catid=59:shot&Itemid=156] {{dead link|date=June 2014}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|4|18}} | birth_place = [[Ushongo]], [[Benue State]], [[Nigeria]] | height = 1.83 m | position = Striker | currentclub = [[Mosta F.C.]] | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Bison F.C. | youthclubs2 = Dantanta United | years1 = | clubs1 = [[JUTH F.C.]] | years2 = 2005 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2013/jun/30-nigeria-league-star-of-the-week-fidelis-olorundare.html# |title=MTN Football Page has moved |access-date=2013-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055810/http://mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2013/jun/30-nigeria-league-star-of-the-week-fidelis-olorundare.html# |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | clubs2 = [[Zamfara United]] | caps1 = - | goals1 = - | years3 = 2011 | clubs3 = [[Kaduna United F.C.|Kaduna United]] | caps2 = 27 | goals2 = 19 | years4 = 2012 | clubs4 = [[Ranchers Bees]] | caps4 = | goals5 = 13 | years5 = 2012 | clubs5 = [[Taraba F.C.]] | caps3 = 23 | goals3 = 14 | years6 = 2012–2013 | clubs6 = [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] | caps6 = 15 | goals6 = 13 | clubs7 = [[Taraba F.C.]] | caps7 = 19 | goals7 = 13 | years7 = 2014 | clubs8 = [[Mosta F.C.]] / [[Sliema Wanderers]] | caps8 = 18 / 9 | goals8 = 6 / 5 |years8 = 2015 | clubs9 = [[Għarb Rangers F.C.|Għarb Rangers]] | caps9 = 9 | goals9 = 8 | years9 = 2017/ 2018 | nationalyears1 = | nationalteam1 = | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | club-update = 20 September 2012 | nationalteam-update = 5 June 2011 }} '''Terungwa "Olùgbàlà" Fidelis''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹrin, ọdún 1988) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba FC nínú ìdíje líìgì [[Nigeria Premier Football League|Premier League ti Nàìjíríà]] lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́. == Iṣẹ́ == Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù ọwọ́ iwájú, ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù mẹ́fà ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó sì ti gbìyànjú ní ìlú òkèèrè ní orílè-èdè bí Oman, àti Sudan. Ó lo ṣáá ìdíje líìgì Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 2012 nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba FC lẹ́yìn tí ó ti kúrò nínú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Ranchers Bees FC . Ó kópa fún ikọ̀ oje wẹ́wẹ́ orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà (Nigeria National League) pẹ̀lú góólù 12 nínú àwọn ìdíje 13 tí ó gbà, èyí tí ó mú kí wọ́n pè é fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba[[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] . Ó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Enyimba ní oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2012. Ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ nínú ìdíje líìgì Nigeria Premier League ní àárín ọdún 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2012/september/21-saviour-now-to-the-rescue-of-enyimba.html# |title=Saviour now to the rescue of Enyimba - MTNFootball |access-date=2012-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005131413/http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2012/september/21-saviour-now-to-the-rescue-of-enyimba.html# |archive-date=2012-10-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ó padà sí inu ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ṣáá ọdún 2014. Ní ọdún 2015, ó kó lọ sí ìlú [[Máltà|Malta]] láti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mosta FC; ní àárín ọdún 2015, ó lọ dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Sliema Wanderers pẹ̀lú àdéhùn alára ló sì gba ife ẹ̀yẹ FA CUP fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Malta ni ṣáá ọdún 2015/2016. Ní ọdún 2016/2017, ó darapo mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Għarb Rangers níbi tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù nínú ìdíje mẹ́sàn-án, ó sì gba góólù mẹ́jọ wọlé. Ó fòpin sí àdéhùn rẹ̀, ní ọjọ́ 15/01/2017, ó di agbábọ́ọ̀lù tíó lè fi ọwọ sì àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù èyítí o wù láì gbà àṣẹ lọ́wọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù kánkán. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1988]] ef8f8wdnn0i5p759vmuqj3fajwe4ivf 624872 624871 2026-07-02T05:52:26Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Iṣẹ́ */ 624872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Saviour Fidelis | image = | caption = | fullname = Terungwa Fidelis<ref>[http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10401:eagles-my-madrid-keshi-my-mourinho-saviour-fidelis&catid=59:shot&Itemid=156] {{dead link|date=June 2014}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|4|18}} | birth_place = [[Ushongo]], [[Benue State]], [[Nigeria]] | height = 1.83 m | position = Striker | currentclub = [[Mosta F.C.]] | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Bison F.C. | youthclubs2 = Dantanta United | years1 = | clubs1 = [[JUTH F.C.]] | years2 = 2005 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2013/jun/30-nigeria-league-star-of-the-week-fidelis-olorundare.html# |title=MTN Football Page has moved |access-date=2013-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055810/http://mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2013/jun/30-nigeria-league-star-of-the-week-fidelis-olorundare.html# |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | clubs2 = [[Zamfara United]] | caps1 = - | goals1 = - | years3 = 2011 | clubs3 = [[Kaduna United F.C.|Kaduna United]] | caps2 = 27 | goals2 = 19 | years4 = 2012 | clubs4 = [[Ranchers Bees]] | caps4 = | goals5 = 13 | years5 = 2012 | clubs5 = [[Taraba F.C.]] | caps3 = 23 | goals3 = 14 | years6 = 2012–2013 | clubs6 = [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] | caps6 = 15 | goals6 = 13 | clubs7 = [[Taraba F.C.]] | caps7 = 19 | goals7 = 13 | years7 = 2014 | clubs8 = [[Mosta F.C.]] / [[Sliema Wanderers]] | caps8 = 18 / 9 | goals8 = 6 / 5 |years8 = 2015 | clubs9 = [[Għarb Rangers F.C.|Għarb Rangers]] | caps9 = 9 | goals9 = 8 | years9 = 2017/ 2018 | nationalyears1 = | nationalteam1 = | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | club-update = 20 September 2012 | nationalteam-update = 5 June 2011 }} '''Terungwa "Olùgbàlà" Fidelis''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹrin, ọdún 1988) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba FC nínú ìdíje líìgì [[Nigeria Premier Football League|Premier League ti Nàìjíríà]] lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́. == Iṣẹ́ == Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù ọwọ́ iwájú, ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù mẹ́fà ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó sì ti gbìyànjú ní ìlú òkèèrè ní orílè-èdè bí Oman, àti Sudan. Ó lo ṣáá ìdíje líìgì Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 2012 nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba FC lẹ́yìn tí ó ti kúrò nínú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Ranchers Bees FC . Ó kópa fún ikọ̀ oje wẹ́wẹ́ orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà (Nigeria National League) pẹ̀lú góólù 12 nínú àwọn ìdíje 13 tí ó gbà, èyí tí ó mú kí wọ́n pè é fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba[[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] . Ó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Enyimba ní oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2012. Ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ nínú ìdíje líìgì Nigeria Premier League ní àárín ọdún 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2012/september/21-saviour-now-to-the-rescue-of-enyimba.html# |title=Saviour now to the rescue of Enyimba - MTNFootball |access-date=2012-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005131413/http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2012/september/21-saviour-now-to-the-rescue-of-enyimba.html# |archive-date=2012-10-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ó padà sí inu ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ṣáá ọdún 2014.<ref>{{cite web|author=Aderonke Ogunleye |url=http://m.premiumtimesng.com/sports/155897-nigerian-league-taraba-fc-signs-enyimbas-saviour-fidelis.html |title=Nigerian League: Taraba FC signs Enyimba's Saviour Fidelis - Premium Times Nigeria |publisher=M.premiumtimesng.com |date= 27 February 2014|accessdate=2014-06-06}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2015, ó kó lọ sí ìlú [[Máltà|Malta]] láti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mosta FC; ní àárín ọdún 2015, ó lọ dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Sliema Wanderers pẹ̀lú àdéhùn alára ló sì gba ife ẹ̀yẹ FA CUP fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Malta ni ṣáá ọdún 2015/2016. Ní ọdún 2016/2017, ó darapo mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Għarb Rangers níbi tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù nínú ìdíje mẹ́sàn-án, ó sì gba góólù mẹ́jọ wọlé. Ó fòpin sí àdéhùn rẹ̀, ní ọjọ́ 15/01/2017, ó di agbábọ́ọ̀lù tíó lè fi ọwọ sì àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù èyítí o wù láì gbà àṣẹ lọ́wọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù kánkán. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1988]] hmk88kef1fo99rnhjz0nz199v109wjp 624873 624872 2026-07-02T05:52:53Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Àwọn ìtọ́kasí */ 624873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Saviour Fidelis | image = | caption = | fullname = Terungwa Fidelis<ref>[http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10401:eagles-my-madrid-keshi-my-mourinho-saviour-fidelis&catid=59:shot&Itemid=156] {{dead link|date=June 2014}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|4|18}} | birth_place = [[Ushongo]], [[Benue State]], [[Nigeria]] | height = 1.83 m | position = Striker | currentclub = [[Mosta F.C.]] | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Bison F.C. | youthclubs2 = Dantanta United | years1 = | clubs1 = [[JUTH F.C.]] | years2 = 2005 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2013/jun/30-nigeria-league-star-of-the-week-fidelis-olorundare.html# |title=MTN Football Page has moved |access-date=2013-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055810/http://mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2013/jun/30-nigeria-league-star-of-the-week-fidelis-olorundare.html# |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | clubs2 = [[Zamfara United]] | caps1 = - | goals1 = - | years3 = 2011 | clubs3 = [[Kaduna United F.C.|Kaduna United]] | caps2 = 27 | goals2 = 19 | years4 = 2012 | clubs4 = [[Ranchers Bees]] | caps4 = | goals5 = 13 | years5 = 2012 | clubs5 = [[Taraba F.C.]] | caps3 = 23 | goals3 = 14 | years6 = 2012–2013 | clubs6 = [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] | caps6 = 15 | goals6 = 13 | clubs7 = [[Taraba F.C.]] | caps7 = 19 | goals7 = 13 | years7 = 2014 | clubs8 = [[Mosta F.C.]] / [[Sliema Wanderers]] | caps8 = 18 / 9 | goals8 = 6 / 5 |years8 = 2015 | clubs9 = [[Għarb Rangers F.C.|Għarb Rangers]] | caps9 = 9 | goals9 = 8 | years9 = 2017/ 2018 | nationalyears1 = | nationalteam1 = | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | club-update = 20 September 2012 | nationalteam-update = 5 June 2011 }} '''Terungwa "Olùgbàlà" Fidelis''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹrin, ọdún 1988) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba FC nínú ìdíje líìgì [[Nigeria Premier Football League|Premier League ti Nàìjíríà]] lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́. == Iṣẹ́ == Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù ọwọ́ iwájú, ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù mẹ́fà ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó sì ti gbìyànjú ní ìlú òkèèrè ní orílè-èdè bí Oman, àti Sudan. Ó lo ṣáá ìdíje líìgì Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 2012 nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba FC lẹ́yìn tí ó ti kúrò nínú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Ranchers Bees FC . Ó kópa fún ikọ̀ oje wẹ́wẹ́ orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà (Nigeria National League) pẹ̀lú góólù 12 nínú àwọn ìdíje 13 tí ó gbà, èyí tí ó mú kí wọ́n pè é fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba[[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] . Ó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Enyimba ní oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2012. Ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ nínú ìdíje líìgì Nigeria Premier League ní àárín ọdún 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2012/september/21-saviour-now-to-the-rescue-of-enyimba.html# |title=Saviour now to the rescue of Enyimba - MTNFootball |access-date=2012-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005131413/http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2012/september/21-saviour-now-to-the-rescue-of-enyimba.html# |archive-date=2012-10-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ó padà sí inu ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ṣáá ọdún 2014.<ref>{{cite web|author=Aderonke Ogunleye |url=http://m.premiumtimesng.com/sports/155897-nigerian-league-taraba-fc-signs-enyimbas-saviour-fidelis.html |title=Nigerian League: Taraba FC signs Enyimba's Saviour Fidelis - Premium Times Nigeria |publisher=M.premiumtimesng.com |date= 27 February 2014|accessdate=2014-06-06}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2015, ó kó lọ sí ìlú [[Máltà|Malta]] láti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mosta FC; ní àárín ọdún 2015, ó lọ dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Sliema Wanderers pẹ̀lú àdéhùn alára ló sì gba ife ẹ̀yẹ FA CUP fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Malta ni ṣáá ọdún 2015/2016. Ní ọdún 2016/2017, ó darapo mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Għarb Rangers níbi tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù nínú ìdíje mẹ́sàn-án, ó sì gba góólù mẹ́jọ wọlé. Ó fòpin sí àdéhùn rẹ̀, ní ọjọ́ 15/01/2017, ó di agbábọ́ọ̀lù tíó lè fi ọwọ sì àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù èyítí o wù láì gbà àṣẹ lọ́wọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù kánkán. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1988]] nfd07q91h07u59sam5p3vd9pfcurf3z 624874 624873 2026-07-02T05:54:05Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Iṣẹ́ */ 624874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Saviour Fidelis | image = | caption = | fullname = Terungwa Fidelis<ref>[http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10401:eagles-my-madrid-keshi-my-mourinho-saviour-fidelis&catid=59:shot&Itemid=156] {{dead link|date=June 2014}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|4|18}} | birth_place = [[Ushongo]], [[Benue State]], [[Nigeria]] | height = 1.83 m | position = Striker | currentclub = [[Mosta F.C.]] | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Bison F.C. | youthclubs2 = Dantanta United | years1 = | clubs1 = [[JUTH F.C.]] | years2 = 2005 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2013/jun/30-nigeria-league-star-of-the-week-fidelis-olorundare.html# |title=MTN Football Page has moved |access-date=2013-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055810/http://mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2013/jun/30-nigeria-league-star-of-the-week-fidelis-olorundare.html# |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | clubs2 = [[Zamfara United]] | caps1 = - | goals1 = - | years3 = 2011 | clubs3 = [[Kaduna United F.C.|Kaduna United]] | caps2 = 27 | goals2 = 19 | years4 = 2012 | clubs4 = [[Ranchers Bees]] | caps4 = | goals5 = 13 | years5 = 2012 | clubs5 = [[Taraba F.C.]] | caps3 = 23 | goals3 = 14 | years6 = 2012–2013 | clubs6 = [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] | caps6 = 15 | goals6 = 13 | clubs7 = [[Taraba F.C.]] | caps7 = 19 | goals7 = 13 | years7 = 2014 | clubs8 = [[Mosta F.C.]] / [[Sliema Wanderers]] | caps8 = 18 / 9 | goals8 = 6 / 5 |years8 = 2015 | clubs9 = [[Għarb Rangers F.C.|Għarb Rangers]] | caps9 = 9 | goals9 = 8 | years9 = 2017/ 2018 | nationalyears1 = | nationalteam1 = | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | club-update = 20 September 2012 | nationalteam-update = 5 June 2011 }} '''Terungwa "Olùgbàlà" Fidelis''' (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kejìdínlógún oṣù kẹrin, ọdún 1988) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà. Ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba FC nínú ìdíje líìgì [[Nigeria Premier Football League|Premier League ti Nàìjíríà]] lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́. == Iṣẹ́ == Gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù ọwọ́ iwájú, ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún àwọn ẹgbẹ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù mẹ́fà ní orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà, ó sì ti gbìyànjú ní ìlú òkèèrè ní orílè-èdè bí Oman, àti Sudan. Ó lo ṣáá ìdíje líìgì Nàìjíríà ní ọdún 2012 nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba FC lẹ́yìn tí ó ti kúrò nínú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Ranchers Bees FC . Ó kópa fún ikọ̀ oje wẹ́wẹ́ orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà (Nigeria National League) pẹ̀lú góólù 12 nínú àwọn ìdíje 13 tí ó gbà, èyí tí ó mú kí wọ́n pè é fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] . Ó fọwọ́ sí ìwé àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Enyimba ní oṣù kẹsàn-án ọdún 2012. Ó jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù tó gbajúmọ̀ jùlọ nínú ìdíje líìgì Nigeria Premier League ní àárín ọdún 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2012/september/21-saviour-now-to-the-rescue-of-enyimba.html# |title=Saviour now to the rescue of Enyimba - MTNFootball |access-date=2012-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005131413/http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2012/september/21-saviour-now-to-the-rescue-of-enyimba.html# |archive-date=2012-10-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ó padà sí inu ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Taraba ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ṣáá ọdún 2014.<ref>{{cite web|author=Aderonke Ogunleye |url=http://m.premiumtimesng.com/sports/155897-nigerian-league-taraba-fc-signs-enyimbas-saviour-fidelis.html |title=Nigerian League: Taraba FC signs Enyimba's Saviour Fidelis - Premium Times Nigeria |publisher=M.premiumtimesng.com |date= 27 February 2014|accessdate=2014-06-06}}</ref> Ní ọdún 2015, ó kó lọ sí ìlú [[Máltà|Malta]] láti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mosta FC; ní àárín ọdún 2015, ó lọ dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Sliema Wanderers pẹ̀lú àdéhùn alára ló sì gba ife ẹ̀yẹ FA CUP fún ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Malta ni ṣáá ọdún 2015/2016. Ní ọdún 2016/2017, ó darapo mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Għarb Rangers níbi tí ó ti gbá bọ́ọ̀lù nínú ìdíje mẹ́sàn-án, ó sì gba góólù mẹ́jọ wọlé. Ó fòpin sí àdéhùn rẹ̀, ní ọjọ́ 15/01/2017, ó di agbábọ́ọ̀lù tíó lè fi ọwọ sì àdéhùn pẹ̀lú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù èyítí o wù láì gbà àṣẹ lọ́wọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù kánkán. == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1988]] 4m6407mi8gjol1k7zv35s3qx6vfj889 0 80792 624886 2026-07-02T07:22:54Z Royalesignature 26633 O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1332650052|George Ikenne]]" 624886 wikitext text/x-wiki '''George Patrick Ikenne-King''' <ref>{{Cite news|date=13 September 2019|url=https://vidi.hu/en/news/vidi-make-the-visit-to-10th-in-the-league-honved|title=Vidi make the visit to 10th in the league Honved|quote=George Patrick Ikenne-King}}</ref> (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 1991) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] aláfẹsẹ̀gbá ọmọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] nígbà kàn rí. == Iṣẹ́ == Ni ọjọ kẹfà Oṣu Kini ọdún 2022, Ikenne darapọ mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mezőkövesd . == Àwọn ìṣirò ipá rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù == == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1991]] jvgkie02bbpm3tx48yna71rstc7hfv5 624887 624886 2026-07-02T07:23:37Z Royalesignature 26633 624887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | full_name = George Patrick Ikenne-King | height = 1.72 m | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1991|10|29}} | birth_place = [[Calabar]], Nigeria | currentclub = | clubnumber = | position = [[Defender (association football)|Right back]]<ref>{{WorldFootball.net|patrick-ikenne-king|Patrick Ikenne-King|archive=20231003061917}}</ref> | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Flying Sports Academy | years1 = 2012–2018 | clubs1 = [[Budapest Honvéd FC|Honvéd]] | caps1 = 104 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2012–2013 | clubs2 = [[Budapest Honvéd FC II|Honvéd II]] | caps2 = 11 | goals2 = 1 | years3 = 2018–2021 | clubs3 = [[MTK Budapest FC|MTK Budapest]] | caps3 = 33 | goals3 = 1 | years4 = 2019–2020 | clubs4 = → [[Budapest Honvéd FC|Honvéd]] (loan) | caps4 = 13 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2022 | clubs5 = [[Mezőkövesdi SE|Mezőkövesd]] | caps5 = 5 | goals5 = 0 | pcupdate = }} '''George Patrick Ikenne-King''' <ref>{{Cite news|date=13 September 2019|url=https://vidi.hu/en/news/vidi-make-the-visit-to-10th-in-the-league-honved|title=Vidi make the visit to 10th in the league Honved|quote=George Patrick Ikenne-King}}</ref> (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 1991) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] aláfẹsẹ̀gbá ọmọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] nígbà kàn rí. == Iṣẹ́ == Ni ọjọ kẹfà Oṣu Kini ọdún 2022, Ikenne darapọ mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mezőkövesd . == Àwọn ìṣirò ipá rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù == == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1991]] l7ixwan003znc0qpuw1vl7kdquhrhng 624888 624887 2026-07-02T07:24:08Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Àwọn ìtọ́kasí */ 624888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | full_name = George Patrick Ikenne-King | height = 1.72 m | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1991|10|29}} | birth_place = [[Calabar]], Nigeria | currentclub = | clubnumber = | position = [[Defender (association football)|Right back]]<ref>{{WorldFootball.net|patrick-ikenne-king|Patrick Ikenne-King|archive=20231003061917}}</ref> | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Flying Sports Academy | years1 = 2012–2018 | clubs1 = [[Budapest Honvéd FC|Honvéd]] | caps1 = 104 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2012–2013 | clubs2 = [[Budapest Honvéd FC II|Honvéd II]] | caps2 = 11 | goals2 = 1 | years3 = 2018–2021 | clubs3 = [[MTK Budapest FC|MTK Budapest]] | caps3 = 33 | goals3 = 1 | years4 = 2019–2020 | clubs4 = → [[Budapest Honvéd FC|Honvéd]] (loan) | caps4 = 13 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2022 | clubs5 = [[Mezőkövesdi SE|Mezőkövesd]] | caps5 = 5 | goals5 = 0 | pcupdate = }} '''George Patrick Ikenne-King''' <ref>{{Cite news|date=13 September 2019|url=https://vidi.hu/en/news/vidi-make-the-visit-to-10th-in-the-league-honved|title=Vidi make the visit to 10th in the league Honved|quote=George Patrick Ikenne-King}}</ref> (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 1991) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] aláfẹsẹ̀gbá ọmọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] nígbà kàn rí. == Iṣẹ́ == Ni ọjọ kẹfà Oṣu Kini ọdún 2022, Ikenne darapọ mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mezőkövesd . == Àwọn ìṣirò ipá rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù == == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist }} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1991]] 28bz63dr1rh6kuq52pm2hphdjwnxh63 624889 624888 2026-07-02T07:24:47Z Royalesignature 26633 624889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | full_name = George Patrick Ikenne-King | height = 1.72 m | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1991|10|29}} | birth_place = [[Calabar]], Nigeria | currentclub = | clubnumber = | position = [[Defender (association football)|Right back]]<ref>{{WorldFootball.net|patrick-ikenne-king|Patrick Ikenne-King|archive=20231003061917}}</ref> | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Flying Sports Academy | years1 = 2012–2018 | clubs1 = [[Budapest Honvéd FC|Honvéd]] | caps1 = 104 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2012–2013 | clubs2 = [[Budapest Honvéd FC II|Honvéd II]] | caps2 = 11 | goals2 = 1 | years3 = 2018–2021 | clubs3 = [[MTK Budapest FC|MTK Budapest]] | caps3 = 33 | goals3 = 1 | years4 = 2019–2020 | clubs4 = → [[Budapest Honvéd FC|Honvéd]] (loan) | caps4 = 13 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2022 | clubs5 = [[Mezőkövesdi SE|Mezőkövesd]] | caps5 = 5 | goals5 = 0 | pcupdate = }} '''George Patrick Ikenne-King''' <ref>{{Cite news|date=13 September 2019|url=https://vidi.hu/en/news/vidi-make-the-visit-to-10th-in-the-league-honved|title=Vidi make the visit to 10th in the league Honved|quote=George Patrick Ikenne-King}}</ref> (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 1991) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] aláfẹsẹ̀gbá ọmọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] nígbà kàn rí.<ref>{{cite news |first=David |last=Rechnitzer |date=13 September 2019 |url=https://vidi.hu/en/news/vidi-make-the-visit-to-10th-in-the-league-honved |title=Vidi make the visit to 10th in the league Honved |website=vidi.hu |quote=George Patrick Ikenne-King}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mtkbudapest.hu/hu/hirek/ikenne-king-mar-egy-masik-mezokovesd-lesz-az-ellenfelunk-video |title=Ikenne-King: "Már egy másik Mezőkövesd lesz az ellenfelünk" (videó) |website=mtkbudapest.hu |language=hu |date=17 February 2021 |quote=George Patrick Ikenne-King}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ == Ni ọjọ kẹfà Oṣu Kini ọdún 2022, Ikenne darapọ mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mezőkövesd . == Àwọn ìṣirò ipá rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù == == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist }} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1991]] fe5nxvmrq9668212wzhyd2pm7lbjx54 624890 624889 2026-07-02T07:25:28Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Iṣẹ́ */ 624890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | full_name = George Patrick Ikenne-King | height = 1.72 m | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1991|10|29}} | birth_place = [[Calabar]], Nigeria | currentclub = | clubnumber = | position = [[Defender (association football)|Right back]]<ref>{{WorldFootball.net|patrick-ikenne-king|Patrick Ikenne-King|archive=20231003061917}}</ref> | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Flying Sports Academy | years1 = 2012–2018 | clubs1 = [[Budapest Honvéd FC|Honvéd]] | caps1 = 104 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2012–2013 | clubs2 = [[Budapest Honvéd FC II|Honvéd II]] | caps2 = 11 | goals2 = 1 | years3 = 2018–2021 | clubs3 = [[MTK Budapest FC|MTK Budapest]] | caps3 = 33 | goals3 = 1 | years4 = 2019–2020 | clubs4 = → [[Budapest Honvéd FC|Honvéd]] (loan) | caps4 = 13 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2022 | clubs5 = [[Mezőkövesdi SE|Mezőkövesd]] | caps5 = 5 | goals5 = 0 | pcupdate = }} '''George Patrick Ikenne-King''' <ref>{{Cite news|date=13 September 2019|url=https://vidi.hu/en/news/vidi-make-the-visit-to-10th-in-the-league-honved|title=Vidi make the visit to 10th in the league Honved|quote=George Patrick Ikenne-King}}</ref> (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 1991) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] aláfẹsẹ̀gbá ọmọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] nígbà kàn rí.<ref>{{cite news |first=David |last=Rechnitzer |date=13 September 2019 |url=https://vidi.hu/en/news/vidi-make-the-visit-to-10th-in-the-league-honved |title=Vidi make the visit to 10th in the league Honved |website=vidi.hu |quote=George Patrick Ikenne-King}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mtkbudapest.hu/hu/hirek/ikenne-king-mar-egy-masik-mezokovesd-lesz-az-ellenfelunk-video |title=Ikenne-King: "Már egy másik Mezőkövesd lesz az ellenfelünk" (videó) |website=mtkbudapest.hu |language=hu |date=17 February 2021 |quote=George Patrick Ikenne-King}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ == Ni ọjọ kẹfà Oṣu Kini ọdún 2022, Ikenne darapọ mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mezőkövesd.<ref>{{cite press release |publisher=Mezőkövesd |url=https://mezokovesdzsory.hu/vedo-erkezett/ |title=Védő érkezett |date=6 January 2022 |access-date=3 May 2022 |language=hu}}</ref> == Àwọn ìṣirò ipá rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù == == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist }} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1991]] 3lc22vux8x6awdl9am30ur3bw4uzpl8 624894 624890 2026-07-02T07:27:57Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Àwọn ìṣirò ipá rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù */ 624894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | full_name = George Patrick Ikenne-King | height = 1.72 m | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1991|10|29}} | birth_place = [[Calabar]], Nigeria | currentclub = | clubnumber = | position = [[Defender (association football)|Right back]]<ref>{{WorldFootball.net|patrick-ikenne-king|Patrick Ikenne-King|archive=20231003061917}}</ref> | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = Flying Sports Academy | years1 = 2012–2018 | clubs1 = [[Budapest Honvéd FC|Honvéd]] | caps1 = 104 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 2012–2013 | clubs2 = [[Budapest Honvéd FC II|Honvéd II]] | caps2 = 11 | goals2 = 1 | years3 = 2018–2021 | clubs3 = [[MTK Budapest FC|MTK Budapest]] | caps3 = 33 | goals3 = 1 | years4 = 2019–2020 | clubs4 = → [[Budapest Honvéd FC|Honvéd]] (loan) | caps4 = 13 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2022 | clubs5 = [[Mezőkövesdi SE|Mezőkövesd]] | caps5 = 5 | goals5 = 0 | pcupdate = }} '''George Patrick Ikenne-King''' <ref>{{Cite news|date=13 September 2019|url=https://vidi.hu/en/news/vidi-make-the-visit-to-10th-in-the-league-honved|title=Vidi make the visit to 10th in the league Honved|quote=George Patrick Ikenne-King}}</ref> (tí a bí ní ọjọ́ kọkàndínlọ́gbọ̀n oṣù kẹwàá ọdún 1991) jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|alágbábọ́ọ̀lù]] aláfẹsẹ̀gbá ọmọ [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] nígbà kàn rí.<ref>{{cite news |first=David |last=Rechnitzer |date=13 September 2019 |url=https://vidi.hu/en/news/vidi-make-the-visit-to-10th-in-the-league-honved |title=Vidi make the visit to 10th in the league Honved |website=vidi.hu |quote=George Patrick Ikenne-King}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mtkbudapest.hu/hu/hirek/ikenne-king-mar-egy-masik-mezokovesd-lesz-az-ellenfelunk-video |title=Ikenne-King: "Már egy másik Mezőkövesd lesz az ellenfelünk" (videó) |website=mtkbudapest.hu |language=hu |date=17 February 2021 |quote=George Patrick Ikenne-King}}</ref> == Iṣẹ́ == Ni ọjọ kẹfà Oṣu Kini ọdún 2022, Ikenne darapọ mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Mezőkövesd.<ref>{{cite press release |publisher=Mezőkövesd |url=https://mezokovesdzsory.hu/vedo-erkezett/ |title=Védő érkezett |date=6 January 2022 |access-date=3 May 2022 |language=hu}}</ref> == Àwọn ìṣirò ipá rẹ gẹ́gẹ́bíi agbábọ́ọ̀lù == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align: center;" |- !rowspan="2"|Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù !rowspan="2"|Ṣáá !colspan="2"|líìgì !colspan="2"|Ife !colspan="2"|Líìgì Cup !colspan="2"|Europe !colspan="2"|Àpapọ̀ |- !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |-||-||-||-|- |rowspan="9" valign="center"|'''[[Budapest Honvéd FC|Honvéd]]''' |- |[[2012–13 Nemzeti Bajnokság I|2012–13]] |14||0||3||0||4||0||–||–||21||0 |- |[[2013–14 Nemzeti Bajnokság I|2013–14]] |22||0||2||0||3||1||3||0||30||1 |- |[[2014–15 Nemzeti Bajnokság I|2014–15]] |26||0||2||0||6||0||–||–||34||0 |- |[[2015–16 Nemzeti Bajnokság I|2015–16]] |11||0||2||0||–||–||–||–||13||0 |- |[[2016–17 Nemzeti Bajnokság I|2016–17]] |21||0||3||0||–||–||–||–||24||0 |- |[[2017–18 Nemzeti Bajnokság I|2017–18]] |10||0||2||0||–||–||1||0||13||0 |- |[[2019–20 Nemzeti Bajnokság I|2019–20]] |13||0||4||0||–||–||1||0||18||0 |- |- style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#eeeeee;" |Total||116||0||18||0||13||1||5||0||152||1 |- |rowspan="4" valign="center"|'''[[MTK Budapest FC|MTK Budapest]]''' |- |[[2018–19 Nemzeti Bajnokság I|2018–19]] |7||0||1||0||–||–||–||–||8||0 |- |[[2020–21 Nemzeti Bajnokság I|2020–21]] |26||1||4||2||–||–||–||–||30||3 |- |- style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#eeeeee;" |Total||33||1||5||2||0||0||0||0||38||3 |- |- style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#eeeeee;" |rowspan="1" valign="top"|'''Career Total''' | |'''150'''||'''1'''||'''23'''||'''2'''||'''13'''||'''1'''||'''5'''||'''0'''||'''191'''||'''4''' |} == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist }} [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1991]] lr5ihdnywaoanzqkvgf6ktm640cs2q9 0 80793 624900 2026-07-02T07:36:20Z Royalesignature 26633 O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1309799948|Lawrence Wabara]]" 624900 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lawrence Wabara''' jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà tíó sójú ikọ̀ [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] ní àwọn ọdún 1950. == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Wabara ni bàbá agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè England man tí a mọ̀ sí Mark Walters, ati òní eré ìdárayá afẹṣẹja ọmọ ilẹ Gẹẹsi tí orúkọ rẹ ǹjẹ́ Pelé Reid . Ọmọ ọmọ rẹ̀, ní Reece enití o jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba òjé ni orílè-èdè United Kingdom. <ref name="ReeceWabara2">{{Cite news|title=City new-boy Reece is over the 'Blue Moon'|url=http://www.bromsgroveadvertiser.co.uk/sport/2182685.City_new_boy_Reece_is_over_the____Blue_Moon___/|date=9 April 2008}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == fmh5kepmvxu1bc4r850facwpldgg4kf 624901 624900 2026-07-02T07:38:11Z Royalesignature 26633 624901 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lawrence Wabara''' jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà tíó sójú ikọ̀ [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] ní àwọn ọdún 1950.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nigeria: England Unleash Wabara Against Eagles|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201108090274.html|publisher=AllAfrica.com|accessdate=14 October 2012|date=9 August 2011}}</ref><ref name=bbc15106458>{{cite web|title=Man City's Reece Wabara joins Ipswich Town in loan deal|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/15106458|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=14 October 2012|date=30 September 2011}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Wabara ni bàbá agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè England man tí a mọ̀ sí Mark Walters,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/17824552.ahead-appearance-edinburgh-book-festival-rangers-legend-mark-walters-football-family-politics-pride/|title=Rangers legend Mark Walters: Trump and Johnson have emboldened people to abuse immigrants|website=HeraldScotland|date=10 August 2019 }}</ref> ati òní eré ìdárayá afẹṣẹja ọmọ ilẹ Gẹẹsi tí orúkọ rẹ ǹjẹ́ Pelé Reid . Ọmọ ọmọ rẹ̀, ní Reece enití o jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba òjé ni orílè-èdè United Kingdom.<ref name="ReeceWabara2">{{cite news|title=City new-boy Reece is over the 'Blue Moon'|url=http://www.bromsgroveadvertiser.co.uk/sport/2182685.City_new_boy_Reece_is_over_the____Blue_Moon___/|publisher=Bromsgrove Advertiser|date=9 April 2008|accessdate=10 June 2015}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} nxh0uw3rf44vhv984t04guwdwae24a7 624902 624901 2026-07-02T07:38:56Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni */ 624902 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lawrence Wabara''' jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà tíó sójú ikọ̀ [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] ní àwọn ọdún 1950.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nigeria: England Unleash Wabara Against Eagles|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201108090274.html|publisher=AllAfrica.com|accessdate=14 October 2012|date=9 August 2011}}</ref><ref name=bbc15106458>{{cite web|title=Man City's Reece Wabara joins Ipswich Town in loan deal|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/15106458|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=14 October 2012|date=30 September 2011}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Wabara ni bàbá agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè England man tí a mọ̀ sí Mark Walters,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/17824552.ahead-appearance-edinburgh-book-festival-rangers-legend-mark-walters-football-family-politics-pride/|title=Rangers legend Mark Walters: Trump and Johnson have emboldened people to abuse immigrants|website=HeraldScotland|date=10 August 2019 }}</ref> ati òní eré ìdárayá afẹṣẹja ọmọ ilẹ Gẹẹsi tí orúkọ rẹ ǹjẹ́ Pelé Reid.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxingnewsonline.net/when-you-knock-out-vitali-klitschko-by-accident/|title=When you knock out Vitali Klitschko by accident - Boxing News|first=B. N.|last=Staff|website=www.boxingnewsonline.net|date=22 March 2019 }}</ref> Ọmọ ọmọ rẹ̀, ní Reece enití o jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba òjé ni orílè-èdè United Kingdom.<ref name="ReeceWabara2">{{cite news|title=City new-boy Reece is over the 'Blue Moon'|url=http://www.bromsgroveadvertiser.co.uk/sport/2182685.City_new_boy_Reece_is_over_the____Blue_Moon___/|publisher=Bromsgrove Advertiser|date=9 April 2008|accessdate=10 June 2015}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} 416lapca9m995u0aksh4dkto7fel4za 624903 624902 2026-07-02T07:39:57Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni */ 624903 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lawrence Wabara''' jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] ọmọ orílè-èdè Nàìjíríà tíó sójú ikọ̀ [[Ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù-ẹlẹ́sẹ̀ ọmọorílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà|ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] ní àwọn ọdún 1950.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nigeria: England Unleash Wabara Against Eagles|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201108090274.html|publisher=AllAfrica.com|accessdate=14 October 2012|date=9 August 2011}}</ref><ref name=bbc15106458>{{cite web|title=Man City's Reece Wabara joins Ipswich Town in loan deal|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/15106458|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=14 October 2012|date=30 September 2011}}</ref> == Ìgbésí ayé ara ẹni == Wabara ni bàbá agbábọ́ọ̀lù orílè-èdè [[England]] man tí a mọ̀ sí [[Mark Walters]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/17824552.ahead-appearance-edinburgh-book-festival-rangers-legend-mark-walters-football-family-politics-pride/|title=Rangers legend Mark Walters: Trump and Johnson have emboldened people to abuse immigrants|website=HeraldScotland|date=10 August 2019 }}</ref> ati òní eré ìdárayá afẹṣẹja ọmọ ilẹ Gẹẹsi tí orúkọ rẹ ǹjẹ́ Pelé Reid.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxingnewsonline.net/when-you-knock-out-vitali-klitschko-by-accident/|title=When you knock out Vitali Klitschko by accident - Boxing News|first=B. N.|last=Staff|website=www.boxingnewsonline.net|date=22 March 2019 }}</ref> Ọmọ ọmọ rẹ̀, ní Reece enití o jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù agba òjé ni orílè-èdè [[United Kingdom]].<ref name="ReeceWabara2">{{cite news|title=City new-boy Reece is over the 'Blue Moon'|url=http://www.bromsgroveadvertiser.co.uk/sport/2182685.City_new_boy_Reece_is_over_the____Blue_Moon___/|publisher=Bromsgrove Advertiser|date=9 April 2008|accessdate=10 June 2015}}</ref> == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} s4ab0vfz3hos94j64fdit30tu69ab68 0 80794 624904 2026-07-02T07:45:10Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 Ṣ'èdá ojúewé pẹ̀lú "{{Multiple issues| {{more citations needed|date=February 2013}} {{Original research|date= August 2020}} {{Expand German|topic=geo|date=June 2020}} }} {{Infobox German district |name = Aichach-Friedberg |state = Bavaria |image_flag = Flagge Aichach-Friedberg.svg |image_coa = DEU Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg COA.svg |capital = [[Aichach]] |regierungsbezirk = [[Swabia (Bavaria)|Swabia]] |area = 781 |Kreissch..." 624904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiple issues| {{more citations needed|date=February 2013}} {{Original research|date= August 2020}} {{Expand German|topic=geo|date=June 2020}} }} {{Infobox German district |name = Aichach-Friedberg |state = Bavaria |image_flag = Flagge Aichach-Friedberg.svg |image_coa = DEU Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg COA.svg |capital = [[Aichach]] |regierungsbezirk = [[Swabia (Bavaria)|Swabia]] |area = 781 |Kreisschlüssel = 09771 | district_admin = Klaus Metzger | admin_party = CSU |carsign = AIC, FDB |url = {{URL|https://lra-aic-fdb.de/}} |map ={{Germany district OSM map |parent_subdivision = Q980}} }} '''Aichach-Friedberg''' is a [[Districts of Germany|''Landkreis'' (district)]] in [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. It is bounded by (from the northwest and clockwise) the districts of [[Augsburg (district)|Augsburg]], [[Donau-Ries]], [[Neuburg-Schrobenhausen]], [[Pfaffenhofen (district)|Pfaffenhofen]], [[Dachau (district)|Dachau]], [[Fürstenfeldbruck (district)|Fürstenfeldbruck]] and [[Landsberg (district)|Landsberg]], as well as by the city of [[Augsburg]]. p6bv86tvsm9lq60xts1uhc7uwxt4o1l 624905 624904 2026-07-02T07:48:21Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiple issues| {{more citations needed|date=February 2013}} {{Original research|date= August 2020}} {{Expand German|topic=geo|date=June 2020}} }} {{Infobox German district |name = Aichach-Friedberg |state = Bavaria |image_flag = Flagge Aichach-Friedberg.svg |image_coa = DEU Landkreis Aichach-Friedberg COA.svg |capital = [[Aichach]] |regierungsbezirk = [[Swabia (Bavaria)|Swabia]] |area = 781 |Kreisschlüssel = 09771 | district_admin = Klaus Metzger | admin_party = CSU |carsign = AIC, FDB |url = {{URL|https://lra-aic-fdb.de/}} |map ={{Germany district OSM map |parent_subdivision = Q980}} }} '''Aichach-Friedberg''' jẹ́ [[Districts of Germany|''Landkreis'' (district)]] in [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. '''Aic jẹ́ Àwọn àgbègbè tó yí i ká (láti ìwọ̀ oòrùn àríwá ní ìtòsí aago) ni Augsburg, Donau-Ries, Neuburg-Schrobenhausen, Pfaffenhofen, Dachau, Fürstenfeldbruck àti Landsberg. Ó tún ní ààlà pẹ̀lú ìlú Augsburg. 8g22qg3ustkpd05mzuuk1oi6uwkntjo 624906 624905 2026-07-02T07:48:54Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624906 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aichach-Friedberg''' jẹ́ [[Districts of Germany|''Landkreis'' (district)]] in [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. '''Aic jẹ́ Àwọn àgbègbè tó yí i ká (láti ìwọ̀ oòrùn àríwá ní ìtòsí aago) ni Augsburg, Donau-Ries, Neuburg-Schrobenhausen, Pfaffenhofen, Dachau, Fürstenfeldbruck àti Landsberg. Ó tún ní ààlà pẹ̀lú ìlú Augsburg. cj2eedf9xvr05ecf8v3hceidqvfp3fr 624907 624906 2026-07-02T07:50:07Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624907 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aichach-Friedberg''' jẹ́ Landkreisi [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. '''Aic jẹ́ Àwọn àgbègbè tó yí i ká (láti ìwọ̀ oòrùn àríwá ní ìtòsí aago) ni Augsburg, Donau-Ries, Neuburg-Schrobenhausen, Pfaffenhofen, Dachau, Fürstenfeldbruck àti Landsberg. Ó tún ní ààlà pẹ̀lú ìlú Augsburg. 8h4h25i4oofbxhd6jala11fk6kcf6gh 624908 624907 2026-07-02T07:50:51Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624908 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aichach-Friedberg''' jẹ́ Landkreisi [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. '''Aic jẹ́ Àwọn àgbègbè tó yí i ká (láti ìwọ̀ oòrùn àríwá ní ìtòsí aago) ni Augsburg, Donau-Ries, Neuburg-Schrobenhausen, Pfaffenhofen, Dachau, Fürstenfeldbruck àti Landsberg. Ó tún ní ààlà pẹ̀lú ìlú Augsburg. == Town twinning == * Affing: [[Lobez]] (Poland) * Aichach: [[Brixlegg]] (Austria), [[Gödöllő|Gödöllö]] (Hungary), [[Schifferstadt]] (Germany) * Aindling: [[Avord]] (France) * Dasing: [[Siedlce]] (Poland) * Friedberg: [[Bressuire]] (France), [[Chippenham]] (England), [[Friedberg, Styria|Friedberg]] (Austria), [[La Crosse, Wisconsin|La Crosse]] (USA), [[Völs am Schlern]] (Italy) * Hollenbach: [[Contest, Mayenne|Contest]] (France) * Kühbach: intended with [[Balatonföldvár]] (Hungary) * Mering: [[Ambérieu-en-Bugey]] (France) * Obergriesbach: [[Eltendorf]] (Austria) * Pöttmes: [[La Haye-Pesnel]] (France) * Schiltberg: [[Schwertberg]] (Austria) * Sielenbach: [[Saint-Fraimbault-de-Prières]] (France) q6xqb2yyw7l0upw5zt8b28abr872o5u 624909 624908 2026-07-02T07:51:40Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624909 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aichach-Friedberg''' jẹ́ Landkreisi [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. '''Aic jẹ́ Àwọn àgbègbè tó yí i ká (láti ìwọ̀ oòrùn àríwá ní ìtòsí aago) ni Augsburg, Donau-Ries, Neuburg-Schrobenhausen, Pfaffenhofen, Dachau, Fürstenfeldbruck àti Landsberg. Ó tún ní ààlà pẹ̀lú ìlú Augsburg. == Àwọn ìlú tí wọ́n ní ìbáṣepọ̀ == * Affing: [[Lobez]] (Poland) * Aichach: [[Brixlegg]] (Austria), [[Gödöllő|Gödöllö]] (Hungary), [[Schifferstadt]] (Germany) * Aindling: [[Avord]] (France) * Dasing: [[Siedlce]] (Poland) * Friedberg: [[Bressuire]] (France), [[Chippenham]] (England), [[Friedberg, Styria|Friedberg]] (Austria), [[La Crosse, Wisconsin|La Crosse]] (USA), [[Völs am Schlern]] (Italy) * Hollenbach: [[Contest, Mayenne|Contest]] (France) * Kühbach: intended with [[Balatonföldvár]] (Hungary) * Mering: [[Ambérieu-en-Bugey]] (France) * Obergriesbach: [[Eltendorf]] (Austria) * Pöttmes: [[La Haye-Pesnel]] (France) * Schiltberg: [[Schwertberg]] (Austria) * Sielenbach: [[Saint-Fraimbault-de-Prières]] (France) b1k5jk667j3aet0vwcwgx4c1appznu1 624910 624909 2026-07-02T07:52:21Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Àwọn ìlú tí wọ́n ní ìbáṣepọ̀ */ 624910 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aichach-Friedberg''' jẹ́ Landkreisi [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. '''Aic jẹ́ Àwọn àgbègbè tó yí i ká (láti ìwọ̀ oòrùn àríwá ní ìtòsí aago) ni Augsburg, Donau-Ries, Neuburg-Schrobenhausen, Pfaffenhofen, Dachau, Fürstenfeldbruck àti Landsberg. Ó tún ní ààlà pẹ̀lú ìlú Augsburg. == Àwọn ìlú tí wọ́n ní ìbáṣepọ̀ == * Affing: [[Lobez]] (Poland) * Aichach: [[Brixlegg]] (Austria), [[Gödöllő|Gödöllö]] (Hungary), [[Schifferstadt]] (Germany) * Aindling: [[Avord]] (France) * Dasing: [[Siedlce]] (Poland) * Friedberg: [[Bressuire]] (France), [[Chippenham]] (England), [[Friedberg, Styria|Friedberg]] (Austria), [[La Crosse, Wisconsin|La Crosse]] (USA), [[Völs am Schlern]] (Italy) * Hollenbach: [[Contest, Mayenne|Contest]] (France) * Kühbach: intended with [[Balatonföldvár]] (Hungary) * Mering: [[Ambérieu-en-Bugey]] (France) * Obergriesbach: [[Eltendorf]] (Austria) * Pöttmes: [[La Haye-Pesnel]] (France) * Schiltberg: [[Schwertberg]] (Austria) * Sielenbach: [[Saint-Fraimbault-de-Prières]] (France) == Towns and municipalities == {{Imagemap Germany district AIC|Municipalities in AIC.svg|300px{{!}}thumb{{!}}Clickable map of towns and municipalities in the district}} {| ! align=left width=33%|Towns ! align=left width=33%|Municipalities |- valign=top || #[[Aichach]] #[[Friedberg, Bavaria|Friedberg]] || #[[Adelzhausen]] #[[Affing]] #[[Aindling]] #[[Baar, Bavaria|Baar]] #[[Dasing]] #[[Eurasburg, Swabia|Eurasburg]] #[[Hollenbach]] #[[Inchenhofen]] #[[Kissing, Bavaria|Kissing]] #[[Kühbach]] #[[Merching]] || <ol start=12> <li> [[Mering]] <li> [[Obergriesbach]] <li> [[Petersdorf, Bavaria|Petersdorf]] <li> [[Pöttmes]] <li> [[Rehling]] <li> [[Ried, Bavaria|Ried]] <li> [[Schiltberg]] <li> [[Schmiechen]] <li> [[Sielenbach]] <li> [[Steindorf]] <li> [[Todtenweis]] </ol> |} ro3b2kzggccu0fj3vv6kvd94juaiw8h 624911 624910 2026-07-02T07:53:53Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624911 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aichach-Friedberg''' jẹ́ Landkreisi [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. '''Aic jẹ́ Àwọn àgbègbè tó yí i ká (láti ìwọ̀ oòrùn àríwá ní ìtòsí aago) ni Augsburg, Donau-Ries, Neuburg-Schrobenhausen, Pfaffenhofen, Dachau, Fürstenfeldbruck àti Landsberg. Ó tún ní ààlà pẹ̀lú ìlú Augsburg. == Àwọn ìlú tí wọ́n ní ìbáṣepọ̀ == * Affing: [[Lobez]] (Poland) * Aichach: [[Brixlegg]] (Austria), [[Gödöllő|Gödöllö]] (Hungary), [[Schifferstadt]] (Germany) * Aindling: [[Avord]] (France) * Dasing: [[Siedlce]] (Poland) * Friedberg: [[Bressuire]] (France), [[Chippenham]] (England), [[Friedberg, Styria|Friedberg]] (Austria), [[La Crosse, Wisconsin|La Crosse]] (USA), [[Völs am Schlern]] (Italy) * Hollenbach: [[Contest, Mayenne|Contest]] (France) * Kühbach: intended with [[Balatonföldvár]] (Hungary) * Mering: [[Ambérieu-en-Bugey]] (France) * Obergriesbach: [[Eltendorf]] (Austria) * Pöttmes: [[La Haye-Pesnel]] (France) * Schiltberg: [[Schwertberg]] (Austria) * Sielenbach: [[Saint-Fraimbault-de-Prières]] (France) == Àwọn ìlú àti àwọn ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ == {| ! align=left width=33%|Towns ! align=left width=33%|Municipalities |- valign=top || #[[Aichach]] #[[Friedberg, Bavaria|Friedberg]] || #[[Adelzhausen]] #[[Affing]] #[[Aindling]] #[[Baar, Bavaria|Baar]] #[[Dasing]] #[[Eurasburg, Swabia|Eurasburg]] #[[Hollenbach]] #[[Inchenhofen]] #[[Kissing, Bavaria|Kissing]] #[[Kühbach]] #[[Merching]] || <ol start=12> <li> [[Mering]] <li> [[Obergriesbach]] <li> [[Petersdorf, Bavaria|Petersdorf]] <li> [[Pöttmes]] <li> [[Rehling]] <li> [[Ried, Bavaria|Ried]] <li> [[Schiltberg]] <li> [[Schmiechen]] <li> [[Sielenbach]] <li> [[Steindorf]] <li> [[Todtenweis]] </ol> |} p732dmqle97p5nda6r8nppbfva0clq5 624912 624911 2026-07-02T07:54:29Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624912 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aichach-Friedberg''' jẹ́ Landkreisi [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. '''Aic jẹ́ Àwọn àgbègbè tó yí i ká (láti ìwọ̀ oòrùn àríwá ní ìtòsí aago) ni Augsburg, Donau-Ries, Neuburg-Schrobenhausen, Pfaffenhofen, Dachau, Fürstenfeldbruck àti Landsberg. Ó tún ní ààlà pẹ̀lú ìlú Augsburg. == Àwọn ìlú tí wọ́n ní ìbáṣepọ̀ == * Affing: [[Lobez]] (Poland) * Aichach: [[Brixlegg]] (Austria), [[Gödöllő|Gödöllö]] (Hungary), [[Schifferstadt]] (Germany) * Aindling: [[Avord]] (France) * Dasing: [[Siedlce]] (Poland) * Friedberg: [[Bressuire]] (France), [[Chippenham]] (England), [[Friedberg, Styria|Friedberg]] (Austria), [[La Crosse, Wisconsin|La Crosse]] (USA), [[Völs am Schlern]] (Italy) * Hollenbach: [[Contest, Mayenne|Contest]] (France) * Kühbach: intended with [[Balatonföldvár]] (Hungary) * Mering: [[Ambérieu-en-Bugey]] (France) * Obergriesbach: [[Eltendorf]] (Austria) * Pöttmes: [[La Haye-Pesnel]] (France) * Schiltberg: [[Schwertberg]] (Austria) * Sielenbach: [[Saint-Fraimbault-de-Prières]] (France) == Àwọn ìlú àti àwọn ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ == {| ! align=left width=33%|Towns ! align=left width=33%|Municipalities |- valign=top || #[[Aichach]] #[[Friedberg, Bavaria|Friedberg]] || #[[Adelzhausen]] #[[Affing]] #[[Aindling]] #[[Baar, Bavaria|Baar]] #[[Dasing]] #[[Eurasburg, Swabia|Eurasburg]] #[[Hollenbach]] #[[Inchenhofen]] #[[Kissing, Bavaria|Kissing]] #[[Kühbach]] #[[Merching]] || <ol start=12> <li> [[Mering]] <li> [[Obergriesbach]] <li> [[Petersdorf, Bavaria|Petersdorf]] <li> [[Pöttmes]] <li> [[Rehling]] <li> [[Ried, Bavaria|Ried]] <li> [[Schiltberg]] <li> [[Schmiechen]] <li> [[Sielenbach]] <li> [[Steindorf]] <li> [[Todtenweis]] </ol> |} == Coat of arms == The coat of arms displays: * top: the white and blue checkered pattern of [[Bavaria]] * bottom left: the oak leaf from the old coat of arms of Aichach * bottom right: the ''Ulrich's Cross'', used by the bishops of [[Augsburg]] 12cqybs35z1d6aykb5m4pjug6s1dwfc 624913 624912 2026-07-02T07:55:39Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Ààmì ìdílé */ 624913 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aichach-Friedberg''' jẹ́ Landkreisi [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. '''Aic jẹ́ Àwọn àgbègbè tó yí i ká (láti ìwọ̀ oòrùn àríwá ní ìtòsí aago) ni Augsburg, Donau-Ries, Neuburg-Schrobenhausen, Pfaffenhofen, Dachau, Fürstenfeldbruck àti Landsberg. Ó tún ní ààlà pẹ̀lú ìlú Augsburg. == Àwọn ìlú tí wọ́n ní ìbáṣepọ̀ == * Affing: [[Lobez]] (Poland) * Aichach: [[Brixlegg]] (Austria), [[Gödöllő|Gödöllö]] (Hungary), [[Schifferstadt]] (Germany) * Aindling: [[Avord]] (France) * Dasing: [[Siedlce]] (Poland) * Friedberg: [[Bressuire]] (France), [[Chippenham]] (England), [[Friedberg, Styria|Friedberg]] (Austria), [[La Crosse, Wisconsin|La Crosse]] (USA), [[Völs am Schlern]] (Italy) * Hollenbach: [[Contest, Mayenne|Contest]] (France) * Kühbach: intended with [[Balatonföldvár]] (Hungary) * Mering: [[Ambérieu-en-Bugey]] (France) * Obergriesbach: [[Eltendorf]] (Austria) * Pöttmes: [[La Haye-Pesnel]] (France) * Schiltberg: [[Schwertberg]] (Austria) * Sielenbach: [[Saint-Fraimbault-de-Prières]] (France) == Àwọn ìlú àti àwọn ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ == {| ! align=left width=33%|Towns ! align=left width=33%|Municipalities |- valign=top || #[[Aichach]] #[[Friedberg, Bavaria|Friedberg]] || #[[Adelzhausen]] #[[Affing]] #[[Aindling]] #[[Baar, Bavaria|Baar]] #[[Dasing]] #[[Eurasburg, Swabia|Eurasburg]] #[[Hollenbach]] #[[Inchenhofen]] #[[Kissing, Bavaria|Kissing]] #[[Kühbach]] #[[Merching]] || <ol start=12> <li> [[Mering]] <li> [[Obergriesbach]] <li> [[Petersdorf, Bavaria|Petersdorf]] <li> [[Pöttmes]] <li> [[Rehling]] <li> [[Ried, Bavaria|Ried]] <li> [[Schiltberg]] <li> [[Schmiechen]] <li> [[Sielenbach]] <li> [[Steindorf]] <li> [[Todtenweis]] </ol> |} == Ààmì ìdílé == Ààmì ìdílé náà ní àwọn àkópọ̀ wọ̀nyí: Òkè: Àpẹrẹ oníṣẹ̣́́ẹ̀kì funfun àti búlúù tí ó jẹ́ àmì Bavaria. Ìsàlẹ̀ apá òsì: Ewé igi oaku láti inú ààmì ìdílé àtijọ́ ti Aichach. Ìsàlẹ̀ apá ọ̀tún: Agbéjọ́rò Ulrich (Ulrich's Cross), ààmì tí àwọn bíṣọ́ọ̀bù ti Augsburg máa ń lò. 7kuz634655j4glvo6agkwc0ljkynw66 624914 624913 2026-07-02T07:56:18Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624914 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aichach-Friedberg''' jẹ́ Landkreisi [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. '''Aic jẹ́ Àwọn àgbègbè tó yí i ká (láti ìwọ̀ oòrùn àríwá ní ìtòsí aago) ni Augsburg, Donau-Ries, Neuburg-Schrobenhausen, Pfaffenhofen, Dachau, Fürstenfeldbruck àti Landsberg. Ó tún ní ààlà pẹ̀lú ìlú Augsburg. == Àwọn ìlú tí wọ́n ní ìbáṣepọ̀ == * Affing: [[Lobez]] (Poland) * Aichach: [[Brixlegg]] (Austria), [[Gödöllő|Gödöllö]] (Hungary), [[Schifferstadt]] (Germany) * Aindling: [[Avord]] (France) * Dasing: [[Siedlce]] (Poland) * Friedberg: [[Bressuire]] (France), [[Chippenham]] (England), [[Friedberg, Styria|Friedberg]] (Austria), [[La Crosse, Wisconsin|La Crosse]] (USA), [[Völs am Schlern]] (Italy) * Hollenbach: [[Contest, Mayenne|Contest]] (France) * Kühbach: intended with [[Balatonföldvár]] (Hungary) * Mering: [[Ambérieu-en-Bugey]] (France) * Obergriesbach: [[Eltendorf]] (Austria) * Pöttmes: [[La Haye-Pesnel]] (France) * Schiltberg: [[Schwertberg]] (Austria) * Sielenbach: [[Saint-Fraimbault-de-Prières]] (France) == Àwọn ìlú àti àwọn ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ == {| ! align=left width=33%|Towns ! align=left width=33%|Municipalities |- valign=top || #[[Aichach]] #[[Friedberg, Bavaria|Friedberg]] || #[[Adelzhausen]] #[[Affing]] #[[Aindling]] #[[Baar, Bavaria|Baar]] #[[Dasing]] #[[Eurasburg, Swabia|Eurasburg]] #[[Hollenbach]] #[[Inchenhofen]] #[[Kissing, Bavaria|Kissing]] #[[Kühbach]] #[[Merching]] || <ol start=12> <li> [[Mering]] <li> [[Obergriesbach]] <li> [[Petersdorf, Bavaria|Petersdorf]] <li> [[Pöttmes]] <li> [[Rehling]] <li> [[Ried, Bavaria|Ried]] <li> [[Schiltberg]] <li> [[Schmiechen]] <li> [[Sielenbach]] <li> [[Steindorf]] <li> [[Todtenweis]] </ol> |} == Ààmì ìdílé == Ààmì ìdílé náà ní àwọn àkópọ̀ wọ̀nyí: Òkè: Àpẹrẹ oníṣẹ̣́́ẹ̀kì funfun àti búlúù tí ó jẹ́ àmì Bavaria Ìsàlẹ̀ apá òsì: Ewé igi oaku láti inú ààmì ìdílé àtijọ́ ti Aichach. Ìsàlẹ̀ apá ọ̀tún: Agbéjọ́rò Ulrich (Ulrich's Cross), ààmì tí àwọn bíṣọ́ọ̀bù ti Augsburg máa ń lò. 6bvj6u1iemxrhof4vptwjra1c86sdxf 624915 624914 2026-07-02T07:57:25Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624915 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aichach-Friedberg''' jẹ́ Landkreisi [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. '''Aic jẹ́ Àwọn àgbègbè tó yí i ká (láti ìwọ̀ oòrùn àríwá ní ìtòsí aago) ni Augsburg, Donau-Ries, Neuburg-Schrobenhausen, Pfaffenhofen, Dachau, Fürstenfeldbruck àti Landsberg. Ó tún ní ààlà pẹ̀lú ìlú Augsburg. == Àwọn ìlú tí wọ́n ní ìbáṣepọ̀ == * Affing: [[Lobez]] (Poland) * Aichach: [[Brixlegg]] (Austria), [[Gödöllő|Gödöllö]] (Hungary), [[Schifferstadt]] (Germany) * Aindling: [[Avord]] (France) * Dasing: [[Siedlce]] (Poland) * Friedberg: [[Bressuire]] (France), [[Chippenham]] (England), [[Friedberg, Styria|Friedberg]] (Austria), [[La Crosse, Wisconsin|La Crosse]] (USA), [[Völs am Schlern]] (Italy) * Hollenbach: [[Contest, Mayenne|Contest]] (France) * Kühbach: intended with [[Balatonföldvár]] (Hungary) * Mering: [[Ambérieu-en-Bugey]] (France) * Obergriesbach: [[Eltendorf]] (Austria) * Pöttmes: [[La Haye-Pesnel]] (France) * Schiltberg: [[Schwertberg]] (Austria) * Sielenbach: [[Saint-Fraimbault-de-Prières]] (France) == Àwọn ìlú àti àwọn ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ == {| ! align=left width=33%|Towns ! align=left width=33%|Municipalities |- valign=top || #[[Aichach]] #[[Friedberg, Bavaria|Friedberg]] || #[[Adelzhausen]] #[[Affing]] #[[Aindling]] #[[Baar, Bavaria|Baar]] #[[Dasing]] #[[Eurasburg, Swabia|Eurasburg]] #[[Hollenbach]] #[[Inchenhofen]] #[[Kissing, Bavaria|Kissing]] #[[Kühbach]] #[[Merching]] || <ol start=12> <li> [[Mering]] <li> [[Obergriesbach]] <li> [[Petersdorf, Bavaria|Petersdorf]] <li> [[Pöttmes]] <li> [[Rehling]] <li> [[Ried, Bavaria|Ried]] <li> [[Schiltberg]] <li> [[Schmiechen]] <li> [[Sielenbach]] <li> [[Steindorf]] <li> [[Todtenweis]] </ol> |} == Ààmì ìdílé == Ààmì ìdílé náà ní àwọn àkópọ̀ wọ̀nyí: Òkè: Àpẹrẹ oníṣẹ̣́́ẹ̀kì funfun àti búlúù tí ó jẹ́ àmì Bavaria Ìsàlẹ̀ apá òsì: Ewé igi oaku láti inú ààmì ìdílé àtijọ́ ti Aichach. Ìsàlẹ̀ apá ọ̀tún: Agbéjọ́rò Ulrich (Ulrich's Cross), ààmì tí àwọn bíṣọ́ọ̀bù ti Augsburg máa ń lò. == Geography == The district is located to the east of the city of [[Augsburg]] and comprises a rural area with few major towns. The Lech River forms the western border of the district. Another river, the [[Paar (river)|Paar]] (an affluent of the [[Danube]]), enters the district in the southwest, runs through [[Aichach]] and leaves to the northeast. The territory is also known as '''Wittelsbacher Land''', due to the castle of [[Wittelsbach Castle|Wittelsbach]] near Aichach. qtbqa7k0vex1olmgoqc0ncfw7lls7uz 624916 624915 2026-07-02T07:58:19Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624916 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aichach-Friedberg''' jẹ́ Landkreisi [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. '''Aic jẹ́ Àwọn àgbègbè tó yí i ká (láti ìwọ̀ oòrùn àríwá ní ìtòsí aago) ni Augsburg, Donau-Ries, Neuburg-Schrobenhausen, Pfaffenhofen, Dachau, Fürstenfeldbruck àti Landsberg. Ó tún ní ààlà pẹ̀lú ìlú Augsburg. == Àwọn ìlú tí wọ́n ní ìbáṣepọ̀ == * Affing: [[Lobez]] (Poland) * Aichach: [[Brixlegg]] (Austria), [[Gödöllő|Gödöllö]] (Hungary), [[Schifferstadt]] (Germany) * Aindling: [[Avord]] (France) * Dasing: [[Siedlce]] (Poland) * Friedberg: [[Bressuire]] (France), [[Chippenham]] (England), [[Friedberg, Styria|Friedberg]] (Austria), [[La Crosse, Wisconsin|La Crosse]] (USA), [[Völs am Schlern]] (Italy) * Hollenbach: [[Contest, Mayenne|Contest]] (France) * Kühbach: intended with [[Balatonföldvár]] (Hungary) * Mering: [[Ambérieu-en-Bugey]] (France) * Obergriesbach: [[Eltendorf]] (Austria) * Pöttmes: [[La Haye-Pesnel]] (France) * Schiltberg: [[Schwertberg]] (Austria) * Sielenbach: [[Saint-Fraimbault-de-Prières]] (France) == Àwọn ìlú àti àwọn ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ == {| ! align=left width=33%|Towns ! align=left width=33%|Municipalities |- valign=top || #[[Aichach]] #[[Friedberg, Bavaria|Friedberg]] || #[[Adelzhausen]] #[[Affing]] #[[Aindling]] #[[Baar, Bavaria|Baar]] #[[Dasing]] #[[Eurasburg, Swabia|Eurasburg]] #[[Hollenbach]] #[[Inchenhofen]] #[[Kissing, Bavaria|Kissing]] #[[Kühbach]] #[[Merching]] || <ol start=12> <li> [[Mering]] <li> [[Obergriesbach]] <li> [[Petersdorf, Bavaria|Petersdorf]] <li> [[Pöttmes]] <li> [[Rehling]] <li> [[Ried, Bavaria|Ried]] <li> [[Schiltberg]] <li> [[Schmiechen]] <li> [[Sielenbach]] <li> [[Steindorf]] <li> [[Todtenweis]] </ol> |} == Ààmì ìdílé == Ààmì ìdílé náà ní àwọn àkópọ̀ wọ̀nyí: Òkè: Àpẹrẹ oníṣẹ̣́́ẹ̀kì funfun àti búlúù tí ó jẹ́ àmì Bavaria Ìsàlẹ̀ apá òsì: Ewé igi oaku láti inú ààmì ìdílé àtijọ́ ti Aichach. Ìsàlẹ̀ apá ọ̀tún: Agbéjọ́rò Ulrich (Ulrich's Cross), ààmì tí àwọn bíṣọ́ọ̀bù ti Augsburg máa ń lò. == ìtàn re == Àgbègbè náà wà ní ìlà oòrùn ìlú Augsburg, ó sì jẹ́ agbègbè ìgbèríko tí kò ní ọ̀pọ̀ ìlú ńlá. Odò Lech ló jẹ́ ààlà ìwọ̀ oòrùn àgbègbè náà. Odò míì, Paar, tó jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn odò tí ń ṣàn sí Danube, wọ àgbègbè náà láti ìwọ̀ gúúsù ìwọ̀ oòrùn, ó ń kọjá nípasẹ̀ ìlú Aichach, ó sì jáde ní apá àríwá ìlà oòrùn. Àgbègbè náà tún jẹ́ mímọ̀ sí Wittelsbacher Land, nítorí pé ilé-ọba Wittelsbach wà nítòsí ìlú Aichach. c5fnu2t1py83xct1lpxgciyyui855r6 0 80795 624917 2026-07-02T08:01:46Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 Ṣ'èdá ojúewé pẹ̀lú "{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Albinen | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Albinen.jpg | image_caption = Albinen village | imagepath_coa = CHE Albinen COA alt.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Albinen Flag.svg | canton = Valais | iso-code-region = CH-VS | district = [[Leuk (district)|Leuk]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|20|N|7|38|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3955 | mu..." 624917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Albinen | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Albinen.jpg | image_caption = Albinen village | imagepath_coa = CHE Albinen COA alt.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Albinen Flag.svg | canton = Valais | iso-code-region = CH-VS | district = [[Leuk (district)|Leuk]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|20|N|7|38|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3955 | municipality_code = 6102 | area = 15.5 | elevation = 1300|elevation_description= | population = 266|populationof = December 2002 | popofyear = 2002 | website = albinen.ch | mayor = Bernhard Grand |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Guttet-Feschel]], [[Inden, Switzerland|Inden]], [[Leuk]], [[Leukerbad]] | twintowns = |}} '''Albinen''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Leuk (district)|Leuk]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Valais]] in [[Switzerland]]. 0xifj1cly42vte2uf9v0gizj1yyfx31 624918 624917 2026-07-02T08:02:48Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Albinen | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Albinen.jpg | image_caption = Albinen village | imagepath_coa = CHE Albinen COA alt.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Albinen Flag.svg | canton = Valais | iso-code-region = CH-VS | district = [[Leuk (district)|Leuk]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|20|N|7|38|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3955 | municipality_code = 6102 | area = 15.5 | elevation = 1300|elevation_description= | population = 266|populationof = December 2002 | popofyear = 2002 | website = albinen.ch | mayor = Bernhard Grand |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Guttet-Feschel]], [[Inden, Switzerland|Inden]], [[Leuk]], [[Leukerbad]] | twintowns = |}} '''Albinen''' jẹ́ ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè ìṣàkóso Leuk District, ní kantoni Valais, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. a5v4x74j7myj1og08uus8xu7vw9jlqo 624919 624918 2026-07-02T08:03:44Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Albinen | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Albinen.jpg | image_caption = Albinen village | imagepath_coa = CHE Albinen COA alt.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Albinen Flag.svg | canton = Valais | iso-code-region = CH-VS | district = [[Leuk (district)|Leuk]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|20|N|7|38|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3955 | municipality_code = 6102 | area = 15.5 | elevation = 1300|elevation_description= | population = 266|populationof = December 2002 | popofyear = 2002 | website = albinen.ch | mayor = Bernhard Grand |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Guttet-Feschel]], [[Inden, Switzerland|Inden]], [[Leuk]], [[Leukerbad]] | twintowns = |}} '''Albinen''' jẹ́ ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè ìṣàkóso Leuk District, ní kantoni Valais, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Education== In Albinen about 80 or (30.7%) of the population have completed non-mandatory [[Education in Switzerland#Secondary|upper secondary education]], and 19 or (7.3%) have completed additional higher education (either [[List of universities in Switzerland|university]] or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]''). Of the 19 who completed tertiary schooling, 47.4% were Swiss men, 15.8% were Swiss women.<ref name=STAT2000/> {{as of|2000}}, there were 13 students from Albinen who attended schools outside the municipality.<ref name=commuter/> n6heelj5z11wi4oo2utxibutmqv8xy2 624920 624919 2026-07-02T08:07:25Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Ẹ̀kọ́ */ 624920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Albinen | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Albinen.jpg | image_caption = Albinen village | imagepath_coa = CHE Albinen COA alt.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Albinen Flag.svg | canton = Valais | iso-code-region = CH-VS | district = [[Leuk (district)|Leuk]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|20|N|7|38|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3955 | municipality_code = 6102 | area = 15.5 | elevation = 1300|elevation_description= | population = 266|populationof = December 2002 | popofyear = 2002 | website = albinen.ch | mayor = Bernhard Grand |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Guttet-Feschel]], [[Inden, Switzerland|Inden]], [[Leuk]], [[Leukerbad]] | twintowns = |}} '''Albinen''' jẹ́ ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè ìṣàkóso Leuk District, ní kantoni Valais, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. == Ẹ̀kọ́ == Ní Albinen, ẹni 80, tàbí ìdá 30.7% nínú àwọn olùgbé, ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ girama gíga (upper secondary education) tí kì í ṣe dandan. Àwọn ẹni 19, tàbí ìdá 7.3%, sì ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga sí i ní yunifásítì tàbí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ (Fachhochschule). Nínú àwọn ẹni 19 tí wọ́n parí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga yìí, 47.4% jẹ́ àwọn ọkùnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland, nígbà tí 15.8% jẹ́ àwọn obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland.<ref name=STAT2000/> {{as of|2000}}, there were 13 students from Albinen who attended schools outside the municipality.<ref name=commuter/> otpz8kiydqx7gsnx7092fc7g5jqn0pg 624921 624920 2026-07-02T08:08:26Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Albinen | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Albinen.jpg | image_caption = Albinen village | imagepath_coa = CHE Albinen COA alt.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Albinen Flag.svg | canton = Valais | iso-code-region = CH-VS | district = [[Leuk (district)|Leuk]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|20|N|7|38|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3955 | municipality_code = 6102 | area = 15.5 | elevation = 1300|elevation_description= | population = 266|populationof = December 2002 | popofyear = 2002 | website = albinen.ch | mayor = Bernhard Grand |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Guttet-Feschel]], [[Inden, Switzerland|Inden]], [[Leuk]], [[Leukerbad]] | twintowns = |}} '''Albinen''' jẹ́ ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè ìṣàkóso Leuk District, ní kantoni Valais, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. == Ẹ̀kọ́ == Ní Albinen, ẹni 80, tàbí ìdá 30.7% nínú àwọn olùgbé, ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ girama gíga (upper secondary education) tí kì í ṣe dandan. Àwọn ẹni 19, tàbí ìdá 7.3%, sì ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga sí i ní yunifásítì tàbí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ (Fachhochschule). Nínú àwọn ẹni 19 tí wọ́n parí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga yìí, 47.4% jẹ́ àwọn ọkùnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland, nígbà tí 15.8% jẹ́ àwọn obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland.<ref name=STAT2000/> Títí di ọdún 2000, àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ mẹ́tàlá (13) láti Albinen máa ń lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ tó wà lẹ́yìn ààlà ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ náà..<ref name=commuter/> == Itokasi == aoena6a3wgnh5c08h4048m7gori2ry4 624922 624921 2026-07-02T08:09:39Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Albinen | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Albinen.jpg | image_caption = Albinen village | imagepath_coa = CHE Albinen COA alt.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Albinen Flag.svg | canton = Valais | iso-code-region = CH-VS | district = [[Leuk (district)|Leuk]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|20|N|7|38|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3955 | municipality_code = 6102 | area = 15.5 | elevation = 1300|elevation_description= | population = 266|populationof = December 2002 | popofyear = 2002 | website = albinen.ch | mayor = Bernhard Grand |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Guttet-Feschel]], [[Inden, Switzerland|Inden]], [[Leuk]], [[Leukerbad]] | twintowns = |}} '''Albinen''' jẹ́ ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè ìṣàkóso Leuk District, ní kantoni Valais, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. == Ẹ̀kọ́ == Ní Albinen, ẹni 80, tàbí ìdá 30.7% nínú àwọn olùgbé, ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ girama gíga (upper secondary education) tí kì í ṣe dandan. Àwọn ẹni 19, tàbí ìdá 7.3%, sì ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga sí i ní yunifásítì tàbí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ (Fachhochschule). Nínú àwọn ẹni 19 tí wọ́n parí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga yìí, 47.4% jẹ́ àwọn ọkùnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland, nígbà tí 15.8% jẹ́ àwọn obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland.<ref name=STAT2000/> Títí di ọdún 2000, àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ mẹ́tàlá (13) láti Albinen máa ń lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ tó wà lẹ́yìn ààlà ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ náà..<ref name=commuter/> == Ìtàn == A kọ́kọ́ mẹ́nu kàn Albinen ní ọdún 1224 pẹ̀lú orúkọ Albignun. Lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n tún mọ̀ ọ́ sí Albinnon, tàbí pẹ̀lú orúkọ Faranse rẹ̀, Arbignon. == Itokasi == dgsez2qpx3ofskhyw1f8yfpg85o4lhh 624923 624922 2026-07-02T08:10:47Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Albinen | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Albinen.jpg | image_caption = Albinen village | imagepath_coa = CHE Albinen COA alt.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Albinen Flag.svg | canton = Valais | iso-code-region = CH-VS | district = [[Leuk (district)|Leuk]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|20|N|7|38|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3955 | municipality_code = 6102 | area = 15.5 | elevation = 1300|elevation_description= | population = 266|populationof = December 2002 | popofyear = 2002 | website = albinen.ch | mayor = Bernhard Grand |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Guttet-Feschel]], [[Inden, Switzerland|Inden]], [[Leuk]], [[Leukerbad]] | twintowns = |}} '''Albinen''' jẹ́ ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè ìṣàkóso Leuk District, ní kantoni Valais, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. == Ẹ̀kọ́ == Ní Albinen, ẹni 80, tàbí ìdá 30.7% nínú àwọn olùgbé, ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ girama gíga (upper secondary education) tí kì í ṣe dandan. Àwọn ẹni 19, tàbí ìdá 7.3%, sì ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga sí i ní yunifásítì tàbí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ (Fachhochschule). Nínú àwọn ẹni 19 tí wọ́n parí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga yìí, 47.4% jẹ́ àwọn ọkùnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland, nígbà tí 15.8% jẹ́ àwọn obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland.<ref name=STAT2000/> Títí di ọdún 2000, àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ mẹ́tàlá (13) láti Albinen máa ń lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ tó wà lẹ́yìn ààlà ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ náà..<ref name=commuter/> == Ìtàn == A kọ́kọ́ mẹ́nu kàn Albinen ní ọdún 1224 pẹ̀lú orúkọ Albignun. Lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n tún mọ̀ ọ́ sí Albinnon, tàbí pẹ̀lú orúkọ Faranse rẹ̀, Arbignon. == Ewéko àti Ẹranko == Àwọn ewéko tó ń hù ní Albinen yàtọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí gíga ilẹ̀ ṣe yàtọ̀. Ní àwọn agbègbè tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀, igbó àti pápá koríko ló pọ̀ jù. Bí a ṣe ń gòkè sí ibi tó ga, ilẹ̀ náà di pápá koríko orí òkè, àpáta àti gẹ̀rẹ́gẹ̀rẹ́ òkè. Oríṣìíríṣìí òdòdó igbó máa ń hù níbẹ̀, ní pàtàkì ní àsìkò orísun omi àti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbà ooru, nígbà tí ọ̀pọ̀ wọn bá ń yọ̀. Ní ìgbà ẹ̀rùn, ewé igi larch máa ń yí padà sí àwọ̀ ofeefee, àwọn igbó kéékèèké sì máa ń hàn pẹ̀lú oríṣìíríṣìí àwọ̀ pupa, osàn àti ofeefee. Albinen jẹ́ ibùgbé fún ọ̀pọ̀ irú ẹyẹ, pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹranko igbó bíi àgbọ̀nrín (deer), chamois, kọ̀lọ̀kọ̀lọ̀ (fox), lynx, àti steinbock (ewúrẹ́ igbó Alps). == Itokasi == gp6e0oe5scip1r0rsh6pur5b334yufy 624924 624923 2026-07-02T08:12:14Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Albinen | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Albinen.jpg | image_caption = Albinen village | imagepath_coa = CHE Albinen COA alt.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Albinen Flag.svg | canton = Valais | iso-code-region = CH-VS | district = [[Leuk (district)|Leuk]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|20|N|7|38|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3955 | municipality_code = 6102 | area = 15.5 | elevation = 1300|elevation_description= | population = 266|populationof = December 2002 | popofyear = 2002 | website = albinen.ch | mayor = Bernhard Grand |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Guttet-Feschel]], [[Inden, Switzerland|Inden]], [[Leuk]], [[Leukerbad]] | twintowns = |}} '''Albinen''' jẹ́ ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè ìṣàkóso Leuk District, ní kantoni Valais, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. == Ẹ̀kọ́ == Ní Albinen, ẹni 80, tàbí ìdá 30.7% nínú àwọn olùgbé, ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ girama gíga (upper secondary education) tí kì í ṣe dandan. Àwọn ẹni 19, tàbí ìdá 7.3%, sì ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga sí i ní yunifásítì tàbí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ (Fachhochschule). Nínú àwọn ẹni 19 tí wọ́n parí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga yìí, 47.4% jẹ́ àwọn ọkùnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland, nígbà tí 15.8% jẹ́ àwọn obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland.<ref name=STAT2000/> Títí di ọdún 2000, àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ mẹ́tàlá (13) láti Albinen máa ń lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ tó wà lẹ́yìn ààlà ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ náà..<ref name=commuter/> == Ìtàn == A kọ́kọ́ mẹ́nu kàn Albinen ní ọdún 1224 pẹ̀lú orúkọ Albignun. Lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n tún mọ̀ ọ́ sí Albinnon, tàbí pẹ̀lú orúkọ Faranse rẹ̀, Arbignon. == Ewéko àti Ẹranko == Àwọn ewéko tó ń hù ní Albinen yàtọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí gíga ilẹ̀ ṣe yàtọ̀. Ní àwọn agbègbè tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀, igbó àti pápá koríko ló pọ̀ jù. Bí a ṣe ń gòkè sí ibi tó ga, ilẹ̀ náà di pápá koríko orí òkè, àpáta àti gẹ̀rẹ́gẹ̀rẹ́ òkè. Oríṣìíríṣìí òdòdó igbó máa ń hù níbẹ̀, ní pàtàkì ní àsìkò orísun omi àti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbà ooru, nígbà tí ọ̀pọ̀ wọn bá ń yọ̀. Ní ìgbà ẹ̀rùn, ewé igi larch máa ń yí padà sí àwọ̀ ofeefee, àwọn igbó kéékèèké sì máa ń hàn pẹ̀lú oríṣìíríṣìí àwọ̀ pupa, osàn àti ofeefee. Albinen jẹ́ ibùgbé fún ọ̀pọ̀ irú ẹyẹ, pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹranko igbó bíi àgbọ̀nrín (deer), chamois, kọ̀lọ̀kọ̀lọ̀ (fox), lynx, àti steinbock (ewúrẹ́ igbó Alps). == Ààmì ìdílé == Àpejúwe osìṣẹ́ (blazon) ti ààmì ìdílé ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ náà ni: Lórí àyè funfun (argent), àgbélébùú Látìn dúdú (Latin cross sable) ń yọ láti inú àwọn òkè kéékèèké aláwọ̀ ewé (coupeaux vert). == Itokasi == mm1knck8mfk1i8xvck15xbiye5gfvyr 624925 624924 2026-07-02T08:12:56Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Albinen | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Albinen.jpg | image_caption = Albinen village | imagepath_coa = CHE Albinen COA alt.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Albinen Flag.svg | canton = Valais | iso-code-region = CH-VS | district = [[Leuk (district)|Leuk]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|20|N|7|38|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3955 | municipality_code = 6102 | area = 15.5 | elevation = 1300|elevation_description= | population = 266|populationof = December 2002 | popofyear = 2002 | website = albinen.ch | mayor = Bernhard Grand |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Guttet-Feschel]], [[Inden, Switzerland|Inden]], [[Leuk]], [[Leukerbad]] | twintowns = |}} '''Albinen''' jẹ́ ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè ìṣàkóso Leuk District, ní kantoni Valais, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. == Ẹ̀kọ́ == Ní Albinen, ẹni 80, tàbí ìdá 30.7% nínú àwọn olùgbé, ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ girama gíga (upper secondary education) tí kì í ṣe dandan. Àwọn ẹni 19, tàbí ìdá 7.3%, sì ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga sí i ní yunifásítì tàbí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ (Fachhochschule). Nínú àwọn ẹni 19 tí wọ́n parí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga yìí, 47.4% jẹ́ àwọn ọkùnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland, nígbà tí 15.8% jẹ́ àwọn obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland.<ref name=STAT2000/> Títí di ọdún 2000, àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ mẹ́tàlá (13) láti Albinen máa ń lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ tó wà lẹ́yìn ààlà ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ náà..<ref name=commuter/> == Ìtàn == A kọ́kọ́ mẹ́nu kàn Albinen ní ọdún 1224 pẹ̀lú orúkọ Albignun. Lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n tún mọ̀ ọ́ sí Albinnon, tàbí pẹ̀lú orúkọ Faranse rẹ̀, Arbignon. == Ewéko àti Ẹranko == Àwọn ewéko tó ń hù ní Albinen yàtọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí gíga ilẹ̀ ṣe yàtọ̀. Ní àwọn agbègbè tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀, igbó àti pápá koríko ló pọ̀ jù. Bí a ṣe ń gòkè sí ibi tó ga, ilẹ̀ náà di pápá koríko orí òkè, àpáta àti gẹ̀rẹ́gẹ̀rẹ́ òkè. Oríṣìíríṣìí òdòdó igbó máa ń hù níbẹ̀, ní pàtàkì ní àsìkò orísun omi àti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbà ooru, nígbà tí ọ̀pọ̀ wọn bá ń yọ̀. Ní ìgbà ẹ̀rùn, ewé igi larch máa ń yí padà sí àwọ̀ ofeefee, àwọn igbó kéékèèké sì máa ń hàn pẹ̀lú oríṣìíríṣìí àwọ̀ pupa, osàn àti ofeefee. Albinen jẹ́ ibùgbé fún ọ̀pọ̀ irú ẹyẹ, pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹranko igbó bíi àgbọ̀nrín (deer), chamois, kọ̀lọ̀kọ̀lọ̀ (fox), lynx, àti steinbock (ewúrẹ́ igbó Alps). == Ààmì ìdílé == Àpejúwe osìṣẹ́ (blazon) ti ààmì ìdílé ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ náà ni: Lórí àyè funfun (argent), àgbélébùú Látìn dúdú (Latin cross sable) ń yọ láti inú àwọn òkè kéékèèké aláwọ̀ ewé (coupeaux vert). ==Old town== [[File:ETH-BIB-Albinen-LBS H1-019064.tif|thumb|Historic aerial photograph by Werner Friedli from 1955]] Albinen is famous for being one of the best-preserved traditional Swiss mountain villages. Narrow stone alleys run between old larch houses. Many of these homes and sheds are several hundred years old and demonstrate impressively the craft of former generations. After an earthquake has damaged the old church of Albinen, the church has been replaced by a relatively modern building. The church building is one of the landmarks of Albinen and it matches well the architecture of the old town. == Itokasi == fb78xm4eoww1scjtdeew2wdsdvl0dhq 624926 624925 2026-07-02T08:13:29Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Albinen | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Albinen.jpg | image_caption = Albinen village | imagepath_coa = CHE Albinen COA alt.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Albinen Flag.svg | canton = Valais | iso-code-region = CH-VS | district = [[Leuk (district)|Leuk]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|20|N|7|38|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3955 | municipality_code = 6102 | area = 15.5 | elevation = 1300|elevation_description= | population = 266|populationof = December 2002 | popofyear = 2002 | website = albinen.ch | mayor = Bernhard Grand |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Guttet-Feschel]], [[Inden, Switzerland|Inden]], [[Leuk]], [[Leukerbad]] | twintowns = |}} '''Albinen''' jẹ́ ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè ìṣàkóso Leuk District, ní kantoni Valais, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. == Ẹ̀kọ́ == Ní Albinen, ẹni 80, tàbí ìdá 30.7% nínú àwọn olùgbé, ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ girama gíga (upper secondary education) tí kì í ṣe dandan. Àwọn ẹni 19, tàbí ìdá 7.3%, sì ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga sí i ní yunifásítì tàbí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ (Fachhochschule). Nínú àwọn ẹni 19 tí wọ́n parí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga yìí, 47.4% jẹ́ àwọn ọkùnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland, nígbà tí 15.8% jẹ́ àwọn obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland.<ref name=STAT2000/> Títí di ọdún 2000, àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ mẹ́tàlá (13) láti Albinen máa ń lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ tó wà lẹ́yìn ààlà ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ náà..<ref name=commuter/> == Ìtàn == A kọ́kọ́ mẹ́nu kàn Albinen ní ọdún 1224 pẹ̀lú orúkọ Albignun. Lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n tún mọ̀ ọ́ sí Albinnon, tàbí pẹ̀lú orúkọ Faranse rẹ̀, Arbignon. == Ewéko àti Ẹranko == Àwọn ewéko tó ń hù ní Albinen yàtọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí gíga ilẹ̀ ṣe yàtọ̀. Ní àwọn agbègbè tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀, igbó àti pápá koríko ló pọ̀ jù. Bí a ṣe ń gòkè sí ibi tó ga, ilẹ̀ náà di pápá koríko orí òkè, àpáta àti gẹ̀rẹ́gẹ̀rẹ́ òkè. Oríṣìíríṣìí òdòdó igbó máa ń hù níbẹ̀, ní pàtàkì ní àsìkò orísun omi àti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbà ooru, nígbà tí ọ̀pọ̀ wọn bá ń yọ̀. Ní ìgbà ẹ̀rùn, ewé igi larch máa ń yí padà sí àwọ̀ ofeefee, àwọn igbó kéékèèké sì máa ń hàn pẹ̀lú oríṣìíríṣìí àwọ̀ pupa, osàn àti ofeefee. Albinen jẹ́ ibùgbé fún ọ̀pọ̀ irú ẹyẹ, pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹranko igbó bíi àgbọ̀nrín (deer), chamois, kọ̀lọ̀kọ̀lọ̀ (fox), lynx, àti steinbock (ewúrẹ́ igbó Alps). == Ààmì ìdílé == Àpejúwe osìṣẹ́ (blazon) ti ààmì ìdílé ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ náà ni: Lórí àyè funfun (argent), àgbélébùú Látìn dúdú (Latin cross sable) ń yọ láti inú àwọn òkè kéékèèké aláwọ̀ ewé (coupeaux vert). ==Old town== [[File:ETH-BIB-Albinen-LBS H1-019064.tif|thumb|Historic aerial photograph by Werner Friedli from 1955]] Albinen is famous for being one of the best-preserved traditional Swiss mountain villages. Narrow stone alleys run between old larch houses. Many of these homes and sheds are several hundred years old and demonstrate impressively the craft of former generations. After an earthquake has damaged the old church of Albinen, the church has been replaced by a relatively modern building. The church building is one of the landmarks of Albinen and it matches well the architecture of the old town. == Itokasi == 1n839vflme398n8b26elfw2jxjpr53g 624927 624926 2026-07-02T08:14:17Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Albinen | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Albinen.jpg | image_caption = Albinen village | imagepath_coa = CHE Albinen COA alt.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Albinen Flag.svg | canton = Valais | iso-code-region = CH-VS | district = [[Leuk (district)|Leuk]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|20|N|7|38|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3955 | municipality_code = 6102 | area = 15.5 | elevation = 1300|elevation_description= | population = 266|populationof = December 2002 | popofyear = 2002 | website = albinen.ch | mayor = Bernhard Grand |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Guttet-Feschel]], [[Inden, Switzerland|Inden]], [[Leuk]], [[Leukerbad]] | twintowns = |}} '''Albinen''' jẹ́ ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè ìṣàkóso Leuk District, ní kantoni Valais, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. == Ẹ̀kọ́ == Ní Albinen, ẹni 80, tàbí ìdá 30.7% nínú àwọn olùgbé, ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ girama gíga (upper secondary education) tí kì í ṣe dandan. Àwọn ẹni 19, tàbí ìdá 7.3%, sì ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga sí i ní yunifásítì tàbí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga iṣẹ́ ọwọ́ (Fachhochschule). Nínú àwọn ẹni 19 tí wọ́n parí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga yìí, 47.4% jẹ́ àwọn ọkùnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland, nígbà tí 15.8% jẹ́ àwọn obìnrin ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland.<ref name=STAT2000/> Títí di ọdún 2000, àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ mẹ́tàlá (13) láti Albinen máa ń lọ sí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ tó wà lẹ́yìn ààlà ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ náà..<ref name=commuter/> == Ìtàn == A kọ́kọ́ mẹ́nu kàn Albinen ní ọdún 1224 pẹ̀lú orúkọ Albignun. Lẹ́yìn náà, wọ́n tún mọ̀ ọ́ sí Albinnon, tàbí pẹ̀lú orúkọ Faranse rẹ̀, Arbignon. == Ewéko àti Ẹranko == Àwọn ewéko tó ń hù ní Albinen yàtọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí gíga ilẹ̀ ṣe yàtọ̀. Ní àwọn agbègbè tó wà ní ìsàlẹ̀, igbó àti pápá koríko ló pọ̀ jù. Bí a ṣe ń gòkè sí ibi tó ga, ilẹ̀ náà di pápá koríko orí òkè, àpáta àti gẹ̀rẹ́gẹ̀rẹ́ òkè. Oríṣìíríṣìí òdòdó igbó máa ń hù níbẹ̀, ní pàtàkì ní àsìkò orísun omi àti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ ìgbà ooru, nígbà tí ọ̀pọ̀ wọn bá ń yọ̀. Ní ìgbà ẹ̀rùn, ewé igi larch máa ń yí padà sí àwọ̀ ofeefee, àwọn igbó kéékèèké sì máa ń hàn pẹ̀lú oríṣìíríṣìí àwọ̀ pupa, osàn àti ofeefee. Albinen jẹ́ ibùgbé fún ọ̀pọ̀ irú ẹyẹ, pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹranko igbó bíi àgbọ̀nrín (deer), chamois, kọ̀lọ̀kọ̀lọ̀ (fox), lynx, àti steinbock (ewúrẹ́ igbó Alps). == Ààmì ìdílé == Àpejúwe osìṣẹ́ (blazon) ti ààmì ìdílé ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ náà ni: Lórí àyè funfun (argent), àgbélébùú Látìn dúdú (Latin cross sable) ń yọ láti inú àwọn òkè kéékèèké aláwọ̀ ewé (coupeaux vert). ==Old town== [[File:ETH-BIB-Albinen-LBS H1-019064.tif|thumb|Historic aerial photograph by Werner Friedli from 1955]] Albinen jẹ́ olókìkí gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn abúlé orí òkè ilẹ̀ Switzerland tí a ti dáàbò bo dáadáa jù lọ. Àwọn òpópónà kéékèèké tí a fi òkúta ṣe ń lọ láàárín àwọn ilé àtijọ́ tí a fi igi larch kọ́. Ọ̀pọ̀ nínú àwọn ilé àti ilé ìpamọ́ wọ̀nyí ti pé ọgọ́rọ̀ọ̀rún ọdún, wọ́n sì fi ọgbọ́n àti iṣẹ́ ọnà àwọn ìran àtijọ́ hàn gbangba. Lẹ́yìn tí ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ilẹ̀-rírì kan ba ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì àtijọ́ Albinen jẹ́, wọ́n kọ́ ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì tuntun tó ní àwòṣe ìgbàlódé dípò rẹ̀. Ilé ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì yìí jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára àwọn àmì ìdánimọ̀ Albinen, ó sì bá àwòṣe àwọn ilé àtijọ́ inú abúlé náà mu dáadáa. == Itokasi == qp2lmjoithzrw5xir0l9kqfbu8r4ptj 0 80796 624928 2026-07-02T08:17:14Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 Ṣ'èdá ojúewé pẹ̀lú "'''Albon''' is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *[[Alan Albon]] (1921–1989), British anarchist and publisher *[[Alex Albon]] (born 1996), Thai racing driver *[[Lee Albon]] (born 1959), Australian cricketer *[[Mark Albon]] (born 1969), British racing driver *[[Nigel Albon]], British racing driver *[[Teodora Albon]] (born 1977), Romanian football referee {{surname|Albon}}" 624928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Albon''' is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *[[Alan Albon]] (1921–1989), British anarchist and publisher *[[Alex Albon]] (born 1996), Thai racing driver *[[Lee Albon]] (born 1959), Australian cricketer *[[Mark Albon]] (born 1969), British racing driver *[[Nigel Albon]], British racing driver *[[Teodora Albon]] (born 1977), Romanian football referee {{surname|Albon}} qcl93fw54gjrc671tzluof1orhgguhy 624929 624928 2026-07-02T08:18:08Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624929 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Albon''' jẹ́ orúkọ ìdílé. Àwọn ènìyàn olókìkí tí wọ́n ní orúkọ ìdílé yìí ni: Alan Albon (1921–1989), alátakò ìjọba aláìlò-ipá àti akéde ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Alex Albon (bí ní 1996), awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand. Lee Albon (bí ní 1959), agbábọ́ọ̀lù kirikẹ́ẹ̀tì ọmọ ilẹ̀ Australia. Mark Albon (bí ní 1969), awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Nigel Albon, awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Teodora Albon (bí ní 1977), adájọ́ bọ́ọ̀lù ọmọ ilẹ̀ Romania. {{orúkọ ìdílé|Albon}} 0h7iwtiu9ba8g35n4w2j2rep4i704y6 0 80797 624930 2026-07-02T08:20:05Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 Ṣ'èdá ojúewé pẹ̀lú "{{short description|Thai and British racing driver (born 1996)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Use British English|date=February 2019}} {{redirect-distinguish|Albono|Abono|Albano|Albo|Bono}} {{Infobox person | name = Alex Albon | native_name = {{nobold|อเล็กซ์ อัลบอน}} | native_name_lang = th | image = Alex Albon (cropped).jpg | caption = Albon in 2024 | birth_name = Alex..." 624930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Thai and British racing driver (born 1996)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Use British English|date=February 2019}} {{redirect-distinguish|Albono|Abono|Albano|Albo|Bono}} {{Infobox person | name = Alex Albon | native_name = {{nobold|อเล็กซ์ อัลบอน}} | native_name_lang = th | image = Alex Albon (cropped).jpg | caption = Albon in 2024 | birth_name = Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|3|23|df=y}} | birth_place = [[London]], England<!-- Just the city and the country when it’s a major city, no overly specific areas such as “Westminster”. --> | parents = [[Nigel Albon]] (father) | relatives = [[Mark Albon]] (uncle) | partners = [[Muni "Lily" He]] (2019–present; engaged) | website = {{URL|https://www.alexalbon.com/}} | module = {{Infobox F1 driver|embed=yes | nationality = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|Thai]] <!-- Please leave the 2026 team in the infobox until at least 1 January 2027, per WP:F1 convention --> | 2026 Team = [[Williams Racing|Atlassian Williams]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] | car_number = 23 | races = {{F1stat|ALB|entries}} ({{F1stat|ALB|starts}} starts) | championships = 0 | wins = {{F1stat|ALB|wins}} | podiums = {{F1stat|ALB|podiums}} | points = {{F1stat|ALB|careerpoints}} | poles = {{F1stat|ALB|poles}} | fastest_laps = {{F1stat|ALB|fastestlaps}} | first_race = [[2019 Australian Grand Prix]] | first_win = | last_win = | last_race = {{latest F1GP}} | last_season = 2025 | last_position = 8th (73 pts) }} | module2 = {{Infobox racing driver|embed=yes | prev_series = {{plainlist| * [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] * [[FIA Formula 2]] * [[GP3 Series]] * [[FIA F3 European]] * [[Formula Renault NEC]] * [[Formula Renault Eurocup]] * [[Formula Renault 2.0 Alps]] }} | prev_series_years = {{plainlist| * [[2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|2021]] * {{F2|2017}}–{{F2|2018}} * [[2016 GP3 Series|2016]] * {{FIAF3|2015}} * [[2013 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2013]]–[[2014 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2014]] * [[2012 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2012]]–[[2014 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2014]] * [[2012 Formula Renault 2.0 Alps Series|2012]] }} | titles = | title_years = | awards = {{plainlist| * [[FIA Prize Giving Ceremony#Rookie of the Year|FIA Rookie of the Year]] * [[Autosport Awards#Rookie of the Year|Autosport Rookie of the Year]] }} | award_years = {{plainlist| * 2019 * 2019 }} }} }} '''Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha''' ({{langx|th|อเล็กซานเดอร์ อัลบอน อังศุสิงห์}};{{efn|Ansusinha ({{RTGS|Angsusing}}) is his maternal Thai surname, {{IPA|th|ʔāŋ.sùʔ.sǐŋ|pron}}.}} born 23 March 1996) is a Thai and British [[racing driver]] who competes [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|under the Thai flag]] in [[Formula One]] for [[Williams Racing|Williams]]. Born in [[City of Westminster|Westminster]] and raised in [[Suffolk]], Albon is the son of English racing driver [[Nigel Albon]] and his Thai wife, as well as the nephew of [[Mark Albon]]. After a successful [[karting]] career—culminating in his victories at the [[KF3|junior]] [[Karting World Cup|World Cup]] and [[Karting European Championship|European Championship]] in 2010—Albon graduated to [[junior formulae]]. Following three seasons in the [[Formula Renault Eurocup]] from [[2012 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2012]] to [[2014 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2014]], Albon progressed to the [[FIA Formula 3 European Championship]] in {{FIAF3|2015}}. He moved to the [[GP3 Series]] for [[2016 GP3 Series|2016]], finishing runner-up to [[Charles Leclerc]] in his rookie season with [[ART Grand Prix|ART]]. Graduating to [[FIA Formula 2]] in {{F2|2017}}, Albon finished third in the championship the [[2018 Formula 2 Championship|following season]] with [[DAMS]]. Previously a member of the [[Red Bull Junior Team]] from 2008 to 2012, Albon signed for [[Toro Rosso]] in {{F1|2019}}, making his Formula One debut at the {{F1GP|2019|Australian}}; after 12 races, he was promoted to parent team [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]], replacing [[Pierre Gasly]] to partner [[Max Verstappen]]. In {{F1|2020}}, he became the [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|first Thai driver]] to achieve a [[Podium#In motorsport|podium]] in Formula One at the {{F1GP|2020|Tuscan}}, which he repeated in [[2020 Bahrain Grand Prix|Bahrain]]. Replaced by [[Sergio Pérez]] in {{F1|2021}}, Albon continued as a [[reserve driver]] for Red Bull and the re-branded [[Scuderia AlphaTauri|AlphaTauri]], contesting [[2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] with [[AF Corse|Red Bull AF Corse]] alongside [[Liam Lawson]]. Albon signed for [[Williams Racing|Williams]] in {{F1|2022}} to replace [[George Russell (racing driver)|George Russell]], ending his association with Red Bull at the conclusion of his first season. He remained at Williams through the {{F1|2023}}, {{F1|2024}}, and {{F1|2025}} seasons, finishing eighth—the highest of the [[Glossary of motorsport terms#M|midfield]] drivers—in the latter. As of the {{Latest F1GP}}, Albon has achieved {{Numbertoword|{{F1stat|ALB|podiums}}}} podium finishes and {{Numbertoword|{{F1stat|ALB|fastestlaps}}}} fastest lap in Formula One. He is contracted to remain at Williams until at least the end of the 2027 season. bzfl86m5i9ef5mqe1oo6iwdk3kuih3s 624931 624930 2026-07-02T08:20:54Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Thai and British racing driver (born 1996)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Use British English|date=February 2019}} {{redirect-distinguish|Albono|Abono|Albano|Albo|Bono}} {{Infobox person | name = Alex Albon | native_name = {{nobold|อเล็กซ์ อัลบอน}} | native_name_lang = th | image = Alex Albon (cropped).jpg | caption = Albon in 2024 | birth_name = Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|3|23|df=y}} | birth_place = [[London]], England<!-- Just the city and the country when it’s a major city, no overly specific areas such as “Westminster”. --> | parents = [[Nigel Albon]] (father) | relatives = [[Mark Albon]] (uncle) | partners = [[Muni "Lily" He]] (2019–present; engaged) | website = {{URL|https://www.alexalbon.com/}} | module = {{Infobox F1 driver|embed=yes | nationality = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|Thai]] <!-- Please leave the 2026 team in the infobox until at least 1 January 2027, per WP:F1 convention --> | 2026 Team = [[Williams Racing|Atlassian Williams]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] | car_number = 23 | races = {{F1stat|ALB|entries}} ({{F1stat|ALB|starts}} starts) | championships = 0 | wins = {{F1stat|ALB|wins}} | podiums = {{F1stat|ALB|podiums}} | points = {{F1stat|ALB|careerpoints}} | poles = {{F1stat|ALB|poles}} | fastest_laps = {{F1stat|ALB|fastestlaps}} | first_race = [[2019 Australian Grand Prix]] | first_win = | last_win = | last_race = {{latest F1GP}} | last_season = 2025 | last_position = 8th (73 pts) }} | module2 = {{Infobox racing driver|embed=yes | prev_series = {{plainlist| * [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] * [[FIA Formula 2]] * [[GP3 Series]] * [[FIA F3 European]] * [[Formula Renault NEC]] * [[Formula Renault Eurocup]] * [[Formula Renault 2.0 Alps]] }} | prev_series_years = {{plainlist| * [[2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|2021]] * {{F2|2017}}–{{F2|2018}} * [[2016 GP3 Series|2016]] * {{FIAF3|2015}} * [[2013 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2013]]–[[2014 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2014]] * [[2012 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2012]]–[[2014 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2014]] * [[2012 Formula Renault 2.0 Alps Series|2012]] }} | titles = | title_years = | awards = {{plainlist| * [[FIA Prize Giving Ceremony#Rookie of the Year|FIA Rookie of the Year]] * [[Autosport Awards#Rookie of the Year|Autosport Rookie of the Year]] }} | award_years = {{plainlist| * 2019 * 2019 }} }} }} '''Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha''' ({{langx|th|อเล็กซานเดอร์ อัลบอน อังศุสิงห์}};{{efn|Ansusinha ({{RTGS|Angsusing}}) is his maternal Thai surname, {{IPA|th|ʔāŋ.sùʔ.sǐŋ|pron}}.}} born 23 March 1996) is a Thai and British [[racing driver]] who competes [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|under the Thai flag]] in [[Formula One]] for [[Williams Racing|Williams]]. Born in [[City of Westminster|Westminster]] and raised in [[Suffolk]], Albon is the son of English racing driver [[Nigel Albon]] and his Thai wife, as well as the nephew of [[Mark Albon]]. After a successful [[karting]] career—culminating in his victories at the [[KF3|junior]] [[Karting World Cup|World Cup]] and [[Karting European Championship|European Championship]] in 2010—Albon graduated to [[junior formulae]]. Following three seasons in the [[Formula Renault Eurocup]] from [[2012 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2012]] to [[2014 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2014]], Albon progressed to the [[FIA Formula 3 European Championship]] in {{FIAF3|2015}}. He moved to the [[GP3 Series]] for [[2016 GP3 Series|2016]], finishing runner-up to [[Charles Leclerc]] in his rookie season with [[ART Grand Prix|ART]]. Graduating to [[FIA Formula 2]] in {{F2|2017}}, Albon finished third in the championship the [[2018 Formula 2 Championship|following season]] with [[DAMS]]. Previously a member of the [[Red Bull Junior Team]] from 2008 to 2012, Albon signed for [[Toro Rosso]] in {{F1|2019}}, making his Formula One debut at the {{F1GP|2019|Australian}}; after 12 races, he was promoted to parent team [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]], replacing [[Pierre Gasly]] to partner [[Max Verstappen]]. In {{F1|2020}}, he became the [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|first Thai driver]] to achieve a [[Podium#In motorsport|podium]] in Formula One at the {{F1GP|2020|Tuscan}}, which he repeated in [[2020 Bahrain Grand Prix|Bahrain]]. Replaced by [[Sergio Pérez]] in {{F1|2021}}, Albon continued as a [[reserve driver]] for Red Bull and the re-branded [[Scuderia AlphaTauri|AlphaTauri]], contesting [[2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] with [[AF Corse|Red Bull AF Corse]] alongside [[Liam Lawson]]. Albon signed for [[Williams Racing|Williams]] in {{F1|2022}} to replace [[George Russell (racing driver)|George Russell]], ending his association with Red Bull at the conclusion of his first season. He remained at Williams through the {{F1|2023}}, {{F1|2024}}, and {{F1|2025}} seasons, finishing eighth—the highest of the [[Glossary of motorsport terms#M|midfield]] drivers—in the latter. As of the {{Latest F1GP}}, Albon has achieved {{Numbertoword|{{F1stat|ALB|podiums}}}} podium finishes and {{Numbertoword|{{F1stat|ALB|fastestlaps}}}} fastest lap in Formula One. He is contracted to remain at Williams until at least the end of the 2027 season. ==itokasi== ggqla4bjigx05p5jkbgq8fu2wg3hanf 624932 624931 2026-07-02T08:22:03Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Thai and British racing driver (born 1996)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Use British English|date=February 2019}} {{redirect-distinguish|Albono|Abono|Albano|Albo|Bono}} {{Infobox person | name = Alex Albon | native_name = {{nobold|อเล็กซ์ อัลบอน}} | native_name_lang = th | image = Alex Albon (cropped).jpg | caption = Albon in 2024 | birth_name = Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|3|23|df=y}} | birth_place = [[London]], England<!-- Just the city and the country when it’s a major city, no overly specific areas such as “Westminster”. --> | parents = [[Nigel Albon]] (father) | relatives = [[Mark Albon]] (uncle) | partners = [[Muni "Lily" He]] (2019–present; engaged) | website = {{URL|https://www.alexalbon.com/}} | module = {{Infobox F1 driver|embed=yes | nationality = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|Thai]] <!-- Please leave the 2026 team in the infobox until at least 1 January 2027, per WP:F1 convention --> | 2026 Team = [[Williams Racing|Atlassian Williams]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] | car_number = 23 | races = {{F1stat|ALB|entries}} ({{F1stat|ALB|starts}} starts) | championships = 0 | wins = {{F1stat|ALB|wins}} | podiums = {{F1stat|ALB|podiums}} | points = {{F1stat|ALB|careerpoints}} | poles = {{F1stat|ALB|poles}} | fastest_laps = {{F1stat|ALB|fastestlaps}} | first_race = [[2019 Australian Grand Prix]] | first_win = | last_win = | last_race = {{latest F1GP}} | last_season = 2025 | last_position = 8th (73 pts) }} | module2 = {{Infobox racing driver|embed=yes | prev_series = {{plainlist| * [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] * [[FIA Formula 2]] * [[GP3 Series]] * [[FIA F3 European]] * [[Formula Renault NEC]] * [[Formula Renault Eurocup]] * [[Formula Renault 2.0 Alps]] }} | prev_series_years = {{plainlist| * [[2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|2021]] * {{F2|2017}}–{{F2|2018}} * [[2016 GP3 Series|2016]] * {{FIAF3|2015}} * [[2013 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2013]]–[[2014 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2014]] * [[2012 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2012]]–[[2014 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2014]] * [[2012 Formula Renault 2.0 Alps Series|2012]] }} | titles = | title_years = | awards = {{plainlist| * [[FIA Prize Giving Ceremony#Rookie of the Year|FIA Rookie of the Year]] * [[Autosport Awards#Rookie of the Year|Autosport Rookie of the Year]] }} | award_years = {{plainlist| * 2019 * 2019 }} }} }} '''Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha''' (àbí Alex Albon; bí ní ọjọ́ 23 oṣù Kẹta, ọdún 1996) jẹ́ awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Ó ń dije lábẹ́ àsíá orílẹ̀-èdè Thailand nínú Formula One fún ẹgbẹ́ Williams Racing. Born in [[City of Westminster|Westminster]] and raised in [[Suffolk]], Albon is the son of English racing driver [[Nigel Albon]] and his Thai wife, as well as the nephew of [[Mark Albon]]. After a successful [[karting]] career—culminating in his victories at the [[KF3|junior]] [[Karting World Cup|World Cup]] and [[Karting European Championship|European Championship]] in 2010—Albon graduated to [[junior formulae]]. Following three seasons in the [[Formula Renault Eurocup]] from [[2012 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2012]] to [[2014 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2014]], Albon progressed to the [[FIA Formula 3 European Championship]] in {{FIAF3|2015}}. He moved to the [[GP3 Series]] for [[2016 GP3 Series|2016]], finishing runner-up to [[Charles Leclerc]] in his rookie season with [[ART Grand Prix|ART]]. Graduating to [[FIA Formula 2]] in {{F2|2017}}, Albon finished third in the championship the [[2018 Formula 2 Championship|following season]] with [[DAMS]]. Previously a member of the [[Red Bull Junior Team]] from 2008 to 2012, Albon signed for [[Toro Rosso]] in {{F1|2019}}, making his Formula One debut at the {{F1GP|2019|Australian}}; after 12 races, he was promoted to parent team [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]], replacing [[Pierre Gasly]] to partner [[Max Verstappen]]. In {{F1|2020}}, he became the [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|first Thai driver]] to achieve a [[Podium#In motorsport|podium]] in Formula One at the {{F1GP|2020|Tuscan}}, which he repeated in [[2020 Bahrain Grand Prix|Bahrain]]. Replaced by [[Sergio Pérez]] in {{F1|2021}}, Albon continued as a [[reserve driver]] for Red Bull and the re-branded [[Scuderia AlphaTauri|AlphaTauri]], contesting [[2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] with [[AF Corse|Red Bull AF Corse]] alongside [[Liam Lawson]]. Albon signed for [[Williams Racing|Williams]] in {{F1|2022}} to replace [[George Russell (racing driver)|George Russell]], ending his association with Red Bull at the conclusion of his first season. He remained at Williams through the {{F1|2023}}, {{F1|2024}}, and {{F1|2025}} seasons, finishing eighth—the highest of the [[Glossary of motorsport terms#M|midfield]] drivers—in the latter. As of the {{Latest F1GP}}, Albon has achieved {{Numbertoword|{{F1stat|ALB|podiums}}}} podium finishes and {{Numbertoword|{{F1stat|ALB|fastestlaps}}}} fastest lap in Formula One. He is contracted to remain at Williams until at least the end of the 2027 season. ==itokasi== njhn48don88d7fud9nbit2ruysn58v9 624933 624932 2026-07-02T08:22:37Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Thai and British racing driver (born 1996)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Use British English|date=February 2019}} {{redirect-distinguish|Albono|Abono|Albano|Albo|Bono}} {{Infobox person | name = Alex Albon | native_name = {{nobold|อเล็กซ์ อัลบอน}} | native_name_lang = th | image = Alex Albon (cropped).jpg | caption = Albon in 2024 | birth_name = Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|3|23|df=y}} | birth_place = [[London]], England<!-- Just the city and the country when it’s a major city, no overly specific areas such as “Westminster”. --> | parents = [[Nigel Albon]] (father) | relatives = [[Mark Albon]] (uncle) | partners = [[Muni "Lily" He]] (2019–present; engaged) | website = {{URL|https://www.alexalbon.com/}} | module = {{Infobox F1 driver|embed=yes | nationality = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|Thai]] <!-- Please leave the 2026 team in the infobox until at least 1 January 2027, per WP:F1 convention --> | 2026 Team = [[Williams Racing|Atlassian Williams]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] | car_number = 23 | races = {{F1stat|ALB|entries}} ({{F1stat|ALB|starts}} starts) | championships = 0 | wins = {{F1stat|ALB|wins}} | podiums = {{F1stat|ALB|podiums}} | points = {{F1stat|ALB|careerpoints}} | poles = {{F1stat|ALB|poles}} | fastest_laps = {{F1stat|ALB|fastestlaps}} | first_race = [[2019 Australian Grand Prix]] | first_win = | last_win = | last_race = {{latest F1GP}} | last_season = 2025 | last_position = 8th (73 pts) }} | module2 = {{Infobox racing driver|embed=yes | prev_series = {{plainlist| * [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] * [[FIA Formula 2]] * [[GP3 Series]] * [[FIA F3 European]] * [[Formula Renault NEC]] * [[Formula Renault Eurocup]] * [[Formula Renault 2.0 Alps]] }} | prev_series_years = {{plainlist| * [[2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|2021]] * {{F2|2017}}–{{F2|2018}} * [[2016 GP3 Series|2016]] * {{FIAF3|2015}} * [[2013 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2013]]–[[2014 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2014]] * [[2012 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2012]]–[[2014 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2014]] * [[2012 Formula Renault 2.0 Alps Series|2012]] }} | titles = | title_years = | awards = {{plainlist| * [[FIA Prize Giving Ceremony#Rookie of the Year|FIA Rookie of the Year]] * [[Autosport Awards#Rookie of the Year|Autosport Rookie of the Year]] }} | award_years = {{plainlist| * 2019 * 2019 }} }} }} '''Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha''' (àbí Alex Albon; bí ní ọjọ́ 23 oṣù Kẹta, ọdún 1996) jẹ́ awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Ó ń dije lábẹ́ àsíá orílẹ̀-èdè Thailand nínú Formula One fún ẹgbẹ́ Williams Racing. A bí Albon ní Westminster, ó sì dàgbà ní Suffolk. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Nigel Albon, awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, àti aya rẹ̀ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand. Ó tún jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀gbọ́n Mark Albon. Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ aṣeyọrí rẹ̀ nínú eré ìje karting—níbi tí ó ti gba akọ́lé World Cup àti European Championship fún àwọn ọdọ ní ọdún 2010—Albon gbé sí ìpele àwọn eré ìje junior formulae. Ó dije nínú Formula Renault Eurocup láti ọdún 2012 sí 2014, lẹ́yìn náà ó darapọ̀ mọ́ FIA Formula 3 European Championship. Ní ọdún 2016, ó lọ sí GP3 Series, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì lẹ́yìn Charles Leclerc ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ ART. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó gòkè sí FIA Formula 2, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹta nínú ìdíje aṣáájú-ọnà pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ DAMS ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Previously a member of the [[Red Bull Junior Team]] from 2008 to 2012, Albon signed for [[Toro Rosso]] in {{F1|2019}}, making his Formula One debut at the {{F1GP|2019|Australian}}; after 12 races, he was promoted to parent team [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]], replacing [[Pierre Gasly]] to partner [[Max Verstappen]]. In {{F1|2020}}, he became the [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|first Thai driver]] to achieve a [[Podium#In motorsport|podium]] in Formula One at the {{F1GP|2020|Tuscan}}, which he repeated in [[2020 Bahrain Grand Prix|Bahrain]]. Replaced by [[Sergio Pérez]] in {{F1|2021}}, Albon continued as a [[reserve driver]] for Red Bull and the re-branded [[Scuderia AlphaTauri|AlphaTauri]], contesting [[2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] with [[AF Corse|Red Bull AF Corse]] alongside [[Liam Lawson]]. Albon signed for [[Williams Racing|Williams]] in {{F1|2022}} to replace [[George Russell (racing driver)|George Russell]], ending his association with Red Bull at the conclusion of his first season. He remained at Williams through the {{F1|2023}}, {{F1|2024}}, and {{F1|2025}} seasons, finishing eighth—the highest of the [[Glossary of motorsport terms#M|midfield]] drivers—in the latter. As of the {{Latest F1GP}}, Albon has achieved {{Numbertoword|{{F1stat|ALB|podiums}}}} podium finishes and {{Numbertoword|{{F1stat|ALB|fastestlaps}}}} fastest lap in Formula One. He is contracted to remain at Williams until at least the end of the 2027 season. ==itokasi== m9wae2rhkhrsqkneu3umwsae05yfm8d 624934 624933 2026-07-02T08:23:40Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Thai and British racing driver (born 1996)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Use British English|date=February 2019}} {{redirect-distinguish|Albono|Abono|Albano|Albo|Bono}} {{Infobox person | name = Alex Albon | native_name = {{nobold|อเล็กซ์ อัลบอน}} | native_name_lang = th | image = Alex Albon (cropped).jpg | caption = Albon in 2024 | birth_name = Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|3|23|df=y}} | birth_place = [[London]], England<!-- Just the city and the country when it’s a major city, no overly specific areas such as “Westminster”. --> | parents = [[Nigel Albon]] (father) | relatives = [[Mark Albon]] (uncle) | partners = [[Muni "Lily" He]] (2019–present; engaged) | website = {{URL|https://www.alexalbon.com/}} | module = {{Infobox F1 driver|embed=yes | nationality = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|Thai]] <!-- Please leave the 2026 team in the infobox until at least 1 January 2027, per WP:F1 convention --> | 2026 Team = [[Williams Racing|Atlassian Williams]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] | car_number = 23 | races = {{F1stat|ALB|entries}} ({{F1stat|ALB|starts}} starts) | championships = 0 | wins = {{F1stat|ALB|wins}} | podiums = {{F1stat|ALB|podiums}} | points = {{F1stat|ALB|careerpoints}} | poles = {{F1stat|ALB|poles}} | fastest_laps = {{F1stat|ALB|fastestlaps}} | first_race = [[2019 Australian Grand Prix]] | first_win = | last_win = | last_race = {{latest F1GP}} | last_season = 2025 | last_position = 8th (73 pts) }} | module2 = {{Infobox racing driver|embed=yes | prev_series = {{plainlist| * [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] * [[FIA Formula 2]] * [[GP3 Series]] * [[FIA F3 European]] * [[Formula Renault NEC]] * [[Formula Renault Eurocup]] * [[Formula Renault 2.0 Alps]] }} | prev_series_years = {{plainlist| * [[2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|2021]] * {{F2|2017}}–{{F2|2018}} * [[2016 GP3 Series|2016]] * {{FIAF3|2015}} * [[2013 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2013]]–[[2014 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2014]] * [[2012 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2012]]–[[2014 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2014]] * [[2012 Formula Renault 2.0 Alps Series|2012]] }} | titles = | title_years = | awards = {{plainlist| * [[FIA Prize Giving Ceremony#Rookie of the Year|FIA Rookie of the Year]] * [[Autosport Awards#Rookie of the Year|Autosport Rookie of the Year]] }} | award_years = {{plainlist| * 2019 * 2019 }} }} }} '''Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha''' (àbí Alex Albon; bí ní ọjọ́ 23 oṣù Kẹta, ọdún 1996) jẹ́ awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Ó ń dije lábẹ́ àsíá orílẹ̀-èdè Thailand nínú Formula One fún ẹgbẹ́ Williams Racing. A bí Albon ní Westminster, ó sì dàgbà ní Suffolk. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Nigel Albon, awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, àti aya rẹ̀ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand. Ó tún jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀gbọ́n Mark Albon. Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ aṣeyọrí rẹ̀ nínú eré ìje karting—níbi tí ó ti gba akọ́lé World Cup àti European Championship fún àwọn ọdọ ní ọdún 2010—Albon gbé sí ìpele àwọn eré ìje junior formulae. Ó dije nínú Formula Renault Eurocup láti ọdún 2012 sí 2014, lẹ́yìn náà ó darapọ̀ mọ́ FIA Formula 3 European Championship. Ní ọdún 2016, ó lọ sí GP3 Series, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì lẹ́yìn Charles Leclerc ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ ART. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó gòkè sí FIA Formula 2, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹta nínú ìdíje aṣáájú-ọnà pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ DAMS ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Albon jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull Junior Team láti ọdún 2008 sí 2012. Ní ọdún 2019, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn pẹ̀lú Scuderia Toro Rosso, ó sì ṣe ìfarahàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú Formula One. Lẹ́yìn eré ìje méjìlá, wọ́n gbé e sókè sí ẹgbẹ́ àgbà, Red Bull Racing, láti rọ́pò Pierre Gasly kí ó lè jẹ́ alábàákẹ́gbẹ́ Max Verstappen. Ní ọdún 2020, ó di awakọ̀ àkọ́kọ́ láti Thailand tó dé ipò mẹ́ta àkọ́kọ́ (podium) nínú Formula One. Ó tún ṣe àṣeyọrí yìí lẹ́ẹ̀kejì ní eré ìje Bahrain Grand Prix. Ní ọdún 2021, Sergio Pérez rọ́pò rẹ̀ ní Red Bull. Albon sì di awakọ̀ ìpamọ́ (reserve driver) fún Red Bull àti Scuderia AlphaTauri. Ní ọdún náà, ó tún dije nínú DTM pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull AF Corse lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ Liam Lawson. Ní ọdún 2022, Albon darapọ̀ mọ́ Williams Racing láti rọ́pò George Russell, èyí sì parí ìbáṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Red Bull ní òpin àkókò eré náà. Ó bá a lọ pẹ̀lú Williams ní àwọn àkókò eré 2023, 2024 àti 2025, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹjọ, èyí tó ga jù lọ láàárín àwọn awakọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ àárín (midfield). Títí di eré ìje Formula One tó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ parí jù lọ, Albon ti gba ipò podium lẹ́ẹ̀mejì, ó sì ti ṣe ìyípo tó yára jù (fastest lap) lẹ́ẹ̀kan. Ó ní àdéhùn láti bá Williams ṣiṣẹ́ títí di ìparí àkókò eré 2027 ní ó kéré tán. ==itokasi== bxoxd4dygjf2sw8gc667eqsovgp0262 624935 624934 2026-07-02T08:25:43Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Thai and British racing driver (born 1996)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Use British English|date=February 2019}} {{redirect-distinguish|Albono|Abono|Albano|Albo|Bono}} {{Infobox person | name = Alex Albon | native_name = {{nobold|อเล็กซ์ อัลบอน}} | native_name_lang = th | image = Alex Albon (cropped).jpg | caption = Albon in 2024 | birth_name = Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|3|23|df=y}} | birth_place = [[London]], England<!-- Just the city and the country when it’s a major city, no overly specific areas such as “Westminster”. --> | parents = [[Nigel Albon]] (father) | relatives = [[Mark Albon]] (uncle) | partners = [[Muni "Lily" He]] (2019–present; engaged) | website = {{URL|https://www.alexalbon.com/}} | module = {{Infobox F1 driver|embed=yes | nationality = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|Thai]] <!-- Please leave the 2026 team in the infobox until at least 1 January 2027, per WP:F1 convention --> | 2026 Team = [[Williams Racing|Atlassian Williams]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] | car_number = 23 | races = {{F1stat|ALB|entries}} ({{F1stat|ALB|starts}} starts) | championships = 0 | wins = {{F1stat|ALB|wins}} | podiums = {{F1stat|ALB|podiums}} | points = {{F1stat|ALB|careerpoints}} | poles = {{F1stat|ALB|poles}} | fastest_laps = {{F1stat|ALB|fastestlaps}} | first_race = [[2019 Australian Grand Prix]] | first_win = | last_win = | last_race = {{latest F1GP}} | last_season = 2025 | last_position = 8th (73 pts) }} | module2 = {{Infobox racing driver|embed=yes | prev_series = {{plainlist| * [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] * [[FIA Formula 2]] * [[GP3 Series]] * [[FIA F3 European]] * [[Formula Renault NEC]] * [[Formula Renault Eurocup]] * [[Formula Renault 2.0 Alps]] }} | prev_series_years = {{plainlist| * [[2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|2021]] * {{F2|2017}}–{{F2|2018}} * [[2016 GP3 Series|2016]] * {{FIAF3|2015}} * [[2013 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2013]]–[[2014 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2014]] * [[2012 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2012]]–[[2014 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2014]] * [[2012 Formula Renault 2.0 Alps Series|2012]] }} | titles = | title_years = | awards = {{plainlist| * [[FIA Prize Giving Ceremony#Rookie of the Year|FIA Rookie of the Year]] * [[Autosport Awards#Rookie of the Year|Autosport Rookie of the Year]] }} | award_years = {{plainlist| * 2019 * 2019 }} }} }} '''Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha''' (àbí Alex Albon; bí ní ọjọ́ 23 oṣù Kẹta, ọdún 1996) jẹ́ awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Ó ń dije lábẹ́ àsíá orílẹ̀-èdè Thailand nínú Formula One fún ẹgbẹ́ Williams Racing. A bí Albon ní Westminster, ó sì dàgbà ní Suffolk. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Nigel Albon, awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, àti aya rẹ̀ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand. Ó tún jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀gbọ́n Mark Albon. Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ aṣeyọrí rẹ̀ nínú eré ìje karting—níbi tí ó ti gba akọ́lé World Cup àti European Championship fún àwọn ọdọ ní ọdún 2010—Albon gbé sí ìpele àwọn eré ìje junior formulae. Ó dije nínú Formula Renault Eurocup láti ọdún 2012 sí 2014, lẹ́yìn náà ó darapọ̀ mọ́ FIA Formula 3 European Championship. Ní ọdún 2016, ó lọ sí GP3 Series, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì lẹ́yìn Charles Leclerc ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ ART. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó gòkè sí FIA Formula 2, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹta nínú ìdíje aṣáájú-ọnà pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ DAMS ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Albon jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull Junior Team láti ọdún 2008 sí 2012. Ní ọdún 2019, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn pẹ̀lú Scuderia Toro Rosso, ó sì ṣe ìfarahàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú Formula One. Lẹ́yìn eré ìje méjìlá, wọ́n gbé e sókè sí ẹgbẹ́ àgbà, Red Bull Racing, láti rọ́pò Pierre Gasly kí ó lè jẹ́ alábàákẹ́gbẹ́ Max Verstappen. Ní ọdún 2020, ó di awakọ̀ àkọ́kọ́ láti Thailand tó dé ipò mẹ́ta àkọ́kọ́ (podium) nínú Formula One. Ó tún ṣe àṣeyọrí yìí lẹ́ẹ̀kejì ní eré ìje Bahrain Grand Prix. Ní ọdún 2021, Sergio Pérez rọ́pò rẹ̀ ní Red Bull. Albon sì di awakọ̀ ìpamọ́ (reserve driver) fún Red Bull àti Scuderia AlphaTauri. Ní ọdún náà, ó tún dije nínú DTM pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull AF Corse lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ Liam Lawson. Ní ọdún 2022, Albon darapọ̀ mọ́ Williams Racing láti rọ́pò George Russell, èyí sì parí ìbáṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Red Bull ní òpin àkókò eré náà. Ó bá a lọ pẹ̀lú Williams ní àwọn àkókò eré 2023, 2024 àti 2025, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹjọ, èyí tó ga jù lọ láàárín àwọn awakọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ àárín (midfield). Títí di eré ìje Formula One tó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ parí jù lọ, Albon ti gba ipò podium lẹ́ẹ̀mejì, ó sì ti ṣe ìyípo tó yára jù (fastest lap) lẹ́ẹ̀kan. Ó ní àdéhùn láti bá Williams ṣiṣẹ́ títí di ìparí àkókò eré 2027 ní ó kéré tán. albon/stats/series/formula-one/bestGridPosition|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite staying on [[Racing slicks|slick tyres]] during a rain shower in the early laps and dropping to fifteenth place, he recovered to finish eighth.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.racefans.net/2023/08/28/williams-on-par-with-ferrari-and-aston-martin-at-zandvoort-albon/|title=Williams "on par with Ferrari and Aston Martin" at Zandvoort – Albon|website=racefans.net|first1=Ida|last1=Wood|first2=Claire|last2=Cottingham|date=28 August 2023|accessdate=28 August 2023|archive-date=28 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828223548/https://www.racefans.net/2023/08/28/williams-on-par-with-ferrari-and-aston-martin-at-zandvoort-albon/|url-status=live}}</ref> He scored points again at the {{F1 GP|2023|Italian}} where he qualified sixth and defended against [[Lando Norris]] to finish seventh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.im-sure-lando-didnt-enjoy-it-albon-reflects-on-more-hard-earned-points-after.5zZY1I3uG0EBkRNe586Hmb.html|title='I'm sure Lando didn't enjoy it!' – Albon reflects on more hard-earned points after pipping Norris to P7 at Monza|website=Formula 1|date=4 September 2023|accessdate=5 September 2023|archive-date=5 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905210034/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.im-sure-lando-didnt-enjoy-it-albon-reflects-on-more-hard-earned-points-after.5zZY1I3uG0EBkRNe586Hmb.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Alex Albon.jpg|thumb|Albon speaking to the media at the launch event for the [[Williams FW46]] at the Puma Flagship Store in [[New York City]]]] Albon started seventeenth for the {{F1 GP|2023|Qatar}} sprint and gained ten places to score points in seventh place. He received two penalties for track limits infringements and failed to score in the main race. More points came at the [[2023 United States Grand Prix|United States]] and [[2023 Mexico City Grand Prix|Mexico City]] Grands Prix; he finished ninth in both races having started outside the top ten. He was then eliminated in a first-corner collision with Kevin Magnussen at the {{F1 GP|2023|São Paulo}}, having started thirteenth. Albon and teammate Sargeant started fifth and sixth respectively for the {{F1 GP|2023|Las Vegas}}, but both failed to score in the race (with Albon finishing 12th), due to the timing of safety car going against them.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.racefans.net/2023/11/19/albons-las-vegas-grand-prix-an-endless-cycle-of-pain/ | title=Albon's Las Vegas Grand Prix "an endless cycle of pain" | date=19 November 2023 }}</ref> Albon ended the season thirteenth in the Drivers' Championship. He scored 27 points to Sargeant's one point, securing Williams seventh place in the Constructors' Championship. ==== 2024: Setbacks at Williams ==== [[File:Alex Albon 2024 Chinese GP.jpg|thumb|left|Albon at the [[2024 Chinese Grand Prix]]]] Albon continued at Williams alongside Sargeant for {{F1|2024}}. He qualified and finished outside the top ten at the season-opening {{F1 GP|2024|Bahrain}}, with the team stating that both drivers were dealing with engine overheating issues during the race.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.williamsf1.com/posts/a0f3866e-deed-4210-a73c-729a9475726f/report-bahrain-2024-race|title=REPORT: Issues hamper progress at season opener|website=Williams Racing|date=2 March 2024|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> He and Kevin Magnussen collided at the {{F1 GP|2024|Saudi Arabian}} and Albon went on to finish eleventh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-frustrated-not-to-score-points-after-tough-race-in-saudi-arabia-amid.5ZbpANDy4Z4JTWaaqeTdtY|title=Albon frustrated not to score points after 'tough' race in Saudi Arabia amid clash with Magnussen|website=Formula 1|date=14 March 2024|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> Albon crashed in the first practice session at the {{F1 GP|2024|Australian}} and Williams were unable to repair his car, nor did they have a spare chassis. Team principal [[James Vowles]] described the situation as "a reflection of how behind we were in the winter period".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.williamsf1.com/posts/bc29d1d1-8148-41e5-8c6e-59d452682be6/australian-grand-prix-update|title=Australian Grand Prix Update|website=Williams Racing|date=22 March 2024|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> The team decided to withdraw Sargeant from the event and allow Albon to use the one remaining car. He finished the race eleventh. He qualified fourteenth for the {{F1 GP|2024|Japanese}} but was eliminated in a first-lap crash with Daniel Ricciardo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.crash.net/f1/news/1046572/1/alex-albon-details-williams-woe-after-daniel-ricciardo-crash-f1-japanese-gp|title=Alex Albon details Williams woe after Daniel Ricciardo crash at F1 Japanese GP|website=crash.net|first=James|last=Dielhenn|date=7 April 2024|accessdate=8 April 2024}}</ref> On 15 May, Williams confirmed that Albon has signed a multi-year extension to stay with the team.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.williamsf1.com/posts/85039339-fe5d-4734-ad05-eab805ef651a/alex-albon-here-to-stay|title=Alex Albon commits future to Williams Racing|date=15 May 2024|access-date=15 May 2024|work=[[Williams Grand Prix Engineering|Williams Racing]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515093456/https://www.williamsf1.com/posts/85039339-fe5d-4734-ad05-eab805ef651a/alex-albon-here-to-stay|archive-date=15 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Albon did not score points in the next three races which included him retiring in [[2024 Emilia Romagna Grand Prix|Imola]] due to issues putting the tyre on at his pit stop taking him out of the points battle.<ref name="race report">{{cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/verstappen-holds-off-thrilling-late-charge-from-norris-to-win-emilia-romagna.2CgBWm3GodjE3QIYIMWL0x |title=Verstappen holds off thrilling late charge from Norris to win Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix |date=20 May 2024 |website=Formula 1}}</ref> Looking to bounce back Albon qualified ninth at the [[2024 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]]. He then kept hold of his position to finish in 9th place which marked his and Williams first points of the season.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 May 2024 |title=Leclerc clinches long-awaited home win in Monaco ahead of Piastri and Sainz after early drama |website=Formula 1|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/leclerc-clinches-long-awaited-home-win-in-monaco-ahead-of-piastri-and-sainz.4EmeQeb2P27aS8yGIVMOEO|access-date=26 May 2024}}</ref> Albon then qualified 10th for the [[2024 Canadian Grand Prix|Canadian Grand Prix]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1237/canada/qualifying.html |title=Formula 1 AWS Grand Prix du Canada 2024 - Qualifying |website=Formula 1 |access-date=15 July 2024}}</ref> but retired from the race whilst running in the points on lap 52 after Carlos Sainz spun into him sending him into the wall.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/passenger-albon-left-frustrated-by-sainz-crash-on-day-points-were-possible.4pRPhr0hqtrrmkiZd7oyW4 |title='Passenger' Albon left frustrated by Sainz crash on day points were possible, as Sargeant rues 'too many mistakes' |date=10 June 2024 |website=Formula 1 |access-date=15 July 2024}}</ref> After finishing out of the points in [[2024 Spanish Grand Prix|Spain]] and [[2024 Austrian Grand Prix|Austria]], Albon then earned his second points finish of the season by finishing ninth at the [[2024 British Grand Prix|British Grand Prix]]<ref>{{cite news |date=7 July 2024 |title=Hamilton beats Verstappen to first win since 2021 with record-breaking 9th British Grand Prix victory |website=Formula 1|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/hamilton-beats-verstappen-to-first-win-since-2021-with-record-breaking-9th.3teU9bznaWJlC2TGAYh0Vl}}</ref> This meant at the halfway point of the season Albon was 17th in the drivers' championship with four points. After the [[2024 Dutch Grand Prix|Dutch Grand Prix]], [[Franco Colapinto]] became Albon's new teammate from the [[2024 Italian Grand Prix|Italian Grand Prix]] onwards. At Monza, Albon scored Williams' third points finish of the season taking another 9th place. During the {{F1GP|2024|Azerbaijan}}, Albon benefitted from a late crash between [[Sergio Pérez]] and [[Carlos Sainz Jr.]], which saw Albon finish seventh, allowing Williams to overtake Alpine in the [[World Constructors' Championship]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=REPORT: Double points finish in Baku |url=https://www.williamsf1.com/posts/f1d84f28-9b9b-4307-ad8a-fad29d34bd01/report-2024-azerbaijan-grand-prix |date=15 September 2024 |access-date=29 August 2025 |website=Atlassian Williams Racing }}</ref> Albon did not start the {{F1GP|2024|São Paulo}} after crashing heavily in the third qualifying session; qualifying had been rescheduled to Sunday morning, leaving Williams unable to repair his chassis in time for the race two hours later.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Albon to miss Sao Paulo GP after heavy qualifying crash |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/breaking-williams-confirm-albon-to-miss-sao-paulo-grand-prix-after-heavy.7qoBKIwX36dJHwSsvtRFsJ |access-date=22 November 2024 |website=Formula 1 |language=en}}</ref> A cooling issue forced Albon to retire midway through the {{F1GP|2024|Las Vegas}}, while he finished 15th and 11th in the {{F1GP|2024|Qatar}} and {{F1GP|2024|Abu Dhabi}}, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |title=2024 Driver Standings: Alexander Albon |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/drivers/ALEALB01/alexander-albon |website=Formula 1 |access-date=12 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Harrington |first1=Alex |title=Williams F1 Team Reveals Why Alex Albon Retired from Las Vegas Grand Prix |url=https://www.si.com/fannation/racing/f1briefings/news/williams-f1-team-reveals-why-alex-albon-retired-from-las-vegas-grand-prix-01jdeqn8sn9h |access-date=12 March 2025 |agency=F1 on SI |date=24 November 2024 |archive-date=26 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126230936/https://www.si.com/fannation/racing/f1briefings/news/williams-f1-team-reveals-why-alex-albon-retired-from-las-vegas-grand-prix-01jdeqn8sn9h |url-status=dead }}</ref> Albon finished the season 16th in the Drivers' Championship with 12 points.<ref>{{cite web |title=2024 Driver Standings |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/drivers |website=Formula 1 |access-date=12 March 2025}}</ref> ==== 2025: Partnership with Sainz ==== [[File:2025 Japan GP - Williams - Alex Albon - FP2.jpg|thumb|right|Albon (pictured at the {{F1GP|2025|Japanese}}) is partnered by [[Carlos Sainz Jr.]] from {{F1|2025}} onwards|alt=Albon driving the Williams FW47 at the 2025 Japanese Grand Prix]] Albon partnered [[Carlos Sainz Jr.]] starting from {{F1|2025}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-shares-clear-2025-goal-for-williams-after-teams-eye-catching-display.5SAnRW9FTYIin02ZvkyYQO |title=Albon shares clear 2025 goal for Williams after team's eye-catching display at pre-season testing |date=13 March 2025 |website=[[Formula 1]] |publisher=[[Formula One Group]] |access-date=26 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250315203006/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-shares-clear-2025-goal-for-williams-after-teams-eye-catching-display.5SAnRW9FTYIin02ZvkyYQO |archive-date=15 March 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> He qualified sixth and finished fifth at the rain-affected {{F1GP|2025|Australian}}.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/alex-albon-williams-f1-australian-gp-carlos-sainz-b2715983.html |title=Alex Albon bright-eyed for Williams future after terrific Australian GP: 'It will be an exciting year' |last=Hicks |first=Olivia |date=16 March 2025 |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=26 March 2025 |issn=1741-9743 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250317195033/https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/alex-albon-williams-f1-australian-gp-carlos-sainz-b2715983.html |archive-date=17 March 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> He then finished seventh at the {{F1GP|2025|Chinese}} after disqualifications for [[Charles Leclerc]] and [[Lewis Hamilton]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-hamilton-and-gasly-disqualified-from-chinese-gp/10706422/ |title=Leclerc, Hamilton and Gasly disqualified from Chinese GP |last=Cleeren |first=Filip |date=23 March 2025 |website=[[Autosport]] |publisher=[[Motorsport Network]] |access-date=23 March 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323122436/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-hamilton-and-gasly-disqualified-from-chinese-gp/10706422/ |archive-date=23 March 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> He achieved a further points finish with ninth in [[2025 Japanese Grand Prix|Japan]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/alex-albon-addresses-heated-team-radio-messages-with-williams-in-suzuka/10710488/ |title=Alex Albon addresses heated team radio messages with engineer at Japan GP |last=Mee |first=Lydia |date=6 April 2025 |website=[[Motorsport.com]] |publisher=[[Motorsport Network]] |access-date=6 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406180102/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/alex-albon-addresses-heated-team-radio-messages-with-williams-in-suzuka/10710488/ |archive-date=6 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> before claiming twelfth in [[2025 Bahrain Grand Prix|Bahrain]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-rues-missed-opportunity-as-he-fails-to-score-for-the-first-time-this.1TFmi0sRVKacBomaWwUgI9 |title=Frustrated Albon rues 'missed opportunity' as he fails to score for the first time in 2025 |date=14 April 2025 |website=[[Formula 1]] |publisher=[[Formula One Group]] |access-date=15 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250415161849/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-rues-missed-opportunity-as-he-fails-to-score-for-the-first-time-this.1TFmi0sRVKacBomaWwUgI9 |archive-date=15 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> He returned to ninth at the {{F1GP|2025|Saudi Arabian}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-and-sainz-praise-teamwork-as-saudi-arabia-double-points-finish-puts.6ocVwwpbmYt01zJoWPAlwx |title=Albon and Sainz praise teamwork as Saudi Arabia double points finish puts Williams fifth in standings |date=21 April 2025 |website=[[Formula 1]] |publisher=[[Formula One Group]] |access-date=21 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421215406/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-and-sainz-praise-teamwork-as-saudi-arabia-double-points-finish-puts.6ocVwwpbmYt01zJoWPAlwx |archive-date=21 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Albon finished fifth again in both [[2025 Miami Grand Prix|Miami]] and [[2025 Emilia Romagna Grand Prix|Emilia-Romagna]], scoring ten points each.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-delighted-with-fifth-in-miami-as-sainz-admits-frustrations-over.3p2MYXjGGawKwmJqVFPCND|title=Albon delighted with fifth in Miami as Sainz admits frustrations over inability to score 'bigger' points for Williams|website=[[Formula 1]]|date=5 May 2025|access-date=24 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-left-with-mixed-feelings-over-p5-finish-in-imola-after-licking-my-lips.20gLcDczAq2QN3ZQyshdlL|title=Albon left with mixed feelings over P5 finish in Imola after 'licking my lips' at potential Williams podium|website=[[Formula 1]]|date=18 May 2025|access-date=24 September 2025}}</ref> After [[did not finish|not finishing]] in three straight races–[[2025 Spanish Grand Prix|Spain]], [[2025 Canadian Grand Prix|Canada]], and [[2025 Austrian Grand Prix|Austria]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/sainz-calls-for-williams-to-regroup-as-albon-admits-team-need-to-stop-issues.1akCKGthjimz07wYI7VRP4|title=Sainz calls for Williams to 'regroup' as Albon admits team 'need to stop' issues after double DNF in Austria|date=29 June 2025|access-date=24 September 2025|website=[[Formula 1]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-predicts-a-dogfight-for-midfield-supremacy-as-he-vows-to-fight-like.5G4IIvtjLT0RuEI02cznmK|title=Albon predicts a 'dogfight' for midfield supremacy as he vows to 'fight like hell' to keep P5 for Williams|date=5 August 2025|access-date=24 September 2025|website=[[Formula 1]]}}</ref>–he finished eighth in [[2025 British Grand Prix|Great Britain]] and sixth in [[2025 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgium]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Albon 'very happy' to return to points at Silverstone as Sainz rues 'really frustrating' run of bad luck|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-very-happy-to-return-to-points-at-silverstone-as-sainz-rues-really.3u2zSGLPs5YMQTrciVolkg|website=[[Formula 1]]|access-date=24 September 2025|date=9 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Albon 'happy' with P6 in Belgium after holding off Hamilton but Sainz not 'clicking' with FW47 |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-happy-with-p6-in-belgium-after-holding-off-hamilton-but-sainz-not.6z1kNK5iVa3dsHwT8y6oLx |date=28 July 2025 |access-date=24 September 2025 |website=[[Formula 1]]}}</ref> Later on, he finished fifth again in the [[2025 Dutch Grand Prix|Netherlands]] and seventh at [[2025 Italian Grand Prix|Monza]], earning ten and six points respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Everyone just seemed to crash' – Albon thrilled with P5 in Dutch Grand Prix after 'a little bit of luck' |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/everyone-just-seemed-to-crash-albon-thrilled-with-p5-in-dutch-grand-prix.ZFS6Jovw01NpSzrPKyubk |date=2 September 2025 |access-date=24 September 2025 |website=[[Formula 1]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alex Albon hails 'one of the best Sundays of the year' in Italy while Sainz rules another 'difficult day' |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-hails-one-of-the-best-sundays-of-the-year-in-italy-while-sainz-rues.6tuVoVUr3fOhpiu8MApuIv |date=8 September 2025 |access-date=24 September 2025 |website=[[Formula 1]]}}</ref> His final points of the year came in the [[2025 United States Grand Prix|COTA sprint race]], in which he finished sixth.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cleeren |first=Filip |date=2026-06-23 |title=F1 US GP: Verstappen wins sprint race, Norris and Piastri taken out in start crash |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/f1-us-gp-verstappen-wins-sprint-race-norris-and-piastri-taken-out-in-start-crash/10768885/ |access-date=2026-06-24 |website=Autosport |language=en}}</ref> Albon finished the season in 8th place in the Drivers' Championship with 73 points, ahead of his teammate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Formula 1 2025 results and standings for top drivers and teams |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/standings/2025/ |access-date=2026-06-24 |website=Motorsport.com |language=en}}</ref> ==itokasi== 8ddjo450xpacs10g4ti2cowphp1xy1t 624936 624935 2026-07-02T08:26:35Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Thai and British racing driver (born 1996)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Use British English|date=February 2019}} {{redirect-distinguish|Albono|Abono|Albano|Albo|Bono}} {{Infobox person | name = Alex Albon | native_name = {{nobold|อเล็กซ์ อัลบอน}} | native_name_lang = th | image = Alex Albon (cropped).jpg | caption = Albon in 2024 | birth_name = Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|3|23|df=y}} | birth_place = [[London]], England<!-- Just the city and the country when it’s a major city, no overly specific areas such as “Westminster”. --> | parents = [[Nigel Albon]] (father) | relatives = [[Mark Albon]] (uncle) | partners = [[Muni "Lily" He]] (2019–present; engaged) | website = {{URL|https://www.alexalbon.com/}} | module = {{Infobox F1 driver|embed=yes | nationality = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|Thai]] <!-- Please leave the 2026 team in the infobox until at least 1 January 2027, per WP:F1 convention --> | 2026 Team = [[Williams Racing|Atlassian Williams]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] | car_number = 23 | races = {{F1stat|ALB|entries}} ({{F1stat|ALB|starts}} starts) | championships = 0 | wins = {{F1stat|ALB|wins}} | podiums = {{F1stat|ALB|podiums}} | points = {{F1stat|ALB|careerpoints}} | poles = {{F1stat|ALB|poles}} | fastest_laps = {{F1stat|ALB|fastestlaps}} | first_race = [[2019 Australian Grand Prix]] | first_win = | last_win = | last_race = {{latest F1GP}} | last_season = 2025 | last_position = 8th (73 pts) }} | module2 = {{Infobox racing driver|embed=yes | prev_series = {{plainlist| * [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] * [[FIA Formula 2]] * [[GP3 Series]] * [[FIA F3 European]] * [[Formula Renault NEC]] * [[Formula Renault Eurocup]] * [[Formula Renault 2.0 Alps]] }} | prev_series_years = {{plainlist| * [[2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|2021]] * {{F2|2017}}–{{F2|2018}} * [[2016 GP3 Series|2016]] * {{FIAF3|2015}} * [[2013 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2013]]–[[2014 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2014]] * [[2012 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2012]]–[[2014 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2014]] * [[2012 Formula Renault 2.0 Alps Series|2012]] }} | titles = | title_years = | awards = {{plainlist| * [[FIA Prize Giving Ceremony#Rookie of the Year|FIA Rookie of the Year]] * [[Autosport Awards#Rookie of the Year|Autosport Rookie of the Year]] }} | award_years = {{plainlist| * 2019 * 2019 }} }} }} '''Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha''' (àbí Alex Albon; bí ní ọjọ́ 23 oṣù Kẹta, ọdún 1996) jẹ́ awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Ó ń dije lábẹ́ àsíá orílẹ̀-èdè Thailand nínú Formula One fún ẹgbẹ́ Williams Racing. A bí Albon ní Westminster, ó sì dàgbà ní Suffolk. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Nigel Albon, awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, àti aya rẹ̀ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand. Ó tún jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀gbọ́n Mark Albon. Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ aṣeyọrí rẹ̀ nínú eré ìje karting—níbi tí ó ti gba akọ́lé World Cup àti European Championship fún àwọn ọdọ ní ọdún 2010—Albon gbé sí ìpele àwọn eré ìje junior formulae. Ó dije nínú Formula Renault Eurocup láti ọdún 2012 sí 2014, lẹ́yìn náà ó darapọ̀ mọ́ FIA Formula 3 European Championship. Ní ọdún 2016, ó lọ sí GP3 Series, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì lẹ́yìn Charles Leclerc ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ ART. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó gòkè sí FIA Formula 2, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹta nínú ìdíje aṣáájú-ọnà pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ DAMS ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Albon jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull Junior Team láti ọdún 2008 sí 2012. Ní ọdún 2019, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn pẹ̀lú Scuderia Toro Rosso, ó sì ṣe ìfarahàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú Formula One. Lẹ́yìn eré ìje méjìlá, wọ́n gbé e sókè sí ẹgbẹ́ àgbà, Red Bull Racing, láti rọ́pò Pierre Gasly kí ó lè jẹ́ alábàákẹ́gbẹ́ Max Verstappen. Ní ọdún 2020, ó di awakọ̀ àkọ́kọ́ láti Thailand tó dé ipò mẹ́ta àkọ́kọ́ (podium) nínú Formula One. Ó tún ṣe àṣeyọrí yìí lẹ́ẹ̀kejì ní eré ìje Bahrain Grand Prix. Ní ọdún 2021, Sergio Pérez rọ́pò rẹ̀ ní Red Bull. Albon sì di awakọ̀ ìpamọ́ (reserve driver) fún Red Bull àti Scuderia AlphaTauri. Ní ọdún náà, ó tún dije nínú DTM pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull AF Corse lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ Liam Lawson. Ní ọdún 2022, Albon darapọ̀ mọ́ Williams Racing láti rọ́pò George Russell, èyí sì parí ìbáṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Red Bull ní òpin àkókò eré náà. Ó bá a lọ pẹ̀lú Williams ní àwọn àkókò eré 2023, 2024 àti 2025, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹjọ, èyí tó ga jù lọ láàárín àwọn awakọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ àárín (midfield). Títí di eré ìje Formula One tó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ parí jù lọ, Albon ti gba ipò podium lẹ́ẹ̀mejì, ó sì ti ṣe ìyípo tó yára jù (fastest lap) lẹ́ẹ̀kan. Ó ní àdéhùn láti bá Williams ṣiṣẹ́ títí di ìparí àkókò eré 2027 ní ó kéré tán. ==== 2024: Setbacks at Williams ==== [[File:Alex Albon 2024 Chinese GP.jpg|thumb|left|Albon at the [[2024 Chinese Grand Prix]]]] Albon continued at Williams alongside Sargeant for {{F1|2024}}. He qualified and finished outside the top ten at the season-opening {{F1 GP|2024|Bahrain}}, with the team stating that both drivers were dealing with engine overheating issues during the race.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.williamsf1.com/posts/a0f3866e-deed-4210-a73c-729a9475726f/report-bahrain-2024-race|title=REPORT: Issues hamper progress at season opener|website=Williams Racing|date=2 March 2024|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> He and Kevin Magnussen collided at the {{F1 GP|2024|Saudi Arabian}} and Albon went on to finish eleventh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-frustrated-not-to-score-points-after-tough-race-in-saudi-arabia-amid.5ZbpANDy4Z4JTWaaqeTdtY|title=Albon frustrated not to score points after 'tough' race in Saudi Arabia amid clash with Magnussen|website=Formula 1|date=14 March 2024|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> Albon crashed in the first practice session at the {{F1 GP|2024|Australian}} and Williams were unable to repair his car, nor did they have a spare chassis. Team principal [[James Vowles]] described the situation as "a reflection of how behind we were in the winter period".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.williamsf1.com/posts/bc29d1d1-8148-41e5-8c6e-59d452682be6/australian-grand-prix-update|title=Australian Grand Prix Update|website=Williams Racing|date=22 March 2024|accessdate=1 April 2024}}</ref> The team decided to withdraw Sargeant from the event and allow Albon to use the one remaining car. He finished the race eleventh. He qualified fourteenth for the {{F1 GP|2024|Japanese}} but was eliminated in a first-lap crash with Daniel Ricciardo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.crash.net/f1/news/1046572/1/alex-albon-details-williams-woe-after-daniel-ricciardo-crash-f1-japanese-gp|title=Alex Albon details Williams woe after Daniel Ricciardo crash at F1 Japanese GP|website=crash.net|first=James|last=Dielhenn|date=7 April 2024|accessdate=8 April 2024}}</ref> On 15 May, Williams confirmed that Albon has signed a multi-year extension to stay with the team.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.williamsf1.com/posts/85039339-fe5d-4734-ad05-eab805ef651a/alex-albon-here-to-stay|title=Alex Albon commits future to Williams Racing|date=15 May 2024|access-date=15 May 2024|work=[[Williams Grand Prix Engineering|Williams Racing]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515093456/https://www.williamsf1.com/posts/85039339-fe5d-4734-ad05-eab805ef651a/alex-albon-here-to-stay|archive-date=15 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Albon did not score points in the next three races which included him retiring in [[2024 Emilia Romagna Grand Prix|Imola]] due to issues putting the tyre on at his pit stop taking him out of the points battle.<ref name="race report">{{cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/verstappen-holds-off-thrilling-late-charge-from-norris-to-win-emilia-romagna.2CgBWm3GodjE3QIYIMWL0x |title=Verstappen holds off thrilling late charge from Norris to win Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix |date=20 May 2024 |website=Formula 1}}</ref> Looking to bounce back Albon qualified ninth at the [[2024 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]]. He then kept hold of his position to finish in 9th place which marked his and Williams first points of the season.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 May 2024 |title=Leclerc clinches long-awaited home win in Monaco ahead of Piastri and Sainz after early drama |website=Formula 1|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/leclerc-clinches-long-awaited-home-win-in-monaco-ahead-of-piastri-and-sainz.4EmeQeb2P27aS8yGIVMOEO|access-date=26 May 2024}}</ref> Albon then qualified 10th for the [[2024 Canadian Grand Prix|Canadian Grand Prix]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1237/canada/qualifying.html |title=Formula 1 AWS Grand Prix du Canada 2024 - Qualifying |website=Formula 1 |access-date=15 July 2024}}</ref> but retired from the race whilst running in the points on lap 52 after Carlos Sainz spun into him sending him into the wall.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/passenger-albon-left-frustrated-by-sainz-crash-on-day-points-were-possible.4pRPhr0hqtrrmkiZd7oyW4 |title='Passenger' Albon left frustrated by Sainz crash on day points were possible, as Sargeant rues 'too many mistakes' |date=10 June 2024 |website=Formula 1 |access-date=15 July 2024}}</ref> After finishing out of the points in [[2024 Spanish Grand Prix|Spain]] and [[2024 Austrian Grand Prix|Austria]], Albon then earned his second points finish of the season by finishing ninth at the [[2024 British Grand Prix|British Grand Prix]]<ref>{{cite news |date=7 July 2024 |title=Hamilton beats Verstappen to first win since 2021 with record-breaking 9th British Grand Prix victory |website=Formula 1|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/hamilton-beats-verstappen-to-first-win-since-2021-with-record-breaking-9th.3teU9bznaWJlC2TGAYh0Vl}}</ref> This meant at the halfway point of the season Albon was 17th in the drivers' championship with four points. After the [[2024 Dutch Grand Prix|Dutch Grand Prix]], [[Franco Colapinto]] became Albon's new teammate from the [[2024 Italian Grand Prix|Italian Grand Prix]] onwards. At Monza, Albon scored Williams' third points finish of the season taking another 9th place. During the {{F1GP|2024|Azerbaijan}}, Albon benefitted from a late crash between [[Sergio Pérez]] and [[Carlos Sainz Jr.]], which saw Albon finish seventh, allowing Williams to overtake Alpine in the [[World Constructors' Championship]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=REPORT: Double points finish in Baku |url=https://www.williamsf1.com/posts/f1d84f28-9b9b-4307-ad8a-fad29d34bd01/report-2024-azerbaijan-grand-prix |date=15 September 2024 |access-date=29 August 2025 |website=Atlassian Williams Racing }}</ref> Albon did not start the {{F1GP|2024|São Paulo}} after crashing heavily in the third qualifying session; qualifying had been rescheduled to Sunday morning, leaving Williams unable to repair his chassis in time for the race two hours later.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Albon to miss Sao Paulo GP after heavy qualifying crash |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/breaking-williams-confirm-albon-to-miss-sao-paulo-grand-prix-after-heavy.7qoBKIwX36dJHwSsvtRFsJ |access-date=22 November 2024 |website=Formula 1 |language=en}}</ref> A cooling issue forced Albon to retire midway through the {{F1GP|2024|Las Vegas}}, while he finished 15th and 11th in the {{F1GP|2024|Qatar}} and {{F1GP|2024|Abu Dhabi}}, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |title=2024 Driver Standings: Alexander Albon |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/drivers/ALEALB01/alexander-albon |website=Formula 1 |access-date=12 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Harrington |first1=Alex |title=Williams F1 Team Reveals Why Alex Albon Retired from Las Vegas Grand Prix |url=https://www.si.com/fannation/racing/f1briefings/news/williams-f1-team-reveals-why-alex-albon-retired-from-las-vegas-grand-prix-01jdeqn8sn9h |access-date=12 March 2025 |agency=F1 on SI |date=24 November 2024 |archive-date=26 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126230936/https://www.si.com/fannation/racing/f1briefings/news/williams-f1-team-reveals-why-alex-albon-retired-from-las-vegas-grand-prix-01jdeqn8sn9h |url-status=dead }}</ref> Albon finished the season 16th in the Drivers' Championship with 12 points.<ref>{{cite web |title=2024 Driver Standings |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/drivers |website=Formula 1 |access-date=12 March 2025}}</ref> ==== 2025: Partnership with Sainz ==== [[File:2025 Japan GP - Williams - Alex Albon - FP2.jpg|thumb|right|Albon (pictured at the {{F1GP|2025|Japanese}}) is partnered by [[Carlos Sainz Jr.]] from {{F1|2025}} onwards|alt=Albon driving the Williams FW47 at the 2025 Japanese Grand Prix]] Albon partnered [[Carlos Sainz Jr.]] starting from {{F1|2025}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-shares-clear-2025-goal-for-williams-after-teams-eye-catching-display.5SAnRW9FTYIin02ZvkyYQO |title=Albon shares clear 2025 goal for Williams after team's eye-catching display at pre-season testing |date=13 March 2025 |website=[[Formula 1]] |publisher=[[Formula One Group]] |access-date=26 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250315203006/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-shares-clear-2025-goal-for-williams-after-teams-eye-catching-display.5SAnRW9FTYIin02ZvkyYQO |archive-date=15 March 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> He qualified sixth and finished fifth at the rain-affected {{F1GP|2025|Australian}}.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/alex-albon-williams-f1-australian-gp-carlos-sainz-b2715983.html |title=Alex Albon bright-eyed for Williams future after terrific Australian GP: 'It will be an exciting year' |last=Hicks |first=Olivia |date=16 March 2025 |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=26 March 2025 |issn=1741-9743 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250317195033/https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/alex-albon-williams-f1-australian-gp-carlos-sainz-b2715983.html |archive-date=17 March 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> He then finished seventh at the {{F1GP|2025|Chinese}} after disqualifications for [[Charles Leclerc]] and [[Lewis Hamilton]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-hamilton-and-gasly-disqualified-from-chinese-gp/10706422/ |title=Leclerc, Hamilton and Gasly disqualified from Chinese GP |last=Cleeren |first=Filip |date=23 March 2025 |website=[[Autosport]] |publisher=[[Motorsport Network]] |access-date=23 March 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323122436/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-hamilton-and-gasly-disqualified-from-chinese-gp/10706422/ |archive-date=23 March 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> He achieved a further points finish with ninth in [[2025 Japanese Grand Prix|Japan]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/alex-albon-addresses-heated-team-radio-messages-with-williams-in-suzuka/10710488/ |title=Alex Albon addresses heated team radio messages with engineer at Japan GP |last=Mee |first=Lydia |date=6 April 2025 |website=[[Motorsport.com]] |publisher=[[Motorsport Network]] |access-date=6 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406180102/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/alex-albon-addresses-heated-team-radio-messages-with-williams-in-suzuka/10710488/ |archive-date=6 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> before claiming twelfth in [[2025 Bahrain Grand Prix|Bahrain]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-rues-missed-opportunity-as-he-fails-to-score-for-the-first-time-this.1TFmi0sRVKacBomaWwUgI9 |title=Frustrated Albon rues 'missed opportunity' as he fails to score for the first time in 2025 |date=14 April 2025 |website=[[Formula 1]] |publisher=[[Formula One Group]] |access-date=15 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250415161849/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-rues-missed-opportunity-as-he-fails-to-score-for-the-first-time-this.1TFmi0sRVKacBomaWwUgI9 |archive-date=15 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> He returned to ninth at the {{F1GP|2025|Saudi Arabian}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-and-sainz-praise-teamwork-as-saudi-arabia-double-points-finish-puts.6ocVwwpbmYt01zJoWPAlwx |title=Albon and Sainz praise teamwork as Saudi Arabia double points finish puts Williams fifth in standings |date=21 April 2025 |website=[[Formula 1]] |publisher=[[Formula One Group]] |access-date=21 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421215406/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-and-sainz-praise-teamwork-as-saudi-arabia-double-points-finish-puts.6ocVwwpbmYt01zJoWPAlwx |archive-date=21 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Albon finished fifth again in both [[2025 Miami Grand Prix|Miami]] and [[2025 Emilia Romagna Grand Prix|Emilia-Romagna]], scoring ten points each.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-delighted-with-fifth-in-miami-as-sainz-admits-frustrations-over.3p2MYXjGGawKwmJqVFPCND|title=Albon delighted with fifth in Miami as Sainz admits frustrations over inability to score 'bigger' points for Williams|website=[[Formula 1]]|date=5 May 2025|access-date=24 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-left-with-mixed-feelings-over-p5-finish-in-imola-after-licking-my-lips.20gLcDczAq2QN3ZQyshdlL|title=Albon left with mixed feelings over P5 finish in Imola after 'licking my lips' at potential Williams podium|website=[[Formula 1]]|date=18 May 2025|access-date=24 September 2025}}</ref> After [[did not finish|not finishing]] in three straight races–[[2025 Spanish Grand Prix|Spain]], [[2025 Canadian Grand Prix|Canada]], and [[2025 Austrian Grand Prix|Austria]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/sainz-calls-for-williams-to-regroup-as-albon-admits-team-need-to-stop-issues.1akCKGthjimz07wYI7VRP4|title=Sainz calls for Williams to 'regroup' as Albon admits team 'need to stop' issues after double DNF in Austria|date=29 June 2025|access-date=24 September 2025|website=[[Formula 1]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-predicts-a-dogfight-for-midfield-supremacy-as-he-vows-to-fight-like.5G4IIvtjLT0RuEI02cznmK|title=Albon predicts a 'dogfight' for midfield supremacy as he vows to 'fight like hell' to keep P5 for Williams|date=5 August 2025|access-date=24 September 2025|website=[[Formula 1]]}}</ref>–he finished eighth in [[2025 British Grand Prix|Great Britain]] and sixth in [[2025 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgium]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Albon 'very happy' to return to points at Silverstone as Sainz rues 'really frustrating' run of bad luck|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-very-happy-to-return-to-points-at-silverstone-as-sainz-rues-really.3u2zSGLPs5YMQTrciVolkg|website=[[Formula 1]]|access-date=24 September 2025|date=9 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Albon 'happy' with P6 in Belgium after holding off Hamilton but Sainz not 'clicking' with FW47 |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-happy-with-p6-in-belgium-after-holding-off-hamilton-but-sainz-not.6z1kNK5iVa3dsHwT8y6oLx |date=28 July 2025 |access-date=24 September 2025 |website=[[Formula 1]]}}</ref> Later on, he finished fifth again in the [[2025 Dutch Grand Prix|Netherlands]] and seventh at [[2025 Italian Grand Prix|Monza]], earning ten and six points respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Everyone just seemed to crash' – Albon thrilled with P5 in Dutch Grand Prix after 'a little bit of luck' |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/everyone-just-seemed-to-crash-albon-thrilled-with-p5-in-dutch-grand-prix.ZFS6Jovw01NpSzrPKyubk |date=2 September 2025 |access-date=24 September 2025 |website=[[Formula 1]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alex Albon hails 'one of the best Sundays of the year' in Italy while Sainz rules another 'difficult day' |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-hails-one-of-the-best-sundays-of-the-year-in-italy-while-sainz-rues.6tuVoVUr3fOhpiu8MApuIv |date=8 September 2025 |access-date=24 September 2025 |website=[[Formula 1]]}}</ref> His final points of the year came in the [[2025 United States Grand Prix|COTA sprint race]], in which he finished sixth.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cleeren |first=Filip |date=2026-06-23 |title=F1 US GP: Verstappen wins sprint race, Norris and Piastri taken out in start crash |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/f1-us-gp-verstappen-wins-sprint-race-norris-and-piastri-taken-out-in-start-crash/10768885/ |access-date=2026-06-24 |website=Autosport |language=en}}</ref> Albon finished the season in 8th place in the Drivers' Championship with 73 points, ahead of his teammate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Formula 1 2025 results and standings for top drivers and teams |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/standings/2025/ |access-date=2026-06-24 |website=Motorsport.com |language=en}}</ref> ==itokasi== r9ajntcms56t42rlbvh5z6a4u5nf4cl 624937 624936 2026-07-02T08:27:00Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Thai and British racing driver (born 1996)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Use British English|date=February 2019}} {{redirect-distinguish|Albono|Abono|Albano|Albo|Bono}} {{Infobox person | name = Alex Albon | native_name = {{nobold|อเล็กซ์ อัลบอน}} | native_name_lang = th | image = Alex Albon (cropped).jpg | caption = Albon in 2024 | birth_name = Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|3|23|df=y}} | birth_place = [[London]], England<!-- Just the city and the country when it’s a major city, no overly specific areas such as “Westminster”. --> | parents = [[Nigel Albon]] (father) | relatives = [[Mark Albon]] (uncle) | partners = [[Muni "Lily" He]] (2019–present; engaged) | website = {{URL|https://www.alexalbon.com/}} | module = {{Infobox F1 driver|embed=yes | nationality = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|Thai]] <!-- Please leave the 2026 team in the infobox until at least 1 January 2027, per WP:F1 convention --> | 2026 Team = [[Williams Racing|Atlassian Williams]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] | car_number = 23 | races = {{F1stat|ALB|entries}} ({{F1stat|ALB|starts}} starts) | championships = 0 | wins = {{F1stat|ALB|wins}} | podiums = {{F1stat|ALB|podiums}} | points = {{F1stat|ALB|careerpoints}} | poles = {{F1stat|ALB|poles}} | fastest_laps = {{F1stat|ALB|fastestlaps}} | first_race = [[2019 Australian Grand Prix]] | first_win = | last_win = | last_race = {{latest F1GP}} | last_season = 2025 | last_position = 8th (73 pts) }} | module2 = {{Infobox racing driver|embed=yes | prev_series = {{plainlist| * [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] * [[FIA Formula 2]] * [[GP3 Series]] * [[FIA F3 European]] * [[Formula Renault NEC]] * [[Formula Renault Eurocup]] * [[Formula Renault 2.0 Alps]] }} | prev_series_years = {{plainlist| * [[2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|2021]] * {{F2|2017}}–{{F2|2018}} * [[2016 GP3 Series|2016]] * {{FIAF3|2015}} * [[2013 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2013]]–[[2014 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2014]] * [[2012 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2012]]–[[2014 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2014]] * [[2012 Formula Renault 2.0 Alps Series|2012]] }} | titles = | title_years = | awards = {{plainlist| * [[FIA Prize Giving Ceremony#Rookie of the Year|FIA Rookie of the Year]] * [[Autosport Awards#Rookie of the Year|Autosport Rookie of the Year]] }} | award_years = {{plainlist| * 2019 * 2019 }} }} }} '''Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha''' (àbí Alex Albon; bí ní ọjọ́ 23 oṣù Kẹta, ọdún 1996) jẹ́ awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Ó ń dije lábẹ́ àsíá orílẹ̀-èdè Thailand nínú Formula One fún ẹgbẹ́ Williams Racing. A bí Albon ní Westminster, ó sì dàgbà ní Suffolk. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Nigel Albon, awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, àti aya rẹ̀ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand. Ó tún jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀gbọ́n Mark Albon. Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ aṣeyọrí rẹ̀ nínú eré ìje karting—níbi tí ó ti gba akọ́lé World Cup àti European Championship fún àwọn ọdọ ní ọdún 2010—Albon gbé sí ìpele àwọn eré ìje junior formulae. Ó dije nínú Formula Renault Eurocup láti ọdún 2012 sí 2014, lẹ́yìn náà ó darapọ̀ mọ́ FIA Formula 3 European Championship. Ní ọdún 2016, ó lọ sí GP3 Series, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì lẹ́yìn Charles Leclerc ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ ART. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó gòkè sí FIA Formula 2, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹta nínú ìdíje aṣáájú-ọnà pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ DAMS ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Albon jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull Junior Team láti ọdún 2008 sí 2012. Ní ọdún 2019, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn pẹ̀lú Scuderia Toro Rosso, ó sì ṣe ìfarahàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú Formula One. Lẹ́yìn eré ìje méjìlá, wọ́n gbé e sókè sí ẹgbẹ́ àgbà, Red Bull Racing, láti rọ́pò Pierre Gasly kí ó lè jẹ́ alábàákẹ́gbẹ́ Max Verstappen. Ní ọdún 2020, ó di awakọ̀ àkọ́kọ́ láti Thailand tó dé ipò mẹ́ta àkọ́kọ́ (podium) nínú Formula One. Ó tún ṣe àṣeyọrí yìí lẹ́ẹ̀kejì ní eré ìje Bahrain Grand Prix. Ní ọdún 2021, Sergio Pérez rọ́pò rẹ̀ ní Red Bull. Albon sì di awakọ̀ ìpamọ́ (reserve driver) fún Red Bull àti Scuderia AlphaTauri. Ní ọdún náà, ó tún dije nínú DTM pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull AF Corse lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ Liam Lawson. Ní ọdún 2022, Albon darapọ̀ mọ́ Williams Racing láti rọ́pò George Russell, èyí sì parí ìbáṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Red Bull ní òpin àkókò eré náà. Ó bá a lọ pẹ̀lú Williams ní àwọn àkókò eré 2023, 2024 àti 2025, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹjọ, èyí tó ga jù lọ láàárín àwọn awakọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ àárín (midfield). Títí di eré ìje Formula One tó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ parí jù lọ, Albon ti gba ipò podium lẹ́ẹ̀mejì, ó sì ti ṣe ìyípo tó yára jù (fastest lap) lẹ́ẹ̀kan. Ó ní àdéhùn láti bá Williams ṣiṣẹ́ títí di ìparí àkókò eré 2027 ní ó kéré tán. ==== 2025: Partnership with Sainz ==== [[File:2025 Japan GP - Williams - Alex Albon - FP2.jpg|thumb|right|Albon (pictured at the {{F1GP|2025|Japanese}}) is partnered by [[Carlos Sainz Jr.]] from {{F1|2025}} onwards|alt=Albon driving the Williams FW47 at the 2025 Japanese Grand Prix]] Albon partnered [[Carlos Sainz Jr.]] starting from {{F1|2025}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-shares-clear-2025-goal-for-williams-after-teams-eye-catching-display.5SAnRW9FTYIin02ZvkyYQO |title=Albon shares clear 2025 goal for Williams after team's eye-catching display at pre-season testing |date=13 March 2025 |website=[[Formula 1]] |publisher=[[Formula One Group]] |access-date=26 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250315203006/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-shares-clear-2025-goal-for-williams-after-teams-eye-catching-display.5SAnRW9FTYIin02ZvkyYQO |archive-date=15 March 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> He qualified sixth and finished fifth at the rain-affected {{F1GP|2025|Australian}}.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/alex-albon-williams-f1-australian-gp-carlos-sainz-b2715983.html |title=Alex Albon bright-eyed for Williams future after terrific Australian GP: 'It will be an exciting year' |last=Hicks |first=Olivia |date=16 March 2025 |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=26 March 2025 |issn=1741-9743 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250317195033/https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/alex-albon-williams-f1-australian-gp-carlos-sainz-b2715983.html |archive-date=17 March 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> He then finished seventh at the {{F1GP|2025|Chinese}} after disqualifications for [[Charles Leclerc]] and [[Lewis Hamilton]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-hamilton-and-gasly-disqualified-from-chinese-gp/10706422/ |title=Leclerc, Hamilton and Gasly disqualified from Chinese GP |last=Cleeren |first=Filip |date=23 March 2025 |website=[[Autosport]] |publisher=[[Motorsport Network]] |access-date=23 March 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323122436/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-hamilton-and-gasly-disqualified-from-chinese-gp/10706422/ |archive-date=23 March 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> He achieved a further points finish with ninth in [[2025 Japanese Grand Prix|Japan]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/alex-albon-addresses-heated-team-radio-messages-with-williams-in-suzuka/10710488/ |title=Alex Albon addresses heated team radio messages with engineer at Japan GP |last=Mee |first=Lydia |date=6 April 2025 |website=[[Motorsport.com]] |publisher=[[Motorsport Network]] |access-date=6 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406180102/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/alex-albon-addresses-heated-team-radio-messages-with-williams-in-suzuka/10710488/ |archive-date=6 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> before claiming twelfth in [[2025 Bahrain Grand Prix|Bahrain]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-rues-missed-opportunity-as-he-fails-to-score-for-the-first-time-this.1TFmi0sRVKacBomaWwUgI9 |title=Frustrated Albon rues 'missed opportunity' as he fails to score for the first time in 2025 |date=14 April 2025 |website=[[Formula 1]] |publisher=[[Formula One Group]] |access-date=15 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250415161849/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-rues-missed-opportunity-as-he-fails-to-score-for-the-first-time-this.1TFmi0sRVKacBomaWwUgI9 |archive-date=15 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> He returned to ninth at the {{F1GP|2025|Saudi Arabian}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-and-sainz-praise-teamwork-as-saudi-arabia-double-points-finish-puts.6ocVwwpbmYt01zJoWPAlwx |title=Albon and Sainz praise teamwork as Saudi Arabia double points finish puts Williams fifth in standings |date=21 April 2025 |website=[[Formula 1]] |publisher=[[Formula One Group]] |access-date=21 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421215406/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-and-sainz-praise-teamwork-as-saudi-arabia-double-points-finish-puts.6ocVwwpbmYt01zJoWPAlwx |archive-date=21 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Albon finished fifth again in both [[2025 Miami Grand Prix|Miami]] and [[2025 Emilia Romagna Grand Prix|Emilia-Romagna]], scoring ten points each.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-delighted-with-fifth-in-miami-as-sainz-admits-frustrations-over.3p2MYXjGGawKwmJqVFPCND|title=Albon delighted with fifth in Miami as Sainz admits frustrations over inability to score 'bigger' points for Williams|website=[[Formula 1]]|date=5 May 2025|access-date=24 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-left-with-mixed-feelings-over-p5-finish-in-imola-after-licking-my-lips.20gLcDczAq2QN3ZQyshdlL|title=Albon left with mixed feelings over P5 finish in Imola after 'licking my lips' at potential Williams podium|website=[[Formula 1]]|date=18 May 2025|access-date=24 September 2025}}</ref> After [[did not finish|not finishing]] in three straight races–[[2025 Spanish Grand Prix|Spain]], [[2025 Canadian Grand Prix|Canada]], and [[2025 Austrian Grand Prix|Austria]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/sainz-calls-for-williams-to-regroup-as-albon-admits-team-need-to-stop-issues.1akCKGthjimz07wYI7VRP4|title=Sainz calls for Williams to 'regroup' as Albon admits team 'need to stop' issues after double DNF in Austria|date=29 June 2025|access-date=24 September 2025|website=[[Formula 1]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-predicts-a-dogfight-for-midfield-supremacy-as-he-vows-to-fight-like.5G4IIvtjLT0RuEI02cznmK|title=Albon predicts a 'dogfight' for midfield supremacy as he vows to 'fight like hell' to keep P5 for Williams|date=5 August 2025|access-date=24 September 2025|website=[[Formula 1]]}}</ref>–he finished eighth in [[2025 British Grand Prix|Great Britain]] and sixth in [[2025 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgium]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Albon 'very happy' to return to points at Silverstone as Sainz rues 'really frustrating' run of bad luck|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-very-happy-to-return-to-points-at-silverstone-as-sainz-rues-really.3u2zSGLPs5YMQTrciVolkg|website=[[Formula 1]]|access-date=24 September 2025|date=9 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Albon 'happy' with P6 in Belgium after holding off Hamilton but Sainz not 'clicking' with FW47 |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-happy-with-p6-in-belgium-after-holding-off-hamilton-but-sainz-not.6z1kNK5iVa3dsHwT8y6oLx |date=28 July 2025 |access-date=24 September 2025 |website=[[Formula 1]]}}</ref> Later on, he finished fifth again in the [[2025 Dutch Grand Prix|Netherlands]] and seventh at [[2025 Italian Grand Prix|Monza]], earning ten and six points respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Everyone just seemed to crash' – Albon thrilled with P5 in Dutch Grand Prix after 'a little bit of luck' |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/everyone-just-seemed-to-crash-albon-thrilled-with-p5-in-dutch-grand-prix.ZFS6Jovw01NpSzrPKyubk |date=2 September 2025 |access-date=24 September 2025 |website=[[Formula 1]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alex Albon hails 'one of the best Sundays of the year' in Italy while Sainz rules another 'difficult day' |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/albon-hails-one-of-the-best-sundays-of-the-year-in-italy-while-sainz-rues.6tuVoVUr3fOhpiu8MApuIv |date=8 September 2025 |access-date=24 September 2025 |website=[[Formula 1]]}}</ref> His final points of the year came in the [[2025 United States Grand Prix|COTA sprint race]], in which he finished sixth.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cleeren |first=Filip |date=2026-06-23 |title=F1 US GP: Verstappen wins sprint race, Norris and Piastri taken out in start crash |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/f1-us-gp-verstappen-wins-sprint-race-norris-and-piastri-taken-out-in-start-crash/10768885/ |access-date=2026-06-24 |website=Autosport |language=en}}</ref> Albon finished the season in 8th place in the Drivers' Championship with 73 points, ahead of his teammate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Formula 1 2025 results and standings for top drivers and teams |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/standings/2025/ |access-date=2026-06-24 |website=Motorsport.com |language=en}}</ref> ==itokasi== s6jnf64yourdd2gi6rfpo7oiaacahua 624938 624937 2026-07-02T08:27:20Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Thai and British racing driver (born 1996)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Use British English|date=February 2019}} {{redirect-distinguish|Albono|Abono|Albano|Albo|Bono}} {{Infobox person | name = Alex Albon | native_name = {{nobold|อเล็กซ์ อัลบอน}} | native_name_lang = th | image = Alex Albon (cropped).jpg | caption = Albon in 2024 | birth_name = Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|3|23|df=y}} | birth_place = [[London]], England<!-- Just the city and the country when it’s a major city, no overly specific areas such as “Westminster”. --> | parents = [[Nigel Albon]] (father) | relatives = [[Mark Albon]] (uncle) | partners = [[Muni "Lily" He]] (2019–present; engaged) | website = {{URL|https://www.alexalbon.com/}} | module = {{Infobox F1 driver|embed=yes | nationality = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|Thai]] <!-- Please leave the 2026 team in the infobox until at least 1 January 2027, per WP:F1 convention --> | 2026 Team = [[Williams Racing|Atlassian Williams]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] | car_number = 23 | races = {{F1stat|ALB|entries}} ({{F1stat|ALB|starts}} starts) | championships = 0 | wins = {{F1stat|ALB|wins}} | podiums = {{F1stat|ALB|podiums}} | points = {{F1stat|ALB|careerpoints}} | poles = {{F1stat|ALB|poles}} | fastest_laps = {{F1stat|ALB|fastestlaps}} | first_race = [[2019 Australian Grand Prix]] | first_win = | last_win = | last_race = {{latest F1GP}} | last_season = 2025 | last_position = 8th (73 pts) }} | module2 = {{Infobox racing driver|embed=yes | prev_series = {{plainlist| * [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] * [[FIA Formula 2]] * [[GP3 Series]] * [[FIA F3 European]] * [[Formula Renault NEC]] * [[Formula Renault Eurocup]] * [[Formula Renault 2.0 Alps]] }} | prev_series_years = {{plainlist| * [[2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|2021]] * {{F2|2017}}–{{F2|2018}} * [[2016 GP3 Series|2016]] * {{FIAF3|2015}} * [[2013 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2013]]–[[2014 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2014]] * [[2012 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2012]]–[[2014 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2014]] * [[2012 Formula Renault 2.0 Alps Series|2012]] }} | titles = | title_years = | awards = {{plainlist| * [[FIA Prize Giving Ceremony#Rookie of the Year|FIA Rookie of the Year]] * [[Autosport Awards#Rookie of the Year|Autosport Rookie of the Year]] }} | award_years = {{plainlist| * 2019 * 2019 }} }} }} '''Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha''' (àbí Alex Albon; bí ní ọjọ́ 23 oṣù Kẹta, ọdún 1996) jẹ́ awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Ó ń dije lábẹ́ àsíá orílẹ̀-èdè Thailand nínú Formula One fún ẹgbẹ́ Williams Racing. A bí Albon ní Westminster, ó sì dàgbà ní Suffolk. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Nigel Albon, awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, àti aya rẹ̀ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand. Ó tún jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀gbọ́n Mark Albon. Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ aṣeyọrí rẹ̀ nínú eré ìje karting—níbi tí ó ti gba akọ́lé World Cup àti European Championship fún àwọn ọdọ ní ọdún 2010—Albon gbé sí ìpele àwọn eré ìje junior formulae. Ó dije nínú Formula Renault Eurocup láti ọdún 2012 sí 2014, lẹ́yìn náà ó darapọ̀ mọ́ FIA Formula 3 European Championship. Ní ọdún 2016, ó lọ sí GP3 Series, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì lẹ́yìn Charles Leclerc ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ ART. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó gòkè sí FIA Formula 2, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹta nínú ìdíje aṣáájú-ọnà pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ DAMS ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Albon jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull Junior Team láti ọdún 2008 sí 2012. Ní ọdún 2019, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn pẹ̀lú Scuderia Toro Rosso, ó sì ṣe ìfarahàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú Formula One. Lẹ́yìn eré ìje méjìlá, wọ́n gbé e sókè sí ẹgbẹ́ àgbà, Red Bull Racing, láti rọ́pò Pierre Gasly kí ó lè jẹ́ alábàákẹ́gbẹ́ Max Verstappen. Ní ọdún 2020, ó di awakọ̀ àkọ́kọ́ láti Thailand tó dé ipò mẹ́ta àkọ́kọ́ (podium) nínú Formula One. Ó tún ṣe àṣeyọrí yìí lẹ́ẹ̀kejì ní eré ìje Bahrain Grand Prix. Ní ọdún 2021, Sergio Pérez rọ́pò rẹ̀ ní Red Bull. Albon sì di awakọ̀ ìpamọ́ (reserve driver) fún Red Bull àti Scuderia AlphaTauri. Ní ọdún náà, ó tún dije nínú DTM pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull AF Corse lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ Liam Lawson. Ní ọdún 2022, Albon darapọ̀ mọ́ Williams Racing láti rọ́pò George Russell, èyí sì parí ìbáṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Red Bull ní òpin àkókò eré náà. Ó bá a lọ pẹ̀lú Williams ní àwọn àkókò eré 2023, 2024 àti 2025, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹjọ, èyí tó ga jù lọ láàárín àwọn awakọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ àárín (midfield). Títí di eré ìje Formula One tó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ parí jù lọ, Albon ti gba ipò podium lẹ́ẹ̀mejì, ó sì ti ṣe ìyípo tó yára jù (fastest lap) lẹ́ẹ̀kan. Ó ní àdéhùn láti bá Williams ṣiṣẹ́ títí di ìparí àkókò eré 2027 ní ó kéré tán. ==itokasi== bxoxd4dygjf2sw8gc667eqsovgp0262 624939 624938 2026-07-02T08:28:21Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Thai and British racing driver (born 1996)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Use British English|date=February 2019}} {{redirect-distinguish|Albono|Abono|Albano|Albo|Bono}} {{Infobox person | name = Alex Albon | native_name = {{nobold|อเล็กซ์ อัลบอน}} | native_name_lang = th | image = Alex Albon (cropped).jpg | caption = Albon in 2024 | birth_name = Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|3|23|df=y}} | birth_place = [[London]], England<!-- Just the city and the country when it’s a major city, no overly specific areas such as “Westminster”. --> | parents = [[Nigel Albon]] (father) | relatives = [[Mark Albon]] (uncle) | partners = [[Muni "Lily" He]] (2019–present; engaged) | website = {{URL|https://www.alexalbon.com/}} | module = {{Infobox F1 driver|embed=yes | nationality = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|Thai]] <!-- Please leave the 2026 team in the infobox until at least 1 January 2027, per WP:F1 convention --> | 2026 Team = [[Williams Racing|Atlassian Williams]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] | car_number = 23 | races = {{F1stat|ALB|entries}} ({{F1stat|ALB|starts}} starts) | championships = 0 | wins = {{F1stat|ALB|wins}} | podiums = {{F1stat|ALB|podiums}} | points = {{F1stat|ALB|careerpoints}} | poles = {{F1stat|ALB|poles}} | fastest_laps = {{F1stat|ALB|fastestlaps}} | first_race = [[2019 Australian Grand Prix]] | first_win = | last_win = | last_race = {{latest F1GP}} | last_season = 2025 | last_position = 8th (73 pts) }} | module2 = {{Infobox racing driver|embed=yes | prev_series = {{plainlist| * [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] * [[FIA Formula 2]] * [[GP3 Series]] * [[FIA F3 European]] * [[Formula Renault NEC]] * [[Formula Renault Eurocup]] * [[Formula Renault 2.0 Alps]] }} | prev_series_years = {{plainlist| * [[2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|2021]] * {{F2|2017}}–{{F2|2018}} * [[2016 GP3 Series|2016]] * {{FIAF3|2015}} * [[2013 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2013]]–[[2014 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2014]] * [[2012 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2012]]–[[2014 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2014]] * [[2012 Formula Renault 2.0 Alps Series|2012]] }} | titles = | title_years = | awards = {{plainlist| * [[FIA Prize Giving Ceremony#Rookie of the Year|FIA Rookie of the Year]] * [[Autosport Awards#Rookie of the Year|Autosport Rookie of the Year]] }} | award_years = {{plainlist| * 2019 * 2019 }} }} }} '''Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha''' (àbí Alex Albon; bí ní ọjọ́ 23 oṣù Kẹta, ọdún 1996) jẹ́ awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Ó ń dije lábẹ́ àsíá orílẹ̀-èdè Thailand nínú Formula One fún ẹgbẹ́ Williams Racing. A bí Albon ní Westminster, ó sì dàgbà ní Suffolk. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Nigel Albon, awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, àti aya rẹ̀ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand. Ó tún jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀gbọ́n Mark Albon. Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ aṣeyọrí rẹ̀ nínú eré ìje karting—níbi tí ó ti gba akọ́lé World Cup àti European Championship fún àwọn ọdọ ní ọdún 2010—Albon gbé sí ìpele àwọn eré ìje junior formulae. Ó dije nínú Formula Renault Eurocup láti ọdún 2012 sí 2014, lẹ́yìn náà ó darapọ̀ mọ́ FIA Formula 3 European Championship. Ní ọdún 2016, ó lọ sí GP3 Series, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì lẹ́yìn Charles Leclerc ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ ART. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó gòkè sí FIA Formula 2, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹta nínú ìdíje aṣáájú-ọnà pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ DAMS ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Albon jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull Junior Team láti ọdún 2008 sí 2012. Ní ọdún 2019, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn pẹ̀lú Scuderia Toro Rosso, ó sì ṣe ìfarahàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú Formula One. Lẹ́yìn eré ìje méjìlá, wọ́n gbé e sókè sí ẹgbẹ́ àgbà, Red Bull Racing, láti rọ́pò Pierre Gasly kí ó lè jẹ́ alábàákẹ́gbẹ́ Max Verstappen. Ní ọdún 2020, ó di awakọ̀ àkọ́kọ́ láti Thailand tó dé ipò mẹ́ta àkọ́kọ́ (podium) nínú Formula One. Ó tún ṣe àṣeyọrí yìí lẹ́ẹ̀kejì ní eré ìje Bahrain Grand Prix. Ní ọdún 2021, Sergio Pérez rọ́pò rẹ̀ ní Red Bull. Albon sì di awakọ̀ ìpamọ́ (reserve driver) fún Red Bull àti Scuderia AlphaTauri. Ní ọdún náà, ó tún dije nínú DTM pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull AF Corse lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ Liam Lawson. Ní ọdún 2022, Albon darapọ̀ mọ́ Williams Racing láti rọ́pò George Russell, èyí sì parí ìbáṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Red Bull ní òpin àkókò eré náà. Ó bá a lọ pẹ̀lú Williams ní àwọn àkókò eré 2023, 2024 àti 2025, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹjọ, èyí tó ga jù lọ láàárín àwọn awakọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ àárín (midfield). Títí di eré ìje Formula One tó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ parí jù lọ, Albon ti gba ipò podium lẹ́ẹ̀mejì, ó sì ti ṣe ìyípo tó yára jù (fastest lap) lẹ́ẹ̀kan. Ó ní àdéhùn láti bá Williams ṣiṣẹ́ títí di ìparí àkókò eré 2027 ní ó kéré tán. ==Karting record== === Karting career summary === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align:center" !Season !Series !Team !Position |- ! rowspan="3" |2006 | align="left" |Kartmasters British Grand Prix — Comer Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — Comer Cadet | align="left" | |17th |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — Honda Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- ! rowspan="4" |2007 | align="left" |Kartmasters British Grand Prix — Comer Cadet | align="left" | |6th |- | align="left" |British Open Championship — Honda Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''3rd''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — Comer Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |MSA British Championship — Cadet | align="left" | |4th |- ! rowspan="3" |2008 | align="left" |Kartmasters British Grand Prix — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |BRDC Stars of Tomorrow Championship — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''3rd''' |- ! rowspan="4" |2009 | align="left" |Formula Kart Stars — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |KF Winter Series — [[KF3]] | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |WSK International Series — [[KF3]] | align="left" |Mick Barrett Racing |5th |- ! rowspan="6" |2010 | align="left" |South Garda Winter Cup — [[KF3]] | rowspan="6" |Intrepid Driver Program | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''3rd''' |- | align="left" |[[Andrea Margutti Trophy]] — [[KF3]] |NC |- | align="left" |[[2010 WSK Euro Series#KF3 Standings|WSK Euro Series]] — [[KF3]] | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |[[CIK-FIA Karting European Championship|CIK-FIA European Championship]] — [[KF3]] | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Karting World Championship|CIK-FIA World Cup]] — [[KF3]] | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Junior Monaco Kart Cup|Monaco Kart Cup]] — [[KF3]] |4th |- ! rowspan="4" |2011 | align="left" |South Garda Winter Cup — [[KF2]] | rowspan="4" align="left" |Intrepid Driver Program |4th |- | align="left" |[[WSK Super Master Series]] — [[KF2]] |10th |- | align="left" |[[WSK Euro Series]] — [[KF1]] | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |[[Karting World Championship|CIK-FIA World Championship]] — [[KF1]] | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- ! colspan="4" |Sources:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alex Albon {{!}} Racing career profile {{!}} Driver Database|url=https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/alexander-albon/|access-date=5 December 2021|website=www.driverdb.com|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090043/https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/alexander-albon/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=kartcom|date=13 March 2019|title=Albon Alexander|url=https://www.kartcom.com/en/pilot/albon-alexander/|access-date=5 December 2021|language=en-US|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205080755/https://www.kartcom.com/en/pilot/albon-alexander/|url-status=live}}</ref> |} ==itokasi== 7ouyxdynzggfxpw7d44qg07wk6wzcpx 624940 624939 2026-07-02T08:28:55Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Thai and British racing driver (born 1996)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Use British English|date=February 2019}} {{redirect-distinguish|Albono|Abono|Albano|Albo|Bono}} {{Infobox person | name = Alex Albon | native_name = {{nobold|อเล็กซ์ อัลบอน}} | native_name_lang = th | image = Alex Albon (cropped).jpg | caption = Albon in 2024 | birth_name = Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|3|23|df=y}} | birth_place = [[London]], England<!-- Just the city and the country when it’s a major city, no overly specific areas such as “Westminster”. --> | parents = [[Nigel Albon]] (father) | relatives = [[Mark Albon]] (uncle) | partners = [[Muni "Lily" He]] (2019–present; engaged) | website = {{URL|https://www.alexalbon.com/}} | module = {{Infobox F1 driver|embed=yes | nationality = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|Thai]] <!-- Please leave the 2026 team in the infobox until at least 1 January 2027, per WP:F1 convention --> | 2026 Team = [[Williams Racing|Atlassian Williams]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] | car_number = 23 | races = {{F1stat|ALB|entries}} ({{F1stat|ALB|starts}} starts) | championships = 0 | wins = {{F1stat|ALB|wins}} | podiums = {{F1stat|ALB|podiums}} | points = {{F1stat|ALB|careerpoints}} | poles = {{F1stat|ALB|poles}} | fastest_laps = {{F1stat|ALB|fastestlaps}} | first_race = [[2019 Australian Grand Prix]] | first_win = | last_win = | last_race = {{latest F1GP}} | last_season = 2025 | last_position = 8th (73 pts) }} | module2 = {{Infobox racing driver|embed=yes | prev_series = {{plainlist| * [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] * [[FIA Formula 2]] * [[GP3 Series]] * [[FIA F3 European]] * [[Formula Renault NEC]] * [[Formula Renault Eurocup]] * [[Formula Renault 2.0 Alps]] }} | prev_series_years = {{plainlist| * [[2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|2021]] * {{F2|2017}}–{{F2|2018}} * [[2016 GP3 Series|2016]] * {{FIAF3|2015}} * [[2013 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2013]]–[[2014 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2014]] * [[2012 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2012]]–[[2014 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2014]] * [[2012 Formula Renault 2.0 Alps Series|2012]] }} | titles = | title_years = | awards = {{plainlist| * [[FIA Prize Giving Ceremony#Rookie of the Year|FIA Rookie of the Year]] * [[Autosport Awards#Rookie of the Year|Autosport Rookie of the Year]] }} | award_years = {{plainlist| * 2019 * 2019 }} }} }} '''Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha''' (àbí Alex Albon; bí ní ọjọ́ 23 oṣù Kẹta, ọdún 1996) jẹ́ awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Ó ń dije lábẹ́ àsíá orílẹ̀-èdè Thailand nínú Formula One fún ẹgbẹ́ Williams Racing. A bí Albon ní Westminster, ó sì dàgbà ní Suffolk. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Nigel Albon, awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, àti aya rẹ̀ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand. Ó tún jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀gbọ́n Mark Albon. Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ aṣeyọrí rẹ̀ nínú eré ìje karting—níbi tí ó ti gba akọ́lé World Cup àti European Championship fún àwọn ọdọ ní ọdún 2010—Albon gbé sí ìpele àwọn eré ìje junior formulae. Ó dije nínú Formula Renault Eurocup láti ọdún 2012 sí 2014, lẹ́yìn náà ó darapọ̀ mọ́ FIA Formula 3 European Championship. Ní ọdún 2016, ó lọ sí GP3 Series, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì lẹ́yìn Charles Leclerc ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ ART. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó gòkè sí FIA Formula 2, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹta nínú ìdíje aṣáájú-ọnà pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ DAMS ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Albon jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull Junior Team láti ọdún 2008 sí 2012. Ní ọdún 2019, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn pẹ̀lú Scuderia Toro Rosso, ó sì ṣe ìfarahàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú Formula One. Lẹ́yìn eré ìje méjìlá, wọ́n gbé e sókè sí ẹgbẹ́ àgbà, Red Bull Racing, láti rọ́pò Pierre Gasly kí ó lè jẹ́ alábàákẹ́gbẹ́ Max Verstappen. Ní ọdún 2020, ó di awakọ̀ àkọ́kọ́ láti Thailand tó dé ipò mẹ́ta àkọ́kọ́ (podium) nínú Formula One. Ó tún ṣe àṣeyọrí yìí lẹ́ẹ̀kejì ní eré ìje Bahrain Grand Prix. Ní ọdún 2021, Sergio Pérez rọ́pò rẹ̀ ní Red Bull. Albon sì di awakọ̀ ìpamọ́ (reserve driver) fún Red Bull àti Scuderia AlphaTauri. Ní ọdún náà, ó tún dije nínú DTM pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull AF Corse lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ Liam Lawson. Ní ọdún 2022, Albon darapọ̀ mọ́ Williams Racing láti rọ́pò George Russell, èyí sì parí ìbáṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Red Bull ní òpin àkókò eré náà. Ó bá a lọ pẹ̀lú Williams ní àwọn àkókò eré 2023, 2024 àti 2025, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹjọ, èyí tó ga jù lọ láàárín àwọn awakọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ àárín (midfield). Títí di eré ìje Formula One tó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ parí jù lọ, Albon ti gba ipò podium lẹ́ẹ̀mejì, ó sì ti ṣe ìyípo tó yára jù (fastest lap) lẹ́ẹ̀kan. Ó ní àdéhùn láti bá Williams ṣiṣẹ́ títí di ìparí àkókò eré 2027 ní ó kéré tán. ==Ìgbasilẹ Karting== === Àkótán iṣẹ́ karting === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align:center" !Season !Series !Team !Position |- ! rowspan="3" |2006 | align="left" |Kartmasters British Grand Prix — Comer Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — Comer Cadet | align="left" | |17th |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — Honda Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- ! rowspan="4" |2007 | align="left" |Kartmasters British Grand Prix — Comer Cadet | align="left" | |6th |- | align="left" |British Open Championship — Honda Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''3rd''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — Comer Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |MSA British Championship — Cadet | align="left" | |4th |- ! rowspan="3" |2008 | align="left" |Kartmasters British Grand Prix — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |BRDC Stars of Tomorrow Championship — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''3rd''' |- ! rowspan="4" |2009 | align="left" |Formula Kart Stars — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |KF Winter Series — [[KF3]] | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |WSK International Series — [[KF3]] | align="left" |Mick Barrett Racing |5th |- ! rowspan="6" |2010 | align="left" |South Garda Winter Cup — [[KF3]] | rowspan="6" |Intrepid Driver Program | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''3rd''' |- | align="left" |[[Andrea Margutti Trophy]] — [[KF3]] |NC |- | align="left" |[[2010 WSK Euro Series#KF3 Standings|WSK Euro Series]] — [[KF3]] | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |[[CIK-FIA Karting European Championship|CIK-FIA European Championship]] — [[KF3]] | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Karting World Championship|CIK-FIA World Cup]] — [[KF3]] | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Junior Monaco Kart Cup|Monaco Kart Cup]] — [[KF3]] |4th |- ! rowspan="4" |2011 | align="left" |South Garda Winter Cup — [[KF2]] | rowspan="4" align="left" |Intrepid Driver Program |4th |- | align="left" |[[WSK Super Master Series]] — [[KF2]] |10th |- | align="left" |[[WSK Euro Series]] — [[KF1]] | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |[[Karting World Championship|CIK-FIA World Championship]] — [[KF1]] | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- ! colspan="4" |Sources:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alex Albon {{!}} Racing career profile {{!}} Driver Database|url=https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/alexander-albon/|access-date=5 December 2021|website=www.driverdb.com|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090043/https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/alexander-albon/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=kartcom|date=13 March 2019|title=Albon Alexander|url=https://www.kartcom.com/en/pilot/albon-alexander/|access-date=5 December 2021|language=en-US|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205080755/https://www.kartcom.com/en/pilot/albon-alexander/|url-status=live}}</ref> |} ==itokasi== j8qz6g4cozk7mgh7d8sw6yszhc61n9w 624941 624940 2026-07-02T08:29:34Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Thai and British racing driver (born 1996)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Use British English|date=February 2019}} {{redirect-distinguish|Albono|Abono|Albano|Albo|Bono}} {{Infobox person | name = Alex Albon | native_name = {{nobold|อเล็กซ์ อัลบอน}} | native_name_lang = th | image = Alex Albon (cropped).jpg | caption = Albon in 2024 | birth_name = Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|3|23|df=y}} | birth_place = [[London]], England<!-- Just the city and the country when it’s a major city, no overly specific areas such as “Westminster”. --> | parents = [[Nigel Albon]] (father) | relatives = [[Mark Albon]] (uncle) | partners = [[Muni "Lily" He]] (2019–present; engaged) | website = {{URL|https://www.alexalbon.com/}} | module = {{Infobox F1 driver|embed=yes | nationality = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|Thai]] <!-- Please leave the 2026 team in the infobox until at least 1 January 2027, per WP:F1 convention --> | 2026 Team = [[Williams Racing|Atlassian Williams]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] | car_number = 23 | races = {{F1stat|ALB|entries}} ({{F1stat|ALB|starts}} starts) | championships = 0 | wins = {{F1stat|ALB|wins}} | podiums = {{F1stat|ALB|podiums}} | points = {{F1stat|ALB|careerpoints}} | poles = {{F1stat|ALB|poles}} | fastest_laps = {{F1stat|ALB|fastestlaps}} | first_race = [[2019 Australian Grand Prix]] | first_win = | last_win = | last_race = {{latest F1GP}} | last_season = 2025 | last_position = 8th (73 pts) }} | module2 = {{Infobox racing driver|embed=yes | prev_series = {{plainlist| * [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] * [[FIA Formula 2]] * [[GP3 Series]] * [[FIA F3 European]] * [[Formula Renault NEC]] * [[Formula Renault Eurocup]] * [[Formula Renault 2.0 Alps]] }} | prev_series_years = {{plainlist| * [[2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|2021]] * {{F2|2017}}–{{F2|2018}} * [[2016 GP3 Series|2016]] * {{FIAF3|2015}} * [[2013 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2013]]–[[2014 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2014]] * [[2012 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2012]]–[[2014 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2014]] * [[2012 Formula Renault 2.0 Alps Series|2012]] }} | titles = | title_years = | awards = {{plainlist| * [[FIA Prize Giving Ceremony#Rookie of the Year|FIA Rookie of the Year]] * [[Autosport Awards#Rookie of the Year|Autosport Rookie of the Year]] }} | award_years = {{plainlist| * 2019 * 2019 }} }} }} '''Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha''' (àbí Alex Albon; bí ní ọjọ́ 23 oṣù Kẹta, ọdún 1996) jẹ́ awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Ó ń dije lábẹ́ àsíá orílẹ̀-èdè Thailand nínú Formula One fún ẹgbẹ́ Williams Racing. A bí Albon ní Westminster, ó sì dàgbà ní Suffolk. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Nigel Albon, awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, àti aya rẹ̀ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand. Ó tún jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀gbọ́n Mark Albon. Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ aṣeyọrí rẹ̀ nínú eré ìje karting—níbi tí ó ti gba akọ́lé World Cup àti European Championship fún àwọn ọdọ ní ọdún 2010—Albon gbé sí ìpele àwọn eré ìje junior formulae. Ó dije nínú Formula Renault Eurocup láti ọdún 2012 sí 2014, lẹ́yìn náà ó darapọ̀ mọ́ FIA Formula 3 European Championship. Ní ọdún 2016, ó lọ sí GP3 Series, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì lẹ́yìn Charles Leclerc ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ ART. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó gòkè sí FIA Formula 2, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹta nínú ìdíje aṣáájú-ọnà pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ DAMS ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Albon jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull Junior Team láti ọdún 2008 sí 2012. Ní ọdún 2019, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn pẹ̀lú Scuderia Toro Rosso, ó sì ṣe ìfarahàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú Formula One. Lẹ́yìn eré ìje méjìlá, wọ́n gbé e sókè sí ẹgbẹ́ àgbà, Red Bull Racing, láti rọ́pò Pierre Gasly kí ó lè jẹ́ alábàákẹ́gbẹ́ Max Verstappen. Ní ọdún 2020, ó di awakọ̀ àkọ́kọ́ láti Thailand tó dé ipò mẹ́ta àkọ́kọ́ (podium) nínú Formula One. Ó tún ṣe àṣeyọrí yìí lẹ́ẹ̀kejì ní eré ìje Bahrain Grand Prix. Ní ọdún 2021, Sergio Pérez rọ́pò rẹ̀ ní Red Bull. Albon sì di awakọ̀ ìpamọ́ (reserve driver) fún Red Bull àti Scuderia AlphaTauri. Ní ọdún náà, ó tún dije nínú DTM pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull AF Corse lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ Liam Lawson. Ní ọdún 2022, Albon darapọ̀ mọ́ Williams Racing láti rọ́pò George Russell, èyí sì parí ìbáṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Red Bull ní òpin àkókò eré náà. Ó bá a lọ pẹ̀lú Williams ní àwọn àkókò eré 2023, 2024 àti 2025, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹjọ, èyí tó ga jù lọ láàárín àwọn awakọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ àárín (midfield). Títí di eré ìje Formula One tó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ parí jù lọ, Albon ti gba ipò podium lẹ́ẹ̀mejì, ó sì ti ṣe ìyípo tó yára jù (fastest lap) lẹ́ẹ̀kan. Ó ní àdéhùn láti bá Williams ṣiṣẹ́ títí di ìparí àkókò eré 2027 ní ó kéré tán. ==Ìgbasilẹ Karting== === Àkótán iṣẹ́ karting === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align:center" !Season !Series !Team !Position |- ! rowspan="3" |2006 | align="left" |Kartmasters British Grand Prix — Comer Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — Comer Cadet | align="left" | |17th |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — Honda Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- ! rowspan="4" |2007 | align="left" |Kartmasters British Grand Prix — Comer Cadet | align="left" | |6th |- | align="left" |British Open Championship — Honda Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''3rd''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — Comer Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |MSA British Championship — Cadet | align="left" | |4th |- ! rowspan="3" |2008 | align="left" |Kartmasters British Grand Prix — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |BRDC Stars of Tomorrow Championship — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''3rd''' |- ! rowspan="4" |2009 | align="left" |Formula Kart Stars — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |KF Winter Series — [[KF3]] | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |WSK International Series — [[KF3]] | align="left" |Mick Barrett Racing |5th |- ! rowspan="6" |2010 | align="left" |South Garda Winter Cup — [[KF3]] | rowspan="6" |Intrepid Driver Program | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''3rd''' |- | align="left" |[[Andrea Margutti Trophy]] — [[KF3]] |NC |- | align="left" |[[2010 WSK Euro Series#KF3 Standings|WSK Euro Series]] — [[KF3]] | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |[[CIK-FIA Karting European Championship|CIK-FIA European Championship]] — [[KF3]] | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Karting World Championship|CIK-FIA World Cup]] — [[KF3]] | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Junior Monaco Kart Cup|Monaco Kart Cup]] — [[KF3]] |4th |- ! rowspan="4" |2011 | align="left" |South Garda Winter Cup — [[KF2]] | rowspan="4" align="left" |Intrepid Driver Program |4th |- | align="left" |[[WSK Super Master Series]] — [[KF2]] |10th |- | align="left" |[[WSK Euro Series]] — [[KF1]] | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |[[Karting World Championship|CIK-FIA World Championship]] — [[KF1]] | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- ! colspan="4" |Sources:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alex Albon {{!}} Racing career profile {{!}} Driver Database|url=https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/alexander-albon/|access-date=5 December 2021|website=www.driverdb.com|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090043/https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/alexander-albon/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=kartcom|date=13 March 2019|title=Albon Alexander|url=https://www.kartcom.com/en/pilot/albon-alexander/|access-date=5 December 2021|language=en-US|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205080755/https://www.kartcom.com/en/pilot/albon-alexander/|url-status=live}}</ref> |} ! Points |- | [[2013 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2013]] ! [[Keerbergs Transport Racing|KTR]] | style="background:#cfcfff;" |[[Hockenheimring|HOC<br>1]]<br>{{small|32}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |[[Hockenheimring|HOC<br>2]]<br>{{small|9}} | style="background:#cfcfff;" |[[Hockenheimring|HOC<br>3]]<br>{{small|23}} |[[Nürburgring|NÜR<br>1]] |[[Nürburgring|NÜR<br>2]] |[[Silverstone Circuit|SIL<br>1]] |[[Silverstone Circuit|SIL<br>2]] |[[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA<br>1]] |[[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA<br>2]] |[[TT Circuit Assen|ASS<br>1]] |[[TT Circuit Assen|ASS<br>2]] | style="background:#dfffdf;" |[[Autodrom Most|MST<br>1]]<br>{{small|8}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |[[Autodrom Most|MST<br>2]]<br>{{small|9}} | style="background:#dfdfdf;" |''[[Autodrom Most|MST<br>3]]''<br>{{small|2}} |[[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN<br>1]] |[[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN<br>2]] |[[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN<br>3]] ! 22nd ! 61 |- | [[2014 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2014]] !nowrap| [[Keerbergs Transport Racing|KTR]] | style="background:#dfffdf;" | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ<br>1]]<br>{{small|6}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ<br>2]]<br>{{small|18}} | [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL<br>1]] | [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL<br>2]] | [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br>1]] | [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br>2]] | [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br>3]] | [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA<br>1]] | [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA<br>2]] | style="background:#dfffdf;" | [[TT Circuit Assen|ASS<br>1]]<br>{{small|5}} | style="background:#efcfff;" | [[TT Circuit Assen|ASS<br>2]]<br>{{small|Ret}} | style="background:#dfdfdf;" | [[Autodrom Most|MST<br>1]]<br>{{small|2}} | style="background:#ffffbf;" | ''[[Autodrom Most|MST<br>2]]''<br>{{small|1}} | style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[Autodrom Most|MST<br>3]]<br>{{small|C}} | [[Nürburgring|NÜR<br>1]] | [[Nürburgring|NÜR<br>2]] | [[Nürburgring|NÜR<br>3]] ! 17th ! 88 |} === Complete FIA Formula 3 European Championship results === ([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap) {{Wide table start}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%" |- ! Year ! Entrant ! Engine ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! 5 ! 6 ! 7 ! 8 ! 9 ! 10 ! 11 ! 12 ! 13 ! 14 ! 15 ! 16 ! 17 ! 18 ! 19 ! 20 ! 21 ! 22 ! 23 ! 24 ! 25 ! 26 ! 27 ! 28 ! 29 ! 30 ! 31 ! 32 ! 33 ! DC ! Points |- |id=2015R| {{FIAF3|2015}} !nowrap| [[Signature Team|Signature]] !nowrap| [[Volkswagen]] |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL<br />1]]<br />{{small|4}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL<br />2]]<br />{{small|6}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL<br />3]]<br />{{small|6}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br />1]]<br />{{small|13}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br />2]]<br />{{small|8}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br />3]]<br />{{small|9}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Pau Grand Prix|PAU<br />1]]<br />{{small|5}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Pau Grand Prix|PAU<br />2]]<br />{{small|7}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Pau Grand Prix|PAU<br />3]]<br />{{small|NC}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ<br />1]]<br />{{small|21}} |style="background:#FFFFFF;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ<br />2]]<br />{{small|WD}} |style="background:#FFFFFF;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ<br />3]]<br />{{small|WD}} |style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA<br />1]]<br />{{small|3}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA<br />2]]<br />{{small|16}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA<br />3]]<br />{{small|9}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| ''[[Norisring|NOR<br />1]]''<br />{{small|5}} |style="background:#DFDFDF;"| '''[[Norisring|NOR<br />2]]'''<br />{{small|2}} |style="background:#FFDF9F;"| '''[[Norisring|NOR<br />3]]'''<br />{{small|3}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN<br />1]]<br />{{small|7}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN<br />2]]<br />{{small|4}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN<br />3]]<br />{{small|8}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR<br />1]]<br />{{small|7}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR<br />2]]<br />{{small|5}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR<br />3]]<br />{{small|8}} |style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|ALG<br />1]]<br />{{small|2}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|ALG<br />2]]<br />{{small|12}} |style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|ALG<br />3]]<br />{{small|Ret}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR<br />1]]<br />{{small|12}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR<br />2]]<br />{{small|14}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR<br />3]]<br />{{small|11}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br />1]]<br />{{small|11}} |style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br />2]]<br />{{small|Ret}} |style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br />3]]<br />{{small|2}} ! 7th ! 187 |} {{Wide table end}} === Complete Macau Grand Prix results === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Year ! Team ! Car ! Qualifying ! Quali Race ! Main race |- ! [[2015 Macau Grand Prix|2015]] | align="left" | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Signature Team|Signature]] | align="left" | [[Dallara F312]] | 15th | DNF | 13th |} ===Complete GP3 Series results=== ([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap) {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%" ! Year ! Entrant ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! 5 ! 6 ! 7 ! 8 ! 9 ! 10 ! 11 ! 12 ! 13 ! 14 ! 15 ! 16 ! 17 ! 18 ! Pos ! Points |- |id=2016R| [[2016 GP3 Series|2016]] !nowrap| [[ART Grand Prix]] |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2016 Catalunya GP3 Series round|CAT<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|6}} |style="background:#FFFFBF;"| [[2016 Catalunya GP3 Series round|CAT<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|1}} |style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[2016 Red Bull Ring GP3 Series round|RBR<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|2}} |style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[2016 Red Bull Ring GP3 Series round|RBR<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|2}} |style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''''[[2016 Silverstone GP3 Series round|SIL<br />FEA]]'''''<br />{{small|1}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2016 Silverstone GP3 Series round|SIL<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|14}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2016 Hungaroring GP3 Series round|HUN<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|7}} |style="background:#FFFFBF;"| ''[[2016 Hungaroring GP3 Series round|HUN<br />SPR]]''<br />{{small|1}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| '''[[2016 Hockenheimring GP3 Series round|HOC<br />FEA]]'''<br />{{small|4}} |style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2016 Hockenheimring GP3 Series round|HOC<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|Ret}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2016 Spa-Francorchamps GP3 Series round|SPA<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|9}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2016 Spa-Francorchamps GP3 Series round|SPA<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|10}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2016 Monza GP3 Series round|MNZ<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|6}} |style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[2016 Monza GP3 Series round|MNZ<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|2}} |style="background:#FFFFBF;"| ''[[2016 Sepang GP3 Series round|SEP<br />FEA]]''<br />{{small|1}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2016 Sepang GP3 Series round|SEP<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|8}} |style="background:#EFCFFF;"| '''[[2016 Yas Marina GP3 Series round|YMC<br />FEA]]'''<br />{{small|Ret}} |style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2016 Yas Marina GP3 Series round|YMC<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|Ret}} !style="background:#DFDFDF;"| 2nd !style="background:#DFDFDF;"| 177 |} ===Complete FIA Formula 2 Championship results=== ([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate points for the fastest lap of top ten finishers) {{Wide table start}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%" ! Year ! Entrant ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! 5 ! 6 ! 7 ! 8 ! 9 ! 10 ! 11 ! 12 ! 13 ! 14 ! 15 ! 16 ! 17 ! 18 ! 19 ! 20 ! 21 ! 22 ! 23 ! 24 ! DC ! Points |- |id=2017R| {{F2|2017}} !nowrap| [[ART Grand Prix]] |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2017 Sakhir Formula 2 round|BHR<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|6}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2017 Sakhir Formula 2 round|BHR<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|7}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2017 Barcelona Formula 2 round|CAT<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|5}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2017 Barcelona Formula 2 round|CAT<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|8}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2017 Monte Carlo Formula 2 round|MON<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|4}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2017 Monte Carlo Formula 2 round|MON<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|6}} | [[2017 Baku Formula 2 round|BAK<br />FEA]] | [[2017 Baku Formula 2 round|BAK<br />SPR]] |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2017 Spielberg Formula 2 round|RBR<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|5}} |style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[2017 Spielberg Formula 2 round|RBR<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|2}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2017 Silverstone Formula 2 round|SIL<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|18}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2017 Silverstone Formula 2 round|SIL<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|10}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2017 Budapest Formula 2 round|HUN<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|8}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2017 Budapest Formula 2 round|HUN<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|7}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2017 Spa-Francorchamps Formula 2 round|SPA<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|12}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2017 Spa-Francorchamps Formula 2 round|SPA<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|18}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2017 Monza Formula 2 round|MNZ<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|14}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2017 Monza Formula 2 round|MNZ<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|8}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2017 Jerez Formula 2 round|JER<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|12}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2017 Jerez Formula 2 round|JER<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|9}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| ''[[2017 Yas Island Formula 2 round|YMC<br />FEA]]''<br />{{small|7}} |style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[2017 Yas Island Formula 2 round|YMC<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|2}} |colspan=2| ! 10th ! 86 |- |id=2018R| {{F2|2018}} !nowrap| [[DAMS]] |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2018 Sakhir Formula 2 round|BHR<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|4}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2018 Sakhir Formula 2 round|BHR<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|13}} |style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''[[2018 Baku Formula 2 round|BAK<br />FEA]]'''<br />{{small|1}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2018 Baku Formula 2 round|BAK<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|13}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| '''[[2018 Barcelona Formula 2 round|CAT<br />FEA]]'''<br />{{small|5}} |style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[2018 Barcelona Formula 2 round|CAT<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|2}} |style="background:#EFCFFF;"| '''[[2018 Monte Carlo Formula 2 round|MON<br />FEA]]'''<br />{{small|Ret}} |style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2018 Monte Carlo Formula 2 round|MON<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|Ret}} |style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2018 Le Castellet Formula 2 round|LEC<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|Ret}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2018 Le Castellet Formula 2 round|LEC<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|7}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2018 Spielberg Formula 2 round|RBR<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|5}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2018 Spielberg Formula 2 round|RBR<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|5}} |style="background:#FFFFBF;"| [[2018 Silverstone Formula 2 round|SIL<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|1}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2018 Silverstone Formula 2 round|SIL<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|7}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2018 Budapest Formula 2 round|HUN<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|5}} |style="background:#FFFFBF;"| [[2018 Budapest Formula 2 round|HUN<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|1}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2018 Spa-Francorchamps Formula 2 round|SPA<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|5}} |style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[2018 Spa-Francorchamps Formula 2 round|SPA<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|3}} |style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[2018 Monza Formula 2 round|MNZ<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|3}} |style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2018 Monza Formula 2 round|MNZ<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|Ret}} |style="background:#FFFFBF;"| [[2018 Sochi Formula 2 round|SOC<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|1}} |style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[2018 Sochi Formula 2 round|SOC<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|3}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2018 Yas Island Formula 2 round|YMC<br />FEA]]<br />{{small|14}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2018 Yas Island Formula 2 round|YMC<br />SPR]]<br />{{small|8}} !style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 3rd !style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 212 |} {{Wide table end}} ===Complete Formula One results=== ([[:Template:F1 driver results legend 2|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position; races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap) {{Wide table start}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%" ! Year ! Entrant ! Chassis ! Engine ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! 5 ! 6 ! 7 ! 8 ! 9 ! 10 ! 11 ! 12 ! 13 ! 14 ! 15 ! 16 ! 17 ! 18 ! 19 ! 20 ! 21 ! 22 ! 23 ! 24 ! {{Abbr|WDC|World Drivers' Championship standing}} ! [[List of Formula One World Championship points scoring systems|Points]] |- |id=2019R rowspan=2| {{F1|2019}} !nowrap| [[Red Bull Toro Rosso Honda]] !nowrap| [[Scuderia Toro Rosso]] [[Scuderia Toro Rosso STR14|STR14]] !rowspan=2 nowrap| [[Honda in Formula One|Honda]] RA619H 1.6 [[V6 engine|V6]] [[Turbocharger|t]] |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2019 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]<br>{{small|14}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 Bahrain Grand Prix|BHR]]<br>{{small|9}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br>{{small|10}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2019 Azerbaijan Grand Prix|AZE]]<br>{{small|11}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2019 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]<br>{{small|11}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br>{{small|8}} |style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2019 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]<br>{{small|Ret}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2019 French Grand Prix|FRA]]<br>{{small|15}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2019 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]<br>{{small|15}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2019 British Grand Prix|GBR]]<br>{{small|12}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 German Grand Prix|GER]]<br>{{small|6}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]<br>{{small|10}} |colspan=12| !rowspan=2| 8th !rowspan=2| 92 |- !nowrap| [[Aston Martin Red Bull Racing]] !nowrap| [[Red Bull Racing]] [[Red Bull Racing RB15|RB15]] |colspan=12| |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]<br>{{small|5}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]<br>{{small|6}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 Singapore Grand Prix|SIN]]<br>{{small|6}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 Russian Grand Prix|RUS]]<br>{{small|5}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br>{{small|4}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]<br>{{small|5}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 United States Grand Prix|USA]]<br>{{small|5}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2019 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]<br>{{small|14}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br>{{small|6}} |colspan=3| |- |id=2020R| {{F1|2020}} !nowrap| [[Aston Martin Red Bull Racing]] !nowrap| [[Red Bull Racing]] [[Red Bull Racing RB16|RB16]] !nowrap| [[Honda in F1|Honda]] RA620H 1.6 [[V6 engine|V6]] [[Turbocharger|t]] | {{F1R2020|ALB|AUT2}} | {{F1R2020|ALB|STY2}} | {{F1R2020|ALB|HUN2}} | {{F1R2020|ALB|GBR2}} | {{F1R2020|ALB|70A2}} | {{F1R2020|ALB|ESP2}} | {{F1R2020|ALB|BEL2}} | {{F1R2020|ALB|ITA2}} | {{F1R2020|ALB|TUS2}} | {{F1R2020|ALB|RUS2}} | {{F1R2020|ALB|EIF2}} | {{F1R2020|ALB|POR2}} | {{F1R2020|ALB|EMI2}} | {{F1R2020|ALB|TUR2}} | {{F1R2020|ALB|BHR2}} | {{F1R2020|ALB|SKH2}} | {{F1R2020|ALB|ABU2}} |colspan=7| ! {{F1R2020|ALB|WDC}} ! {{F1R2020|ALB|points2}} |- |id=2022R|{{F1|2022}} !nowrap|[[Williams Racing]] !nowrap|[[Williams Racing|Williams]] [[Williams FW44|FW44]] !nowrap|[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes-AMG]] F1 M13 [[V6 engine|V6]] [[Turbocharger|t]] | {{F1R2022|ALB|BHR2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|SAU2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|AUS2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|EMI2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|MIA2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|ESP2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|MON2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|AZE2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|CAN2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|GBR2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|AUT2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|FRA2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|HUN2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|BEL2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|NED2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|ITA2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|SIN2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|JPN2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|USA2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|MXC2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|SAP2}} | {{F1R2022|ALB|ABU2}} |colspan=2| ! {{F1R2022|ALB|WDC}} ! {{F1R2022|ALB|points2}} |- | id=2023R|{{F1|2023}} !nowrap| [[Williams Racing]] !nowrap| [[Williams Racing|Williams]] [[Williams FW45|FW45]] !nowrap| [[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes-AMG]] F1 M14 [[V6 engine|V6]] [[Turbocharger|t]] | {{F1R2023|ALB|BHR2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|SAU2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|AUS2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|AZE2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|MIA2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|MON2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|ESP2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|CAN2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|AUT2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|GBR2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|HUN2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|BEL2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|NED2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|ITA2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|SIN2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|JPN2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|QAT2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|USA2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|MXC2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|SAP2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|LVG2}} | {{F1R2023|ALB|ABU2}} |colspan=2| ! {{F1R2023|ALB|WDC}} ! {{F1R2023|ALB|points2}} |- | id=2024R|{{F1|2024}} !nowrap| [[Williams Racing]] !nowrap| [[Williams Racing|Williams]] [[Williams FW46|FW46]] !nowrap| [[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes-AMG]] F1 M15 [[V6 engine|V6]] [[Turbocharger|t]] | {{F1R2024|ALB|BHR2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|SAU2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|AUS2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|JPN2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|CHN2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|MIA2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|EMI2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|MON2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|CAN2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|ESP2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|AUT2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|GBR2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|HUN2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|BEL2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|NED2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|ITA2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|AZE2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|SIN2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|USA2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|MXC2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|SAP2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|LVG2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|QAT2}} | {{F1R2024|ALB|ABU2}} ! {{F1R2024|ALB|WDC}} ! {{F1R2024|ALB|points2}} |- |id=2025R|[[2025 Formula One World Championship|2025]] !nowrap| [[Williams Racing|Atlassian Williams Racing]] !nowrap| [[Williams Racing|Williams]] [[Williams FW47|FW47]] !nowrap| [[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes-AMG]] F1 M16 [[V6 engine|V6]] [[Turbocharger|t]] | {{F1R2025|ALB|AUS2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|CHN2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|JPN2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|BHR2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|SAU2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|MIA2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|EMI2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|MON2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|ESP2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|CAN2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|AUT2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|GBR2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|BEL2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|HUN2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|NED2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|ITA2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|AZE2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|SIN2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|USA2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|MXC2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|SAP2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|LVG2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|QAT2}} | {{F1R2025|ALB|ABU2}} ! {{F1R2025|ALB|WDC}} ! {{F1R2025|ALB|points2}} |- | id=2026R|{{F1|2026}} ! [[Williams Racing|Atlassian Williams F1 Team]] ! [[Williams Racing|Williams]] [[Williams FW48|FW48]] ! [[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes-AMG]] F1 M17 [[V6 engine|V6]] [[Turbocharger|t]] | {{F1R2026|ALB|AUS2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|CHN2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|JPN2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|MIA2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|CAN2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|MON2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|BCN2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|AUT2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|GBR2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|BEL2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|HUN2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|NED2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|ITA2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|ESP2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|AZE2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|SIN2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|USA2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|MXC2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|SAP2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|LVG2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|QAT2}} | {{F1R2026|ALB|ABU2}} |colspan="2"| ! {{F1R2026|ALB|WDC}}* ! {{F1R2026|ALB|points2}}* |} {{Wide table end}} ^{{dagger}} Did not finish, but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance.<br /> {{asterisk}} Season still in progress.<!-- At the end of the season, please hide this footnote rather than deleting it, so it's in place for the following season --> === Complete Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters results === ([[Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap) {{Wide table start}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%" ! Year ! Team ! Car ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! 5 ! 6 ! 7 ! 8 ! 9 ! 10 ! 11 ! 12 ! 13 ! 14 ! 15 ! 16 ! Pos ! Points |- | [[2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|2021]] !nowrap| [[AlphaTauri (fashion brand)|AlphaTauri]] [[AF Corse]] !nowrap| [[Ferrari 488#488 GT3|Ferrari 488 GT3 Evo 2020]] |style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale di Monza|MNZ<br>1]]<br />{{small|3}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale di Monza|MNZ<br>2]]<br />{{small|7}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[EuroSpeedway Lausitz|LAU<br>1]]<br />{{small|5}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[EuroSpeedway Lausitz|LAU<br>2]]<br />{{small|11}} |style="background:#FFDF9F;"| ''[[Circuit Zolder|ZOL<br>1]]''<br />{{small|3}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit Zolder|ZOL<br>2]]<br />{{small|6}} |style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR<br>1]]<br />{{small|Ret}} |style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''[[Nürburgring|NÜR<br>2]]'''<br />{{small|1¹}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR<br>1]]<br />{{small|4}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR<br>2]]<br />{{small|17}} |style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|ASS<br>1]]<br />{{small|Ret}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|ASS<br>2]]<br />{{small|5}} |style="background:#DFDFDF;"| ''[[Hockenheimring|HOC<br>1]]''<br />{{small|2}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| ''[[Hockenheimring|HOC<br>2]]''<br />{{small|6}} | [[Norisring|NOR<br>1]] | [[Norisring|NOR<br>2]] ! 6th ! 130 |} {{Wide table end}} ==itokasi== kqh1so3cbroud047jtaopvhu8r1e1kb 624942 624941 2026-07-02T08:30:51Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Thai and British racing driver (born 1996)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Use British English|date=February 2019}} {{redirect-distinguish|Albono|Abono|Albano|Albo|Bono}} {{Infobox person | name = Alex Albon | native_name = {{nobold|อเล็กซ์ อัลบอน}} | native_name_lang = th | image = Alex Albon (cropped).jpg | caption = Albon in 2024 | birth_name = Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|3|23|df=y}} | birth_place = [[London]], England<!-- Just the city and the country when it’s a major city, no overly specific areas such as “Westminster”. --> | parents = [[Nigel Albon]] (father) | relatives = [[Mark Albon]] (uncle) | partners = [[Muni "Lily" He]] (2019–present; engaged) | website = {{URL|https://www.alexalbon.com/}} | module = {{Infobox F1 driver|embed=yes | nationality = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|Thai]] <!-- Please leave the 2026 team in the infobox until at least 1 January 2027, per WP:F1 convention --> | 2026 Team = [[Williams Racing|Atlassian Williams]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] | car_number = 23 | races = {{F1stat|ALB|entries}} ({{F1stat|ALB|starts}} starts) | championships = 0 | wins = {{F1stat|ALB|wins}} | podiums = {{F1stat|ALB|podiums}} | points = {{F1stat|ALB|careerpoints}} | poles = {{F1stat|ALB|poles}} | fastest_laps = {{F1stat|ALB|fastestlaps}} | first_race = [[2019 Australian Grand Prix]] | first_win = | last_win = | last_race = {{latest F1GP}} | last_season = 2025 | last_position = 8th (73 pts) }} | module2 = {{Infobox racing driver|embed=yes | prev_series = {{plainlist| * [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] * [[FIA Formula 2]] * [[GP3 Series]] * [[FIA F3 European]] * [[Formula Renault NEC]] * [[Formula Renault Eurocup]] * [[Formula Renault 2.0 Alps]] }} | prev_series_years = {{plainlist| * [[2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|2021]] * {{F2|2017}}–{{F2|2018}} * [[2016 GP3 Series|2016]] * {{FIAF3|2015}} * [[2013 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2013]]–[[2014 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2014]] * [[2012 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2012]]–[[2014 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2014]] * [[2012 Formula Renault 2.0 Alps Series|2012]] }} | titles = | title_years = | awards = {{plainlist| * [[FIA Prize Giving Ceremony#Rookie of the Year|FIA Rookie of the Year]] * [[Autosport Awards#Rookie of the Year|Autosport Rookie of the Year]] }} | award_years = {{plainlist| * 2019 * 2019 }} }} }} '''Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha''' (àbí Alex Albon; bí ní ọjọ́ 23 oṣù Kẹta, ọdún 1996) jẹ́ awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Ó ń dije lábẹ́ àsíá orílẹ̀-èdè Thailand nínú Formula One fún ẹgbẹ́ Williams Racing. A bí Albon ní Westminster, ó sì dàgbà ní Suffolk. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Nigel Albon, awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, àti aya rẹ̀ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand. Ó tún jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀gbọ́n Mark Albon. Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ aṣeyọrí rẹ̀ nínú eré ìje karting—níbi tí ó ti gba akọ́lé World Cup àti European Championship fún àwọn ọdọ ní ọdún 2010—Albon gbé sí ìpele àwọn eré ìje junior formulae. Ó dije nínú Formula Renault Eurocup láti ọdún 2012 sí 2014, lẹ́yìn náà ó darapọ̀ mọ́ FIA Formula 3 European Championship. Ní ọdún 2016, ó lọ sí GP3 Series, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì lẹ́yìn Charles Leclerc ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ ART. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó gòkè sí FIA Formula 2, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹta nínú ìdíje aṣáájú-ọnà pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ DAMS ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Albon jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull Junior Team láti ọdún 2008 sí 2012. Ní ọdún 2019, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn pẹ̀lú Scuderia Toro Rosso, ó sì ṣe ìfarahàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú Formula One. Lẹ́yìn eré ìje méjìlá, wọ́n gbé e sókè sí ẹgbẹ́ àgbà, Red Bull Racing, láti rọ́pò Pierre Gasly kí ó lè jẹ́ alábàákẹ́gbẹ́ Max Verstappen. Ní ọdún 2020, ó di awakọ̀ àkọ́kọ́ láti Thailand tó dé ipò mẹ́ta àkọ́kọ́ (podium) nínú Formula One. Ó tún ṣe àṣeyọrí yìí lẹ́ẹ̀kejì ní eré ìje Bahrain Grand Prix. Ní ọdún 2021, Sergio Pérez rọ́pò rẹ̀ ní Red Bull. Albon sì di awakọ̀ ìpamọ́ (reserve driver) fún Red Bull àti Scuderia AlphaTauri. Ní ọdún náà, ó tún dije nínú DTM pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull AF Corse lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ Liam Lawson. Ní ọdún 2022, Albon darapọ̀ mọ́ Williams Racing láti rọ́pò George Russell, èyí sì parí ìbáṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Red Bull ní òpin àkókò eré náà. Ó bá a lọ pẹ̀lú Williams ní àwọn àkókò eré 2023, 2024 àti 2025, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹjọ, èyí tó ga jù lọ láàárín àwọn awakọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ àárín (midfield). Títí di eré ìje Formula One tó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ parí jù lọ, Albon ti gba ipò podium lẹ́ẹ̀mejì, ó sì ti ṣe ìyípo tó yára jù (fastest lap) lẹ́ẹ̀kan. Ó ní àdéhùn láti bá Williams ṣiṣẹ́ títí di ìparí àkókò eré 2027 ní ó kéré tán. ==Ìgbasilẹ Karting== === Àkótán iṣẹ́ karting === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align:center" !Season !Series !Team !Position |- ! rowspan="3" |2006 | align="left" |Kartmasters British Grand Prix — Comer Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — Comer Cadet | align="left" | |17th |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — Honda Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- ! rowspan="4" |2007 | align="left" |Kartmasters British Grand Prix — Comer Cadet | align="left" | |6th |- | align="left" |British Open Championship — Honda Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''3rd''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — Comer Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |MSA British Championship — Cadet | align="left" | |4th |- ! rowspan="3" |2008 | align="left" |Kartmasters British Grand Prix — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |BRDC Stars of Tomorrow Championship — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''3rd''' |- ! rowspan="4" |2009 | align="left" |Formula Kart Stars — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |KF Winter Series — [[KF3]] | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |WSK International Series — [[KF3]] | align="left" |Mick Barrett Racing |5th |- ! rowspan="6" |2010 | align="left" |South Garda Winter Cup — [[KF3]] | rowspan="6" |Intrepid Driver Program | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''3rd''' |- | align="left" |[[Andrea Margutti Trophy]] — [[KF3]] |NC |- | align="left" |[[2010 WSK Euro Series#KF3 Standings|WSK Euro Series]] — [[KF3]] | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |[[CIK-FIA Karting European Championship|CIK-FIA European Championship]] — [[KF3]] | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Karting World Championship|CIK-FIA World Cup]] — [[KF3]] | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Junior Monaco Kart Cup|Monaco Kart Cup]] — [[KF3]] |4th |- ! rowspan="4" |2011 | align="left" |South Garda Winter Cup — [[KF2]] | rowspan="4" align="left" |Intrepid Driver Program |4th |- | align="left" |[[WSK Super Master Series]] — [[KF2]] |10th |- | align="left" |[[WSK Euro Series]] — [[KF1]] | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |[[Karting World Championship|CIK-FIA World Championship]] — [[KF1]] | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- ! colspan="4" |Sources:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alex Albon {{!}} Racing career profile {{!}} Driver Database|url=https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/alexander-albon/|access-date=5 December 2021|website=www.driverdb.com|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090043/https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/alexander-albon/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=kartcom|date=13 March 2019|title=Albon Alexander|url=https://www.kartcom.com/en/pilot/albon-alexander/|access-date=5 December 2021|language=en-US|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205080755/https://www.kartcom.com/en/pilot/albon-alexander/|url-status=live}}</ref> |} ! Points |- | [[2013 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2013]] ! [[Keerbergs Transport Racing|KTR]] | style="background:#cfcfff;" |[[Hockenheimring|HOC<br>1]]<br>{{small|32}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |[[Hockenheimring|HOC<br>2]]<br>{{small|9}} | style="background:#cfcfff;" |[[Hockenheimring|HOC<br>3]]<br>{{small|23}} |[[Nürburgring|NÜR<br>1]] |[[Nürburgring|NÜR<br>2]] |[[Silverstone Circuit|SIL<br>1]] |[[Silverstone Circuit|SIL<br>2]] |[[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA<br>1]] |[[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA<br>2]] |[[TT Circuit Assen|ASS<br>1]] |[[TT Circuit Assen|ASS<br>2]] | style="background:#dfffdf;" |[[Autodrom Most|MST<br>1]]<br>{{small|8}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |[[Autodrom Most|MST<br>2]]<br>{{small|9}} | style="background:#dfdfdf;" |''[[Autodrom Most|MST<br>3]]''<br>{{small|2}} |[[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN<br>1]] |[[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN<br>2]] |[[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN<br>3]] ! 22nd ! 61 |- | [[2014 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2014]] !nowrap| [[Keerbergs Transport Racing|KTR]] | style="background:#dfffdf;" | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ<br>1]]<br>{{small|6}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ<br>2]]<br>{{small|18}} | [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL<br>1]] | [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL<br>2]] | [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br>1]] | [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br>2]] | [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br>3]] | [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA<br>1]] | [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA<br>2]] | style="background:#dfffdf;" | [[TT Circuit Assen|ASS<br>1]]<br>{{small|5}} | style="background:#efcfff;" | [[TT Circuit Assen|ASS<br>2]]<br>{{small|Ret}} | style="background:#dfdfdf;" | [[Autodrom Most|MST<br>1]]<br>{{small|2}} | style="background:#ffffbf;" | ''[[Autodrom Most|MST<br>2]]''<br>{{small|1}} | style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[Autodrom Most|MST<br>3]]<br>{{small|C}} | [[Nürburgring|NÜR<br>1]] | [[Nürburgring|NÜR<br>2]] | [[Nürburgring|NÜR<br>3]] ! 17th ! 88 |} === Complete FIA Formula 3 European Championship results === ([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap) {{Wide table start}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%" |- ! Year ! Entrant ! Engine ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! 5 ! 6 ! 7 ! 8 ! 9 ! 10 ! 11 ! 12 ! 13 ! 14 ! 15 ! 16 ! 17 ! 18 ! 19 ! 20 ! 21 ! 22 ! 23 ! 24 ! 25 ! 26 ! 27 ! 28 ! 29 ! 30 ! 31 ! 32 ! 33 ! DC ! Points |- |id=2015R| {{FIAF3|2015}} !nowrap| [[Signature Team|Signature]] !nowrap| [[Volkswagen]] |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL<br />1]]<br />{{small|4}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL<br />2]]<br />{{small|6}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL<br />3]]<br />{{small|6}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br />1]]<br />{{small|13}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br />2]]<br />{{small|8}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br />3]]<br />{{small|9}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Pau Grand Prix|PAU<br />1]]<br />{{small|5}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Pau Grand Prix|PAU<br />2]]<br />{{small|7}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Pau Grand Prix|PAU<br />3]]<br />{{small|NC}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ<br />1]]<br />{{small|21}} |style="background:#FFFFFF;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ<br />2]]<br />{{small|WD}} |style="background:#FFFFFF;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ<br />3]]<br />{{small|WD}} |style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA<br />1]]<br />{{small|3}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA<br />2]]<br />{{small|16}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA<br />3]]<br />{{small|9}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| ''[[Norisring|NOR<br />1]]''<br />{{small|5}} |style="background:#DFDFDF;"| '''[[Norisring|NOR<br />2]]'''<br />{{small|2}} |style="background:#FFDF9F;"| '''[[Norisring|NOR<br />3]]'''<br />{{small|3}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN<br />1]]<br />{{small|7}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN<br />2]]<br />{{small|4}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN<br />3]]<br />{{small|8}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR<br />1]]<br />{{small|7}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR<br />2]]<br />{{small|5}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR<br />3]]<br />{{small|8}} |style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|ALG<br />1]]<br />{{small|2}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|ALG<br />2]]<br />{{small|12}} |style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|ALG<br />3]]<br />{{small|Ret}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR<br />1]]<br />{{small|12}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR<br />2]]<br />{{small|14}} |style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR<br />3]]<br />{{small|11}} |style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br />1]]<br />{{small|11}} |style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br />2]]<br />{{small|Ret}} |style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br />3]]<br />{{small|2}} ! 7th ! 187 |} {{Wide table end}} ==itokasi== 4744rua2ejt3qwd84l7ktgxtlnra55k 624943 624942 2026-07-02T08:32:07Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Thai and British racing driver (born 1996)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Use British English|date=February 2019}} {{redirect-distinguish|Albono|Abono|Albano|Albo|Bono}} {{Infobox person | name = Alex Albon | native_name = {{nobold|อเล็กซ์ อัลบอน}} | native_name_lang = th | image = Alex Albon (cropped).jpg | caption = Albon in 2024 | birth_name = Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|3|23|df=y}} | birth_place = [[London]], England<!-- Just the city and the country when it’s a major city, no overly specific areas such as “Westminster”. --> | parents = [[Nigel Albon]] (father) | relatives = [[Mark Albon]] (uncle) | partners = [[Muni "Lily" He]] (2019–present; engaged) | website = {{URL|https://www.alexalbon.com/}} | module = {{Infobox F1 driver|embed=yes | nationality = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|Thai]] <!-- Please leave the 2026 team in the infobox until at least 1 January 2027, per WP:F1 convention --> | 2026 Team = [[Williams Racing|Atlassian Williams]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] | car_number = 23 | races = {{F1stat|ALB|entries}} ({{F1stat|ALB|starts}} starts) | championships = 0 | wins = {{F1stat|ALB|wins}} | podiums = {{F1stat|ALB|podiums}} | points = {{F1stat|ALB|careerpoints}} | poles = {{F1stat|ALB|poles}} | fastest_laps = {{F1stat|ALB|fastestlaps}} | first_race = [[2019 Australian Grand Prix]] | first_win = | last_win = | last_race = {{latest F1GP}} | last_season = 2025 | last_position = 8th (73 pts) }} | module2 = {{Infobox racing driver|embed=yes | prev_series = {{plainlist| * [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] * [[FIA Formula 2]] * [[GP3 Series]] * [[FIA F3 European]] * [[Formula Renault NEC]] * [[Formula Renault Eurocup]] * [[Formula Renault 2.0 Alps]] }} | prev_series_years = {{plainlist| * [[2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|2021]] * {{F2|2017}}–{{F2|2018}} * [[2016 GP3 Series|2016]] * {{FIAF3|2015}} * [[2013 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2013]]–[[2014 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2014]] * [[2012 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2012]]–[[2014 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2014]] * [[2012 Formula Renault 2.0 Alps Series|2012]] }} | titles = | title_years = | awards = {{plainlist| * [[FIA Prize Giving Ceremony#Rookie of the Year|FIA Rookie of the Year]] * [[Autosport Awards#Rookie of the Year|Autosport Rookie of the Year]] }} | award_years = {{plainlist| * 2019 * 2019 }} }} }} '''Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha''' (àbí Alex Albon; bí ní ọjọ́ 23 oṣù Kẹta, ọdún 1996) jẹ́ awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Ó ń dije lábẹ́ àsíá orílẹ̀-èdè Thailand nínú Formula One fún ẹgbẹ́ Williams Racing. A bí Albon ní Westminster, ó sì dàgbà ní Suffolk. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Nigel Albon, awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, àti aya rẹ̀ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand. Ó tún jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀gbọ́n Mark Albon. Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ aṣeyọrí rẹ̀ nínú eré ìje karting—níbi tí ó ti gba akọ́lé World Cup àti European Championship fún àwọn ọdọ ní ọdún 2010—Albon gbé sí ìpele àwọn eré ìje junior formulae. Ó dije nínú Formula Renault Eurocup láti ọdún 2012 sí 2014, lẹ́yìn náà ó darapọ̀ mọ́ FIA Formula 3 European Championship. Ní ọdún 2016, ó lọ sí GP3 Series, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì lẹ́yìn Charles Leclerc ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ ART. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó gòkè sí FIA Formula 2, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹta nínú ìdíje aṣáájú-ọnà pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ DAMS ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Albon jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull Junior Team láti ọdún 2008 sí 2012. Ní ọdún 2019, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn pẹ̀lú Scuderia Toro Rosso, ó sì ṣe ìfarahàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú Formula One. Lẹ́yìn eré ìje méjìlá, wọ́n gbé e sókè sí ẹgbẹ́ àgbà, Red Bull Racing, láti rọ́pò Pierre Gasly kí ó lè jẹ́ alábàákẹ́gbẹ́ Max Verstappen. Ní ọdún 2020, ó di awakọ̀ àkọ́kọ́ láti Thailand tó dé ipò mẹ́ta àkọ́kọ́ (podium) nínú Formula One. Ó tún ṣe àṣeyọrí yìí lẹ́ẹ̀kejì ní eré ìje Bahrain Grand Prix. Ní ọdún 2021, Sergio Pérez rọ́pò rẹ̀ ní Red Bull. Albon sì di awakọ̀ ìpamọ́ (reserve driver) fún Red Bull àti Scuderia AlphaTauri. Ní ọdún náà, ó tún dije nínú DTM pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull AF Corse lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ Liam Lawson. Ní ọdún 2022, Albon darapọ̀ mọ́ Williams Racing láti rọ́pò George Russell, èyí sì parí ìbáṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Red Bull ní òpin àkókò eré náà. Ó bá a lọ pẹ̀lú Williams ní àwọn àkókò eré 2023, 2024 àti 2025, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹjọ, èyí tó ga jù lọ láàárín àwọn awakọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ àárín (midfield). Títí di eré ìje Formula One tó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ parí jù lọ, Albon ti gba ipò podium lẹ́ẹ̀mejì, ó sì ti ṣe ìyípo tó yára jù (fastest lap) lẹ́ẹ̀kan. Ó ní àdéhùn láti bá Williams ṣiṣẹ́ títí di ìparí àkókò eré 2027 ní ó kéré tán. ==Ìgbasilẹ Karting== === Àkótán iṣẹ́ karting === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align:center" !Season !Series !Team !Position |- ! rowspan="3" |2006 | align="left" |Kartmasters British Grand Prix — Comer Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — Comer Cadet | align="left" | |17th |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — Honda Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- ! rowspan="4" |2007 | align="left" |Kartmasters British Grand Prix — Comer Cadet | align="left" | |6th |- | align="left" |British Open Championship — Honda Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''3rd''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — Comer Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |MSA British Championship — Cadet | align="left" | |4th |- ! rowspan="3" |2008 | align="left" |Kartmasters British Grand Prix — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |BRDC Stars of Tomorrow Championship — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''3rd''' |- ! rowspan="4" |2009 | align="left" |Formula Kart Stars — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |KF Winter Series — [[KF3]] | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |WSK International Series — [[KF3]] | align="left" |Mick Barrett Racing |5th |- ! rowspan="6" |2010 | align="left" |South Garda Winter Cup — [[KF3]] | rowspan="6" |Intrepid Driver Program | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''3rd''' |- | align="left" |[[Andrea Margutti Trophy]] — [[KF3]] |NC |- | align="left" |[[2010 WSK Euro Series#KF3 Standings|WSK Euro Series]] — [[KF3]] | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |[[CIK-FIA Karting European Championship|CIK-FIA European Championship]] — [[KF3]] | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Karting World Championship|CIK-FIA World Cup]] — [[KF3]] | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Junior Monaco Kart Cup|Monaco Kart Cup]] — [[KF3]] |4th |- ! rowspan="4" |2011 | align="left" |South Garda Winter Cup — [[KF2]] | rowspan="4" align="left" |Intrepid Driver Program |4th |- | align="left" |[[WSK Super Master Series]] — [[KF2]] |10th |- | align="left" |[[WSK Euro Series]] — [[KF1]] | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |[[Karting World Championship|CIK-FIA World Championship]] — [[KF1]] | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- ! colspan="4" |Sources:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alex Albon {{!}} Racing career profile {{!}} Driver Database|url=https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/alexander-albon/|access-date=5 December 2021|website=www.driverdb.com|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090043/https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/alexander-albon/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=kartcom|date=13 March 2019|title=Albon Alexander|url=https://www.kartcom.com/en/pilot/albon-alexander/|access-date=5 December 2021|language=en-US|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205080755/https://www.kartcom.com/en/pilot/albon-alexander/|url-status=live}}</ref> |} ! Points |- | [[2013 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2013]] ! [[Keerbergs Transport Racing|KTR]] | style="background:#cfcfff;" |[[Hockenheimring|HOC<br>1]]<br>{{small|32}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |[[Hockenheimring|HOC<br>2]]<br>{{small|9}} | style="background:#cfcfff;" |[[Hockenheimring|HOC<br>3]]<br>{{small|23}} |[[Nürburgring|NÜR<br>1]] |[[Nürburgring|NÜR<br>2]] |[[Silverstone Circuit|SIL<br>1]] |[[Silverstone Circuit|SIL<br>2]] |[[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA<br>1]] |[[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA<br>2]] |[[TT Circuit Assen|ASS<br>1]] |[[TT Circuit Assen|ASS<br>2]] | style="background:#dfffdf;" |[[Autodrom Most|MST<br>1]]<br>{{small|8}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" |[[Autodrom Most|MST<br>2]]<br>{{small|9}} | style="background:#dfdfdf;" |''[[Autodrom Most|MST<br>3]]''<br>{{small|2}} |[[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN<br>1]] |[[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN<br>2]] |[[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN<br>3]] ! 22nd ! 61 |- | [[2014 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2014]] !nowrap| [[Keerbergs Transport Racing|KTR]] | style="background:#dfffdf;" | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ<br>1]]<br>{{small|6}} | style="background:#dfffdf;" | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ<br>2]]<br>{{small|18}} | [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL<br>1]] | [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL<br>2]] | [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br>1]] | [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br>2]] | [[Hockenheimring|HOC<br>3]] | [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA<br>1]] | [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA<br>2]] | style="background:#dfffdf;" | [[TT Circuit Assen|ASS<br>1]]<br>{{small|5}} | style="background:#efcfff;" | [[TT Circuit Assen|ASS<br>2]]<br>{{small|Ret}} | style="background:#dfdfdf;" | [[Autodrom Most|MST<br>1]]<br>{{small|2}} | style="background:#ffffbf;" | ''[[Autodrom Most|MST<br>2]]''<br>{{small|1}} | style="background:#FFFFFF;" | [[Autodrom Most|MST<br>3]]<br>{{small|C}} | [[Nürburgring|NÜR<br>1]] | [[Nürburgring|NÜR<br>2]] | [[Nürburgring|NÜR<br>3]] ! 17th ! 88 |} ==itokasi== ev5bzdsz6d9stvs8am49042n50v5mx8 624944 624943 2026-07-02T08:32:48Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Thai and British racing driver (born 1996)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}} {{Use British English|date=February 2019}} {{redirect-distinguish|Albono|Abono|Albano|Albo|Bono}} {{Infobox person | name = Alex Albon | native_name = {{nobold|อเล็กซ์ อัลบอน}} | native_name_lang = th | image = Alex Albon (cropped).jpg | caption = Albon in 2024 | birth_name = Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|3|23|df=y}} | birth_place = [[London]], England<!-- Just the city and the country when it’s a major city, no overly specific areas such as “Westminster”. --> | parents = [[Nigel Albon]] (father) | relatives = [[Mark Albon]] (uncle) | partners = [[Muni "Lily" He]] (2019–present; engaged) | website = {{URL|https://www.alexalbon.com/}} | module = {{Infobox F1 driver|embed=yes | nationality = {{flagicon|THA}} [[Formula One drivers from Thailand|Thai]] <!-- Please leave the 2026 team in the infobox until at least 1 January 2027, per WP:F1 convention --> | 2026 Team = [[Williams Racing|Atlassian Williams]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]] | car_number = 23 | races = {{F1stat|ALB|entries}} ({{F1stat|ALB|starts}} starts) | championships = 0 | wins = {{F1stat|ALB|wins}} | podiums = {{F1stat|ALB|podiums}} | points = {{F1stat|ALB|careerpoints}} | poles = {{F1stat|ALB|poles}} | fastest_laps = {{F1stat|ALB|fastestlaps}} | first_race = [[2019 Australian Grand Prix]] | first_win = | last_win = | last_race = {{latest F1GP}} | last_season = 2025 | last_position = 8th (73 pts) }} | module2 = {{Infobox racing driver|embed=yes | prev_series = {{plainlist| * [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] * [[FIA Formula 2]] * [[GP3 Series]] * [[FIA F3 European]] * [[Formula Renault NEC]] * [[Formula Renault Eurocup]] * [[Formula Renault 2.0 Alps]] }} | prev_series_years = {{plainlist| * [[2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|2021]] * {{F2|2017}}–{{F2|2018}} * [[2016 GP3 Series|2016]] * {{FIAF3|2015}} * [[2013 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2013]]–[[2014 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|2014]] * [[2012 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2012]]–[[2014 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0|2014]] * [[2012 Formula Renault 2.0 Alps Series|2012]] }} | titles = | title_years = | awards = {{plainlist| * [[FIA Prize Giving Ceremony#Rookie of the Year|FIA Rookie of the Year]] * [[Autosport Awards#Rookie of the Year|Autosport Rookie of the Year]] }} | award_years = {{plainlist| * 2019 * 2019 }} }} }} '''Alexander Philippe Albon Ansusinha''' (àbí Alex Albon; bí ní ọjọ́ 23 oṣù Kẹta, ọdún 1996) jẹ́ awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand àti Gẹ̀ẹ́sì. Ó ń dije lábẹ́ àsíá orílẹ̀-èdè Thailand nínú Formula One fún ẹgbẹ́ Williams Racing. A bí Albon ní Westminster, ó sì dàgbà ní Suffolk. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Nigel Albon, awakọ̀ eré ìje ọkọ̀ ayọ́kẹ́lẹ́ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Gẹ̀ẹ́sì, àti aya rẹ̀ ọmọ ilẹ̀ Thailand. Ó tún jẹ́ ọmọ ẹ̀gbọ́n Mark Albon. Lẹ́yìn iṣẹ́ aṣeyọrí rẹ̀ nínú eré ìje karting—níbi tí ó ti gba akọ́lé World Cup àti European Championship fún àwọn ọdọ ní ọdún 2010—Albon gbé sí ìpele àwọn eré ìje junior formulae. Ó dije nínú Formula Renault Eurocup láti ọdún 2012 sí 2014, lẹ́yìn náà ó darapọ̀ mọ́ FIA Formula 3 European Championship. Ní ọdún 2016, ó lọ sí GP3 Series, ó sì parí ní ipò kejì lẹ́yìn Charles Leclerc ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ ART. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó gòkè sí FIA Formula 2, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹta nínú ìdíje aṣáájú-ọnà pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ DAMS ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé. Albon jẹ́ ọmọ ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull Junior Team láti ọdún 2008 sí 2012. Ní ọdún 2019, ó fọwọ́ sí àdéhùn pẹ̀lú Scuderia Toro Rosso, ó sì ṣe ìfarahàn àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú Formula One. Lẹ́yìn eré ìje méjìlá, wọ́n gbé e sókè sí ẹgbẹ́ àgbà, Red Bull Racing, láti rọ́pò Pierre Gasly kí ó lè jẹ́ alábàákẹ́gbẹ́ Max Verstappen. Ní ọdún 2020, ó di awakọ̀ àkọ́kọ́ láti Thailand tó dé ipò mẹ́ta àkọ́kọ́ (podium) nínú Formula One. Ó tún ṣe àṣeyọrí yìí lẹ́ẹ̀kejì ní eré ìje Bahrain Grand Prix. Ní ọdún 2021, Sergio Pérez rọ́pò rẹ̀ ní Red Bull. Albon sì di awakọ̀ ìpamọ́ (reserve driver) fún Red Bull àti Scuderia AlphaTauri. Ní ọdún náà, ó tún dije nínú DTM pẹ̀lú ẹgbẹ́ Red Bull AF Corse lẹ́gbẹ̀ẹ́ Liam Lawson. Ní ọdún 2022, Albon darapọ̀ mọ́ Williams Racing láti rọ́pò George Russell, èyí sì parí ìbáṣepọ̀ rẹ̀ pẹ̀lú Red Bull ní òpin àkókò eré náà. Ó bá a lọ pẹ̀lú Williams ní àwọn àkókò eré 2023, 2024 àti 2025, níbi tí ó ti parí ní ipò kẹjọ, èyí tó ga jù lọ láàárín àwọn awakọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ àárín (midfield). Títí di eré ìje Formula One tó ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ parí jù lọ, Albon ti gba ipò podium lẹ́ẹ̀mejì, ó sì ti ṣe ìyípo tó yára jù (fastest lap) lẹ́ẹ̀kan. Ó ní àdéhùn láti bá Williams ṣiṣẹ́ títí di ìparí àkókò eré 2027 ní ó kéré tán. ==Ìgbasilẹ Karting== === Àkótán iṣẹ́ karting === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align:center" !Season !Series !Team !Position |- ! rowspan="3" |2006 | align="left" |Kartmasters British Grand Prix — Comer Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — Comer Cadet | align="left" | |17th |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — Honda Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- ! rowspan="4" |2007 | align="left" |Kartmasters British Grand Prix — Comer Cadet | align="left" | |6th |- | align="left" |British Open Championship — Honda Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''3rd''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — Comer Cadet | align="left" | | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |MSA British Championship — Cadet | align="left" | |4th |- ! rowspan="3" |2008 | align="left" |Kartmasters British Grand Prix — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |BRDC Stars of Tomorrow Championship — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''3rd''' |- ! rowspan="4" |2009 | align="left" |Formula Kart Stars — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — [[KF3]] | align="left" | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |KF Winter Series — [[KF3]] | | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |WSK International Series — [[KF3]] | align="left" |Mick Barrett Racing |5th |- ! rowspan="6" |2010 | align="left" |South Garda Winter Cup — [[KF3]] | rowspan="6" |Intrepid Driver Program | style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''3rd''' |- | align="left" |[[Andrea Margutti Trophy]] — [[KF3]] |NC |- | align="left" |[[2010 WSK Euro Series#KF3 Standings|WSK Euro Series]] — [[KF3]] | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |[[CIK-FIA Karting European Championship|CIK-FIA European Championship]] — [[KF3]] | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Karting World Championship|CIK-FIA World Cup]] — [[KF3]] | style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st''' |- | align="left" |[[Junior Monaco Kart Cup|Monaco Kart Cup]] — [[KF3]] |4th |- ! rowspan="4" |2011 | align="left" |South Garda Winter Cup — [[KF2]] | rowspan="4" align="left" |Intrepid Driver Program |4th |- | align="left" |[[WSK Super Master Series]] — [[KF2]] |10th |- | align="left" |[[WSK Euro Series]] — [[KF1]] | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- | align="left" |[[Karting World Championship|CIK-FIA World Championship]] — [[KF1]] | style="background:#DFDFDF;" |'''2nd''' |- ! colspan="4" |Sources:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alex Albon {{!}} Racing career profile {{!}} Driver Database|url=https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/alexander-albon/|access-date=5 December 2021|website=www.driverdb.com|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090043/https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/alexander-albon/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=kartcom|date=13 March 2019|title=Albon Alexander|url=https://www.kartcom.com/en/pilot/albon-alexander/|access-date=5 December 2021|language=en-US|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205080755/https://www.kartcom.com/en/pilot/albon-alexander/|url-status=live}}</ref> |} ==itokasi== j8qz6g4cozk7mgh7d8sw6yszhc61n9w 0 80798 624945 2026-07-02T08:37:00Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 Ṣ'èdá ojúewé pẹ̀lú "'''Leanne Margaret Albon''' (born 7 November 1959) is an Australian former [[cricket]]er.<ref name="ESPNcricinfo – Lee Albon – Australia">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/53590.html|title=Lee Albon – Australia|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=24 April 2014}}</ref> She played four [[One Day International|one day internationals]] for the [[Australia national women's cricket team]] in the 1980s.<ref name="ESPNcricinfo – Lee Al..." 624945 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leanne Margaret Albon''' (born 7 November 1959) is an Australian former [[cricket]]er.<ref name="ESPNcricinfo – Lee Albon – Australia">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/53590.html|title=Lee Albon – Australia|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=24 April 2014}}</ref> She played four [[One Day International|one day internationals]] for the [[Australia national women's cricket team]] in the 1980s.<ref name="ESPNcricinfo – Lee Albon – Australia"/> Albon played as an [[Batting order (cricket)#Opening batsmen|opening bat]] with the [[Victorian state women's cricket team]].<ref name="The Age – 24 January 1980 – Vics have the edge">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1300&dat=19800124&id=Yu5UAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lpIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5629,3589585|title=Vics have the edge|last=Peg McMahon|author-link=Peg McMahon|date=24 January 1980|work=The Age|accessdate=24 April 2014}}</ref> 5r2ljln8ss98ojr6vjts708bvdqodw0 624946 624945 2026-07-02T08:37:56Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624946 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leanne Margaret Albon''' (bí ní ọjọ́ 7 Oṣù kọkànlá, 1959) jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Cricket]] ará Ọsirélíà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>...</ref> Ó ṣeré nínú eré [[One Day International]] mẹ́rin fún ẹgbẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù kíríkẹ́ẹ̀tì àwọn obìnrin orílẹ̀-èdè Ọsirélíà ní àwọn ọdún 1980.<ref>...</ref> Albon ṣeré gẹ́gẹ́ bí '''opening bat''' fún ẹgbẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù kíríkẹ́ẹ̀tì àwọn obìnrin ìpínlẹ̀ Victoria. Albon played as an [[Batting order (cricket)#Opening batsmen|opening bat]] with the [[Victorian state women's cricket team]].<ref name="The Age – 24 January 1980 – Vics have the edge">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1300&dat=19800124&id=Yu5UAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lpIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5629,3589585|title=Vics have the edge|last=Peg McMahon|author-link=Peg McMahon|date=24 January 1980|work=The Age|accessdate=24 April 2014}}</ref> 38wcgylwvuivy465rmmfwz03msd8ng8 624947 624946 2026-07-02T08:38:21Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624947 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leanne Margaret Albon''' (bí ní ọjọ́ 7 Oṣù kọkànlá, 1959) jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Cricket]] ará Ọsirélíà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>...</ref> Ó ṣeré nínú eré [[One Day International]] mẹ́rin fún ẹgbẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù kíríkẹ́ẹ̀tì àwọn obìnrin orílẹ̀-èdè Ọsirélíà ní àwọn ọdún 1980.<ref>...</ref> Albon ṣeré gẹ́gẹ́ bí '''opening bat''' fún ẹgbẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù kíríkẹ́ẹ̀tì àwọn obìnrin ìpínlẹ̀ Victoria. Albon played as an [[Batting order (cricket)#Opening batsmen|opening bat]] with the [[Victorian state women's cricket team]].<ref name="The Age – 24 January 1980 – Vics have the edge">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1300&dat=19800124&id=Yu5UAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lpIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5629,3589585|title=Vics have the edge|last=Peg McMahon|author-link=Peg McMahon|date=24 January 1980|work=The Age|accessdate=24 April 2014}}</ref> ==itokasi== gmveis1yu5gez6gojq2wl9sf32r7eca 624948 624947 2026-07-02T08:39:07Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624948 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leanne Margaret Albon''' (bí ní ọjọ́ 7 Oṣù kọkànlá, 1959) jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Cricket]] ará Ọsirélíà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>...</ref> Ó ṣeré nínú eré [[One Day International]] mẹ́rin fún ẹgbẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù kíríkẹ́ẹ̀tì àwọn obìnrin orílẹ̀-èdè Ọsirélíà ní àwọn ọdún 1980.<ref>...</ref> Albon ṣeré gẹ́gẹ́ bí '''opening bat''' fún ẹgbẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù kíríkẹ́ẹ̀tì àwọn obìnrin ìpínlẹ̀ Victoria. Albon ṣeré gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọlù àkọ́kọ́ (''opening bat'') fún ẹgbẹ́ kíríkẹ́ẹ̀tì àwọn obìnrin ìpínlẹ̀ [[Victoria]].<ref name="The Age – 24 January 1980 – Vics have the edge">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1300&dat=19800124&id=Yu5UAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lpIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5629,3589585|title=Vics have the edge|last=Peg McMahon|author-link=Peg McMahon|date=24 January 1980|work=The Age|accessdate=24 April 2014}}</ref> ==itokasi== 7b9ovz5xxytxogj5s0qkcyfw8o9yaua 624949 624948 2026-07-02T08:40:33Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624949 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leanne Margaret Albon''' (bí ní ọjọ́ 7 Oṣù kọkànlá, 1959) jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ará Ọsirélíà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>...</ref> Ó ṣeré nínú eré mẹ́rin fún ẹgbẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù kíríkẹ́ẹ̀tì àwọn obìnrin orílẹ̀-èdè Ọsirélíà ní àwọn ọdún 1980.<ref>...</ref> Albon ṣeré gẹ́gẹ́ bí '''opening bat''' fún ẹgbẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù kíríkẹ́ẹ̀tì àwọn obìnrin ìpínlẹ̀ Victoria. Albon ṣeré gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọlù àkọ́kọ́ (''opening bat'') fún ẹgbẹ́ kíríkẹ́ẹ̀tì àwọn obìnrin ìpínlẹ̀.<ref name="The Age – 24 January 1980 – Vics have the edge">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1300&dat=19800124&id=Yu5UAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lpIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5629,3589585|title=Vics have the edge|last=Peg McMahon|author-link=Peg McMahon|date=24 January 1980|work=The Age|accessdate=24 April 2014}}</ref> ==itokasi== 1kaos9i7g042qm3dt4spi73ad13ces2 624950 624949 2026-07-02T08:41:32Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624950 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leanne Margaret Albon''' tí wọn bí ní ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 1959) jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ará Ọsirélíà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>...</ref> Ó ṣeré nínú eré mẹ́rin fún ẹgbẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù kíríkẹ́ẹ̀tì àwọn obìnrin orílẹ̀-èdè Ọsirélíà ní àwọn ọdún 1980.<ref>...</ref> Albon ṣeré gẹ́gẹ́ bí '''opening bat''' fún ẹgbẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù kíríkẹ́ẹ̀tì àwọn obìnrin ìpínlẹ̀ Victoria. Albon ṣeré gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọlù àkọ́kọ́ (''opening bat'') fún ẹgbẹ́ kíríkẹ́ẹ̀tì àwọn obìnrin ìpínlẹ̀.<ref name="The Age – 24 January 1980 – Vics have the edge">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1300&dat=19800124&id=Yu5UAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lpIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5629,3589585|title=Vics have the edge|last=Peg McMahon|author-link=Peg McMahon|date=24 January 1980|work=The Age|accessdate=24 April 2014}}</ref> ==itokasi== 66dqm8qiwbgesl4ykcfq76wj3xceixg 624951 624950 2026-07-02T08:41:47Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624951 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leanne Margaret Albon''' tí wọn bí ní ọjọ́ keje Oṣù Kọkànlá ọdún 1959 jẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù ará Ọsirélíà tẹ́lẹ̀.<ref>...</ref> Ó ṣeré nínú eré mẹ́rin fún ẹgbẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù kíríkẹ́ẹ̀tì àwọn obìnrin orílẹ̀-èdè Ọsirélíà ní àwọn ọdún 1980.<ref>...</ref> Albon ṣeré gẹ́gẹ́ bí '''opening bat''' fún ẹgbẹ́ bọ́ọ̀lù kíríkẹ́ẹ̀tì àwọn obìnrin ìpínlẹ̀ Victoria. Albon ṣeré gẹ́gẹ́ bí akọlù àkọ́kọ́ (''opening bat'') fún ẹgbẹ́ kíríkẹ́ẹ̀tì àwọn obìnrin ìpínlẹ̀.<ref name="The Age – 24 January 1980 – Vics have the edge">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1300&dat=19800124&id=Yu5UAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lpIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5629,3589585|title=Vics have the edge|last=Peg McMahon|author-link=Peg McMahon|date=24 January 1980|work=The Age|accessdate=24 April 2014}}</ref> ==itokasi== du2euaehnlaifwev80g7k6r1hn3fvqs 0 80799 624952 2026-07-02T08:48:12Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 New article 624952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{other places|Koblenz (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Koblenz|municipality_type=municipality and town|image_photo=Koblenz AG.jpg|imagepath_coa=Wappen Koblenz AG.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Aargau|iso-code-region=CH-AG|district=[[Zurzach (district)|Zurzach]]|coordinates={{coord|47|37|N|8|14|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=5322|municipality_code=4310|area=4.09|elevation=319|elevation_description=|population=1589|populationof=December 2004|popofyear=2004|website=www.koblenz.ch|neighboring_municipalities=[[Klingnau]], [[Küssaberg]] (DE-BW), [[Leuggern]], [[Rietheim, Switzerland|Rietheim]], [[Waldshut-Tiengen]] (DE-BW)|imagepath_flag=CHE Koblenz Flag.svg}} Koblenz (tàbí Coblenz) jẹ́ ìlú àti agbègbè ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Zurzach, ní kántónì Aargau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switsalandi (Switzerland). 3wzlw74bxg2cjhasya0b43n53txk0xr 624953 624952 2026-07-02T08:49:35Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{other places|Koblenz (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Koblenz|municipality_type=municipality and town|image_photo=Koblenz AG.jpg|imagepath_coa=Wappen Koblenz AG.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Aargau|iso-code-region=CH-AG|district=[[Zurzach (district)|Zurzach]]|coordinates={{coord|47|37|N|8|14|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=5322|municipality_code=4310|area=4.09|elevation=319|elevation_description=|population=1589|populationof=December 2004|popofyear=2004|website=www.koblenz.ch|neighboring_municipalities=[[Klingnau]], [[Küssaberg]] (DE-BW), [[Leuggern]], [[Rietheim, Switzerland|Rietheim]], [[Waldshut-Tiengen]] (DE-BW)|imagepath_flag=CHE Koblenz Flag.svg}} Koblenz (tàbí Coblenz) jẹ́ ìlú àti agbègbè ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Zurzach, ní kántónì Aargau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switsalandi (Switzerland). ==Transport== Koblenz is served by two railway stations. [[Koblenz railway station (Switzerland)|Koblenz station]] is served by [[Zurich S-Bahn]] line [[S36 (ZVV)|S36]], which links [[Bülach]] and Waldshut, and [[Aargau S-Bahn]] line S27, which links [[Baden, Switzerland|Baden]] and Koblenz, with alternate trains continuing to either Waldshut or [[Bad Zurzach]]. [[Koblenz Dorf railway station|Koblenz Dorf station]] is situated rather closer to the village centre, but is served by fewer trains.<ref>{{cite map | publisher = Swiss Confederation | title = map.geo.admin.ch | url = http://map.geo.admin.ch/?selectedNode=node_ch.swisstopo.gg25-land-flaeche.fill1&Y=660452&X=273060.5&zoom=7&bgLayer=ch.swisstopo.pixelkarte-farbe&layers=ch.swisstopo.gg25-gemeinde-flaeche.fill,ch.swisstopo.gg25-kanton-flaeche.fill,ch.swisstopo.gg25-land-flaeche.fill&layers_opacity=1,1,1&layers_visibility=true,true,true&lang=en | access-date = 2012-02-03}}</ref><ref name=zvv>{{cite web|url=http://www.zvv.ch/export/sites/default/common-images/content-image-gallery/linien-zonen-pdfs/Liniennetzplan_ganzer_Verbund_2011.pdf |title=S-Bahn trains, buses and boats |publisher=ZVV |access-date=2012-02-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131035635/http://www.zvv.ch/export/sites/default/common-images/content-image-gallery/linien-zonen-pdfs/Liniennetzplan_ganzer_Verbund_2011.pdf |archive-date=2012-01-31 }}</ref> np62k11mz14gufxsdbmr7yztvp9ysr3 624954 624953 2026-07-02T08:50:11Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{other places|Koblenz (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Koblenz|municipality_type=municipality and town|image_photo=Koblenz AG.jpg|imagepath_coa=Wappen Koblenz AG.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Aargau|iso-code-region=CH-AG|district=[[Zurzach (district)|Zurzach]]|coordinates={{coord|47|37|N|8|14|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=5322|municipality_code=4310|area=4.09|elevation=319|elevation_description=|population=1589|populationof=December 2004|popofyear=2004|website=www.koblenz.ch|neighboring_municipalities=[[Klingnau]], [[Küssaberg]] (DE-BW), [[Leuggern]], [[Rietheim, Switzerland|Rietheim]], [[Waldshut-Tiengen]] (DE-BW)|imagepath_flag=CHE Koblenz Flag.svg}} Koblenz (tàbí Coblenz) jẹ́ ìlú àti agbègbè ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Zurzach, ní kántónì Aargau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switsalandi (Switzerland). ==Transport== Koblenz is served by two railway stations. [[Koblenz railway station (Switzerland)|Koblenz station]] is served by [[Zurich S-Bahn]] line [[S36 (ZVV)|S36]], which links [[Bülach]] and Waldshut, and [[Aargau S-Bahn]] line S27, which links [[Baden, Switzerland|Baden]] and Koblenz, with alternate trains continuing to either Waldshut or [[Bad Zurzach]]. [[Koblenz Dorf railway station|Koblenz Dorf station]] is situated rather closer to the village centre, but is served by fewer trains.<ref>{{cite map | publisher = Swiss Confederation | title = map.geo.admin.ch | url = http://map.geo.admin.ch/?selectedNode=node_ch.swisstopo.gg25-land-flaeche.fill1&Y=660452&X=273060.5&zoom=7&bgLayer=ch.swisstopo.pixelkarte-farbe&layers=ch.swisstopo.gg25-gemeinde-flaeche.fill,ch.swisstopo.gg25-kanton-flaeche.fill,ch.swisstopo.gg25-land-flaeche.fill&layers_opacity=1,1,1&layers_visibility=true,true,true&lang=en | access-date = 2012-02-03}}</ref><ref name=zvv>{{cite web|url=http://www.zvv.ch/export/sites/default/common-images/content-image-gallery/linien-zonen-pdfs/Liniennetzplan_ganzer_Verbund_2011.pdf |title=S-Bahn trains, buses and boats |publisher=ZVV |access-date=2012-02-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131035635/http://www.zvv.ch/export/sites/default/common-images/content-image-gallery/linien-zonen-pdfs/Liniennetzplan_ganzer_Verbund_2011.pdf |archive-date=2012-01-31 }}</ref> == itokasi == 7ptv8v0nj3c0wrr3sxi0fe1fs32rn8g 624955 624954 2026-07-02T08:50:51Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{other places|Koblenz (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Koblenz|municipality_type=municipality and town|image_photo=Koblenz AG.jpg|imagepath_coa=Wappen Koblenz AG.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Aargau|iso-code-region=CH-AG|district=[[Zurzach (district)|Zurzach]]|coordinates={{coord|47|37|N|8|14|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=5322|municipality_code=4310|area=4.09|elevation=319|elevation_description=|population=1589|populationof=December 2004|popofyear=2004|website=www.koblenz.ch|neighboring_municipalities=[[Klingnau]], [[Küssaberg]] (DE-BW), [[Leuggern]], [[Rietheim, Switzerland|Rietheim]], [[Waldshut-Tiengen]] (DE-BW)|imagepath_flag=CHE Koblenz Flag.svg}} Koblenz (tàbí Coblenz) jẹ́ ìlú àti agbègbè ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Zurzach, ní kántónì Aargau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switsalandi (Switzerland). ==Ọ̀nà ìrìn àjò== Koblenz ní àwọn ibùdó ọkọ ojú irin méjì. Ibùdó ọkọ ojú irin Koblenz ni àwọn iṣẹ́ Zurich S-Bahn lórí ìlà S36, tí ó so Bülach pọ̀ mọ́ Waldshut, àti Aargau S-Bahn lórí ìlà S27, tí ó ń so Baden àti Koblenz pọ̀. Díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọkọ ojú irin S27 sì máa ń tẹ̀síwájú lọ sí Waldshut tàbí Bad Zurzach. Ibùdó ọkọ ojú irin Koblenz Dorf wà ní tòsí àárín ìlú ju ibùdó àkọ́kọ́ lọ, ṣùgbọ́n iye ọkọ ojú irin tí ń dúró níbẹ̀ kéré síi.<ref>{{cite map | publisher = Swiss Confederation | title = map.geo.admin.ch | url = http://map.geo.admin.ch/?selectedNode=node_ch.swisstopo.gg25-land-flaeche.fill1&Y=660452&X=273060.5&zoom=7&bgLayer=ch.swisstopo.pixelkarte-farbe&layers=ch.swisstopo.gg25-gemeinde-flaeche.fill,ch.swisstopo.gg25-kanton-flaeche.fill,ch.swisstopo.gg25-land-flaeche.fill&layers_opacity=1,1,1&layers_visibility=true,true,true&lang=en | access-date = 2012-02-03}}</ref><ref name=zvv>{{cite web|url=http://www.zvv.ch/export/sites/default/common-images/content-image-gallery/linien-zonen-pdfs/Liniennetzplan_ganzer_Verbund_2011.pdf |title=S-Bahn trains, buses and boats |publisher=ZVV |access-date=2012-02-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131035635/http://www.zvv.ch/export/sites/default/common-images/content-image-gallery/linien-zonen-pdfs/Liniennetzplan_ganzer_Verbund_2011.pdf |archive-date=2012-01-31 }}</ref> == itokasi == 42xesw8qylyb4k5nqlog9ozfyjy5doj 624956 624955 2026-07-02T08:51:37Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{other places|Koblenz (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Koblenz|municipality_type=municipality and town|image_photo=Koblenz AG.jpg|imagepath_coa=Wappen Koblenz AG.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Aargau|iso-code-region=CH-AG|district=[[Zurzach (district)|Zurzach]]|coordinates={{coord|47|37|N|8|14|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=5322|municipality_code=4310|area=4.09|elevation=319|elevation_description=|population=1589|populationof=December 2004|popofyear=2004|website=www.koblenz.ch|neighboring_municipalities=[[Klingnau]], [[Küssaberg]] (DE-BW), [[Leuggern]], [[Rietheim, Switzerland|Rietheim]], [[Waldshut-Tiengen]] (DE-BW)|imagepath_flag=CHE Koblenz Flag.svg}} Koblenz (tàbí Coblenz) jẹ́ ìlú àti agbègbè ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Zurzach, ní kántónì Aargau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switsalandi (Switzerland). ==Education== The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Koblenz about 63.6% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory [[Education in Switzerland#Secondary|upper secondary education]] or additional higher education (either university or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]'').<ref name=SFSO/> Of the school age population ({{As of|2009|alt=in the 2008/2009 school year}}), there are 121 students attending [[Education in Switzerland#Primary|primary school]] in the municipality.<ref name=zahlen/> ==Ọ̀nà ìrìn àjò== Koblenz ní àwọn ibùdó ọkọ ojú irin méjì. Ibùdó ọkọ ojú irin Koblenz ni àwọn iṣẹ́ Zurich S-Bahn lórí ìlà S36, tí ó so Bülach pọ̀ mọ́ Waldshut, àti Aargau S-Bahn lórí ìlà S27, tí ó ń so Baden àti Koblenz pọ̀. Díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọkọ ojú irin S27 sì máa ń tẹ̀síwájú lọ sí Waldshut tàbí Bad Zurzach. Ibùdó ọkọ ojú irin Koblenz Dorf wà ní tòsí àárín ìlú ju ibùdó àkọ́kọ́ lọ, ṣùgbọ́n iye ọkọ ojú irin tí ń dúró níbẹ̀ kéré síi.<ref>{{cite map | publisher = Swiss Confederation | title = map.geo.admin.ch | url = http://map.geo.admin.ch/?selectedNode=node_ch.swisstopo.gg25-land-flaeche.fill1&Y=660452&X=273060.5&zoom=7&bgLayer=ch.swisstopo.pixelkarte-farbe&layers=ch.swisstopo.gg25-gemeinde-flaeche.fill,ch.swisstopo.gg25-kanton-flaeche.fill,ch.swisstopo.gg25-land-flaeche.fill&layers_opacity=1,1,1&layers_visibility=true,true,true&lang=en | access-date = 2012-02-03}}</ref><ref name=zvv>{{cite web|url=http://www.zvv.ch/export/sites/default/common-images/content-image-gallery/linien-zonen-pdfs/Liniennetzplan_ganzer_Verbund_2011.pdf |title=S-Bahn trains, buses and boats |publisher=ZVV |access-date=2012-02-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131035635/http://www.zvv.ch/export/sites/default/common-images/content-image-gallery/linien-zonen-pdfs/Liniennetzplan_ganzer_Verbund_2011.pdf |archive-date=2012-01-31 }}</ref> == itokasi == rf6me1v1nnmqb775414tswqmnwu5585 624957 624956 2026-07-02T08:52:48Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{other places|Koblenz (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Koblenz|municipality_type=municipality and town|image_photo=Koblenz AG.jpg|imagepath_coa=Wappen Koblenz AG.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Aargau|iso-code-region=CH-AG|district=[[Zurzach (district)|Zurzach]]|coordinates={{coord|47|37|N|8|14|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=5322|municipality_code=4310|area=4.09|elevation=319|elevation_description=|population=1589|populationof=December 2004|popofyear=2004|website=www.koblenz.ch|neighboring_municipalities=[[Klingnau]], [[Küssaberg]] (DE-BW), [[Leuggern]], [[Rietheim, Switzerland|Rietheim]], [[Waldshut-Tiengen]] (DE-BW)|imagepath_flag=CHE Koblenz Flag.svg}} Koblenz (tàbí Coblenz) jẹ́ ìlú àti agbègbè ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Zurzach, ní kántónì Aargau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switsalandi (Switzerland). ==Ẹ̀kọ́== Gbogbo àwọn ará ilẹ̀ Switzerland ní àǹfààní ẹ̀kọ́ tó dára. Ní Koblenz, nǹkan bí 63.6% àwọn olùgbé tí ọjọ́-ori wọn wà láàárín ọdún 25 sí 64 ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ (upper secondary education) tàbí wọ́n ti gba ẹ̀kọ́ gíga síi ní yunifásítì tàbí Fachhochschule (ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ àti iṣẹ́ amọ̀ja). Ní ọdún ẹ̀kọ́ 2008/2009, àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ 121 ń kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ (primary school) ní ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Koblenz.<ref name=zahlen/> ==Ọ̀nà ìrìn àjò== Koblenz ní àwọn ibùdó ọkọ ojú irin méjì. Ibùdó ọkọ ojú irin Koblenz ni àwọn iṣẹ́ Zurich S-Bahn lórí ìlà S36, tí ó so Bülach pọ̀ mọ́ Waldshut, àti Aargau S-Bahn lórí ìlà S27, tí ó ń so Baden àti Koblenz pọ̀. Díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọkọ ojú irin S27 sì máa ń tẹ̀síwájú lọ sí Waldshut tàbí Bad Zurzach. Ibùdó ọkọ ojú irin Koblenz Dorf wà ní tòsí àárín ìlú ju ibùdó àkọ́kọ́ lọ, ṣùgbọ́n iye ọkọ ojú irin tí ń dúró níbẹ̀ kéré síi.<ref>{{cite map | publisher = Swiss Confederation | title = map.geo.admin.ch | url = http://map.geo.admin.ch/?selectedNode=node_ch.swisstopo.gg25-land-flaeche.fill1&Y=660452&X=273060.5&zoom=7&bgLayer=ch.swisstopo.pixelkarte-farbe&layers=ch.swisstopo.gg25-gemeinde-flaeche.fill,ch.swisstopo.gg25-kanton-flaeche.fill,ch.swisstopo.gg25-land-flaeche.fill&layers_opacity=1,1,1&layers_visibility=true,true,true&lang=en | access-date = 2012-02-03}}</ref><ref name=zvv>{{cite web|url=http://www.zvv.ch/export/sites/default/common-images/content-image-gallery/linien-zonen-pdfs/Liniennetzplan_ganzer_Verbund_2011.pdf |title=S-Bahn trains, buses and boats |publisher=ZVV |access-date=2012-02-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131035635/http://www.zvv.ch/export/sites/default/common-images/content-image-gallery/linien-zonen-pdfs/Liniennetzplan_ganzer_Verbund_2011.pdf |archive-date=2012-01-31 }}</ref> == itokasi == 3a2liu1dz4yk7sdf0bwnktufzqmm0nd 624958 624957 2026-07-02T08:53:35Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{other places|Koblenz (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Koblenz|municipality_type=municipality and town|image_photo=Koblenz AG.jpg|imagepath_coa=Wappen Koblenz AG.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Aargau|iso-code-region=CH-AG|district=[[Zurzach (district)|Zurzach]]|coordinates={{coord|47|37|N|8|14|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=5322|municipality_code=4310|area=4.09|elevation=319|elevation_description=|population=1589|populationof=December 2004|popofyear=2004|website=www.koblenz.ch|neighboring_municipalities=[[Klingnau]], [[Küssaberg]] (DE-BW), [[Leuggern]], [[Rietheim, Switzerland|Rietheim]], [[Waldshut-Tiengen]] (DE-BW)|imagepath_flag=CHE Koblenz Flag.svg}} Koblenz (tàbí Coblenz) jẹ́ ìlú àti agbègbè ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Zurzach, ní kántónì Aargau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switsalandi (Switzerland). ==Religion== From the {{As of|2000|alt=2000 census}}, 720 or 44.7% were [[Roman Catholic]], while 446 or 27.7% belonged to the [[Swiss Reformed Church]]. Of the rest of the population, there were 7 individuals (or about 0.43% of the population) who belonged to the [[Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland|Christian Catholic]] faith.<ref name=zahlen>[http://www.ag.ch/staag/ Statistical Department of Canton Aargau - Aargauer Zahlen 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222045014/http://www.ag.ch/staag/ |date=2012-02-22 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 20 January 2010</ref> ==Ẹ̀kọ́== Gbogbo àwọn ará ilẹ̀ Switzerland ní àǹfààní ẹ̀kọ́ tó dára. Ní Koblenz, nǹkan bí 63.6% àwọn olùgbé tí ọjọ́-ori wọn wà láàárín ọdún 25 sí 64 ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ (upper secondary education) tàbí wọ́n ti gba ẹ̀kọ́ gíga síi ní yunifásítì tàbí Fachhochschule (ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ àti iṣẹ́ amọ̀ja). Ní ọdún ẹ̀kọ́ 2008/2009, àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ 121 ń kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ (primary school) ní ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Koblenz.<ref name=zahlen/> ==Ọ̀nà ìrìn àjò== Koblenz ní àwọn ibùdó ọkọ ojú irin méjì. Ibùdó ọkọ ojú irin Koblenz ni àwọn iṣẹ́ Zurich S-Bahn lórí ìlà S36, tí ó so Bülach pọ̀ mọ́ Waldshut, àti Aargau S-Bahn lórí ìlà S27, tí ó ń so Baden àti Koblenz pọ̀. Díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọkọ ojú irin S27 sì máa ń tẹ̀síwájú lọ sí Waldshut tàbí Bad Zurzach. Ibùdó ọkọ ojú irin Koblenz Dorf wà ní tòsí àárín ìlú ju ibùdó àkọ́kọ́ lọ, ṣùgbọ́n iye ọkọ ojú irin tí ń dúró níbẹ̀ kéré síi.<ref>{{cite map | publisher = Swiss Confederation | title = map.geo.admin.ch | url = http://map.geo.admin.ch/?selectedNode=node_ch.swisstopo.gg25-land-flaeche.fill1&Y=660452&X=273060.5&zoom=7&bgLayer=ch.swisstopo.pixelkarte-farbe&layers=ch.swisstopo.gg25-gemeinde-flaeche.fill,ch.swisstopo.gg25-kanton-flaeche.fill,ch.swisstopo.gg25-land-flaeche.fill&layers_opacity=1,1,1&layers_visibility=true,true,true&lang=en | access-date = 2012-02-03}}</ref><ref name=zvv>{{cite web|url=http://www.zvv.ch/export/sites/default/common-images/content-image-gallery/linien-zonen-pdfs/Liniennetzplan_ganzer_Verbund_2011.pdf |title=S-Bahn trains, buses and boats |publisher=ZVV |access-date=2012-02-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131035635/http://www.zvv.ch/export/sites/default/common-images/content-image-gallery/linien-zonen-pdfs/Liniennetzplan_ganzer_Verbund_2011.pdf |archive-date=2012-01-31 }}</ref> == itokasi == azdki51yq4ljcdxgnv4uwv5a60o7x0v 624959 624958 2026-07-02T08:54:22Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{other places|Koblenz (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Koblenz|municipality_type=municipality and town|image_photo=Koblenz AG.jpg|imagepath_coa=Wappen Koblenz AG.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Aargau|iso-code-region=CH-AG|district=[[Zurzach (district)|Zurzach]]|coordinates={{coord|47|37|N|8|14|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=5322|municipality_code=4310|area=4.09|elevation=319|elevation_description=|population=1589|populationof=December 2004|popofyear=2004|website=www.koblenz.ch|neighboring_municipalities=[[Klingnau]], [[Küssaberg]] (DE-BW), [[Leuggern]], [[Rietheim, Switzerland|Rietheim]], [[Waldshut-Tiengen]] (DE-BW)|imagepath_flag=CHE Koblenz Flag.svg}} Koblenz (tàbí Coblenz) jẹ́ ìlú àti agbègbè ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Zurzach, ní kántónì Aargau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switsalandi (Switzerland). ==Ẹ̀sìn== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, àwọn ènìyàn 720 (ìyẹn 44.7%) jẹ́ ọmọ Ìjọ Roman Kátólíìkì, nígbà tí àwọn ènìyàn 446 (ìyẹn 27.7%) jẹ́ ọmọ Ìjọ Swiss Reformed. Lára àwọn olùgbé tó kù, àwọn ènìyàn méje (7) (tàbí ní ìwọ̀n 0.43% ti olùgbé) jẹ́ ọmọ Ìjọ Christian Catholic ti Switzerland.<ref name=zahlen>[http://www.ag.ch/staag/ Statistical Department of Canton Aargau - Aargauer Zahlen 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222045014/http://www.ag.ch/staag/ |date=2012-02-22 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 20 January 2010</ref> ==Ẹ̀kọ́== Gbogbo àwọn ará ilẹ̀ Switzerland ní àǹfààní ẹ̀kọ́ tó dára. Ní Koblenz, nǹkan bí 63.6% àwọn olùgbé tí ọjọ́-ori wọn wà láàárín ọdún 25 sí 64 ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ (upper secondary education) tàbí wọ́n ti gba ẹ̀kọ́ gíga síi ní yunifásítì tàbí Fachhochschule (ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga ìmọ̀ ẹ̀rọ àti iṣẹ́ amọ̀ja). Ní ọdún ẹ̀kọ́ 2008/2009, àwọn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ 121 ń kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ (primary school) ní ìjọba ìbílẹ̀ Koblenz.<ref name=zahlen/> ==Ọ̀nà ìrìn àjò== Koblenz ní àwọn ibùdó ọkọ ojú irin méjì. Ibùdó ọkọ ojú irin Koblenz ni àwọn iṣẹ́ Zurich S-Bahn lórí ìlà S36, tí ó so Bülach pọ̀ mọ́ Waldshut, àti Aargau S-Bahn lórí ìlà S27, tí ó ń so Baden àti Koblenz pọ̀. Díẹ̀ lára àwọn ọkọ ojú irin S27 sì máa ń tẹ̀síwájú lọ sí Waldshut tàbí Bad Zurzach. Ibùdó ọkọ ojú irin Koblenz Dorf wà ní tòsí àárín ìlú ju ibùdó àkọ́kọ́ lọ, ṣùgbọ́n iye ọkọ ojú irin tí ń dúró níbẹ̀ kéré síi.<ref>{{cite map | publisher = Swiss Confederation | title = map.geo.admin.ch | url = http://map.geo.admin.ch/?selectedNode=node_ch.swisstopo.gg25-land-flaeche.fill1&Y=660452&X=273060.5&zoom=7&bgLayer=ch.swisstopo.pixelkarte-farbe&layers=ch.swisstopo.gg25-gemeinde-flaeche.fill,ch.swisstopo.gg25-kanton-flaeche.fill,ch.swisstopo.gg25-land-flaeche.fill&layers_opacity=1,1,1&layers_visibility=true,true,true&lang=en | access-date = 2012-02-03}}</ref><ref name=zvv>{{cite web|url=http://www.zvv.ch/export/sites/default/common-images/content-image-gallery/linien-zonen-pdfs/Liniennetzplan_ganzer_Verbund_2011.pdf |title=S-Bahn trains, buses and boats |publisher=ZVV |access-date=2012-02-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131035635/http://www.zvv.ch/export/sites/default/common-images/content-image-gallery/linien-zonen-pdfs/Liniennetzplan_ganzer_Verbund_2011.pdf |archive-date=2012-01-31 }}</ref> == itokasi == 5ib0p3q2loyngcigk0ubodhzvh8belu 0 80800 624960 2026-07-02T08:56:41Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 New article 624960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchberg|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=Bazenheid.jpg|image_caption=Kirchberg Bazenheid village|imagepath_coa=Kirchberg SG-blazon.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=St. Gallen|iso-code-region=CH-SG|district=[[Toggenburg (Wahlkreis)|Toggenburg]]|coordinates={{coord|47|24|N|9|2|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=9533|municipality_code=3392|area=42.59|elevation=735|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-SG|3392}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-SG}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-SG}}|website=www.kirchberg.ch|mayor=Christoph Häne|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Fischingen]] (TG), [[Jonschwil]], [[Lütisburg]], [[Mosnang]], [[Rickenbach, Thurgau|Rickenbach]] (TG), [[Sirnach]] (TG), [[Wilen]] (TG)|twintowns=}} '''Kirchberg''' ({{IPA|de-CH|ˈkɪrçbɛrɡ|-|De-Kirchberg.ogg}}) is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the ''Wahlkreis'' (constituency) of [[Toggenburg (Wahlkreis)|Toggenburg]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[St. Gallen (canton)|St. Gallen]] in [[Switzerland]]. [[Fáìlì:Kirchberg_SG_(Foto_Dietrich_Michael_Weidmann)_074.JPG|left|thumb|250x250px|Kirchberg]] jhx0yfsg87cxwcic4ujbgebqcgw0kii 624961 624960 2026-07-02T08:58:08Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchberg|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=Bazenheid.jpg|image_caption=Kirchberg Bazenheid village|imagepath_coa=Kirchberg SG-blazon.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=St. Gallen|iso-code-region=CH-SG|district=[[Toggenburg (Wahlkreis)|Toggenburg]]|coordinates={{coord|47|24|N|9|2|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=9533|municipality_code=3392|area=42.59|elevation=735|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-SG|3392}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-SG}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-SG}}|website=www.kirchberg.ch|mayor=Christoph Häne|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Fischingen]] (TG), [[Jonschwil]], [[Lütisburg]], [[Mosnang]], [[Rickenbach, Thurgau|Rickenbach]] (TG), [[Sirnach]] (TG), [[Wilen]] (TG)|twintowns=}} '''Kirchberg''' jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan nínú Wahlkreis (àgbègbè ìdìbò) ti Toggenburg, ní kantoni St. Gallen, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. [[Fáìlì:Kirchberg_SG_(Foto_Dietrich_Michael_Weidmann)_074.JPG|left|thumb|250x250px|Kirchberg]] tddo5hbba8lu29re9hh9bo7d3qysybc 624962 624961 2026-07-02T08:59:19Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchberg|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=Bazenheid.jpg|image_caption=Kirchberg Bazenheid village|imagepath_coa=Kirchberg SG-blazon.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=St. Gallen|iso-code-region=CH-SG|district=[[Toggenburg (Wahlkreis)|Toggenburg]]|coordinates={{coord|47|24|N|9|2|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=9533|municipality_code=3392|area=42.59|elevation=735|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-SG|3392}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-SG}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-SG}}|website=www.kirchberg.ch|mayor=Christoph Häne|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Fischingen]] (TG), [[Jonschwil]], [[Lütisburg]], [[Mosnang]], [[Rickenbach, Thurgau|Rickenbach]] (TG), [[Sirnach]] (TG), [[Wilen]] (TG)|twintowns=}} '''Kirchberg''' jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan nínú Wahlkreis (àgbègbè ìdìbò) ti Toggenburg, ní kantoni St. Gallen, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. [[Fáìlì:Kirchberg_SG_(Foto_Dietrich_Michael_Weidmann)_074.JPG|left|thumb|250x250px|Kirchberg]] == Ìtàn == Akọ́kọ́ ìgbà tí a mẹ́nu kàn Kirchberg nínú àwọn ìwé ìtàn ni ọdún 1222, nígbà tí a kọ orúkọ rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ''Kilchberc''.<ref name=HDS/> st9egxs5t0d8bmfjgddvb62bg3dwxeb 624963 624962 2026-07-02T08:59:42Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchberg|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=Bazenheid.jpg|image_caption=Kirchberg Bazenheid village|imagepath_coa=Kirchberg SG-blazon.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=St. Gallen|iso-code-region=CH-SG|district=[[Toggenburg (Wahlkreis)|Toggenburg]]|coordinates={{coord|47|24|N|9|2|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=9533|municipality_code=3392|area=42.59|elevation=735|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-SG|3392}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-SG}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-SG}}|website=www.kirchberg.ch|mayor=Christoph Häne|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Fischingen]] (TG), [[Jonschwil]], [[Lütisburg]], [[Mosnang]], [[Rickenbach, Thurgau|Rickenbach]] (TG), [[Sirnach]] (TG), [[Wilen]] (TG)|twintowns=}} '''Kirchberg''' jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan nínú Wahlkreis (àgbègbè ìdìbò) ti Toggenburg, ní kantoni St. Gallen, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. [[Fáìlì:Kirchberg_SG_(Foto_Dietrich_Michael_Weidmann)_074.JPG|left|thumb|250x250px|Kirchberg]] == Ìtàn == Akọ́kọ́ ìgbà tí a mẹ́nu kàn Kirchberg nínú àwọn ìwé ìtàn ni ọdún 1222, nígbà tí a kọ orúkọ rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ''Kilchberc''.<ref name=HDS/> ==itokasi== 8ytatoyi0zmxg3ptl2fgqxckwr7c4r7 624964 624963 2026-07-02T09:00:48Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchberg|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=Bazenheid.jpg|image_caption=Kirchberg Bazenheid village|imagepath_coa=Kirchberg SG-blazon.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=St. Gallen|iso-code-region=CH-SG|district=[[Toggenburg (Wahlkreis)|Toggenburg]]|coordinates={{coord|47|24|N|9|2|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=9533|municipality_code=3392|area=42.59|elevation=735|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-SG|3392}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-SG}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-SG}}|website=www.kirchberg.ch|mayor=Christoph Häne|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Fischingen]] (TG), [[Jonschwil]], [[Lütisburg]], [[Mosnang]], [[Rickenbach, Thurgau|Rickenbach]] (TG), [[Sirnach]] (TG), [[Wilen]] (TG)|twintowns=}} '''Kirchberg''' jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan nínú Wahlkreis (àgbègbè ìdìbò) ti Toggenburg, ní kantoni St. Gallen, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. [[Fáìlì:Kirchberg_SG_(Foto_Dietrich_Michael_Weidmann)_074.JPG|left|thumb|250x250px|Kirchberg]] == Ìtàn == Akọ́kọ́ ìgbà tí a mẹ́nu kàn Kirchberg nínú àwọn ìwé ìtàn ni ọdún 1222, nígbà tí a kọ orúkọ rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ''Kilchberc''.<ref name=HDS/> == Àwọn ibi ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀-ìtàn pàtàkì ní orílẹ̀-èdè == Ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì Páríìṣì Kátólíìkì àti ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì ìrìn-àjò mímọ́ ti Mímọ́ Peteru àti Paulu wà lára àwọn ibi ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀-ìtàn tí ó ṣe pàtàkì jù lọ ní Switzerland. Àwọn aláṣẹ Switzerland ti forúkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀-ìtàn orílẹ̀-èdè. Abúlé kékeré Bäbikon náà jẹ́ apá kan nínú Àtòkọ Àwọn Ibi Ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀-Ìtàn ti Switzerland.<ref>[http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.html ...]</ref><ref>[http://www.isos.ch/en/nationale/index.asp ...]</ref> ==itokasi== 0k9apk27joqa6z2frm877fynwa1ijv6 624965 624964 2026-07-02T09:02:49Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchberg|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=Bazenheid.jpg|image_caption=Kirchberg Bazenheid village|imagepath_coa=Kirchberg SG-blazon.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=St. Gallen|iso-code-region=CH-SG|district=[[Toggenburg (Wahlkreis)|Toggenburg]]|coordinates={{coord|47|24|N|9|2|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=9533|municipality_code=3392|area=42.59|elevation=735|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-SG|3392}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-SG}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-SG}}|website=www.kirchberg.ch|mayor=Christoph Häne|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Fischingen]] (TG), [[Jonschwil]], [[Lütisburg]], [[Mosnang]], [[Rickenbach, Thurgau|Rickenbach]] (TG), [[Sirnach]] (TG), [[Wilen]] (TG)|twintowns=}} '''Kirchberg''' jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan nínú Wahlkreis (àgbègbè ìdìbò) ti Toggenburg, ní kantoni St. Gallen, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. [[Fáìlì:Kirchberg_SG_(Foto_Dietrich_Michael_Weidmann)_074.JPG|left|thumb|250x250px|Kirchberg]] == Ìtàn == Akọ́kọ́ ìgbà tí a mẹ́nu kàn Kirchberg nínú àwọn ìwé ìtàn ni ọdún 1222, nígbà tí a kọ orúkọ rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ''Kilchberc''.<ref name=HDS/> == Àwọn ibi ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀-ìtàn pàtàkì ní orílẹ̀-èdè == Ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì Páríìṣì Kátólíìkì àti ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì ìrìn-àjò mímọ́ ti Mímọ́ Peteru àti Paulu wà lára àwọn ibi ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀-ìtàn tí ó ṣe pàtàkì jù lọ ní Switzerland. Àwọn aláṣẹ Switzerland ti forúkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀-ìtàn orílẹ̀-èdè. Abúlé kékeré Bäbikon náà jẹ́ apá kan nínú Àtòkọ Àwọn Ibi Ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀-Ìtàn ti Switzerland.<ref>[http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.html ...]</ref><ref>[http://www.isos.ch/en/nationale/index.asp ...]</ref> == Ìrìn àjò == Kirchberg wà lórí ojú irin Wil–Ebnat-Kappel, láàárín Wattwil àti Wil. Ìlú náà ní iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú irin St. Gallen S-Bahn, tí ó dúró ní ibùdó ọkọ̀ ojú irin Bazenheid (Bazenheid railway station). ==itokasi== gv4xop63u9qr0cxmflph1q2wc1qjsmf 624966 624965 2026-07-02T09:03:51Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchberg|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=Bazenheid.jpg|image_caption=Kirchberg Bazenheid village|imagepath_coa=Kirchberg SG-blazon.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=St. Gallen|iso-code-region=CH-SG|district=[[Toggenburg (Wahlkreis)|Toggenburg]]|coordinates={{coord|47|24|N|9|2|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=9533|municipality_code=3392|area=42.59|elevation=735|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-SG|3392}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-SG}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-SG}}|website=www.kirchberg.ch|mayor=Christoph Häne|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Fischingen]] (TG), [[Jonschwil]], [[Lütisburg]], [[Mosnang]], [[Rickenbach, Thurgau|Rickenbach]] (TG), [[Sirnach]] (TG), [[Wilen]] (TG)|twintowns=}} '''Kirchberg''' jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan nínú Wahlkreis (àgbègbè ìdìbò) ti Toggenburg, ní kantoni St. Gallen, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. [[Fáìlì:Kirchberg_SG_(Foto_Dietrich_Michael_Weidmann)_074.JPG|left|thumb|250x250px|Kirchberg]] == Ìtàn == Akọ́kọ́ ìgbà tí a mẹ́nu kàn Kirchberg nínú àwọn ìwé ìtàn ni ọdún 1222, nígbà tí a kọ orúkọ rẹ̀ sílẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ''Kilchberc''.<ref name=HDS/> == Àwọn ibi ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀-ìtàn pàtàkì ní orílẹ̀-èdè == Ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì Páríìṣì Kátólíìkì àti ṣọ́ọ̀ṣì ìrìn-àjò mímọ́ ti Mímọ́ Peteru àti Paulu wà lára àwọn ibi ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀-ìtàn tí ó ṣe pàtàkì jù lọ ní Switzerland. Àwọn aláṣẹ Switzerland ti forúkọsílẹ̀ rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ibi ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀-ìtàn orílẹ̀-èdè. Abúlé kékeré Bäbikon náà jẹ́ apá kan nínú Àtòkọ Àwọn Ibi Ìṣẹ̀dálẹ̀-Ìtàn ti Switzerland.<ref>[http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.html ...]</ref><ref>[http://www.isos.ch/en/nationale/index.asp ...]</ref> == Ìrìn àjò == Kirchberg wà lórí ojú irin Wil–Ebnat-Kappel, láàárín Wattwil àti Wil. Ìlú náà ní iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ ojú irin St. Gallen S-Bahn, tí ó dúró ní ibùdó ọkọ̀ ojú irin Bazenheid (Bazenheid railway station). == Àwọn ènìyàn olókìkí == [[Arthur Wittwer]] (bí ní 1927) jẹ́ akọ̀sáré jíjìn ará Ṣúwísà, ó sì kópa nínú ìdíje maratoni ní [[1960 Summer Olympics]]. [[Ida of Toggenburg]] (ní àárín ọdún 1140 – ní àárín ọdún 1226) jẹ́ ajẹ́bọ̀n (nun) àti ẹni mímọ́ nínú ìgbàgbọ́ Kátólíìkì. ==itokasi== k330mdrbym4c2nuxs7zjv7vow4blm97 0 80801 624967 2026-07-02T09:06:22Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 Ṣ'èdá ojúewé pẹ̀lú "{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchleerau|municipality_type=municipality|image_skyline={{multiple image | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | caption_align = center | perrow = 1/1 | image1 = Kirchleerau Kirche.jpg | caption1 = Kirchleerau village church | image2 = Kirchleerau.jpg | caption2 = }}|imagepath_coa=Wappen Kirchleerau AG.svg|canton=Aargau|iso-code-region=CH-AG|district=Zofingen (district)|Zo..." 624967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchleerau|municipality_type=municipality|image_skyline={{multiple image | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | caption_align = center | perrow = 1/1 | image1 = Kirchleerau Kirche.jpg | caption1 = Kirchleerau village church | image2 = Kirchleerau.jpg | caption2 = }}|imagepath_coa=Wappen Kirchleerau AG.svg|canton=Aargau|iso-code-region=CH-AG|district=[[Zofingen (district)|Zofingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|17|N|8|4|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=5054|municipality_code=4275|area=4.36|population=784|populationof=|popofyear=|elevation=512|elevation_description=|website=www.kirchleerau.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Moosleerau]], [[Schlossrued]], [[Schmiedrued]], [[Staffelbach]]|twintowns=|imagepath_flag=CHE Kirchleerau Flag Var.svg}} '''Kirchleerau''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Zofingen (district)|Zofingen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Aargau]] in [[Switzerland]]. rys7wog02pfj9ws63ojxf5ahvl7cwk0 624968 624967 2026-07-02T09:08:08Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchleerau|municipality_type=municipality|image_skyline={{multiple image | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | caption_align = center | perrow = 1/1 | image1 = Kirchleerau Kirche.jpg | caption1 = Kirchleerau village church | image2 = Kirchleerau.jpg | caption2 = }}|imagepath_coa=Wappen Kirchleerau AG.svg|canton=Aargau|iso-code-region=CH-AG|district=[[Zofingen (district)|Zofingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|17|N|8|4|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=5054|municipality_code=4275|area=4.36|population=784|populationof=|popofyear=|elevation=512|elevation_description=|website=www.kirchleerau.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Moosleerau]], [[Schlossrued]], [[Schmiedrued]], [[Staffelbach]]|twintowns=|imagepath_flag=CHE Kirchleerau Flag Var.svg}} Kirchleerau jẹ́ ìlú kan ní àgbègbè Zofingen, ní agbègbè ìṣàkóso Aargau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. l57njjjai7kw1kgntgggppx5uw7u6tl 624969 624968 2026-07-02T09:08:43Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchleerau|municipality_type=municipality|image_skyline={{multiple image | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | caption_align = center | perrow = 1/1 | image1 = Kirchleerau Kirche.jpg | caption1 = Kirchleerau village church | image2 = Kirchleerau.jpg | caption2 = }}|imagepath_coa=Wappen Kirchleerau AG.svg|canton=Aargau|iso-code-region=CH-AG|district=[[Zofingen (district)|Zofingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|17|N|8|4|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=5054|municipality_code=4275|area=4.36|population=784|populationof=|popofyear=|elevation=512|elevation_description=|website=www.kirchleerau.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Moosleerau]], [[Schlossrued]], [[Schmiedrued]], [[Staffelbach]]|twintowns=|imagepath_flag=CHE Kirchleerau Flag Var.svg}} Kirchleerau jẹ́ ìlú kan ní àgbègbè Zofingen, ní agbègbè ìṣàkóso Aargau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Coat of arms== The [[blazon]] of the municipal [[coat of arms]] is ''Azure a Church Argent windowed and doored Sable and roofed Gules on a Base Vert.'' The church ({{langx|de|Kirche}}) makes this an example of [[canting arms|canting]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050517100757/http://www.fotw.us/flags/ch-ag195.html Flags of the World.com]}} accessed 31-May-2010</ref> hddvi0t9x1f00tngq4qi4ufo8ycnrb1 624970 624969 2026-07-02T09:09:42Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Àmì apata (Coat of arms) */ 624970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchleerau|municipality_type=municipality|image_skyline={{multiple image | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | caption_align = center | perrow = 1/1 | image1 = Kirchleerau Kirche.jpg | caption1 = Kirchleerau village church | image2 = Kirchleerau.jpg | caption2 = }}|imagepath_coa=Wappen Kirchleerau AG.svg|canton=Aargau|iso-code-region=CH-AG|district=[[Zofingen (district)|Zofingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|17|N|8|4|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=5054|municipality_code=4275|area=4.36|population=784|populationof=|popofyear=|elevation=512|elevation_description=|website=www.kirchleerau.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Moosleerau]], [[Schlossrued]], [[Schmiedrued]], [[Staffelbach]]|twintowns=|imagepath_flag=CHE Kirchleerau Flag Var.svg}} Kirchleerau jẹ́ ìlú kan ní àgbègbè Zofingen, ní agbègbè ìṣàkóso Aargau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Àmì apata (Coat of arms)== Àpèjúwe (blazon) ti àmì apata ìlú náà ni: “Azure a Church Argent windowed and doored Sable and roofed Gules on a Base Vert.” Ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ni pé ilé ìjọsìn kan (tí a fi fà àwòrán rẹ̀ sí fúnfun fadaka) wà lórí pápá aláwọ̀ bulu, pẹ̀lú ferese àti ilẹ̀kùn dudu, orí ilé náà sì jẹ́ pupa, tí ó sì dúró lórí ilẹ̀ aláwọ̀ ewé. Ilé ìjọsìn ({{langx|de|Kirche}}) náà jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ohun tí a ń pè ní canting arms, ìyẹn ni àmì apata tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń tọ́ka sí ohun tí a fà (níbí, “kirche” túmọ̀ sí ìjọsìn ní Jámánì).{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050517100757/http://www.fotw.us/flags/ch-ag195.html⁠� Flags of the World.com]}} accessed 31-May-2010 kkm2norwxhg0vqiaacx5bqm2vocxjcl 624971 624970 2026-07-02T09:10:28Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchleerau|municipality_type=municipality|image_skyline={{multiple image | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | caption_align = center | perrow = 1/1 | image1 = Kirchleerau Kirche.jpg | caption1 = Kirchleerau village church | image2 = Kirchleerau.jpg | caption2 = }}|imagepath_coa=Wappen Kirchleerau AG.svg|canton=Aargau|iso-code-region=CH-AG|district=[[Zofingen (district)|Zofingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|17|N|8|4|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=5054|municipality_code=4275|area=4.36|population=784|populationof=|popofyear=|elevation=512|elevation_description=|website=www.kirchleerau.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Moosleerau]], [[Schlossrued]], [[Schmiedrued]], [[Staffelbach]]|twintowns=|imagepath_flag=CHE Kirchleerau Flag Var.svg}} Kirchleerau jẹ́ ìlú kan ní àgbègbè Zofingen, ní agbègbè ìṣàkóso Aargau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Àmì apata (Coat of arms)== Àpèjúwe (blazon) ti àmì apata ìlú náà ni: “Azure a Church Argent windowed and doored Sable and roofed Gules on a Base Vert.” Ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ni pé ilé ìjọsìn kan (tí a fi fà àwòrán rẹ̀ sí fúnfun fadaka) wà lórí pápá aláwọ̀ bulu, pẹ̀lú ferese àti ilẹ̀kùn dudu, orí ilé náà sì jẹ́ pupa, tí ó sì dúró lórí ilẹ̀ aláwọ̀ ewé. Ilé ìjọsìn ({{langx|de|Kirche}}) náà jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ohun tí a ń pè ní canting arms, ìyẹn ni àmì apata tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń tọ́ka sí ohun tí a fà (níbí, “kirche” túmọ̀ sí ìjọsìn ní Jámánì) accessed 31-May-2010 56hiy92tkz6eae76444c5zolq41qgwh 624972 624971 2026-07-02T09:11:39Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchleerau|municipality_type=municipality|image_skyline={{multiple image | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | caption_align = center | perrow = 1/1 | image1 = Kirchleerau Kirche.jpg | caption1 = Kirchleerau village church | image2 = Kirchleerau.jpg | caption2 = }}|imagepath_coa=Wappen Kirchleerau AG.svg|canton=Aargau|iso-code-region=CH-AG|district=[[Zofingen (district)|Zofingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|17|N|8|4|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=5054|municipality_code=4275|area=4.36|population=784|populationof=|popofyear=|elevation=512|elevation_description=|website=www.kirchleerau.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Moosleerau]], [[Schlossrued]], [[Schmiedrued]], [[Staffelbach]]|twintowns=|imagepath_flag=CHE Kirchleerau Flag Var.svg}} Kirchleerau jẹ́ ìlú kan ní àgbègbè Zofingen, ní agbègbè ìṣàkóso Aargau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Àmì apata (Coat of arms)== Àpèjúwe (blazon) ti àmì apata ìlú náà ni: “Azure a Church Argent windowed and doored Sable and roofed Gules on a Base Vert.” Ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ni pé ilé ìjọsìn kan (tí a fi fà àwòrán rẹ̀ sí fúnfun fadaka) wà lórí pápá aláwọ̀ bulu, pẹ̀lú ferese àti ilẹ̀kùn dudu, orí ilé náà sì jẹ́ pupa, tí ó sì dúró lórí ilẹ̀ aláwọ̀ ewé. Ilé ìjọsìn ({{langx|de|Kirche}}) náà jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ohun tí a ń pè ní canting arms, ìyẹn ni àmì apata tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń tọ́ka sí ohun tí a fà (níbí, “kirche” túmọ̀ sí ìjọsìn ní Jámánì) accessed 31-May-2010 ==Ìsìn (Religion)== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, 126 (18.0%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí 492 (70.2%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church.[http://www.ag.ch/staag/⁠� Statistical Department of Canton Aargau - Aargauer Zahlen 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222045014/http://www.ag.ch/staag/⁠� |date=2012-02-22 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 20 January 2010 eij0y79bi18f19g4hgl9lhaxmqodifs 624973 624972 2026-07-02T09:13:47Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchleerau|municipality_type=municipality|image_skyline={{multiple image | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | caption_align = center | perrow = 1/1 | image1 = Kirchleerau Kirche.jpg | caption1 = Kirchleerau village church | image2 = Kirchleerau.jpg | caption2 = }}|imagepath_coa=Wappen Kirchleerau AG.svg|canton=Aargau|iso-code-region=CH-AG|district=[[Zofingen (district)|Zofingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|17|N|8|4|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=5054|municipality_code=4275|area=4.36|population=784|populationof=|popofyear=|elevation=512|elevation_description=|website=www.kirchleerau.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Moosleerau]], [[Schlossrued]], [[Schmiedrued]], [[Staffelbach]]|twintowns=|imagepath_flag=CHE Kirchleerau Flag Var.svg}} Kirchleerau jẹ́ ìlú kan ní àgbègbè Zofingen, ní agbègbè ìṣàkóso Aargau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Àmì apata (Coat of arms)== Àpèjúwe (blazon) ti àmì apata ìlú náà ni: “Azure a Church Argent windowed and doored Sable and roofed Gules on a Base Vert.” Ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ni pé ilé ìjọsìn kan (tí a fi fà àwòrán rẹ̀ sí fúnfun fadaka) wà lórí pápá aláwọ̀ bulu, pẹ̀lú ferese àti ilẹ̀kùn dudu, orí ilé náà sì jẹ́ pupa, tí ó sì dúró lórí ilẹ̀ aláwọ̀ ewé. Ilé ìjọsìn ({{langx|de|Kirche}}) náà jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ohun tí a ń pè ní canting arms, ìyẹn ni àmì apata tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń tọ́ka sí ohun tí a fà (níbí, “kirche” túmọ̀ sí ìjọsìn ní Jámánì) accessed 31-May-2010 ==Ìsìn (Religion)== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, 126 (18.0%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí 492 (70.2%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church.[http://www.ag.ch/staag/⁠� Statistical Department of Canton Aargau - Aargauer Zahlen 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222045014/http://www.ag.ch/staag/⁠� |date=2012-02-22 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 20 January 2010 Ẹ̀kọ́ (Education) Gbogbo olùgbé orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland ni a kà sí pé wọ́n ti ní ẹ̀kọ́ tó dára. Ní Kirchleerau, nǹkan bí 76.8% ti àwọn olùgbé (ní àárín ọjọ́ orí 25 sí 64 ọdún) ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ girama kejì (upper secondary education) tàbí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga míràn (bíi yunifásítì tàbí Fachhochschule). Ní ti àwọn ọmọ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ní ọdún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ 2008/2009, 59 ọmọ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ (primary school) ló wà ní ìlú náà.<ref name=SFSO/> Of the school age population ({{as of|2009|alt=in the 2008/2009 school year}}), there are 59 students attending [[Education in Switzerland#Primary|primary school]] in the municipality.<ref name=zahlen/> ak2o2tggymfkv4amtp1u3ax984swwgs 624974 624973 2026-07-02T09:14:14Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Ìsìn (Religion) */ 624974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchleerau|municipality_type=municipality|image_skyline={{multiple image | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | caption_align = center | perrow = 1/1 | image1 = Kirchleerau Kirche.jpg | caption1 = Kirchleerau village church | image2 = Kirchleerau.jpg | caption2 = }}|imagepath_coa=Wappen Kirchleerau AG.svg|canton=Aargau|iso-code-region=CH-AG|district=[[Zofingen (district)|Zofingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|17|N|8|4|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=5054|municipality_code=4275|area=4.36|population=784|populationof=|popofyear=|elevation=512|elevation_description=|website=www.kirchleerau.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Moosleerau]], [[Schlossrued]], [[Schmiedrued]], [[Staffelbach]]|twintowns=|imagepath_flag=CHE Kirchleerau Flag Var.svg}} Kirchleerau jẹ́ ìlú kan ní àgbègbè Zofingen, ní agbègbè ìṣàkóso Aargau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Àmì apata (Coat of arms)== Àpèjúwe (blazon) ti àmì apata ìlú náà ni: “Azure a Church Argent windowed and doored Sable and roofed Gules on a Base Vert.” Ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ni pé ilé ìjọsìn kan (tí a fi fà àwòrán rẹ̀ sí fúnfun fadaka) wà lórí pápá aláwọ̀ bulu, pẹ̀lú ferese àti ilẹ̀kùn dudu, orí ilé náà sì jẹ́ pupa, tí ó sì dúró lórí ilẹ̀ aláwọ̀ ewé. Ilé ìjọsìn ({{langx|de|Kirche}}) náà jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ohun tí a ń pè ní canting arms, ìyẹn ni àmì apata tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń tọ́ka sí ohun tí a fà (níbí, “kirche” túmọ̀ sí ìjọsìn ní Jámánì) accessed 31-May-2010 ==Ìsìn (Religion)== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, 126 (18.0%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí 492 (70.2%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church.[http://www.ag.ch/staag/⁠� Statistical Department of Canton Aargau - Aargauer Zahlen 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222045014/http://www.ag.ch/staag/⁠� |date=2012-02-22 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 20 January 2010 ==Ẹ̀kọ́ (Education)== Gbogbo olùgbé orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland ni a kà sí pé wọ́n ti ní ẹ̀kọ́ tó dára. Ní Kirchleerau, nǹkan bí 76.8% ti àwọn olùgbé (ní àárín ọjọ́ orí 25 sí 64 ọdún) ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ girama kejì (upper secondary education) tàbí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga míràn (bíi yunifásítì tàbí Fachhochschule). Ní ti àwọn ọmọ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ní ọdún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ 2008/2009, 59 ọmọ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ (primary school) ló wà ní ìlú náà.<ref name=SFSO/> Of the school age population ({{as of|2009|alt=in the 2008/2009 school year}}), there are 59 students attending [[Education in Switzerland#Primary|primary school]] in the municipality.<ref name=zahlen/> owwu5lxef47b1fmwgtzdig5k8e966c4 624975 624974 2026-07-02T09:14:41Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchleerau|municipality_type=municipality|image_skyline={{multiple image | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | caption_align = center | perrow = 1/1 | image1 = Kirchleerau Kirche.jpg | caption1 = Kirchleerau village church | image2 = Kirchleerau.jpg | caption2 = }}|imagepath_coa=Wappen Kirchleerau AG.svg|canton=Aargau|iso-code-region=CH-AG|district=[[Zofingen (district)|Zofingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|17|N|8|4|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=5054|municipality_code=4275|area=4.36|population=784|populationof=|popofyear=|elevation=512|elevation_description=|website=www.kirchleerau.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Moosleerau]], [[Schlossrued]], [[Schmiedrued]], [[Staffelbach]]|twintowns=|imagepath_flag=CHE Kirchleerau Flag Var.svg}} Kirchleerau jẹ́ ìlú kan ní àgbègbè Zofingen, ní agbègbè ìṣàkóso Aargau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Àmì apata (Coat of arms)== Àpèjúwe (blazon) ti àmì apata ìlú náà ni: “Azure a Church Argent windowed and doored Sable and roofed Gules on a Base Vert.” Ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ni pé ilé ìjọsìn kan (tí a fi fà àwòrán rẹ̀ sí fúnfun fadaka) wà lórí pápá aláwọ̀ bulu, pẹ̀lú ferese àti ilẹ̀kùn dudu, orí ilé náà sì jẹ́ pupa, tí ó sì dúró lórí ilẹ̀ aláwọ̀ ewé. Ilé ìjọsìn ({{langx|de|Kirche}}) náà jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ohun tí a ń pè ní canting arms, ìyẹn ni àmì apata tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń tọ́ka sí ohun tí a fà (níbí, “kirche” túmọ̀ sí ìjọsìn ní Jámánì) accessed 31-May-2010 ==Ìsìn (Religion)== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, 126 (18.0%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí 492 (70.2%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church.[http://www.ag.ch/staag/⁠� Statistical Department of Canton Aargau - Aargauer Zahlen 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222045014/http://www.ag.ch/staag/⁠� |date=2012-02-22 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 20 January 2010 ==Ẹ̀kọ́ (Education)== Gbogbo olùgbé orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland ni a kà sí pé wọ́n ti ní ẹ̀kọ́ tó dára. Ní Kirchleerau, nǹkan bí 76.8% ti àwọn olùgbé (ní àárín ọjọ́ orí 25 sí 64 ọdún) ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ girama kejì (upper secondary education) tàbí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga míràn (bíi yunifásítì tàbí Fachhochschule). Ní ti àwọn ọmọ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ní ọdún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ 2008/2009, 59 ọmọ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ (primary school) ló wà ní ìlú náà.<ref name=SFSO/> Of the school age population ({{as of|2009|alt=in the 2008/2009 school year}}), there are 59 students attending [[Education in Switzerland#Primary|primary school]] in the municipality.<ref name=zahlen/> ==Itokasi== o6dnc3qncpd025dsgmzxth7av5yjhsj 624976 624975 2026-07-02T09:19:34Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchleerau|municipality_type=municipality|image_skyline={{multiple image | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | caption_align = center | perrow = 1/1 | image1 = Kirchleerau Kirche.jpg | caption1 = Kirchleerau village church | image2 = Kirchleerau.jpg | caption2 = }}|imagepath_coa=Wappen Kirchleerau AG.svg|canton=Aargau|iso-code-region=CH-AG|district=[[Zofingen (district)|Zofingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|17|N|8|4|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=5054|municipality_code=4275|area=4.36|population=784|populationof=|popofyear=|elevation=512|elevation_description=|website=www.kirchleerau.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Moosleerau]], [[Schlossrued]], [[Schmiedrued]], [[Staffelbach]]|twintowns=|imagepath_flag=CHE Kirchleerau Flag Var.svg}} Kirchleerau jẹ́ ìlú kan ní àgbègbè Zofingen, ní agbègbè ìṣàkóso Aargau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Àmì apata (Coat of arms)== Àpèjúwe (blazon) ti àmì apata ìlú náà ni: “Azure a Church Argent windowed and doored Sable and roofed Gules on a Base Vert.” Ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ni pé ilé ìjọsìn kan (tí a fi fà àwòrán rẹ̀ sí fúnfun fadaka) wà lórí pápá aláwọ̀ bulu, pẹ̀lú ferese àti ilẹ̀kùn dudu, orí ilé náà sì jẹ́ pupa, tí ó sì dúró lórí ilẹ̀ aláwọ̀ ewé. Ilé ìjọsìn ({{langx|de|Kirche}}) náà jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ ohun tí a ń pè ní canting arms, ìyẹn ni àmì apata tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń tọ́ka sí ohun tí a fà (níbí, “kirche” túmọ̀ sí ìjọsìn ní Jámánì) accessed 31-May-2010 ==Ìsìn (Religion)== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, 126 (18.0%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí 492 (70.2%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church.[http://www.ag.ch/staag/⁠� Statistical Department of Canton Aargau - Aargauer Zahlen 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222045014/http://www.ag.ch/staag/⁠� |date=2012-02-22 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 20 January 2010 ==Ẹ̀kọ́ (Education)== Gbogbo olùgbé orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland ni a kà sí pé wọ́n ti ní ẹ̀kọ́ tó dára. Ní Kirchleerau, nǹkan bí 76.8% ti àwọn olùgbé (ní àárín ọjọ́ orí 25 sí 64 ọdún) ti parí ẹ̀kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ girama kejì (upper secondary education) tàbí ẹ̀kọ́ gíga míràn (bíi yunifásítì tàbí Fachhochschule). Ní ti àwọn ọmọ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́, ní ọdún ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ 2008/2009, 59 ọmọ ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ alákọ̀ọ́bẹ̀rẹ̀ (primary school) ló wà ní ìlú náà.<ref name=SFSO/> <ref name=zahlen/> ==Itokasi== 28tygl3mefo2o915s52uqzy52h6j041 0 80802 624977 2026-07-02T09:22:07Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 Ṣ'èdá ojúewé pẹ̀lú "{{Other uses|Kirchdorf (disambiguation)}}{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchdorf|image_photo=Pc050181.jpg|image_caption=Richly decorated farm house and village church in Kirchdorf village|municipality_type=municipality|imagepath_coa=CHE Kirchdorf COA.svg|imagepath_flag=CHE Kirchdorf Flag.svg|canton=Bern|iso-code-region=CH-BE|district=[[Bern-Mittelland (administrative district)|Bern-Mittelland]]|coordinates={{coord|46|49|N|7|33|E|display=inline,title}}|pos..." 624977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other uses|Kirchdorf (disambiguation)}}{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchdorf|image_photo=Pc050181.jpg|image_caption=Richly decorated farm house and village church in Kirchdorf village|municipality_type=municipality|imagepath_coa=CHE Kirchdorf COA.svg|imagepath_flag=CHE Kirchdorf Flag.svg|canton=Bern|iso-code-region=CH-BE|district=[[Bern-Mittelland (administrative district)|Bern-Mittelland]]|coordinates={{coord|46|49|N|7|33|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=3116|municipality_code=0872|area=6.1|elevation=611|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0872}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}}|website=www.kirchdorf-be.ch|mayor=Marco Lehmann<ref name=Mayor>[https://www.kirchdorf-be.ch/behoerden/gemeinderat Gemeinderat] 2025 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 21 may 2026</ref>|mayor_asof=2026|mayor_party=|executive_name=Gemeinderat|executive_number_of_members=7|mayor_title=Gemeindepräsident|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Burgistein]], [[Gerzensee]], [[Jaberg]], [[Kienersrüti]], [[Lohnstorf]], [[Mühledorf, Bern|Mühledorf]], [[Mühlethurnen]], [[Noflen]], [[Uttigen]], [[Wichtrach]]|twintowns=}} '''Kirchdorf''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the [[Bern-Mittelland (administrative district)|Bern-Mittelland administrative district]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]]. On 1 January 2018 the former municipalities of [[Gelterfingen]], [[Mühledorf, Bern|Mühledorf]] and [[Noflen]] merged into the municipality of Kirchdorf.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/grundlagen/agvch/historisiertes-gemeindeverzeichnis.html|title=Historisiertes Gemeindeverzeichnis|website=www.bfs.admin.ch|language=de|publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office|access-date=2018-01-03}}</ref> mt1c46ek9s99i2z9aah2qe3ylx4v8zc 624978 624977 2026-07-02T09:22:48Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other uses|Kirchdorf (disambiguation)}}{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchdorf|image_photo=Pc050181.jpg|image_caption=Richly decorated farm house and village church in Kirchdorf village|municipality_type=municipality|imagepath_coa=CHE Kirchdorf COA.svg|imagepath_flag=CHE Kirchdorf Flag.svg|canton=Bern|iso-code-region=CH-BE|district=[[Bern-Mittelland (administrative district)|Bern-Mittelland]]|coordinates={{coord|46|49|N|7|33|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=3116|municipality_code=0872|area=6.1|elevation=611|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0872}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}}|website=www.kirchdorf-be.ch|mayor=Marco Lehmann<ref name=Mayor>[https://www.kirchdorf-be.ch/behoerden/gemeinderat Gemeinderat] 2025 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 21 may 2026</ref>|mayor_asof=2026|mayor_party=|executive_name=Gemeinderat|executive_number_of_members=7|mayor_title=Gemeindepräsident|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Burgistein]], [[Gerzensee]], [[Jaberg]], [[Kienersrüti]], [[Lohnstorf]], [[Mühledorf, Bern|Mühledorf]], [[Mühlethurnen]], [[Noflen]], [[Uttigen]], [[Wichtrach]]|twintowns=}} '''Kirchdorf''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the [[Bern-Mittelland (administrative district)|Bern-Mittelland administrative district]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]]. On 1 January 2018 the former municipalities of [[Gelterfingen]], [[Mühledorf, Bern|Mühledorf]] and [[Noflen]] merged into the municipality of Kirchdorf.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/grundlagen/agvch/historisiertes-gemeindeverzeichnis.html|title=Historisiertes Gemeindeverzeichnis|website=www.bfs.admin.ch|language=de|publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office|access-date=2018-01-03}}</ref> ==itokási== nnka720o38bcgpemzuvppnwx8u45iw4 624980 624978 2026-07-02T09:24:25Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other uses|Kirchdorf (disambiguation)}}{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchdorf|image_photo=Pc050181.jpg|image_caption=Richly decorated farm house and village church in Kirchdorf village|municipality_type=municipality|imagepath_coa=CHE Kirchdorf COA.svg|imagepath_flag=CHE Kirchdorf Flag.svg|canton=Bern|iso-code-region=CH-BE|district=[[Bern-Mittelland (administrative district)|Bern-Mittelland]]|coordinates={{coord|46|49|N|7|33|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=3116|municipality_code=0872|area=6.1|elevation=611|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0872}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}}|website=www.kirchdorf-be.ch|mayor=Marco Lehmann<ref name=Mayor>[https://www.kirchdorf-be.ch/behoerden/gemeinderat Gemeinderat] 2025 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 21 may 2026</ref>|mayor_asof=2026|mayor_party=|executive_name=Gemeinderat|executive_number_of_members=7|mayor_title=Gemeindepräsident|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Burgistein]], [[Gerzensee]], [[Jaberg]], [[Kienersrüti]], [[Lohnstorf]], [[Mühledorf, Bern|Mühledorf]], [[Mühlethurnen]], [[Noflen]], [[Uttigen]], [[Wichtrach]]|twintowns=}} Kirchdorf jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè ìṣàkóso Bern-Mittelland, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Ní ọjọ́ kini Oṣù Kini odun 2018, àwọn ìlú ìṣàkóso tẹ́lẹ̀—Gelterfingen, Mühledorf, àti Noflen—darapọ̀ mọ́ Kirchdorf, wọ́n sì di apá ìlú náà.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/grundlagen/agvch/historisiertes-gemeindeverzeichnis.html|title=Historisiertes Gemeindeverzeichnis|website=www.bfs.admin.ch|language=de|publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office|access-date=2018-01-03}}</ref> ==itokási== 4ba2gdsvfovupmgpgacuu00mxcbb6ek 624983 624980 2026-07-02T09:34:38Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other uses|Kirchdorf (disambiguation)}}{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchdorf|image_photo=Pc050181.jpg|image_caption=Richly decorated farm house and village church in Kirchdorf village|municipality_type=municipality|imagepath_coa=CHE Kirchdorf COA.svg|imagepath_flag=CHE Kirchdorf Flag.svg|canton=Bern|iso-code-region=CH-BE|district=[[Bern-Mittelland (administrative district)|Bern-Mittelland]]|coordinates={{coord|46|49|N|7|33|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=3116|municipality_code=0872|area=6.1|elevation=611|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0872}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}}|website=www.kirchdorf-be.ch|mayor=Marco Lehmann<ref name=Mayor>[https://www.kirchdorf-be.ch/behoerden/gemeinderat Gemeinderat] 2025 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 21 may 2026</ref>|mayor_asof=2026|mayor_party=|executive_name=Gemeinderat|executive_number_of_members=7|mayor_title=Gemeindepräsident|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Burgistein]], [[Gerzensee]], [[Jaberg]], [[Kienersrüti]], [[Lohnstorf]], [[Mühledorf, Bern|Mühledorf]], [[Mühlethurnen]], [[Noflen]], [[Uttigen]], [[Wichtrach]]|twintowns=}} Kirchdorf jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè ìṣàkóso Bern-Mittelland, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Ní ọjọ́ kini Oṣù Kini odun 2018, àwọn ìlú ìṣàkóso tẹ́lẹ̀—Gelterfingen, Mühledorf, àti Noflen—darapọ̀ mọ́ Kirchdorf, wọ́n sì di apá ìlú náà.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/grundlagen/agvch/historisiertes-gemeindeverzeichnis.html|title=Historisiertes Gemeindeverzeichnis|website=www.bfs.admin.ch|language=de|publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office|access-date=2018-01-03}}</ref> ==itokasi== ==itokási== 29ln0y5xa81t95tcs2b15pg41vph41n 624984 624983 2026-07-02T09:35:21Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other uses|Kirchdorf (disambiguation)}}{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchdorf|image_photo=Pc050181.jpg|image_caption=Richly decorated farm house and village church in Kirchdorf village|municipality_type=municipality|imagepath_coa=CHE Kirchdorf COA.svg|imagepath_flag=CHE Kirchdorf Flag.svg|canton=Bern|iso-code-region=CH-BE|district=[[Bern-Mittelland (administrative district)|Bern-Mittelland]]|coordinates={{coord|46|49|N|7|33|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=3116|municipality_code=0872|area=6.1|elevation=611|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0872}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}}|website=www.kirchdorf-be.ch|mayor=Marco Lehmann<ref name=Mayor>[https://www.kirchdorf-be.ch/behoerden/gemeinderat Gemeinderat] 2025 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 21 may 2026</ref>|mayor_asof=2026|mayor_party=|executive_name=Gemeinderat|executive_number_of_members=7|mayor_title=Gemeindepräsident|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Burgistein]], [[Gerzensee]], [[Jaberg]], [[Kienersrüti]], [[Lohnstorf]], [[Mühledorf, Bern|Mühledorf]], [[Mühlethurnen]], [[Noflen]], [[Uttigen]], [[Wichtrach]]|twintowns=}} Kirchdorf jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè ìṣàkóso Bern-Mittelland, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Ní ọjọ́ kini Oṣù Kini odun 2018, àwọn ìlú ìṣàkóso tẹ́lẹ̀—Gelterfingen, Mühledorf, àti Noflen—darapọ̀ mọ́ Kirchdorf, wọ́n sì di apá ìlú náà.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/grundlagen/agvch/historisiertes-gemeindeverzeichnis.html|title=Historisiertes Gemeindeverzeichnis|website=www.bfs.admin.ch|language=de|publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office|access-date=2018-01-03}}</ref> ==itokási== 0zyv3uk4dqbkbe09zjd8p901n3dy55g 624985 624984 2026-07-02T09:36:44Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other uses|Kirchdorf (disambiguation)}}{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchdorf|image_photo=Pc050181.jpg|image_caption=Richly decorated farm house and village church in Kirchdorf village|municipality_type=municipality|imagepath_coa=CHE Kirchdorf COA.svg|imagepath_flag=CHE Kirchdorf Flag.svg|canton=Bern|iso-code-region=CH-BE|district=[[Bern-Mittelland (administrative district)|Bern-Mittelland]]|coordinates={{coord|46|49|N|7|33|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=3116|municipality_code=0872|area=6.1|elevation=611|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0872}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}}|website=www.kirchdorf-be.ch|mayor=Marco Lehmann<ref name=Mayor>[https://www.kirchdorf-be.ch/behoerden/gemeinderat Gemeinderat] 2025 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 21 may 2026</ref>|mayor_asof=2026|mayor_party=|executive_name=Gemeinderat|executive_number_of_members=7|mayor_title=Gemeindepräsident|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Burgistein]], [[Gerzensee]], [[Jaberg]], [[Kienersrüti]], [[Lohnstorf]], [[Mühledorf, Bern|Mühledorf]], [[Mühlethurnen]], [[Noflen]], [[Uttigen]], [[Wichtrach]]|twintowns=}} Kirchdorf jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè ìṣàkóso Bern-Mittelland, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Ní ọjọ́ kini Oṣù Kini odun 2018, àwọn ìlú ìṣàkóso tẹ́lẹ̀—Gelterfingen, Mühledorf, àti Noflen—darapọ̀ mọ́ Kirchdorf, wọ́n sì di apá ìlú náà.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/grundlagen/agvch/historisiertes-gemeindeverzeichnis.html|title=Historisiertes Gemeindeverzeichnis|website=www.bfs.admin.ch|language=de|publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office|access-date=2018-01-03}}</ref> ==Àmì apata (Coat of arms)== Àpèjúwe (blazon) ti àmì apata ìlú náà ni: “Gules a Butcher Axe Argent and on the Flanks of the last two Oxen Heads Sable horned, ringed and langued of the first.”[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ch-be313.html⁠� Flags of the World.com] accessed 1 April 2014 Ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ni pé àyà àpẹẹrẹ pupa (gules) ni a fi hàn, pẹ̀lú àáké aláwọ̀ fàdákà (butcher axe) ní àárín, àti ní ẹgbẹ́ méjèèjì rẹ̀ ni àwòrán orí màlúù méjì aláwọ̀ dúdú, pẹ̀lú ìwo wọn tí a ṣe àfihàn, tí a sì tún ṣe àlàyé ẹnu àti àyíká wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá àpẹẹrẹ àkọ́kọ́. ==itokási== oz2r89co4j447rvb976khjifbu8ef58 624988 624985 2026-07-02T09:38:29Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other uses|Kirchdorf (disambiguation)}}{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchdorf|image_photo=Pc050181.jpg|image_caption=Richly decorated farm house and village church in Kirchdorf village|municipality_type=municipality|imagepath_coa=CHE Kirchdorf COA.svg|imagepath_flag=CHE Kirchdorf Flag.svg|canton=Bern|iso-code-region=CH-BE|district=[[Bern-Mittelland (administrative district)|Bern-Mittelland]]|coordinates={{coord|46|49|N|7|33|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=3116|municipality_code=0872|area=6.1|elevation=611|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0872}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}}|website=www.kirchdorf-be.ch|mayor=Marco Lehmann<ref name=Mayor>[https://www.kirchdorf-be.ch/behoerden/gemeinderat Gemeinderat] 2025 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 21 may 2026</ref>|mayor_asof=2026|mayor_party=|executive_name=Gemeinderat|executive_number_of_members=7|mayor_title=Gemeindepräsident|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Burgistein]], [[Gerzensee]], [[Jaberg]], [[Kienersrüti]], [[Lohnstorf]], [[Mühledorf, Bern|Mühledorf]], [[Mühlethurnen]], [[Noflen]], [[Uttigen]], [[Wichtrach]]|twintowns=}} Kirchdorf jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè ìṣàkóso Bern-Mittelland, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Ní ọjọ́ kini Oṣù Kini odun 2018, àwọn ìlú ìṣàkóso tẹ́lẹ̀—Gelterfingen, Mühledorf, àti Noflen—darapọ̀ mọ́ Kirchdorf, wọ́n sì di apá ìlú náà.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/grundlagen/agvch/historisiertes-gemeindeverzeichnis.html|title=Historisiertes Gemeindeverzeichnis|website=www.bfs.admin.ch|language=de|publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office|access-date=2018-01-03}}</ref> ==Àmì apata (Coat of arms)== Àpèjúwe (blazon) ti àmì apata ìlú náà ni: “Gules a Butcher Axe Argent and on the Flanks of the last two Oxen Heads Sable horned, ringed and langued of the first.”[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ch-be313.html⁠� Flags of the World.com] accessed 1 April 2014 Ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ni pé àyà àpẹẹrẹ pupa (gules) ni a fi hàn, pẹ̀lú àáké aláwọ̀ fàdákà (butcher axe) ní àárín, àti ní ẹgbẹ́ méjèèjì rẹ̀ ni àwòrán orí màlúù méjì aláwọ̀ dúdú, pẹ̀lú ìwo wọn tí a ṣe àfihàn, tí a sì tún ṣe àlàyé ẹnu àti àyíká wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá àpẹẹrẹ àkọ́kọ́. ==Ìsìn (Religion)== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, 654 (79.9%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church, nígbà tí 43 (5.3%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic. Nínú àwọn yòókù, 1 ni ọmọ ìjọ Orthodox, 2 (nípa 0.24%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland, àti 44 (nípa 5.37%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Kristẹni míràn. 2 (nípa 0.24%) jẹ́ Musulumi, 1 sì jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ míràn. 53 (nípa 6.47%) kò ní ìjọ kankan, wọ́n jẹ́ agnostic tàbí atheist, nígbà tí 19 (nípa 2.32%) kò dáhùn ìbéèrè yìí.<ref name=STAT2000/> ==itokási== n5v5k5x8q0v7bfuky548q7wfo64pq81 624992 624988 2026-07-02T09:40:08Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other uses|Kirchdorf (disambiguation)}}{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchdorf|image_photo=Pc050181.jpg|image_caption=Richly decorated farm house and village church in Kirchdorf village|municipality_type=municipality|imagepath_coa=CHE Kirchdorf COA.svg|imagepath_flag=CHE Kirchdorf Flag.svg|canton=Bern|iso-code-region=CH-BE|district=[[Bern-Mittelland (administrative district)|Bern-Mittelland]]|coordinates={{coord|46|49|N|7|33|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=3116|municipality_code=0872|area=6.1|elevation=611|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0872}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}}|website=www.kirchdorf-be.ch|mayor=Marco Lehmann<ref name=Mayor>[https://www.kirchdorf-be.ch/behoerden/gemeinderat Gemeinderat] 2025 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 21 may 2026</ref>|mayor_asof=2026|mayor_party=|executive_name=Gemeinderat|executive_number_of_members=7|mayor_title=Gemeindepräsident|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Burgistein]], [[Gerzensee]], [[Jaberg]], [[Kienersrüti]], [[Lohnstorf]], [[Mühledorf, Bern|Mühledorf]], [[Mühlethurnen]], [[Noflen]], [[Uttigen]], [[Wichtrach]]|twintowns=}} Kirchdorf jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè ìṣàkóso Bern-Mittelland, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Ní ọjọ́ kini Oṣù Kini odun 2018, àwọn ìlú ìṣàkóso tẹ́lẹ̀—Gelterfingen, Mühledorf, àti Noflen—darapọ̀ mọ́ Kirchdorf, wọ́n sì di apá ìlú náà.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/grundlagen/agvch/historisiertes-gemeindeverzeichnis.html|title=Historisiertes Gemeindeverzeichnis|website=www.bfs.admin.ch|language=de|publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office|access-date=2018-01-03}}</ref> ==Àmì apata (Coat of arms)== Àpèjúwe (blazon) ti àmì apata ìlú náà ni: “Gules a Butcher Axe Argent and on the Flanks of the last two Oxen Heads Sable horned, ringed and langued of the first.”[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ch-be313.html⁠� Flags of the World.com] accessed 1 April 2014 Ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ni pé àyà àpẹẹrẹ pupa (gules) ni a fi hàn, pẹ̀lú àáké aláwọ̀ fàdákà (butcher axe) ní àárín, àti ní ẹgbẹ́ méjèèjì rẹ̀ ni àwòrán orí màlúù méjì aláwọ̀ dúdú, pẹ̀lú ìwo wọn tí a ṣe àfihàn, tí a sì tún ṣe àlàyé ẹnu àti àyíká wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá àpẹẹrẹ àkọ́kọ́. ==Ìsìn (Religion)== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, 654 (79.9%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church, nígbà tí 43 (5.3%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic. Nínú àwọn yòókù, oókan ni ọmọ ìjọ Orthodox, méjì (nípa 0.24%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland, àti 44 (nípa 5.37%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Kristẹni míràn. Meji (nípa 0.24%) jẹ́ Musulumi, eyokan sì jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ míràn. Eetalelaaadota (nípa 6.47%) kò ní ìjọ kankan, wọ́n jẹ́ agnostic tàbí atheist, nígbà tí oókan dínlógún (nípa 2.32%) kò dáhùn ìbéèrè yìí.<ref name=STAT2000/> ==itokási== 8n79mfc04wljxtrk7xniyga895aanj5 624993 624992 2026-07-02T09:41:20Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 624993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other uses|Kirchdorf (disambiguation)}}{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kirchdorf|image_photo=Pc050181.jpg|image_caption=Richly decorated farm house and village church in Kirchdorf village|municipality_type=municipality|imagepath_coa=CHE Kirchdorf COA.svg|imagepath_flag=CHE Kirchdorf Flag.svg|canton=Bern|iso-code-region=CH-BE|district=[[Bern-Mittelland (administrative district)|Bern-Mittelland]]|coordinates={{coord|46|49|N|7|33|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=3116|municipality_code=0872|area=6.1|elevation=611|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0872}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}}|website=www.kirchdorf-be.ch|mayor=Marco Lehmann<ref name=Mayor>[https://www.kirchdorf-be.ch/behoerden/gemeinderat Gemeinderat] 2025 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 21 may 2026</ref>|mayor_asof=2026|mayor_party=|executive_name=Gemeinderat|executive_number_of_members=7|mayor_title=Gemeindepräsident|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Burgistein]], [[Gerzensee]], [[Jaberg]], [[Kienersrüti]], [[Lohnstorf]], [[Mühledorf, Bern|Mühledorf]], [[Mühlethurnen]], [[Noflen]], [[Uttigen]], [[Wichtrach]]|twintowns=}} Kirchdorf jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè ìṣàkóso Bern-Mittelland, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Ní ọjọ́ kini Oṣù Kini odun 2018, àwọn ìlú ìṣàkóso tẹ́lẹ̀—Gelterfingen, Mühledorf, àti Noflen—darapọ̀ mọ́ Kirchdorf, wọ́n sì di apá ìlú náà.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/grundlagen/agvch/historisiertes-gemeindeverzeichnis.html|title=Historisiertes Gemeindeverzeichnis|website=www.bfs.admin.ch|language=de|publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office|access-date=2018-01-03}}</ref> ==Àmì apata (Coat of arms)== Àpèjúwe (blazon) ti àmì apata ìlú náà ni: “Gules a Butcher Axe Argent and on the Flanks of the last two Oxen Heads Sable horned, ringed and langued of the first.”[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ch-be313.html⁠� Flags of the World.com] accessed 1 April 2014 Ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ni pé àyà àpẹẹrẹ pupa (gules) ni a fi hàn, pẹ̀lú àáké aláwọ̀ fàdákà (butcher axe) ní àárín, àti ní ẹgbẹ́ méjèèjì rẹ̀ ni àwòrán orí màlúù méjì aláwọ̀ dúdú, pẹ̀lú ìwo wọn tí a ṣe àfihàn, tí a sì tún ṣe àlàyé ẹnu àti àyíká wọn gẹ́gẹ́ bí apá àpẹẹrẹ àkọ́kọ́. ==Ìsìn (Religion)== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, 654 (79.9%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church, nígbà tí 43 (5.3%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic. Nínú àwọn yòókù, oókan ni ọmọ ìjọ Orthodox, méjì (nípa 0.24%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland, àti 44 (nípa 5.37%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Kristẹni míràn. Meji (nípa 0.24%) jẹ́ Musulumi, eyokan sì jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ míràn. Eetalelaaadota (nípa 6.47%) kò ní ìjọ kankan, wọ́n jẹ́ agnostic tàbí atheist, nígbà tí oókan dínlógún (nípa 2.32%) kò dáhùn ìbéèrè yìí.<ref name=STAT2000/> ==Oṣèlú (Politics)== Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2011, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni Swiss People’s Party (SVP), tí ó gba 38.3% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì tí ó tẹ̀lé ni: Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) pẹ̀lú 15.2%, Social Democratic Party (SP) pẹ̀lú 11.9%, àti Green Party pẹ̀lú 9.5%. Ní ìdìbò yìí, apapọ ìbò 584 ni a dì, àti pé 55.1% ni ìdíwọ̀n ìfarahàn (voter turnout).<ref name=election_2011>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/05/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2011 Election] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114214422/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/05/03.html |date=2013-11-14 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 8 May 2012</ref> ==itokási== e57tzhw3nu71ga8c8osu60m8wp942pt 10 80803 624981 2026-07-02T09:29:03Z HERODOE 32217 Ìdásílẹ̀ àdàkọ IPA 624981 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:IPA|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 7tvkwznxaigtvux43hoc1ooe0mnwkzw 828 80804 624982 2026-07-02T09:32:46Z HERODOE 32217 Ìdásílẹ̀ Mọ́dù:IPA 624982 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} local function multiFind(s, patterns, init) local i, j = mw.ustring.find(s, patterns[1], init) for n = 2, #patterns do local i2, j2 = mw.ustring.find(s, patterns[n], init) if i2 and (not i or i2 < i) then i, j = i2, j2 end end return i, j end local function wrapAtSpaces(s) return mw.ustring.gsub(s, '(%s+)', '<span class="wrap">%1</span>') end local function wrapAtSpacesSafely(s) local patterns = { '%[%[[^%]|]-%s[^%]|]-|', -- Piped links '</?[A-Za-z][^>]-%s[^>]->' -- HTML tags } s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '%[%[([^%]|]-%s[^%]|]-)%]%]', '[[%1|%1]]') -- Pipe all links local t = {} local init while true do local i, j = multiFind(s, patterns, init) if not i then break end local pre = wrapAtSpaces(mw.ustring.sub(s, init, i - 1)) -- What precedes the match table.insert(t, pre) table.insert(t, mw.ustring.sub(s, i, j)) -- The match init = j + 1 end local post = wrapAtSpaces(mw.ustring.sub(s, init)) -- What follows the last match table.insert(t, post) return table.concat(t) end local function checkNamespace(isDebug) return isDebug or require('Module:Category handler').main({ true }) end local function renderCats(cats, isDebug) if not cats[1] or not checkNamespace(isDebug) then return '' end local t = {} for _, v in ipairs(cats) do table.insert(t, string.format( '[[%sCategory:%s]]', isDebug and ':' or '', v )) end return table.concat(t) end local function resolveSynonym(s) return mw.loadData('Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms')[s] or s end local function splitTag(s) local langCode = s:gsub('%-.*', ''):lower() langCode = resolveSynonym(langCode) local regionCode = s:match('%-(.+)') local isPrivate = regionCode and regionCode:sub(1, 2) == 'x-' return langCode, regionCode, isPrivate end local function getLangName(code, link, raw) return require('Module:Lang')._name_from_tag({ code, link = link, raw = raw, -- Without linking, "{{IPA}}" gets expanded in some contexts template = '[[Template:IPA|IPA]]' }) end local function linkLang(name, target, link) return link == 'yes' and string.format( '[[%s|%s]]', target or name .. ' language', name ) or name end function p._main(args) local ret, cats = {}, {} local isDebug = args.debug == 'yes' local s, langCode, regionCode, isPrivate -- Guide-linking mode if args[2] and args[2] ~= '' then local data = mw.loadData('Module:IPA/data') local isGeneric = args.generic == 'yes' s = args[2] langCode, regionCode, isPrivate = splitTag(args[1]) local langData = data.langs[langCode] or {} if regionCode then if not isPrivate then regionCode = regionCode:upper() end if langData.dialects and langData.dialects[regionCode] then -- Overwrite language data with the dialect's local newLangData = {} for k, v in pairs(langData) do if k ~= 'dialects' then newLangData[k] = v end end local dialectData = langData.dialects[regionCode] if dialectData.aliasOf then -- Use the canonical region code regionCode = dialectData.aliasOf isPrivate = regionCode:sub(1, 2) == 'x-' dialectData = langData.dialects[regionCode] end -- Lowercase IANA variant if dialectData.isVariant then regionCode = regionCode:lower() end for k, v in pairs(dialectData) do newLangData[k] = v end langData = newLangData else isGeneric = true end end local fullLangCode = regionCode and langCode .. '-' .. regionCode or langCode local langName = langData.name and linkLang(langData.name, langData.link, args.link) or getLangName(fullLangCode, args.link) if langName:sub(1, 5) == '<span' then -- Module:Lang has returned an error return langName .. renderCats({ 'IPA template errors' }, isDebug) end if args.cat ~= 'no' then local catLangName = langData.name or getLangName(fullLangCode, nil, 'yes') if catLangName:sub(1, 5) == '<span' then -- Module:Lang has returned an error, but it's not fatal table.insert(cats, 'IPA template errors') mw.addWarning(catLangName) else table.insert(cats, string.format('Pages with %s IPA', catLangName)) end end -- Label local label = args.label if not label then local labelCode = args[3] and args[3]:lower() or langData.defaultLabelCode if labelCode == '' then label = '' else local langText if langData.text then langText = linkLang( langData.text, mw.ustring.match(langName, '^%[%[([^|%]]+)'), args.link ) else langText = mw.ustring.gsub( langName, '^%[%[(([^|]+) languages)%]%]$', '[[%1|%2]]' ) langText = mw.ustring.gsub( langText, ' languages(%]?%]?)$', '%1' ) end if labelCode and data.labels[labelCode] then label = data.labels[labelCode]:format(langText) else label = data.defaultLabel:format(langText) end end end if label and label ~= '' then local span = mw.html.create('span') :addClass('IPA-label') :wikitext(label) if args.small ~= 'no' then span:addClass('IPA-label-small') table.insert(ret, mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag({ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:IPA/styles.css' } })) end table.insert(ret, tostring(span) .. ' ') end -- Brackets s = (not isGeneric and langData.format or '&#91;%s&#93;'):format(s) -- Link to key local key = not isGeneric and langData.key or data.defaultKey s = string.format('[[%s|%s]]', key, s) else -- Basic mode s = args[1] if args.lang and args.lang ~= '' then langCode, regionCode, isPrivate = splitTag(args.lang) end if args.cat ~= 'no' then table.insert(cats, 'Pages with plain IPA') end end -- Transcription do local lang = (langCode or 'und') .. '-Latn' if not isPrivate and regionCode then lang = lang .. '-' .. regionCode end lang = lang .. '-fonipa' local span = mw.html.create('span') :addClass('IPA') :addClass(args.class) :attr('lang', lang) -- wrap=all: Do nothing -- wrap=none: Never break -- Otherwise: Break at spaces only if args.wrap ~= 'all' then span:addClass('nowrap') if args.wrap ~= 'none' then s = wrapAtSpacesSafely(s) end end if (not args[2] or args[2] == '') and args.tooltip ~= '' then local tooltip = args.tooltip or 'Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)' span:attr('title', tooltip) end s = tostring(span:wikitext(s)) table.insert(ret, s) end -- Audio local audio = args.audio ~= '' and args.audio or args[4] ~= '' and args[4] if audio then local button = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate({ title = 'Audio', args = { audio, '' } }) table.insert(ret, ' ' .. button) table.insert(cats, 'Pages including recorded pronunciations') end -- Categories table.insert(ret, renderCats(cats, isDebug)) return table.concat(ret) end function p.main(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args if not args[1] then return '' end for i, v in ipairs(args) do args[i] = mw.text.trim(v) end return p._main(args) end return p jjwbnypplmtwdskxyemswyct1tfbgxy 625007 624982 2026-07-02T09:55:33Z HERODOE 32217 625007 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local function trim(value) if value == nil then return '' end return mw.text.trim(tostring(value)) end local function hasValue(value) return value ~= nil and trim(value) ~= '' end local function getArgs(frame) local parent = frame:getParent() if parent then return parent.args end return frame.args end local function makeLangAttr(langCode) langCode = trim(langCode) if langCode == '' then langCode = 'und' end -- Keep it simple and safe for IPA text return langCode .. '-fonipa' end function p.main(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) local text = '' local langCode = '' local label = '' local audio = '' -- Supports: -- {{IPA|/text/}} -- {{IPA|en|/text/}} -- {{IPA|lang=en|/text/}} if hasValue(args[2]) then langCode = trim(args[1]) text = trim(args[2]) else langCode = trim(args.lang) text = trim(args[1]) end if text == '' then return '' end -- Optional label -- Example: |label=Pronunciation: if hasValue(args.label) then label = tostring( mw.html.create('span') :addClass('IPA-label') :wikitext(trim(args.label)) ) .. ' ' end local span = mw.html.create('span') :addClass('IPA') :attr('lang', makeLangAttr(langCode)) -- Optional extra class if hasValue(args.class) then span:addClass(trim(args.class)) end -- Default: do not break IPA across lines -- Use |wrap=all if you want it to break normally if trim(args.wrap) ~= 'all' then span:addClass('nowrap') end -- Tooltip -- Use |tooltip=no to remove tooltip if trim(args.tooltip) ~= 'no' then local tooltip = hasValue(args.tooltip) and trim(args.tooltip) or 'Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet' span:attr('title', tooltip) end span:wikitext(text) local result = label .. tostring(span) -- Optional audio support -- Supports |audio=File.ogg or 4th unnamed parameter if hasValue(args.audio) then audio = trim(args.audio) elseif hasValue(args[4]) then audio = trim(args[4]) end if audio ~= '' then local ok, audioButton = pcall(function() return frame:expandTemplate({ title = 'Audio', args = { audio, '' } }) end) if ok and audioButton then result = result .. ' ' .. audioButton end end return result end return p 9dkktqi7om6nnq9gth8a6k82yi39mcg 0 80805 624986 2026-07-02T09:37:33Z Royalesignature 26633 O ti ṣẹ̀dá àyọkà nípa ṣíṣe ògbufọ̀ ojú-ewé "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333053973|Emenike Uchenna Mbachu]]" 624986 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Emenike Uchenna Mbachu''' (a bí i ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1989 ní [[Èkó|ìlú Èkó]] ), tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''Epeleje''', jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti ọwọ́ ẹgbẹ́ fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Pallo-Iirot . Ní àárín ṣáá ọdún 2011, ó wá láti orílẹ̀èdè Nàìjíríà láti dara pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù PS Kemi ní ìlú Ykkönen . Ó dára po mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù míràn lẹ́yìn sáà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù PS Kemi èyítí kò ní ànfàní àti kópa nínú líìgì ṣáá tíó ún bo, ó sì tẹ̀síwájú láti dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Ykkönen ní ọdún tíó tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ṣáá àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ tí ó kúrú ní orílẹ̀ èdè Finland, ó kópa nínú ìdíje mẹ́sàn-án ó sì gba góólù mẹ́fà wọlé. Ní RoPS, Emenike dara pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀, agbábọ́ọ̀lù lọ́wọ́ ẹyin ní àárín gbùngbùn Nduka Alison àti Faith Friday Obilor . Ní ṣáá ọdún 2012, Emenike gba góólù mẹ́fà, nígbà tí RoPS gba ipò kíni nínú ìdíje náà, ó sì gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje líìgì Veikkausliiga . == Àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ == * '''Aṣiwaju Ykkönen''' : 2012 == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde == * Profile at RoPS at the Wayback Machine (archived 21 May 2014) * Statistics via Guardian Football at the Wayback Machine (archived 21 May 2014) * Emenike Uchenna Mbachu at Soccerway [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1989]] flsdrtu7oh7wf4hgdegzenlh70s3smu 624987 624986 2026-07-02T09:38:24Z Royalesignature 26633 624987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Emenike Uchenna Mbachu | image = Emenike_Mbachu_2.jpg | height = 1.80 m | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1989|05|21}} | birth_place = [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]] | currentclub = [[Pallo-Iirot]] | clubnumber = 27 | position = [[Winger (sports)|Left Winger]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = FC Goal International Lagos | years1 = 2011 | caps1 = 9 | goals1 = 6 | clubs1 = [[PS Kemi]] | years2 = 2012–2014 | caps2 = 67 | goals2 = 9 | clubs2 = [[Rovaniemen Palloseura|RoPS]] | years3 = 2014 | caps3 = 1 | goals3 = 1 | clubs3 = → [[FC Santa Claus|Santa Claus]] (loan)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.resultcode.fi/sarjat/joukkue/jou_opk_nayta_uusi.php?piiri_id=100000&joukkue_id=124305&ottelu_id=297028 |title=ResultCode – Tervetuloa! |accessdate=2014-07-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729155123/http://www.resultcode.fi/sarjat/joukkue/jou_opk_nayta_uusi.php?piiri_id=100000&joukkue_id=124305&ottelu_id=297028 |archivedate=29 July 2014 }}</ref> | years4 = 2014–2015 | caps4 = 17 | goals4 = 4 | clubs4 = [[Naxxar Lions F.C.|Naxxar Lions]] | years5 = 2015 | caps5 = 27 | goals5 = 1 | clubs5 = [[FC Ilves]] | years6 = 2016–2017 | caps6 = 51 | goals6 = 9 | clubs6 = [[FC Haka]] | years7 = 2018– | caps7 = ? | goals7 = ? | clubs7 = [[Pallo-Iirot]] | pcupdate = 30 May 2018 | ntupdate = }} '''Emenike Uchenna Mbachu''' (a bí i ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1989 ní [[Èkó|ìlú Èkó]] ), tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''Epeleje''', jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti ọwọ́ ẹgbẹ́ fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Pallo-Iirot . Ní àárín ṣáá ọdún 2011, ó wá láti orílẹ̀èdè Nàìjíríà láti dara pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù PS Kemi ní ìlú Ykkönen . Ó dára po mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù míràn lẹ́yìn sáà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù PS Kemi èyítí kò ní ànfàní àti kópa nínú líìgì ṣáá tíó ún bo, ó sì tẹ̀síwájú láti dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Ykkönen ní ọdún tíó tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ṣáá àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ tí ó kúrú ní orílẹ̀ èdè Finland, ó kópa nínú ìdíje mẹ́sàn-án ó sì gba góólù mẹ́fà wọlé. Ní RoPS, Emenike dara pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀, agbábọ́ọ̀lù lọ́wọ́ ẹyin ní àárín gbùngbùn Nduka Alison àti Faith Friday Obilor . Ní ṣáá ọdún 2012, Emenike gba góólù mẹ́fà, nígbà tí RoPS gba ipò kíni nínú ìdíje náà, ó sì gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje líìgì Veikkausliiga . == Àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ == * '''Aṣiwaju Ykkönen''' : 2012 == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde == * Profile at RoPS at the Wayback Machine (archived 21 May 2014) * Statistics via Guardian Football at the Wayback Machine (archived 21 May 2014) * Emenike Uchenna Mbachu at Soccerway [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1989]] bayznqjt1me9nqtam2j1xs2c3qr0zhb 624989 624987 2026-07-02T09:38:47Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Àwọn ìtọ́kasí */ 624989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Emenike Uchenna Mbachu | image = Emenike_Mbachu_2.jpg | height = 1.80 m | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1989|05|21}} | birth_place = [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]] | currentclub = [[Pallo-Iirot]] | clubnumber = 27 | position = [[Winger (sports)|Left Winger]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = FC Goal International Lagos | years1 = 2011 | caps1 = 9 | goals1 = 6 | clubs1 = [[PS Kemi]] | years2 = 2012–2014 | caps2 = 67 | goals2 = 9 | clubs2 = [[Rovaniemen Palloseura|RoPS]] | years3 = 2014 | caps3 = 1 | goals3 = 1 | clubs3 = → [[FC Santa Claus|Santa Claus]] (loan)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.resultcode.fi/sarjat/joukkue/jou_opk_nayta_uusi.php?piiri_id=100000&joukkue_id=124305&ottelu_id=297028 |title=ResultCode – Tervetuloa! |accessdate=2014-07-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729155123/http://www.resultcode.fi/sarjat/joukkue/jou_opk_nayta_uusi.php?piiri_id=100000&joukkue_id=124305&ottelu_id=297028 |archivedate=29 July 2014 }}</ref> | years4 = 2014–2015 | caps4 = 17 | goals4 = 4 | clubs4 = [[Naxxar Lions F.C.|Naxxar Lions]] | years5 = 2015 | caps5 = 27 | goals5 = 1 | clubs5 = [[FC Ilves]] | years6 = 2016–2017 | caps6 = 51 | goals6 = 9 | clubs6 = [[FC Haka]] | years7 = 2018– | caps7 = ? | goals7 = ? | clubs7 = [[Pallo-Iirot]] | pcupdate = 30 May 2018 | ntupdate = }} '''Emenike Uchenna Mbachu''' (a bí i ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1989 ní [[Èkó|ìlú Èkó]] ), tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''Epeleje''', jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti ọwọ́ ẹgbẹ́ fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Pallo-Iirot . Ní àárín ṣáá ọdún 2011, ó wá láti orílẹ̀èdè Nàìjíríà láti dara pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù PS Kemi ní ìlú Ykkönen . Ó dára po mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù míràn lẹ́yìn sáà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù PS Kemi èyítí kò ní ànfàní àti kópa nínú líìgì ṣáá tíó ún bo, ó sì tẹ̀síwájú láti dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Ykkönen ní ọdún tíó tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ṣáá àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ tí ó kúrú ní orílẹ̀ èdè Finland, ó kópa nínú ìdíje mẹ́sàn-án ó sì gba góólù mẹ́fà wọlé. Ní RoPS, Emenike dara pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀, agbábọ́ọ̀lù lọ́wọ́ ẹyin ní àárín gbùngbùn Nduka Alison àti Faith Friday Obilor . Ní ṣáá ọdún 2012, Emenike gba góólù mẹ́fà, nígbà tí RoPS gba ipò kíni nínú ìdíje náà, ó sì gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje líìgì Veikkausliiga . == Àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ == * '''Aṣiwaju Ykkönen''' : 2012 == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} == Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde == * Profile at RoPS at the Wayback Machine (archived 21 May 2014) * Statistics via Guardian Football at the Wayback Machine (archived 21 May 2014) * Emenike Uchenna Mbachu at Soccerway [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ènìyàn alààyè]] [[Ẹ̀ka:Àwọn ọjọ́ìbí ní 1989]] 20g3vcuq2m89m7xi80l98gcq85atvxz 624990 624989 2026-07-02T09:39:03Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Àwọn ìjápọ̀ òde */ 624990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Emenike Uchenna Mbachu | image = Emenike_Mbachu_2.jpg | height = 1.80 m | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1989|05|21}} | birth_place = [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]] | currentclub = [[Pallo-Iirot]] | clubnumber = 27 | position = [[Winger (sports)|Left Winger]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = FC Goal International Lagos | years1 = 2011 | caps1 = 9 | goals1 = 6 | clubs1 = [[PS Kemi]] | years2 = 2012–2014 | caps2 = 67 | goals2 = 9 | clubs2 = [[Rovaniemen Palloseura|RoPS]] | years3 = 2014 | caps3 = 1 | goals3 = 1 | clubs3 = → [[FC Santa Claus|Santa Claus]] (loan)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.resultcode.fi/sarjat/joukkue/jou_opk_nayta_uusi.php?piiri_id=100000&joukkue_id=124305&ottelu_id=297028 |title=ResultCode – Tervetuloa! |accessdate=2014-07-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729155123/http://www.resultcode.fi/sarjat/joukkue/jou_opk_nayta_uusi.php?piiri_id=100000&joukkue_id=124305&ottelu_id=297028 |archivedate=29 July 2014 }}</ref> | years4 = 2014–2015 | caps4 = 17 | goals4 = 4 | clubs4 = [[Naxxar Lions F.C.|Naxxar Lions]] | years5 = 2015 | caps5 = 27 | goals5 = 1 | clubs5 = [[FC Ilves]] | years6 = 2016–2017 | caps6 = 51 | goals6 = 9 | clubs6 = [[FC Haka]] | years7 = 2018– | caps7 = ? | goals7 = ? | clubs7 = [[Pallo-Iirot]] | pcupdate = 30 May 2018 | ntupdate = }} '''Emenike Uchenna Mbachu''' (a bí i ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1989 ní [[Èkó|ìlú Èkó]] ), tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''Epeleje''', jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti ọwọ́ ẹgbẹ́ fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Pallo-Iirot . Ní àárín ṣáá ọdún 2011, ó wá láti orílẹ̀èdè Nàìjíríà láti dara pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù PS Kemi ní ìlú Ykkönen . Ó dára po mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù míràn lẹ́yìn sáà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù PS Kemi èyítí kò ní ànfàní àti kópa nínú líìgì ṣáá tíó ún bo, ó sì tẹ̀síwájú láti dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Ykkönen ní ọdún tíó tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ṣáá àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ tí ó kúrú ní orílẹ̀ èdè Finland, ó kópa nínú ìdíje mẹ́sàn-án ó sì gba góólù mẹ́fà wọlé. Ní RoPS, Emenike dara pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀, agbábọ́ọ̀lù lọ́wọ́ ẹyin ní àárín gbùngbùn Nduka Alison àti Faith Friday Obilor . Ní ṣáá ọdún 2012, Emenike gba góólù mẹ́fà, nígbà tí RoPS gba ipò kíni nínú ìdíje náà, ó sì gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje líìgì Veikkausliiga . == Àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ == * '''Aṣiwaju Ykkönen''' : 2012 == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} e0nst7jl1dwcuoo4f5cldpg9wh7u0i7 624991 624990 2026-07-02T09:40:05Z Royalesignature 26633 624991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Emenike Uchenna Mbachu | image = Emenike_Mbachu_2.jpg | height = 1.80 m | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1989|05|21}} | birth_place = [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]] | currentclub = [[Pallo-Iirot]] | clubnumber = 27 | position = [[Winger (sports)|Left Winger]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = FC Goal International Lagos | years1 = 2011 | caps1 = 9 | goals1 = 6 | clubs1 = [[PS Kemi]] | years2 = 2012–2014 | caps2 = 67 | goals2 = 9 | clubs2 = [[Rovaniemen Palloseura|RoPS]] | years3 = 2014 | caps3 = 1 | goals3 = 1 | clubs3 = → [[FC Santa Claus|Santa Claus]] (loan)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.resultcode.fi/sarjat/joukkue/jou_opk_nayta_uusi.php?piiri_id=100000&joukkue_id=124305&ottelu_id=297028 |title=ResultCode – Tervetuloa! |accessdate=2014-07-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729155123/http://www.resultcode.fi/sarjat/joukkue/jou_opk_nayta_uusi.php?piiri_id=100000&joukkue_id=124305&ottelu_id=297028 |archivedate=29 July 2014 }}</ref> | years4 = 2014–2015 | caps4 = 17 | goals4 = 4 | clubs4 = [[Naxxar Lions F.C.|Naxxar Lions]] | years5 = 2015 | caps5 = 27 | goals5 = 1 | clubs5 = [[FC Ilves]] | years6 = 2016–2017 | caps6 = 51 | goals6 = 9 | clubs6 = [[FC Haka]] | years7 = 2018– | caps7 = ? | goals7 = ? | clubs7 = [[Pallo-Iirot]] | pcupdate = 30 May 2018 | ntupdate = }} '''Emenike Uchenna Mbachu''' (a bí i ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1989 ní [[Èkó|ìlú Èkó]] ), tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''Epeleje''', jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti ọwọ́ ẹgbẹ́ fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Pallo-Iirot]].<ref>[http://www.palloiirot.fi/?x254096=1423311 Juuso Aalto palaa kotiin – Emenike Mbachu myös Pallo-Iirojen vahvuuteen!]‚ palloiirot.fi, 30 March 2018</ref> Ní àárín ṣáá ọdún 2011, ó wá láti orílẹ̀èdè Nàìjíríà láti dara pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù PS Kemi ní ìlú Ykkönen . Ó dára po mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù míràn lẹ́yìn sáà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù PS Kemi èyítí kò ní ànfàní àti kópa nínú líìgì ṣáá tíó ún bo, ó sì tẹ̀síwájú láti dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Ykkönen ní ọdún tíó tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ṣáá àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ tí ó kúrú ní orílẹ̀ èdè Finland, ó kópa nínú ìdíje mẹ́sàn-án ó sì gba góólù mẹ́fà wọlé. Ní RoPS, Emenike dara pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀, agbábọ́ọ̀lù lọ́wọ́ ẹyin ní àárín gbùngbùn Nduka Alison àti Faith Friday Obilor . Ní ṣáá ọdún 2012, Emenike gba góólù mẹ́fà, nígbà tí RoPS gba ipò kíni nínú ìdíje náà, ó sì gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje líìgì Veikkausliiga . == Àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ == * '''Aṣiwaju Ykkönen''' : 2012 == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} gb51uyiaa6sjm7b4q2uk6j3mjuuc6a9 624994 624991 2026-07-02T09:41:33Z Royalesignature 26633 624994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Emenike Uchenna Mbachu | image = Emenike_Mbachu_2.jpg | height = 1.80 m | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1989|05|21}} | birth_place = [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]] | currentclub = [[Pallo-Iirot]] | clubnumber = 27 | position = [[Winger (sports)|Left Winger]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = FC Goal International Lagos | years1 = 2011 | caps1 = 9 | goals1 = 6 | clubs1 = [[PS Kemi]] | years2 = 2012–2014 | caps2 = 67 | goals2 = 9 | clubs2 = [[Rovaniemen Palloseura|RoPS]] | years3 = 2014 | caps3 = 1 | goals3 = 1 | clubs3 = → [[FC Santa Claus|Santa Claus]] (loan)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.resultcode.fi/sarjat/joukkue/jou_opk_nayta_uusi.php?piiri_id=100000&joukkue_id=124305&ottelu_id=297028 |title=ResultCode – Tervetuloa! |accessdate=2014-07-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729155123/http://www.resultcode.fi/sarjat/joukkue/jou_opk_nayta_uusi.php?piiri_id=100000&joukkue_id=124305&ottelu_id=297028 |archivedate=29 July 2014 }}</ref> | years4 = 2014–2015 | caps4 = 17 | goals4 = 4 | clubs4 = [[Naxxar Lions F.C.|Naxxar Lions]] | years5 = 2015 | caps5 = 27 | goals5 = 1 | clubs5 = [[FC Ilves]] | years6 = 2016–2017 | caps6 = 51 | goals6 = 9 | clubs6 = [[FC Haka]] | years7 = 2018– | caps7 = ? | goals7 = ? | clubs7 = [[Pallo-Iirot]] | pcupdate = 30 May 2018 | ntupdate = }} [[File:Emenike Mbachu 2.jpg|thumb|Emenike Mbachu 2]] '''Emenike Uchenna Mbachu''' (a bí i ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1989 ní [[Èkó|ìlú Èkó]] ), tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''Epeleje''', jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti ọwọ́ ẹgbẹ́ fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Pallo-Iirot]].<ref>[http://www.palloiirot.fi/?x254096=1423311 Juuso Aalto palaa kotiin – Emenike Mbachu myös Pallo-Iirojen vahvuuteen!]‚ palloiirot.fi, 30 March 2018</ref> Ní àárín ṣáá ọdún 2011, ó wá láti orílẹ̀èdè Nàìjíríà láti dara pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù PS Kemi ní ìlú Ykkönen . Ó dára po mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù míràn lẹ́yìn sáà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù PS Kemi èyítí kò ní ànfàní àti kópa nínú líìgì ṣáá tíó ún bo, ó sì tẹ̀síwájú láti dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Ykkönen ní ọdún tíó tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ṣáá àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ tí ó kúrú ní orílẹ̀ èdè Finland, ó kópa nínú ìdíje mẹ́sàn-án ó sì gba góólù mẹ́fà wọlé. Ní RoPS, Emenike dara pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀, agbábọ́ọ̀lù lọ́wọ́ ẹyin ní àárín gbùngbùn Nduka Alison àti Faith Friday Obilor . Ní ṣáá ọdún 2012, Emenike gba góólù mẹ́fà, nígbà tí RoPS gba ipò kíni nínú ìdíje náà, ó sì gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje líìgì Veikkausliiga . == Àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ == * '''Aṣiwaju Ykkönen''' : 2012 == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} prk40mjeiwtq1uictw89v01g6e1p4r9 624995 624994 2026-07-02T09:42:33Z Royalesignature 26633 /* Àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ */ 624995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Emenike Uchenna Mbachu | image = Emenike_Mbachu_2.jpg | height = 1.80 m | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1989|05|21}} | birth_place = [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]] | currentclub = [[Pallo-Iirot]] | clubnumber = 27 | position = [[Winger (sports)|Left Winger]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = FC Goal International Lagos | years1 = 2011 | caps1 = 9 | goals1 = 6 | clubs1 = [[PS Kemi]] | years2 = 2012–2014 | caps2 = 67 | goals2 = 9 | clubs2 = [[Rovaniemen Palloseura|RoPS]] | years3 = 2014 | caps3 = 1 | goals3 = 1 | clubs3 = → [[FC Santa Claus|Santa Claus]] (loan)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.resultcode.fi/sarjat/joukkue/jou_opk_nayta_uusi.php?piiri_id=100000&joukkue_id=124305&ottelu_id=297028 |title=ResultCode – Tervetuloa! |accessdate=2014-07-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729155123/http://www.resultcode.fi/sarjat/joukkue/jou_opk_nayta_uusi.php?piiri_id=100000&joukkue_id=124305&ottelu_id=297028 |archivedate=29 July 2014 }}</ref> | years4 = 2014–2015 | caps4 = 17 | goals4 = 4 | clubs4 = [[Naxxar Lions F.C.|Naxxar Lions]] | years5 = 2015 | caps5 = 27 | goals5 = 1 | clubs5 = [[FC Ilves]] | years6 = 2016–2017 | caps6 = 51 | goals6 = 9 | clubs6 = [[FC Haka]] | years7 = 2018– | caps7 = ? | goals7 = ? | clubs7 = [[Pallo-Iirot]] | pcupdate = 30 May 2018 | ntupdate = }} [[File:Emenike Mbachu 2.jpg|thumb|Emenike Mbachu 2]] '''Emenike Uchenna Mbachu''' (a bí i ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1989 ní [[Èkó|ìlú Èkó]] ), tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''Epeleje''', jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti ọwọ́ ẹgbẹ́ fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Pallo-Iirot]].<ref>[http://www.palloiirot.fi/?x254096=1423311 Juuso Aalto palaa kotiin – Emenike Mbachu myös Pallo-Iirojen vahvuuteen!]‚ palloiirot.fi, 30 March 2018</ref> Ní àárín ṣáá ọdún 2011, ó wá láti orílẹ̀èdè Nàìjíríà láti dara pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù PS Kemi ní ìlú Ykkönen . Ó dára po mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù míràn lẹ́yìn sáà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù PS Kemi èyítí kò ní ànfàní àti kópa nínú líìgì ṣáá tíó ún bo, ó sì tẹ̀síwájú láti dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Ykkönen ní ọdún tíó tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ṣáá àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ tí ó kúrú ní orílẹ̀ èdè Finland, ó kópa nínú ìdíje mẹ́sàn-án ó sì gba góólù mẹ́fà wọlé. Ní RoPS, Emenike dara pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀, agbábọ́ọ̀lù lọ́wọ́ ẹyin ní àárín gbùngbùn Nduka Alison àti Faith Friday Obilor . Ní ṣáá ọdún 2012, Emenike gba góólù mẹ́fà, nígbà tí RoPS gba ipò kíni nínú ìdíje náà, ó sì gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje líìgì Veikkausliiga . == Àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ == * '''Aṣiwaju Ykkönen''' : 2012 ==Ìjápọ̀ òde== *{{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521220319/http://www.rops.fi/edustusjoukkue/kausi-2014/joukkue-2014/player/115-veikkausliiga-2014/2-rops/235-emenike-uchenna-mbachu/ |date=21 May 2014 |title=Profile at RoPS }} *{{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521215045/http://guardian.touch-line.com/StatsCentre.asp?Lang=0&CTID=55&CPID=72&pStr=Player&PLID=237032&TEID=615 |date=21 May 2014 |title=Statistics via Guardian Football }} *{{Soccerway|emenike-uchenna-mbachu/201152}} == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} 6kto048lhni0b8stcpwl4x6bhne9tk9 624998 624995 2026-07-02T09:43:37Z Royalesignature 26633 624998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Emenike Uchenna Mbachu | image = Emenike_Mbachu_2.jpg | height = 1.80 m | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1989|05|21}} | birth_place = [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]] | currentclub = [[Pallo-Iirot]] | clubnumber = 27 | position = [[Winger (sports)|Left Winger]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = FC Goal International Lagos | years1 = 2011 | caps1 = 9 | goals1 = 6 | clubs1 = [[PS Kemi]] | years2 = 2012–2014 | caps2 = 67 | goals2 = 9 | clubs2 = [[Rovaniemen Palloseura|RoPS]] | years3 = 2014 | caps3 = 1 | goals3 = 1 | clubs3 = → [[FC Santa Claus|Santa Claus]] (loan)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.resultcode.fi/sarjat/joukkue/jou_opk_nayta_uusi.php?piiri_id=100000&joukkue_id=124305&ottelu_id=297028 |title=ResultCode – Tervetuloa! |accessdate=2014-07-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729155123/http://www.resultcode.fi/sarjat/joukkue/jou_opk_nayta_uusi.php?piiri_id=100000&joukkue_id=124305&ottelu_id=297028 |archivedate=29 July 2014 }}</ref> | years4 = 2014–2015 | caps4 = 17 | goals4 = 4 | clubs4 = [[Naxxar Lions F.C.|Naxxar Lions]] | years5 = 2015 | caps5 = 27 | goals5 = 1 | clubs5 = [[FC Ilves]] | years6 = 2016–2017 | caps6 = 51 | goals6 = 9 | clubs6 = [[FC Haka]] | years7 = 2018– | caps7 = ? | goals7 = ? | clubs7 = [[Pallo-Iirot]] | pcupdate = 30 May 2018 | ntupdate = }} [[File:Emenike Mbachu 2.jpg|thumb|Emenike Mbachu 2]] '''Emenike Uchenna Mbachu''' (a bí i ní ọjọ́ kọkànlélógún oṣù karùn-ún ọdún 1989 ní [[Èkó|ìlú Èkó]] ), tí a tún mọ̀ sí '''Epeleje''', jẹ́ [[Boolu-afesegba|agbábọ́ọ̀lù]] [[Ọmọ Nàìjíríà|ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà]] tí ó ń gbá bọ́ọ̀lù gẹ́gẹ́ bí agbábọ́ọ̀lù láti ọwọ́ ẹgbẹ́ fún ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù [[Pallo-Iirot]].<ref>[http://www.palloiirot.fi/?x254096=1423311 Juuso Aalto palaa kotiin – Emenike Mbachu myös Pallo-Iirojen vahvuuteen!]‚ palloiirot.fi, 30 March 2018</ref> Ní àárín ṣáá ọdún 2011, ó wá láti orílẹ̀èdè Nàìjíríà láti dara pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù PS Kemi ní ìlú Ykkönen . Ó dára po mọ Ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù míràn lẹ́yìn sáà àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ nínú ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù PS Kemi èyítí kò ní ànfàní àti kópa nínú líìgì ṣáá tíó ún bo, ó sì tẹ̀síwájú láti dára pọ̀ mọ́ ikọ̀ agbábọ́ọ̀lù Ykkönen ní ọdún tíó tẹ́lẹ̀. Ní ṣáá àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀ tí ó kúrú ní orílẹ̀ èdè Finland, ó kópa nínú ìdíje mẹ́sàn-án ó sì gba góólù mẹ́fà wọlé. Ní inú ikọ̀ ẹgbẹ́ agbábọ́ọ̀lù RoPS, Emenike dara pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè Nàìjíríà ẹlẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀, agbábọ́ọ̀lù lọ́wọ́ ẹyin ní àárín gbùngbùn [[Nduka Alison]] àti [[Faith Friday Obilor]]. Ní ṣáá ọdún 2012, Emenike gba góólù mẹ́fà, nígbà tí RoPS gba ipò kíni nínú ìdíje náà, ó sì gba ìgbéga sí ìdíje líìgì Veikkausliiga . == Àwọn àmì ẹ̀yẹ == * '''Aṣiwaju Ykkönen''' : 2012 ==Ìjápọ̀ òde== *{{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521220319/http://www.rops.fi/edustusjoukkue/kausi-2014/joukkue-2014/player/115-veikkausliiga-2014/2-rops/235-emenike-uchenna-mbachu/ |date=21 May 2014 |title=Profile at RoPS }} *{{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521215045/http://guardian.touch-line.com/StatsCentre.asp?Lang=0&CTID=55&CPID=72&pStr=Player&PLID=237032&TEID=615 |date=21 May 2014 |title=Statistics via Guardian Football }} *{{Soccerway|emenike-uchenna-mbachu/201152}} == Àwọn ìtọ́kasí == {{Reflist}} 7kidisd9kapr2rrv8t7e3iltzknk8be 0 80806 624996 2026-07-02T09:43:13Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 Ṣ'èdá ojúewé pẹ̀lú "{{Infobox German location|name=Kienberg|image_coa=DEU Kienberg COA.svg|image_photo=Pfarrkirche St. Martin, Kienberg-2.JPG|image_caption=Church of Saint Martin|coordinates={{coord|48|02|N|12|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}|image_plan=Kienberg in TS.svg|state=Bayern|region=Oberbayern|district=Traunstein|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft=Obing|elevation=558|area=22.83|postal_code=83361|area_code=08628|licence=TS|Gemeindeschlüssel=09 1 89 126|website=[http://www.kie..." 624996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location|name=Kienberg|image_coa=DEU Kienberg COA.svg|image_photo=Pfarrkirche St. Martin, Kienberg-2.JPG|image_caption=Church of Saint Martin|coordinates={{coord|48|02|N|12|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}|image_plan=Kienberg in TS.svg|state=Bayern|region=Oberbayern|district=Traunstein|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft=Obing|elevation=558|area=22.83|postal_code=83361|area_code=08628|licence=TS|Gemeindeschlüssel=09 1 89 126|website=[http://www.kienberg.eu www.kienberg.eu]|mayor=Hans Schmidhuber<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref>|leader_term=2020&ndash;26|party=CSU}}'''Kienberg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈkiːnbɛʁk|-|De-Kienberg.ogg}}) is a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] in the [[Traunstein (district)|district of Traunstein]] in [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. e7b4o55wq4jl58wawilefefode2u9a5 624999 624996 2026-07-02T09:43:49Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 624999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location|name=Kienberg|image_coa=DEU Kienberg COA.svg|image_photo=Pfarrkirche St. Martin, Kienberg-2.JPG|image_caption=Church of Saint Martin|coordinates={{coord|48|02|N|12|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}|image_plan=Kienberg in TS.svg|state=Bayern|region=Oberbayern|district=Traunstein|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft=Obing|elevation=558|area=22.83|postal_code=83361|area_code=08628|licence=TS|Gemeindeschlüssel=09 1 89 126|website=[http://www.kienberg.eu www.kienberg.eu]|mayor=Hans Schmidhuber<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref>|leader_term=2020&ndash;26|party=CSU}}'''Kienberg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈkiːnbɛʁk|-|De-Kienberg.ogg}}) is a [[Municipalities of Germany|municipality]] in the [[Traunstein (district)|district of Traunstein]] in [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. ==itokasi== gjm2wpfe1yva2z15lpehmh558krfgr3 625000 624999 2026-07-02T09:44:44Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location|name=Kienberg|image_coa=DEU Kienberg COA.svg|image_photo=Pfarrkirche St. Martin, Kienberg-2.JPG|image_caption=Church of Saint Martin|coordinates={{coord|48|02|N|12|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}|image_plan=Kienberg in TS.svg|state=Bayern|region=Oberbayern|district=Traunstein|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft=Obing|elevation=558|area=22.83|postal_code=83361|area_code=08628|licence=TS|Gemeindeschlüssel=09 1 89 126|website=[http://www.kienberg.eu www.kienberg.eu]|mayor=Hans Schmidhuber<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref>|leader_term=2020&ndash;26|party=CSU}}'''Kienberg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈkiːnbɛʁk|-|De-Kienberg.ogg}}) Kienberg (de) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Traunstein, ní Bavaria, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Germany. ==itokasi== lcvmxjdbv01x4fydunmazwcbc2soojp 625001 625000 2026-07-02T09:45:14Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location|name=Kienberg|image_coa=DEU Kienberg COA.svg|image_photo=Pfarrkirche St. Martin, Kienberg-2.JPG|image_caption=Church of Saint Martin|coordinates={{coord|48|02|N|12|28|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}|image_plan=Kienberg in TS.svg|state=Bayern|region=Oberbayern|district=Traunstein|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft=Obing|elevation=558|area=22.83|postal_code=83361|area_code=08628|licence=TS|Gemeindeschlüssel=09 1 89 126|website=[http://www.kienberg.eu www.kienberg.eu]|mayor=Hans Schmidhuber<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref>|leader_term=2020&ndash;26|party=CSU}}'''Kienberg''' ({{IPA|de|ˈkiːnbɛʁk|-|De-Kienberg.ogg}}) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Traunstein, ní Bavaria, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Germany. ==itokasi== nmnr5slb6w6on88ixocc5xtvhcsf5ms 828 80807 624997 2026-07-02T09:43:30Z HERODOE 32217 Ìdásílẹ̀ Module:IPA/data 624997 Scribunto text/plain return { defaultLabel = "%s pronunciation:", labels = { ["lang"] = "%s:", ["pron"] = "pronounced", ["also"] = "also", ["alsolang"] = "also %s:", ["langalso"] = "%s also", ["local"] = "locally", ["localpron"] = "local pronunciation:", ["ipa"] = "IPA:", }, defaultKey = "Help:IPA", langs = { ["und"] = { text = "", defaultLabelCode = "ipa", }, ["mis"] = { text = "", defaultLabelCode = "ipa", }, ["en"] = { key = "Help:IPA/English", format = "/%s/", defaultLabelCode = "", dialects = { ["GB"] = { text = "UK", defaultLabelCode = "lang", }, ["UK"] = { aliasOf = "GB" }, ["US"] = { text = "US", defaultLabelCode = "lang", }, }, }, ["acw"] = { name = "Hejazi Arabic", key = "Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic", }, ["ady"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Adyghe", }, ["aeb"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Tunisian Arabic", }, ["aer"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Australian languages", }, ["af"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Afrikaans", }, ["aln"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Albanian", }, ["als"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Albanian", }, ["am"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Amharic", }, ["ang"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Old English", }, ["apc"] = { dialects = { ["LB"] = { name = "Lebanese Arabic", key = "Help:IPA/Lebanese Arabic", }, }, }, ["ar"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Arabic", }, ["arb"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Arabic", }, ["arz"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic", }, ["as"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Assamese", }, ["ast"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese", dialects = { ["ES-LE"] = { name = "Leonese", }, }, }, ["aus"] = { text = "Aboriginal", key = "Help:IPA/Australian languages", }, ["az"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Azerbaijani", }, ["be"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Belarusian", }, ["ber"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Berber", }, ["bg"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Bulgarian", }, ["bn"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Bengali", }, ["bo"] = { text = "Tibetan", key = "Help:IPA/Tibetan", }, ["br"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Breton", }, ["bs"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian", }, ["ca"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Catalan", dialects = { ["ES-IB"] = { name = "Balearic Catalan", key = "Help:IPA/Insular Catalan", }, ["IT"] = { name = "Algherese", key = "Help:IPA/Insular Catalan", }, ["VALENCIA"] = { isVariant = true, -- makes it lowercase }, }, }, ["ckb"] = { name = "Central Kurdish", key = "Help:IPA/Kurdish", }, ["ch"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Chamorro" }, ["cjy"] = { name = "Jin Chinese", key = "Help:IPA/Jin Chinese", }, ["cmn"] = { name = "Mandarin", link = "Standard Chinese", key = "Help:IPA/Mandarin", }, ["cnr"] 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}, ["fy"] = { key = "Help:IPA/West Frisian", }, ["ga"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Irish", dialects = { ["GB"] = { aliasOf = "x-ulster" }, ["IE-C"] = { name = "Connacht Irish", }, ["IE-M"] = { name = "Munster Irish", }, ["IE-U"] = { aliasOf = "x-ulster" }, ["x-ulster"] = { name = "Ulster Irish", }, } }, ["gct"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Alemannic German", }, ["gd"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic", }, ["gl"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Galician", }, ["grc"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Greek", dialects = { ["x-attic"] = {}, ["x-classic"] = {}, }, }, ["gsw"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Alemannic German", }, ["gu"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Gujarati", }, ["gv"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Manx", }, ["haw"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Hawaiian", }, ["hbo"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Hebrew", }, ["he"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Hebrew", }, ["hi"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu", }, ["hmn"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Hmong", }, ["hns"] = { name = "Hindustani", key = "Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu", }, ["hr"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian", }, ["hsb"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Sorbian", }, ["hsn"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Xiang Chinese", }, ["ht"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Haitian Creole", }, ["hu"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Hungarian", }, ["hy"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Armenian", }, ["id"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Malay", }, ["ig"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Igbo", }, ["ik"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Inupiaq", }, ["is"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Icelandic", }, ["it"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Italian", dialects = { ["IT-52"] = { name = "Tuscan", key = "Help:IPA/Central Italian", }, ["IT-55"] = { name = "Central Italian", key = "Help:IPA/Central Italian", }, ["IT-57"] = { name = "Central Italian", key = "Help:IPA/Central Italian", }, ["IT-RM"] = { name = "Romanesco", key = "Help:IPA/Central Italian", }, }, }, ["iu"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Inuktitut", }, ["ja"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Japanese", }, ["ka"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Georgian", }, ["khb"] = { name = "Tai Lue", key = "Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue", }, ["kjb"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Mayan" }, ["kk"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Kazakh", }, ["kl"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Greenlandic", }, ["km"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Khmer", }, ["kmr"] = { name = "Northern Kurdish", key = "Help:IPA/Kurdish", }, ["ko"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Korean", }, ["ksh"] = { name = "Colognian", key = "Help:IPA/Colognian", }, ["ku"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Kurdish", }, ["ky"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Kyrgyz", }, ["la"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Latin", dialects = { ["x-church"] = { name = "Ecclesiastical Latin", }, ["x-classic"] = { name = "Classical Latin", }, }, }, ["lac"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Mayan" }, ["lb"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Luxembourgish", }, ["lij"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Ligurian", }, ["lkt"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Lakota", }, ["lmo"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Lombard", }, ["lo"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Lao", }, ["lt"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Lithuanian", }, ["lv"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Latvian", }, ["mfe"] = { name = "Mauritian Creole", key = "Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole", }, ["mg"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Malagasy", }, ["mh"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Marshallese", }, ["mi"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Māori", }, ["mk"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Macedonian", }, ["ml"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Malayalam", }, ["mn"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Mongolian", }, ["mr"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Marathi", }, ["ms"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Malay", }, ["mt"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Maltese", }, ["mwl"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese", }, ["my"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Burmese", }, ["myn"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Mayan", }, ["nah"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Nahuatl", }, ["nan"] = { dialects = { ["TW"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Taiwanese Hokkien", }, }, }, ["nap"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Neapolitan", }, ["nci"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Nahuatl", }, ["ne"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Nepali", }, ["nhe"] = { name = "Huasteca Nahuatl", key = "Help:IPA/Nahuatl", }, ["nl"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Dutch", dialects = { ["BE"] = {}, }, }, ["nlv"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Nahuatl", }, ["no"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Norwegian", dialects = { ["NO-03"] = { name = "Urban East Norwegian", }, } }, ["nod"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Northern Thai", }, ["nv"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Navajo", }, ["oc"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Occitan", }, ["or"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Odia", }, ["pa"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Punjabi", }, ["pht"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Lao", }, ["pi"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Sanskrit", }, ["pjt"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Australian languages", }, ["pl"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Polish", }, ["pms"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Piedmontese", }, ["prs"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Persian", }, ["ps"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Pashto", }, ["pt"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Portuguese", dialects = { ["BR"] = { name = "Brazilian Portuguese", }, ["PT"] = { name = "European Portuguese", }, } }, ["qu"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Quechua", }, ["quc"] = { key ="Help:IPA/Mayan" }, ["rgn"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol", }, ["rm"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Romansh", }, ["ro"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Romanian", }, ["ru"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Russian", }, ["ryu"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Okinawan", }, ["sa"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Sanskrit", }, ["sc"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Sardinian", }, ["scn"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Sicilian", dialects = { ["IT-75"] = { name = "Salentino", }, ["IT-78"] = { name = "Calabrian", link = "Central-Southern Calabrian", }, }, }, ["sdh"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Kurdish", }, ["sh"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian", }, ["shn"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue", }, ["sk"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Slovak", }, ["sl"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Slovene", }, ["sou"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Thai", }, ["sq"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Albanian", }, ["sr"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian", }, ["ss"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Nguni", }, ["sv"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Swedish", dialects = { ["FI"] = { name = "Finland Swedish", }, }, }, ["sw"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Swahili", }, ["swg"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Alemannic German", }, ["syl"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Sylheti", }, ["ta"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Tamil", }, ["te"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Telugu", }, ["tg"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Persian", }, ["th"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Thai", }, ["ti"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Tigrinya", }, ["tk"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Turkmen", }, ["tl"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Tagalog", }, ["tr"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Turkish", }, ["tt"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Tatar", }, ["tts"] = { name = "Isan", key = "Help:IPA/Lao", }, ["uk"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Ukrainian", }, ["ur"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu", }, ["uz"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Uzbek", }, ["vec"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Venetian", }, ["vi"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Vietnamese", dialects = { ["VN-26"] = { name = "Central Vietnamese", }, ["VN-DN"] = { name = "Central Vietnamese", }, ["VN-HN"] = { name = "Northern Vietnamese", }, ["VN-SG"] = { name = "Southern Vietnamese", }, }, }, ["wa"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Walloon", }, ["wae"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Alemannic German", }, ["wbp"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Australian languages", }, ["wen"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Sorbian", }, ["wuu"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Wu Chinese", }, ["xh"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Nguni", }, ["yi"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Yiddish", }, ["yo"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Yoruba", }, ["yue"] = { name = "Cantonese", key = "Help:IPA/Cantonese", }, ["za"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Zhuang", }, ["zsm"] = { name = "Malaysian", key = "Help:IPA/Malay", }, ["zu"] = { key = "Help:IPA/Nguni", }, }, } 31tpiccpotvn713bf0gn0t5ortmly3t 0 80808 625002 2026-07-02T09:48:07Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 Ṣ'èdá ojúewé pẹ̀lú "{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kienberg|image_photo=Kienberg_Juli_2018.jpg|municipality_type=municipality|image_caption=Kienberg|imagepath_coa=Coat of arms of Kienberg SO.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Solothurn|iso-code-region=CH-SO|district=[[Gösgen (district)|Gösgen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|27|N|7|58|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=4468|municipality_code=2492|area=8.53|elevation=549|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-SO|2492}}|pop..." 625002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kienberg|image_photo=Kienberg_Juli_2018.jpg|municipality_type=municipality|image_caption=Kienberg|imagepath_coa=Coat of arms of Kienberg SO.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Solothurn|iso-code-region=CH-SO|district=[[Gösgen (district)|Gösgen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|27|N|7|58|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=4468|municipality_code=2492|area=8.53|elevation=549|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-SO|2492}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-SO}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-SO}}|website=www.kienberg.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Anwil]] (BL), [[Erlinsbach, Aargau|Erlinsbach]] (AG), [[Obererlinsbach]], [[Oberhof, Switzerland|Oberhof]] (AG), [[Oltingen]] (BL), [[Wittnau]] (AG), [[Wölflinswil]] (AG)|twintowns=}} '''Kienberg''' ({{IPA|de-CH|ˈkiːnbɛrɡ|-|De-Kienberg.ogg}}) is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Gösgen (district)|Gösgen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Solothurn (canton)|Solothurn]] in [[Switzerland]]. d4t30hg5073a3eytk8hl4vzyr57ozng 625003 625002 2026-07-02T09:49:20Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kienberg|image_photo=Kienberg_Juli_2018.jpg|municipality_type=municipality|image_caption=Kienberg|imagepath_coa=Coat of arms of Kienberg SO.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Solothurn|iso-code-region=CH-SO|district=[[Gösgen (district)|Gösgen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|27|N|7|58|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=4468|municipality_code=2492|area=8.53|elevation=549|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-SO|2492}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-SO}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-SO}}|website=www.kienberg.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Anwil]] (BL), [[Erlinsbach, Aargau|Erlinsbach]] (AG), [[Obererlinsbach]], [[Oberhof, Switzerland|Oberhof]] (AG), [[Oltingen]] (BL), [[Wittnau]] (AG), [[Wölflinswil]] (AG)|twintowns=}} Kienberg ({{IPA|de-CH|ˈkiːnbɛrɡ|-|De-Kienberg.ogg}}) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Gösgen, ní canton Solothurn, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. h6joo77r6ph5odmhl1pc4visanddegq 625005 625003 2026-07-02T09:53:42Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kienberg|image_photo=Kienberg_Juli_2018.jpg|municipality_type=municipality|image_caption=Kienberg|imagepath_coa=Coat of arms of Kienberg SO.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Solothurn|iso-code-region=CH-SO|district=[[Gösgen (district)|Gösgen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|27|N|7|58|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=4468|municipality_code=2492|area=8.53|elevation=549|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-SO|2492}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-SO}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-SO}}|website=www.kienberg.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Anwil]] (BL), [[Erlinsbach, Aargau|Erlinsbach]] (AG), [[Obererlinsbach]], [[Oberhof, Switzerland|Oberhof]] (AG), [[Oltingen]] (BL), [[Wittnau]] (AG), [[Wölflinswil]] (AG)|twintowns=}} Kienberg ({{IPA|de-CH|ˈkiːnbɛrɡ|-|De-Kienberg.ogg}}) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Gösgen, ní canton Solothurn, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Religion== [[Image:Kienberg-Preghejo 740.jpg|thumb|Pastoral Church Mariä Himmelfahrt at Kienberg]] Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, mẹ́rìndínlógọ́rin (247) nínú wọn (47.3%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí mẹ́tàlélọ́gọ́rin (167) (32.0%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church. Nínú àwọn yòókù, méjì (2) (nípa 0.38%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland, àti mẹ́tàlélógún (21) (nípa 4.02%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Kristẹni míràn. méjì (2) (nípa 0.38%) jẹ́ Musulumi. ọgọ́ta-mẹ́jọ (68) (nípa 13.03%) kò ní ìjọ kankan, wọ́n jẹ́ agnostic tàbí atheist, nígbà tí mẹ́ẹ̀dógún (15) (nípa 2.87%) kò dáhùn ìbéèrè náà. akxqt2480epp7ef6ssbipm8t09n9shd 625006 625005 2026-07-02T09:54:40Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kienberg|image_photo=Kienberg_Juli_2018.jpg|municipality_type=municipality|image_caption=Kienberg|imagepath_coa=Coat of arms of Kienberg SO.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Solothurn|iso-code-region=CH-SO|district=[[Gösgen (district)|Gösgen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|27|N|7|58|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=4468|municipality_code=2492|area=8.53|elevation=549|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-SO|2492}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-SO}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-SO}}|website=www.kienberg.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Anwil]] (BL), [[Erlinsbach, Aargau|Erlinsbach]] (AG), [[Obererlinsbach]], [[Oberhof, Switzerland|Oberhof]] (AG), [[Oltingen]] (BL), [[Wittnau]] (AG), [[Wölflinswil]] (AG)|twintowns=}} Kienberg ({{IPA|de-CH|ˈkiːnbɛrɡ|-|De-Kienberg.ogg}}) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Gösgen, ní canton Solothurn, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Religion== [[Image:Kienberg-Preghejo 740.jpg|thumb|Pastoral Church Mariä Himmelfahrt at Kienberg]] Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, mẹ́rìndínlógọ́rin (247) nínú wọn (47.3%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí mẹ́tàlélọ́gọ́rin (167) (32.0%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church. Nínú àwọn yòókù, méjì (2) (nípa 0.38%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland, àti oókan lè lógún (21) (nípa 4.02%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Kristẹni míràn. méjì (2) (nípa 0.38%) jẹ́ Musulumi. ọgọ́ta-mẹ́jọ (68) (nípa 13.03%) kò ní ìjọ kankan, wọ́n jẹ́ agnostic tàbí atheist, nígbà tí mẹ́ẹ̀dógún (15) (nípa 2.87%) kò dáhùn ìbéèrè náà. azq4atxtcq4mrst6uohepf0tpmp582j 625008 625006 2026-07-02T09:56:08Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kienberg|image_photo=Kienberg_Juli_2018.jpg|municipality_type=municipality|image_caption=Kienberg|imagepath_coa=Coat of arms of Kienberg SO.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Solothurn|iso-code-region=CH-SO|district=[[Gösgen (district)|Gösgen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|27|N|7|58|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=4468|municipality_code=2492|area=8.53|elevation=549|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-SO|2492}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-SO}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-SO}}|website=www.kienberg.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Anwil]] (BL), [[Erlinsbach, Aargau|Erlinsbach]] (AG), [[Obererlinsbach]], [[Oberhof, Switzerland|Oberhof]] (AG), [[Oltingen]] (BL), [[Wittnau]] (AG), [[Wölflinswil]] (AG)|twintowns=}} Kienberg ({{IPA|de-CH|ˈkiːnbɛrɡ|-|De-Kienberg.ogg}}) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Gösgen, ní canton Solothurn, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Ẹṣin == [[Image:Kienberg-Preghejo 740.jpg|thumb|Pastoral Church Mariä Himmelfahrt at Kienberg]] Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, mẹ́rìndínlógọ́rin (247) nínú wọn (47.3%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí mẹ́tàlélọ́gọ́rin (167) (32.0%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church. Nínú àwọn yòókù, méjì (2) (nípa 0.38%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland, àti oókan lè lógún (21) (nípa 4.02%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Kristẹni míràn. méjì (2) (nípa 0.38%) jẹ́ Musulumi. ọgọ́ta-mẹ́jọ (68) (nípa 13.03%) kò ní ìjọ kankan, wọ́n jẹ́ agnostic tàbí atheist, nígbà tí mẹ́ẹ̀dógún (15) (nípa 2.87%) kò dáhùn ìbéèrè náà.<ref name=STAT2000/> ==Politics== In the [[2007 Swiss federal election|2007 federal election]] the most popular party was the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] which received 33.26% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|CVP]] (26.23%), the [[FDP.The Liberals|FDP]] (21.98%) and the [[Green Party of Switzerland|Green Party]] (10.99%). In the federal election, a total of 200 votes were cast, and the [[voter turnout]] was 51.7%.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, ''Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514211354/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html |date=2015-05-14 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 May 2010</ref> qpzuigjbbavmblw8p1x8v3ct02pgrso 625009 625008 2026-07-02T09:57:52Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Oṣèlú (Politics) */ 625009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kienberg|image_photo=Kienberg_Juli_2018.jpg|municipality_type=municipality|image_caption=Kienberg|imagepath_coa=Coat of arms of Kienberg SO.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Solothurn|iso-code-region=CH-SO|district=[[Gösgen (district)|Gösgen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|27|N|7|58|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=4468|municipality_code=2492|area=8.53|elevation=549|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-SO|2492}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-SO}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-SO}}|website=www.kienberg.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Anwil]] (BL), [[Erlinsbach, Aargau|Erlinsbach]] (AG), [[Obererlinsbach]], [[Oberhof, Switzerland|Oberhof]] (AG), [[Oltingen]] (BL), [[Wittnau]] (AG), [[Wölflinswil]] (AG)|twintowns=}} Kienberg ({{IPA|de-CH|ˈkiːnbɛrɡ|-|De-Kienberg.ogg}}) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Gösgen, ní canton Solothurn, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Ẹṣin == [[Image:Kienberg-Preghejo 740.jpg|thumb|Pastoral Church Mariä Himmelfahrt at Kienberg]] Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, mẹ́rìndínlógọ́rin (247) nínú wọn (47.3%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí mẹ́tàlélọ́gọ́rin (167) (32.0%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church. Nínú àwọn yòókù, méjì (2) (nípa 0.38%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland, àti oókan lè lógún (21) (nípa 4.02%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Kristẹni míràn. méjì (2) (nípa 0.38%) jẹ́ Musulumi. ọgọ́ta-mẹ́jọ (68) (nípa 13.03%) kò ní ìjọ kankan, wọ́n jẹ́ agnostic tàbí atheist, nígbà tí mẹ́ẹ̀dógún (15) (nípa 2.87%) kò dáhùn ìbéèrè náà.<ref name=STAT2000/> ==Oṣèlú (Politics)== Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland ni odun 2007, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP (Swiss People’s Party), tí ó gba 33.26% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì tí ó tẹ̀lé ni: CVP (Christian Democratic People's Party) pẹ̀lú 26.23%, FDP (FDP.The Liberals) pẹ̀lú 21.98%, àti Green Party pẹ̀lú 10.99%. Ní ìdìbò yìí, apapọ ìbò igba (200) ni a dì, àti pé 51.7% ni ìdíwọ̀n ìfarahàn (voter turnout).<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, ''Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514211354/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html |date=2015-05-14 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 May 2010</ref> mvd0zigdpgnic53w4tf56q8xk9o6drv 625010 625009 2026-07-02T09:58:11Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kienberg|image_photo=Kienberg_Juli_2018.jpg|municipality_type=municipality|image_caption=Kienberg|imagepath_coa=Coat of arms of Kienberg SO.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Solothurn|iso-code-region=CH-SO|district=[[Gösgen (district)|Gösgen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|27|N|7|58|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=4468|municipality_code=2492|area=8.53|elevation=549|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-SO|2492}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-SO}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-SO}}|website=www.kienberg.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Anwil]] (BL), [[Erlinsbach, Aargau|Erlinsbach]] (AG), [[Obererlinsbach]], [[Oberhof, Switzerland|Oberhof]] (AG), [[Oltingen]] (BL), [[Wittnau]] (AG), [[Wölflinswil]] (AG)|twintowns=}} Kienberg ({{IPA|de-CH|ˈkiːnbɛrɡ|-|De-Kienberg.ogg}}) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Gösgen, ní canton Solothurn, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Ẹṣin == [[Image:Kienberg-Preghejo 740.jpg|thumb|Pastoral Church Mariä Himmelfahrt at Kienberg]] Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, mẹ́rìndínlógọ́rin (247) nínú wọn (47.3%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí mẹ́tàlélọ́gọ́rin (167) (32.0%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church. Nínú àwọn yòókù, méjì (2) (nípa 0.38%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland, àti oókan lè lógún (21) (nípa 4.02%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Kristẹni míràn. méjì (2) (nípa 0.38%) jẹ́ Musulumi. ọgọ́ta-mẹ́jọ (68) (nípa 13.03%) kò ní ìjọ kankan, wọ́n jẹ́ agnostic tàbí atheist, nígbà tí mẹ́ẹ̀dógún (15) (nípa 2.87%) kò dáhùn ìbéèrè náà.<ref name=STAT2000/> ==Oṣèlú (Politics)== Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland ni odun 2007, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP (Swiss People’s Party), tí ó gba 33.26% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì tí ó tẹ̀lé ni: CVP (Christian Democratic People's Party) pẹ̀lú 26.23%, FDP (FDP.The Liberals) pẹ̀lú 21.98%, àti Green Party pẹ̀lú 10.99%. Ní ìdìbò yìí, apapọ ìbò igba (200) ni a dì, àti pé 51.7% ni ìdíwọ̀n ìfarahàn (voter turnout).<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, ''Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514211354/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html |date=2015-05-14 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 May 2010</ref> ==itokasi == dni2sxmgrkejshrx99wmbucdwiqvzbb 625011 625010 2026-07-02T09:58:59Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Oṣèlú (Politics) */ 625011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kienberg|image_photo=Kienberg_Juli_2018.jpg|municipality_type=municipality|image_caption=Kienberg|imagepath_coa=Coat of arms of Kienberg SO.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Solothurn|iso-code-region=CH-SO|district=[[Gösgen (district)|Gösgen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|27|N|7|58|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=4468|municipality_code=2492|area=8.53|elevation=549|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-SO|2492}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-SO}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-SO}}|website=www.kienberg.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Anwil]] (BL), [[Erlinsbach, Aargau|Erlinsbach]] (AG), [[Obererlinsbach]], [[Oberhof, Switzerland|Oberhof]] (AG), [[Oltingen]] (BL), [[Wittnau]] (AG), [[Wölflinswil]] (AG)|twintowns=}} Kienberg ({{IPA|de-CH|ˈkiːnbɛrɡ|-|De-Kienberg.ogg}}) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Gösgen, ní canton Solothurn, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Ẹṣin == [[Image:Kienberg-Preghejo 740.jpg|thumb|Pastoral Church Mariä Himmelfahrt at Kienberg]] Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, mẹ́rìndínlógọ́rin (247) nínú wọn (47.3%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí mẹ́tàlélọ́gọ́rin (167) (32.0%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church. Nínú àwọn yòókù, méjì (2) (nípa 0.38%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland, àti oókan lè lógún (21) (nípa 4.02%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Kristẹni míràn. méjì (2) (nípa 0.38%) jẹ́ Musulumi. ọgọ́ta-mẹ́jọ (68) (nípa 13.03%) kò ní ìjọ kankan, wọ́n jẹ́ agnostic tàbí atheist, nígbà tí mẹ́ẹ̀dógún (15) (nípa 2.87%) kò dáhùn ìbéèrè náà.<ref name=STAT2000/> ==Oṣèlú (Politics)== Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland ni odun 2007, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP (Swiss People’s Party), tí ó gba 33.26% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì tí ó tẹ̀lé ni: CVP (Christian Democratic People's Party) pẹ̀lú 26.23%, FDP (FDP.The Liberals) pẹ̀lú 21.98%, àti Green Party pẹ̀lú 10.99%. Ní ìdìbò yìí, apapọ ìbò igba (200) ni a dì, àti pé 51.7% ni ìdíwọ̀n ìfarahàn (voter turnout).<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, ''Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514211354/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html |date=2015-05-14 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 May 2010</ref> ==Geography== [[File:ETH-BIB-Kienberg-LBS H1-014982.tif|thumb|left|Aerial view (1953)]] Kienberg has an area, {{as of|2009|lc=on}}, of {{convert|8.53|km2|sqmi|sp=us}}. Of this area, {{convert|4.25|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 49.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while {{convert|3.9|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 45.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, {{convert|0.37|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 4.3% is settled (buildings or roads) and {{convert|0.03|km2|acre|abbr=on}} or 0.4% is unproductive land.<ref name=BFS_land>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/03/blank/data/gemeindedaten.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics] 2009 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 25 March 2010</ref> Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 2.5% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.5%. Out of the forested land, 41.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 14.2% is used for growing crops and 31.4% is pastures, while 4.2% is used for orchards or vine crops.<ref name=BFS_land/> The municipality is located in the Gösgen district, on the border between the [[Jura Mountains|Jura Plateau]] and the [[Fricktal]]. It lies on the road over the Salhöhe pass. ==itokasi == n04bf0t2q1058ya8vqlk1nfpyr7g371 625012 625011 2026-07-02T10:00:01Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kienberg|image_photo=Kienberg_Juli_2018.jpg|municipality_type=municipality|image_caption=Kienberg|imagepath_coa=Coat of arms of Kienberg SO.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Solothurn|iso-code-region=CH-SO|district=[[Gösgen (district)|Gösgen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|27|N|7|58|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=4468|municipality_code=2492|area=8.53|elevation=549|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-SO|2492}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-SO}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-SO}}|website=www.kienberg.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Anwil]] (BL), [[Erlinsbach, Aargau|Erlinsbach]] (AG), [[Obererlinsbach]], [[Oberhof, Switzerland|Oberhof]] (AG), [[Oltingen]] (BL), [[Wittnau]] (AG), [[Wölflinswil]] (AG)|twintowns=}} Kienberg ({{IPA|de-CH|ˈkiːnbɛrɡ|-|De-Kienberg.ogg}}) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Gösgen, ní canton Solothurn, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Ẹṣin == [[Image:Kienberg-Preghejo 740.jpg|thumb|Pastoral Church Mariä Himmelfahrt at Kienberg]] Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, mẹ́rìndínlógọ́rin (247) nínú wọn (47.3%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí mẹ́tàlélọ́gọ́rin (167) (32.0%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church. Nínú àwọn yòókù, méjì (2) (nípa 0.38%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland, àti oókan lè lógún (21) (nípa 4.02%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Kristẹni míràn. méjì (2) (nípa 0.38%) jẹ́ Musulumi. ọgọ́ta-mẹ́jọ (68) (nípa 13.03%) kò ní ìjọ kankan, wọ́n jẹ́ agnostic tàbí atheist, nígbà tí mẹ́ẹ̀dógún (15) (nípa 2.87%) kò dáhùn ìbéèrè náà.<ref name=STAT2000/> ==Oṣèlú (Politics)== Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland ni odun 2007, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP (Swiss People’s Party), tí ó gba 33.26% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì tí ó tẹ̀lé ni: CVP (Christian Democratic People's Party) pẹ̀lú 26.23%, FDP (FDP.The Liberals) pẹ̀lú 21.98%, àti Green Party pẹ̀lú 10.99%. Ní ìdìbò yìí, apapọ ìbò igba (200) ni a dì, àti pé 51.7% ni ìdíwọ̀n ìfarahàn (voter turnout).<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, ''Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514211354/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html |date=2015-05-14 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 May 2010</ref> ==Geography== [[File:ETH-BIB-Kienberg-LBS H1-014982.tif|thumb|left|Aerial view (1953)]] Kienberg ní àgbègbè ilẹ̀ kan, títí di ọdún 2009, tó tó mẹ́jọ kù díẹ̀ (8.53) km² (3.29 sq mi). Nínú àgbègbè yìí, mẹ́rin kù díẹ̀ (4.25) km² (1.64 sq mi), tó jẹ́ 49.8%, ni a ń lò fún iṣẹ́ ogbin. Mẹ́ta kù díẹ̀ (3.9) km² (1.5 sq mi), tó jẹ́ 45.7%, jẹ́ ilẹ̀ igbó. Nínú ilẹ̀ tó kù, 0.37 km² (0.14 sq mi), tó jẹ́ 4.3%, ni a ti kọ́ ilé àti ọ̀nà sí (settled area), nígbà tí 0.03 km² (7.4 acres), tó jẹ́ 0.4%, jẹ́ ilẹ̀ tí kò wúlò fún ìdàgbàsókè.<ref name=BFS_land>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/03/blank/data/gemeindedaten.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics] 2009 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 25 March 2010</ref> Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 2.5% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.5%. Out of the forested land, 41.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 14.2% is used for growing crops and 31.4% is pastures, while 4.2% is used for orchards or vine crops.<ref name=BFS_land/> The municipality is located in the Gösgen district, on the border between the [[Jura Mountains|Jura Plateau]] and the [[Fricktal]]. It lies on the road over the Salhöhe pass. ==itokasi == dtajpzizw0w0vnwz1g0ckzn8gudchjx 625013 625012 2026-07-02T10:00:52Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kienberg|image_photo=Kienberg_Juli_2018.jpg|municipality_type=municipality|image_caption=Kienberg|imagepath_coa=Coat of arms of Kienberg SO.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Solothurn|iso-code-region=CH-SO|district=[[Gösgen (district)|Gösgen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|27|N|7|58|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=4468|municipality_code=2492|area=8.53|elevation=549|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-SO|2492}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-SO}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-SO}}|website=www.kienberg.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Anwil]] (BL), [[Erlinsbach, Aargau|Erlinsbach]] (AG), [[Obererlinsbach]], [[Oberhof, Switzerland|Oberhof]] (AG), [[Oltingen]] (BL), [[Wittnau]] (AG), [[Wölflinswil]] (AG)|twintowns=}} Kienberg ({{IPA|de-CH|ˈkiːnbɛrɡ|-|De-Kienberg.ogg}}) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Gösgen, ní canton Solothurn, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Ẹṣin == [[Image:Kienberg-Preghejo 740.jpg|thumb|Pastoral Church Mariä Himmelfahrt at Kienberg]] Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, mẹ́rìndínlógọ́rin (247) nínú wọn (47.3%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí mẹ́tàlélọ́gọ́rin (167) (32.0%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church. Nínú àwọn yòókù, méjì (2) (nípa 0.38%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland, àti oókan lè lógún (21) (nípa 4.02%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Kristẹni míràn. méjì (2) (nípa 0.38%) jẹ́ Musulumi. ọgọ́ta-mẹ́jọ (68) (nípa 13.03%) kò ní ìjọ kankan, wọ́n jẹ́ agnostic tàbí atheist, nígbà tí mẹ́ẹ̀dógún (15) (nípa 2.87%) kò dáhùn ìbéèrè náà.<ref name=STAT2000/> ==Oṣèlú (Politics)== Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland ni odun 2007, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP (Swiss People’s Party), tí ó gba 33.26% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì tí ó tẹ̀lé ni: CVP (Christian Democratic People's Party) pẹ̀lú 26.23%, FDP (FDP.The Liberals) pẹ̀lú 21.98%, àti Green Party pẹ̀lú 10.99%. Ní ìdìbò yìí, apapọ ìbò igba (200) ni a dì, àti pé 51.7% ni ìdíwọ̀n ìfarahàn (voter turnout).<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, ''Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514211354/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html |date=2015-05-14 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 May 2010</ref> ==Geography== [[File:ETH-BIB-Kienberg-LBS H1-014982.tif|thumb|left|Aerial view (1953)]] Kienberg ní àgbègbè ilẹ̀ kan, títí di ọdún 2009, tó tó mẹ́jọ kù díẹ̀ (8.53) km² (3.29 sq mi). Nínú àgbègbè yìí, mẹ́rin kù díẹ̀ (4.25) km² (1.64 sq mi), tó jẹ́ 49.8%, ni a ń lò fún iṣẹ́ ogbin. Mẹ́ta kù díẹ̀ (3.9) km² (1.5 sq mi), tó jẹ́ 45.7%, jẹ́ ilẹ̀ igbó. Nínú ilẹ̀ tó kù, 0.37 km² (0.14 sq mi), tó jẹ́ 4.3%, ni a ti kọ́ ilé àti ọ̀nà sí (settled area), nígbà tí 0.03 km² (7.4 acres), tó jẹ́ 0.4%, jẹ́ ilẹ̀ tí kò wúlò fún ìdàgbàsókè.<ref name=BFS_land>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/03/blank/data/gemeindedaten.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics] 2009 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 25 March 2010</ref> Nínú àgbègbè tí a ti kọ́ ilé sí (built-up area), ilé àti ilé ìgbé jẹ́ 2.5%, nígbà tí ìlànà ọkọ̀ àti ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò (transportation infrastructure) jẹ́ 1.5%. Nínú ilẹ̀ igbó, 41.0% ti gbogbo àgbègbè ni igbó tí ó ní gígùn tí ó sì pọ̀ (heavily forested), nígbà tí 4.7% jẹ́ igbó kékeré tàbí ẹgbẹ́ igi kékeré (orchards tàbí clusters of trees). Nínú ilẹ̀ ogbin, 14.2% ni a ń lò fún irúgbìn oko, 31.4% jẹ́ pápá ẹran (pastures), nígbà tí 4.2% ni a ń lò fún orchards tàbí oko àjàrà (vine crops).<ref name=BFS_land/> The municipality is located in the Gösgen district, on the border between the [[Jura Mountains|Jura Plateau]] and the [[Fricktal]]. It lies on the road over the Salhöhe pass. ==itokasi == fwcmv8i47g38xnnk7a6udwumtwh43u1 625014 625013 2026-07-02T10:01:42Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kienberg|image_photo=Kienberg_Juli_2018.jpg|municipality_type=municipality|image_caption=Kienberg|imagepath_coa=Coat of arms of Kienberg SO.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Solothurn|iso-code-region=CH-SO|district=[[Gösgen (district)|Gösgen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|27|N|7|58|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=4468|municipality_code=2492|area=8.53|elevation=549|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-SO|2492}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-SO}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-SO}}|website=www.kienberg.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Anwil]] (BL), [[Erlinsbach, Aargau|Erlinsbach]] (AG), [[Obererlinsbach]], [[Oberhof, Switzerland|Oberhof]] (AG), [[Oltingen]] (BL), [[Wittnau]] (AG), [[Wölflinswil]] (AG)|twintowns=}} Kienberg ({{IPA|de-CH|ˈkiːnbɛrɡ|-|De-Kienberg.ogg}}) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Gösgen, ní canton Solothurn, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Ẹṣin == [[Image:Kienberg-Preghejo 740.jpg|thumb|Pastoral Church Mariä Himmelfahrt at Kienberg]] Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, mẹ́rìndínlógọ́rin (247) nínú wọn (47.3%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí mẹ́tàlélọ́gọ́rin (167) (32.0%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church. Nínú àwọn yòókù, méjì (2) (nípa 0.38%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland, àti oókan lè lógún (21) (nípa 4.02%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Kristẹni míràn. méjì (2) (nípa 0.38%) jẹ́ Musulumi. ọgọ́ta-mẹ́jọ (68) (nípa 13.03%) kò ní ìjọ kankan, wọ́n jẹ́ agnostic tàbí atheist, nígbà tí mẹ́ẹ̀dógún (15) (nípa 2.87%) kò dáhùn ìbéèrè náà.<ref name=STAT2000/> ==Oṣèlú (Politics)== Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland ni odun 2007, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP (Swiss People’s Party), tí ó gba 33.26% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì tí ó tẹ̀lé ni: CVP (Christian Democratic People's Party) pẹ̀lú 26.23%, FDP (FDP.The Liberals) pẹ̀lú 21.98%, àti Green Party pẹ̀lú 10.99%. Ní ìdìbò yìí, apapọ ìbò igba (200) ni a dì, àti pé 51.7% ni ìdíwọ̀n ìfarahàn (voter turnout).<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, ''Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514211354/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html |date=2015-05-14 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 May 2010</ref> ==Geography== [[File:ETH-BIB-Kienberg-LBS H1-014982.tif|thumb|left|Aerial view (1953)]] Kienberg ní àgbègbè ilẹ̀ kan, títí di ọdún 2009, tó tó mẹ́jọ kù díẹ̀ (8.53) km² (3.29 sq mi). Nínú àgbègbè yìí, mẹ́rin kù díẹ̀ (4.25) km² (1.64 sq mi), tó jẹ́ 49.8%, ni a ń lò fún iṣẹ́ ogbin. Mẹ́ta kù díẹ̀ (3.9) km² (1.5 sq mi), tó jẹ́ 45.7%, jẹ́ ilẹ̀ igbó. Nínú ilẹ̀ tó kù, 0.37 km² (0.14 sq mi), tó jẹ́ 4.3%, ni a ti kọ́ ilé àti ọ̀nà sí (settled area), nígbà tí 0.03 km² (7.4 acres), tó jẹ́ 0.4%, jẹ́ ilẹ̀ tí kò wúlò fún ìdàgbàsókè.<ref name=BFS_land>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/03/blank/data/gemeindedaten.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics] 2009 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 25 March 2010</ref> Nínú àgbègbè tí a ti kọ́ ilé sí (built-up area), ilé àti ilé ìgbé jẹ́ 2.5%, nígbà tí ìlànà ọkọ̀ àti ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò (transportation infrastructure) jẹ́ 1.5%. Nínú ilẹ̀ igbó, 41.0% ti gbogbo àgbègbè ni igbó tí ó ní gígùn tí ó sì pọ̀ (heavily forested), nígbà tí 4.7% jẹ́ igbó kékeré tàbí ẹgbẹ́ igi kékeré (orchards tàbí clusters of trees). Nínú ilẹ̀ ogbin, 14.2% ni a ń lò fún irúgbìn oko, 31.4% jẹ́ pápá ẹran (pastures), nígbà tí 4.2% ni a ń lò fún orchards tàbí oko àjàrà (vine crops).<ref name=BFS_land/> Ìlú ìṣàkóso náà wà ní àgbègbè Gösgen, lórí ààlà láàárín pẹ́lẹ́tẹ́ Jùrá (Jura Plateau) àti Fricktal. Ó wà lórí ọ̀nà tó gba Salhöhe pass kọjá. ==itokasi == 3v3u711qflsxh5zn3dxy3dmn81jt3b4 625015 625014 2026-07-02T10:02:31Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kienberg|image_photo=Kienberg_Juli_2018.jpg|municipality_type=municipality|image_caption=Kienberg|imagepath_coa=Coat of arms of Kienberg SO.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Solothurn|iso-code-region=CH-SO|district=[[Gösgen (district)|Gösgen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|27|N|7|58|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=4468|municipality_code=2492|area=8.53|elevation=549|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-SO|2492}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-SO}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-SO}}|website=www.kienberg.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Anwil]] (BL), [[Erlinsbach, Aargau|Erlinsbach]] (AG), [[Obererlinsbach]], [[Oberhof, Switzerland|Oberhof]] (AG), [[Oltingen]] (BL), [[Wittnau]] (AG), [[Wölflinswil]] (AG)|twintowns=}} Kienberg ({{IPA|de-CH|ˈkiːnbɛrɡ|-|De-Kienberg.ogg}}) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Gösgen, ní canton Solothurn, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Ẹṣin == [[Image:Kienberg-Preghejo 740.jpg|thumb|Pastoral Church Mariä Himmelfahrt at Kienberg]] Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, mẹ́rìndínlógọ́rin (247) nínú wọn (47.3%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí mẹ́tàlélọ́gọ́rin (167) (32.0%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church. Nínú àwọn yòókù, méjì (2) (nípa 0.38%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland, àti oókan lè lógún (21) (nípa 4.02%) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Kristẹni míràn. méjì (2) (nípa 0.38%) jẹ́ Musulumi. ọgọ́ta-mẹ́jọ (68) (nípa 13.03%) kò ní ìjọ kankan, wọ́n jẹ́ agnostic tàbí atheist, nígbà tí mẹ́ẹ̀dógún (15) (nípa 2.87%) kò dáhùn ìbéèrè náà.<ref name=STAT2000/> ==Oṣèlú (Politics)== Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland ni odun 2007, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP (Swiss People’s Party), tí ó gba 33.26% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì tí ó tẹ̀lé ni: CVP (Christian Democratic People's Party) pẹ̀lú 26.23%, FDP (FDP.The Liberals) pẹ̀lú 21.98%, àti Green Party pẹ̀lú 10.99%. Ní ìdìbò yìí, apapọ ìbò igba (200) ni a dì, àti pé 51.7% ni ìdíwọ̀n ìfarahàn (voter turnout).<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, ''Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514211354/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html |date=2015-05-14 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 May 2010</ref> ==Ìpínlẹ̀ (Geography)== [[File:ETH-BIB-Kienberg-LBS H1-014982.tif|thumb|left|Aerial view (1953)]] Kienberg ní àgbègbè ilẹ̀ kan, títí di ọdún 2009, tó tó mẹ́jọ kù díẹ̀ (8.53) km² (3.29 sq mi). Nínú àgbègbè yìí, mẹ́rin kù díẹ̀ (4.25) km² (1.64 sq mi), tó jẹ́ 49.8%, ni a ń lò fún iṣẹ́ ogbin. Mẹ́ta kù díẹ̀ (3.9) km² (1.5 sq mi), tó jẹ́ 45.7%, jẹ́ ilẹ̀ igbó. Nínú ilẹ̀ tó kù, 0.37 km² (0.14 sq mi), tó jẹ́ 4.3%, ni a ti kọ́ ilé àti ọ̀nà sí (settled area), nígbà tí 0.03 km² (7.4 acres), tó jẹ́ 0.4%, jẹ́ ilẹ̀ tí kò wúlò fún ìdàgbàsókè.<ref name=BFS_land>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/03/blank/data/gemeindedaten.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics] 2009 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 25 March 2010</ref> Nínú àgbègbè tí a ti kọ́ ilé sí (built-up area), ilé àti ilé ìgbé jẹ́ 2.5%, nígbà tí ìlànà ọkọ̀ àti ọ̀nà ìrìnàjò (transportation infrastructure) jẹ́ 1.5%. Nínú ilẹ̀ igbó, 41.0% ti gbogbo àgbègbè ni igbó tí ó ní gígùn tí ó sì pọ̀ (heavily forested), nígbà tí 4.7% jẹ́ igbó kékeré tàbí ẹgbẹ́ igi kékeré (orchards tàbí clusters of trees). Nínú ilẹ̀ ogbin, 14.2% ni a ń lò fún irúgbìn oko, 31.4% jẹ́ pápá ẹran (pastures), nígbà tí 4.2% ni a ń lò fún orchards tàbí oko àjàrà (vine crops).<ref name=BFS_land/> Ìlú ìṣàkóso náà wà ní àgbègbè Gösgen, lórí ààlà láàárín pẹ́lẹ́tẹ́ Jùrá (Jura Plateau) àti Fricktal. Ó wà lórí ọ̀nà tó gba Salhöhe pass kọjá. ==itokasi == jeuu37u4xzulbiw8xucnaj9n1mr3heq 828 80809 625004 2026-07-02T09:50:39Z HERODOE 32217 Ṣ'èdá ojúewé pẹ̀lú "return { ["C"] = 791000, ["C-Class"] = 17000, ["C-SPAN"] = 13000, ["C-cmn"] = 2800, ["C-pl"] = 51000, ["C."] = 351000, ["CAN"] = 20000, ["CANelec"] = 18000, ["CANelec/gain"] = 3400, ["CANelec/hold"] = 6600, ["CANelec/source"] = 11000, ["CANelec/top"] = 8600, ["CANelec/total"] = 9300, ["CAS"] = 3800, ["CAS_Registry_Number"] = 3800, ["CBB_Yearly_Record_End"] = 3500, ["CBB_Yearly_Record_Entry"] = 3600, ["CBB_Yearly_Record_Start"] = 3400, ["CBB_Yearly_Record_Subhe..." 625004 Scribunto text/plain return { ["C"] = 791000, ["C-Class"] = 17000, ["C-SPAN"] = 13000, ["C-cmn"] = 2800, ["C-pl"] = 51000, ["C."] = 351000, ["CAN"] = 20000, ["CANelec"] = 18000, ["CANelec/gain"] = 3400, ["CANelec/hold"] = 6600, ["CANelec/source"] = 11000, ["CANelec/top"] = 8600, ["CANelec/total"] = 9300, ["CAS"] = 3800, ["CAS_Registry_Number"] = 3800, ["CBB_Yearly_Record_End"] = 3500, ["CBB_Yearly_Record_Entry"] = 3600, ["CBB_Yearly_Record_Start"] = 3400, ["CBB_Yearly_Record_Subhead"] = 4200, ["CBB_Yearly_Record_Subtotal"] = 3300, ["CBB_roster/Footer"] = 10000, ["CBB_roster/Header"] = 10000, ["CBB_roster/Player"] = 10000, ["CBB_schedule_end"] = 13000, ["CBB_schedule_entry"] = 13000, ["CBB_schedule_start"] = 13000, ["CBB_standings_end"] = 19000, ["CBB_standings_entry"] = 19000, ["CBB_standings_start"] = 19000, ["CBB_yearly_record_end"] = 4700, ["CBB_yearly_record_end/legend"] = 4100, ["CBB_yearly_record_entry"] = 4600, ["CBB_yearly_record_start"] = 4500, ["CBB_yearly_record_subhead"] = 4300, ["CBB_yearly_record_subtotal"] = 4400, ["CBSB_Standings_End"] = 2700, ["CBSB_Standings_Entry"] = 2700, ["CBSB_Standings_Start"] = 2600, ["CBSB_link"] = 4100, ["CBSB_standings_end"] = 5500, ["CBSB_standings_entry"] = 5500, ["CBSB_standings_start"] = 5500, ["CC0"] = 3900, ["CC_BY-SA_2.5"] = 2100, ["CC_BY-SA_2.5,_2.0,_1.0"] = 2100, ["CC_BY-SA_3.0"] = 21000, ["CC_BY-SA_3.0_migrated"] = 19000, ["CC_BY-SA_4.0"] = 13000, ["CC_BY_2.5"] = 2600, ["CC_BY_3.0"] = 7000, ["CFB_Standings_End"] = 16000, ["CFB_Standings_Entry"] = 16000, ["CFB_Standings_Start"] = 16000, ["CFB_Yearly_Record_End"] = 7900, ["CFB_Yearly_Record_End/legend"] = 2900, ["CFB_Yearly_Record_Entry"] = 7900, ["CFB_Yearly_Record_Start"] = 7900, ["CFB_Yearly_Record_Subhead"] = 8000, ["CFB_Yearly_Record_Subtotal"] = 7800, ["CFB_schedule"] = 29000, ["CFB_schedule_entry"] = 22000, ["CFB_standings_end"] = 39000, ["CFB_standings_entry"] = 39000, ["CFB_standings_start"] = 39000, ["CFL_Year"] = 7200, ["CGF_year"] = 3600, ["CGNDB_URL"] = 5300, ["CHE"] = 11000, ["CHI"] = 3300, ["CHL"] = 4200, ["CHN"] = 15000, ["CN"] = 4100, ["CO2"] = 3400, ["COI"] = 14000, ["COIUL"] = 131000, ["COI_editnotice"] = 7800, ["COL"] = 5600, ["COLON"] = 14000, ["CRI"] = 2300, ["CRO"] = 6500, ["CS1_config"] = 15000, ["CSK"] = 2800, ["CSS_image_crop"] = 9100, ["CUB"] = 4200, ["CURRENTDATE"] = 3600, ["CURRENTMINUTE"] = 2500, ["CYP"] = 2200, ["CZE"] = 16000, ["Calendar"] = 2500, ["Calendar/styles.css"] = 2700, ["California/color"] = 12000, ["Call_sign_disambiguation"] = 3100, ["Campaignbox"] = 26000, ["CanProvName"] = 19000, ["CanadaByProvinceCatNav"] = 9500, ["CanadaProvinceThe"] = 4500, ["Canada_NTS_Map_Sheet"] = 2100, ["Canada_by_province_category_navigation"] = 9900, ["Canadian_English"] = 13000, ["Canadian_Parliament_links"] = 5100, ["Canadian_election_result"] = 18000, ["Canadian_election_result/gain"] = 3600, ["Canadian_election_result/hold"] = 6800, ["Canadian_election_result/source"] = 12000, ["Canadian_election_result/top"] = 18000, ["Canadian_election_result/total"] = 14000, ["Canadian_party_colour"] = 11000, ["Canadian_party_colour/colour"] = 23000, ["Canadian_party_colour/colour/default"] = 22000, ["Canadian_party_colour/name"] = 19000, ["Canadian_party_colour/name/default"] = 8200, ["Canadian_province_name"] = 19000, ["Canned_search"] = 7900, ["Cardinal_to_word"] = 7500, ["Cascite"] = 16000, ["Caselaw_source"] = 4800, ["Cassini-Ehess"] = 3100, ["Cast_listing"] = 29000, ["Castlist"] = 5100, ["Cat"] = 460000, ["CatAutoTOC"] = 374000, ["CatRel"] = 4100, ["CatTrack"] = 20000, ["Cat_class"] = 6600, ["Cat_main"] = 149000, ["Cat_more"] = 103000, ["Cat_more_if_exists"] = 29000, ["Cat_see_also"] = 3800, ["Catalog_lookup_link"] = 59000, ["Catalog_of_Fishes"] = 9500, ["Catalogue_of_Life"] = 23000, ["Category"] = 2400, ["Category-Class"] = 14000, ["Category-inline"] = 11000, ["Category_TOC"] = 81000, ["Category_TOC/tracking"] = 81000, ["Category_U.S._State_elections_by_year"] = 7500, ["Category_U.S._State_elections_by_year/core"] = 7500, ["Category_class"] = 25000, ["Category_described_in_year"] = 6400, ["Category_diffuse"] = 11000, ["Category_disambiguation"] = 2700, ["Category_explanation"] = 414000, ["Category_handler"] = 2720000, ["Category_if_exists"] = 83000, ["Category_ifexist"] = 4800, ["Category_importance"] = 8900, ["Category_link"] = 676000, ["Category_link/core"] = 676000, ["Category_link_if_exists"] = 79000, ["Category_link_with_count"] = 9200, ["Category_link_without_namespace"] = 792000, ["Category_links"] = 9900, ["Category_main_article"] = 220000, ["Category_more"] = 143000, ["Category_more_if_exists"] = 49000, ["Category_ordered_by_date"] = 13000, ["Category_other"] = 1100000, ["Category_pair"] = 2100, ["Category_redirect"] = 170000, ["Category_redirect/core"] = 170000, ["Category_see_also"] = 55000, ["Category_see_also/Category_pair_check"] = 55000, ["Category_see_also_if_exists"] = 94000, ["Category_see_also_if_exists_2"] = 101000, ["Category_series_navigation"] = 593000, ["Category_title"] = 2400, ["Catexp"] = 5900, ["CathEncy"] = 2300, ["Catholic"] = 3700, ["Catholic_Encyclopedia"] = 5100, ["Catmain"] = 29000, ["Catmore"] = 9800, ["Catseealso"] = 2300, ["Cbb_link"] = 10000, ["Cbignore"] = 131000, ["Cbsb_link"] = 2500, ["Cc-by-2.5"] = 2600, ["Cc-by-3.0"] = 7000, ["Cc-by-sa-2.5"] = 2100, ["Cc-by-sa-2.5,2.0,1.0"] = 2100, ["Cc-by-sa-3.0"] = 20000, ["Cc-by-sa-3.0-migrated"] = 19000, ["Cc-by-sa-4.0"] = 13000, ["Cc-zero"] = 3800, ["CensusAU"] = 9100, ["Census_2016_AUS"] = 5700, ["Census_2021_AUS"] = 6200, ["Cent"] = 6800, ["Center"] = 298000, ["Centralized_discussion"] = 7200, ["Centralized_discussion/core"] = 7200, ["Centralized_discussion/styles.css"] = 7200, ["Centre"] = 4100, ["Century"] = 16000, ["Century_name_from_decade"] = 2400, ["Century_name_from_decade_or_year"] = 126000, ["Century_name_from_title_decade"] = 7500, ["Century_name_from_title_year"] = 7500, ["Certification_Cite_Ref"] = 38000, ["Certification_Table_Bottom"] = 37000, ["Certification_Table_Entry"] = 38000, ["Certification_Table_Entry/Foot"] = 37000, ["Certification_Table_Entry/Foot/helper"] = 37000, ["Certification_Table_Entry/MexicanAward"] = 2300, ["Certification_Table_Entry/Region"] = 38000, ["Certification_Table_Entry/Sales"] = 37000, ["Certification_Table_Entry/Sales/AustrianPeriod"] = 2400, ["Certification_Table_Entry/Sales/BelgianPeriod"] = 2400, ["Certification_Table_Entry/Sales/DanishPeriod"] = 4300, ["Certification_Table_Entry/Sales/DanishPeriodHelper1"] = 4300, ["Certification_Table_Entry/Sales/DanishPeriodHelper2"] = 4300, ["Certification_Table_Entry/Sales/FrenchPeriod"] = 2200, ["Certification_Table_Entry/Sales/FrenchPeriodAlbum"] = 2000, ["Certification_Table_Entry/Sales/GermanPeriod"] = 4100, ["Certification_Table_Entry/Sales/ItalianHelper"] = 4400, ["Certification_Table_Entry/Sales/MexicanSales"] = 2200, ["Certification_Table_Entry/Sales/NewZealandPeriod"] = 7700, ["Certification_Table_Entry/Sales/SpanishSinglesPeriod"] = 2800, ["Certification_Table_Entry/Sales/SwedishPeriod"] = 2200, ["Certification_Table_Separator"] = 3200, ["Certification_Table_Top"] = 38000, ["Cfb_link"] = 26000, ["Cfd_all"] = 3600, ["Chart_bottom"] = 4400, ["Chart_top"] = 4400, ["Check_completeness_of_transclusions"] = 62000, ["Check_talk"] = 63000, ["Check_talk_wp"] = 1450000, ["Check_winner_by_scores"] = 16000, ["CheckedSockpuppet"] = 7200, ["Checked_sockpuppet"] = 18000, ["Checkedsockpuppet"] = 5300, ["Checkip"] = 12000, ["Checkuser"] = 89000, ["Checkuserblock-account"] = 43000, ["Chem"] = 6100, ["Chem/atom"] = 6000, ["Chem/link"] = 6100, ["Chem2"] = 11000, ["Chem_molar_mass"] = 22000, ["Chem_molar_mass/format"] = 22000, ["Chembox"] = 16000, ["Chembox/styles.css"] = 16000, ["Chembox_3DMet"] = 15000, ["Chembox_AllOtherNames"] = 14000, ["Chembox_AllOtherNames/format"] = 14000, ["Chembox_Appearance"] = 7200, ["Chembox_BoilingPt"] = 4200, ["Chembox_CASNo"] = 15000, ["Chembox_CASNo/format"] = 15000, ["Chembox_CalcTemperatures"] = 7500, ["Chembox_ChEBI"] = 15000, ["Chembox_ChEBI/format"] = 15000, ["Chembox_ChEMBL"] = 15000, ["Chembox_ChEMBL/format"] = 15000, ["Chembox_ChemSpiderID"] = 15000, ["Chembox_ChemSpiderID/format"] = 15000, ["Chembox_CompTox"] = 15000, ["Chembox_CompTox/format"] = 15000, ["Chembox_Datapage_check"] = 16000, ["Chembox_Density"] = 5600, ["Chembox_DrugBank"] = 15000, ["Chembox_DrugBank/format"] = 15000, ["Chembox_ECHA"] = 8200, ["Chembox_ECNumber"] = 15000, ["Chembox_ECNumber/format"] = 15000, ["Chembox_Elements"] = 15000, ["Chembox_Elements/molecular_formula"] = 21000, ["Chembox_FlashPt"] = 2100, ["Chembox_Footer"] = 15000, ["Chembox_Footer/tracking"] = 15000, ["Chembox_GHS_(set)"] = 4500, ["Chembox_Hazards"] = 13000, ["Chembox_IUPHAR_ligand"] = 15000, ["Chembox_IUPHAR_ligand/format"] = 15000, ["Chembox_Identifiers"] = 15000, ["Chembox_InChI"] = 15000, ["Chembox_InChI/format"] = 15000, ["Chembox_Indexlist"] = 15000, ["Chembox_Jmol"] = 15000, ["Chembox_Jmol/format"] = 15000, ["Chembox_KEGG"] = 15000, ["Chembox_KEGG/format"] = 15000, ["Chembox_MeltingPt"] = 6600, ["Chembox_OtherCpds"] = 2100, ["Chembox_Properties"] = 15000, ["Chembox_PubChem"] = 15000, ["Chembox_PubChem/format"] = 15000, ["Chembox_RTECS"] = 15000, ["Chembox_RTECS/format"] = 15000, ["Chembox_Related"] = 4200, ["Chembox_SMILES"] = 15000, ["Chembox_SMILES/format"] = 15000, ["Chembox_SolubilityInWater"] = 4500, ["Chembox_Structure"] = 2400, ["Chembox_UNII"] = 15000, ["Chembox_UNII/format"] = 15000, ["Chembox_headerbar"] = 16000, ["Chembox_image"] = 14000, ["Chembox_image_cell"] = 14000, ["Chembox_image_sbs"] = 14000, ["Chembox_parametercheck"] = 15000, ["Chembox_setDatarow"] = 5400, ["Chembox_setHeader"] = 5400, ["Chembox_templatePar/formatPreviewMessage"] = 16000, ["Chembox_verification"] = 6900, ["Chemspidercite"] = 11000, ["Chessgames_player"] = 3800, ["Chinese"] = 3700, ["Circa"] = 464000, ["Circular_reference"] = 3900, ["Citation"] = 410000, ["Citation/make_link"] = 7700, ["Citation/styles.css"] = 52000, ["Citation_needed"] = 634000, ["Citation_needed_span"] = 3600, ["Citation_style"] = 4500, ["Cite_AV_media"] = 78000, ["Cite_AV_media_notes"] = 33000, ["Cite_Appletons'"] = 2400, ["Cite_Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography"] = 4900, ["Cite_Box_Office_Mojo"] = 2500, ["Cite_Catholic_Encyclopedia"] = 8600, ["Cite_DCB"] = 3300, ["Cite_DGRBM"] = 2200, ["Cite_DNB"] = 20000, ["Cite_EB1911"] = 26000, ["Cite_FTP"] = 2500, ["Cite_GBIF"] = 4200, ["Cite_GNIS"] = 2300, ["Cite_Gaia_DR3"] = 3100, ["Cite_Google_Maps"] = 20000, ["Cite_Hansard"] = 2700, ["Cite_IUCN"] = 70000, ["Cite_Instagram"] = 7000, ["Cite_Jewish_Encyclopedia"] = 3200, ["Cite_LCDB"] = 2000, ["Cite_Metacritic"] = 2200, ["Cite_NIE"] = 3500, ["Cite_NSW_Parliament"] = 3300, ["Cite_NSW_SHR"] = 2700, ["Cite_NatureServe"] = 2800, ["Cite_ODNB"] = 21000, ["Cite_OED"] = 2500, ["Cite_POWO"] = 5800, ["Cite_Q"] = 17000, ["Cite_QHR"] = 3100, ["Cite_QPN"] = 4100, ["Cite_Rotten_Tomatoes"] = 2800, ["Cite_Rowlett"] = 2500, ["Cite_Russian_law"] = 7800, ["Cite_Ryan"] = 3300, ["Cite_Sports-Reference"] = 55000, ["Cite_USGov"] = 13000, ["Cite_WoRMS"] = 13000, ["Cite_act"] = 3900, ["Cite_arXiv"] = 6900, ["Cite_bcgnis"] = 3700, ["Cite_book"] = 1890000, ["Cite_certification"] = 43000, ["Cite_certification/Title"] = 39000, ["Cite_certification/URL"] = 43000, ["Cite_certification/United_Kingdom_helper"] = 19000, ["Cite_certification/archivedate"] = 7600, ["Cite_certification/archiveurl"] = 7600, ["Cite_cgndb"] = 5300, ["Cite_comic"] = 2100, ["Cite_conference"] = 22000, ["Cite_court"] = 6700, ["Cite_dictionary"] = 3500, ["Cite_document"] = 2000, ["Cite_encyclopedia"] = 241000, ["Cite_episode"] = 19000, ["Cite_gnis"] = 35000, ["Cite_instagram"] = 3000, ["Cite_interview"] = 11000, ["Cite_iucn"] = 69000, ["Cite_journal"] = 1160000, ["Cite_legislation_UK"] = 3400, ["Cite_magazine"] = 376000, ["Cite_map"] = 60000, ["Cite_news"] = 1910000, ["Cite_newspaper_The_Times"] = 7200, ["Cite_patent"] = 7200, ["Cite_patent/authors"] = 6000, ["Cite_patent/core"] = 7500, ["Cite_peakbagger"] = 5300, ["Cite_podcast"] = 6100, ["Cite_press_release"] = 85000, ["Cite_report"] = 74000, ["Cite_rowlett"] = 2500, ["Cite_ship_register"] = 2000, ["Cite_simbad"] = 5600, ["Cite_sports-reference"] = 59000, ["Cite_taxon"] = 5200, ["Cite_tech_report"] = 3000, ["Cite_thesis"] = 49000, ["Cite_tweet"] = 48000, ["Cite_video"] = 13000, ["Cite_video_game"] = 3400, ["Cite_web"] = 5380000, ["Cite_web_archived"] = 5100, ["Cite_wikisource"] = 7000, ["Cite_wikisource/make_link"] = 65000, ["Citeweb"] = 3500, ["Civil_navigation"] = 2200, ["Cjersey"] = 2900, ["Cl"] = 214000, ["Clade"] = 10000, ["Clade/styles.css"] = 10000, ["Clarification_needed"] = 2500, ["Clarify"] = 45000, ["Class"] = 40000, ["Class/colour"] = 19000, ["Class/icon"] = 21000, ["Class_mask"] = 457000, ["Classicon"] = 5200, ["Clc"] = 7800, ["Cleanup"] = 8800, ["Cleanup_reorganize"] = 2300, ["Cleanup_rewrite"] = 6900, ["Clear"] = 3740000, ["Clear_left"] = 29000, ["Clear_right"] = 2800, ["Clerk_Request"] = 2500, ["Clerk_note"] = 11000, ["Clerknote"] = 8500, ["Clickable_button"] = 1880000, ["Clickable_button_2"] = 229000, ["Closed_access"] = 5500, ["Closed_peer_review_page"] = 3000, ["Closed_rfc_bottom"] = 2200, ["Closed_rfc_top"] = 2800, ["Clr"] = 3100, ["Club_players_category"] = 9400, ["Clubplayerscat"] = 9400, ["Cmbox"] = 540000, ["Cn"] = 113000, ["Cnote2"] = 2800, ["Cnote2_Begin"] = 2900, ["Cnote2_End"] = 2900, ["Coat_of_arms"] = 2500, ["Cob"] = 14000, ["Code"] = 83000, ["Cof_family"] = 4500, ["Cof_genus"] = 5200, ["Col-1-of-2"] = 2400, ["Col-2"] = 185000, ["Col-2-of-2"] = 2300, ["Col-3"] = 11000, ["Col-4"] = 3800, ["Col-begin"] = 230000, ["Col-begin/styles.css"] = 230000, ["Col-break"] = 228000, ["Col-end"] = 230000, ["Col-float"] = 4800, ["Col-float-break"] = 4700, ["Col-float-end"] = 4800, ["Col-float/styles.css"] = 4800, ["Col-start"] = 10000, ["Col_div"] = 2200, ["Colbegin"] = 24000, ["Colend"] = 27000, ["Collapse"] = 8600, ["Collapse_bottom"] = 56000, ["Collapse_top"] = 56000, ["Collapse_top/styles.css"] = 56000, ["Collapsebottom"] = 4000, ["Collapsed_infobox_section_begin"] = 4200, ["Collapsed_infobox_section_end"] = 4200, ["Collapsetop"] = 4100, ["Collapsible_list"] = 68000, ["Collapsible_option"] = 150000, ["Colledge:_Ships_RN"] = 3000, ["College"] = 12000, ["CollegePrimaryHeader"] = 8200, ["CollegePrimaryStyle"] = 111000, ["CollegeSecondaryStyle"] = 11000, ["College_Athlete_Recruit_End"] = 2800, ["College_Athlete_Recruit_Entry"] = 2900, ["College_Athlete_Recruit_Start"] = 2900, ["College_athlete_recruit_end"] = 4900, ["College_athlete_recruit_entry"] = 5100, ["College_athlete_recruit_start"] = 5100, ["College_color_list"] = 4400, ["College_sports_team_link"] = 31000, ["Colon"] = 20000, ["Color"] = 504000, ["Color/styles.css"] = 504000, ["Color_box"] = 86000, ["Colorbox"] = 2600, ["Colorbull"] = 4600, ["Colored_link"] = 101000, ["Coloredlink"] = 2800, ["Colors"] = 3600, ["Colour"] = 5500, ["Colour_box"] = 2500, ["Coloured_link"] = 12000, ["Column"] = 4300, ["Column/styles.css"] = 4300, ["Columns-end"] = 4000, ["Columns-list"] = 125000, ["Columns-start"] = 4000, ["Comic_Book_DB"] = 3500, ["Comicbookdb"] = 3400, ["Comics-replaceability"] = 2800, ["Comics_infobox_sec/formcat"] = 3400, ["Comics_infobox_sec/genre"] = 4200, ["Comics_infobox_sec/genrecat"] = 3800, ["Comics_infobox_sec/styles.css"] = 8100, ["Comma_separated_entries"] = 520000, ["Comment"] = 7400, ["Committed_identity"] = 3200, ["Committed_identity/styles.css"] = 3200, ["Commons"] = 72000, ["Commons-inline"] = 25000, ["Commons_cat"] = 45000, ["Commons_category"] = 902000, ["Commons_category-inline"] = 176000, ["Commons_category_inline"] = 5800, ["Commonscat"] = 60000, ["Commonscat-inline"] = 15000, ["Commonscat_inline"] = 2300, ["Commonscatinline"] = 7300, ["Compact_TOC"] = 7300, ["Compact_ToC"] = 3200, ["Compose_molecular_formula"] = 2300, ["Composition_bar"] = 13000, ["Confirmed"] = 19000, ["Confused"] = 3200, ["Confusing"] = 2400, ["CongBio"] = 9500, ["CongLinks"] = 4800, ["Connected_contributor"] = 21000, ["Connected_contributor_(paid)"] = 9800, ["Constellation_navbox"] = 9800, ["Container"] = 14000, ["Container_cat"] = 9100, ["Container_category"] = 84000, ["Containercat"] = 2800, ["Contains_special_characters"] = 5200, ["Contains_special_characters/core"] = 5200, ["Contains_special_characters/styles.css"] = 5200, ["Content_category"] = 7900, ["Contentious_topics/Additional_restrictions.json"] = 21000, ["Contentious_topics/Arab-Israeli_editnotice"] = 6800, ["Contentious_topics/Arab-Israeli_talk_notice"] = 6100, ["Contentious_topics/Category_database.json"] = 21000, ["Contentious_topics/Restrictions_definition.json"] = 21000, ["Contentious_topics/Standard_set.json"] = 21000, ["Contentious_topics/list"] = 29000, ["Contentious_topics/page_restriction_editnotice_base"] = 7300, ["Contentious_topics/page_restriction_talk_notice"] = 2600, ["Contentious_topics/talk_notice"] = 21000, ["Context"] = 2600, ["Continent2continental"] = 46000, ["Continent_adjective_to_noun"] = 10000, ["Continental2continent"] = 22000, ["Controversial"] = 3000, ["Convert"] = 1410000, ["Convert_abbreviated"] = 162000, ["Convinfobox"] = 291000, ["Coord"] = 1400000, ["Coord_missing"] = 71000, ["Coord_missing/CheckCat"] = 70000, ["Coords"] = 6700, ["Copied"] = 22000, ["Copy_edit"] = 2200, ["Copy_to_Wikimedia_Commons"] = 84000, ["Copy_to_Wikimedia_Commons_in"] = 4100, ["Copyvios"] = 5100, ["Cospar"] = 2800, ["Cot"] = 14000, ["Count"] = 971000, ["Country2continent"] = 88000, ["Country2continental"] = 31000, ["Country2nationality"] = 36000, ["CountryPrefixThe"] = 82000, ["Country_abbreviation"] = 96000, ["Country_alias"] = 17000, ["Country_at_games_navbox"] = 5800, ["Country_at_games_navbox/below"] = 5800, ["Country_data"] = 12000, ["Country_data_AFG"] = 2600, ["Country_data_ALB"] = 7200, ["Country_data_ALG"] = 11000, ["Country_data_AND"] = 3600, ["Country_data_ANG"] = 4400, ["Country_data_ARG"] = 53000, ["Country_data_ARM"] = 8300, ["Country_data_AUS"] = 88000, ["Country_data_AUT"] = 52000, ["Country_data_AZE"] = 11000, ["Country_data_Afghanistan"] = 22000, ["Country_data_Alabama"] = 2600, ["Country_data_Alaska"] = 2100, ["Country_data_Albania"] = 35000, ["Country_data_Alberta"] = 3100, ["Country_data_Algeria"] = 48000, ["Country_data_American_Samoa"] = 2900, ["Country_data_Andorra"] = 9200, ["Country_data_Angola"] = 21000, ["Country_data_Anguilla"] = 2400, ["Country_data_Antigua_and_Barbuda"] = 6400, ["Country_data_Apulia"] = 7900, ["Country_data_Argentina"] = 155000, ["Country_data_Arizona"] = 2500, ["Country_data_Arkansas"] = 2800, ["Country_data_Armenia"] = 48000, ["Country_data_Aruba"] = 4000, ["Country_data_Australia"] = 279000, ["Country_data_Austria"] = 149000, ["Country_data_Austria-Hungary"] = 2300, ["Country_data_Azerbaijan"] = 52000, ["Country_data_BAH"] = 4600, ["Country_data_BAN"] = 4500, ["Country_data_BAR"] = 2700, ["Country_data_BDI"] = 2000, ["Country_data_BEL"] = 60000, ["Country_data_BER"] = 2500, ["Country_data_BHR"] = 5800, ["Country_data_BIH"] = 14000, ["Country_data_BLR"] = 26000, ["Country_data_BOL"] = 6500, ["Country_data_BOT"] = 3100, ["Country_data_BRA"] = 64000, ["Country_data_BUL"] = 31000, ["Country_data_Bahamas"] = 11000, ["Country_data_Bahrain"] = 22000, ["Country_data_Bangladesh"] = 35000, ["Country_data_Barbados"] = 8700, ["Country_data_Belarus"] = 92000, ["Country_data_Belgium"] = 160000, ["Country_data_Belize"] = 5100, ["Country_data_Benin"] = 8000, ["Country_data_Bermuda"] = 6300, ["Country_data_Bhutan"] = 4900, ["Country_data_Bolivia"] = 24000, ["Country_data_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina"] = 54000, ["Country_data_Botswana"] = 10000, ["Country_data_Brazil"] = 173000, ["Country_data_British_Columbia"] = 3400, ["Country_data_British_Empire"] = 2000, ["Country_data_British_Raj"] = 2500, ["Country_data_British_Virgin_Islands"] = 3300, ["Country_data_Brunei"] = 6800, ["Country_data_Bulgaria"] = 103000, ["Country_data_Burkina_Faso"] = 11000, ["Country_data_Burma"] = 2300, ["Country_data_Burundi"] = 6800, ["Country_data_CAM"] = 2500, ["Country_data_CAN"] = 68000, ["Country_data_CGO"] = 2500, ["Country_data_CHE"] = 5900, ["Country_data_CHI"] = 19000, ["Country_data_CHL"] = 2300, ["Country_data_CHN"] = 49000, ["Country_data_CIV"] = 8500, ["Country_data_CMR"] = 8700, ["Country_data_COD"] = 3500, ["Country_data_COL"] = 28000, ["Country_data_CPV"] = 2300, ["Country_data_CRC"] = 6900, ["Country_data_CRO"] = 37000, ["Country_data_CUB"] = 13000, ["Country_data_CYP"] = 10000, ["Country_data_CZE"] = 54000, ["Country_data_California"] = 6200, ["Country_data_Cambodia"] = 9800, ["Country_data_Cameroon"] = 32000, ["Country_data_Canada"] = 267000, ["Country_data_Cape_Verde"] = 7000, ["Country_data_Castile_and_León"] = 2000, ["Country_data_Catalonia"] = 3500, ["Country_data_Cayman_Islands"] = 4500, ["Country_data_Central_African_Republic"] = 5100, ["Country_data_Chad"] = 5400, ["Country_data_Chile"] = 92000, ["Country_data_China"] = 153000, ["Country_data_Chinese_Taipei"] = 39000, ["Country_data_Colombia"] = 97000, ["Country_data_Colorado"] = 5300, ["Country_data_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States"] = 2200, ["Country_data_Comoros"] = 4700, ["Country_data_Confederate_States_of_America"] = 3100, ["Country_data_Connecticut"] = 3400, ["Country_data_Cook_Islands"] = 3800, ["Country_data_Costa_Rica"] = 34000, ["Country_data_Croatia"] = 106000, ["Country_data_Cuba"] = 47000, ["Country_data_Curaçao"] = 4300, ["Country_data_Cyprus"] = 48000, ["Country_data_Czech_Republic"] = 156000, ["Country_data_Czechoslovakia"] = 35000, ["Country_data_DEN"] = 40000, ["Country_data_DEU"] = 10000, ["Country_data_DNK"] = 4400, ["Country_data_DOM"] = 8300, ["Country_data_DRC"] = 2000, ["Country_data_Delaware"] = 2600, ["Country_data_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo"] = 23000, ["Country_data_Denmark"] = 122000, ["Country_data_Djibouti"] = 4900, ["Country_data_Dominica"] = 4200, ["Country_data_Dominican_Republic"] = 35000, ["Country_data_ECU"] = 13000, ["Country_data_EGY"] = 15000, ["Country_data_ENG"] = 52000, ["Country_data_ESA"] = 2500, ["Country_data_ESP"] = 84000, ["Country_data_EST"] = 17000, ["Country_data_ETH"] = 4500, ["Country_data_EU"] = 2600, ["Country_data_East_Germany"] = 29000, ["Country_data_Ecuador"] = 50000, ["Country_data_Egypt"] = 67000, ["Country_data_El_Salvador"] = 23000, ["Country_data_Empire_of_Japan"] = 4300, ["Country_data_England"] = 166000, ["Country_data_Equatorial_Guinea"] = 5400, ["Country_data_Eritrea"] = 5500, ["Country_data_Estonia"] = 70000, ["Country_data_Eswatini"] = 5000, ["Country_data_Ethiopia"] = 22000, ["Country_data_Europe"] = 2700, ["Country_data_European_Union"] = 8100, ["Country_data_FIJ"] = 4400, ["Country_data_FIN"] = 40000, ["Country_data_FRA"] = 114000, ["Country_data_FRG"] = 17000, ["Country_data_FRO"] = 2200, ["Country_data_FR_Yugoslavia"] = 4400, ["Country_data_Faroe_Islands"] = 5700, ["Country_data_Federated_States_of_Micronesia"] = 2700, ["Country_data_Fiji"] = 22000, ["Country_data_Finland"] = 115000, ["Country_data_Florida"] = 5800, ["Country_data_France"] = 329000, ["Country_data_French_Polynesia"] = 3800, ["Country_data_GAB"] = 2500, ["Country_data_GAM"] = 2300, ["Country_data_GBR"] = 66000, ["Country_data_GDR"] = 11000, ["Country_data_GEO"] = 16000, ["Country_data_GER"] = 95000, ["Country_data_GHA"] = 9900, ["Country_data_GIB"] = 2100, ["Country_data_GRE"] = 29000, ["Country_data_GUA"] = 5300, ["Country_data_GUI"] = 3300, ["Country_data_GUY"] = 2500, ["Country_data_Gabon"] = 8100, ["Country_data_Gambia"] = 7500, ["Country_data_Georgia"] = 8600, ["Country_data_Georgia_(U.S._state)"] = 3200, ["Country_data_Georgia_(country)"] = 55000, ["Country_data_German_Empire"] = 5700, ["Country_data_Germany"] = 296000, ["Country_data_Ghana"] = 47000, ["Country_data_Gibraltar"] = 5100, ["Country_data_Great_Britain"] = 129000, ["Country_data_Greece"] = 107000, ["Country_data_Greenland"] = 2800, ["Country_data_Grenada"] = 5600, ["Country_data_Guadeloupe"] = 2800, ["Country_data_Guam"] = 4600, ["Country_data_Guatemala"] = 22000, ["Country_data_Guinea"] = 9300, ["Country_data_Guinea-Bissau"] = 5400, ["Country_data_Guyana"] = 7700, ["Country_data_HAI"] = 3300, ["Country_data_HKG"] = 15000, ["Country_data_HON"] = 4400, ["Country_data_HUN"] = 44000, ["Country_data_Haiti"] = 9700, ["Country_data_Hawaii"] = 2200, ["Country_data_Honduras"] = 22000, ["Country_data_Hong_Kong"] = 52000, ["Country_data_Hungary"] = 116000, ["Country_data_IDN"] = 5700, ["Country_data_INA"] = 12000, ["Country_data_IND"] = 34000, ["Country_data_IRE"] = 12000, ["Country_data_IRI"] = 6700, ["Country_data_IRL"] = 24000, ["Country_data_IRN"] = 7300, ["Country_data_IRQ"] = 4700, ["Country_data_ISL"] = 9200, ["Country_data_ISR"] = 23000, ["Country_data_ITA"] = 101000, ["Country_data_Iceland"] = 48000, ["Country_data_Idaho"] = 2200, ["Country_data_Illinois"] = 4400, ["Country_data_India"] = 264000, ["Country_data_Indiana"] = 3300, ["Country_data_Indonesia"] = 73000, ["Country_data_Iowa"] = 2400, ["Country_data_Iran"] = 165000, ["Country_data_Iraq"] = 23000, ["Country_data_Ireland"] = 68000, ["Country_data_Isle_of_Man"] = 2800, ["Country_data_Israel"] = 95000, ["Country_data_Italy"] = 292000, ["Country_data_Ivory_Coast"] = 34000, ["Country_data_JAM"] = 12000, ["Country_data_JAP"] = 2200, ["Country_data_JOR"] = 4700, ["Country_data_JP"] = 8600, ["Country_data_JPN"] = 68000, ["Country_data_Jamaica"] = 46000, ["Country_data_Japan"] = 269000, ["Country_data_Jersey"] = 2500, ["Country_data_Jordan"] = 22000, ["Country_data_KAZ"] = 24000, ["Country_data_KEN"] = 10000, ["Country_data_KGZ"] = 4500, ["Country_data_KOR"] = 35000, ["Country_data_KOS"] = 3000, ["Country_data_KSA"] = 7500, ["Country_data_KUW"] = 4600, ["Country_data_Kazakhstan"] = 69000, ["Country_data_Kentucky"] = 2000, ["Country_data_Kenya"] = 35000, ["Country_data_Kingdom_of_France"] = 2200, ["Country_data_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain"] = 4600, ["Country_data_Kingdom_of_Italy"] = 4800, ["Country_data_Kiribati"] = 2600, ["Country_data_Kosovo"] = 10000, ["Country_data_Kuwait"] = 21000, ["Country_data_Kyrgyzstan"] = 11000, ["Country_data_LAO"] = 2100, ["Country_data_LAT"] = 17000, ["Country_data_LBN"] = 2900, ["Country_data_LIB"] = 2600, ["Country_data_LIE"] = 3800, ["Country_data_LIT"] = 3700, ["Country_data_LTU"] = 14000, ["Country_data_LUX"] = 12000, ["Country_data_LVA"] = 3000, ["Country_data_Laos"] = 7900, ["Country_data_Latvia"] = 56000, ["Country_data_Lebanon"] = 24000, ["Country_data_Lesotho"] = 5400, ["Country_data_Liberia"] = 7800, ["Country_data_Libya"] = 9100, ["Country_data_Liechtenstein"] = 8800, ["Country_data_Lithuania"] = 55000, ["Country_data_Louisiana"] = 2300, ["Country_data_Luxembourg"] = 50000, ["Country_data_MAC"] = 2900, ["Country_data_MAD"] = 2400, ["Country_data_MAR"] = 15000, ["Country_data_MAS"] = 13000, ["Country_data_MDA"] = 8800, ["Country_data_MEX"] = 35000, ["Country_data_MGL"] = 3500, ["Country_data_MKD"] = 8400, ["Country_data_MLI"] = 4600, ["Country_data_MLT"] = 6400, ["Country_data_MNE"] = 8500, ["Country_data_MON"] = 4700, ["Country_data_MOZ"] = 2600, ["Country_data_MRI"] = 2200, ["Country_data_MYA"] = 3400, ["Country_data_MYS"] = 4100, ["Country_data_Macau"] = 6800, ["Country_data_Macedonia"] = 4700, ["Country_data_Madagascar"] = 9600, ["Country_data_Malawi"] = 6100, ["Country_data_Malaysia"] = 73000, ["Country_data_Maldives"] = 6700, ["Country_data_Mali"] = 22000, ["Country_data_Malta"] = 33000, ["Country_data_Manitoba"] = 2800, ["Country_data_Marshall_Islands"] = 3300, ["Country_data_Martinique"] = 2900, ["Country_data_Maryland"] = 3300, ["Country_data_Massachusetts"] = 2600, ["Country_data_Mauritania"] = 5900, ["Country_data_Mauritius"] = 8400, ["Country_data_Mexico"] = 116000, ["Country_data_Michigan"] = 3800, ["Country_data_Minas_Gerais"] = 2000, ["Country_data_Minnesota"] = 3700, ["Country_data_Missouri"] = 2500, ["Country_data_Moldova"] = 35000, ["Country_data_Monaco"] = 12000, ["Country_data_Mongolia"] = 11000, ["Country_data_Montana"] = 2400, ["Country_data_Montenegro"] = 34000, ["Country_data_Montserrat"] = 2400, ["Country_data_Morocco"] = 52000, ["Country_data_Mozambique"] = 7900, ["Country_data_Myanmar"] = 24000, ["Country_data_NAM"] = 4000, ["Country_data_NED"] = 72000, ["Country_data_NEP"] = 3300, ["Country_data_NGA"] = 8600, ["Country_data_NGR"] = 9200, ["Country_data_NIR"] = 11000, ["Country_data_NLD"] = 7400, ["Country_data_NOR"] = 35000, ["Country_data_NZ"] = 3700, ["Country_data_NZL"] = 38000, ["Country_data_Namibia"] = 11000, ["Country_data_Nauru"] = 2500, ["Country_data_Nazi_Germany"] = 10000, ["Country_data_Nepal"] = 33000, ["Country_data_Netherlands"] = 266000, ["Country_data_Netherlands_Antilles"] = 2400, ["Country_data_Nevada"] = 2100, ["Country_data_New_Brunswick"] = 2600, ["Country_data_New_Caledonia"] = 3300, ["Country_data_New_Jersey"] = 4200, ["Country_data_New_South_Wales"] = 6400, ["Country_data_New_York"] = 4200, ["Country_data_New_York_(state)"] = 6800, ["Country_data_New_Zealand"] = 121000, ["Country_data_Newfoundland_and_Labrador"] = 2700, ["Country_data_Nicaragua"] = 8900, ["Country_data_Niger"] = 6200, ["Country_data_Nigeria"] = 67000, ["Country_data_North_Carolina"] = 3500, ["Country_data_North_Korea"] = 24000, ["Country_data_North_Macedonia"] = 34000, ["Country_data_Northern_Ireland"] = 28000, ["Country_data_Northern_Mariana_Islands"] = 2800, ["Country_data_Norway"] = 119000, ["Country_data_Nova_Scotia"] = 2500, ["Country_data_OMA"] = 3200, ["Country_data_Ohio"] = 5700, ["Country_data_Oklahoma"] = 2400, ["Country_data_Oman"] = 10000, ["Country_data_Ontario"] = 3700, ["Country_data_Ottoman_Empire"] = 3100, ["Country_data_PAK"] = 9000, ["Country_data_PAN"] = 5900, ["Country_data_PAR"] = 11000, ["Country_data_PER"] = 14000, ["Country_data_PHI"] = 13000, ["Country_data_PLE"] = 2000, ["Country_data_PNG"] = 3200, ["Country_data_POL"] = 60000, ["Country_data_POR"] = 37000, ["Country_data_PRK"] = 5000, ["Country_data_PRT"] = 3600, ["Country_data_PUR"] = 7900, ["Country_data_Pakistan"] = 52000, ["Country_data_Palau"] = 2600, ["Country_data_Palestine"] = 7600, ["Country_data_Panama"] = 31000, ["Country_data_Papua_New_Guinea"] = 8400, ["Country_data_Paraguay"] = 46000, ["Country_data_Pennsylvania"] = 3500, ["Country_data_Peru"] = 66000, ["Country_data_Philippines"] = 69000, ["Country_data_Poland"] = 247000, ["Country_data_Portugal"] = 118000, ["Country_data_Prussia"] = 2800, ["Country_data_Puerto_Rico"] = 35000, ["Country_data_QAT"] = 9400, ["Country_data_Qatar"] = 33000, ["Country_data_Quebec"] = 4100, ["Country_data_Queensland"] = 2300, ["Country_data_ROM"] = 15000, ["Country_data_ROU"] = 31000, ["Country_data_RSA"] = 36000, ["Country_data_RUS"] = 68000, ["Country_data_RWA"] = 2400, ["Country_data_Republic_of_China"] = 4600, ["Country_data_Republic_of_Ireland"] = 56000, ["Country_data_Republic_of_the_Congo"] = 8200, ["Country_data_Romania"] = 115000, ["Country_data_Russia"] = 260000, ["Country_data_Russian_Empire"] = 5600, ["Country_data_Rwanda"] = 8400, ["Country_data_SAM"] = 3700, ["Country_data_SCG"] = 3000, ["Country_data_SCO"] = 29000, ["Country_data_SEN"] = 8400, ["Country_data_SER"] = 3700, ["Country_data_SGP"] = 4400, ["Country_data_SIN"] = 7400, ["Country_data_SLE"] = 2000, ["Country_data_SLO"] = 22000, ["Country_data_SLV"] = 3200, ["Country_data_SMR"] = 3500, ["Country_data_SPA"] = 5400, ["Country_data_SRB"] = 30000, ["Country_data_SRI"] = 5200, ["Country_data_SUI"] = 50000, ["Country_data_SUR"] = 2300, ["Country_data_SVK"] = 32000, ["Country_data_SVN"] = 7300, ["Country_data_SWE"] = 65000, ["Country_data_SWI"] = 5000, ["Country_data_SYR"] = 3900, ["Country_data_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis"] = 4900, ["Country_data_Saint_Lucia"] = 5200, ["Country_data_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines"] = 5000, ["Country_data_Samoa"] = 8000, ["Country_data_San_Marino"] = 9600, ["Country_data_Saskatchewan"] = 3700, ["Country_data_Saudi_Arabia"] = 38000, ["Country_data_Scotland"] = 103000, ["Country_data_Senegal"] = 32000, ["Country_data_Serbia"] = 106000, ["Country_data_Serbia_and_Montenegro"] = 5400, ["Country_data_Seychelles"] = 5700, ["Country_data_Sierra_Leone"] = 7500, ["Country_data_Singapore"] = 51000, ["Country_data_Slovakia"] = 97000, ["Country_data_Slovenia"] = 93000, ["Country_data_Solomon_Islands"] = 4600, ["Country_data_Somalia"] = 6300, ["Country_data_South_Africa"] = 123000, ["Country_data_South_Australia"] = 2300, ["Country_data_South_Carolina"] = 3100, ["Country_data_South_Korea"] = 118000, ["Country_data_South_Sudan"] = 4700, ["Country_data_Soviet_Union"] = 78000, ["Country_data_Spain"] = 281000, ["Country_data_Sri_Lanka"] = 36000, ["Country_data_Sudan"] = 8600, ["Country_data_Suriname"] = 6700, ["Country_data_Sweden"] = 170000, ["Country_data_Switzerland"] = 154000, ["Country_data_Syria"] = 22000, ["Country_data_São_Tomé_and_Príncipe"] = 3300, ["Country_data_TAN"] = 3400, ["Country_data_TCH"] = 12000, ["Country_data_THA"] = 25000, ["Country_data_TJK"] = 2900, ["Country_data_TKM"] = 3100, ["Country_data_TOG"] = 2100, ["Country_data_TON"] = 2000, ["Country_data_TPE"] = 18000, ["Country_data_TRI"] = 5100, ["Country_data_TTO"] = 2100, ["Country_data_TUN"] = 12000, ["Country_data_TUR"] = 33000, ["Country_data_TWN"] = 2200, ["Country_data_Taiwan"] = 28000, ["Country_data_Tajikistan"] = 9700, ["Country_data_Tanzania"] = 23000, ["Country_data_Tennessee"] = 2200, ["Country_data_Texas"] = 5700, ["Country_data_Thailand"] = 98000, ["Country_data_Timor-Leste"] = 5000, ["Country_data_Togo"] = 7500, ["Country_data_Tonga"] = 6600, ["Country_data_Trinidad_and_Tobago"] = 24000, ["Country_data_Tunisia"] = 47000, ["Country_data_Turkey"] = 144000, ["Country_data_Turkmenistan"] = 8300, ["Country_data_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands"] = 2800, ["Country_data_Tuvalu"] = 2600, ["Country_data_U.S."] = 2000, ["Country_data_U.S._Virgin_Islands"] = 4900, ["Country_data_UAE"] = 11000, ["Country_data_UGA"] = 5200, ["Country_data_UK"] = 18000, ["Country_data_UKGBI"] = 3400, ["Country_data_UKR"] = 44000, ["Country_data_URS"] = 19000, ["Country_data_URU"] = 16000, ["Country_data_US"] = 5600, ["Country_data_USA"] = 150000, ["Country_data_USSR"] = 5300, ["Country_data_UZB"] = 13000, ["Country_data_Uganda"] = 23000, ["Country_data_Ukraine"] = 120000, ["Country_data_United_Arab_Emirates"] = 39000, ["Country_data_United_Kingdom"] = 163000, ["Country_data_United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland"] = 4800, ["Country_data_United_Nations"] = 4400, ["Country_data_United_States"] = 440000, ["Country_data_United_States_of_America"] = 4500, ["Country_data_Uruguay"] = 53000, ["Country_data_Uzbekistan"] = 37000, ["Country_data_VEN"] = 18000, ["Country_data_VIE"] = 7200, ["Country_data_Vanuatu"] = 5000, ["Country_data_Vatican_City"] = 2900, ["Country_data_Venezuela"] = 67000, ["Country_data_Victoria"] = 2400, ["Country_data_Vietnam"] = 48000, ["Country_data_Virginia"] = 3000, ["Country_data_WAL"] = 19000, ["Country_data_Wales"] = 69000, ["Country_data_Washington"] = 2600, ["Country_data_Washington,_D.C."] = 2200, ["Country_data_Washington_(state)"] = 3300, ["Country_data_West_Germany"] = 54000, ["Country_data_West_Indies"] = 2900, ["Country_data_Wisconsin"] = 5500, ["Country_data_Wyoming"] = 2100, ["Country_data_YUG"] = 11000, ["Country_data_Yemen"] = 7900, ["Country_data_Yugoslavia"] = 34000, ["Country_data_ZAF"] = 5400, ["Country_data_ZAM"] = 3800, ["Country_data_ZIM"] = 9200, ["Country_data_Zambia"] = 11000, ["Country_data_Zimbabwe"] = 33000, ["Country_data_none"] = 2100, ["Country_flagbio"] = 39000, ["Country_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest"] = 2800, ["Country_name"] = 57000, ["Country_prefix_the"] = 176000, ["Country_showdata"] = 7000, ["Country_topics"] = 25000, ["County"] = 7000, ["County_(judet)_of_Romania"] = 3300, ["Course_assignment"] = 4200, ["Course_details"] = 8300, ["Course_instructor"] = 3100, ["Cquote"] = 37000, ["Cr"] = 5100, ["Cr-rt"] = 2400, ["Create_taxonomy/link"] = 150000, ["Creative_Commons_text_attribution_notice"] = 6200, ["Cref2"] = 2800, ["Cricinfo"] = 24000, ["Cricket_squad2_coach"] = 2300, ["Cricket_squad2_player"] = 3100, ["Cricketarchive"] = 3000, ["Croatian_Census_2021"] = 4200, ["Cross"] = 4000, ["Crossreference"] = 2800, ["Crossreference/styles.css"] = 2800, ["Cs1_config"] = 13000, ["Cslist"] = 3700, ["Cslist/styles.css"] = 3700, ["Csv"] = 59000, ["Currency"] = 5300, ["Current_events"] = 9300, ["Current_events/styles.css"] = 9300, ["Currentdate"] = 24000, ["Cvt"] = 162000, ["Cycling_Archives"] = 4300, ["Cycling_data_DAT"] = 2000, ["Cycling_data_LTD"] = 2400, ["Cycling_data_MOV_men"] = 2300, ["Cycling_data_SOQ"] = 2200, ["Cycling_data_TVL"] = 2400, ["Cycling_data_UEX"] = 2300, ["Cycling_team_link"] = 14000, ["Module:CFB_schedule"] = 29000, ["Module:CS1_identifiers"] = 506000, ["Module:CallAssert"] = 122000, ["Module:Canada_NTS"] = 2100, ["Module:Canada_NTS/data"] = 2100, ["Module:Canada_by_province_category_navigation"] = 9900, ["Module:Catalog_lookup_link"] = 60000, ["Module:Category_described_in_year"] = 6400, ["Module:Category_described_in_year/config"] = 6400, ["Module:Category_disambiguation"] = 2700, ["Module:Category_handler"] = 4980000, ["Module:Category_handler/blacklist"] = 4980000, ["Module:Category_handler/config"] = 4980000, ["Module:Category_handler/data"] = 4980000, ["Module:Category_handler/shared"] = 4980000, ["Module:Category_main_article"] = 220000, ["Module:Category_more_if_exists"] = 49000, ["Module:Category_pair"] = 7000, ["Module:Category_see_also"] = 55000, ["Module:Category_series_navigation"] = 593000, ["Module:Category_series_navigation/styles.css"] = 593000, ["Module:Celestial_object_quadrangle"] = 2100, ["Module:Chart"] = 2900, ["Module:Chart/Default_colors"] = 2900, ["Module:Check_DYK_hook"] = 125000, ["Module:Check_blp_parameter"] = 2900000, ["Module:Check_for_conflicting_parameters"] = 4750000, ["Module:Check_for_deprecated_parameters"] = 321000, ["Module:Check_for_unknown_parameters"] = 23300000, ["Module:Check_height"] = 152000, ["Module:Check_isxn"] = 16000, ["Module:Check_winner_by_scores"] = 16000, ["Module:Checkuser"] = 89000, ["Module:Chem2"] = 11000, ["Module:Chem2/styles.css"] = 11000, ["Module:Citation/CS1"] = 6510000, ["Module:Citation/CS1/COinS"] = 6510000, ["Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration"] = 6630000, ["Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation"] = 6510000, ["Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers"] = 6630000, ["Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions"] = 27000, ["Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities"] = 6630000, ["Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist"] = 6510000, ["Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"] = 6630000, ["Module:Citation_mode"] = 49000, ["Module:Cite"] = 52000, ["Module:Cite/config"] = 69000, ["Module:Cite_IUCN"] = 70000, ["Module:Cite_Q"] = 17000, ["Module:Cite_Q/config"] = 17000, ["Module:Cite_taxon"] = 54000, ["Module:Cite_tweet"] = 48000, ["Module:Clade"] = 10000, ["Module:Class"] = 62000, ["Module:Class/definition.json"] = 62000, ["Module:Class/styles.css"] = 40000, ["Module:Class_mask"] = 457000, ["Module:Clickable_button"] = 1890000, ["Module:Collapsible_list"] = 70000, ["Module:College_color"] = 137000, ["Module:College_color/data"] = 137000, ["Module:Color_contrast"] = 569000, ["Module:Color_contrast/colors"] = 572000, ["Module:Commons_link"] = 306000, ["Module:Compact_list"] = 2000, ["Module:Complex_date"] = 47000, ["Module:Conservation_status"] = 88000, ["Module:Contentious_topics/talk_notice"] = 21000, ["Module:Convert"] = 1500000, ["Module:Convert/data"] = 1500000, ["Module:Convert/helper"] = 13000, ["Module:Convert/text"] = 1500000, ["Module:Convert/wikidata"] = 2700, ["Module:Convert/wikidata/data"] = 2700, ["Module:ConvertIB"] = 782000, ["Module:ConvertIB/data"] = 258000, ["Module:ConvertNumeric"] = 28000, ["Module:Convert_character_width"] = 2800, ["Module:Convert_character_width/data"] = 2800, ["Module:Coordinates"] = 1410000, ["Module:Coordinates/styles.css"] = 1400000, ["Module:Copied"] = 43000, ["Module:Country2nationality"] = 98000, ["Module:CountryAdjectiveDemonym"] = 113000, ["Module:CountryAdjectiveDemonym/Adjectives"] = 113000, ["Module:CountryAdjectiveDemonym/Demonyms"] = 113000, ["Module:CountryAdjectiveDemonym/The"] = 113000, ["Module:CountryData"] = 473000, ["Module:CountryData/cacheA"] = 172000, ["Module:CountryData/cacheB"] = 87000, ["Module:CountryData/cacheC"] = 62000, ["Module:CountryData/cacheD"] = 59000, ["Module:CountryData/cacheE"] = 40000, ["Module:CountryData/cacheF"] = 28000, ["Module:CountryData/cacheG"] = 29000, ["Module:CountryData/cacheH"] = 19000, ["Module:CountryData/cacheI"] = 18000, ["Module:CountryData/cacheJ"] = 11000, ["Module:CountryData/cacheK"] = 12000, ["Module:CountryData/summary"] = 473000, ["Module:Country_adjective"] = 4600, ["Module:Country_alias"] = 61000, ["Module:Country_alias/data"] = 62000, ["Module:Cslist"] = 3700, ["Module:Currency"] = 5400, ["Module:Currency/Presentation"] = 5400, } 7ifeflgh5nnjxmu2cr6jj6ax0ltsr0x 0 80810 625017 2026-07-02T10:04:38Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 Ṣ'èdá ojúewé pẹ̀lú "{{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kerzers | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Bahnhof Kerzers.JPG | image_caption = Kerzers train station | imagepath_flag = CHE Kerzers Flag.svg | imagepath_coa = CHE Kerzers COA.svg |pixel_coa= | canton = Fribourg | iso-code-region = CH-FR | district = [[See (district of Fribourg)|See]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|59|N|7|12|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3210 | mu..." 625017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kerzers | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Bahnhof Kerzers.JPG | image_caption = Kerzers train station | imagepath_flag = CHE Kerzers Flag.svg | imagepath_coa = CHE Kerzers COA.svg |pixel_coa= | canton = Fribourg | iso-code-region = CH-FR | district = [[See (district of Fribourg)|See]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|59|N|7|12|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3210 | municipality_code = 2265 | area = 12.23 | elevation = 450|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-FR|2265}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-FR}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-FR}} | website = www.kerzers.ch | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident |list_of_mayors = | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 7 | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Fräschels]], [[Golaten]] (BE), [[Gurbrü]] (BE), [[Kallnach]] (BE), [[Münchenwiler]] (BE), [[Niederried bei Kallnach]] (BE), [[Ried bei Kerzers]], [[Treiten]] (BE), [[Wileroltigen]] (BE) | twintowns = |}} '''Kerzers''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[See (district of Fribourg)|See]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Fribourg (canton)|Fribourg]] in [[Switzerland]]. Its [[French language|French]] name is '''Chiètres''' ({{IPA|fr|ʃjɛtʁ|pron}}; {{langx|frp|Chiétres}} {{IPA|frp|ˈcɛtʁə||Frp-greverin-Tyétre.ogg}}). d5348cddem21kc3yct0ujf5cjoswds6 625018 625017 2026-07-02T10:05:47Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kerzers | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Bahnhof Kerzers.JPG | image_caption = Kerzers train station | imagepath_flag = CHE Kerzers Flag.svg | imagepath_coa = CHE Kerzers COA.svg |pixel_coa= | canton = Fribourg | iso-code-region = CH-FR | district = [[See (district of Fribourg)|See]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|59|N|7|12|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3210 | municipality_code = 2265 | area = 12.23 | elevation = 450|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-FR|2265}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-FR}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-FR}} | website = www.kerzers.ch | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident |list_of_mayors = | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 7 | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Fräschels]], [[Golaten]] (BE), [[Gurbrü]] (BE), [[Kallnach]] (BE), [[Münchenwiler]] (BE), [[Niederried bei Kallnach]] (BE), [[Ried bei Kerzers]], [[Treiten]] (BE), [[Wileroltigen]] (BE) | twintowns = |}} Kerzers jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè See, ní canton Fribourg, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Orúkọ rẹ̀ ní èdè Faranse ni Chiètres.({{IPA|fr|ʃjɛtʁ|pron}}; {{langx|frp|Chiétres}} {{IPA|frp|ˈcɛtʁə||Frp-greverin-Tyétre.ogg}}). dkptiyov4w95lda8z160b6is6kjojav 625019 625018 2026-07-02T10:06:28Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kerzers | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Bahnhof Kerzers.JPG | image_caption = Kerzers train station | imagepath_flag = CHE Kerzers Flag.svg | imagepath_coa = CHE Kerzers COA.svg |pixel_coa= | canton = Fribourg | iso-code-region = CH-FR | district = [[See (district of Fribourg)|See]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|59|N|7|12|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3210 | municipality_code = 2265 | area = 12.23 | elevation = 450|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-FR|2265}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-FR}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-FR}} | website = www.kerzers.ch | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident |list_of_mayors = | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 7 | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Fräschels]], [[Golaten]] (BE), [[Gurbrü]] (BE), [[Kallnach]] (BE), [[Münchenwiler]] (BE), [[Niederried bei Kallnach]] (BE), [[Ried bei Kerzers]], [[Treiten]] (BE), [[Wileroltigen]] (BE) | twintowns = |}} Kerzers jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè See, ní canton Fribourg, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Orúkọ rẹ̀ ní èdè Faranse ni Chiètres.({{IPA|fr|ʃjɛtʁ|pron}}; {{langx|frp|Chiétres}} {{IPA|frp|ˈcɛtʁə||Frp-greverin-Tyétre.ogg}}). ==itokasi== hgl8lxey4og90gim8khn0bko98w6chj 625020 625019 2026-07-02T10:07:26Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kerzers | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Bahnhof Kerzers.JPG | image_caption = Kerzers train station | imagepath_flag = CHE Kerzers Flag.svg | imagepath_coa = CHE Kerzers COA.svg |pixel_coa= | canton = Fribourg | iso-code-region = CH-FR | district = [[See (district of Fribourg)|See]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|59|N|7|12|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3210 | municipality_code = 2265 | area = 12.23 | elevation = 450|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-FR|2265}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-FR}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-FR}} | website = www.kerzers.ch | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident |list_of_mayors = | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 7 | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Fräschels]], [[Golaten]] (BE), [[Gurbrü]] (BE), [[Kallnach]] (BE), [[Münchenwiler]] (BE), [[Niederried bei Kallnach]] (BE), [[Ried bei Kerzers]], [[Treiten]] (BE), [[Wileroltigen]] (BE) | twintowns = |}} Kerzers jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè See, ní canton Fribourg, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Orúkọ rẹ̀ ní èdè Faranse ni Chiètres.({{IPA|fr|ʃjɛtʁ|pron}}; {{langx|frp|Chiétres}} {{IPA|frp|ˈcɛtʁə||Frp-greverin-Tyétre.ogg}}). ==Politics== In the [[2011 Swiss federal election|2011 federal election]] the most popular party was the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] which received 26.0% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SPS]] (19.5%), the [[FDP.The Liberals|FDP]] (14.4%) and the [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|CVP]] (12.9%).<ref name=2011_Election>[http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm Canton of Fribourg National Council Election of 23 October 2011 Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405010021/http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm |date=5 April 2012 }} {{in lang|de|fr}} accessed 3 November 2011</ref> The SVP received about the same percentage of the vote as they did in the [[2007 Swiss federal election|2007 Federal election]] (29.3% in 2007 vs 26.0% in 2011). The SPS moved from third in 2007 (with 16.4%) to second in 2011, the FDP moved from second in 2007 (with 18.5%) to third and the CVP retained about the same popularity (15.4% in 2007). A total of 1,328 votes were cast in this election, of which 16 or 1.2% were invalid.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, ''Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514211354/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html |date=2015-05-14 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 May 2010</ref> ==itokasi== h0cyn22n3gb14rbih8kcmbqgtjzhst7 625021 625020 2026-07-02T10:08:41Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kerzers | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Bahnhof Kerzers.JPG | image_caption = Kerzers train station | imagepath_flag = CHE Kerzers Flag.svg | imagepath_coa = CHE Kerzers COA.svg |pixel_coa= | canton = Fribourg | iso-code-region = CH-FR | district = [[See (district of Fribourg)|See]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|59|N|7|12|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3210 | municipality_code = 2265 | area = 12.23 | elevation = 450|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-FR|2265}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-FR}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-FR}} | website = www.kerzers.ch | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident |list_of_mayors = | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 7 | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Fräschels]], [[Golaten]] (BE), [[Gurbrü]] (BE), [[Kallnach]] (BE), [[Münchenwiler]] (BE), [[Niederried bei Kallnach]] (BE), [[Ried bei Kerzers]], [[Treiten]] (BE), [[Wileroltigen]] (BE) | twintowns = |}} Kerzers jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè See, ní canton Fribourg, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Orúkọ rẹ̀ ní èdè Faranse ni Chiètres.({{IPA|fr|ʃjɛtʁ|pron}}; {{langx|frp|Chiétres}} {{IPA|frp|ˈcɛtʁə||Frp-greverin-Tyétre.ogg}}). ==òṣèlú == Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2011, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP, tí ó gba 26.0% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: SPS pẹ̀lú 19.5%, FDP pẹ̀lú 14.4%, àti CVP pẹ̀lú 12.9%.<ref name=2011_Election>[http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm Canton of Fribourg National Council Election of 23 October 2011 Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405010021/http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm |date=5 April 2012 }} {{in lang|de|fr}} accessed 3 November 2011</ref> The SVP received about the same percentage of the vote as they did in the [[2007 Swiss federal election|2007 Federal election]] (29.3% in 2007 vs 26.0% in 2011). The SPS moved from third in 2007 (with 16.4%) to second in 2011, the FDP moved from second in 2007 (with 18.5%) to third and the CVP retained about the same popularity (15.4% in 2007). A total of 1,328 votes were cast in this election, of which 16 or 1.2% were invalid.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, ''Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514211354/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html |date=2015-05-14 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 May 2010</ref> ==itokasi== 39hffgd1xkagn33l7la0nt6jdcnft1v 625022 625021 2026-07-02T10:09:10Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kerzers | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Bahnhof Kerzers.JPG | image_caption = Kerzers train station | imagepath_flag = CHE Kerzers Flag.svg | imagepath_coa = CHE Kerzers COA.svg |pixel_coa= | canton = Fribourg | iso-code-region = CH-FR | district = [[See (district of Fribourg)|See]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|59|N|7|12|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3210 | municipality_code = 2265 | area = 12.23 | elevation = 450|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-FR|2265}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-FR}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-FR}} | website = www.kerzers.ch | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident |list_of_mayors = | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 7 | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Fräschels]], [[Golaten]] (BE), [[Gurbrü]] (BE), [[Kallnach]] (BE), [[Münchenwiler]] (BE), [[Niederried bei Kallnach]] (BE), [[Ried bei Kerzers]], [[Treiten]] (BE), [[Wileroltigen]] (BE) | twintowns = |}} Kerzers jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè See, ní canton Fribourg, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Orúkọ rẹ̀ ní èdè Faranse ni Chiètres.({{IPA|fr|ʃjɛtʁ|pron}}; {{langx|frp|Chiétres}} {{IPA|frp|ˈcɛtʁə||Frp-greverin-Tyétre.ogg}}). ==òṣèlú == Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2011, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP, tí ó gba 26.0% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: SPS pẹ̀lú 19.5%, FDP pẹ̀lú 14.4%, àti CVP pẹ̀lú 12.9%.<ref name=2011_Election>[http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm Canton of Fribourg National Council Election of 23 October 2011 Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405010021/http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm |date=5 April 2012 }} {{in lang|de|fr}} accessed 3 November 2011</ref> SVP gba fẹrẹ́ bákan náà bí wọ́n ṣe gba ní ìdìbò 2007 (29.3% ní 2007, 26.0% ní 2011). SPS gòkè láti ipò kẹta ní 2007 (16.4%) sí ipò kejì ní 2011, FDP sì rọ̀ láti ipò kejì ní 2007 (18.5%) sí ipò kẹta, nígbà tí CVP dúró fẹrẹ́ bákan náà (15.4% ní 2007). Apapọ ìbò ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọ̀gọ́rùn-ún méjìlélọ́gbọ̀n (1,328) ni a dì nínú ìdìbò yìí, nínú wọn mẹ́rìndínlógún (16) (1.2%) ni kò wulo.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, ''Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514211354/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html |date=2015-05-14 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 May 2010</ref> ==itokasi== qcp8vzt6s2thzq2iyq6mvhht478va6g 625023 625022 2026-07-02T10:09:45Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kerzers | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Bahnhof Kerzers.JPG | image_caption = Kerzers train station | imagepath_flag = CHE Kerzers Flag.svg | imagepath_coa = CHE Kerzers COA.svg |pixel_coa= | canton = Fribourg | iso-code-region = CH-FR | district = [[See (district of Fribourg)|See]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|59|N|7|12|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3210 | municipality_code = 2265 | area = 12.23 | elevation = 450|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-FR|2265}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-FR}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-FR}} | website = www.kerzers.ch | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident |list_of_mayors = | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 7 | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Fräschels]], [[Golaten]] (BE), [[Gurbrü]] (BE), [[Kallnach]] (BE), [[Münchenwiler]] (BE), [[Niederried bei Kallnach]] (BE), [[Ried bei Kerzers]], [[Treiten]] (BE), [[Wileroltigen]] (BE) | twintowns = |}} Kerzers jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè See, ní canton Fribourg, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Orúkọ rẹ̀ ní èdè Faranse ni Chiètres.({{IPA|fr|ʃjɛtʁ|pron}}; {{langx|frp|Chiétres}} {{IPA|frp|ˈcɛtʁə||Frp-greverin-Tyétre.ogg}}). ==òṣèlú == Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2011, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP, tí ó gba 26.0% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: SPS pẹ̀lú 19.5%, FDP pẹ̀lú 14.4%, àti CVP pẹ̀lú 12.9%.<ref name=2011_Election>[http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm Canton of Fribourg National Council Election of 23 October 2011 Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405010021/http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm |date=5 April 2012 }} {{in lang|de|fr}} accessed 3 November 2011</ref> SVP gba fẹrẹ́ bákan náà bí wọ́n ṣe gba ní ìdìbò 2007 (29.3% ní 2007, 26.0% ní 2011). SPS gòkè láti ipò kẹta ní 2007 (16.4%) sí ipò kejì ní 2011, FDP sì rọ̀ láti ipò kejì ní 2007 (18.5%) sí ipò kẹta, nígbà tí CVP dúró fẹrẹ́ bákan náà (15.4% ní 2007). Apapọ ìbò ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọ̀gọ́rùn-ún méjìlélọ́gbọ̀n (1,328) ni a dì nínú ìdìbò yìí, nínú wọn mẹ́rìndínlógún (16) (1.2%) ni kò wulo.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, ''Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514211354/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html |date=2015-05-14 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 May 2010</ref> ==Heritage sites of national significance== [[File:Kerzers Stellwerk.jpg|thumb|Stellwerk (signal house at the train station) in Kerzers]] The Stellwerk (signal house at the train station) is listed as a Swiss [[Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance|heritage site of national significance]]. The entire urbanized village of Kerzers is part of the [[Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |title=Kantonsliste A-Objekte |year=2009 |work=KGS Inventar |publisher=Federal Office of Civil Protection |language=German |accessdate=25 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628110559/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |archive-date=28 June 2010 }}</ref> ==itokasi== avwkpahmvogrtqhwi0v4mv19fyjpnf4 625024 625023 2026-07-02T10:10:33Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kerzers | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Bahnhof Kerzers.JPG | image_caption = Kerzers train station | imagepath_flag = CHE Kerzers Flag.svg | imagepath_coa = CHE Kerzers COA.svg |pixel_coa= | canton = Fribourg | iso-code-region = CH-FR | district = [[See (district of Fribourg)|See]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|59|N|7|12|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3210 | municipality_code = 2265 | area = 12.23 | elevation = 450|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-FR|2265}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-FR}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-FR}} | website = www.kerzers.ch | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident |list_of_mayors = | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 7 | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Fräschels]], [[Golaten]] (BE), [[Gurbrü]] (BE), [[Kallnach]] (BE), [[Münchenwiler]] (BE), [[Niederried bei Kallnach]] (BE), [[Ried bei Kerzers]], [[Treiten]] (BE), [[Wileroltigen]] (BE) | twintowns = |}} Kerzers jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè See, ní canton Fribourg, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Orúkọ rẹ̀ ní èdè Faranse ni Chiètres.({{IPA|fr|ʃjɛtʁ|pron}}; {{langx|frp|Chiétres}} {{IPA|frp|ˈcɛtʁə||Frp-greverin-Tyétre.ogg}}). ==òṣèlú == Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2011, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP, tí ó gba 26.0% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: SPS pẹ̀lú 19.5%, FDP pẹ̀lú 14.4%, àti CVP pẹ̀lú 12.9%.<ref name=2011_Election>[http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm Canton of Fribourg National Council Election of 23 October 2011 Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405010021/http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm |date=5 April 2012 }} {{in lang|de|fr}} accessed 3 November 2011</ref> SVP gba fẹrẹ́ bákan náà bí wọ́n ṣe gba ní ìdìbò 2007 (29.3% ní 2007, 26.0% ní 2011). SPS gòkè láti ipò kẹta ní 2007 (16.4%) sí ipò kejì ní 2011, FDP sì rọ̀ láti ipò kejì ní 2007 (18.5%) sí ipò kẹta, nígbà tí CVP dúró fẹrẹ́ bákan náà (15.4% ní 2007). Apapọ ìbò ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọ̀gọ́rùn-ún méjìlélọ́gbọ̀n (1,328) ni a dì nínú ìdìbò yìí, nínú wọn mẹ́rìndínlógún (16) (1.2%) ni kò wulo.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, ''Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514211354/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html |date=2015-05-14 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 May 2010</ref> ==Àwọn ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè tó ṣe pàtàkì (Heritage sites of national significance)== [[File:Kerzers Stellwerk.jpg|thumb|Stellwerk (signal house at the train station) in Kerzers]] The Stellwerk (signal house at the train station) is listed as a Swiss [[Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance|heritage site of national significance]]. The entire urbanized village of Kerzers is part of the [[Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |title=Kantonsliste A-Objekte |year=2009 |work=KGS Inventar |publisher=Federal Office of Civil Protection |language=German |accessdate=25 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628110559/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |archive-date=28 June 2010 }}</ref> ==itokasi== 8vwmbni4ko7o99id89in9gopog6803p 625025 625024 2026-07-02T10:11:17Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kerzers | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Bahnhof Kerzers.JPG | image_caption = Kerzers train station | imagepath_flag = CHE Kerzers Flag.svg | imagepath_coa = CHE Kerzers COA.svg |pixel_coa= | canton = Fribourg | iso-code-region = CH-FR | district = [[See (district of Fribourg)|See]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|59|N|7|12|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3210 | municipality_code = 2265 | area = 12.23 | elevation = 450|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-FR|2265}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-FR}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-FR}} | website = www.kerzers.ch | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident |list_of_mayors = | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 7 | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Fräschels]], [[Golaten]] (BE), [[Gurbrü]] (BE), [[Kallnach]] (BE), [[Münchenwiler]] (BE), [[Niederried bei Kallnach]] (BE), [[Ried bei Kerzers]], [[Treiten]] (BE), [[Wileroltigen]] (BE) | twintowns = |}} Kerzers jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè See, ní canton Fribourg, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Orúkọ rẹ̀ ní èdè Faranse ni Chiètres.({{IPA|fr|ʃjɛtʁ|pron}}; {{langx|frp|Chiétres}} {{IPA|frp|ˈcɛtʁə||Frp-greverin-Tyétre.ogg}}). ==òṣèlú == Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2011, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP, tí ó gba 26.0% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: SPS pẹ̀lú 19.5%, FDP pẹ̀lú 14.4%, àti CVP pẹ̀lú 12.9%.<ref name=2011_Election>[http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm Canton of Fribourg National Council Election of 23 October 2011 Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405010021/http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm |date=5 April 2012 }} {{in lang|de|fr}} accessed 3 November 2011</ref> SVP gba fẹrẹ́ bákan náà bí wọ́n ṣe gba ní ìdìbò 2007 (29.3% ní 2007, 26.0% ní 2011). SPS gòkè láti ipò kẹta ní 2007 (16.4%) sí ipò kejì ní 2011, FDP sì rọ̀ láti ipò kejì ní 2007 (18.5%) sí ipò kẹta, nígbà tí CVP dúró fẹrẹ́ bákan náà (15.4% ní 2007). Apapọ ìbò ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọ̀gọ́rùn-ún méjìlélọ́gbọ̀n (1,328) ni a dì nínú ìdìbò yìí, nínú wọn mẹ́rìndínlógún (16) (1.2%) ni kò wulo.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, ''Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514211354/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html |date=2015-05-14 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 May 2010</ref> ==Àwọn ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè tó ṣe pàtàkì (Heritage sites of national significance)== [[File:Kerzers Stellwerk.jpg|thumb|Stellwerk (signal house at the train station) in Kerzers]] Ilé Stellwerk (ilé ìṣàkóso àmì ọkọ̀ ojú irin ní ibùdó ọkọ̀) wà lórí àkójọ àwọn ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland tó ní ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gíga (heritage site of national significance) gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé àkójọ ohun-ini àṣà Switzerland. Gbogbo abúlé Kerzers tí ó ti di ìlú (urbanized village) tún jẹ́ apá nínú Ìwé Àkójọ Àwọn Ibi Ogún Switzerland (Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |title=Kantonsliste A-Objekte |year=2009 |work=KGS Inventar |publisher=Federal Office of Civil Protection |language=German |accessdate=25 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628110559/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |archive-date=28 June 2010 }}</ref> ==itokasi== p9w51eyiyrdpd75x8est6810tn8qr8t 625026 625025 2026-07-02T10:11:50Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kerzers | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Bahnhof Kerzers.JPG | image_caption = Kerzers train station | imagepath_flag = CHE Kerzers Flag.svg | imagepath_coa = CHE Kerzers COA.svg |pixel_coa= | canton = Fribourg | iso-code-region = CH-FR | district = [[See (district of Fribourg)|See]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|59|N|7|12|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3210 | municipality_code = 2265 | area = 12.23 | elevation = 450|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-FR|2265}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-FR}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-FR}} | website = www.kerzers.ch | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident |list_of_mayors = | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 7 | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Fräschels]], [[Golaten]] (BE), [[Gurbrü]] (BE), [[Kallnach]] (BE), [[Münchenwiler]] (BE), [[Niederried bei Kallnach]] (BE), [[Ried bei Kerzers]], [[Treiten]] (BE), [[Wileroltigen]] (BE) | twintowns = |}} Kerzers jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè See, ní canton Fribourg, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Orúkọ rẹ̀ ní èdè Faranse ni Chiètres.({{IPA|fr|ʃjɛtʁ|pron}}; {{langx|frp|Chiétres}} {{IPA|frp|ˈcɛtʁə||Frp-greverin-Tyétre.ogg}}). ==òṣèlú == Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2011, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP, tí ó gba 26.0% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: SPS pẹ̀lú 19.5%, FDP pẹ̀lú 14.4%, àti CVP pẹ̀lú 12.9%.<ref name=2011_Election>[http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm Canton of Fribourg National Council Election of 23 October 2011 Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405010021/http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm |date=5 April 2012 }} {{in lang|de|fr}} accessed 3 November 2011</ref> SVP gba fẹrẹ́ bákan náà bí wọ́n ṣe gba ní ìdìbò 2007 (29.3% ní 2007, 26.0% ní 2011). SPS gòkè láti ipò kẹta ní 2007 (16.4%) sí ipò kejì ní 2011, FDP sì rọ̀ láti ipò kejì ní 2007 (18.5%) sí ipò kẹta, nígbà tí CVP dúró fẹrẹ́ bákan náà (15.4% ní 2007). Apapọ ìbò ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọ̀gọ́rùn-ún méjìlélọ́gbọ̀n (1,328) ni a dì nínú ìdìbò yìí, nínú wọn mẹ́rìndínlógún (16) (1.2%) ni kò wulo.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, ''Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514211354/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html |date=2015-05-14 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 May 2010</ref> ==Àwọn ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè tó ṣe pàtàkì (Heritage sites of national significance)== [[File:Kerzers Stellwerk.jpg|thumb|Stellwerk (signal house at the train station) in Kerzers]] Ilé Stellwerk (ilé ìṣàkóso àmì ọkọ̀ ojú irin ní ibùdó ọkọ̀) wà lórí àkójọ àwọn ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland tó ní ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gíga (heritage site of national significance) gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé àkójọ ohun-ini àṣà Switzerland. Gbogbo abúlé Kerzers tí ó ti di ìlú (urbanized village) tún jẹ́ apá nínú Ìwé Àkójọ Àwọn Ibi Ogún Switzerland (Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |title=Kantonsliste A-Objekte |year=2009 |work=KGS Inventar |publisher=Federal Office of Civil Protection |language=German |accessdate=25 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628110559/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |archive-date=28 June 2010 }}</ref> ==History== Kerzers is first mentioned in 926 as ''Cartris''. In 1153 it was mentioned as ''Kercers''.<ref name=HDS/> In March 2026, [[2026 Kerzers bus fire|a fire on a bus]] killed at least six people.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-10 |title=At least six dead in Switzerland bus fire |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5y4wdlyy9xo |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[File:ETH-BIB-Kerzers-LBS H1-012230-01.tif|thumb|Aerial&nbsp;photograph&nbsp;(1949)]] ==itokasi== bie2i8cfrg5w3wh4at8dk33plh2gf2q 625027 625026 2026-07-02T10:12:39Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kerzers | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Bahnhof Kerzers.JPG | image_caption = Kerzers train station | imagepath_flag = CHE Kerzers Flag.svg | imagepath_coa = CHE Kerzers COA.svg |pixel_coa= | canton = Fribourg | iso-code-region = CH-FR | district = [[See (district of Fribourg)|See]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|59|N|7|12|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3210 | municipality_code = 2265 | area = 12.23 | elevation = 450|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-FR|2265}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-FR}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-FR}} | website = www.kerzers.ch | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident |list_of_mayors = | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 7 | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Fräschels]], [[Golaten]] (BE), [[Gurbrü]] (BE), [[Kallnach]] (BE), [[Münchenwiler]] (BE), [[Niederried bei Kallnach]] (BE), [[Ried bei Kerzers]], [[Treiten]] (BE), [[Wileroltigen]] (BE) | twintowns = |}} Kerzers jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè See, ní canton Fribourg, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Orúkọ rẹ̀ ní èdè Faranse ni Chiètres.({{IPA|fr|ʃjɛtʁ|pron}}; {{langx|frp|Chiétres}} {{IPA|frp|ˈcɛtʁə||Frp-greverin-Tyétre.ogg}}). ==òṣèlú == Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2011, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP, tí ó gba 26.0% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: SPS pẹ̀lú 19.5%, FDP pẹ̀lú 14.4%, àti CVP pẹ̀lú 12.9%.<ref name=2011_Election>[http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm Canton of Fribourg National Council Election of 23 October 2011 Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405010021/http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm |date=5 April 2012 }} {{in lang|de|fr}} accessed 3 November 2011</ref> SVP gba fẹrẹ́ bákan náà bí wọ́n ṣe gba ní ìdìbò 2007 (29.3% ní 2007, 26.0% ní 2011). SPS gòkè láti ipò kẹta ní 2007 (16.4%) sí ipò kejì ní 2011, FDP sì rọ̀ láti ipò kejì ní 2007 (18.5%) sí ipò kẹta, nígbà tí CVP dúró fẹrẹ́ bákan náà (15.4% ní 2007). Apapọ ìbò ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọ̀gọ́rùn-ún méjìlélọ́gbọ̀n (1,328) ni a dì nínú ìdìbò yìí, nínú wọn mẹ́rìndínlógún (16) (1.2%) ni kò wulo.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, ''Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514211354/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html |date=2015-05-14 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 May 2010</ref> ==Àwọn ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè tó ṣe pàtàkì (Heritage sites of national significance)== [[File:Kerzers Stellwerk.jpg|thumb|Stellwerk (signal house at the train station) in Kerzers]] Ilé Stellwerk (ilé ìṣàkóso àmì ọkọ̀ ojú irin ní ibùdó ọkọ̀) wà lórí àkójọ àwọn ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland tó ní ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gíga (heritage site of national significance) gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé àkójọ ohun-ini àṣà Switzerland. Gbogbo abúlé Kerzers tí ó ti di ìlú (urbanized village) tún jẹ́ apá nínú Ìwé Àkójọ Àwọn Ibi Ogún Switzerland (Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |title=Kantonsliste A-Objekte |year=2009 |work=KGS Inventar |publisher=Federal Office of Civil Protection |language=German |accessdate=25 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628110559/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |archive-date=28 June 2010 }}</ref> ==ìtàn == Kerzers ni a kọ́kọ́ mẹ́nu kàn nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ní ọdún 926 gẹ́gẹ́ bí Cartris. Ní ọdún 1153, a tún mẹ́nu kàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kercers.<ref name=HDS/> In March 2026, [[2026 Kerzers bus fire|a fire on a bus]] killed at least six people.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-10 |title=At least six dead in Switzerland bus fire |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5y4wdlyy9xo |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[File:ETH-BIB-Kerzers-LBS H1-012230-01.tif|thumb|Aerial&nbsp;photograph&nbsp;(1949)]] ==itokasi== 0hvbikcbuippwfyc0lmw6yfu1e3ew5e 625028 625027 2026-07-02T10:13:31Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* ìtàn */ 625028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kerzers | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Bahnhof Kerzers.JPG | image_caption = Kerzers train station | imagepath_flag = CHE Kerzers Flag.svg | imagepath_coa = CHE Kerzers COA.svg |pixel_coa= | canton = Fribourg | iso-code-region = CH-FR | district = [[See (district of Fribourg)|See]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|59|N|7|12|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3210 | municipality_code = 2265 | area = 12.23 | elevation = 450|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-FR|2265}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-FR}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-FR}} | website = www.kerzers.ch | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident |list_of_mayors = | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 7 | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Fräschels]], [[Golaten]] (BE), [[Gurbrü]] (BE), [[Kallnach]] (BE), [[Münchenwiler]] (BE), [[Niederried bei Kallnach]] (BE), [[Ried bei Kerzers]], [[Treiten]] (BE), [[Wileroltigen]] (BE) | twintowns = |}} Kerzers jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè See, ní canton Fribourg, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Orúkọ rẹ̀ ní èdè Faranse ni Chiètres.({{IPA|fr|ʃjɛtʁ|pron}}; {{langx|frp|Chiétres}} {{IPA|frp|ˈcɛtʁə||Frp-greverin-Tyétre.ogg}}). ==òṣèlú == Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2011, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP, tí ó gba 26.0% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: SPS pẹ̀lú 19.5%, FDP pẹ̀lú 14.4%, àti CVP pẹ̀lú 12.9%.<ref name=2011_Election>[http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm Canton of Fribourg National Council Election of 23 October 2011 Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405010021/http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm |date=5 April 2012 }} {{in lang|de|fr}} accessed 3 November 2011</ref> SVP gba fẹrẹ́ bákan náà bí wọ́n ṣe gba ní ìdìbò 2007 (29.3% ní 2007, 26.0% ní 2011). SPS gòkè láti ipò kẹta ní 2007 (16.4%) sí ipò kejì ní 2011, FDP sì rọ̀ láti ipò kejì ní 2007 (18.5%) sí ipò kẹta, nígbà tí CVP dúró fẹrẹ́ bákan náà (15.4% ní 2007). Apapọ ìbò ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọ̀gọ́rùn-ún méjìlélọ́gbọ̀n (1,328) ni a dì nínú ìdìbò yìí, nínú wọn mẹ́rìndínlógún (16) (1.2%) ni kò wulo.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, ''Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514211354/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html |date=2015-05-14 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 May 2010</ref> ==Àwọn ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè tó ṣe pàtàkì (Heritage sites of national significance)== [[File:Kerzers Stellwerk.jpg|thumb|Stellwerk (signal house at the train station) in Kerzers]] Ilé Stellwerk (ilé ìṣàkóso àmì ọkọ̀ ojú irin ní ibùdó ọkọ̀) wà lórí àkójọ àwọn ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland tó ní ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gíga (heritage site of national significance) gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé àkójọ ohun-ini àṣà Switzerland. Gbogbo abúlé Kerzers tí ó ti di ìlú (urbanized village) tún jẹ́ apá nínú Ìwé Àkójọ Àwọn Ibi Ogún Switzerland (Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |title=Kantonsliste A-Objekte |year=2009 |work=KGS Inventar |publisher=Federal Office of Civil Protection |language=German |accessdate=25 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628110559/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |archive-date=28 June 2010 }}</ref> ==ìtàn == Kerzers ni a kọ́kọ́ mẹ́nu kàn nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ní ọdún 926 gẹ́gẹ́ bí Cartris. Ní ọdún 1153, a tún mẹ́nu kàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kercers.<ref name=HDS/> Ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2026, ìná kan tó ṣẹlẹ̀ lórí ọkọ̀ akero ní Kerzers fa ikú ó kéré tán ènìyàn mẹ́fà. .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-10 |title=At least six dead in Switzerland bus fire |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5y4wdlyy9xo |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[File:ETH-BIB-Kerzers-LBS H1-012230-01.tif|thumb|Aerial&nbsp;photograph&nbsp;(1949)]] ==itokasi== 3o95ootcav2n1yhp19bmt0f2lism5dh 625029 625028 2026-07-02T10:14:23Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kerzers | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Bahnhof Kerzers.JPG | image_caption = Kerzers train station | imagepath_flag = CHE Kerzers Flag.svg | imagepath_coa = CHE Kerzers COA.svg |pixel_coa= | canton = Fribourg | iso-code-region = CH-FR | district = [[See (district of Fribourg)|See]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|59|N|7|12|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3210 | municipality_code = 2265 | area = 12.23 | elevation = 450|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-FR|2265}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-FR}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-FR}} | website = www.kerzers.ch | mayor = |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident |list_of_mayors = | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 7 | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Fräschels]], [[Golaten]] (BE), [[Gurbrü]] (BE), [[Kallnach]] (BE), [[Münchenwiler]] (BE), [[Niederried bei Kallnach]] (BE), [[Ried bei Kerzers]], [[Treiten]] (BE), [[Wileroltigen]] (BE) | twintowns = |}} Kerzers jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè See, ní canton Fribourg, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Orúkọ rẹ̀ ní èdè Faranse ni Chiètres.({{IPA|fr|ʃjɛtʁ|pron}}; {{langx|frp|Chiétres}} {{IPA|frp|ˈcɛtʁə||Frp-greverin-Tyétre.ogg}}). ==òṣèlú == Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2011, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP, tí ó gba 26.0% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: SPS pẹ̀lú 19.5%, FDP pẹ̀lú 14.4%, àti CVP pẹ̀lú 12.9%.<ref name=2011_Election>[http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm Canton of Fribourg National Council Election of 23 October 2011 Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405010021/http://www.fr.ch/cha/de/pub/wahlen/eidg_2011/nationalrat/ergebnisse/statistiken.cfm |date=5 April 2012 }} {{in lang|de|fr}} accessed 3 November 2011</ref> SVP gba fẹrẹ́ bákan náà bí wọ́n ṣe gba ní ìdìbò 2007 (29.3% ní 2007, 26.0% ní 2011). SPS gòkè láti ipò kẹta ní 2007 (16.4%) sí ipò kejì ní 2011, FDP sì rọ̀ láti ipò kejì ní 2007 (18.5%) sí ipò kẹta, nígbà tí CVP dúró fẹrẹ́ bákan náà (15.4% ní 2007). Apapọ ìbò ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọ̀gọ́rùn-ún méjìlélọ́gbọ̀n (1,328) ni a dì nínú ìdìbò yìí, nínú wọn mẹ́rìndínlógún (16) (1.2%) ni kò wulo.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, ''Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514211354/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html |date=2015-05-14 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 May 2010</ref> ==Àwọn ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè tó ṣe pàtàkì (Heritage sites of national significance)== [[File:Kerzers Stellwerk.jpg|thumb|Stellwerk (signal house at the train station) in Kerzers]] Ilé Stellwerk (ilé ìṣàkóso àmì ọkọ̀ ojú irin ní ibùdó ọkọ̀) wà lórí àkójọ àwọn ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland tó ní ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gíga (heritage site of national significance) gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé àkójọ ohun-ini àṣà Switzerland. Gbogbo abúlé Kerzers tí ó ti di ìlú (urbanized village) tún jẹ́ apá nínú Ìwé Àkójọ Àwọn Ibi Ogún Switzerland (Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |title=Kantonsliste A-Objekte |year=2009 |work=KGS Inventar |publisher=Federal Office of Civil Protection |language=German |accessdate=25 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628110559/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |archive-date=28 June 2010 }}</ref> ==ìtàn == Kerzers ni a kọ́kọ́ mẹ́nu kàn nínú àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ ní ọdún 926 gẹ́gẹ́ bí Cartris. Ní ọdún 1153, a tún mẹ́nu kàn án gẹ́gẹ́ bí Kercers.<ref name=HDS/> Ní Oṣù Kẹta ọdún 2026, ìná kan tó ṣẹlẹ̀ lórí ọkọ̀ akero ní Kerzers fa ikú ó kéré tán ènìyàn mẹ́fà. .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-10 |title=At least six dead in Switzerland bus fire |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5y4wdlyy9xo |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[File:ETH-BIB-Kerzers-LBS H1-012230-01.tif|thumb|Aerial&nbsp;photograph&nbsp;(1949)]] ==Àmì apata (Coat of arms)== Àpèjúwe (blazon) ti àmì apata ìlú náà ni: “Azure two Candles lit proper.”<ref>[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ch-fr160.html Flags of the World.com] accessed 14-December-2011</ref> Ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ni pé àyà àpẹẹrẹ jẹ́ aláwọ̀ bulu, pẹ̀lú ìmọ́lẹ̀ abẹ́là méjì tí a ti tan (candles lit) lórí rẹ̀. Nítorí pé “Kerze” túmọ̀ sí abẹ́là (candle) ní èdè Jámánì, àmì apata yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ canting arms, ìyẹn àmì apata tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń fi ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ hàn. ==itokasi== j7yul5m9dl344nqq4lzn3ozy9w8bhw2 0 80811 625030 2026-07-02T10:20:18Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 Ṣ'èdá ojúewé pẹ̀lú "{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kemmental|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=Hugelshofen 288.JPG|image_caption=Hugelshofen|imagepath_coa=CHE Kemmental COA.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Thurgau|iso-code-region=CH-TG|district=[[Kreuzlingen (district)|Kreuzlingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|37|N|9|10|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=8565, 8566, 8573|municipality_code=4666|area=25.02|elevation=548|elevation_description=|population=2203|populationof=December 20..." 625030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kemmental|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=Hugelshofen 288.JPG|image_caption=Hugelshofen|imagepath_coa=CHE Kemmental COA.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Thurgau|iso-code-region=CH-TG|district=[[Kreuzlingen (district)|Kreuzlingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|37|N|9|10|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=8565, 8566, 8573|municipality_code=4666|area=25.02|elevation=548|elevation_description=|population=2203|populationof=December 2007|popofyear=2007|website=www.kemmental.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=[[Alterswilen]], [[Altishausen]], [[Bommen]], [[Dotnacht]], [[Ellighausen]], [[Engelswilen]], [[Hugelshofen]], [[Lipperwilen]], [[Lippoldswilen]], [[Neuwilen]], [[Schwaderloh]], [[Siegershausen]]|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Berg, Thurgau|Berg]], [[Kreuzlingen]], [[Lengwil]], [[Märstetten]], [[Tägerwilen]], [[Wäldi]], [[Weinfelden]], [[Wigoltingen]]|twintowns=}} '''Kemmental''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Kreuzlingen (district)|Kreuzlingen]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Thurgau]] in [[Switzerland]]. The municipality was formed on 1 January 1996 through the merger of [[Alterswilen]], [[Hugelshofen]], [[Altishausen]], [[Dotnacht]], [[Ellighausen]], [[Lippoldswilen]], [[Neuwilen]] and [[Siegershausen]]. qcp8xjcsuj2bhhimfnvnchxe4y3xf2l 625031 625030 2026-07-02T10:22:07Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kemmental|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=Hugelshofen 288.JPG|image_caption=Hugelshofen|imagepath_coa=CHE Kemmental COA.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Thurgau|iso-code-region=CH-TG|district=[[Kreuzlingen (district)|Kreuzlingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|37|N|9|10|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=8565, 8566, 8573|municipality_code=4666|area=25.02|elevation=548|elevation_description=|population=2203|populationof=December 2007|popofyear=2007|website=www.kemmental.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=[[Alterswilen]], [[Altishausen]], [[Bommen]], [[Dotnacht]], [[Ellighausen]], [[Engelswilen]], [[Hugelshofen]], [[Lipperwilen]], [[Lippoldswilen]], [[Neuwilen]], [[Schwaderloh]], [[Siegershausen]]|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Berg, Thurgau|Berg]], [[Kreuzlingen]], [[Lengwil]], [[Märstetten]], [[Tägerwilen]], [[Wäldi]], [[Weinfelden]], [[Wigoltingen]]|twintowns=}} Kemmental jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Kreuzlingen, ní canton Thurgau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. The municipality was formed on 1 January 1996 through the merger of [[Alterswilen]], [[Hugelshofen]], [[Altishausen]], [[Dotnacht]], [[Ellighausen]], [[Lippoldswilen]], [[Neuwilen]] and [[Siegershausen]]. 6j2bbrjzcynby45yrrbu91zqhl7qtt8 625032 625031 2026-07-02T10:22:55Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kemmental|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=Hugelshofen 288.JPG|image_caption=Hugelshofen|imagepath_coa=CHE Kemmental COA.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Thurgau|iso-code-region=CH-TG|district=[[Kreuzlingen (district)|Kreuzlingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|37|N|9|10|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=8565, 8566, 8573|municipality_code=4666|area=25.02|elevation=548|elevation_description=|population=2203|populationof=December 2007|popofyear=2007|website=www.kemmental.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=[[Alterswilen]], [[Altishausen]], [[Bommen]], [[Dotnacht]], [[Ellighausen]], [[Engelswilen]], [[Hugelshofen]], [[Lipperwilen]], [[Lippoldswilen]], [[Neuwilen]], [[Schwaderloh]], [[Siegershausen]]|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Berg, Thurgau|Berg]], [[Kreuzlingen]], [[Lengwil]], [[Märstetten]], [[Tägerwilen]], [[Wäldi]], [[Weinfelden]], [[Wigoltingen]]|twintowns=}} Kemmental jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Kreuzlingen, ní canton Thurgau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Ìlú ìṣàkóso náà dá sílẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Kínní ọdún 1996, nípasẹ̀ ìṣọ̀kan (merger) àwọn abúlé wọ̀nyí: Alterswilen, Hugelshofen, Altishausen, Dotnacht, Ellighausen, Lippoldswilen, Neuwilen, àti Siegershausen. 5qo269z16s9cp08ur9xsv4vmbcbik63 625033 625032 2026-07-02T10:26:22Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kemmental|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=Hugelshofen 288.JPG|image_caption=Hugelshofen|imagepath_coa=CHE Kemmental COA.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Thurgau|iso-code-region=CH-TG|district=[[Kreuzlingen (district)|Kreuzlingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|37|N|9|10|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=8565, 8566, 8573|municipality_code=4666|area=25.02|elevation=548|elevation_description=|population=2203|populationof=December 2007|popofyear=2007|website=www.kemmental.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=[[Alterswilen]], [[Altishausen]], [[Bommen]], [[Dotnacht]], [[Ellighausen]], [[Engelswilen]], [[Hugelshofen]], [[Lipperwilen]], [[Lippoldswilen]], [[Neuwilen]], [[Schwaderloh]], [[Siegershausen]]|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Berg, Thurgau|Berg]], [[Kreuzlingen]], [[Lengwil]], [[Märstetten]], [[Tägerwilen]], [[Wäldi]], [[Weinfelden]], [[Wigoltingen]]|twintowns=}} Kemmental jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Kreuzlingen, ní canton Thurgau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Ìlú ìṣàkóso náà dá sílẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Kínní ọdún 1996, nípasẹ̀ ìṣọ̀kan (merger) àwọn abúlé wọ̀nyí: Alterswilen, Hugelshofen, Altishausen, Dotnacht, Ellighausen, Lippoldswilen, Neuwilen, àti Siegershausen. ==Ìdàgbàsókè Òṣèlú(Economy)== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìpò ní ọdún 2007, Kemmental ní ìdíwọ̀n aláìníṣẹ́ 1.82%. Títí di ọdún 2005, ọ̀ọ́dúnrún méjìlélọ́gọ́rin (278) ènìyàn ni wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka ìṣúná àkọ́kọ́ (primary sector), pẹ̀lú ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́jọ (108) ilé-iṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka yìí. ọgọ́rùn-ún mọ́kàndínlélọ́gọ́rin (191) ènìyàn ni wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka kejì (secondary sector), pẹ̀lú mẹ́tàlélọ́gbọ̀n (34) ilé-iṣẹ́. Nígbà tí ọ̀ọ́dúnrún mẹ́fàlélọ́gọ́rin (266) ènìyàn wà nínú ẹ̀ka kẹta (tertiary sector), pẹ̀lú mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rin (64) ilé-iṣẹ́. r5hp2s1teql11slsgvsj85wg3nq6j9o 625034 625033 2026-07-02T10:26:52Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kemmental|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=Hugelshofen 288.JPG|image_caption=Hugelshofen|imagepath_coa=CHE Kemmental COA.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Thurgau|iso-code-region=CH-TG|district=[[Kreuzlingen (district)|Kreuzlingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|37|N|9|10|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=8565, 8566, 8573|municipality_code=4666|area=25.02|elevation=548|elevation_description=|population=2203|populationof=December 2007|popofyear=2007|website=www.kemmental.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=[[Alterswilen]], [[Altishausen]], [[Bommen]], [[Dotnacht]], [[Ellighausen]], [[Engelswilen]], [[Hugelshofen]], [[Lipperwilen]], [[Lippoldswilen]], [[Neuwilen]], [[Schwaderloh]], [[Siegershausen]]|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Berg, Thurgau|Berg]], [[Kreuzlingen]], [[Lengwil]], [[Märstetten]], [[Tägerwilen]], [[Wäldi]], [[Weinfelden]], [[Wigoltingen]]|twintowns=}} Kemmental jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Kreuzlingen, ní canton Thurgau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Ìlú ìṣàkóso náà dá sílẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Kínní ọdún 1996, nípasẹ̀ ìṣọ̀kan (merger) àwọn abúlé wọ̀nyí: Alterswilen, Hugelshofen, Altishausen, Dotnacht, Ellighausen, Lippoldswilen, Neuwilen, àti Siegershausen. ==Ìdàgbàsókè Òṣèlú(Economy)== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìpò ní ọdún 2007, Kemmental ní ìdíwọ̀n aláìníṣẹ́ 1.82%. Títí di ọdún 2005, ọ̀ọ́dúnrún méjìlélọ́gọ́rin (278) ènìyàn ni wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka ìṣúná àkọ́kọ́ (primary sector), pẹ̀lú ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́jọ (108) ilé-iṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka yìí. ọgọ́rùn-ún mọ́kàndínlélọ́gọ́rin (191) ènìyàn ni wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka kejì (secondary sector), pẹ̀lú mẹ́tàlélọ́gbọ̀n (34) ilé-iṣẹ́. Nígbà tí ọ̀ọ́dúnrún mẹ́fàlélọ́gọ́rin (266) ènìyàn wà nínú ẹ̀ka kẹta (tertiary sector), pẹ̀lú mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rin (64) ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref name=SFSO/> hupn60w537q4td4lb96t2858ooki2c2 625035 625034 2026-07-02T10:28:27Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kemmental|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=Hugelshofen 288.JPG|image_caption=Hugelshofen|imagepath_coa=CHE Kemmental COA.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Thurgau|iso-code-region=CH-TG|district=[[Kreuzlingen (district)|Kreuzlingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|37|N|9|10|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=8565, 8566, 8573|municipality_code=4666|area=25.02|elevation=548|elevation_description=|population=2203|populationof=December 2007|popofyear=2007|website=www.kemmental.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=[[Alterswilen]], [[Altishausen]], [[Bommen]], [[Dotnacht]], [[Ellighausen]], [[Engelswilen]], [[Hugelshofen]], [[Lipperwilen]], [[Lippoldswilen]], [[Neuwilen]], [[Schwaderloh]], [[Siegershausen]]|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Berg, Thurgau|Berg]], [[Kreuzlingen]], [[Lengwil]], [[Märstetten]], [[Tägerwilen]], [[Wäldi]], [[Weinfelden]], [[Wigoltingen]]|twintowns=}} Kemmental jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Kreuzlingen, ní canton Thurgau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Ìlú ìṣàkóso náà dá sílẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Kínní ọdún 1996, nípasẹ̀ ìṣọ̀kan (merger) àwọn abúlé wọ̀nyí: Alterswilen, Hugelshofen, Altishausen, Dotnacht, Ellighausen, Lippoldswilen, Neuwilen, àti Siegershausen. ==Ìdàgbàsókè Òṣèlú(Economy)== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìpò ní ọdún 2007, Kemmental ní ìdíwọ̀n aláìníṣẹ́ 1.82%. Títí di ọdún 2005, ọ̀ọ́dúnrún méjìlélọ́gọ́rin (278) ènìyàn ni wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka ìṣúná àkọ́kọ́ (primary sector), pẹ̀lú ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́jọ (108) ilé-iṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka yìí. ọgọ́rùn-ún mọ́kàndínlélọ́gọ́rin (191) ènìyàn ni wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka kejì (secondary sector), pẹ̀lú mẹ́tàlélọ́gbọ̀n (34) ilé-iṣẹ́. Nígbà tí ọ̀ọ́dúnrún mẹ́fàlélọ́gọ́rin (266) ènìyàn wà nínú ẹ̀ka kẹta (tertiary sector), pẹ̀lú mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rin (64) ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref name=SFSO/> Ní ọdún 2000, apapọ ọ̀kànlélọ́gbọ̀n ó lé ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́ta (1,533) àwọn oṣiṣẹ́ ni wọ́n ń gbé ní ìlú náà. Nínú wọn, mẹ́rìndínlọ́gọ́rin-dín-lọ́gọ́rin (679), tó jẹ́ 44.3% àwọn olùgbé, ni wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta Kemmental, nígbà tí ọgọ́rùn-ún márùn-ún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin (185) ènìyàn ń bọ̀ wá ṣiṣẹ́ sínú ìlú náà láti ibòmíràn. Apapọ iṣẹ́ ọ̀kànlélọ́gbọ̀n ó lé ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgbọ̀n-dín-lọ́gọ́rin (1,039) (pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ tó kéré jù wákàtí mẹ́fà (6) lọ ní ọ̀sẹ̀) wà ní ìlú náà. Nínú àwọn oṣiṣẹ́, 3.4% ló ń lo ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò àgbáyé (public transport) lọ sí ibi iṣẹ́, nígbà tí 51.9% ń lo ọkọ̀ aládàáni (private car).<ref name=SFSO/> ==itokasi== pxbgq6vlivvsrhr6eagikhowsw3iv2v 625036 625035 2026-07-02T10:29:53Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* Ìdàgbàsókè Òṣèlú(Economy) */ 625036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kemmental|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=Hugelshofen 288.JPG|image_caption=Hugelshofen|imagepath_coa=CHE Kemmental COA.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Thurgau|iso-code-region=CH-TG|district=[[Kreuzlingen (district)|Kreuzlingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|37|N|9|10|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=8565, 8566, 8573|municipality_code=4666|area=25.02|elevation=548|elevation_description=|population=2203|populationof=December 2007|popofyear=2007|website=www.kemmental.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=[[Alterswilen]], [[Altishausen]], [[Bommen]], [[Dotnacht]], [[Ellighausen]], [[Engelswilen]], [[Hugelshofen]], [[Lipperwilen]], [[Lippoldswilen]], [[Neuwilen]], [[Schwaderloh]], [[Siegershausen]]|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Berg, Thurgau|Berg]], [[Kreuzlingen]], [[Lengwil]], [[Märstetten]], [[Tägerwilen]], [[Wäldi]], [[Weinfelden]], [[Wigoltingen]]|twintowns=}} Kemmental jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Kreuzlingen, ní canton Thurgau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Ìlú ìṣàkóso náà dá sílẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Kínní ọdún 1996, nípasẹ̀ ìṣọ̀kan (merger) àwọn abúlé wọ̀nyí: Alterswilen, Hugelshofen, Altishausen, Dotnacht, Ellighausen, Lippoldswilen, Neuwilen, àti Siegershausen. ==Ìdàgbàsókè Òṣèlú(Economy)== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìpò ní ọdún 2007, Kemmental ní ìdíwọ̀n aláìníṣẹ́ 1.82%. Títí di ọdún 2005, ọ̀ọ́dúnrún méjìlélọ́gọ́rin (278) ènìyàn ni wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka ìṣúná àkọ́kọ́ (primary sector), pẹ̀lú ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́jọ (108) ilé-iṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka yìí. ọgọ́rùn-ún mọ́kàndínlélọ́gọ́rin (191) ènìyàn ni wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka kejì (secondary sector), pẹ̀lú mẹ́rinlélọ́gbọ̀n (34) ilé-iṣẹ́. Nígbà tí ọ̀ọ́dúnrún mẹ́fàlélọ́gọ́rin (266) ènìyàn wà nínú ẹ̀ka kẹta (tertiary sector), pẹ̀lú mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rin (64) ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref name=SFSO/> Ní ọdún 2000, apapọ ọ̀kànlélọ́gbọ̀n ó lé ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́ta (1,533) àwọn oṣiṣẹ́ ni wọ́n ń gbé ní ìlú náà. Nínú wọn, mẹ́rìndínlọ́gọ́rin-dín-lọ́gọ́rin (679), tó jẹ́ 44.3% àwọn olùgbé, ni wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta Kemmental, nígbà tí ọgọ́rùn-ún márùn-ún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin (185) ènìyàn ń bọ̀ wá ṣiṣẹ́ sínú ìlú náà láti ibòmíràn. Apapọ iṣẹ́ ọ̀kànlélọ́gbọ̀n ó lé ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgbọ̀n-dín-lọ́gọ́rin (1,039) (pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ tó kéré jù wákàtí mẹ́fà (6) lọ ní ọ̀sẹ̀) wà ní ìlú náà. Nínú àwọn oṣiṣẹ́, 3.4% ló ń lo ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò àgbáyé (public transport) lọ sí ibi iṣẹ́, nígbà tí 51.9% ń lo ọkọ̀ aládàáni (private car).<ref name=SFSO/> ==itokasi== jfoehjpnuhxuc5db41ffrtkgeecs8kh 625037 625036 2026-07-02T10:30:33Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kemmental|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=Hugelshofen 288.JPG|image_caption=Hugelshofen|imagepath_coa=CHE Kemmental COA.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Thurgau|iso-code-region=CH-TG|district=[[Kreuzlingen (district)|Kreuzlingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|37|N|9|10|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=8565, 8566, 8573|municipality_code=4666|area=25.02|elevation=548|elevation_description=|population=2203|populationof=December 2007|popofyear=2007|website=www.kemmental.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=[[Alterswilen]], [[Altishausen]], [[Bommen]], [[Dotnacht]], [[Ellighausen]], [[Engelswilen]], [[Hugelshofen]], [[Lipperwilen]], [[Lippoldswilen]], [[Neuwilen]], [[Schwaderloh]], [[Siegershausen]]|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Berg, Thurgau|Berg]], [[Kreuzlingen]], [[Lengwil]], [[Märstetten]], [[Tägerwilen]], [[Wäldi]], [[Weinfelden]], [[Wigoltingen]]|twintowns=}} Kemmental jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Kreuzlingen, ní canton Thurgau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Ìlú ìṣàkóso náà dá sílẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Kínní ọdún 1996, nípasẹ̀ ìṣọ̀kan (merger) àwọn abúlé wọ̀nyí: Alterswilen, Hugelshofen, Altishausen, Dotnacht, Ellighausen, Lippoldswilen, Neuwilen, àti Siegershausen. ==Ìdàgbàsókè Òṣèlú(Economy)== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìpò ní ọdún 2007, Kemmental ní ìdíwọ̀n aláìníṣẹ́ 1.82%. Títí di ọdún 2005, ọ̀ọ́dúnrún méjìlélọ́gọ́rin (278) ènìyàn ni wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka ìṣúná àkọ́kọ́ (primary sector), pẹ̀lú ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́jọ (108) ilé-iṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka yìí. ọgọ́rùn-ún mọ́kàndínlélọ́gọ́rin (191) ènìyàn ni wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka kejì (secondary sector), pẹ̀lú mẹ́rinlélọ́gbọ̀n (34) ilé-iṣẹ́. Nígbà tí ọ̀ọ́dúnrún mẹ́fàlélọ́gọ́rin (266) ènìyàn wà nínú ẹ̀ka kẹta (tertiary sector), pẹ̀lú mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rin (64) ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref name=SFSO/> Ní ọdún 2000, apapọ ọ̀kànlélọ́gbọ̀n ó lé ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́ta (1,533) àwọn oṣiṣẹ́ ni wọ́n ń gbé ní ìlú náà. Nínú wọn, mẹ́rìndínlọ́gọ́rin-dín-lọ́gọ́rin (679), tó jẹ́ 44.3% àwọn olùgbé, ni wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta Kemmental, nígbà tí ọgọ́rùn-ún márùn-ún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin (185) ènìyàn ń bọ̀ wá ṣiṣẹ́ sínú ìlú náà láti ibòmíràn. Apapọ iṣẹ́ ọ̀kànlélọ́gbọ̀n ó lé ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgbọ̀n-dín-lọ́gọ́rin (1,039) (pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ tó kéré jù wákàtí mẹ́fà (6) lọ ní ọ̀sẹ̀) wà ní ìlú náà. Nínú àwọn oṣiṣẹ́, 3.4% ló ń lo ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò àgbáyé (public transport) lọ sí ibi iṣẹ́, nígbà tí 51.9% ń lo ọkọ̀ aládàáni (private car).<ref name=SFSO/> ==Religion== [[File:Evangelische Kirche Hugelshofen, Gemeinde Kemmental.jpg|thumb|Reformed Church in Hugelshofen]] From the {{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}, 523 or 23.9% were [[Roman Catholic]], while 1,359 or 62.1% belonged to the [[Swiss Reformed Church]]. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 Old Catholic who belonged to the [[Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland]] there are 23 individuals (or about 1.05% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 68 individuals (or about 3.11% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There were 11 (or about 0.50% of the population) who are [[Islam]]ic. There are 2 individuals (or about 0.09% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 166 (or about 7.58% of the population) belong to no church, are [[Agnosticism|agnostic]] or [[Atheism|atheist]], and 36 individuals (or about 1.64% of the population) did not answer the question.<ref>[http://www.statistik.tg.ch/xml_8/internet/de/application/d10460/d10631/f10494.cfm Statistical Office of Thurgau] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418193810/http://www.statistik.tg.ch/xml_8/internet/de/application/d10460/d10631/f10494.cfm |date=2010-04-18 }}, MS Excel document – ''Wohnbevölkerung Gemeinden nach religiöser Zugehörigkeit, Jahr 2000'' {{in lang|de}} accessed 23 June 2010</ref> ==itokasi== 215tsnmp307hpo6kxo2x9e8kktjl7q1 625038 625037 2026-07-02T10:32:06Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kemmental|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=Hugelshofen 288.JPG|image_caption=Hugelshofen|imagepath_coa=CHE Kemmental COA.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Thurgau|iso-code-region=CH-TG|district=[[Kreuzlingen (district)|Kreuzlingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|37|N|9|10|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=8565, 8566, 8573|municipality_code=4666|area=25.02|elevation=548|elevation_description=|population=2203|populationof=December 2007|popofyear=2007|website=www.kemmental.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=[[Alterswilen]], [[Altishausen]], [[Bommen]], [[Dotnacht]], [[Ellighausen]], [[Engelswilen]], [[Hugelshofen]], [[Lipperwilen]], [[Lippoldswilen]], [[Neuwilen]], [[Schwaderloh]], [[Siegershausen]]|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Berg, Thurgau|Berg]], [[Kreuzlingen]], [[Lengwil]], [[Märstetten]], [[Tägerwilen]], [[Wäldi]], [[Weinfelden]], [[Wigoltingen]]|twintowns=}} Kemmental jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Kreuzlingen, ní canton Thurgau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Ìlú ìṣàkóso náà dá sílẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Kínní ọdún 1996, nípasẹ̀ ìṣọ̀kan (merger) àwọn abúlé wọ̀nyí: Alterswilen, Hugelshofen, Altishausen, Dotnacht, Ellighausen, Lippoldswilen, Neuwilen, àti Siegershausen. ==Ìdàgbàsókè Òṣèlú(Economy)== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìpò ní ọdún 2007, Kemmental ní ìdíwọ̀n aláìníṣẹ́ 1.82%. Títí di ọdún 2005, ọ̀ọ́dúnrún méjìlélọ́gọ́rin (278) ènìyàn ni wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka ìṣúná àkọ́kọ́ (primary sector), pẹ̀lú ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́jọ (108) ilé-iṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka yìí. ọgọ́rùn-ún mọ́kàndínlélọ́gọ́rin (191) ènìyàn ni wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka kejì (secondary sector), pẹ̀lú mẹ́rinlélọ́gbọ̀n (34) ilé-iṣẹ́. Nígbà tí ọ̀ọ́dúnrún mẹ́fàlélọ́gọ́rin (266) ènìyàn wà nínú ẹ̀ka kẹta (tertiary sector), pẹ̀lú mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rin (64) ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref name=SFSO/> Ní ọdún 2000, apapọ ọ̀kànlélọ́gbọ̀n ó lé ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́ta (1,533) àwọn oṣiṣẹ́ ni wọ́n ń gbé ní ìlú náà. Nínú wọn, mẹ́rìndínlọ́gọ́rin-dín-lọ́gọ́rin (679), tó jẹ́ 44.3% àwọn olùgbé, ni wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta Kemmental, nígbà tí ọgọ́rùn-ún márùn-ún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin (185) ènìyàn ń bọ̀ wá ṣiṣẹ́ sínú ìlú náà láti ibòmíràn. Apapọ iṣẹ́ ọ̀kànlélọ́gbọ̀n ó lé ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgbọ̀n-dín-lọ́gọ́rin (1,039) (pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ tó kéré jù wákàtí mẹ́fà (6) lọ ní ọ̀sẹ̀) wà ní ìlú náà. Nínú àwọn oṣiṣẹ́, 3.4% ló ń lo ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò àgbáyé (public transport) lọ sí ibi iṣẹ́, nígbà tí 51.9% ń lo ọkọ̀ aládàáni (private car).<ref name=SFSO/> ==Ẹṣin== [[File:Evangelische Kirche Hugelshofen, Gemeinde Kemmental.jpg|thumb|Reformed Church in Hugelshofen]] Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, mẹ́fàlélọ́gọ́ta ó lé ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún méjìlélọ́gọ́rin (523) ènìyàn, tó jẹ́ 23.9%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí ọ̀ọ́dúnrún kan ó lé ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgbọ̀n-dín-lọ́gọ́rin (1,359), tó jẹ́ 62.1%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church. Nínú àwọn yòókù, ọ̀kan (1) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Old Catholic (Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland). mẹ́tàlélọ́gbọ̀n (23) ènìyàn, tó jẹ́ 1.05%, jẹ́ ọmọ Ìjọ Orthodox; àti ọgọ́rin-mẹ́jọ (68), tó jẹ́ 3.11%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Kristẹni míràn. ọ̀kanlélọ́ọ́dún (11), tó jẹ́ 0.50%, jẹ́ Musulumi. méjì (2), tó jẹ́ 0.09%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ míràn tí kò sí nínú àkọsílẹ̀ ìkànìyàn. ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́rìndínlógún (166), tó jẹ́ 7.58%, kò ní ìjọ kankan, wọ́n jẹ́ agnostic tàbí atheist. Nígbà tí ọgbọ̀n-dín-lọ́gọ́rin (36), tó jẹ́ 1.64%, kò dáhùn ìbéèrè náà.<ref>[http://www.statistik.tg.ch/xml_8/internet/de/application/d10460/d10631/f10494.cfm Statistical Office of Thurgau] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418193810/http://www.statistik.tg.ch/xml_8/internet/de/application/d10460/d10631/f10494.cfm |date=2010-04-18 }}, MS Excel document – ''Wohnbevölkerung Gemeinden nach religiöser Zugehörigkeit, Jahr 2000'' {{in lang|de}} accessed 23 June 2010</ref> ==itokasi== 8ascywzzrlrcqtinzsnxfxsoswta7pa 625039 625038 2026-07-02T10:34:23Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kemmental|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=Hugelshofen 288.JPG|image_caption=Hugelshofen|imagepath_coa=CHE Kemmental COA.svg|pixel_coa=|canton=Thurgau|iso-code-region=CH-TG|district=[[Kreuzlingen (district)|Kreuzlingen]]|coordinates={{coord|47|37|N|9|10|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=8565, 8566, 8573|municipality_code=4666|area=25.02|elevation=548|elevation_description=|population=2203|populationof=December 2007|popofyear=2007|website=www.kemmental.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=[[Alterswilen]], [[Altishausen]], [[Bommen]], [[Dotnacht]], [[Ellighausen]], [[Engelswilen]], [[Hugelshofen]], [[Lipperwilen]], [[Lippoldswilen]], [[Neuwilen]], [[Schwaderloh]], [[Siegershausen]]|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Berg, Thurgau|Berg]], [[Kreuzlingen]], [[Lengwil]], [[Märstetten]], [[Tägerwilen]], [[Wäldi]], [[Weinfelden]], [[Wigoltingen]]|twintowns=}} Kemmental jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Kreuzlingen, ní canton Thurgau, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Ìlú ìṣàkóso náà dá sílẹ̀ ní ọjọ́ kìíní oṣù Kínní ọdún 1996, nípasẹ̀ ìṣọ̀kan (merger) àwọn abúlé wọ̀nyí: Alterswilen, Hugelshofen, Altishausen, Dotnacht, Ellighausen, Lippoldswilen, Neuwilen, àti Siegershausen. ==Ìdàgbàsókè Òṣèlú(Economy)== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìpò ní ọdún 2007, Kemmental ní ìdíwọ̀n aláìníṣẹ́ 1.82%. Títí di ọdún 2005, ọ̀ọ́dúnrún méjìlélọ́gọ́rin (278) ènìyàn ni wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka ìṣúná àkọ́kọ́ (primary sector), pẹ̀lú ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́jọ (108) ilé-iṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka yìí. ọgọ́rùn-ún mọ́kàndínlélọ́gọ́rin (191) ènìyàn ni wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ẹ̀ka kejì (secondary sector), pẹ̀lú mẹ́rinlélọ́gbọ̀n (34) ilé-iṣẹ́. Nígbà tí ọ̀ọ́dúnrún mẹ́fàlélọ́gọ́rin (266) ènìyàn wà nínú ẹ̀ka kẹta (tertiary sector), pẹ̀lú mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rin (64) ilé-iṣẹ́.<ref name=SFSO/> Ní ọdún 2000, apapọ ọ̀kànlélọ́gbọ̀n ó lé ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́ta (1,533) àwọn oṣiṣẹ́ ni wọ́n ń gbé ní ìlú náà. Nínú wọn, mẹ́rìndínlọ́gọ́rin-dín-lọ́gọ́rin (679), tó jẹ́ 44.3% àwọn olùgbé, ni wọ́n ń ṣiṣẹ́ níta Kemmental, nígbà tí ọgọ́rùn-ún márùn-ún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin (185) ènìyàn ń bọ̀ wá ṣiṣẹ́ sínú ìlú náà láti ibòmíràn. Apapọ iṣẹ́ ọ̀kànlélọ́gbọ̀n ó lé ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgbọ̀n-dín-lọ́gọ́rin (1,039) (pẹ̀lú iṣẹ́ tó kéré jù wákàtí mẹ́fà (6) lọ ní ọ̀sẹ̀) wà ní ìlú náà. Nínú àwọn oṣiṣẹ́, 3.4% ló ń lo ọkọ̀ ìrìnàjò àgbáyé (public transport) lọ sí ibi iṣẹ́, nígbà tí 51.9% ń lo ọkọ̀ aládàáni (private car).<ref name=SFSO/> ==Ẹṣin== [[File:Evangelische Kirche Hugelshofen, Gemeinde Kemmental.jpg|thumb|Reformed Church in Hugelshofen]] Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, mẹ́fàlélọ́gọ́ta ó lé ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún méjìlélọ́gọ́rin (523) ènìyàn, tó jẹ́ 23.9%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí ọ̀ọ́dúnrún kan ó lé ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgbọ̀n-dín-lọ́gọ́rin (1,359), tó jẹ́ 62.1%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church. Nínú àwọn yòókù, ọ̀kan (1) jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Old Catholic (Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland). mẹ́tàlélọ́gbọ̀n (23) ènìyàn, tó jẹ́ 1.05%, jẹ́ ọmọ Ìjọ Orthodox; àti ọgọ́rin-mẹ́jọ (68), tó jẹ́ 3.11%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Kristẹni míràn. ọ̀kanlélọ́ọ́dún (11), tó jẹ́ 0.50%, jẹ́ Musulumi. méjì (2), tó jẹ́ 0.09%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ míràn tí kò sí nínú àkọsílẹ̀ ìkànìyàn. ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́rìndínlógún (166), tó jẹ́ 7.58%, kò ní ìjọ kankan, wọ́n jẹ́ agnostic tàbí atheist. Nígbà tí ọgbọ̀n-dín-lọ́gọ́rin (36), tó jẹ́ 1.64%, kò dáhùn ìbéèrè náà.<ref>[http://www.statistik.tg.ch/xml_8/internet/de/application/d10460/d10631/f10494.cfm Statistical Office of Thurgau] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418193810/http://www.statistik.tg.ch/xml_8/internet/de/application/d10460/d10631/f10494.cfm |date=2010-04-18 }}, MS Excel document – ''Wohnbevölkerung Gemeinden nach religiöser Zugehörigkeit, Jahr 2000'' {{in lang|de}} accessed 23 June 2010</ref> ==Ìrìn àjò (Transport)== Kemmental wà lórí ọ̀nà ọkọ̀ ojú irin Wil–Kreuzlingen, láàárín Weinfelden àti Kreuzlingen, a sì máa ń sin ìlú náà nípasẹ̀ St. Gallen S-Bahn ní ibùdó ọkọ̀ ojú irin Siegershausen. ==itokasi== nffznf91lhk6hw7tq3h1r7ydbv1wnxh 0 80812 625040 2026-07-02T10:36:49Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 Ṣ'èdá ojúewé pẹ̀lú "{{For|the town in France|Kappelen, Haut-Rhin}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kappelen|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=KappelenBEKircheUndGemeindehaus.JPG|image_caption=Kappelen village church and town hall|imagepath_coa=CHE Kappelen BE COA.svg|imagepath_flag=CHE Kappelen BE Flag.svg|canton=Bern|iso-code-region=CH-BE|district=[[Seeland (administrative district)|Seeland]]|coordinates={{coord|47|4|N|7|16|E|displa..." 625040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the town in France|Kappelen, Haut-Rhin}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kappelen|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=KappelenBEKircheUndGemeindehaus.JPG|image_caption=Kappelen village church and town hall|imagepath_coa=CHE Kappelen BE COA.svg|imagepath_flag=CHE Kappelen BE Flag.svg|canton=Bern|iso-code-region=CH-BE|district=[[Seeland (administrative district)|Seeland]]|coordinates={{coord|47|4|N|7|16|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=3273|municipality_code=0305|area=10.98|elevation=437|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0305}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}}|website=kappelen.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Aarberg]], [[Bargen, Bern|Bargen]], [[Bühl bei Aarberg|Bühl]], [[Hermrigen]], [[Jens, Switzerland|Jens]], [[Lyss]], [[Merzligen]], [[Walperswil]], [[Worben]]|twintowns=}} '''Kappelen''' ({{langx|fr|'''Chapelle'''}}) is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the [[Seeland (administrative district)|Seeland administrative district]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]]. dcgiwirl9kr5xjeg7124n6wy8dsnah3 625041 625040 2026-07-02T10:37:49Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the town in France|Kappelen, Haut-Rhin}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kappelen|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=KappelenBEKircheUndGemeindehaus.JPG|image_caption=Kappelen village church and town hall|imagepath_coa=CHE Kappelen BE COA.svg|imagepath_flag=CHE Kappelen BE Flag.svg|canton=Bern|iso-code-region=CH-BE|district=[[Seeland (administrative district)|Seeland]]|coordinates={{coord|47|4|N|7|16|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=3273|municipality_code=0305|area=10.98|elevation=437|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0305}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}}|website=kappelen.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Aarberg]], [[Bargen, Bern|Bargen]], [[Bühl bei Aarberg|Bühl]], [[Hermrigen]], [[Jens, Switzerland|Jens]], [[Lyss]], [[Merzligen]], [[Walperswil]], [[Worben]]|twintowns=}} Kappelen (Chapelle) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Seeland, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. 4t5gj1owthvaonjzoif8tldtnl8jmpv 625042 625041 2026-07-02T10:38:11Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the town in France|Kappelen, Haut-Rhin}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kappelen|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=KappelenBEKircheUndGemeindehaus.JPG|image_caption=Kappelen village church and town hall|imagepath_coa=CHE Kappelen BE COA.svg|imagepath_flag=CHE Kappelen BE Flag.svg|canton=Bern|iso-code-region=CH-BE|district=[[Seeland (administrative district)|Seeland]]|coordinates={{coord|47|4|N|7|16|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=3273|municipality_code=0305|area=10.98|elevation=437|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0305}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}}|website=kappelen.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Aarberg]], [[Bargen, Bern|Bargen]], [[Bühl bei Aarberg|Bühl]], [[Hermrigen]], [[Jens, Switzerland|Jens]], [[Lyss]], [[Merzligen]], [[Walperswil]], [[Worben]]|twintowns=}} Kappelen (Chapelle) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Seeland, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==itokasi == p4jvnb7mx4jf8o7k8icao7f3lew5i8r 625043 625042 2026-07-02T10:39:07Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the town in France|Kappelen, Haut-Rhin}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kappelen|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=KappelenBEKircheUndGemeindehaus.JPG|image_caption=Kappelen village church and town hall|imagepath_coa=CHE Kappelen BE COA.svg|imagepath_flag=CHE Kappelen BE Flag.svg|canton=Bern|iso-code-region=CH-BE|district=[[Seeland (administrative district)|Seeland]]|coordinates={{coord|47|4|N|7|16|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=3273|municipality_code=0305|area=10.98|elevation=437|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0305}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}}|website=kappelen.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Aarberg]], [[Bargen, Bern|Bargen]], [[Bühl bei Aarberg|Bühl]], [[Hermrigen]], [[Jens, Switzerland|Jens]], [[Lyss]], [[Merzligen]], [[Walperswil]], [[Worben]]|twintowns=}} Kappelen (Chapelle) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Seeland, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. Àmì apata (Coat of arms) Àpèjúwe (blazon) ti àmì apata ìlú náà ni: “Azure a Chapel Argent roofed Gules.”<ref>[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ch-be005.html Flags of the World.com] accessed 4 May 2012</ref> Ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ni pé àyà àpẹẹrẹ jẹ́ aláwọ̀ bulu (azure), pẹ̀lú ilé ìjọ (chapel) aláwọ̀ fàdákà tí orí rẹ̀ jẹ́ pupa (roofed gules). Nítorí pé “Kappelle” (tabi chapel) túmọ̀ sí ilé ìjọ kékeré, àmì apata yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ canting arms, ìyẹn àmì apata tí orúkọ ìlú náà ń fi hàn nínú àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀. ==itokasi == e8vkh88ol7tl5v1f71dwkh35l3136bp 625044 625043 2026-07-02T10:40:09Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the town in France|Kappelen, Haut-Rhin}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kappelen|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=KappelenBEKircheUndGemeindehaus.JPG|image_caption=Kappelen village church and town hall|imagepath_coa=CHE Kappelen BE COA.svg|imagepath_flag=CHE Kappelen BE Flag.svg|canton=Bern|iso-code-region=CH-BE|district=[[Seeland (administrative district)|Seeland]]|coordinates={{coord|47|4|N|7|16|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=3273|municipality_code=0305|area=10.98|elevation=437|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0305}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}}|website=kappelen.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Aarberg]], [[Bargen, Bern|Bargen]], [[Bühl bei Aarberg|Bühl]], [[Hermrigen]], [[Jens, Switzerland|Jens]], [[Lyss]], [[Merzligen]], [[Walperswil]], [[Worben]]|twintowns=}} Kappelen (Chapelle) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Seeland, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Àmì apata (Coat of arms)== Àpèjúwe (blazon) ti àmì apata ìlú náà ni: “Azure a Chapel Argent roofed Gules.”<ref>[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ch-be005.html Flags of the World.com] accessed 4 May 2012</ref> Ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ni pé àyà àpẹẹrẹ jẹ́ aláwọ̀ bulu (azure), pẹ̀lú ilé ìjọ (chapel) aláwọ̀ fàdákà tí orí rẹ̀ jẹ́ pupa (roofed gules). Nítorí pé “Kappelle” (tabi chapel) túmọ̀ sí ilé ìjọ kékeré, àmì apata yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ canting arms, ìyẹn àmì apata tí orúkọ ìlú náà ń fi hàn nínú àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀. Ìṣèlú (Politics) Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2007, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP, tí ó gba 52.84% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: SPS pẹ̀lú 15.52%, FDP pẹ̀lú 9.83%, àti Green Party pẹ̀lú 7.98%. Apapọ ìbò ọ̀ọ́dúnrún mẹ́fàlélọ́gọ́rin (377) ni a dì nínú ìdìbò yìí, àti pé 44.8% ni ìdíwọ̀n ìfarahàn (voter turnout). ==itokasi == smu37eugwuuocqs65jusfb7dtgeg0zp 625045 625044 2026-07-02T10:41:25Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the town in France|Kappelen, Haut-Rhin}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kappelen|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=KappelenBEKircheUndGemeindehaus.JPG|image_caption=Kappelen village church and town hall|imagepath_coa=CHE Kappelen BE COA.svg|imagepath_flag=CHE Kappelen BE Flag.svg|canton=Bern|iso-code-region=CH-BE|district=[[Seeland (administrative district)|Seeland]]|coordinates={{coord|47|4|N|7|16|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=3273|municipality_code=0305|area=10.98|elevation=437|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0305}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}}|website=kappelen.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Aarberg]], [[Bargen, Bern|Bargen]], [[Bühl bei Aarberg|Bühl]], [[Hermrigen]], [[Jens, Switzerland|Jens]], [[Lyss]], [[Merzligen]], [[Walperswil]], [[Worben]]|twintowns=}} Kappelen (Chapelle) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Seeland, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Àmì apata (Coat of arms)== Àpèjúwe (blazon) ti àmì apata ìlú náà ni: “Azure a Chapel Argent roofed Gules.”<ref>[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ch-be005.html Flags of the World.com] accessed 4 May 2012</ref> Ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ni pé àyà àpẹẹrẹ jẹ́ aláwọ̀ bulu (azure), pẹ̀lú ilé ìjọ (chapel) aláwọ̀ fàdákà tí orí rẹ̀ jẹ́ pupa (roofed gules). Nítorí pé “Kappelle” (tabi chapel) túmọ̀ sí ilé ìjọ kékeré, àmì apata yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ canting arms, ìyẹn àmì apata tí orúkọ ìlú náà ń fi hàn nínú àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀. ==Oṣèlú (Politics)== Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2007, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP, tí ó gba 52.84% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: SPS pẹ̀lú 15.52%, FDP pẹ̀lú 9.83%, àti Green Party pẹ̀lú 7.98%. Apapọ ìbò ọ̀ọ́dúnrún mẹ́fàlélọ́gọ́rin (377) ni a dì nínú ìdìbò yìí, àti pé 44.8% ni ìdíwọ̀n ìfarahàn (voter turnout). ==itokasi == qkou37igwuyxlqa8ihjewmxkc1bunz5 625046 625045 2026-07-02T10:42:32Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the town in France|Kappelen, Haut-Rhin}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kappelen|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=KappelenBEKircheUndGemeindehaus.JPG|image_caption=Kappelen village church and town hall|imagepath_coa=CHE Kappelen BE COA.svg|imagepath_flag=CHE Kappelen BE Flag.svg|canton=Bern|iso-code-region=CH-BE|district=[[Seeland (administrative district)|Seeland]]|coordinates={{coord|47|4|N|7|16|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=3273|municipality_code=0305|area=10.98|elevation=437|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0305}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}}|website=kappelen.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Aarberg]], [[Bargen, Bern|Bargen]], [[Bühl bei Aarberg|Bühl]], [[Hermrigen]], [[Jens, Switzerland|Jens]], [[Lyss]], [[Merzligen]], [[Walperswil]], [[Worben]]|twintowns=}} Kappelen (Chapelle) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Seeland, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Àmì apata (Coat of arms)== Àpèjúwe (blazon) ti àmì apata ìlú náà ni: “Azure a Chapel Argent roofed Gules.”<ref>[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ch-be005.html Flags of the World.com] accessed 4 May 2012</ref> Ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ni pé àyà àpẹẹrẹ jẹ́ aláwọ̀ bulu (azure), pẹ̀lú ilé ìjọ (chapel) aláwọ̀ fàdákà tí orí rẹ̀ jẹ́ pupa (roofed gules). Nítorí pé “Kappelle” (tabi chapel) túmọ̀ sí ilé ìjọ kékeré, àmì apata yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ canting arms, ìyẹn àmì apata tí orúkọ ìlú náà ń fi hàn nínú àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀. ==Oṣèlú (Politics)== Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2007, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP, tí ó gba 52.84% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: SPS pẹ̀lú 15.52%, FDP pẹ̀lú 9.83%, àti Green Party pẹ̀lú 7.98%. Apapọ ìbò ọ̀ọ́dúnrún mẹ́fàlélọ́gọ́rin (377) ni a dì nínú ìdìbò yìí, àti pé 44.8% ni ìdíwọ̀n ìfarahàn (voter turnout). Ìsìn (Religion) Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, ọgọ́ta-dín-mẹ́jọ (67) ènìyàn, tó jẹ́ 6.0%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí ọ̀ọ́dúnrún méjìlélọ́gọ́rin (822), tó jẹ́ 73.9%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church. Nínú àwọn yòókù, márùn-ún (5), tó jẹ́ 0.45%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Orthodox; àti ọgbọ̀n-mẹ́rin (34), tó jẹ́ 3.06%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Kristẹni míràn. ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́wàa (90), tó jẹ́ 8.09%, jẹ́ Musulumi. ọ̀kan (1) jẹ́ Hindu, àti ọ̀kan (1) tún jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ míràn tí kò sí nínú àkọsílẹ̀. ọgọ́ta-dín-márùn-ún (65), tó jẹ́ 5.85%, kò ní ìjọ kankan, wọ́n jẹ́ agnostic tàbí atheist. Nígbà tí ọgbọ̀n-mẹ́ta (43), tó jẹ́ 3.87%, kò dáhùn ìbéèrè náà.<ref name=STAT2000/> ==itokasi == oxcg3ojijwr2qd0vyogx9t10q94gz1k 625047 625046 2026-07-02T10:42:54Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the town in France|Kappelen, Haut-Rhin}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kappelen|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=KappelenBEKircheUndGemeindehaus.JPG|image_caption=Kappelen village church and town hall|imagepath_coa=CHE Kappelen BE COA.svg|imagepath_flag=CHE Kappelen BE Flag.svg|canton=Bern|iso-code-region=CH-BE|district=[[Seeland (administrative district)|Seeland]]|coordinates={{coord|47|4|N|7|16|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=3273|municipality_code=0305|area=10.98|elevation=437|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0305}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}}|website=kappelen.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Aarberg]], [[Bargen, Bern|Bargen]], [[Bühl bei Aarberg|Bühl]], [[Hermrigen]], [[Jens, Switzerland|Jens]], [[Lyss]], [[Merzligen]], [[Walperswil]], [[Worben]]|twintowns=}} Kappelen (Chapelle) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Seeland, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Àmì apata (Coat of arms)== Àpèjúwe (blazon) ti àmì apata ìlú náà ni: “Azure a Chapel Argent roofed Gules.”<ref>[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ch-be005.html Flags of the World.com] accessed 4 May 2012</ref> Ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ni pé àyà àpẹẹrẹ jẹ́ aláwọ̀ bulu (azure), pẹ̀lú ilé ìjọ (chapel) aláwọ̀ fàdákà tí orí rẹ̀ jẹ́ pupa (roofed gules). Nítorí pé “Kappelle” (tabi chapel) túmọ̀ sí ilé ìjọ kékeré, àmì apata yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ canting arms, ìyẹn àmì apata tí orúkọ ìlú náà ń fi hàn nínú àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀. ==Oṣèlú (Politics)== Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2007, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP, tí ó gba 52.84% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: SPS pẹ̀lú 15.52%, FDP pẹ̀lú 9.83%, àti Green Party pẹ̀lú 7.98%. Apapọ ìbò ọ̀ọ́dúnrún mẹ́fàlélọ́gọ́rin (377) ni a dì nínú ìdìbò yìí, àti pé 44.8% ni ìdíwọ̀n ìfarahàn (voter turnout). ==Ìsìn (Religion)== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, ọgọ́ta-dín-mẹ́jọ (67) ènìyàn, tó jẹ́ 6.0%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí ọ̀ọ́dúnrún méjìlélọ́gọ́rin (822), tó jẹ́ 73.9%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church. Nínú àwọn yòókù, márùn-ún (5), tó jẹ́ 0.45%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Orthodox; àti ọgbọ̀n-mẹ́rin (34), tó jẹ́ 3.06%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Kristẹni míràn. ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́wàa (90), tó jẹ́ 8.09%, jẹ́ Musulumi. ọ̀kan (1) jẹ́ Hindu, àti ọ̀kan (1) tún jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ míràn tí kò sí nínú àkọsílẹ̀. ọgọ́ta-dín-márùn-ún (65), tó jẹ́ 5.85%, kò ní ìjọ kankan, wọ́n jẹ́ agnostic tàbí atheist. Nígbà tí ọgbọ̀n-mẹ́ta (43), tó jẹ́ 3.87%, kò dáhùn ìbéèrè náà.<ref name=STAT2000/> ==itokasi == si97377zjamu86o9oish5vrfjj6vmtg 625048 625047 2026-07-02T10:44:19Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the town in France|Kappelen, Haut-Rhin}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}{{Infobox Swiss town||subject_name=Kappelen|municipality_type=municipality|image_photo=KappelenBEKircheUndGemeindehaus.JPG|image_caption=Kappelen village church and town hall|imagepath_coa=CHE Kappelen BE COA.svg|imagepath_flag=CHE Kappelen BE Flag.svg|canton=Bern|iso-code-region=CH-BE|district=[[Seeland (administrative district)|Seeland]]|coordinates={{coord|47|4|N|7|16|E|display=inline,title}}|postal_code=3273|municipality_code=0305|area=10.98|elevation=437|elevation_description=|population={{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0305}}|populationof={{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|popofyear={{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}}|website=kappelen.ch|mayor=|mayor_asof=|mayor_party=|mayor_title=|list_of_mayors=|places=|demonym=|neighboring_municipalities=[[Aarberg]], [[Bargen, Bern|Bargen]], [[Bühl bei Aarberg|Bühl]], [[Hermrigen]], [[Jens, Switzerland|Jens]], [[Lyss]], [[Merzligen]], [[Walperswil]], [[Worben]]|twintowns=}} Kappelen (Chapelle) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè Seeland, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Ìrìn àjò (Transport)== Kappelen ni ilé sí Biel-Kappelen Airport, pápákọ̀ òfurufú kan tí ó ní kóòdù ICAO LSZP. ==Àmì apata (Coat of arms)== Àpèjúwe (blazon) ti àmì apata ìlú náà ni: “Azure a Chapel Argent roofed Gules.”<ref>[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ch-be005.html Flags of the World.com] accessed 4 May 2012</ref> Ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ni pé àyà àpẹẹrẹ jẹ́ aláwọ̀ bulu (azure), pẹ̀lú ilé ìjọ (chapel) aláwọ̀ fàdákà tí orí rẹ̀ jẹ́ pupa (roofed gules). Nítorí pé “Kappelle” (tabi chapel) túmọ̀ sí ilé ìjọ kékeré, àmì apata yìí jẹ́ àpẹẹrẹ canting arms, ìyẹn àmì apata tí orúkọ ìlú náà ń fi hàn nínú àpẹẹrẹ rẹ̀. ==Oṣèlú (Politics)== Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2007, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni SVP, tí ó gba 52.84% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: SPS pẹ̀lú 15.52%, FDP pẹ̀lú 9.83%, àti Green Party pẹ̀lú 7.98%. Apapọ ìbò ọ̀ọ́dúnrún mẹ́fàlélọ́gọ́rin (377) ni a dì nínú ìdìbò yìí, àti pé 44.8% ni ìdíwọ̀n ìfarahàn (voter turnout). ==Ìsìn (Religion)== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, ọgọ́ta-dín-mẹ́jọ (67) ènìyàn, tó jẹ́ 6.0%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí ọ̀ọ́dúnrún méjìlélọ́gọ́rin (822), tó jẹ́ 73.9%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church. Nínú àwọn yòókù, márùn-ún (5), tó jẹ́ 0.45%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Orthodox; àti ọgbọ̀n-mẹ́rin (34), tó jẹ́ 3.06%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Kristẹni míràn. ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́wàa (90), tó jẹ́ 8.09%, jẹ́ Musulumi. ọ̀kan (1) jẹ́ Hindu, àti ọ̀kan (1) tún jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ míràn tí kò sí nínú àkọsílẹ̀. ọgọ́ta-dín-márùn-ún (65), tó jẹ́ 5.85%, kò ní ìjọ kankan, wọ́n jẹ́ agnostic tàbí atheist. Nígbà tí ọgbọ̀n-mẹ́ta (43), tó jẹ́ 3.87%, kò dáhùn ìbéèrè náà.<ref name=STAT2000/> ==itokasi == 8ta1w7ktymehp8ujamokd2dozh4oqhn 0 80813 625049 2026-07-02T10:49:43Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 Ṣ'èdá ojúewé pẹ̀lú "{{short description|Commune in Grand Est, France}} {{Infobox French commune |name = Kappelen |native name = Chàppala |commune status = [[Communes of France|Commune]] |image = Kappelen, Mairie-école.jpg |caption = The town hall and school of Kappelen |image coat of arms = Blason de la ville de Kappelen (68).svg |arrondissement = Mulhouse |canton = Brunstatt-Didenh..." 625049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Commune in Grand Est, France}} {{Infobox French commune |name = Kappelen |native name = Chàppala |commune status = [[Communes of France|Commune]] |image = Kappelen, Mairie-école.jpg |caption = The town hall and school of Kappelen |image coat of arms = Blason de la ville de Kappelen (68).svg |arrondissement = Mulhouse |canton = Brunstatt-Didenheim |INSEE = 68160 |postal code = 68510 |mayor = Guillaume Gabriel<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/en/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=9 August 2021|language=fr}}</ref> |term = 2020&ndash;2026 |intercommunality = [[Saint-Louis Agglomération]] |coordinates = {{coord|47.6192|7.4386|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |elevation m = 325 |elevation min m = 996 |elevation max m = 1371 |area km2 = 5.15 |population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}} |population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}} |population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}} }} '''Kappelen''' ({{IPA|fr|kapɛlɛn|pron}}; [[Alsatian language|Alsatian]]: ''Chàppala''<ref>[http://pagesperso-orange.fr/culture.alsace/villes_villages.htm Noms autochtones de villages alsaciens]</ref> {{IPA|gsw|ˈxɔpala|pron}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Haut-Rhin]] [[Departments of France|department]] in [[Alsace]] in north-eastern [[France]]. 6qhf8giooh5azc0f72y2acn9isok9eh 625050 625049 2026-07-02T10:50:25Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Commune in Grand Est, France}} {{Infobox French commune |name = Kappelen |native name = Chàppala |commune status = [[Communes of France|Commune]] |image = Kappelen, Mairie-école.jpg |caption = The town hall and school of Kappelen |image coat of arms = Blason de la ville de Kappelen (68).svg |arrondissement = Mulhouse |canton = Brunstatt-Didenheim |INSEE = 68160 |postal code = 68510 |mayor = Guillaume Gabriel<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/en/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=9 August 2021|language=fr}}</ref> |term = 2020&ndash;2026 |intercommunality = [[Saint-Louis Agglomération]] |coordinates = {{coord|47.6192|7.4386|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |elevation m = 325 |elevation min m = 996 |elevation max m = 1371 |area km2 = 5.15 |population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}} |population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}} |population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}} }} '''Kappelen''' ({{IPA|fr|kapɛlɛn|pron}}; [[Alsatian language|Alsatian]]: ''Chàppala''<ref>[http://pagesperso-orange.fr/culture.alsace/villes_villages.htm Noms autochtones de villages alsaciens]</ref> {{IPA|gsw|ˈxɔpala|pron}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Haut-Rhin]] [[Departments of France|department]] in [[Alsace]] in north-eastern [[France]]. ==itokasi == mjeih77zbstgvxgikv081zrib2z20t5 625051 625050 2026-07-02T10:51:19Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Commune in Grand Est, France}} {{Infobox French commune |name = Kappelen |native name = Chàppala |commune status = [[Communes of France|Commune]] |image = Kappelen, Mairie-école.jpg |caption = The town hall and school of Kappelen |image coat of arms = Blason de la ville de Kappelen (68).svg |arrondissement = Mulhouse |canton = Brunstatt-Didenheim |INSEE = 68160 |postal code = 68510 |mayor = Guillaume Gabriel<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/en/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=9 August 2021|language=fr}}</ref> |term = 2020&ndash;2026 |intercommunality = [[Saint-Louis Agglomération]] |coordinates = {{coord|47.6192|7.4386|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |elevation m = 325 |elevation min m = 996 |elevation max m = 1371 |area km2 = 5.15 |population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}} |population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}} |population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}} }} '''Kappelen''' (fr; Alsatian: Chàppala) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (commune) kan ní Haut-Rhin department, ní agbègbè Alsace, ní ìhà àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn orílẹ̀-èdè France. ==itokasi == nddwqdos2080fvberxngbmctaqt339i 625052 625051 2026-07-02T10:52:12Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Commune in Grand Est, France}} {{Infobox French commune |name = Kappelen |native name = Chàppala |commune status = [[Communes of France|Commune]] |image = Kappelen, Mairie-école.jpg |caption = The town hall and school of Kappelen |image coat of arms = Blason de la ville de Kappelen (68).svg |arrondissement = Mulhouse |canton = Brunstatt-Didenheim |INSEE = 68160 |postal code = 68510 |mayor = Guillaume Gabriel<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/en/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=9 August 2021|language=fr}}</ref> |term = 2020&ndash;2026 |intercommunality = [[Saint-Louis Agglomération]] |coordinates = {{coord|47.6192|7.4386|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |elevation m = 325 |elevation min m = 996 |elevation max m = 1371 |area km2 = 5.15 |population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}} |population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}} |population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}} }} '''Kappelen''' (fr; Alsatian: Chàppala) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (commune) kan ní Haut-Rhin department, ní agbègbè Alsace, ní ìhà àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn orílẹ̀-èdè France. ==Population== {{Historical populations |source = INSEE<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8643952?geo=COM-68160#tableau-POPREF_G1 Population municipale entre 1968 et 2023], INSEE</ref> |percentages = pagr |align = none |1968 |290 |1975 |324 |1982 |369 |1990 |412 |1999 |499 |2007 |511 |2012 |552 |2017 |587 |2023 |573 }} ==itokasi == dson6bipik06w15x00tqyloqfrz2bnt 625053 625052 2026-07-02T10:53:03Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* olùgbé */ 625053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Commune in Grand Est, France}} {{Infobox French commune |name = Kappelen |native name = Chàppala |commune status = [[Communes of France|Commune]] |image = Kappelen, Mairie-école.jpg |caption = The town hall and school of Kappelen |image coat of arms = Blason de la ville de Kappelen (68).svg |arrondissement = Mulhouse |canton = Brunstatt-Didenheim |INSEE = 68160 |postal code = 68510 |mayor = Guillaume Gabriel<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/en/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=9 August 2021|language=fr}}</ref> |term = 2020&ndash;2026 |intercommunality = [[Saint-Louis Agglomération]] |coordinates = {{coord|47.6192|7.4386|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |elevation m = 325 |elevation min m = 996 |elevation max m = 1371 |area km2 = 5.15 |population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}} |population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}} |population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}} }} '''Kappelen''' (fr; Alsatian: Chàppala) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (commune) kan ní Haut-Rhin department, ní agbègbè Alsace, ní ìhà àríwá-ìlà-oòrùn orílẹ̀-èdè France. ==olùgbé== {{Historical populations |source = INSEE<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8643952?geo=COM-68160#tableau-POPREF_G1 Population municipale entre 1968 et 2023], INSEE</ref> |percentages = pagr |align = none |1968 |290 |1975 |324 |1982 |369 |1990 |412 |1999 |499 |2007 |511 |2012 |552 |2017 |587 |2023 |573 }} ==itokasi == o4hvhm32fkqksiy6vs50u6zdwulpgwo 0 80814 625054 2026-07-02T10:55:16Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 Ṣ'èdá ojúewé pẹ̀lú "{{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kandergrund | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Kandergrund1.jpg | image_caption = Kandergrund village | imagepath_coa = CHE Kandergrund COA.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Kandergrund Flag.svg | canton = Bern | iso-code-region = CH-BE | district = [[Frutigen-Niedersimmental (administrative district)|Frutigen-Niedersimmental]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|33|N|7|40|E|display=inline,ti..." 625054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kandergrund | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Kandergrund1.jpg | image_caption = Kandergrund village | imagepath_coa = CHE Kandergrund COA.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Kandergrund Flag.svg | canton = Bern | iso-code-region = CH-BE | district = [[Frutigen-Niedersimmental (administrative district)|Frutigen-Niedersimmental]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|33|N|7|40|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3716 | municipality_code = 0564 | area = 32.1 | elevation = 800|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0564}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}} | website = www.kandergrund.ch | mayor = Roland Stoller<ref name=Mayor>[https://www.kandergrund.ch/behoerden/gemeinderat Gemeinderat] 2025 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 27 may 2026</ref>|mayor_asof=2026|mayor_party= | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 5 | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident(in) |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Frutigen]], [[Kandersteg]], [[Reichenbach im Kandertal]] | twintowns = |}} '''Kandergrund''' ({{IPA|de-CH|ˈkandərˌɡrʊnd}}) is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the [[Frutigen-Niedersimmental (administrative district)|Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]]. cm3ok82bmzizg8ai1s4qmwho4zuhza0 625055 625054 2026-07-02T10:56:29Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kandergrund | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Kandergrund1.jpg | image_caption = Kandergrund village | imagepath_coa = CHE Kandergrund COA.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Kandergrund Flag.svg | canton = Bern | iso-code-region = CH-BE | district = [[Frutigen-Niedersimmental (administrative district)|Frutigen-Niedersimmental]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|33|N|7|40|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3716 | municipality_code = 0564 | area = 32.1 | elevation = 800|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0564}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}} | website = www.kandergrund.ch | mayor = Roland Stoller<ref name=Mayor>[https://www.kandergrund.ch/behoerden/gemeinderat Gemeinderat] 2025 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 27 may 2026</ref>|mayor_asof=2026|mayor_party= | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 5 | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident(in) |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Frutigen]], [[Kandersteg]], [[Reichenbach im Kandertal]] | twintowns = |}} '''Kandergrund''' (IPA: ˈkandərˌɡrʊnd) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè iṣakoso Frutigen-Niedersimmental, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. lrm5brpbegbo7n3v9a8u9htpn5xfocv 625056 625055 2026-07-02T10:56:51Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kandergrund | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Kandergrund1.jpg | image_caption = Kandergrund village | imagepath_coa = CHE Kandergrund COA.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Kandergrund Flag.svg | canton = Bern | iso-code-region = CH-BE | district = [[Frutigen-Niedersimmental (administrative district)|Frutigen-Niedersimmental]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|33|N|7|40|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3716 | municipality_code = 0564 | area = 32.1 | elevation = 800|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0564}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}} | website = www.kandergrund.ch | mayor = Roland Stoller<ref name=Mayor>[https://www.kandergrund.ch/behoerden/gemeinderat Gemeinderat] 2025 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 27 may 2026</ref>|mayor_asof=2026|mayor_party= | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 5 | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident(in) |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Frutigen]], [[Kandersteg]], [[Reichenbach im Kandertal]] | twintowns = |}} '''Kandergrund''' (IPA: ˈkandərˌɡrʊnd) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè iṣakoso Frutigen-Niedersimmental, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==itokasi == ab888pyp3ewf9yje34tebuozahutpun 625057 625056 2026-07-02T10:57:49Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kandergrund | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Kandergrund1.jpg | image_caption = Kandergrund village | imagepath_coa = CHE Kandergrund COA.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Kandergrund Flag.svg | canton = Bern | iso-code-region = CH-BE | district = [[Frutigen-Niedersimmental (administrative district)|Frutigen-Niedersimmental]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|33|N|7|40|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3716 | municipality_code = 0564 | area = 32.1 | elevation = 800|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0564}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}} | website = www.kandergrund.ch | mayor = Roland Stoller<ref name=Mayor>[https://www.kandergrund.ch/behoerden/gemeinderat Gemeinderat] 2025 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 27 may 2026</ref>|mayor_asof=2026|mayor_party= | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 5 | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident(in) |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Frutigen]], [[Kandersteg]], [[Reichenbach im Kandertal]] | twintowns = |}} '''Kandergrund''' (IPA: ˈkandərˌɡrʊnd) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè iṣakoso Frutigen-Niedersimmental, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Oṣèlú (Politics)== Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2011, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni Swiss People's Party (SVP), tí ó gba 65.9% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) pẹ̀lú 12.7%, Social Democratic Party (SP) pẹ̀lú 4.8%, àti Green Liberal Party (GLP) pẹ̀lú 4.6%. Apapọ ìbò ọ̀ọ́dúnrún mẹ́fà (360) ni a dì nínú ìdìbò yìí, àti pé 54.6% ni ìdíwọ̀n ìfarahàn (voter turnout). ==itokasi == 4z9mn5lglqkum0gi0xnoquwf5visaev 625058 625057 2026-07-02T10:58:28Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kandergrund | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Kandergrund1.jpg | image_caption = Kandergrund village | imagepath_coa = CHE Kandergrund COA.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Kandergrund Flag.svg | canton = Bern | iso-code-region = CH-BE | district = [[Frutigen-Niedersimmental (administrative district)|Frutigen-Niedersimmental]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|33|N|7|40|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3716 | municipality_code = 0564 | area = 32.1 | elevation = 800|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0564}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}} | website = www.kandergrund.ch | mayor = Roland Stoller<ref name=Mayor>[https://www.kandergrund.ch/behoerden/gemeinderat Gemeinderat] 2025 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 27 may 2026</ref>|mayor_asof=2026|mayor_party= | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 5 | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident(in) |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Frutigen]], [[Kandersteg]], [[Reichenbach im Kandertal]] | twintowns = |}} '''Kandergrund''' (IPA: ˈkandərˌɡrʊnd) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè iṣakoso Frutigen-Niedersimmental, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Oṣèlú (Politics)== Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2011, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni Swiss People's Party (SVP), tí ó gba 65.9% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) pẹ̀lú 12.7%, Social Democratic Party (SP) pẹ̀lú 4.8%, àti Green Liberal Party (GLP) pẹ̀lú 4.6%. Apapọ ìbò ọ̀ọ́dúnrún mẹ́fà (360) ni a dì nínú ìdìbò yìí, àti pé 54.6% ni ìdíwọ̀n ìfarahàn (voter turnout). ==Heritage sites of national significance== The ruin of [[Felsenburg (Kandergrund)|Felsenburg]] Castle is listed as a Swiss [[Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance|heritage site of national significance]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |title=Kantonsliste A-Objekte |year=2009 |work=KGS Inventar |publisher=Federal Office of Civil Protection |language=German |accessdate=25 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628110559/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |archive-date=28 June 2010 }}</ref> The castle ruins of Felsenburg were built in the 12th century, but was abandoned by 1400 and fell into ruins. Currently, only the tower and sections of the walls are visible.<ref name=HDS_Felsenburg>{{HDS|11156|Felsenburg}}</ref> ==itokasi == 4qvp7slu3b39z4hapt5u0badu6vmmpj 625059 625058 2026-07-02T10:59:24Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kandergrund | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Kandergrund1.jpg | image_caption = Kandergrund village | imagepath_coa = CHE Kandergrund COA.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Kandergrund Flag.svg | canton = Bern | iso-code-region = CH-BE | district = [[Frutigen-Niedersimmental (administrative district)|Frutigen-Niedersimmental]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|33|N|7|40|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3716 | municipality_code = 0564 | area = 32.1 | elevation = 800|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0564}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}} | website = www.kandergrund.ch | mayor = Roland Stoller<ref name=Mayor>[https://www.kandergrund.ch/behoerden/gemeinderat Gemeinderat] 2025 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 27 may 2026</ref>|mayor_asof=2026|mayor_party= | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 5 | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident(in) |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Frutigen]], [[Kandersteg]], [[Reichenbach im Kandertal]] | twintowns = |}} '''Kandergrund''' (IPA: ˈkandərˌɡrʊnd) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè iṣakoso Frutigen-Niedersimmental, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Oṣèlú (Politics)== Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2011, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni Swiss People's Party (SVP), tí ó gba 65.9% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) pẹ̀lú 12.7%, Social Democratic Party (SP) pẹ̀lú 4.8%, àti Green Liberal Party (GLP) pẹ̀lú 4.6%. Apapọ ìbò ọ̀ọ́dúnrún mẹ́fà (360) ni a dì nínú ìdìbò yìí, àti pé 54.6% ni ìdíwọ̀n ìfarahàn (voter turnout). ==Àwọn ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè (Heritage sites of national significance)== Ìparun Felsenburg Castle ni a ti kà sí ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland tó ní ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gíga (heritage site of national significance) gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkójọ ohun-ini àṣà orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |title=Kantonsliste A-Objekte |year=2009 |work=KGS Inventar |publisher=Federal Office of Civil Protection |language=German |accessdate=25 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628110559/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |archive-date=28 June 2010 }}</ref> The castle ruins of Felsenburg were built in the 12th century, but was abandoned by 1400 and fell into ruins. Currently, only the tower and sections of the walls are visible.<ref name=HDS_Felsenburg>{{HDS|11156|Felsenburg}}</ref> ==itokasi == nqm0l2ltzekprp1aq0jvpnm7lvojbq8 625060 625059 2026-07-02T11:00:07Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kandergrund | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Kandergrund1.jpg | image_caption = Kandergrund village | imagepath_coa = CHE Kandergrund COA.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Kandergrund Flag.svg | canton = Bern | iso-code-region = CH-BE | district = [[Frutigen-Niedersimmental (administrative district)|Frutigen-Niedersimmental]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|33|N|7|40|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3716 | municipality_code = 0564 | area = 32.1 | elevation = 800|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0564}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}} | website = www.kandergrund.ch | mayor = Roland Stoller<ref name=Mayor>[https://www.kandergrund.ch/behoerden/gemeinderat Gemeinderat] 2025 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 27 may 2026</ref>|mayor_asof=2026|mayor_party= | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 5 | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident(in) |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Frutigen]], [[Kandersteg]], [[Reichenbach im Kandertal]] | twintowns = |}} '''Kandergrund''' (IPA: ˈkandərˌɡrʊnd) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè iṣakoso Frutigen-Niedersimmental, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Oṣèlú (Politics)== Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2011, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni Swiss People's Party (SVP), tí ó gba 65.9% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) pẹ̀lú 12.7%, Social Democratic Party (SP) pẹ̀lú 4.8%, àti Green Liberal Party (GLP) pẹ̀lú 4.6%. Apapọ ìbò ọ̀ọ́dúnrún mẹ́fà (360) ni a dì nínú ìdìbò yìí, àti pé 54.6% ni ìdíwọ̀n ìfarahàn (voter turnout). ==Àwọn ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè (Heritage sites of national significance)== Ìparun Felsenburg Castle ni a ti kà sí ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland tó ní ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gíga (heritage site of national significance) gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkójọ ohun-ini àṣà orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |title=Kantonsliste A-Objekte |year=2009 |work=KGS Inventar |publisher=Federal Office of Civil Protection |language=German |accessdate=25 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628110559/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |archive-date=28 June 2010 }}</ref> Ìparun Felsenburg Castle ni a kọ́ ní ọ̀rúndún kejìlá (12th century), ṣùgbọ́n a fi sílẹ̀ ní àgbékalẹ̀ ní àárín ọdún 1400, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í bàjẹ́ títí di ìparun. Lónìí, ìtòlẹ́sẹẹsẹ ilé ìṣọ́ (tower) péré àti díẹ̀ nínú ògiri (walls) ni ó ṣì ń hàn.<ref name=HDS_Felsenburg>{{HDS|11156|Felsenburg}}</ref> ==itokasi == 86a18xe2pw5j05xm5s7t3rx7wbkt3dm 625061 625060 2026-07-02T11:02:08Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kandergrund | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Kandergrund1.jpg | image_caption = Kandergrund village | imagepath_coa = CHE Kandergrund COA.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Kandergrund Flag.svg | canton = Bern | iso-code-region = CH-BE | district = [[Frutigen-Niedersimmental (administrative district)|Frutigen-Niedersimmental]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|33|N|7|40|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3716 | municipality_code = 0564 | area = 32.1 | elevation = 800|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0564}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}} | website = www.kandergrund.ch | mayor = Roland Stoller<ref name=Mayor>[https://www.kandergrund.ch/behoerden/gemeinderat Gemeinderat] 2025 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 27 may 2026</ref>|mayor_asof=2026|mayor_party= | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 5 | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident(in) |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Frutigen]], [[Kandersteg]], [[Reichenbach im Kandertal]] | twintowns = |}} '''Kandergrund''' (IPA: ˈkandərˌɡrʊnd) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè iṣakoso Frutigen-Niedersimmental, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Oṣèlú (Politics)== Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2011, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni Swiss People's Party (SVP), tí ó gba 65.9% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) pẹ̀lú 12.7%, Social Democratic Party (SP) pẹ̀lú 4.8%, àti Green Liberal Party (GLP) pẹ̀lú 4.6%. Apapọ ìbò ọ̀ọ́dúnrún mẹ́fà (360) ni a dì nínú ìdìbò yìí, àti pé 54.6% ni ìdíwọ̀n ìfarahàn (voter turnout). ==Àwọn ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè (Heritage sites of national significance)== Ìparun Felsenburg Castle ni a ti kà sí ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland tó ní ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gíga (heritage site of national significance) gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkójọ ohun-ini àṣà orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |title=Kantonsliste A-Objekte |year=2009 |work=KGS Inventar |publisher=Federal Office of Civil Protection |language=German |accessdate=25 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628110559/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |archive-date=28 June 2010 }}</ref> Ìparun Felsenburg Castle ni a kọ́ ní ọ̀rúndún kejìlá (12th century), ṣùgbọ́n a fi sílẹ̀ ní àgbékalẹ̀ ní àárín ọdún 1400, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í bàjẹ́ títí di ìparun. Lónìí, ìtòlẹ́sẹẹsẹ ilé ìṣọ́ (tower) péré àti díẹ̀ nínú ògiri (walls) ni ó ṣì ń hàn.<ref name=HDS_Felsenburg>{{HDS|11156|Felsenburg}}</ref> ==Ìrìn àjò (Transport)== Ìlú náà wà lórí ọ̀nà ọkọ̀ ojú irin Lötschberg railway line, ṣùgbọ́n kò ní ibùdó ọkọ̀ ojú irin tirẹ̀. Dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, ibùdó ọkọ̀ ojú irin Kandersteg wà ní gúúsù, nígbà tí ibùdó Frutigen wà ní àríwá. Ìlú náà tún ń gba iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ PostAuto (PostBus Switzerland), tí ó ń so ọ́ pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ibùdó méjèèjì yìí. ==itokasi == ry6s4e3buivbgw49yplarqjx8vpkl6c 625062 625061 2026-07-02T11:02:44Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kandergrund | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Kandergrund1.jpg | image_caption = Kandergrund village | imagepath_coa = CHE Kandergrund COA.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Kandergrund Flag.svg | canton = Bern | iso-code-region = CH-BE | district = [[Frutigen-Niedersimmental (administrative district)|Frutigen-Niedersimmental]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|33|N|7|40|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3716 | municipality_code = 0564 | area = 32.1 | elevation = 800|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0564}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}} | website = www.kandergrund.ch | mayor = Roland Stoller<ref name=Mayor>[https://www.kandergrund.ch/behoerden/gemeinderat Gemeinderat] 2025 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 27 may 2026</ref>|mayor_asof=2026|mayor_party= | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 5 | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident(in) |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Frutigen]], [[Kandersteg]], [[Reichenbach im Kandertal]] | twintowns = |}} '''Kandergrund''' (IPA: ˈkandərˌɡrʊnd) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè iṣakoso Frutigen-Niedersimmental, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Oṣèlú (Politics)== Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2011, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni Swiss People's Party (SVP), tí ó gba 65.9% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) pẹ̀lú 12.7%, Social Democratic Party (SP) pẹ̀lú 4.8%, àti Green Liberal Party (GLP) pẹ̀lú 4.6%. Apapọ ìbò ọ̀ọ́dúnrún mẹ́fà (360) ni a dì nínú ìdìbò yìí, àti pé 54.6% ni ìdíwọ̀n ìfarahàn (voter turnout). ==Àwọn ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè (Heritage sites of national significance)== Ìparun Felsenburg Castle ni a ti kà sí ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland tó ní ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gíga (heritage site of national significance) gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkójọ ohun-ini àṣà orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |title=Kantonsliste A-Objekte |year=2009 |work=KGS Inventar |publisher=Federal Office of Civil Protection |language=German |accessdate=25 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628110559/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |archive-date=28 June 2010 }}</ref> Ìparun Felsenburg Castle ni a kọ́ ní ọ̀rúndún kejìlá (12th century), ṣùgbọ́n a fi sílẹ̀ ní àgbékalẹ̀ ní àárín ọdún 1400, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í bàjẹ́ títí di ìparun. Lónìí, ìtòlẹ́sẹẹsẹ ilé ìṣọ́ (tower) péré àti díẹ̀ nínú ògiri (walls) ni ó ṣì ń hàn.<ref name=HDS_Felsenburg>{{HDS|11156|Felsenburg}}</ref> ==Ìrìn àjò (Transport)== Ìlú náà wà lórí ọ̀nà ọkọ̀ ojú irin Lötschberg railway line, ṣùgbọ́n kò ní ibùdó ọkọ̀ ojú irin tirẹ̀. Dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, ibùdó ọkọ̀ ojú irin Kandersteg wà ní gúúsù, nígbà tí ibùdó Frutigen wà ní àríwá. Ìlú náà tún ń gba iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ PostAuto (PostBus Switzerland), tí ó ń so ọ́ pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ibùdó méjèèjì yìí.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fahrplanfelder.ch/fileadmin/fap_pdf_fields/2013/31.230.pdf | title = Adelboden-Frutigen-Kandersteg | publisher = Bundesamt für Verkehr | accessdate = 2013-10-23}}</ref> ==itokasi == s0kjvykhp9vcwn13x6vriraojlo30qi 625063 625062 2026-07-02T11:03:55Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Swiss town | subject_name = Kandergrund | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Kandergrund1.jpg | image_caption = Kandergrund village | imagepath_coa = CHE Kandergrund COA.svg | imagepath_flag = CHE Kandergrund Flag.svg | canton = Bern | iso-code-region = CH-BE | district = [[Frutigen-Niedersimmental (administrative district)|Frutigen-Niedersimmental]] |coordinates = {{coord|46|33|N|7|40|E|display=inline,title}} | postal_code = 3716 | municipality_code = 0564 | area = 32.1 | elevation = 800|elevation_description= | population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-BE|0564}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-BE}} | website = www.kandergrund.ch | mayor = Roland Stoller<ref name=Mayor>[https://www.kandergrund.ch/behoerden/gemeinderat Gemeinderat] 2025 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 27 may 2026</ref>|mayor_asof=2026|mayor_party= | executive_name = Gemeinderat | executive_number_of_members = 5 | mayor_title = Gemeindepräsident(in) |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= [[Frutigen]], [[Kandersteg]], [[Reichenbach im Kandertal]] | twintowns = |}} '''Kandergrund''' (IPA: ˈkandərˌɡrʊnd) jẹ́ ìlú ìṣàkóso (municipality) kan ní àgbègbè iṣakoso Frutigen-Niedersimmental, ní canton Bern, ní orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland. ==Oṣèlú (Politics)== Nínú ìdìbò apapọ orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland 2011, ẹgbẹ́ òṣèlú tí ó gbajúmọ̀ jù lọ ni Swiss People's Party (SVP), tí ó gba 65.9% ti ìbò. Àwọn ẹgbẹ́ míì ni: Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) pẹ̀lú 12.7%, Social Democratic Party (SP) pẹ̀lú 4.8%, àti Green Liberal Party (GLP) pẹ̀lú 4.6%. Apapọ ìbò ọ̀ọ́dúnrún mẹ́fà (360) ni a dì nínú ìdìbò yìí, àti pé 54.6% ni ìdíwọ̀n ìfarahàn (voter turnout). ==Àwọn ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè (Heritage sites of national significance)== Ìparun Felsenburg Castle ni a ti kà sí ibi ogún orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland tó ní ìtẹ́wọ́gbà gíga (heritage site of national significance) gẹ́gẹ́ bí àkójọ ohun-ini àṣà orílẹ̀-èdè Switzerland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |title=Kantonsliste A-Objekte |year=2009 |work=KGS Inventar |publisher=Federal Office of Civil Protection |language=German |accessdate=25 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628110559/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |archive-date=28 June 2010 }}</ref> Ìparun Felsenburg Castle ni a kọ́ ní ọ̀rúndún kejìlá (12th century), ṣùgbọ́n a fi sílẹ̀ ní àgbékalẹ̀ ní àárín ọdún 1400, ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í bàjẹ́ títí di ìparun. Lónìí, ìtòlẹ́sẹẹsẹ ilé ìṣọ́ (tower) péré àti díẹ̀ nínú ògiri (walls) ni ó ṣì ń hàn.<ref name=HDS_Felsenburg>{{HDS|11156|Felsenburg}}</ref> ==Ìrìn àjò (Transport)== Ìlú náà wà lórí ọ̀nà ọkọ̀ ojú irin Lötschberg railway line, ṣùgbọ́n kò ní ibùdó ọkọ̀ ojú irin tirẹ̀. Dípò bẹ́ẹ̀, ibùdó ọkọ̀ ojú irin Kandersteg wà ní gúúsù, nígbà tí ibùdó Frutigen wà ní àríwá. Ìlú náà tún ń gba iṣẹ́ ọkọ̀ PostAuto (PostBus Switzerland), tí ó ń so ọ́ pọ̀ mọ́ àwọn ibùdó méjèèjì yìí.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fahrplanfelder.ch/fileadmin/fap_pdf_fields/2013/31.230.pdf | title = Adelboden-Frutigen-Kandersteg | publisher = Bundesamt für Verkehr | accessdate = 2013-10-23}}</ref> ==Esìn (Religion)== Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìkànìyàn ọdún 2000, ọgọ́rin (80) ènìyàn, tó jẹ́ 8.5%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Roman Catholic, nígbà tí ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́fàlélọ́gọ́rin (613), tó jẹ́ 64.9%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Swiss Reformed Church. Nínú àwọn yòókù, mẹ́ta (3), tó jẹ́ 0.32%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Orthodox; àti ọgbọ̀n-mẹ́rin (44), tó jẹ́ 4.66%, jẹ́ ọmọ ìjọ Kristẹni míràn. ọ̀kanlélọ́gbọ̀n (21), tó jẹ́ 2.22%, jẹ́ Musulumi. ọ̀kan (1) jẹ́ Buddhist. ọ̀ọ́dúnrún kan ó lé ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún méje (171), tó jẹ́ 18.10%, kò ní ìjọ kankan, wọ́n jẹ́ agnostic tàbí atheist. Nígbà tí ọgbọ̀n-mẹ́rin (34), tó jẹ́ 3.60%, kò dáhùn ìbéèrè náà. ==itokasi == owc9y7gnns48ljzew4pm53oxgr4i7ht 0 80815 625064 2026-07-02T11:12:19Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 Ṣ'èdá ojúewé pẹ̀lú "John Hope Franklin ni a bí ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù Kínní, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n, ó sì kú ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹta, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́wàá-dín-lọ́gọ́rin. Ó jẹ́ akọ̀wé ìtàn, amòye, ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdájọ́ awùjọ (civil rights activ..." 625064 wikitext text/x-wiki John Hope Franklin ni a bí ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù Kínní, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n, ó sì kú ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹta, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́wàá-dín-lọ́gọ́rin. Ó jẹ́ akọ̀wé ìtàn, amòye, ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdájọ́ awùjọ (civil rights activist) àti olùkọ́ni nípa ọ̀rọ̀ ìṣèlú àti àwùjọ. A bí i ní ìlú Rentiesville, Oklahoma, ìlú tí gbogbo olùgbé rẹ̀ jẹ́ aláwọ̀ dúdú. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Mollie (Parker) Franklin àti Buck Colbert Franklin. Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ agbẹjọ́rò, olùṣàkóso ọ́fíìsì ìfìwéránṣẹ́ (postmaster), àti oníṣòwò kékeré, ó sì ti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Roger Williams College àti Atlanta Baptist College (tí a tún mọ̀ sí Morehouse College). Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọmọ ènìyàn tí a ti fi ṣe ẹrú ní ilẹ̀ Choctaw, ó sì tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ọmọ ogun United States Colored Troops nígbà Ogun Abẹ́lé. Nígbà tí Franklin pé ní ọmọ ọdún márùn-ún, baba rẹ̀ kó lọ sí Tulsa láti dá ilé iṣẹ́ òfin sílẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ kó ìdílé rẹ̀ wá síbẹ̀ ní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti ogún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin, ṣùgbọ́n Ìrúkèrúdò Tulsa (Tulsa Race Riot) tó ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Karùn-ún sí ọjọ́ kìnní oṣù Kẹfà, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti ogún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin pa apá tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú agbègbè Black Greenwood run, pẹ̀lú ọ́fíìsì òfin baba rẹ̀. Ìdílé rẹ̀ sì tún padà sí Tulsa ní ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n. l8fmf9ekuahf4cq9w9jk9f2czvnpzkp 625065 625064 2026-07-02T11:13:05Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625065 wikitext text/x-wiki John Hope Franklin tí won bí ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù Kínní, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n, ó sì kú ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹta, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́wàá-dín-lọ́gọ́rin. Ó jẹ́ akọ̀wé ìtàn, amòye, ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdájọ́ awùjọ (civil rights activist) àti olùkọ́ni nípa ọ̀rọ̀ ìṣèlú àti àwùjọ. A bí i ní ìlú Rentiesville, Oklahoma, ìlú tí gbogbo olùgbé rẹ̀ jẹ́ aláwọ̀ dúdú. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Mollie (Parker) Franklin àti Buck Colbert Franklin. Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ agbẹjọ́rò, olùṣàkóso ọ́fíìsì ìfìwéránṣẹ́ (postmaster), àti oníṣòwò kékeré, ó sì ti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Roger Williams College àti Atlanta Baptist College (tí a tún mọ̀ sí Morehouse College). Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọmọ ènìyàn tí a ti fi ṣe ẹrú ní ilẹ̀ Choctaw, ó sì tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ọmọ ogun United States Colored Troops nígbà Ogun Abẹ́lé. Nígbà tí Franklin pé ní ọmọ ọdún márùn-ún, baba rẹ̀ kó lọ sí Tulsa láti dá ilé iṣẹ́ òfin sílẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ kó ìdílé rẹ̀ wá síbẹ̀ ní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti ogún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin, ṣùgbọ́n Ìrúkèrúdò Tulsa (Tulsa Race Riot) tó ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Karùn-ún sí ọjọ́ kìnní oṣù Kẹfà, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti ogún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin pa apá tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú agbègbè Black Greenwood run, pẹ̀lú ọ́fíìsì òfin baba rẹ̀. Ìdílé rẹ̀ sì tún padà sí Tulsa ní ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n. jxfg5gtopdm010ltfol2e0r99goqbl9 625066 625065 2026-07-02T11:15:46Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625066 wikitext text/x-wiki John Hope Franklin tí won bí ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù Kínní, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n, ó sì kú ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹta, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́wàá-dín-lọ́gọ́rin. Ó jẹ́ akọ̀wé ìtàn, amòye, ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdájọ́ awùjọ (civil rights activist) àti olùkọ́ni nípa ọ̀rọ̀ ìṣèlú àti àwùjọ. A bí i ní ìlú Rentiesville, Oklahoma, ìlú tí gbogbo olùgbé rẹ̀ jẹ́ aláwọ̀ dúdú. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Mollie (Parker) Franklin àti Buck Colbert Franklin. Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ agbẹjọ́rò, olùṣàkóso ọ́fíìsì ìfìwéránṣẹ́ (postmaster), àti oníṣòwò kékeré, ó sì ti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Roger Williams College àti Atlanta Baptist College (tí a tún mọ̀ sí Morehouse College). Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọmọ ènìyàn tí a ti fi ṣe ẹrú ní ilẹ̀ Choctaw, ó sì tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ọmọ ogun United States Colored Troops nígbà Ogun Abẹ́lé. Nígbà tí Franklin pé ní ọmọ ọdún márùn-ún, baba rẹ̀ kó lọ sí Tulsa láti dá ilé iṣẹ́ òfin sílẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ kó ìdílé rẹ̀ wá síbẹ̀ ní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti ogún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin, ṣùgbọ́n Ìrúkèrúdò Tulsa (Tulsa Race Riot) tó ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Karùn-ún sí ọjọ́ kìnní oṣù Kẹfà, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti ogún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin pa apá tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú agbègbè Black Greenwood run, pẹ̀lú ọ́fíìsì òfin baba rẹ̀. Ìdílé rẹ̀ sì tún padà sí Tulsa ní ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n. ==Àwọn ìwé ìtàn (Bibliography)== Àwọn John Hope Franklin Papers wà ní Rubenstein Library, Duke University. Lára àwọn ìwé pàtàkì rẹ̀ ni Racial Equality in America (1976) àti, pẹ̀lú Loren Schweninger, Runaway Slaves: Rebels on the Plantation (1999) open popover⁠�. Franklin’s students published a festschrift in his honor: Eric Anderson and Alfred A. Moss, Jr., The Facts of Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of John Hope Franklin (1991) open popover⁠�. Essays on Franklin by scholars include: Paul Finkelman, “John Hope Franklin,” in Robert Allen Rutland, ed. Clio’s Favorites: Leading Historians of the United States, 1945–2000 (2000) open popover⁠�; àti George Frederickson, “Pioneer,” New York Review of Books, 23 Sept. 1993 https://www-nybooks-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/articles/1993/09/23/pioneer/⁠�. Àwọn ìtẹjade ìkú rẹ̀ (obituaries) tún farahàn nínú The New York Times, ọjọ́ 25 Oṣù Kẹta, 2009, àti The Washington Post, ọjọ́ kan náà. h2yt3zxkl7nc4imhhuwmbogdsvgfwd0 625067 625066 2026-07-02T11:17:13Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625067 wikitext text/x-wiki John Hope Franklin tí won bí ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù Kínní, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n, ó sì kú ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹta, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́wàá-dín-lọ́gọ́rin. Ó jẹ́ akọ̀wé ìtàn, amòye, ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdájọ́ awùjọ (civil rights activist) àti olùkọ́ni nípa ọ̀rọ̀ ìṣèlú àti àwùjọ. A bí i ní ìlú Rentiesville, Oklahoma, ìlú tí gbogbo olùgbé rẹ̀ jẹ́ aláwọ̀ dúdú. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Mollie (Parker) Franklin àti Buck Colbert Franklin. Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ agbẹjọ́rò, olùṣàkóso ọ́fíìsì ìfìwéránṣẹ́ (postmaster), àti oníṣòwò kékeré, ó sì ti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Roger Williams College àti Atlanta Baptist College (tí a tún mọ̀ sí Morehouse College). Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọmọ ènìyàn tí a ti fi ṣe ẹrú ní ilẹ̀ Choctaw, ó sì tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ọmọ ogun United States Colored Troops nígbà Ogun Abẹ́lé. Nígbà tí Franklin pé ní ọmọ ọdún márùn-ún, baba rẹ̀ kó lọ sí Tulsa láti dá ilé iṣẹ́ òfin sílẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ kó ìdílé rẹ̀ wá síbẹ̀ ní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti ogún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin, ṣùgbọ́n Ìrúkèrúdò Tulsa (Tulsa Race Riot) tó ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Karùn-ún sí ọjọ́ kìnní oṣù Kẹfà, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti ogún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin pa apá tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú agbègbè Black Greenwood run, pẹ̀lú ọ́fíìsì òfin baba rẹ̀. Ìdílé rẹ̀ sì tún padà sí Tulsa ní ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1931, John Hope Franklin parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Booker T. Washington High School tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú. Ó jẹ́ ààrẹ́ (president) ti kiláàsì ọdún ìkẹyìn rẹ̀, ó sì tún jẹ́ valedictorian. Ní Tulsa, ó ní láti gbé lábẹ́ ẹ̀tọ́ Jim Crow (segregation), ó sì máa ń fara da ìbànújẹ àti ẹ̀gàn. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó jẹ́ olólùfẹ́ orin, pàápàá orin classical music, wọ́n máa ń fi í jókòó sí apá “Jim Crow section” níbi ere orin àti ilé eré ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó lọ sí Fisk University ní Nashville pẹ̀lú ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ (full tuition scholarship), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ní láti ṣiṣẹ́ láti san owó ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀. Níbẹ̀, ó di ààrẹ́ ìgbìmọ̀ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àti ààrẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ (Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity). Ó tún kọrin nínú akọrin ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ (choir), èyí tó jẹ́ kó ní àǹfààní láti kópa nínú eré orin ní Carnegie Hall, ó sì ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ìwé ìròyìn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, Franklin fẹ́ tẹ̀lé baba rẹ̀ nípa òfin (law), ṣùgbọ́n ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, ó ní ìtẹ̀síra púpọ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ olùkọ́ itan rẹ̀, Theodore Currier. Nígbà tí ó parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní 1935, ó lọ sí Harvard University láti lepa Ph.D. ní itan (history). Currier tún yá $500 láti fi ran Franklin lọ sí Cambridge àti láti san owó ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. ==Àwọn ìwé ìtàn (Bibliography)== Àwọn John Hope Franklin Papers wà ní Rubenstein Library, Duke University. Lára àwọn ìwé pàtàkì rẹ̀ ni Racial Equality in America (1976) àti, pẹ̀lú Loren Schweninger, Runaway Slaves: Rebels on the Plantation (1999) open popover⁠�. Franklin’s students published a festschrift in his honor: Eric Anderson and Alfred A. Moss, Jr., The Facts of Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of John Hope Franklin (1991) open popover⁠�. Essays on Franklin by scholars include: Paul Finkelman, “John Hope Franklin,” in Robert Allen Rutland, ed. Clio’s Favorites: Leading Historians of the United States, 1945–2000 (2000) open popover⁠�; àti George Frederickson, “Pioneer,” New York Review of Books, 23 Sept. 1993 https://www-nybooks-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/articles/1993/09/23/pioneer/⁠�. Àwọn ìtẹjade ìkú rẹ̀ (obituaries) tún farahàn nínú The New York Times, ọjọ́ 25 Oṣù Kẹta, 2009, àti The Washington Post, ọjọ́ kan náà. 43kl6uuxvxctcus1u9b7vk6xrxbsfa4 625068 625067 2026-07-02T11:18:39Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625068 wikitext text/x-wiki John Hope Franklin tí won bí ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù Kínní, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n, ó sì kú ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹta, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́wàá-dín-lọ́gọ́rin. Ó jẹ́ akọ̀wé ìtàn, amòye, ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdájọ́ awùjọ (civil rights activist) àti olùkọ́ni nípa ọ̀rọ̀ ìṣèlú àti àwùjọ. A bí i ní ìlú Rentiesville, Oklahoma, ìlú tí gbogbo olùgbé rẹ̀ jẹ́ aláwọ̀ dúdú. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Mollie (Parker) Franklin àti Buck Colbert Franklin. Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ agbẹjọ́rò, olùṣàkóso ọ́fíìsì ìfìwéránṣẹ́ (postmaster), àti oníṣòwò kékeré, ó sì ti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Roger Williams College àti Atlanta Baptist College (tí a tún mọ̀ sí Morehouse College). Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọmọ ènìyàn tí a ti fi ṣe ẹrú ní ilẹ̀ Choctaw, ó sì tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ọmọ ogun United States Colored Troops nígbà Ogun Abẹ́lé. Nígbà tí Franklin pé ní ọmọ ọdún márùn-ún, baba rẹ̀ kó lọ sí Tulsa láti dá ilé iṣẹ́ òfin sílẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ kó ìdílé rẹ̀ wá síbẹ̀ ní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti ogún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin, ṣùgbọ́n Ìrúkèrúdò Tulsa (Tulsa Race Riot) tó ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Karùn-ún sí ọjọ́ kìnní oṣù Kẹfà, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti ogún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin pa apá tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú agbègbè Black Greenwood run, pẹ̀lú ọ́fíìsì òfin baba rẹ̀. Ìdílé rẹ̀ sì tún padà sí Tulsa ní ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1931, John Hope Franklin parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Booker T. Washington High School tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú. Ó jẹ́ ààrẹ́ (president) ti kiláàsì ọdún ìkẹyìn rẹ̀, ó sì tún jẹ́ valedictorian. Ní Tulsa, ó ní láti gbé lábẹ́ ẹ̀tọ́ Jim Crow (segregation), ó sì máa ń fara da ìbànújẹ àti ẹ̀gàn. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó jẹ́ olólùfẹ́ orin, pàápàá orin classical music, wọ́n máa ń fi í jókòó sí apá “Jim Crow section” níbi ere orin àti ilé eré ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó lọ sí Fisk University ní Nashville pẹ̀lú ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ (full tuition scholarship), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ní láti ṣiṣẹ́ láti san owó ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀. Níbẹ̀, ó di ààrẹ́ ìgbìmọ̀ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àti ààrẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ (Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity). Ó tún kọrin nínú akọrin ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ (choir), èyí tó jẹ́ kó ní àǹfààní láti kópa nínú eré orin ní Carnegie Hall, ó sì ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ìwé ìròyìn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, Franklin fẹ́ tẹ̀lé baba rẹ̀ nípa òfin (law), ṣùgbọ́n ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, ó ní ìtẹ̀síra púpọ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ olùkọ́ itan rẹ̀, Theodore Currier. Nígbà tí ó parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní 1935, ó lọ sí Harvard University láti lepa Ph.D. ní itan (history). Currier tún yá $500 láti fi ran Franklin lọ sí Cambridge àti láti san owó ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. John Hope Franklin gba ìwé-ẹ̀rí Ph.D. rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1941, nígbà tí ọdún 1943 ilé ìtẹ̀wé University of North Carolina Press tẹ ìtúnṣe ìwádìí rẹ̀ jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí The Free Negro in North Carolina, 1790–1860. Ohun pàtàkì ni pé ìwé àkọ́kọ́ Franklin ni a tẹ̀ jáde nípasẹ̀ ilé ìtẹ̀wé yunifásítì ìpínlẹ̀ gúúsù (Southern state university press), ṣùgbọ́n òun fúnra rẹ̀ kì í bá a ti lè kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tàbí kọ́ni ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà ní àkókò yẹn. Títí di ọjọ́ ikú rẹ̀ ní 2009, ìwé yìí ṣi wà ní ìtẹ̀síwájú ìtẹ̀jáde. Nígbà ìwádìí rẹ̀, olùtọ́jú àkójọ ìwé kan ní Louisiana pe Franklin ní orúkọ ẹlẹ́yà “Harvard Nigger”, wọ́n sì tún fi í sí yàrá ìkànsí tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ fún aláwọ̀ dúdú ní àwọn ìpamọ́ ìtàn kan ní Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà. Ṣáájú àti lẹ́yìn tí ó gba Ph.D., Franklin kọ́ni ní àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ giga àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú, pàápàá jù lọ North Carolina College for Negroes (tí a tún pè ní North Carolina Central University). Ní 1947, ó lọ sí Howard University ní Washington, D.C., ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ giga olókìkí jù lọ fún àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú ní Amẹ́ríkà. Ní ọdún kan náà, ilé ìtẹ̀wé Alfred A. Knopf tẹ ìwé pàtàkì rẹ̀ From Slavery to Freedom jáde, ìtàn àkójọpọ̀ ìtàn àwọn ọmọ Afirika-Amẹ́ríkà tí ó yí pápá ìmọ̀ ìtàn náà padà. A túmọ̀ ìwé náà sí èdè Japanese, French, German, Chinese, Spanish, àti àwọn èdè míì, ó sì ta ju mílíọ̀nù mẹ́ta (3,000,000) ẹ̀dà lọ. Ìwé yìí jẹ́ kó di olókìkí, ó sì jẹ́ kí a lè bẹ̀rẹ̀ kíkọ́ ìtàn àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú níta àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ HBCU. Nígbà tí àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ aláwọ̀ funfun bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ìtàn aláwọ̀ dúdú, ìwé Franklin ni a máa ń lò jù lọ. Ní 1948, Franklin jẹ́ ẹlẹ́rìí amòye (expert witness) nínú ẹjọ́ tó ràn lọ́́wọ́ kí University of Kentucky yọ ìdènà kúrò nínú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga rẹ̀. Ní 1953, ó ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Thurgood Marshall àti NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund láti pèsè ìwé ẹ̀rí nípa ìtumọ̀ Amendment Kẹrìnlá (Fourteenth Amendment) fún ẹjọ́ Brown v. Board of Education. Franklin jiyàn pé àwọn onkọ́wé àtúnṣe náà fẹ́ dá ìdọ́gba gidi (full equality) sílẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ti di pípa nínú ìṣèlú àti ìṣúná lẹ́yìn ìgbà náà. Ìwádìí rẹ̀ ràn lọ́́wọ́ láti dènà ìjìyà àwọn tí ń dá segregation lórí ìlànà pé Amendment náà kò lè yọ ìyapa ẹ̀yà kúrò. ==Àwọn ìwé ìtàn (Bibliography)== Àwọn John Hope Franklin Papers wà ní Rubenstein Library, Duke University. Lára àwọn ìwé pàtàkì rẹ̀ ni Racial Equality in America (1976) àti, pẹ̀lú Loren Schweninger, Runaway Slaves: Rebels on the Plantation (1999) open popover⁠�. Franklin’s students published a festschrift in his honor: Eric Anderson and Alfred A. Moss, Jr., The Facts of Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of John Hope Franklin (1991) open popover⁠�. Essays on Franklin by scholars include: Paul Finkelman, “John Hope Franklin,” in Robert Allen Rutland, ed. Clio’s Favorites: Leading Historians of the United States, 1945–2000 (2000) open popover⁠�; àti George Frederickson, “Pioneer,” New York Review of Books, 23 Sept. 1993 https://www-nybooks-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/articles/1993/09/23/pioneer/⁠�. Àwọn ìtẹjade ìkú rẹ̀ (obituaries) tún farahàn nínú The New York Times, ọjọ́ 25 Oṣù Kẹta, 2009, àti The Washington Post, ọjọ́ kan náà. 4hq0aijumokznpao9pie51isewj0dau 625069 625068 2026-07-02T11:19:36Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625069 wikitext text/x-wiki John Hope Franklin tí won bí ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù Kínní, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n, ó sì kú ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹta, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́wàá-dín-lọ́gọ́rin. Ó jẹ́ akọ̀wé ìtàn, amòye, ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdájọ́ awùjọ (civil rights activist) àti olùkọ́ni nípa ọ̀rọ̀ ìṣèlú àti àwùjọ. A bí i ní ìlú Rentiesville, Oklahoma, ìlú tí gbogbo olùgbé rẹ̀ jẹ́ aláwọ̀ dúdú. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Mollie (Parker) Franklin àti Buck Colbert Franklin. Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ agbẹjọ́rò, olùṣàkóso ọ́fíìsì ìfìwéránṣẹ́ (postmaster), àti oníṣòwò kékeré, ó sì ti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Roger Williams College àti Atlanta Baptist College (tí a tún mọ̀ sí Morehouse College). Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọmọ ènìyàn tí a ti fi ṣe ẹrú ní ilẹ̀ Choctaw, ó sì tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ọmọ ogun United States Colored Troops nígbà Ogun Abẹ́lé. Nígbà tí Franklin pé ní ọmọ ọdún márùn-ún, baba rẹ̀ kó lọ sí Tulsa láti dá ilé iṣẹ́ òfin sílẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ kó ìdílé rẹ̀ wá síbẹ̀ ní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti ogún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin, ṣùgbọ́n Ìrúkèrúdò Tulsa (Tulsa Race Riot) tó ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Karùn-ún sí ọjọ́ kìnní oṣù Kẹfà, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti ogún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin pa apá tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú agbègbè Black Greenwood run, pẹ̀lú ọ́fíìsì òfin baba rẹ̀. Ìdílé rẹ̀ sì tún padà sí Tulsa ní ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1931, John Hope Franklin parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Booker T. Washington High School tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú. Ó jẹ́ ààrẹ́ (president) ti kiláàsì ọdún ìkẹyìn rẹ̀, ó sì tún jẹ́ valedictorian. Ní Tulsa, ó ní láti gbé lábẹ́ ẹ̀tọ́ Jim Crow (segregation), ó sì máa ń fara da ìbànújẹ àti ẹ̀gàn. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó jẹ́ olólùfẹ́ orin, pàápàá orin classical music, wọ́n máa ń fi í jókòó sí apá “Jim Crow section” níbi ere orin àti ilé eré ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó lọ sí Fisk University ní Nashville pẹ̀lú ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ (full tuition scholarship), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ní láti ṣiṣẹ́ láti san owó ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀. Níbẹ̀, ó di ààrẹ́ ìgbìmọ̀ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àti ààrẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ (Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity). Ó tún kọrin nínú akọrin ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ (choir), èyí tó jẹ́ kó ní àǹfààní láti kópa nínú eré orin ní Carnegie Hall, ó sì ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ìwé ìròyìn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, Franklin fẹ́ tẹ̀lé baba rẹ̀ nípa òfin (law), ṣùgbọ́n ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, ó ní ìtẹ̀síra púpọ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ olùkọ́ itan rẹ̀, Theodore Currier. Nígbà tí ó parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní 1935, ó lọ sí Harvard University láti lepa Ph.D. ní itan (history). Currier tún yá $500 láti fi ran Franklin lọ sí Cambridge àti láti san owó ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. John Hope Franklin gba ìwé-ẹ̀rí Ph.D. rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1941, nígbà tí ọdún 1943 ilé ìtẹ̀wé University of North Carolina Press tẹ ìtúnṣe ìwádìí rẹ̀ jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí The Free Negro in North Carolina, 1790–1860. Ohun pàtàkì ni pé ìwé àkọ́kọ́ Franklin ni a tẹ̀ jáde nípasẹ̀ ilé ìtẹ̀wé yunifásítì ìpínlẹ̀ gúúsù (Southern state university press), ṣùgbọ́n òun fúnra rẹ̀ kì í bá a ti lè kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tàbí kọ́ni ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà ní àkókò yẹn. Títí di ọjọ́ ikú rẹ̀ ní 2009, ìwé yìí ṣi wà ní ìtẹ̀síwájú ìtẹ̀jáde. Nígbà ìwádìí rẹ̀, olùtọ́jú àkójọ ìwé kan ní Louisiana pe Franklin ní orúkọ ẹlẹ́yà “Harvard Nigger”, wọ́n sì tún fi í sí yàrá ìkànsí tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ fún aláwọ̀ dúdú ní àwọn ìpamọ́ ìtàn kan ní Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà. Ṣáájú àti lẹ́yìn tí ó gba Ph.D., Franklin kọ́ni ní àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ giga àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú, pàápàá jù lọ North Carolina College for Negroes (tí a tún pè ní North Carolina Central University). Ní 1947, ó lọ sí Howard University ní Washington, D.C., ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ giga olókìkí jù lọ fún àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú ní Amẹ́ríkà. Ní ọdún kan náà, ilé ìtẹ̀wé Alfred A. Knopf tẹ ìwé pàtàkì rẹ̀ From Slavery to Freedom jáde, ìtàn àkójọpọ̀ ìtàn àwọn ọmọ Afirika-Amẹ́ríkà tí ó yí pápá ìmọ̀ ìtàn náà padà. A túmọ̀ ìwé náà sí èdè Japanese, French, German, Chinese, Spanish, àti àwọn èdè míì, ó sì ta ju mílíọ̀nù mẹ́ta (3,000,000) ẹ̀dà lọ. Ìwé yìí jẹ́ kó di olókìkí, ó sì jẹ́ kí a lè bẹ̀rẹ̀ kíkọ́ ìtàn àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú níta àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ HBCU. Nígbà tí àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ aláwọ̀ funfun bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ìtàn aláwọ̀ dúdú, ìwé Franklin ni a máa ń lò jù lọ. Ní 1948, Franklin jẹ́ ẹlẹ́rìí amòye (expert witness) nínú ẹjọ́ tó ràn lọ́́wọ́ kí University of Kentucky yọ ìdènà kúrò nínú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga rẹ̀. Ní 1953, ó ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Thurgood Marshall àti NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund láti pèsè ìwé ẹ̀rí nípa ìtumọ̀ Amendment Kẹrìnlá (Fourteenth Amendment) fún ẹjọ́ Brown v. Board of Education. Franklin jiyàn pé àwọn onkọ́wé àtúnṣe náà fẹ́ dá ìdọ́gba gidi (full equality) sílẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ti di pípa nínú ìṣèlú àti ìṣúná lẹ́yìn ìgbà náà. Ìwádìí rẹ̀ ràn lọ́́wọ́ láti dènà ìjìyà àwọn tí ń dá segregation lórí ìlànà pé Amendment náà kò lè yọ ìyapa ẹ̀yà kúrò. Ní ọdún 1956, John Hope Franklin di olórí (chairman) ẹ̀ka ìtàn ní Brooklyn College, èyí sì mú kó di ẹni aláwọ̀ dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí yóò di olórí ẹ̀ka bẹ́ẹ̀ ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga kan tí kì í ṣe HBCU. Ní ọdún kan náà, ó tún tẹ ìwé rẹ̀ The Militant South, 1800 to 1861 jáde pẹ̀lú Harvard University Press, tó fi ìpò rẹ̀ hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí onímọ̀ ìtàn olókìkí. Ìwé yìí ṣàlàyé ìtàn ìwà-ipa àti ìhùwàsí ìṣèlú tó lagbara ní Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà ṣáájú Ogun Abẹ́lé, ó sì ràn àwọn ará Amẹ́ríkà lọ́wọ́ láti lóye ìbáṣepọ̀ láàárín àṣà aláwọ̀ funfun gúúsù, ẹrú, àti ìwà-ipa. Ọ̀pọ̀ iṣẹ́ ìmọ̀ rẹ̀, tó tó ìwé mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n (25 books) àti ju àpilẹ̀kọ ọgọ́rùn-ún (100 articles) lọ, wà ní ààárín ìtàn Gúúsù àti ìtàn àwọn ọmọ Afirika-Amẹ́ríkà. Iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ lórí Reconstruction, pẹ̀lú ìwádìí fún ẹjọ́ Brown v. Board of Education àti ìwé Reconstruction: After the Civil War (1961), ràn lọ́́wọ́ láti yí ìtúmọ̀ aṣìṣe Dunning School padà. Ó fi hàn pé àwọn ìjọba Reconstruction kì í ṣe aláìmọ̀ tàbí oníbàjẹ́ ju àwọn ìjọba ìpínlẹ̀ tí àwọn aláwọ̀ funfun ń dari ní àkókò yẹn lọ, ó sì tún fi hàn pé wọ́n kópa nínú mímú Gúúsù lẹ́yìn Ogun Abẹ́lé dàgbà pẹ̀lú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gbangba àti àwọn àtúnṣe àwùjọ. Ní ọdún 1964, Franklin lọ sí University of Chicago, di ẹni aláwọ̀ dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí yóò kọ́ ní ẹ̀ka ìtàn ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ olókìkí yìí. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó kópa nínú Selma to Montgomery march, tó fi hàn pé ó jẹ́ amòye àti ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdájọ́ awùjọ ní àkókò kan naa. Ó kọ ìpè láti ọwọ́ Ààrẹ Lyndon B. Johnson láti ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí diplomat, ṣùgbọ́n ó gba láti ṣiṣẹ́ nínú President’s Advisory Commission on Ambassadorial Appointments. Ní Chicago, Franklin jẹ́ olórí ẹ̀ka ìtàn, láti 1968 sí 1982 ó di John Matthews Manly Distinguished Service Professor. Ní 1982, ó darapọ̀ mọ́ Duke University gẹ́gẹ́ bí James B. Duke Professor of History, di ẹni aláwọ̀ dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí yóò di olùgbé ìpò olóyè (endowed chair) ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, tó jẹ́ pé ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà ti jẹ́ ti ìyàtọ̀ ẹ̀yà tẹ́lẹ̀. Lẹ́yìn ìfẹ̀yìntì rẹ̀ nínú ẹ̀ka ìtàn, ó tún kọ́ni ní Duke Law School títí di 1992. ==Àwọn ìwé ìtàn (Bibliography)== Àwọn John Hope Franklin Papers wà ní Rubenstein Library, Duke University. Lára àwọn ìwé pàtàkì rẹ̀ ni Racial Equality in America (1976) àti, pẹ̀lú Loren Schweninger, Runaway Slaves: Rebels on the Plantation (1999) open popover⁠�. Franklin’s students published a festschrift in his honor: Eric Anderson and Alfred A. Moss, Jr., The Facts of Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of John Hope Franklin (1991) open popover⁠�. Essays on Franklin by scholars include: Paul Finkelman, “John Hope Franklin,” in Robert Allen Rutland, ed. Clio’s Favorites: Leading Historians of the United States, 1945–2000 (2000) open popover⁠�; àti George Frederickson, “Pioneer,” New York Review of Books, 23 Sept. 1993 https://www-nybooks-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/articles/1993/09/23/pioneer/⁠�. Àwọn ìtẹjade ìkú rẹ̀ (obituaries) tún farahàn nínú The New York Times, ọjọ́ 25 Oṣù Kẹta, 2009, àti The Washington Post, ọjọ́ kan náà. jfsdslotm7j92amxg4kfqnsm0a39blz 625070 625069 2026-07-02T11:20:37Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625070 wikitext text/x-wiki John Hope Franklin tí won bí ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù Kínní, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n, ó sì kú ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹta, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́wàá-dín-lọ́gọ́rin. Ó jẹ́ akọ̀wé ìtàn, amòye, ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdájọ́ awùjọ (civil rights activist) àti olùkọ́ni nípa ọ̀rọ̀ ìṣèlú àti àwùjọ. A bí i ní ìlú Rentiesville, Oklahoma, ìlú tí gbogbo olùgbé rẹ̀ jẹ́ aláwọ̀ dúdú. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Mollie (Parker) Franklin àti Buck Colbert Franklin. Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ agbẹjọ́rò, olùṣàkóso ọ́fíìsì ìfìwéránṣẹ́ (postmaster), àti oníṣòwò kékeré, ó sì ti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Roger Williams College àti Atlanta Baptist College (tí a tún mọ̀ sí Morehouse College). Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọmọ ènìyàn tí a ti fi ṣe ẹrú ní ilẹ̀ Choctaw, ó sì tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ọmọ ogun United States Colored Troops nígbà Ogun Abẹ́lé. Nígbà tí Franklin pé ní ọmọ ọdún márùn-ún, baba rẹ̀ kó lọ sí Tulsa láti dá ilé iṣẹ́ òfin sílẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ kó ìdílé rẹ̀ wá síbẹ̀ ní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti ogún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin, ṣùgbọ́n Ìrúkèrúdò Tulsa (Tulsa Race Riot) tó ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Karùn-ún sí ọjọ́ kìnní oṣù Kẹfà, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti ogún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin pa apá tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú agbègbè Black Greenwood run, pẹ̀lú ọ́fíìsì òfin baba rẹ̀. Ìdílé rẹ̀ sì tún padà sí Tulsa ní ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1931, John Hope Franklin parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Booker T. Washington High School tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú. Ó jẹ́ ààrẹ́ (president) ti kiláàsì ọdún ìkẹyìn rẹ̀, ó sì tún jẹ́ valedictorian. Ní Tulsa, ó ní láti gbé lábẹ́ ẹ̀tọ́ Jim Crow (segregation), ó sì máa ń fara da ìbànújẹ àti ẹ̀gàn. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó jẹ́ olólùfẹ́ orin, pàápàá orin classical music, wọ́n máa ń fi í jókòó sí apá “Jim Crow section” níbi ere orin àti ilé eré ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó lọ sí Fisk University ní Nashville pẹ̀lú ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ (full tuition scholarship), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ní láti ṣiṣẹ́ láti san owó ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀. Níbẹ̀, ó di ààrẹ́ ìgbìmọ̀ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àti ààrẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ (Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity). Ó tún kọrin nínú akọrin ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ (choir), èyí tó jẹ́ kó ní àǹfààní láti kópa nínú eré orin ní Carnegie Hall, ó sì ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ìwé ìròyìn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, Franklin fẹ́ tẹ̀lé baba rẹ̀ nípa òfin (law), ṣùgbọ́n ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, ó ní ìtẹ̀síra púpọ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ olùkọ́ itan rẹ̀, Theodore Currier. Nígbà tí ó parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní 1935, ó lọ sí Harvard University láti lepa Ph.D. ní itan (history). Currier tún yá $500 láti fi ran Franklin lọ sí Cambridge àti láti san owó ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. John Hope Franklin gba ìwé-ẹ̀rí Ph.D. rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1941, nígbà tí ọdún 1943 ilé ìtẹ̀wé University of North Carolina Press tẹ ìtúnṣe ìwádìí rẹ̀ jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí The Free Negro in North Carolina, 1790–1860. Ohun pàtàkì ni pé ìwé àkọ́kọ́ Franklin ni a tẹ̀ jáde nípasẹ̀ ilé ìtẹ̀wé yunifásítì ìpínlẹ̀ gúúsù (Southern state university press), ṣùgbọ́n òun fúnra rẹ̀ kì í bá a ti lè kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tàbí kọ́ni ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà ní àkókò yẹn. Títí di ọjọ́ ikú rẹ̀ ní 2009, ìwé yìí ṣi wà ní ìtẹ̀síwájú ìtẹ̀jáde. Nígbà ìwádìí rẹ̀, olùtọ́jú àkójọ ìwé kan ní Louisiana pe Franklin ní orúkọ ẹlẹ́yà “Harvard Nigger”, wọ́n sì tún fi í sí yàrá ìkànsí tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ fún aláwọ̀ dúdú ní àwọn ìpamọ́ ìtàn kan ní Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà. Ṣáájú àti lẹ́yìn tí ó gba Ph.D., Franklin kọ́ni ní àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ giga àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú, pàápàá jù lọ North Carolina College for Negroes (tí a tún pè ní North Carolina Central University). Ní 1947, ó lọ sí Howard University ní Washington, D.C., ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ giga olókìkí jù lọ fún àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú ní Amẹ́ríkà. Ní ọdún kan náà, ilé ìtẹ̀wé Alfred A. Knopf tẹ ìwé pàtàkì rẹ̀ From Slavery to Freedom jáde, ìtàn àkójọpọ̀ ìtàn àwọn ọmọ Afirika-Amẹ́ríkà tí ó yí pápá ìmọ̀ ìtàn náà padà. A túmọ̀ ìwé náà sí èdè Japanese, French, German, Chinese, Spanish, àti àwọn èdè míì, ó sì ta ju mílíọ̀nù mẹ́ta (3,000,000) ẹ̀dà lọ. Ìwé yìí jẹ́ kó di olókìkí, ó sì jẹ́ kí a lè bẹ̀rẹ̀ kíkọ́ ìtàn àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú níta àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ HBCU. Nígbà tí àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ aláwọ̀ funfun bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ìtàn aláwọ̀ dúdú, ìwé Franklin ni a máa ń lò jù lọ. Ní 1948, Franklin jẹ́ ẹlẹ́rìí amòye (expert witness) nínú ẹjọ́ tó ràn lọ́́wọ́ kí University of Kentucky yọ ìdènà kúrò nínú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga rẹ̀. Ní 1953, ó ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Thurgood Marshall àti NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund láti pèsè ìwé ẹ̀rí nípa ìtumọ̀ Amendment Kẹrìnlá (Fourteenth Amendment) fún ẹjọ́ Brown v. Board of Education. Franklin jiyàn pé àwọn onkọ́wé àtúnṣe náà fẹ́ dá ìdọ́gba gidi (full equality) sílẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ti di pípa nínú ìṣèlú àti ìṣúná lẹ́yìn ìgbà náà. Ìwádìí rẹ̀ ràn lọ́́wọ́ láti dènà ìjìyà àwọn tí ń dá segregation lórí ìlànà pé Amendment náà kò lè yọ ìyapa ẹ̀yà kúrò. ==Àwọn ìwé ìtàn (Bibliography)== Àwọn John Hope Franklin Papers wà ní Rubenstein Library, Duke University. Lára àwọn ìwé pàtàkì rẹ̀ ni Racial Equality in America (1976) àti, pẹ̀lú Loren Schweninger, Runaway Slaves: Rebels on the Plantation (1999) open popover⁠�. Franklin’s students published a festschrift in his honor: Eric Anderson and Alfred A. Moss, Jr., The Facts of Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of John Hope Franklin (1991) open popover⁠�. Essays on Franklin by scholars include: Paul Finkelman, “John Hope Franklin,” in Robert Allen Rutland, ed. Clio’s Favorites: Leading Historians of the United States, 1945–2000 (2000) open popover⁠�; àti George Frederickson, “Pioneer,” New York Review of Books, 23 Sept. 1993 https://www-nybooks-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/articles/1993/09/23/pioneer/⁠�. Àwọn ìtẹjade ìkú rẹ̀ (obituaries) tún farahàn nínú The New York Times, ọjọ́ 25 Oṣù Kẹta, 2009, àti The Washington Post, ọjọ́ kan náà. 4hq0aijumokznpao9pie51isewj0dau 625071 625070 2026-07-02T11:20:53Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625071 wikitext text/x-wiki John Hope Franklin tí won bí ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù Kínní, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n, ó sì kú ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹta, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́wàá-dín-lọ́gọ́rin. Ó jẹ́ akọ̀wé ìtàn, amòye, ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdájọ́ awùjọ (civil rights activist) àti olùkọ́ni nípa ọ̀rọ̀ ìṣèlú àti àwùjọ. A bí i ní ìlú Rentiesville, Oklahoma, ìlú tí gbogbo olùgbé rẹ̀ jẹ́ aláwọ̀ dúdú. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Mollie (Parker) Franklin àti Buck Colbert Franklin. Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ agbẹjọ́rò, olùṣàkóso ọ́fíìsì ìfìwéránṣẹ́ (postmaster), àti oníṣòwò kékeré, ó sì ti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Roger Williams College àti Atlanta Baptist College (tí a tún mọ̀ sí Morehouse College). Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọmọ ènìyàn tí a ti fi ṣe ẹrú ní ilẹ̀ Choctaw, ó sì tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ọmọ ogun United States Colored Troops nígbà Ogun Abẹ́lé. Nígbà tí Franklin pé ní ọmọ ọdún márùn-ún, baba rẹ̀ kó lọ sí Tulsa láti dá ilé iṣẹ́ òfin sílẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ kó ìdílé rẹ̀ wá síbẹ̀ ní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti ogún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin, ṣùgbọ́n Ìrúkèrúdò Tulsa (Tulsa Race Riot) tó ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Karùn-ún sí ọjọ́ kìnní oṣù Kẹfà, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti ogún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin pa apá tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú agbègbè Black Greenwood run, pẹ̀lú ọ́fíìsì òfin baba rẹ̀. Ìdílé rẹ̀ sì tún padà sí Tulsa ní ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1931, John Hope Franklin parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Booker T. Washington High School tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú. Ó jẹ́ ààrẹ́ (president) ti kiláàsì ọdún ìkẹyìn rẹ̀, ó sì tún jẹ́ valedictorian. Ní Tulsa, ó ní láti gbé lábẹ́ ẹ̀tọ́ Jim Crow (segregation), ó sì máa ń fara da ìbànújẹ àti ẹ̀gàn. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó jẹ́ olólùfẹ́ orin, pàápàá orin classical music, wọ́n máa ń fi í jókòó sí apá “Jim Crow section” níbi ere orin àti ilé eré ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó lọ sí Fisk University ní Nashville pẹ̀lú ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ (full tuition scholarship), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ní láti ṣiṣẹ́ láti san owó ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀. Níbẹ̀, ó di ààrẹ́ ìgbìmọ̀ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àti ààrẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ (Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity). Ó tún kọrin nínú akọrin ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ (choir), èyí tó jẹ́ kó ní àǹfààní láti kópa nínú eré orin ní Carnegie Hall, ó sì ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ìwé ìròyìn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, Franklin fẹ́ tẹ̀lé baba rẹ̀ nípa òfin (law), ṣùgbọ́n ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, ó ní ìtẹ̀síra púpọ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ olùkọ́ itan rẹ̀, Theodore Currier. Nígbà tí ó parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní 1935, ó lọ sí Harvard University láti lepa Ph.D. ní itan (history). Currier tún yá $500 láti fi ran Franklin lọ sí Cambridge àti láti san owó ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. John Hope Franklin gba ìwé-ẹ̀rí Ph.D. rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1941, nígbà tí ọdún 1943 ilé ìtẹ̀wé University of North Carolina Press tẹ ìtúnṣe ìwádìí rẹ̀ jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí The Free Negro in North Carolina, 1790–1860. Ohun pàtàkì ni pé ìwé àkọ́kọ́ Franklin ni a tẹ̀ jáde nípasẹ̀ ilé ìtẹ̀wé yunifásítì ìpínlẹ̀ gúúsù (Southern state university press), ṣùgbọ́n òun fúnra rẹ̀ kì í bá a ti lè kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tàbí kọ́ni ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà ní àkókò yẹn. Títí di ọjọ́ ikú rẹ̀ ní 2009, ìwé yìí ṣi wà ní ìtẹ̀síwájú ìtẹ̀jáde. Nígbà ìwádìí rẹ̀, olùtọ́jú àkójọ ìwé kan ní Louisiana pe Franklin ní orúkọ ẹlẹ́yà “Harvard Nigger”, wọ́n sì tún fi í sí yàrá ìkànsí tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ fún aláwọ̀ dúdú ní àwọn ìpamọ́ ìtàn kan ní Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà. Ṣáájú àti lẹ́yìn tí ó gba Ph.D., Franklin kọ́ni ní àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ giga àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú, pàápàá jù lọ North Carolina College for Negroes (tí a tún pè ní North Carolina Central University). Ní 1947, ó lọ sí Howard University ní Washington, D.C., ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ giga olókìkí jù lọ fún àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú ní Amẹ́ríkà. Ní ọdún kan náà, ilé ìtẹ̀wé Alfred A. Knopf tẹ ìwé pàtàkì rẹ̀ From Slavery to Freedom jáde, ìtàn àkójọpọ̀ ìtàn àwọn ọmọ Afirika-Amẹ́ríkà tí ó yí pápá ìmọ̀ ìtàn náà padà. A túmọ̀ ìwé náà sí èdè Japanese, French, German, Chinese, Spanish, àti àwọn èdè míì, ó sì ta ju mílíọ̀nù mẹ́ta (3,000,000) ẹ̀dà lọ. Ìwé yìí jẹ́ kó di olókìkí, ó sì jẹ́ kí a lè bẹ̀rẹ̀ kíkọ́ ìtàn àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú níta àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ HBCU. Nígbà tí àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ aláwọ̀ funfun bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ìtàn aláwọ̀ dúdú, ìwé Franklin ni a máa ń lò jù lọ. Ní 1948, Franklin jẹ́ ẹlẹ́rìí amòye (expert witness) nínú ẹjọ́ tó ràn lọ́́wọ́ kí University of Kentucky yọ ìdènà kúrò nínú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga rẹ̀. Ní 1953, ó ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Thurgood Marshall àti NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund láti pèsè ìwé ẹ̀rí nípa ìtumọ̀ Amendment Kẹrìnlá (Fourteenth Amendment) fún ẹjọ́ Brown v. Board of Education. Franklin jiyàn pé àwọn onkọ́wé àtúnṣe náà fẹ́ dá ìdọ́gba gidi (full equality) sílẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ti di pípa nínú ìṣèlú àti ìṣúná lẹ́yìn ìgbà náà. Ìwádìí rẹ̀ ràn lọ́́wọ́ láti dènà ìjìyà àwọn tí ń dá segregation lórí ìlànà pé Amendment náà kò lè yọ ìyapa ẹ̀yà kúrò. Ní ọdún 1956, John Hope Franklin di olórí (chairman) ẹ̀ka ìtàn ní Brooklyn College, èyí sì mú kó di ẹni aláwọ̀ dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí yóò di olórí ẹ̀ka bẹ́ẹ̀ ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga kan tí kì í ṣe HBCU. Ní ọdún kan náà, ó tún tẹ ìwé rẹ̀ The Militant South, 1800 to 1861 jáde pẹ̀lú Harvard University Press, tó fi ìpò rẹ̀ hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí onímọ̀ ìtàn olókìkí. Ìwé yìí ṣàlàyé ìtàn ìwà-ipa àti ìhùwàsí ìṣèlú tó lagbara ní Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà ṣáájú Ogun Abẹ́lé, ó sì ràn àwọn ará Amẹ́ríkà lọ́wọ́ láti lóye ìbáṣepọ̀ láàárín àṣà aláwọ̀ funfun gúúsù, ẹrú, àti ìwà-ipa. Ọ̀pọ̀ iṣẹ́ ìmọ̀ rẹ̀, tó tó ìwé mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n (25 books) àti ju àpilẹ̀kọ ọgọ́rùn-ún (100 articles) lọ, wà ní ààárín ìtàn Gúúsù àti ìtàn àwọn ọmọ Afirika-Amẹ́ríkà. Iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ lórí Reconstruction, pẹ̀lú ìwádìí fún ẹjọ́ Brown v. Board of Education àti ìwé Reconstruction: After the Civil War (1961), ràn lọ́́wọ́ láti yí ìtúmọ̀ aṣìṣe Dunning School padà. Ó fi hàn pé àwọn ìjọba Reconstruction kì í ṣe aláìmọ̀ tàbí oníbàjẹ́ ju àwọn ìjọba ìpínlẹ̀ tí àwọn aláwọ̀ funfun ń dari ní àkókò yẹn lọ, ó sì tún fi hàn pé wọ́n kópa nínú mímú Gúúsù lẹ́yìn Ogun Abẹ́lé dàgbà pẹ̀lú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gbangba àti àwọn àtúnṣe àwùjọ. Ní ọdún 1964, Franklin lọ sí University of Chicago, di ẹni aláwọ̀ dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí yóò kọ́ ní ẹ̀ka ìtàn ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ olókìkí yìí. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó kópa nínú Selma to Montgomery march, tó fi hàn pé ó jẹ́ amòye àti ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdájọ́ awùjọ ní àkókò kan naa. Ó kọ ìpè láti ọwọ́ Ààrẹ Lyndon B. Johnson láti ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí diplomat, ṣùgbọ́n ó gba láti ṣiṣẹ́ nínú President’s Advisory Commission on Ambassadorial Appointments. Ní Chicago, Franklin jẹ́ olórí ẹ̀ka ìtàn, láti 1968 sí 1982 ó di John Matthews Manly Distinguished Service Professor. Ní 1982, ó darapọ̀ mọ́ Duke University gẹ́gẹ́ bí James B. Duke Professor of History, di ẹni aláwọ̀ dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí yóò di olùgbé ìpò olóyè (endowed chair) ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, tó jẹ́ pé ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà ti jẹ́ ti ìyàtọ̀ ẹ̀yà tẹ́lẹ̀. Lẹ́yìn ìfẹ̀yìntì rẹ̀ nínú ẹ̀ka ìtàn, ó tún kọ́ni ní Duke Law School títí di 1992. ==Àwọn ìwé ìtàn (Bibliography)== Àwọn John Hope Franklin Papers wà ní Rubenstein Library, Duke University. Lára àwọn ìwé pàtàkì rẹ̀ ni Racial Equality in America (1976) àti, pẹ̀lú Loren Schweninger, Runaway Slaves: Rebels on the Plantation (1999) open popover⁠�. Franklin’s students published a festschrift in his honor: Eric Anderson and Alfred A. Moss, Jr., The Facts of Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of John Hope Franklin (1991) open popover⁠�. Essays on Franklin by scholars include: Paul Finkelman, “John Hope Franklin,” in Robert Allen Rutland, ed. Clio’s Favorites: Leading Historians of the United States, 1945–2000 (2000) open popover⁠�; àti George Frederickson, “Pioneer,” New York Review of Books, 23 Sept. 1993 https://www-nybooks-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/articles/1993/09/23/pioneer/⁠�. Àwọn ìtẹjade ìkú rẹ̀ (obituaries) tún farahàn nínú The New York Times, ọjọ́ 25 Oṣù Kẹta, 2009, àti The Washington Post, ọjọ́ kan náà. jfsdslotm7j92amxg4kfqnsm0a39blz 625072 625071 2026-07-02T11:23:02Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625072 wikitext text/x-wiki John Hope Franklin tí won bí ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù Kínní, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n, ó sì kú ní ọjọ́ kẹẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Kẹta, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́wàá-dín-lọ́gọ́rin. Ó jẹ́ akọ̀wé ìtàn, amòye, ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdájọ́ awùjọ (civil rights activist) àti olùkọ́ni nípa ọ̀rọ̀ ìṣèlú àti àwùjọ. A bí i ní ìlú Rentiesville, Oklahoma, ìlú tí gbogbo olùgbé rẹ̀ jẹ́ aláwọ̀ dúdú. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Mollie (Parker) Franklin àti Buck Colbert Franklin. Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ agbẹjọ́rò, olùṣàkóso ọ́fíìsì ìfìwéránṣẹ́ (postmaster), àti oníṣòwò kékeré, ó sì ti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Roger Williams College àti Atlanta Baptist College (tí a tún mọ̀ sí Morehouse College). Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọmọ ènìyàn tí a ti fi ṣe ẹrú ní ilẹ̀ Choctaw, ó sì tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ọmọ ogun United States Colored Troops nígbà Ogun Abẹ́lé. Nígbà tí Franklin pé ní ọmọ ọdún márùn-ún, baba rẹ̀ kó lọ sí Tulsa láti dá ilé iṣẹ́ òfin sílẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ kó ìdílé rẹ̀ wá síbẹ̀ ní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti ogún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin, ṣùgbọ́n Ìrúkèrúdò Tulsa (Tulsa Race Riot) tó ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Karùn-ún sí ọjọ́ kìnní oṣù Kẹfà, ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti ogún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin pa apá tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú agbègbè Black Greenwood run, pẹ̀lú ọ́fíìsì òfin baba rẹ̀. Ìdílé rẹ̀ sì tún padà sí Tulsa ní ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti mẹ́ẹ̀dọ́gbọ̀n. Ní ọdún 1931, John Hope Franklin parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Booker T. Washington High School tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú. Ó jẹ́ ààrẹ́ (president) ti kiláàsì ọdún ìkẹyìn rẹ̀, ó sì tún jẹ́ valedictorian. Ní Tulsa, ó ní láti gbé lábẹ́ ẹ̀tọ́ Jim Crow (segregation), ó sì máa ń fara da ìbànújẹ àti ẹ̀gàn. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó jẹ́ olólùfẹ́ orin, pàápàá orin classical music, wọ́n máa ń fi í jókòó sí apá “Jim Crow section” níbi ere orin àti ilé eré ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó lọ sí Fisk University ní Nashville pẹ̀lú ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ (full tuition scholarship), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ní láti ṣiṣẹ́ láti san owó ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀. Níbẹ̀, ó di ààrẹ́ ìgbìmọ̀ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àti ààrẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ (Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity). Ó tún kọrin nínú akọrin ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ (choir), èyí tó jẹ́ kó ní àǹfààní láti kópa nínú eré orin ní Carnegie Hall, ó sì ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ìwé ìròyìn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, Franklin fẹ́ tẹ̀lé baba rẹ̀ nípa òfin (law), ṣùgbọ́n ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, ó ní ìtẹ̀síra púpọ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ olùkọ́ itan rẹ̀, Theodore Currier. Nígbà tí ó parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní 1935, ó lọ sí Harvard University láti lepa Ph.D. ní itan (history). Currier tún yá $500 láti fi ran Franklin lọ sí Cambridge àti láti san owó ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. John Hope Franklin gba ìwé-ẹ̀rí Ph.D. rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1941, nígbà tí ọdún 1943 ilé ìtẹ̀wé University of North Carolina Press tẹ ìtúnṣe ìwádìí rẹ̀ jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí The Free Negro in North Carolina, 1790–1860. Ohun pàtàkì ni pé ìwé àkọ́kọ́ Franklin ni a tẹ̀ jáde nípasẹ̀ ilé ìtẹ̀wé yunifásítì ìpínlẹ̀ gúúsù (Southern state university press), ṣùgbọ́n òun fúnra rẹ̀ kì í bá a ti lè kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tàbí kọ́ni ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà ní àkókò yẹn. Títí di ọjọ́ ikú rẹ̀ ní 2009, ìwé yìí ṣi wà ní ìtẹ̀síwájú ìtẹ̀jáde. Nígbà ìwádìí rẹ̀, olùtọ́jú àkójọ ìwé kan ní Louisiana pe Franklin ní orúkọ ẹlẹ́yà “Harvard Nigger”, wọ́n sì tún fi í sí yàrá ìkànsí tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ fún aláwọ̀ dúdú ní àwọn ìpamọ́ ìtàn kan ní Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà. Ṣáájú àti lẹ́yìn tí ó gba Ph.D., Franklin kọ́ni ní àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ giga àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú, pàápàá jù lọ North Carolina College for Negroes (tí a tún pè ní North Carolina Central University). Ní 1947, ó lọ sí Howard University ní Washington, D.C., ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ giga olókìkí jù lọ fún àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú ní Amẹ́ríkà. Ní ọdún kan náà, ilé ìtẹ̀wé Alfred A. Knopf tẹ ìwé pàtàkì rẹ̀ From Slavery to Freedom jáde, ìtàn àkójọpọ̀ ìtàn àwọn ọmọ Afirika-Amẹ́ríkà tí ó yí pápá ìmọ̀ ìtàn náà padà. A túmọ̀ ìwé náà sí èdè Japanese, French, German, Chinese, Spanish, àti àwọn èdè míì, ó sì ta ju mílíọ̀nù mẹ́ta (3,000,000) ẹ̀dà lọ. Ìwé yìí jẹ́ kó di olókìkí, ó sì jẹ́ kí a lè bẹ̀rẹ̀ kíkọ́ ìtàn àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú níta àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ HBCU. Nígbà tí àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ aláwọ̀ funfun bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ìtàn aláwọ̀ dúdú, ìwé Franklin ni a máa ń lò jù lọ. Ní 1948, Franklin jẹ́ ẹlẹ́rìí amòye (expert witness) nínú ẹjọ́ tó ràn lọ́́wọ́ kí University of Kentucky yọ ìdènà kúrò nínú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga rẹ̀. Ní 1953, ó ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Thurgood Marshall àti NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund láti pèsè ìwé ẹ̀rí nípa ìtumọ̀ Amendment Kẹrìnlá (Fourteenth Amendment) fún ẹjọ́ Brown v. Board of Education. Franklin jiyàn pé àwọn onkọ́wé àtúnṣe náà fẹ́ dá ìdọ́gba gidi (full equality) sílẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ti di pípa nínú ìṣèlú àti ìṣúná lẹ́yìn ìgbà náà. Ìwádìí rẹ̀ ràn lọ́́wọ́ láti dènà ìjìyà àwọn tí ń dá segregation lórí ìlànà pé Amendment náà kò lè yọ ìyapa ẹ̀yà kúrò. Ní ọdún 1956, John Hope Franklin di olórí (chairman) ẹ̀ka ìtàn ní Brooklyn College, èyí sì mú kó di ẹni aláwọ̀ dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí yóò di olórí ẹ̀ka bẹ́ẹ̀ ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga kan tí kì í ṣe HBCU. Ní ọdún kan náà, ó tún tẹ ìwé rẹ̀ The Militant South, 1800 to 1861 jáde pẹ̀lú Harvard University Press, tó fi ìpò rẹ̀ hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí onímọ̀ ìtàn olókìkí. Ìwé yìí ṣàlàyé ìtàn ìwà-ipa àti ìhùwàsí ìṣèlú tó lagbara ní Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà ṣáájú Ogun Abẹ́lé, ó sì ràn àwọn ará Amẹ́ríkà lọ́wọ́ láti lóye ìbáṣepọ̀ láàárín àṣà aláwọ̀ funfun gúúsù, ẹrú, àti ìwà-ipa. Ọ̀pọ̀ iṣẹ́ ìmọ̀ rẹ̀, tó tó ìwé mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n (25 books) àti ju àpilẹ̀kọ ọgọ́rùn-ún (100 articles) lọ, wà ní ààárín ìtàn Gúúsù àti ìtàn àwọn ọmọ Afirika-Amẹ́ríkà. Iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ lórí Reconstruction, pẹ̀lú ìwádìí fún ẹjọ́ Brown v. Board of Education àti ìwé Reconstruction: After the Civil War (1961), ràn lọ́́wọ́ láti yí ìtúmọ̀ aṣìṣe Dunning School padà. Ó fi hàn pé àwọn ìjọba Reconstruction kì í ṣe aláìmọ̀ tàbí oníbàjẹ́ ju àwọn ìjọba ìpínlẹ̀ tí àwọn aláwọ̀ funfun ń dari ní àkókò yẹn lọ, ó sì tún fi hàn pé wọ́n kópa nínú mímú Gúúsù lẹ́yìn Ogun Abẹ́lé dàgbà pẹ̀lú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gbangba àti àwọn àtúnṣe àwùjọ. Ní ọdún 1964, Franklin lọ sí University of Chicago, di ẹni aláwọ̀ dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí yóò kọ́ ní ẹ̀ka ìtàn ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ olókìkí yìí. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó kópa nínú Selma to Montgomery march, tó fi hàn pé ó jẹ́ amòye àti ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdájọ́ awùjọ ní àkókò kan naa. Ó kọ ìpè láti ọwọ́ Ààrẹ Lyndon B. Johnson láti ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí diplomat, ṣùgbọ́n ó gba láti ṣiṣẹ́ nínú President’s Advisory Commission on Ambassadorial Appointments. Ní Chicago, Franklin jẹ́ olórí ẹ̀ka ìtàn, láti 1968 sí 1982 ó di John Matthews Manly Distinguished Service Professor. Ní 1982, ó darapọ̀ mọ́ Duke University gẹ́gẹ́ bí James B. Duke Professor of History, di ẹni aláwọ̀ dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí yóò di olùgbé ìpò olóyè (endowed chair) ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, tó jẹ́ pé ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà ti jẹ́ ti ìyàtọ̀ ẹ̀yà tẹ́lẹ̀. Lẹ́yìn ìfẹ̀yìntì rẹ̀ nínú ẹ̀ka ìtàn, ó tún kọ́ni ní Duke Law School títí di 1992. Ó gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọlá àmì ẹyẹ (academic honors), John Hope Franklin sì jẹ́ ààrẹ́ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ilé-ìjọṣepọ̀ ìmọ̀ ìtàn, pẹ̀lú American Historical Association, Southern Historical Association, Organization of American Historians, American Studies Association, àti Phi Beta Kappa. Ó tún ṣe Jefferson Lecture fún National Endowment for the Humanities, ó sì jẹ́ Pitt Professor of American History and Institutions ní Cambridge University. Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ àjọṣepọ̀ wọ̀nyí, ó gba tó ìyẹ̀rìndínlọ́gọ́rin (150) honorary degrees. Láìkọjá ẹ̀ka ìmọ̀ rẹ̀, Franklin tún jẹ́ olórí board of trustees fún Fisk University, ó sì ṣiṣẹ́ lórí àjọ-ọ̀gbà fún American Council of Learned Societies, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Chicago Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago Public Library, àti Illinois Bell Telephone. Ní ọ̀pọ̀ nínú àwọn ipò yìí, ó jẹ́ ẹni aláwọ̀ dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí yóò di olórí. Ní 1995, NAACP fún un ní Spingarn Medal, ìyẹn ọlá gíga jù lọ wọn. Ní ọdún kan náà, Ààrẹ Bill Clinton fún un ní Presidential Medal of Freedom, ọlá ará ìlú gíga jù lọ ní Amẹ́ríkà. Síbẹ̀, kódà ní àkókò yìí, ó tún ní ìrírí ẹlẹ́yà: nígbà tí ó ń kúrò ní Cosmos Club ní Washington, obìnrin funfun kan bẹ̀ ẹ́ pé kó gba ẹ̀wù rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni pé òun jẹ́ oṣiṣẹ́ ilé-ìgbàlejò, kì í ṣe alejo. Ní 1997, Clinton yàn án láti darí Advisory Board to the President’s Initiative on Race. Ní 2006, ó gba John W. Kluge Prize láti Library of Congress fún ìṣẹ́ àyọkà ìgbésí-ayé rẹ̀ ní ẹ̀ka humanities. Ní ọdún kan náà, lẹ́yìn ọjọ́-ìbí rẹ̀ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rin (91), ó tẹ ìtàn ìgbésí-ayé rẹ̀ jáde Mirror to America: The Autobiography of John Hope Franklin. Ìlú Tulsa dá John Hope Franklin Center for Reconciliation sílẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìrántí àwọn olùfarapa Tulsa Race Riot 1921. Duke University tún dá John Hope Franklin Center for Interdisciplinary and International Studies sílẹ̀, àti Duke Law School dá chair ní ìtàn òfin ní orúkọ rẹ̀. Ó kú ní Durham, North Carolina ní 2009, àti pé ẹ̀dá kẹsàn-án ti From Slavery to Freedom ni a tún tẹ̀ jáde lẹ́yìn ikú rẹ̀ ní ọdún méjì lẹ́yìn náà. Ìṣẹ́ rẹ̀ tó pé ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rin (60+) dá ìtàn ìmọ̀ ìtàn rẹ̀ dúró gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun-ini gíga, ó sì tún mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ọmọ-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ di olókìkí. Franklin jẹ́ akọ́kọ́ aláwọ̀ dúdú ní ọ̀pọ̀ ipò olórí, ó sì ṣí ọ̀nà fún ọ̀pọ̀ onímọ̀ aláwọ̀ dúdú ní gbogbo ẹ̀ka ẹ̀kọ́. Ní ìfihàn òkìkí rẹ̀, àwọn ẹni pàtàkì bíi Bill Clinton àti adarí ẹ̀tọ́ aráàlú Vernon Jordan sọ̀rọ̀ ní ìṣẹ̀ ìrántí rẹ̀ ní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2009. ==Àwọn ìwé ìtàn (Bibliography)== Àwọn John Hope Franklin Papers wà ní Rubenstein Library, Duke University. Lára àwọn ìwé pàtàkì rẹ̀ ni Racial Equality in America (1976) àti, pẹ̀lú Loren Schweninger, Runaway Slaves: Rebels on the Plantation (1999) open popover⁠�. Franklin’s students published a festschrift in his honor: Eric Anderson and Alfred A. Moss, Jr., The Facts of Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of John Hope Franklin (1991) open popover⁠�. Essays on Franklin by scholars include: Paul Finkelman, “John Hope Franklin,” in Robert Allen Rutland, ed. Clio’s Favorites: Leading Historians of the United States, 1945–2000 (2000) open popover⁠�; àti George Frederickson, “Pioneer,” New York Review of Books, 23 Sept. 1993 https://www-nybooks-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/articles/1993/09/23/pioneer/⁠�. Àwọn ìtẹjade ìkú rẹ̀ (obituaries) tún farahàn nínú The New York Times, ọjọ́ 25 Oṣù Kẹta, 2009, àti The Washington Post, ọjọ́ kan náà. 8y4ojgmlcjnamb0xdxx0ygvdmmalycc 625074 625072 2026-07-02T11:47:03Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 625074 wikitext text/x-wiki John Hope Franklin tí won bí ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù Kínní, Ó jẹ́ akọ̀wé ìtàn, amòye, ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdájọ́ awùjọ (civil rights activist) àti olùkọ́ni nípa ọ̀rọ̀ ìṣèlú àti àwùjọ. A bí i ní ìlú Rentiesville, Oklahoma, ìlú tí gbogbo olùgbé rẹ̀ jẹ́ aláwọ̀ dúdú. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Mollie (Parker) Franklin àti Buck Colbert Franklin. Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ agbẹjọ́rò, olùṣàkóso ọ́fíìsì ìfìwéránṣẹ́ (postmaster), àti oníṣòwò kékeré, ó sì ti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Roger Williams College àti Atlanta Baptist College (tí a tún mọ̀ sí Morehouse College). Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọmọ ènìyàn tí a ti fi ṣe ẹrú ní ilẹ̀ Choctaw, ó sì tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ọmọ ogun United States Colored Troops nígbà Ogun Abẹ́lé. Nígbà tí Franklin pé ní ọmọ ọdún márùn-ún, baba rẹ̀ kó lọ sí Tulsa láti dá ilé iṣẹ́ òfin sílẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ kó ìdílé rẹ̀ wá síbẹ̀ ní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún ẹgbẹ̀rún kan, ọgọ́rùn-ún mẹ́sàn-dín-lọ́gọ́rin àti ogún-dín-lọ́gọ́rin, ṣùgbọ́n Ìrúkèrúdò Tulsa (Tulsa Race Riot) tó ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Karùn-ún pa apá tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú agbègbè Black Greenwood run, pẹ̀lú ọ́fíìsì òfin baba rẹ̀. Ìdílé rẹ̀ sì tún padà sí Tulsa . Ní ọdún 1931, John Hope Franklin parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Booker T. Washington High School tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú. Ó jẹ́ ààrẹ́ (president) ti kiláàsì ọdún ìkẹyìn rẹ̀, ó sì tún jẹ́ valedictorian. Ní Tulsa, ó ní láti gbé lábẹ́ ẹ̀tọ́ Jim Crow (segregation), ó sì máa ń fara da ìbànújẹ àti ẹ̀gàn. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó jẹ́ olólùfẹ́ orin, pàápàá orin classical music, wọ́n máa ń fi í jókòó sí apá “Jim Crow section” níbi ere orin àti ilé eré ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó lọ sí Fisk University ní Nashville pẹ̀lú ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ (full tuition scholarship), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ní láti ṣiṣẹ́ láti san owó ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀. Níbẹ̀, ó di ààrẹ́ ìgbìmọ̀ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àti ààrẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ (Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity). Ó tún kọrin nínú akọrin ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ (choir), èyí tó jẹ́ kó ní àǹfààní láti kópa nínú eré orin ní Carnegie Hall, ó sì ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ìwé ìròyìn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, Franklin fẹ́ tẹ̀lé baba rẹ̀ nípa òfin (law), ṣùgbọ́n ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, ó ní ìtẹ̀síra púpọ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ olùkọ́ itan rẹ̀, Theodore Currier. Nígbà tí ó parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní 1935, ó lọ sí Harvard University láti lepa Ph.D. ní itan (history). Currier tún yá $500 láti fi ran Franklin lọ sí Cambridge àti láti san owó ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. John Hope Franklin gba ìwé-ẹ̀rí Ph.D. rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1941, nígbà tí ọdún 1943 ilé ìtẹ̀wé University of North Carolina Press tẹ ìtúnṣe ìwádìí rẹ̀ jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí The Free Negro in North Carolina, 1790–1860. Ohun pàtàkì ni pé ìwé àkọ́kọ́ Franklin ni a tẹ̀ jáde nípasẹ̀ ilé ìtẹ̀wé yunifásítì ìpínlẹ̀ gúúsù (Southern state university press), ṣùgbọ́n òun fúnra rẹ̀ kì í bá a ti lè kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tàbí kọ́ni ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà ní àkókò yẹn. Títí di ọjọ́ ikú rẹ̀ ní 2009, ìwé yìí ṣi wà ní ìtẹ̀síwájú ìtẹ̀jáde. Nígbà ìwádìí rẹ̀, olùtọ́jú àkójọ ìwé kan ní Louisiana pe Franklin ní orúkọ ẹlẹ́yà “Harvard Nigger”, wọ́n sì tún fi í sí yàrá ìkànsí tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ fún aláwọ̀ dúdú ní àwọn ìpamọ́ ìtàn kan ní Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà. Ṣáájú àti lẹ́yìn tí ó gba Ph.D., Franklin kọ́ni ní àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ giga àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú, pàápàá jù lọ North Carolina College for Negroes (tí a tún pè ní North Carolina Central University). Ní 1947, ó lọ sí Howard University ní Washington, D.C., ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ giga olókìkí jù lọ fún àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú ní Amẹ́ríkà. Ní ọdún kan náà, ilé ìtẹ̀wé Alfred A. Knopf tẹ ìwé pàtàkì rẹ̀ From Slavery to Freedom jáde, ìtàn àkójọpọ̀ ìtàn àwọn ọmọ Afirika-Amẹ́ríkà tí ó yí pápá ìmọ̀ ìtàn náà padà. A túmọ̀ ìwé náà sí èdè Japanese, French, German, Chinese, Spanish, àti àwọn èdè míì, ó sì ta ju mílíọ̀nù mẹ́ta (3,000,000) ẹ̀dà lọ. Ìwé yìí jẹ́ kó di olókìkí, ó sì jẹ́ kí a lè bẹ̀rẹ̀ kíkọ́ ìtàn àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú níta àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ HBCU. Nígbà tí àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ aláwọ̀ funfun bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ìtàn aláwọ̀ dúdú, ìwé Franklin ni a máa ń lò jù lọ. Ní 1948, Franklin jẹ́ ẹlẹ́rìí amòye (expert witness) nínú ẹjọ́ tó ràn lọ́́wọ́ kí University of Kentucky yọ ìdènà kúrò nínú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga rẹ̀. Ní 1953, ó ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Thurgood Marshall àti NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund láti pèsè ìwé ẹ̀rí nípa ìtumọ̀ Amendment Kẹrìnlá (Fourteenth Amendment) fún ẹjọ́ Brown v. Board of Education. Franklin jiyàn pé àwọn onkọ́wé àtúnṣe náà fẹ́ dá ìdọ́gba gidi (full equality) sílẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ti di pípa nínú ìṣèlú àti ìṣúná lẹ́yìn ìgbà náà. Ìwádìí rẹ̀ ràn lọ́́wọ́ láti dènà ìjìyà àwọn tí ń dá segregation lórí ìlànà pé Amendment náà kò lè yọ ìyapa ẹ̀yà kúrò. Ní ọdún 1956, John Hope Franklin di olórí (chairman) ẹ̀ka ìtàn ní Brooklyn College, èyí sì mú kó di ẹni aláwọ̀ dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí yóò di olórí ẹ̀ka bẹ́ẹ̀ ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga kan tí kì í ṣe HBCU. Ní ọdún kan náà, ó tún tẹ ìwé rẹ̀ The Militant South, 1800 to 1861 jáde pẹ̀lú Harvard University Press, tó fi ìpò rẹ̀ hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí onímọ̀ ìtàn olókìkí. Ìwé yìí ṣàlàyé ìtàn ìwà-ipa àti ìhùwàsí ìṣèlú tó lagbara ní Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà ṣáájú Ogun Abẹ́lé, ó sì ràn àwọn ará Amẹ́ríkà lọ́wọ́ láti lóye ìbáṣepọ̀ láàárín àṣà aláwọ̀ funfun gúúsù, ẹrú, àti ìwà-ipa. Ọ̀pọ̀ iṣẹ́ ìmọ̀ rẹ̀, tó tó ìwé mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n (25 books) àti ju àpilẹ̀kọ ọgọ́rùn-ún (100 articles) lọ, wà ní ààárín ìtàn Gúúsù àti ìtàn àwọn ọmọ Afirika-Amẹ́ríkà. Iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ lórí Reconstruction, pẹ̀lú ìwádìí fún ẹjọ́ Brown v. Board of Education àti ìwé Reconstruction: After the Civil War (1961), ràn lọ́́wọ́ láti yí ìtúmọ̀ aṣìṣe Dunning School padà. Ó fi hàn pé àwọn ìjọba Reconstruction kì í ṣe aláìmọ̀ tàbí oníbàjẹ́ ju àwọn ìjọba ìpínlẹ̀ tí àwọn aláwọ̀ funfun ń dari ní àkókò yẹn lọ, ó sì tún fi hàn pé wọ́n kópa nínú mímú Gúúsù lẹ́yìn Ogun Abẹ́lé dàgbà pẹ̀lú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gbangba àti àwọn àtúnṣe àwùjọ. Ní ọdún 1964, Franklin lọ sí University of Chicago, di ẹni aláwọ̀ dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí yóò kọ́ ní ẹ̀ka ìtàn ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ olókìkí yìí. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó kópa nínú Selma to Montgomery march, tó fi hàn pé ó jẹ́ amòye àti ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdájọ́ awùjọ ní àkókò kan naa. Ó kọ ìpè láti ọwọ́ Ààrẹ Lyndon B. Johnson láti ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí diplomat, ṣùgbọ́n ó gba láti ṣiṣẹ́ nínú President’s Advisory Commission on Ambassadorial Appointments. Ní Chicago, Franklin jẹ́ olórí ẹ̀ka ìtàn, láti 1968 sí 1982 ó di John Matthews Manly Distinguished Service Professor. Ní 1982, ó darapọ̀ mọ́ Duke University gẹ́gẹ́ bí James B. Duke Professor of History, di ẹni aláwọ̀ dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí yóò di olùgbé ìpò olóyè (endowed chair) ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, tó jẹ́ pé ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà ti jẹ́ ti ìyàtọ̀ ẹ̀yà tẹ́lẹ̀. Lẹ́yìn ìfẹ̀yìntì rẹ̀ nínú ẹ̀ka ìtàn, ó tún kọ́ni ní Duke Law School títí di 1992. Ó gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọlá àmì ẹyẹ (academic honors), John Hope Franklin sì jẹ́ ààrẹ́ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ilé-ìjọṣepọ̀ ìmọ̀ ìtàn, pẹ̀lú American Historical Association, Southern Historical Association, Organization of American Historians, American Studies Association, àti Phi Beta Kappa. Ó tún ṣe Jefferson Lecture fún National Endowment for the Humanities, ó sì jẹ́ Pitt Professor of American History and Institutions ní Cambridge University. Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ àjọṣepọ̀ wọ̀nyí, ó gba tó ìyẹ̀rìndínlọ́gọ́rin (150) honorary degrees. Láìkọjá ẹ̀ka ìmọ̀ rẹ̀, Franklin tún jẹ́ olórí board of trustees fún Fisk University, ó sì ṣiṣẹ́ lórí àjọ-ọ̀gbà fún American Council of Learned Societies, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Chicago Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago Public Library, àti Illinois Bell Telephone. Ní ọ̀pọ̀ nínú àwọn ipò yìí, ó jẹ́ ẹni aláwọ̀ dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí yóò di olórí. Ní 1995, NAACP fún un ní Spingarn Medal, ìyẹn ọlá gíga jù lọ wọn. Ní ọdún kan náà, Ààrẹ Bill Clinton fún un ní Presidential Medal of Freedom, ọlá ará ìlú gíga jù lọ ní Amẹ́ríkà. Síbẹ̀, kódà ní àkókò yìí, ó tún ní ìrírí ẹlẹ́yà: nígbà tí ó ń kúrò ní Cosmos Club ní Washington, obìnrin funfun kan bẹ̀ ẹ́ pé kó gba ẹ̀wù rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni pé òun jẹ́ oṣiṣẹ́ ilé-ìgbàlejò, kì í ṣe alejo. Ní 1997, Clinton yàn án láti darí Advisory Board to the President’s Initiative on Race. Ní 2006, ó gba John W. Kluge Prize láti Library of Congress fún ìṣẹ́ àyọkà ìgbésí-ayé rẹ̀ ní ẹ̀ka humanities. Ní ọdún kan náà, lẹ́yìn ọjọ́-ìbí rẹ̀ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rin (91), ó tẹ ìtàn ìgbésí-ayé rẹ̀ jáde Mirror to America: The Autobiography of John Hope Franklin. Ìlú Tulsa dá John Hope Franklin Center for Reconciliation sílẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìrántí àwọn olùfarapa Tulsa Race Riot 1921. Duke University tún dá John Hope Franklin Center for Interdisciplinary and International Studies sílẹ̀, àti Duke Law School dá chair ní ìtàn òfin ní orúkọ rẹ̀. Ó kú ní Durham, North Carolina ní 2009, àti pé ẹ̀dá kẹsàn-án ti From Slavery to Freedom ni a tún tẹ̀ jáde lẹ́yìn ikú rẹ̀ ní ọdún méjì lẹ́yìn náà. Ìṣẹ́ rẹ̀ tó pé ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rin (60+) dá ìtàn ìmọ̀ ìtàn rẹ̀ dúró gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun-ini gíga, ó sì tún mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ọmọ-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ di olókìkí. Franklin jẹ́ akọ́kọ́ aláwọ̀ dúdú ní ọ̀pọ̀ ipò olórí, ó sì ṣí ọ̀nà fún ọ̀pọ̀ onímọ̀ aláwọ̀ dúdú ní gbogbo ẹ̀ka ẹ̀kọ́. Ní ìfihàn òkìkí rẹ̀, àwọn ẹni pàtàkì bíi Bill Clinton àti adarí ẹ̀tọ́ aráàlú Vernon Jordan sọ̀rọ̀ ní ìṣẹ̀ ìrántí rẹ̀ ní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2009. ==Àwọn ìwé ìtàn (Bibliography)== Àwọn John Hope Franklin Papers wà ní Rubenstein Library, Duke University. Lára àwọn ìwé pàtàkì rẹ̀ ni Racial Equality in America (1976) àti, pẹ̀lú Loren Schweninger, Runaway Slaves: Rebels on the Plantation (1999) open popover⁠�. Franklin’s students published a festschrift in his honor: Eric Anderson and Alfred A. Moss, Jr., The Facts of Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of John Hope Franklin (1991) open popover⁠�. Essays on Franklin by scholars include: Paul Finkelman, “John Hope Franklin,” in Robert Allen Rutland, ed. Clio’s Favorites: Leading Historians of the United States, 1945–2000 (2000) open popover⁠�; àti George Frederickson, “Pioneer,” New York Review of Books, 23 Sept. 1993 https://www-nybooks-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/articles/1993/09/23/pioneer/⁠�. Àwọn ìtẹjade ìkú rẹ̀ (obituaries) tún farahàn nínú The New York Times, ọjọ́ 25 Oṣù Kẹta, 2009, àti The Washington Post, ọjọ́ kan náà. fvvd6nv5ahlkb2pqhdokeh4ov094l19 625075 625074 2026-07-02T11:50:37Z Pentho Goldmark 32339 /* */ 625075 wikitext text/x-wiki John Hope Franklin tí won bí ní ọjọ́ kejì oṣù Kínní, Ó jẹ́ akọ̀wé ìtàn, amòye, ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdájọ́ awùjọ (civil rights activist) àti olùkọ́ni nípa ọ̀rọ̀ ìṣèlú àti àwùjọ. A bí i ní ìlú Rentiesville, Oklahoma, ìlú tí gbogbo olùgbé rẹ̀ jẹ́ aláwọ̀ dúdú. Ó jẹ́ ọmọ Mollie (Parker) Franklin àti Buck Colbert Franklin. Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ agbẹjọ́rò, olùṣàkóso ọ́fíìsì ìfìwéránṣẹ́ (postmaster), àti oníṣòwò kékeré, ó sì ti kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Roger Williams College àti Atlanta Baptist College (tí a tún mọ̀ sí Morehouse College). Baba rẹ̀ jẹ́ ọmọ ènìyàn tí a ti fi ṣe ẹrú ní ilẹ̀ Choctaw, ó sì tún ṣiṣẹ́ nínú ọmọ ogun United States Colored Troops nígbà Ogun Abẹ́lé. Nígbà tí Franklin pé ní ọmọ ọdún márùn-ún, baba rẹ̀ kó lọ sí Tulsa láti dá ilé iṣẹ́ òfin sílẹ̀. Ó fẹ́ kó ìdílé rẹ̀ wá síbẹ̀ ní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2000 ṣùgbọ́n Ìrúkèrúdò Tulsa (Tulsa Race Riot) tó ṣẹlẹ̀ láàárín ọjọ́ kọkànlélọ́gbọ̀n oṣù Karùn-ún pa apá tó pọ̀ jù lọ nínú agbègbè Black Greenwood run, pẹ̀lú ọ́fíìsì òfin baba rẹ̀. Ìdílé rẹ̀ sì tún padà sí Tulsa . Ní ọdún 1931, John Hope Franklin parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní Booker T. Washington High School tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú. Ó jẹ́ ààrẹ́ (president) ti kiláàsì ọdún ìkẹyìn rẹ̀, ó sì tún jẹ́ valedictorian. Ní Tulsa, ó ní láti gbé lábẹ́ ẹ̀tọ́ Jim Crow (segregation), ó sì máa ń fara da ìbànújẹ àti ẹ̀gàn. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ó jẹ́ olólùfẹ́ orin, pàápàá orin classical music, wọ́n máa ń fi í jókòó sí apá “Jim Crow section” níbi ere orin àti ilé eré ìtàgé. Lẹ́yìn náà, ó lọ sí Fisk University ní Nashville pẹ̀lú ẹ̀bùn ẹ̀kọ́ (full tuition scholarship), ṣùgbọ́n ó tún ní láti ṣiṣẹ́ láti san owó ìgbésí ayé rẹ̀. Níbẹ̀, ó di ààrẹ́ ìgbìmọ̀ akẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àti ààrẹ́ ẹgbẹ́ rẹ̀ (Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity). Ó tún kọrin nínú akọrin ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ (choir), èyí tó jẹ́ kó ní àǹfààní láti kópa nínú eré orin ní Carnegie Hall, ó sì ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú ìwé ìròyìn akẹ́kọ̀ọ́. Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀, Franklin fẹ́ tẹ̀lé baba rẹ̀ nípa òfin (law), ṣùgbọ́n ní ọdún àkọ́kọ́ rẹ̀, ó ní ìtẹ̀síra púpọ̀ láti ọ̀dọ̀ olùkọ́ itan rẹ̀, Theodore Currier. Nígbà tí ó parí ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ ní 1935, ó lọ sí Harvard University láti lepa Ph.D. ní itan (history). Currier tún yá $500 láti fi ran Franklin lọ sí Cambridge àti láti san owó ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀. John Hope Franklin gba ìwé-ẹ̀rí Ph.D. rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1941, nígbà tí ọdún 1943 ilé ìtẹ̀wé University of North Carolina Press tẹ ìtúnṣe ìwádìí rẹ̀ jáde gẹ́gẹ́ bí The Free Negro in North Carolina, 1790–1860. Ohun pàtàkì ni pé ìwé àkọ́kọ́ Franklin ni a tẹ̀ jáde nípasẹ̀ ilé ìtẹ̀wé yunifásítì ìpínlẹ̀ gúúsù (Southern state university press), ṣùgbọ́n òun fúnra rẹ̀ kì í bá a ti lè kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ tàbí kọ́ni ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà ní àkókò yẹn. Títí di ọjọ́ ikú rẹ̀ ní 2009, ìwé yìí ṣi wà ní ìtẹ̀síwájú ìtẹ̀jáde. Nígbà ìwádìí rẹ̀, olùtọ́jú àkójọ ìwé kan ní Louisiana pe Franklin ní orúkọ ẹlẹ́yà “Harvard Nigger”, wọ́n sì tún fi í sí yàrá ìkànsí tí a yà sọ́tọ̀ fún aláwọ̀ dúdú ní àwọn ìpamọ́ ìtàn kan ní Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà. Ṣáájú àti lẹ́yìn tí ó gba Ph.D., Franklin kọ́ni ní àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ giga àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú, pàápàá jù lọ North Carolina College for Negroes (tí a tún pè ní North Carolina Central University). Ní 1947, ó lọ sí Howard University ní Washington, D.C., ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ giga olókìkí jù lọ fún àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú ní Amẹ́ríkà. Ní ọdún kan náà, ilé ìtẹ̀wé Alfred A. Knopf tẹ ìwé pàtàkì rẹ̀ From Slavery to Freedom jáde, ìtàn àkójọpọ̀ ìtàn àwọn ọmọ Afirika-Amẹ́ríkà tí ó yí pápá ìmọ̀ ìtàn náà padà. A túmọ̀ ìwé náà sí èdè Japanese, French, German, Chinese, Spanish, àti àwọn èdè míì, ó sì ta ju mílíọ̀nù mẹ́ta (3,000,000) ẹ̀dà lọ. Ìwé yìí jẹ́ kó di olókìkí, ó sì jẹ́ kí a lè bẹ̀rẹ̀ kíkọ́ ìtàn àwọn aláwọ̀ dúdú níta àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ HBCU. Nígbà tí àwọn ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ aláwọ̀ funfun bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ ìtàn aláwọ̀ dúdú, ìwé Franklin ni a máa ń lò jù lọ. Ní 1948, Franklin jẹ́ ẹlẹ́rìí amòye (expert witness) nínú ẹjọ́ tó ràn lọ́́wọ́ kí University of Kentucky yọ ìdènà kúrò nínú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga rẹ̀. Ní 1953, ó ṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú Thurgood Marshall àti NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund láti pèsè ìwé ẹ̀rí nípa ìtumọ̀ Amendment Kẹrìnlá (Fourteenth Amendment) fún ẹjọ́ Brown v. Board of Education. Franklin jiyàn pé àwọn onkọ́wé àtúnṣe náà fẹ́ dá ìdọ́gba gidi (full equality) sílẹ̀, ṣùgbọ́n ìtumọ̀ rẹ̀ ti di pípa nínú ìṣèlú àti ìṣúná lẹ́yìn ìgbà náà. Ìwádìí rẹ̀ ràn lọ́́wọ́ láti dènà ìjìyà àwọn tí ń dá segregation lórí ìlànà pé Amendment náà kò lè yọ ìyapa ẹ̀yà kúrò. Ní ọdún 1956, John Hope Franklin di olórí (chairman) ẹ̀ka ìtàn ní Brooklyn College, èyí sì mú kó di ẹni aláwọ̀ dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí yóò di olórí ẹ̀ka bẹ́ẹ̀ ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gíga kan tí kì í ṣe HBCU. Ní ọdún kan náà, ó tún tẹ ìwé rẹ̀ The Militant South, 1800 to 1861 jáde pẹ̀lú Harvard University Press, tó fi ìpò rẹ̀ hàn gẹ́gẹ́ bí onímọ̀ ìtàn olókìkí. Ìwé yìí ṣàlàyé ìtàn ìwà-ipa àti ìhùwàsí ìṣèlú tó lagbara ní Gúúsù Amẹ́ríkà ṣáájú Ogun Abẹ́lé, ó sì ràn àwọn ará Amẹ́ríkà lọ́wọ́ láti lóye ìbáṣepọ̀ láàárín àṣà aláwọ̀ funfun gúúsù, ẹrú, àti ìwà-ipa. Ọ̀pọ̀ iṣẹ́ ìmọ̀ rẹ̀, tó tó ìwé mẹ́ẹ̀ẹ́dọ́gbọ̀n (25 books) àti ju àpilẹ̀kọ ọgọ́rùn-ún (100 articles) lọ, wà ní ààárín ìtàn Gúúsù àti ìtàn àwọn ọmọ Afirika-Amẹ́ríkà. Iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ lórí Reconstruction, pẹ̀lú ìwádìí fún ẹjọ́ Brown v. Board of Education àti ìwé Reconstruction: After the Civil War (1961), ràn lọ́́wọ́ láti yí ìtúmọ̀ aṣìṣe Dunning School padà. Ó fi hàn pé àwọn ìjọba Reconstruction kì í ṣe aláìmọ̀ tàbí oníbàjẹ́ ju àwọn ìjọba ìpínlẹ̀ tí àwọn aláwọ̀ funfun ń dari ní àkókò yẹn lọ, ó sì tún fi hàn pé wọ́n kópa nínú mímú Gúúsù lẹ́yìn Ogun Abẹ́lé dàgbà pẹ̀lú ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ gbangba àti àwọn àtúnṣe àwùjọ. Ní ọdún 1964, Franklin lọ sí University of Chicago, di ẹni aláwọ̀ dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí yóò kọ́ ní ẹ̀ka ìtàn ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ olókìkí yìí. Ní ọdún tó tẹ̀lé, ó kópa nínú Selma to Montgomery march, tó fi hàn pé ó jẹ́ amòye àti ajàfẹ́tọ̀ọ́ ìdájọ́ awùjọ ní àkókò kan naa. Ó kọ ìpè láti ọwọ́ Ààrẹ Lyndon B. Johnson láti ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí diplomat, ṣùgbọ́n ó gba láti ṣiṣẹ́ nínú President’s Advisory Commission on Ambassadorial Appointments. Ní Chicago, Franklin jẹ́ olórí ẹ̀ka ìtàn, láti 1968 sí 1982 ó di John Matthews Manly Distinguished Service Professor. Ní 1982, ó darapọ̀ mọ́ Duke University gẹ́gẹ́ bí James B. Duke Professor of History, di ẹni aláwọ̀ dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí yóò di olùgbé ìpò olóyè (endowed chair) ní ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà, tó jẹ́ pé ilé-ẹ̀kọ́ náà ti jẹ́ ti ìyàtọ̀ ẹ̀yà tẹ́lẹ̀. Lẹ́yìn ìfẹ̀yìntì rẹ̀ nínú ẹ̀ka ìtàn, ó tún kọ́ni ní Duke Law School títí di 1992. Ó gba ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ọlá àmì ẹyẹ (academic honors), John Hope Franklin sì jẹ́ ààrẹ́ fún ọ̀pọ̀ ilé-ìjọṣepọ̀ ìmọ̀ ìtàn, pẹ̀lú American Historical Association, Southern Historical Association, Organization of American Historians, American Studies Association, àti Phi Beta Kappa. Ó tún ṣe Jefferson Lecture fún National Endowment for the Humanities, ó sì jẹ́ Pitt Professor of American History and Institutions ní Cambridge University. Ní gbogbo iṣẹ́ àjọṣepọ̀ wọ̀nyí, ó gba tó ìyẹ̀rìndínlọ́gọ́rin (150) honorary degrees. Láìkọjá ẹ̀ka ìmọ̀ rẹ̀, Franklin tún jẹ́ olórí board of trustees fún Fisk University, ó sì ṣiṣẹ́ lórí àjọ-ọ̀gbà fún American Council of Learned Societies, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Chicago Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago Public Library, àti Illinois Bell Telephone. Ní ọ̀pọ̀ nínú àwọn ipò yìí, ó jẹ́ ẹni aláwọ̀ dúdú àkọ́kọ́ tí yóò di olórí. Ní 1995, NAACP fún un ní Spingarn Medal, ìyẹn ọlá gíga jù lọ wọn. Ní ọdún kan náà, Ààrẹ Bill Clinton fún un ní Presidential Medal of Freedom, ọlá ará ìlú gíga jù lọ ní Amẹ́ríkà. Síbẹ̀, kódà ní àkókò yìí, ó tún ní ìrírí ẹlẹ́yà: nígbà tí ó ń kúrò ní Cosmos Club ní Washington, obìnrin funfun kan bẹ̀ ẹ́ pé kó gba ẹ̀wù rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ẹni pé òun jẹ́ oṣiṣẹ́ ilé-ìgbàlejò, kì í ṣe alejo. Ní 1997, Clinton yàn án láti darí Advisory Board to the President’s Initiative on Race. Ní 2006, ó gba John W. Kluge Prize láti Library of Congress fún ìṣẹ́ àyọkà ìgbésí-ayé rẹ̀ ní ẹ̀ka humanities. Ní ọdún kan náà, lẹ́yìn ọjọ́-ìbí rẹ̀ ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rin (91), ó tẹ ìtàn ìgbésí-ayé rẹ̀ jáde Mirror to America: The Autobiography of John Hope Franklin. Ìlú Tulsa dá John Hope Franklin Center for Reconciliation sílẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìrántí àwọn olùfarapa Tulsa Race Riot 1921. Duke University tún dá John Hope Franklin Center for Interdisciplinary and International Studies sílẹ̀, àti Duke Law School dá chair ní ìtàn òfin ní orúkọ rẹ̀. Ó kú ní Durham, North Carolina ní 2009, àti pé ẹ̀dá kẹsàn-án ti From Slavery to Freedom ni a tún tẹ̀ jáde lẹ́yìn ikú rẹ̀ ní ọdún méjì lẹ́yìn náà. Ìṣẹ́ rẹ̀ tó pé ọdún mẹ́rìnlélọ́gọ́rin (60+) dá ìtàn ìmọ̀ ìtàn rẹ̀ dúró gẹ́gẹ́ bí ohun-ini gíga, ó sì tún mú kí ọ̀pọ̀ àwọn ọmọ-ẹ̀kọ́ rẹ̀ di olókìkí. Franklin jẹ́ akọ́kọ́ aláwọ̀ dúdú ní ọ̀pọ̀ ipò olórí, ó sì ṣí ọ̀nà fún ọ̀pọ̀ onímọ̀ aláwọ̀ dúdú ní gbogbo ẹ̀ka ẹ̀kọ́. Ní ìfihàn òkìkí rẹ̀, àwọn ẹni pàtàkì bíi Bill Clinton àti adarí ẹ̀tọ́ aráàlú Vernon Jordan sọ̀rọ̀ ní ìṣẹ̀ ìrántí rẹ̀ ní Oṣù Kẹfà ọdún 2009. ==Àwọn ìwé ìtàn (Bibliography)== Àwọn John Hope Franklin Papers wà ní Rubenstein Library, Duke University. Lára àwọn ìwé pàtàkì rẹ̀ ni Racial Equality in America (1976) àti, pẹ̀lú Loren Schweninger, Runaway Slaves: Rebels on the Plantation (1999) open popover⁠�. Franklin’s students published a festschrift in his honor: Eric Anderson and Alfred A. Moss, Jr., The Facts of Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of John Hope Franklin (1991) open popover⁠�. Essays on Franklin by scholars include: Paul Finkelman, “John Hope Franklin,” in Robert Allen Rutland, ed. Clio’s Favorites: Leading Historians of the United States, 1945–2000 (2000) open popover⁠�; àti George Frederickson, “Pioneer,” New York Review of Books, 23 Sept. 1993 https://www-nybooks-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/articles/1993/09/23/pioneer/⁠�. Àwọn ìtẹjade ìkú rẹ̀ (obituaries) tún farahàn nínú The New York Times, ọjọ́ 25 Oṣù Kẹta, 2009, àti The Washington Post, ọjọ́ kan náà. 9t724t54ej6fmesgdvvcud5a6q0nifb 0 80816 625073 2026-07-02T11:43:21Z Agbalagba 14929 Ṣ'èdá ojúewé pẹ̀lú "[[File:Conceptual-map-illustrating-the-connections-among-nonhuman-nature-ecosystem-services-environmental-ethics-environmental.jpg|thumb|350px|Conceptual map illustrating the connections among nonhuman [[nature]], [[ecosystem services]], [[environmental ethics]], [[environmental justice]], and public health]]Ìlera àyíká jẹ́ ẹ̀ka kan nínú ìlera gbogbogbò tí ó ń bójú tó gbogbo àwọn apá àyíká àdánidá àti àyíká tí ènìyàn kọ..." 625073 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Conceptual-map-illustrating-the-connections-among-nonhuman-nature-ecosystem-services-environmental-ethics-environmental.jpg|thumb|350px|Conceptual map illustrating the connections among nonhuman [[nature]], [[ecosystem services]], [[environmental ethics]], [[environmental justice]], and public health]]Ìlera àyíká jẹ́ ẹ̀ka kan nínú ìlera gbogbogbò tí ó ń bójú tó gbogbo àwọn apá àyíká àdánidá àti àyíká tí ènìyàn kọ́, tí wọ́n sì lè ní ipa lórí ìlera ènìyàn. Ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ rẹ̀ ń ṣàwárí àwọn ohun tí ó yẹ kí àyíká tó ní ìlera ní, pẹ̀lú ète láti ṣàkóso àwọn nǹkan tí ó ń ní ipa lórí ìlera ènìyàn ní ọ̀nà tó munadoko. Àwọn ẹ̀ka pàtàkì tí ìlera àyíká pín sí ni: sáyẹ́ǹsì àyíká, ẹ̀kọ́ nípa májèlé (toxicology), ẹ̀kọ́ àjàkálẹ̀-àrùn àyíká (environmental epidemiology), àti ìṣègùn àyíká àti ti ibi iṣẹ́ (environmental and occupational medicine).<ref>{{Citation |last1=Dovjak |first1=Mateja |chapter=Health Outcomes Related to Built Environments |year=2019 |title=Creating Healthy and Sustainable Buildings |pages=43–82 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-19412-3_2 |isbn=978-3-030-19411-6 |s2cid=190160283 |last2=Kukec |first2=Andreja |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kelley |first=Timothy |date=2008-07-21 |title=The ecology of environmental health |journal=Environmental Health Insights |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=25–26 |doi=10.1177/117863020800200001 |issn=1178-6302 |pmc=3091335 |pmid=21572828|bibcode=2008EnvHI...200200K }}</ref> ===Ìtumọ̀ Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé=== Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (WHO)<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is environmental health? |url=https://www.ehinz.ac.nz/indicators/overview/what-is-environmental-health/#:~:text=Environmental%20health%20refers%20to%20aspects,psychosocial%20factors%20in%20the%20environment |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=ehinz.ac.nz |language=en-US}}</ref> Ní ìwé kan tí Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé (WHO) tẹ̀ jáde ní ọdún 1989, wọ́n túmọ̀ ìlera àyíká sí: > “Àwọn apá kan nínú ìlera àti àìsàn ènìyàn tí àwọn nǹkan inú àyíká ń pinnu.” Wọ́n tún ṣàlàyé pé ìlera àyíká jẹ́ ẹ̀kọ́ àti ìṣe tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àyẹ̀wò àti ìṣàkóso àwọn nǹkan inú àyíká tí ó lè ní ipa lórí ìlera ènìyàn.<ref>{{Cite book |last=von Schirnding |first=Yasmin E.R. |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/35585 |title=Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health |date=February 2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-966175-6 |editor-last=Detels |editor-first=Roger |edition=6 |pages=1523–1541 |chapter=11.5 Environmental health practice |doi=10.1093/med/9780199661756.003.0240 |access-date=2024-08-12 |editor-last2=Gulliford |editor-first2=Martin |editor-last3=Karim |editor-first3=Quarraisha Abdool |editor-last4=Tan |editor-first4=Chorh Chuan |chapter-url=https://academic.oup.com/book/35585/chapter-abstract/306374236}}</ref> Títí di ọdún ìbílẹ̀ 2016, ojú-òpó wẹẹbù WHO nípa ìlera àyíká sọ pé: > “Ìlera àyíká ń bójú tó gbogbo àwọn nǹkan ti ara, ti kẹ́míkà àti ti ẹ̀dá alààyè tí ó wà níta ara ènìyàn, pẹ̀lú gbogbo àwọn nǹkan tó ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú ìhùwàsí. Ó tún kan àyẹ̀wò àti ìṣàkóso àwọn nǹkan inú àyíká tí ó lè ní ipa lórí ìlera. Ète rẹ̀ ni láti dènà àìsàn àti láti dá àyíká tó ń gbé ìlera lárugẹ sílẹ̀. Ìtumọ̀ yìí kò fi ìhùwàsí tí kò ní ìbáṣepọ̀ pẹ̀lú àyíká sí i, bẹ́ẹ̀ náà ni kò fi àwọn ìhùwàsí tí ó ní í ṣe pẹ̀lú àyíká àwùjọ àti àṣà tàbí àbùdá ìran (genetics) sí i.”<ref>{{Cite web|title=Health topics: Environmental health |url=https://www.who.int/topics/environmental_health/en/ |access-date=10 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Brooks |first1=Bryan W. |last2=Gerding |first2=Justin A. |last3=Landeen |first3=Elizabeth |last4=Bradley |first4=Eric |last5=Callahan |first5=Timothy |last6=Cushing |first6=Stephanie |last7=Hailu |first7=Fikru |last8=Hall |first8=Nancy |last9=Hatch |first9=Timothy |last10=Jurries |first10=Sherise |last11=Kalis |first11=Martin A. |last12=Kelly |first12=Kaitlyn R. |last13=Laco |first13=Joseph P. |last14=Lemin |first14=Niki |last15=McInnes |first15=Carol |year=2019 |title=Environmental Health Practice Challenges and Research Needs for U.S. Health Departments |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |volume=127 |issue=12 |page=125001 |doi=10.1289/EHP5161 |issn=1552-9924 |pmc=6957286 |pmid=31799881 |last16=Olsen |first16=Greg |last17=Stratman |first17=Robert |last18=White |first18=Carolyn |last19=Wille |first19=Steven |last20=Sarisky |first20=John|bibcode=2019EnvHP.127l5001B }}</ref><ref name="i386">{{Cite journal |last1=MacArthur |first1=I. |last2=Bonnefoy |first2=X. |year=1997 |title=Environmental health services in Europe. 1. An overview of practice in the 1990s |journal=WHO Regional Publications. European Series |volume=76 |pages=vii–xii, 1–177 |issn=0378-2255 |pmid=9557583}}</ref> Ìlera àyíká tún ń ṣe àyẹ̀wò bí ìfarahàn sí àwọn nǹkan bí ìdòtí afẹ́fẹ́, ìdòtí omi, àti àwọn kẹ́míkà ṣe lè ní ipa lórí ìlera àwọn ènìyàn ní pípẹ́.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2025-05-09 |title=Environmental Hazards and Risks |url=https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/environmental-hazards-risks/index.html |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Yellow Book |language=en-us}}</ref> ==Àwọn ìtọ́kasí== {{Reflist}} o874hr7wi0d8wfid8328wwmgqiwl2ma