ⵕⵕⴱⴰⴹ

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      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ</namespace>
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      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ</namespace>
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      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ</namespace>
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    <title>ⵕⵕⴱⴰⴹ</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-04T11:31:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
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      <comment>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵙⴳ [[ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ]] ⵖⵔ [[ⵕⵕⴱⴰⴹ]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="29584" sha1="onvw5i63hl7yrjpghkou4or4ee25fz5" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵙⴼⴽⵉⵜ}}
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-spacing: 3px; background-color: #f8f9fa; color: black; margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding: 0.2em; float: right; clear: right; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.5em; width: 22em;&quot;
| align=center colspan=2 bgcolor=#f8f9fa | &lt;font size= +1&gt;'''ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢⵜ : ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴱⵟⵟⴰⵏ *'''&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| align=center colspan=2 bgcolor=#ddd | [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:World Heritage Logo global.svg|20px]] '''ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵏⵉⵙⴽⵓ'''
|-style=&quot;border: 1px solid #eee; background: #f9f9f9;
| align=center colspan=2 | [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Zaouia_in_the_old_Medina_of_Rabat_MedinaStories_2020_023.jpg |250px|center]]
|-style=&quot;border: 1px solid #eee; background: #f9f9f9;
| '''ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ'''
| [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Flag of Morocco.svg|18px]] [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]]
|-style=&quot;border: 1px solid #eee; background: #f9f9f9;
| '''ⴰⵏⴰⵡ'''
| ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ
|-style=&quot;border: 1px solid #eee; background: #f9f9f9;
| '''ⵉⵙⴼⵔⴰⵏ'''
| [https://whc.unesco.org/fr/criteres/ (ii)(iv)]
|-style=&quot;border: 1px solid #eee; background: #f9f9f9;
| '''ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ'''
| 349 ⵀⴰ
|-style=&quot;border: 1px solid #eee; background: #f9f9f9;
| '''ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵟⵓⵎⴱⵓⵏ'''
| 852 ⵀⴰ
|-style=&quot;border: 1px solid #eee; background: #f9f9f9;
| '''ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎ'''
| [https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1401 1401]
|-style=&quot;border: 1px solid #eee; background: #f9f9f9;
| '''ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ'''
| ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵄⵕⴰⴱⵏ **
|-style=&quot;border: 1px solid #eee; background: #f9f9f9;
| '''ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎ'''
| 2012 (ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵍⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 36)
|-
| align=left colspan=2 bgcolor=#ddd | * ⴰⵏⴳⵍⴰⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵢⵓⵏⵉⵙⴽⵓ&lt;br&gt;** ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵔⵜⵓⵜ ⵢⵓⵏⵉⵙⴽⵓ
|}
'''ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⴰⵕⴱⴰⵟ''' ⵏⵖ '''ⵕⵕⴱⴰⴹ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ|ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ]]: ''الرباط'', ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ|ⵜⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ]] ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ: Rabat), ⵜⴳⴰ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ]] ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]]. ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⵎ ⵏ [[ⴰⴳⴰⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙⵉ|ⵓⴳⴰⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⵟⵍⴰⵚ]] ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎ ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]], ⵜⴰⴳⴰ 40 ⵉⴷ ⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔ ⴷ [[ⵍⵇⵏⵉⵟⵕⴰ]] ⴳ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎ, 240 ⵉⴷ ⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔ ⴷ [[ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵔⵉⵇ|ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵟⴰⵕⵉⵇ]] ⴳ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎ, 87 ⵉⴷ ⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍⵜ|ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ]] ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏ. ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⵙⵍⴰ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⴳⵔⴰⴳ|ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⴳⵔⴰⴳ]], ⴰⵢⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰ ⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ «ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ»&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rabat-maroc.net/histoire-de-rabat-et-du-maroc.html ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ] - ''www.rabat-maroc.net'' &lt;/ref&gt;.

ⴳ ⵓⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ, ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ — ⵉⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⵣⴷⵓ ⴰⵕⴱⴰⵟⵉ ⴳ ⴽⵛⵎⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⴳⵍⴰⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ — ⵉⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ 118,5 ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔ ⴰⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥ&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170911041622/http://www.aurs.org.ma/info.php?X+7EOh4tIPZcwlxSQx54ViTa1MorwI/LAmLxnRCzkSk= ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ] - ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵓⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴷ ⵙⵍⴰ.&lt;/ref&gt;, ⵉⵎⵙⴰⴳⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ|ⵜⵎⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ]] ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ [[ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ]], ⵉⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵜⵙⵓⵏⴰⴹ; ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵔⴳⴰ|ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵔⴳⴰ]], ⴳ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ [[ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ]] ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ. ⴰⵢⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴳ 2002&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.jeunesdumaroc.com/3059-Evolution-de-la-decentralisation.html ⴰⵎⵀⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵍⵙⵙⵓⵎⵎⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ] - ''www.jeunesdumaroc.com''&lt;/ref&gt;. ⵎⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵍⴰ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2014 ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵉⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙ|ⵜⵙⵎⵉⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙ]], ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ 577 827 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20171006080706/http://rgphentableaux.hcp.ma/ - [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵉⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙ|''ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵉⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙ'']]&lt;/ref&gt;, ⵜⴳ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ. ⵙ ⵉⴳⵍⴰⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴳⴳⴰ ⵉⴳⵣⴷⵓ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍⵜ|ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jeuneafrique.com/199647/societe/le-grand-rabat-s-veille/ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵏⴽⴽⵔ] - ''www.jeuneafrique.com''&lt;/ref&gt;.

ⵙⴳ 2012, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵣⵎⵎⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⴷⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴳ ⵜⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ [[ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ|ⵡⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ]] ⵏ [[ⵢⵓⵏⵉⵙⴽⵓ]]. ⵜⴼⴽⴰ [[ⵙⵉ-ⵉⵏ ⵉⵏ]] ⵉ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ «ⵜⵏⵉⵍⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2013»&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cnn.com/2013/01/01/travel/top-destinations-2013/index.html ⵜⵉⵏⵉⵍⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2013] - ''CNN''&lt;/ref&gt;.

==ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ==
ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ]] ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ [[ⵉⵎⵡⴰⵃⵃⵉⴷⵏ]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.toutrabat.com/histoire-rabat-historique.php ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ] - ''www.toutrabat.com''&lt;/ref&gt;, ⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ (ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷⵖⵉ [[ⵜⴰⵇⵚⴱⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⴰ|ⵜⴰⵇⵚⴱⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵡⴷⴰⵢⴰ]]), ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵖⵜ. ⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ''ⵕⵉⴱⴰⵟ'' («ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ»&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bdlp.org/resultat?base=MA&amp;query=512033 ⵕⵉⴱⴰⵟ] - ''Base de données lexicographiques panfrancophone''&lt;/ref&gt;). ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ''ⵕⵉⴱⴰⵟ ⵍⴼⴰⵜⵃ, «ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵙⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ».'' ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⴰⵢⵢⴰⵡ ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵓⵎⵏ]] — [[ⵢⴰⵄⵇⵓⴱ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵕ]] — ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵎⵖⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ, ⵉⵀⵢⵢⴰ ⵜⵜ, ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍ ⴰⵙ ⴰⵖⵔⴰⴱ. ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ, ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵉⴼⴹⵏ ⵏ [[ⵉⵎⵡⴰⵃⵃⵉⴷⵏ]] ⴳ [[ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ|ⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ]].

ⴹⴰⵕⵜ 1269, ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵜⵉⵏ [[ⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⵏ]] (ⵍⵎⴰⵔⵉⵏⵢⵢⵉⵏ) [[ⴼⴰⵙ]] ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵜⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ]], ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴷⵉⵔⵣ. ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵔⵣⵓ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉⵙⴽ [[ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵍⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ]] ⴰⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏⵜⵓⵙⴳⴳ ⴰⵎⵔ 100 ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵜⵓⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ 1515. ⴳ 1609, ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵜⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵣⵓⴳ ⵏ [[ⴼⵉⵍⵉⴱ ⵡⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ]], ⴽⵛⵎⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵉⵙ 13 000 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵔⵉⵙⴽ, ⵙⵓⵔⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ&lt;ref&gt;ⵍⴰⵢⵍⴰ ⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏ: [http://cdlm.revues.org/index4941.html ⵙⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ]&lt;/ref&gt;. ⴰⵔ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵜⵥⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ]], ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵙⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ.

ⴳ 1912, ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ [[ⵍⵢⵓⵟⵉ]] ⴰⵙⵖⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵜⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵜⵎⵙⵜⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.telerama.fr/monde/reves-d-architectes-2-3-rabat-par-le-marechal-lyautey-et-henri-prost,103808.php ⵜⵉⵡⴰⵔⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴷⴰⴳ (2/3): ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⵉⵛⴰⵍ ⵍⵢⵓⵟⵉ ⴷ ⵀⵉⵏⵔⵉ ⴱⵔⵓⵙⵜ] - ''www.telerama.fr''&lt;/ref&gt;. ⴳ 1956, ⴳ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵜⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mackoo.com/Maroc/rabat.htm ⴽⴽ ⴷ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ] - ''Mackoo'',‎ 2016&lt;/ref&gt;.

===ⴰⵣⵔⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ===
ⴳ 1875, ⵉⴱⵔⵔⵃ ⴱⵍⵉⵛⵔ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⴳ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]]; ⵜⵜⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⵡⵡⴰⵕ ⵏ ⴷⴷⵓⵎ ⴳ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵊⴰⵍⵉⵍ ⵍⵃⴰⵊⵔⴰⵡⵉ, [http://fouilleurs.temara.free.fr/Articles/ElHajraoui2004.pdf ''ⴰⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵥⵕⵓⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⵎⵉⵙⵜⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵢ''] &lt;/ref&gt;. 

ⵜⵜⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵓⴽⴼⵉⵍⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] (ⴰⵔ 2014) ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵉⴱⵉⴱⴰⵜ ⴳ 1933, ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ 23 ⵉⵎⵙⵓⴽⴼⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵇⵛⵇⴰⵛⵏ, ⵡⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵜⵉⴽⵜ ⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ&lt;ref&gt;ⵄⵉⵛⴰ ⵓⵊⴰⵖ, ⵊⵓⵍⵉ ⴰⵔⵏⵓⴷ, ⵎⵓⵔⴳⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⴷⵉ ⴼⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⴷⵓⵎⵉⵏⵉⴽ ⴳⵔⵉⵎⵓⴷ ⵀⵉⵔⴼⵉ: [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10437-017-9278-7 ''ⵉⵎⵙⵓⴽⴼⵉⵍⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ-ⴽⵉⴱⵉⴱⴰⵜ (ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ): ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵇⵛⵓⵛⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵔⵓⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵃⵏⵏⴰⵛⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵔⵏ'']&lt;/ref&gt;, ⵙⵙⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵙ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⵓⵔⴷⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵎⴰⵔⵙⵉⵙ (1934) ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵜⵍⴰⵏⵜⵔⵓⴱ&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. ⵉⴳ ⴰⵙⵏ ⴼⴰⵍⵍⵡⴰ (1958/1959) ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⴽⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵢⴰⵏⴷⵔⵟⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵙⵏⴰⵏⵜⵔⵓⴱⵓⵙ. ⵢⵉⵏⵉ ⴷⵉⴳⵙⵏ ⵊⴰⵔⴰⵏⵓⴼ (1945) ⵎⴰⵙ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵎⵓⵙⵜⵉⵔⵓⵏ. ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⵜⵏ ⴼⵉⵔⵉⴱⵔⴰⵛ  (1975) ⴷ ⵜⵛⵓⵍⵉⵏⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ. ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ 2000, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵉⴼⵉⵙⵉⵢⵏ&lt;ref&gt;ⴱⵢⵉⵔ ⴱⵉⴱⵉⵔⵙⵓⵏ : [https://www.persee.fr/doc/quate_0004-5500_1971_num_8_1_1166 ''ⵉⵔⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵙⴰⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⵔⵏ ⵉⵏⵣⵡⵉⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⴰⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ'']&lt;/ref&gt;. ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵔⵉⵙⵙ, ⴷⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;ⵔⵓⴳⵔ ⵙⴰⴱⴰⵏ : [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/201932 ''ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ (ⴽⵉⴱⵉⴱⴰⵜ, ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ) ⴳ ⵓⵎⵀⴰⵣ ⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏ'']&lt;/ref&gt;. ⵜⴰⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⴳⵔⴰⴼⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ. ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⴼⴰⵙⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵉⴳⵔⴰⴼⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴳ 1959  ⵙⵖⵓⵔ ⴳ. ⵛⵓⴱⵉⵔⵜ&lt;ref&gt;ⴼ. ⴽⴰⵔⵍ ⵀⵓⵡⵉⵍⵍ ⴷ ⴼⵔⵓⵏⵙⵡⴰ ⴱⵓⵍⵢⵉⵔ : [https://books.google.fr/books?id=QgTgPc14-IgC&amp;pg=PA435&amp;dq=Rabat+neanderthal#v=onepage&amp;q=Rabat%20neanderthal&amp;f=false ''ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵀⴰⵣ ⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏ'']&lt;/ref&gt;.

ⵉⵊⴰⵕⵉⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⵡⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴱⵉⴱⴰⵜ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵔⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵏ : ⴷⴰⵕ ⴰⵙⵙⵓⵍⵟⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ, ⵍⵀⴰⵔⵀⵓⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵍⵎⵏⴰⵚⵔⴰ&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.

===ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵉⵎⵡⴰⵃⵃⵉⴷⵏ===
{{ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵉⵅⵡⴰⵏ}}

==ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵢⴷⴰ==
===ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ===
ⵙⴳ ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2012&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120701222243/http://www.aufaitmaroc.com/maroc/societe/2012/6/29/rabat-inscrite-sur-la-liste-du-patrimoine-mondial-de-lhumanite_181570.html ''ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵣⵎⵎⴰⵎ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴳ ⵜⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ''] - Au fait Maroc&lt;/ref&gt;, ⵜⵜⵓⵣⵎⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴳ ⵜⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ [[ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ|ⵡⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ]] ⵏ ⵢⵓⵏⵉⵙⴽⵓ ⴰⵎ ⴰⴳⵍⴰ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ: « ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ » (ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵜⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵜⵎⵙⵜⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]]), [[ⵜⴰⵇⵙⴱⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⴰ]], ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵉⵎⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ, ⵉⵖⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴳⴳⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵡⴰⵃⵃⵉⴷⵏ, ⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵛⵍⵍⴰⵃ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵃⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ (ⴷⵉⴳⵙ [[ⵜⴰⵚⵚⵓⵎⵄⵜ ⵏ ⵃⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ]]), [[ⴰⴷⴱⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ]] ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵃⴰⴱⵓⵙ ⵏ ⴷⵢⵓⵕ ⵊⵊⴰⵎⵄ&lt;ref&gt;[http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1401/multiple=1&amp;unique_number=1825 ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵕⴹⴰ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ  ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ] - ⵢⵓⵏⵉⵙⴽⵓ&lt;/ref&gt;.

===ⵉⵖⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ===
{{ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵉⵅⵡⴰⵏ}}

==ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ==
===ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ===
ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵜⵙⵓⵏⴰⴹ:

# ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⴰⵍ-ⵕⵕⵢⴰⴹ
# ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵢⵓⵙⵓⴼⵉⵢⵢⴰ
# ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵃⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ
# ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵡⵉⵙⵉ
# ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵄⵇⵓⴱ ⵍⵎⴰⵏⵚⵓⵕ

ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵔⴳⴰ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⵜⴽⵛⵉⵎ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240127182234/http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/0/lois/loi_org_113-14_fr.pdf?ver=2016-06-16-144720-997 ⴰⵣⵔⴼ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ] - ''sgg.ma''&lt;/ref&gt;.

===ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ===
ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵎⵙⵜⵉⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ.

ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵎⴰⴳⴳⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵍ ⴳ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⴼⵉⴱⵔⴰⵢⵔ, ⵎⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵓⴽⵜⵓⴱⵕ&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

ⴰⵎⵔ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⵖⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵎⴰⴳⴳⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵜⵔ ⵏ:

* ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ
* ⵡⴰⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ

ⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰⵍ ⴰ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ, ⵙⵜⵉⵏ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵖⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. ⵉⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵕⵥⵎⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;.

ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ:

* ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⴷⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ;
* ⵉⴳ ⴰⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⵇⵕⴰⴹ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵓⴷⴰⴼ;
* ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ;
* ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵣⵣⴳⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴰⵙⵜⵍⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏ;
* ⵉⵅⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⴷⵉⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵜⵉⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏ;
* ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵣⵡⵔ ⵉⵎⵎⵉⵣⵡⵔⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ, ⴷ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵍⴱⵓⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ;
* ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵔ ⴰⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⵙⵉ ⵜⵉⵖⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ;

===ⵜⵉⵙⵓⵏⴰⴹ ⵜⵉⴷⵖⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ===
{{ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵉⵅⵡⴰⵏ}}

==ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ==
===ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔⵉⵏ===
ⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔⵉⵏ: ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ (ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢ), ⵜⴰⵇⵙⴱⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵃⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ, ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵡⴰⵃⵃⵉⴷⵏ.

ⴳⵔ ⴰⴽⵓⵎⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ, ⵉⴳ ⵏⴷⴷⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⴷⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ: [[ⴰⴳⴷⴰⵍ]] (ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⴽⵡⴰⵏ, ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ, ⵉⵙⵎⵔⴽⵙ ⵜⵉⵙⵖⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ, ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵏ), [[ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵢⴰⴹ]] (ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔⵜ ⵉⴰⴱⵕⵕⵄⵏ, ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔⵜ ⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⵍⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⵇⵙⵏ ⵏ 2000, ⵉⴳ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ).

==ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ==
ⵜⴳⴰ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⵉⴳⵣⴷⵓ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ [[ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍⵜ|ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵜ]]. ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⴳⴳⵓⵔⴰ, ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⴱⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⵙⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴱⵕⵕⴰⵏⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳⵏⵉⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ.

ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴰ ⴰⵙⵖⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰⵢ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. &lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Pietri Square.jpg|ⴰⵙⴰⵢⵙ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ.
Riad District.jpg|ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⵢⴰⴹ.
Bank Al-Maghrib, Rabat.jpg|ⴱⴰⵏⴽ ⵍⵎⴰⵖⵔⵉⴱ.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===ⵉⵙⵖⵏⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ===
{{ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵉⵅⵡⴰⵏ}}

==ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵢ==
ⴷⴰ ⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵥⵟⵟⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⴰⵔ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵟⵓⴱⵉⵚⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⴰⵍⵙⴰ]] ⵙⴳ ⵖⵓⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2019, ⴷ [[ⴰⵟⵔⴰⵎⵡⴰⵢ|ⵓⵟⵔⴰⵎⵡⴰⵢ]] ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ [[ⵜⵔⴰⵏⵙⴷⵉⴼ]], ⵙ ⵓⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵟⵔⴰⵎⵡⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⵙⵍⴰ. ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵖⵙⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵖⵯⵍⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵙⵟⴰⵙⵢⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵀⵉⵔⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵛⵇⵇⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵥⵥⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵜⵉⵀⵉⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉⵢⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵉⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵏ. ⴰⵔ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵥⴰⵕⵓⵕ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵏ, ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ [[ⵙⵍⴰ]], [[ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍⵜ]] ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ; ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ RER ⴳ ⵉⵣⴰⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⴳⵣⵣⵓⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ [[ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ]], ⴱⵓⵇⵏⴰⴷⵍ ⴷ [[ⵙⵍⴰ]]. ⴰⵎⴰ ⵡⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍⵜ]], ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴷ [[ⵇⵏⵉⵟⵕⴰ]] ⴰⵔ ⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓⵏ ⴳ TNR ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵀⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ M6 (ⵜⵉⵔⴽⵉⴱⵉⵏ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴼⵔⵉⵏ), ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵓⵍⴰⵡⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ, ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴰⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ. ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵙⴰⵔ: [[ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ-ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ]] ⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵏⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵃⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ, ⴷ [[ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴰⴳⴷⴰⵍ]] ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⴰⵍ. ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵍⴰⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⴰⵥⵟⵟⴰ ⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ.

[[ⴰⵣⴰⴳⵯⵣ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⵙⵍⴰ]] ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴷ [[ⵙⵍⴰ]]. ⵉⵍⴰ ⵓⵣⴰⴳⵯⵣ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵣⵎⵔⵜ ⵏ 3,5 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓⵜⵏ, ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵜⵜⵉ 485 000 ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2013.&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Voie ferrée Rabat Sale P1060507.JPG|ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵥⴰⵕⵓⵕ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵏ.
Gare Rabat-ville.JPG|ⵜⴰⵖⵙⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ-ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ.
Rabat-Salé airport.jpg|[[ⴰⵣⴰⴳⵯⵣ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⵙⵍⴰ]]
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===ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵢ ⴰⴱⵔⴷⴰⵏ===
====ⵜⵉⵍⴳⴳⵯⵉⵜ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴳⵏⵏⴰⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⴰ====
ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵡⵀⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵜⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵎ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⵉⵏ [[ⵙⵍⴰ]] ⴷ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⴳⴳⵯⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⴱⵔⴷⴰⵏ: [[ⵜⵉⵍⴳⴳⵯⵉⵜ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ]], ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴳⴳⵯⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⴰⵍ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ (2 × 2 ⵉⴱⵔⴷⴰⵏ). ⵜⵉⵍⴳⴳⵯⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⴰⵍ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⴱⵔⴷⴰⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵜⵜⵉ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵢⵉⴼⵙⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⴽⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ. ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵟⵔⴰⵎⵡⴰⵢ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵣⴳⴳⵔⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⴳⵔⴰⴳ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵙⵍⴽⴰⵎⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⵖⵔ ⵙⵍⴰ, ⴷ ⵓⵏⵎⴳⴰⵍ, ⵙⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵟⵓⴱⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⵣⴳⴳⵔⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⴼ.

ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴰⴳⵏⵏⴰⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵏⵢⵓⵎⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵀⵉⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵎ ⵉⵜⵜⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵍⴳⴳⵯⵉⵜ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵓⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵅⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵇⵚⴱⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⴰ. ⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵏⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵜⵜⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⴽ ⵏ ⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵕⵚⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹⵜ, ⴰⵢⴰ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵊⵊ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⵉⴳⵣ ⴳⵔ ⵓⴷⴰⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵎⵏⵛⵜ ⴰⵢⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⵄⵎⵎⴰⵕⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ.&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Pont_Hassan-II.JPG|[[ⵜⵉⵍⴳⴳⵯⵉⵜ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ]]
Cantarat_Salla_02.jpg|ⴰⴱⵔⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵉⵙⵓⵜⵍⵏ ⵉ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ.
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==ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ==
{{ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵉⵅⵡⴰⵏ}}

==ⴰⵏⵣⵡⵉ==
{{ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵉⵅⵡⴰⵏ}}

==ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ==
{{ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵉⵅⵡⴰⵏ}}

==ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ==
{{ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵉⵅⵡⴰⵏ}}

==ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵍⵓⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ==
===ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ===
{{ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵉⵅⵡⴰⵏ}}

===ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ===
{{ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵉⵅⵡⴰⵏ}}

===ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵢⵍⴰⵙⵓⴼⵏ===
{{ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵉⵅⵡⴰⵏ}}

===ⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵏ===
{{ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵉⵅⵡⴰⵏ}}

===ⵉⵎⴰⵏⵓⵏⵏ===
{{ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵉⵅⵡⴰⵏ}}

===ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ===
{{ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵉⵅⵡⴰⵏ}}

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==
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{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ|ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ|ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ}}
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>177304</id>
      <parentid>154305</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T21:11:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⵊⴰⵎⴰⵍ ⵓⴱⵓⵣⵉⴷ</username>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵣⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵕⵇⵇⴰⵚⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵍ ⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵡⴹⴹⵕ.[[ⵍⵇⵓⵔⴰⵏ]] ⵉⴱⴷⵔ ⵜⵜⵏ (ⵜⵜⴰⵡⵕⴰⵜ , ⵉⵏⵊⵉⵍ, ⵥⵥⴰⴱⵓⵕ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵙⵙⴰ),ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⵜ ⵙ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵎⵏ ,ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵡⵇⵇⵔ ⵏⵜⵜⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴳⵣⵏ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⵉⴳⵊⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⵜ , ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵕⵇⵇⴰⵚ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵟⵟⴰⴼⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ.

'''ⵍⵇⵓⵔⴰⵏ'''

[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:First_pages_of_the_Quran_written_by_Şeyh_Hamdullah_in_1503-1504,_Topkapi_A._5.jpg|alt=ⵍⵇⵓⵔⴰⵏ|thumb|ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏ_ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ_ⵍⵇⵓⵔⴰⵏ_ⵜⵓⵔⵔⴰ_ⴳ_1503]]
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|ⵉⵏⵊⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵉⵏ]]
'''ⵜⵜⴰⵡⵕⴰⵜ'''  

[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:020210817 140158 Torah, 19th-20th early 20th century, Przemyśl.jpg|thumb|ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵕⴰⵜ]]

'''ⵉⵏⵊⵉⵍ'''

'''ⵥⵥⴰⴱⵓⵕ'''

'''ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵙⵙⴰ'''
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵣⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵕⵇⵇⴰⵚⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⵍ ⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵡⴹⴹⵕ. [[ⵍⵇⵓⵔⴰⵏ]] ⵉⴱⴷⵔ ⵜⵜⵏ (ⵜⵜⴰⵡⵕⴰⵜ, ⵉⵏⵊⵉⵍ, ⵥⵥⴰⴱⵓⵕ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵙⵙⴰ), ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⵜ ⵙ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵎⵏ, ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵡⵇⵇⵔ ⵏⵜⵜⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴳⵣⵏ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ ⵉⴳⵊⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⵜ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵕⵇⵇⴰⵚ ⵏ ⵕⴱⴱⵉ ⵟⵟⴰⴼⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ.

'''ⵍⵇⵓⵔⴰⵏ'''

[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:First_pages_of_the_Quran_written_by_Şeyh_Hamdullah_in_1503-1504,_Topkapi_A._5.jpg|alt=ⵍⵇⵓⵔⴰⵏ|thumb|ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏ_ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ_ⵍⵇⵓⵔⴰⵏ_ⵜⵓⵔⵔⴰ_ⴳ_1503]]
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|ⵉⵏⵊⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵢⵉⵏ]]
'''ⵜⵜⴰⵡⵕⴰⵜ'''  

[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:020210817 140158 Torah, 19th-20th early 20th century, Przemyśl.jpg|thumb|ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵕⴰⵜ]]

'''ⵉⵏⵊⵉⵍ'''

'''ⵥⵥⴰⴱⵓⵕ'''

'''ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵙⵙⴰ'''
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵙⴼⴽⵉⵜ}}
'''ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ''' ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵯⴼⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⴽⴰⴷⵉⵎⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ. ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ &quot;ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ&quot; ⵙⴳ ⵓⵡⵏⵏⵉ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵜ|ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ]] (universitas magistrorum et scholarium), ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵎⴽⵏ ⵄⵍⴰⵢⵏ «ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵣⵔⴰⵡⵏ». ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵉⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⵉⵙⴷⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ (ⵍⵉⵚⵓⵏⵚ/ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ) ⴷ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ.

ⵜⵜⵏⴼⵍⴰⵢⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ [[ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ]] ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵎⵥⴰⵍⵍⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵀⵉⴱⵏ. ⵜⴳⴰ [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵍⵓⵏⵢⴰ|ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵍⵓⵏⵢⴰ]] ⴳ [[ⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏ]], ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍⵏ ⴳ 1088, ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴰⴷ: 

* ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵯⴼⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ. 
* ⴰⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ (universitas) ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵍⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. 
* ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵥⴰⵍⵍⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ - ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵙⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ - ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵊⵕⵕⵓⵎⵜ|ⵜⵊⵕⵕⵓⵎⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵓⴽⵢⵙⵜ|ⵜⵙⵏⵓⴽⵢⵙⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵍⴰ|ⵜⵎⵥⵍⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⴽⵓⵛⵜ|ⵜⵙⵏⴰⴽⵓⵛⵜ]] ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⵥⴰⵍⵍⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵎ.

==ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ==

==ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ==

==ⴰⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵉⵏ==

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==</text>
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{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵎⵓⴷ}}
{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵙⴼⴽⵉⵜ}}
'''ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ''' ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵯⴼⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⴽⴰⴷⵉⵎⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ. ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ &quot;ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ&quot; ⵙⴳ ⵓⵡⵏⵏⵉ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵜ|ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ]] (universitas magistrorum et scholarium), ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵎⴽⵏ ⵄⵍⴰⵢⵏ «ⵜⴰⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵣⵔⴰⵡⵏ». ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵉⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⵉⵙⴷⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ (ⵍⵉⵚⵓⵏⵚ/ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ) ⴷ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ.

ⵜⵜⵏⴼⵍⴰⵢⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ [[ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ]] ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵎⵥⴰⵍⵍⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵀⵉⴱⵏ. ⵜⴳⴰ [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵍⵓⵏⵢⴰ|ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵍⵓⵏⵢⴰ]] ⴳ [[ⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏ]], ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍⵏ ⴳ 1088, ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⴰⴷ: 

* ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵯⴼⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ. 
* ⴰⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ (universitas) ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵍⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. 
* ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵥⴰⵍⵍⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵎⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ - ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵙⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ - ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵊⵕⵕⵓⵎⵜ|ⵜⵊⵕⵕⵓⵎⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵓⴽⵢⵙⵜ|ⵜⵙⵏⵓⴽⵢⵙⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵍⴰ|ⵜⵎⵥⵍⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⴽⵓⵛⵜ|ⵜⵙⵏⴰⴽⵓⵛⵜ]] ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⵥⴰⵍⵍⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵎ.

==ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ==

==ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴷ==

==ⴰⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵉⵏ==

==ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ==</text>
      <sha1>sydsahp0a8ryb48u84121n339s46o3y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>5585</id>
    <revision>
      <id>177285</id>
      <parentid>177281</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T14:16:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2101" sha1="2clj7lzyx41n4ah2abyeymwd2kqltvq" xml:space="preserve">* ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ|ⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ]] [[ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵙⵓⴼⵜ|ⴰⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ]] ⵓ [[ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ]] [[ⵉⴷⴳⴰⵔ ⵎⵓⵔⴰⵏ]] (ⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⴷⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 104 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ.[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Edgar Morin LslaP 1549751.jpg|Frameless|150px|right]]
* [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ]] ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵜⵏⵔⴰ [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵏⴰⵎⵙⴰ]] ⵙ 3 - 0.
* [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣ]] ⵜⵏⵔⴰ [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⴽⵔⵡⴰⵜⵢⴰ]] ⵙ 2 - 1.
* [[11 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ]] ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵏ [[ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2026|ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ]] ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴳⵉ [[ⵎⵉⴽⵙⵉⴽ]] ⴷ [[ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ|ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴹⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ]].
*[[ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵙ ⵙⴰⵏ ⵊⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ]] ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴹⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ]] ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵏⵔⴰ [[ⴰⵔⵙⵓⵏⴰⵍ]] ⵙ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵢⵉⴳⵔ.
*  ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ &quot;[[ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ (ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ)|ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ]]&quot; ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⵚⴹⵉⵚⵜ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ|ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ]] ⴳ ⵜⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵜⵥⴰⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎ, ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⵉ ⴱⵓⵍ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⴷⵔⵙⵓⵏ.


{{ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ |[[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ|ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙ]] '''.''' [[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ/ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ|ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ]]}}</text>
      <sha1>2clj7lzyx41n4ah2abyeymwd2kqltvq</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>177296</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-03T15:58:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
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      <origin>177296</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2374" sha1="5zzbaohsv5chaeilvgsmhadu9pqksp0" xml:space="preserve">هان سيونغ سوك (في الصورة) تتولى منصب رئيسة وزراء كوريا الجنوبية، لتصبح ثاني امرأة تتولى المنصب في البلاد.
* ⵀⴰⵏ ⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ ⵙⵓⴽ (ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵙⵙⵉⵖⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ, ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ. [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Han Seong-suk's portrait (2025.07).jpg|Frameless|150px|right]]
* [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ]] ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵜⵏⵔⴰ [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵏⴰⵎⵙⴰ]] ⵙ 3 - 0.
* [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣ]] ⵜⵏⵔⴰ [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⴽⵔⵡⴰⵜⵢⴰ]] ⵙ 2 - 1.
* [[11 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ]] ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵏ [[ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2026|ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ]] ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴳⵉ [[ⵎⵉⴽⵙⵉⴽ]] ⴷ [[ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ|ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴹⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ]].
*[[ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵙ ⵙⴰⵏ ⵊⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ]] ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴹⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ]] ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵏⵔⴰ [[ⴰⵔⵙⵓⵏⴰⵍ]] ⵙ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵢⵉⴳⵔ.
*  ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ &quot;[[ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ (ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ)|ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ]]&quot; ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⵚⴹⵉⵚⵜ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ|ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ]] ⴳ ⵜⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵜⵥⴰⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎ, ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⵉ ⴱⵓⵍ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⴷⵔⵙⵓⵏ.


{{ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ |[[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ|ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙ]] '''.''' [[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ/ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ|ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ]]}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>177297</id>
      <parentid>177296</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T15:58:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
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      <origin>177297</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2182" sha1="c6dbc8q0jurd3a5cojys3xinv4apb9i" xml:space="preserve">* ⵀⴰⵏ ⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ ⵙⵓⴽ (ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵙⵙⵉⵖⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ, ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ.[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Han Seong-suk's portrait (2025.07).jpg|Frameless|150px|right]]
* [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ]] ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵜⵏⵔⴰ [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵏⴰⵎⵙⴰ]] ⵙ 3 - 0.
* [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣ]] ⵜⵏⵔⴰ [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⴽⵔⵡⴰⵜⵢⴰ]] ⵙ 2 - 1.
* [[11 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ]] ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵏ [[ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2026|ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ]] ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴳⵉ [[ⵎⵉⴽⵙⵉⴽ]] ⴷ [[ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ|ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴹⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ]].
*[[ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵙ ⵙⴰⵏ ⵊⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ]] ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴹⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ]] ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵏⵔⴰ [[ⴰⵔⵙⵓⵏⴰⵍ]] ⵙ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵢⵉⴳⵔ.
*  ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ &quot;[[ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ (ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ)|ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ]]&quot; ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⵚⴹⵉⵚⵜ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ|ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ]] ⴳ ⵜⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵜⵥⴰⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎ, ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⵉ ⴱⵓⵍ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⴷⵔⵙⵓⵏ.


{{ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ |[[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ|ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙ]] '''.''' [[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ/ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ|ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ]]}}</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-03T15:59:16Z</timestamp>
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        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2190" sha1="2puiijqokem8snyfrss8e3p5p3zugi9" xml:space="preserve">* [[ⵀⴰⵏ ⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ ⵙⵓⴽ]] (ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵙⵙⵉⵖⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ [[ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ]], ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ.[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Han Seong-suk's portrait (2025.07).jpg|Frameless|150px|right]]
* [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ]] ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵜⵏⵔⴰ [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵏⴰⵎⵙⴰ]] ⵙ 3 - 0.
* [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣ]] ⵜⵏⵔⴰ [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⴽⵔⵡⴰⵜⵢⴰ]] ⵙ 2 - 1.
* [[11 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ]] ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵏ [[ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2026|ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ]] ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴳⵉ [[ⵎⵉⴽⵙⵉⴽ]] ⴷ [[ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ|ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴹⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ]].
*[[ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵙ ⵙⴰⵏ ⵊⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ]] ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴹⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ]] ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵏⵔⴰ [[ⴰⵔⵙⵓⵏⴰⵍ]] ⵙ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵢⵉⴳⵔ.
*  ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ &quot;[[ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ (ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ)|ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ]]&quot; ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⵚⴹⵉⵚⵜ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ|ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ]] ⴳ ⵜⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵜⵥⴰⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎ, ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⵉ ⴱⵓⵍ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⴷⵔⵙⵓⵏ.


{{ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ |[[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ|ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙ]] '''.''' [[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ/ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ|ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ]]}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>177299</id>
      <parentid>177298</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T16:03:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
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      <text bytes="2321" sha1="kahlsu1m7uo4wzdsvwziizxjbf79qn9" xml:space="preserve">* [[ⵀⴰⵏ ⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ ⵙⵓⴽ]] (ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵙⵙⵉⵖⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ [[ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ]], ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ.[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Han Seong-suk's portrait (2025.07).jpg|Frameless|150px|right]]
* [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ]] ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵜⵏⵔⴰ [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵏⴰⵎⵙⴰ]] ⵙ 3 - 0.
* [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣ]] ⵜⵏⵔⴰ [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⴽⵔⵡⴰⵜⵢⴰ]] ⵙ 2 - 1 ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ.
* [[11 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ]] ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵏ [[ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2026|ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ]] ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴳⵉ [[ⵎⵉⴽⵙⵉⴽ]] ⴷ [[ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ|ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴹⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ]].
*[[ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵙ ⵙⴰⵏ ⵊⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ]] ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴹⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ]] ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵏⵔⴰ [[ⴰⵔⵙⵓⵏⴰⵍ]] ⵙ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵢⵉⴳⵔ.
*  ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ &quot;[[ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ (ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ)|ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ]]&quot; ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⵚⴹⵉⵚⵜ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ|ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ]] ⴳ ⵜⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵜⵥⴰⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎ, ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⵉ ⴱⵓⵍ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⴷⵔⵙⵓⵏ.


{{ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ |[[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ|ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙ]] '''.''' [[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ/ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ|ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ]]}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>177312</id>
      <parentid>177299</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-04T09:32:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
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      <text bytes="2321" sha1="nonitpphhbjt483tbqm43sjyn15rxv0" xml:space="preserve">* [[ⵀⴰⵏ ⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ ⵙⵓⴽ]] (ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵙⵙⵉⵖⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ [[ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ]], ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ.[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Han Seong-suk's portrait (2025.07).jpg|Frameless|150px|right]]
* [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ]] ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵜⵏⵔⴰ [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴳⴰⵏⴰ]] ⵙ 3 - 0.
* [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣ]] ⵜⵏⵔⴰ [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⴽⵔⵡⴰⵜⵢⴰ]] ⵙ 2 - 1 ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ.
* [[11 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ]] ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵏ [[ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2026|ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ]] ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴳⵉ [[ⵎⵉⴽⵙⵉⴽ]] ⴷ [[ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ|ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴹⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ]].
*[[ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵙ ⵙⴰⵏ ⵊⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ]] ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴹⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ]] ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵏⵔⴰ [[ⴰⵔⵙⵓⵏⴰⵍ]] ⵙ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵢⵉⴳⵔ.
*  ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ &quot;[[ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ (ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ)|ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ]]&quot; ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⵚⴹⵉⵚⵜ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ|ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ]] ⴳ ⵜⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵜⵥⴰⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎ, ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⵉ ⴱⵓⵍ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⴷⵔⵙⵓⵏ.


{{ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ |[[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ|ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙ]] '''.''' [[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ/ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ|ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ]]}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>177313</id>
      <parentid>177312</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-04T09:33:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>177313</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2321" sha1="79h3pbc5umyulp7kb6qbvo1ncxxbya9" xml:space="preserve">* [[ⵀⴰⵏ ⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ ⵙⵓⴽ]] (ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵙⵙⵉⵖⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ [[ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ]], ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ.[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Han Seong-suk's portrait (2025.07).jpg|Frameless|150px|right]]
* [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ]] ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵜⵏⵔⴰ [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴳⴰⵏⴰ]] ⵙ 1 - 0.
* [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣ]] ⵜⵏⵔⴰ [[ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⴽⵔⵡⴰⵜⵢⴰ]] ⵙ 2 - 1 ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ.
* [[11 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ]] ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵏ [[ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ 2026|ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ]] ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴳⵉ [[ⵎⵉⴽⵙⵉⴽ]] ⴷ [[ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ|ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴹⴰ]] ⴷ [[ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ]].
*[[ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵙ ⵙⴰⵏ ⵊⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ]] ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⴰⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴹⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ]] ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵏⵔⴰ [[ⴰⵔⵙⵓⵏⴰⵍ]] ⵙ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵢⵉⴳⵔ.
*  ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ &quot;[[ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ (ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ)|ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ]]&quot; ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⵚⴹⵉⵚⵜ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ|ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ]] ⴳ ⵜⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵜⵥⴰⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎ, ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢ ⵉ ⴱⵓⵍ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⴷⵔⵙⵓⵏ.


{{ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ |[[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ|ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙ]] '''.''' [[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ/ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ|ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ]]}}</text>
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[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Medina, Meknes, Morocco - panoramio (9).jpg|500px|ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⴱⵓⵄⵏⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ [[ⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ]]]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;main-footer&quot;&gt;ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴳ [[commons:Category:Tamazight|ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴽⵓⵎⴰⵏⵥ]]&lt;/div&gt;

{{ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ |[[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ|ⵙⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⴽ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ]] '''.''' [[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ/ⴰⵙⴼⵙⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵉⵏ|ⴰⵙⴼⵙⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵉⵏ]]}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⴰⵎ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ/3 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>5781</id>
    <revision>
      <id>177301</id>
      <parentid>37806</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T16:22:34Z</timestamp>
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        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
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      <origin>177301</origin>
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      <text bytes="806" sha1="aaouow0b3m2mxok587kqp7dtf5fz5vu" xml:space="preserve">ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ: [[3 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ]].
&lt;!-- ⵉⵣⵎⵣⵣⴰ --&gt;

&lt;!-- ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ --&gt;
*[[1659]]: ⵜⴰⵎⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵛⵛⵔⵉⴼ ⴱⵏ ⵄⵍⵉ]], ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵄⴰⵍⴰⵡⵉⵜ|ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵄⴰⵍⴰⵡⵉⵜ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴱⴹⵏ ⴳ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⴰⵙ.
*[[1962]]: ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵉⵔ ⵜⵏⵢⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵔⴼⵉ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵜⴰⵖⵜⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ [[ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ]] ⵙ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ]].

{{ⴰⵎ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ/ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ}}</text>
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      <id>177302</id>
      <parentid>177301</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T16:25:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
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      <text bytes="806" sha1="5hen7nikfhdy4cp14zepo2ciab5fw39" xml:space="preserve">ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ: [[3 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ]].
&lt;!-- ⵉⵣⵎⵣⵣⴰ --&gt;

&lt;!-- ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ --&gt;
*[[1659]]: ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵛⵛⵔⵉⴼ ⴱⵏ ⵄⵍⵉ]], ⴰⵎⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵄⴰⵍⴰⵡⵉⵜ|ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵄⴰⵍⴰⵡⵉⵜ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⴳ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⴰⵙ.
*[[1962]]: ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵉⵔ ⵜⵏⵢⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵔⴼⵉ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵜⴰⵖⵜⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ [[ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ]] ⵙ ⵜⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ]].

{{ⴰⵎ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ/ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ}}</text>
      <sha1>5hen7nikfhdy4cp14zepo2ciab5fw39</sha1>
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    <title>ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⵉⵎⵉⴷⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ/3</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>5782</id>
    <revision>
      <id>177290</id>
      <parentid>176396</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T15:20:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
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      <text bytes="979" sha1="58ygb9j27lpr7lxwimbi5gc6hhcjsij" xml:space="preserve">{|style=&quot;width:100%;background-color:transparent;padding:5px;text-align:center;&quot;
|&lt;u&gt;ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⴷ/ⵜⵉⵏⵉⴷ&lt;/u&gt;: ⵓⵔ {{ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ|ⴼⵀⵉⵎⵖ}}, ⵉⵙ {{ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ|ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵖⴷⴷⴰⴷ}}, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴻⵜⵛⴰⵖ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ {{ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ|ⵛⴱⴰⵄⵖ}}.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;u&gt;ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵔⴰ&lt;/u&gt;: ⵓⵔ {{ⴰⵏⵉⵍⵉ|ⵔⵎⵉⵙⵖ}}, ⵉⵙ {{ⴰⵏⵉⵍⵉ|ⵜⵎⵎⴽⵍⵓⴷ}}, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴻⵜⵛⴰⵖ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ {{ⴰⵏⵉⵍⵉ| ⵊⵊⵉⵡⵏⵖ}} &lt;br /&gt; &lt;u&gt;ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ&lt;/u&gt; ⵜⵉⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ &quot;ⴼⵀⵎ/ⵍⵖⴷⴰ/ⵛⴱⵄ&quot; ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ.
|}
{{ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ|[[wikt:|ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ]] '''·''' [[ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⵉⵎⵉⴷⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ/3|ⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ]]}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ |ⵉⵎⵉⴷⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⴰⵎ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ/4 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>5802</id>
    <revision>
      <id>177322</id>
      <parentid>37914</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-04T11:49:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
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      <origin>177322</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1240" sha1="3yvxczjdbcpdaqrnkehwpvaeq2udha2" xml:space="preserve">ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ: [[4 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ]].
&lt;!-- ⵉⵣⵎⵣⵣⴰ --&gt;

&lt;!-- ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵉⵏ --&gt;
*[[1106]]: ⵜⴰⵎⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⵏ [[ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ|ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵏ]] [[ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵓ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ]] ⴰⵍⵎⵜⵓⵏ ⴰⵥⵏⴰⴳ. ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ.
*[[1953]]: ⴰⴽⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵕⴹ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵄⵕⴱ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴽⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴳⵯⴷⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ.
*ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ [[ⵛⵛⵉⵅ ⵉⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴱⵏ ⵢⴰⵃⵢⴰ|ⵛⵛⵉⵅ ⵉⴱⵕⴰⵀⵉⵎ ⴱⵏ ⵢⴰⵃⵢⴰ ⵃⴰⵊⵊ ⴰⵢⵢⵓⴱ ⵇⵔⵔⴰⴷⵉ]] ⴳ [[ⵍⵎⴰⴷⵉⵏⴰ ⵍⵎⵓⵏⴰⵡⵡⴰⵕⴰ]]. ⵢⵓⵡⵙ ⵙⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔⵉⵜ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚ ⵙⴳ [[1956]].

{{ⴰⵎ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ/ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ}}</text>
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    <title>ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏ/4</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>5804</id>
    <revision>
      <id>177315</id>
      <parentid>171035</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-04T11:31:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
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'''[[ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵜⵓⴱⵉⵢⴰ]]''' ⵏ [[ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ]], (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ]]: جامع الكتبية المراكشي ) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵜⵓⴱⵉⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⵜⵎⵍⴰⵍ ⵉ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵊⴰⵎⵄ ⵍⴼⵏⴰ. ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⴰ ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵏⵙⵍⵎ, ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ, ⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵏⵉⴳⵉⵜ ⴼ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵊⴳⴰⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴽⵓⵍⵓ ⴰⴼⵓⴹⵏ ⵜ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴷⴷ ⵢⵓⴼⴰⵏ, ⵉⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴼ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵯⵔⵔⴰⵎⵜ, ⵜⵟⵟⴼ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⴰⴽⵙⵡⴰⵜ ⴳⵔ ⵡⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ.

ⵜⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵢⵓⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴼ ⵍⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽ, ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⵏⵉⴳⵉ ⴼ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓ. ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵍⴽⵓⵜⵓⴱⵉⵢⴰ ⵉⴱⵏⴰ ⵜⵜ (ⵍⵅⵍⵉⴼⵜ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵓⵎⵏ ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⴳⵓⵎⵎⵉ) ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1147, ⴼ ⵉⵅⵯⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⴰⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵉ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⴰⵔⴽⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵥⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1158, ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵙⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵃⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⴹ ⴷ ⵍⵅⵉⵔⴰⵍⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⴱⵍⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ, ⵉⴳ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵣⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵎⵓⵔⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵙⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ, ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵜⴷⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵖⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ.

{{ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ |[[ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏ/4|ⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ]] '''.''' [[ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵜⵓⴱⵉⵢⴰ|ⵖⵔ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ]]}}
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'''ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⴽⵓⵜⵓⴱⵉⵢⵢⴰ''' ⵏ [[ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ]], (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ|ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ]]: جامع الكتبية المراكشي ) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ (ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵏⵙⵍⵎ), ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⴽⵓⵜⵓⴱⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⵜⵎⵍⴰⵍ ⵉ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵊⴰⵎⵄ ⵍⴼⵏⴰ.

ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⴽⵓⵜⵓⴱⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⴰ ⵏ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵏⵙⵍⵎ, ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ, ⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵏⵉⴳⵉⵜ ⴼ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵊⴳⴰⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵜⵖⴰⵎⴰ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⴰⴼⵓⴹⵏ ⵜⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵢⵓⴼⴰⵏ, ⵉⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴼ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵯⵔⵔⴰⵎⵜ, ⵜⵟⵟⴼ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⴰⴽⵙⵡⴰⵜ ⴳⵔ ⵡⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=ميثاق البهجة |url=https://visitmarrakech.com/ar/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%A9/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Visit Marrakech Morocco - BAHJA SPIRIT {{!}} Guide Officiel pour Voyages, Activités et Événements |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ==
ⵜⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵢⵓⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴼ ⵍⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽ, ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⵏⵉⴳⵉ ⴼ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓ. ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵍⴽⵓⵜⵓⴱⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵉⴱⵏⴰ ⵜⵜ (ⵍⵅⵍⵉⴼⵜ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵓⵎⵏ ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⴳⵓⵎⵎⵉ) ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1147, ⴼ ⵉⵅⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⴰⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵉ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⴰⵔⴽⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵯⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1158, ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵙⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵃⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ ⴷ ⵍⵅⵉⵔⴰⵍⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⴱⵍⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵣⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵍⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽ ⴷ ⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵙⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ, ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵜⴷⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⵙⵎⴰⵏ 17 ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⴼ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵣⴳⵔⵎⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵍⵇⴱⵍⵜ, ⵉⵙⵙⵇⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵏ ⵜⵙⴰⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴼ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⵙⴽⵓⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵖ ⵜⵏ ⵏⵥⵕⴰ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵙⴽⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ. ⵉⴷⵍ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⴼ ⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵜ ⵍⵇⴱⴱⴰⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵃⵉⴷⵏ (ⵍⵎⵓⵡⴰⵃⵉⴷⵉⵏ), ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴹⵉⵚ ⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵍⵎⵜ.

ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ (الحلل الموشية في ذكر الأخبار المراكشية): ‘’ ⵉⴱⵏⴰ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵓⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ, ⵜⴳ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵖ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵊⴰⵎⵄ, ⵉⵙⵙⴼⴰⵍ ⴰⵔ ⵉⴱⵏⵏⵓ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ, ⵉⵅⵍⵓ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴱⵏⴰ (ⵄⵍⵉ ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ).&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ |last=Hazar.Harrak |title=مسجد الكتبية..عراقة في المغرب |url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8-0 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230406101836/https://www.alaraby.co.uk/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8-0 |archive-date=2023-04-06 |access-date=2026-02-16 |work=العربي الجديد |language=ar-AR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ⴰⵙⵏⵓⵎⵍ

ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⴽⵓⵜⵓⴱⵉⵢⴰ, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⵜⵟⵟⴼ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴼⵖⵏⵉⵜ ⵖ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽⵉ, ⵜⵓⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ 5300 ⵏ ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ ⴰⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥ, ⵉⵍⵉ ⴳⵉⵙ 17 ⵏ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⴼ ⴷ 11 ⵍⵇⵓⴱⴱⵜ ⵉⵕⵛⵎⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵏⵓⵖⵏ, ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⵖ ⴼⴼⴰⵖⵏ ⵉⵖⵜⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵊⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵏ. ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵙⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵕⵛⵎⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵏⵓⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴽⵍⴰ ⵣⵖ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵍⵇⵔⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵇⵇⵉ ⵉⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴽⵍⵓ ⵡⴰⴷⴰⵍ ⵉⵙⵎⵔⵉⵇⵇⵉⵢⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ. ⴷ ⵍⵎⵏⴱⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵎⵏⵉⴷⵏ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵛⵛⵓⴹ. ⵍⵎⵏⴱⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵇⵓⵕⵜⵓⴱⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ 12 ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵉ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵛⴼⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴽⵎⵎⵍ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴳ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ. ⵙⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉⵏ ⵍⵎⵏⴱⵕ ⵙ ⵍⴽⵓⵜⵓⴱⵉⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1150.

== ⵜⴰⵎⵢⴰⴷⴷⴰⵏⵜ ==
ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⴷⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⴼ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⴷⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵃⵉⴷⵏ, ⵜⵜⴱⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⵏ ⵍⵊⵉⵔ. ⵙ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵜⴷⵍ ⵙ ⵜⵇⵚⵚⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵔⴹⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛⵉⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵉⵎⵔⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵓⵃⵜⵜⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⴳⵎⵉ, ⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴽⴽⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵇⵚⵚⴰⵔⵜ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴱⴰⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵜ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⴷⴷⴰⵏⵜ 77 ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ ⵙ ⵜⵇⵓⴱⴱⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⵙ 8 ⵏ ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ. ⴽⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⵖⵉ ⵖ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵙⵙⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴳⵯⵣⵏ 12.8 ⵏ ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ. ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵎⵓⵇⵇⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⵢⴰⴷⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵣⵖ ⵓⴳⵯⵎⵎⴰⴹ ⵏ 29 ⵏ ⴽⵉⵍⵓ ⵎⵉⵜⵔ. ⵖⴰⵏ ⴰⴼ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⴳ ⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵎⴽⴹⵏ ⵣⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ, ⵜⵉⵖⵣⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴳⴷⵍⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⴰ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵜⵍⵏ (ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵏⵉⵡⵜ). ⵣⵖ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵍⵍ ⵍⵎⵓⴷⴷⵏ ⵍⴰⴷⴰⵏ, ⵙ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⴼ ⴼ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⴷⴷⴰⵏⵜ.

ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⴷⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵜ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵥⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵊⴳⴰⵍⵜ, ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⴼ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵇⵓⴱⴱⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⴷⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵎⴽ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⵏⵓⵖⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵕⵕⵛⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⴳ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵙⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ.

ⴼ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⴷⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵇⵯⴱⴱⴰⵏⵉⵜ. ⴼ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵇⵯⴱⴱⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵉⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵔⵖ, ⵎⵃⴰⴷⴰⵏ ⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⴼ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵎⵥⵉⵢⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ, ⵉⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵢⵓⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⴼ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜ ⵖ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ, ⴳⵏⵜ ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⵀⴰ, ⵜⵉⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵏⵏⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⵣⵣⵉⴼⵜ ⵣⵖ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵄⵇⵓⴱ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵕ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴼⵔⵓ ⴰⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵜⵕⵥⴰ ⵓⵥⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵕⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⵉⵔⵉⵏ. ⵜⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⴼⵙⵉ ⵓⵔⵖ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ.

ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵛⴰⵀⵓⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⵔⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵕ ⴰⵙⵄⴷⵉ. ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵏⵉⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵇⵓⴱⴱⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⴳⴰⵍ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵓⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴰⵍ, ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵍⵍ ⵍⵎⵓⴷⴷⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵊⴰⵎⵄ, ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⴰⵙⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⴳⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ. ⴳ ⵉⴹ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⴷⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⴼ ⵓⵙⵉⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵛⵏⴰⵏ.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ |title=جامع الكتبية - المعرفة |url=https://www.marefa.org/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9 |access-date=2026-02-16 |work=المعرفة |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ⵜⴰⵙⵙⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ ==
ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵍⵅⵍⵉⴼⵜ ⴰⵎⵓⵃⵉⴷ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵓⵎⵏ ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⴳⵓⵎⵎⵉ (1130-1163) ⵉⴽⵎⵍ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵍⵎⵏⵚⵓⵕ (1199-1184). ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⵙⵉⵜ - ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⴼ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵙⴰⴼⵓ ⵉⵙⵏⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵇⵓⴱⴱⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵯⵎⵎⴰⵔⵜ. ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ ⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵢⵉⵏ(ⵜⴰⵛⵛⵔⴰⴼⵉⵏ). ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⴹⵉⵙ ⵜ ⵜⵎⵚⵕⴰⵢ(ⵜⵣⵓⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ) ⵉⵎⵎⵔⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⴼ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ, ⵎⵎⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⴽⴽⵯⴼⴰⵍ ⵉⵎⵓⵖⴰⴷ ⵉⴷⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵇⵓⴱⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⴱⵕⵕⵎⵏ, ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵇⵓⴱⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵣⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵥⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⴷⵏ.

ⵜⵜⴱⵏⴰ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵕⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⵓⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵣⵖ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵉⵣ ⴳ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ. ⴷ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵉⴼⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵥⴰⵢⵜ ⴼ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ, ⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵢⴰⵊⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ. ⵉⵎⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵊⵓⵕ, ⵉⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⴳⴱⴱⴰⵚⵜ. ⵕⵛⵎⵏ ⴰⵖⵯⵔⴰⴱ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵉⴽⵕⵕⴰⵊⵏ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵜⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⴷⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵕⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵍⵢⴰⵊⵓⵕ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴱⴱⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵥⵕⴰⵏ(ⵙ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵖⵯⵔⴰⴱ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵏⴰⴳⴰⵏ).

ⴳⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵓⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ. ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴽⵓⵍ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ ⴳⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⴽⵏⵓⵏⵏⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵃⴰⴷⴰⵏ ⵎⵎⵉ ⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⴳⵯⵣⵎⴰⵏ. ⴳ ⵓⴳⵯⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵏⵓⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵕⵕⵛⵓⵎ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖⵏ ⴳⵏ ⵕⵕⵛⵓⵎ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵉ, ⴷ ⵕⵕⵛⵓⵎ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ(ⵕⵕⵛⵓⵎ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵔⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⵉⵡⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵊⵊⵉⴳⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⴼⵉⵜ).

ⵕⵕⵛⵓⵎ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴰⴼⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⴳ ⵉⵎⵎⵔⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵇⵇⵉ ⵓⵎⵍⵉⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵀⵡⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵣⴳⵣⴰ, ⵉⴳ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵥⵉⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵜ.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=مركز التراث العالمي - |url=https://whc.unesco.org/ar/list/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ⵕⵕⵛⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ ⴼⵜⴰⵏ ⵔⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵕⵕⵛⵓⵎ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵅⵉⵔⴰⵍⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⴱⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵙⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵃⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⵉⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵣⵖ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⴳⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵕⵕⵃⵎⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵇⵓⵕⵜⵓⴱⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ, ⴰⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴼⵔⴽⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⵔⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ (1571-1562) ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵏⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⴼ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵍⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⵯⵔⵔⴰⵎⵜ ⴽⴰⵜⴰⵍⵉⵏⴰ.

== ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ==
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Koutoubia minaret Mosque in Marrakech at night, Morocco.jpg|thumb|347x347px|ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵜⵓⴱⵉⵢⴰ]]
ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⴷ ⵓⵥⵓⵕ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ (الكتبيين) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵙ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵣⵏⵓⵣⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ. ⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⴷⴷⴰ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⴰⵣ ⵉⵎⵍⴰⵍⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ, ⵉⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⴷⴷⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⴰⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ 100 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⵓⵣⵣⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⴽ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=مسجد الكتبية.. شارك في بنائه 3 ملوك ولقبت صومعته بـ&quot;سبّابة مراكش&quot; |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2024/4/9/%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%ac%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%83-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%87-3-%d9%85%d9%84%d9%88%d9%83-%d9%88%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a8%d8%aa |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ⴽⴽⵓⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵃⵉⴷⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵉⵏ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1147. ⵓⵔ ⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵃⵉⴷⵏ(ⵍⵎⵓⵡⴰⵃⵉⴷⵉⵏ) ⴰⴷ ⴼⵍⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵜⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵉⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⴷⴷⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵏⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⴰⵏⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵉⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⴷ(ⵉⵀⵔⵜⵉⵇⵏ). ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵓⵄⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰ ⵉⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⴽⵓⵜⴱⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴼ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵉⵡⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ - ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ. ⵙⵏⴼⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵃⵉⴷⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 12, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵃⵉⴷⵏ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴱⵍⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵉⵔⵅⴰⵏ, ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵓⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵡⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵥⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵜⴱⵏⴰ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ. ⵜⴽⵎⵎⵍ ⵜⵙⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵖ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ, ⴳⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⴰⴱⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴱⵍⵜ, ⴷ ⵕⵕⵛⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵜⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ, ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵎⴽ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴰⴼⵓ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⵉ , ⵍⵇⵇⴱⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵖ ⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⴽⵯⴼⴰⵍ ⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴱⵍⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 10 ⵜⵙⴽⴽⵯⴼⴰⵍ.

ⵜⵜⴱⵏⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵓⵄⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⵏ (1130-1163). ⵜⴽⵎⵎⵍ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵖ ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1158, ⵥⵥⵓⵍⵍⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵜⴰⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ.

ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴽⵎⵎⵍ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1162-1190-1199. ⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵔⴰ ⴼⵍⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵓⵔ ⴰ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⴰⵏ. ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ, ⴳⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ 30 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ. ⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴼⵍⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ.

ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴽⵓⵜⵓⴱⵉⵢⴰ ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⵣⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵉⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵡⴰⵃⵃⵉⴷⵉⵜ.

== ⴰⵥⴽⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ==
ⴰⴼⵔⵓⵔⵉ ⴼ ⵓⵥⴽⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ, ⴰⴱⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵍⵇⴱⵍⵜ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ. ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵥⵍⵉ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ, ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵉⵅⵯⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵏ. ⵜⵥⵍⵉ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵎⴽ ⴰⵎⵓⵡⴰⵃⵃⵉⴷⵉ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ, ⵣⵖ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵔⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵜⵜ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵏⵏ.

== ⵙⴳ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ==
ⵜⴰⵙⴽⴰ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴷⵇⵇⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵍⴰⵍⵜ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⵔⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ 80 ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ ⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵏⴳ, ⴷ 60 ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ ⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵣⴳⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵣⵖ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⴰⵔ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⵜⵜⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⴷⵇⵇⵉ ⴷ ⵖ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⵇⵇⴼⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵣⵓⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵥⵥⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵯⵔⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴱⵍⵜ ⴷ ⵍⵎⵏⴱⵕ. ⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵯⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵉⵏⴳ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵜ ⴰⵥⵕⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵍⴰⵍⵜ. ⵉⴹⵕ ⵓⵙⵎⴽⵜⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴼ ⵓⵖⵯⵔⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ (ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ). ⴰⴳⴳⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵕⵛⵎⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵎⴽⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵍⵏ. ⵉⴳⵯⵣⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵯⵎⵔⴰⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵉⵙ, ⵎⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ. ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵎⵎⵏⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵇⵇⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⵙⵏ.

ⴰⵇⵔⵎⵓⴷ ⴰⴼⵉⵔⵓⵣⵉ ⴼ ⵉⵖⵯⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⵙⴼⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵇⵇⵉ, ⵙ ⵓⵍⵖⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵓⵖⵏ ⵉⵎⵎⵔⵡⴰⵙⵏ. ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴼ ⵓⵖⵯⵔⴰⴱ ⵕⵕⵛⵓⵎ ⵉⴽⵓⴼⵉⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵍⵏ.

ⵢⵓⵎⴰ ⵓⵙⴰⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵔⵔⵓⵜ 45 ⵏ ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ, ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵔⴰⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵥⵥⵓⵎⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵜⵥⴰ. ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵓⴹⵓ ⵖ ⵜⵓⵥⵥⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵔⴰⴳ. ⵜⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⵏ, ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵣⵖ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜ ⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵣⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵉⵛⴰⵏ, ⵜⵉⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜ ⴰⵡⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴰⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ. ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵉⵡ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜ ⴰⵡⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴰⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵣⵖ ⵓⵖⵯⵔⴰⴱ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ, ⴼ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵍⵓ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ. ⵉⵏⴳⴰⴱⴰⵍ ⵓⵖⵯⵔⴰⴱ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵃⵓⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵏⵓⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ, ⵣⵖ ⵖⵉⴷ ⵉⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵏⴱⴷ ⴳⴰⵎ ⵍⵍⵉ, ⴰⴷ ⵣⵖ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ‘ⵍⴽⵓⵜⵓⴱⵉⵢⴰ’. ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴼⵍⵡⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ, ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵍⴼⵇⵉⵀ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵥⵍⵎⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵏⴱⵕ, ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵜⴰⵍⵎⵇⵙⵓⵔⵜ.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=Client Challenge |url=https://fr.scribd.com/document/476574938/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9# |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=fr.scribd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ: ⵜⵉⵇⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵇⴼⴰⵏ ==
ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵍⴽⵓⵜⵓⴱⵉⵢⴰ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ ⵜⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔ ⵜⵙⵏⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴳ ⵜⵍⵖⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵍⵎⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵖⵯⵔⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴱⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵍⴽⵓⵜⵓⴱⵉⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⵓⵏⴼ ⵙ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵏⴰⴳⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵔⵏⵉⵡ ⴰⵎⵥⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵎⴽ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ. ⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵯⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⵯⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵃⵔⴰⴱ ⴰⵔ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵜ ⴰⴼⴰ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵯⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⵯⵎⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵖⵯⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ, ⴳ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵃⵔⴰⴱ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵜⵇⵓⴱⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ : ⵢⴰⵜ ⵖ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵃⵔⴰⴱ, ⴷ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴼ (الاسطوان) ⵡⵉⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵓⴼⴰⵙⵉ ⵏ (ⵉⵙⵜⵡⴰⵏ.. ⵏ ⵍⵎⵃⵔⴰⴱ ⴷ ⵓⵥⵍⵎⴰⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵇⵓⴱⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵜ ⴼ ⵙⵉⵏ (اسطوان) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵃⴰⴷⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵔⴰ ⵓⴷⵍ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵃⵔⴰⴱ ⴳ ⵙ ⵉⵎⵉⵏⴳ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵜ, ⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⵯⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴼ ⵜⵥⴰ ⵙⴷⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵙⴰⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵎⵔⴽⵙⵏ ⴼⴽⵏⵜ ⵓⴷⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ.

ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏⵏ ⵜⵣⵓⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵜⵣⵓⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵙⴹⵉⵚ ⴷⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴷⵓⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⴰ ⴰⵇⵔⵎⵓⴷ, ⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵓⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⴳⴳⵓⵔⴰ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵉⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵖⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵖ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵎⵙⴰⴷⵏ, ⴷⴱⴱⵏ ⴼ ⵉⵙⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵉⴷⵓⵙⵏ. ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⴷⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵕ ⵃⵓⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⵉⵙ ⵉⵔⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵖⴹⴼⵜ ⵙ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵜⵥⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴼ ⵓⵖⵯⵔⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵃⵔⴰⴱ - ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵛⵏⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⵙ ⵡⴰⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ… ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵣⵖ ⵉⵏⵓⵎⴰⵥ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴽⴽⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵜ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ - ⵉⵏⵓⵎⴰⵥ ⴰⴷ ⴱⴰⵢⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⴽⵓⵜⵓⴱⵉⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ - ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼ ⵓⵣⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵥⵥⵓⵎⵜ ⴼ ⵜⵓⵣⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ. ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵍⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵓⴱⴱⵜ.

ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵍⵎⵃⵔⴰⴱ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵜⵇⵓⴱⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ, ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴼ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵃⵔⴰⴱ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵜ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵙⴹⵉⵚ ⵜ ⵜⵇⵓⴱⴱⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵜⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⵜ ⵙ ⵍⵢⴰⵊⵓⵕ, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ 11 ⵏ ⵜⵇⵓⴱⴱⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ, ⵜⵉⵇⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵕⵛⵎⵏ ⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵯⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵏⵓⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ… ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽⵉⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⴽⵓⵜⵓⴱⵉⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⴰⵍⴽⴰⵢⵜ.

== ⴰⵙⴰⵏⴰⵢ ==
ⵍⵎⵏⴱⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ, ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵎⵓⵎⵏ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴼ ⵓⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ ⵉⵃⴹⴰ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵖ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵔⵛⴰⵏ ⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵡⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵎⴰⵣ ⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ. ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵎⵍ ⵜ ⵓⵎⵔⵣⵓ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵙ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴼⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵍⵎⵏⴱⵕ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵍⵎⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵍⵎⵏⴱⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵣⵖ ⵓⴽⵛⵛⵓⴹ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⴼⵜ ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵡⵔⴰⵖ, ⵉⴽⴽ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⴼⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵥⵕⴼ. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵍⵎⵏⴱⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ.
[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Koutoubia mosque (2847737638).jpg|thumb|ⴰⵔⴳⴳⵓⴱ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵜⵓⴱⵉⵢⴰ]]

== ⴰⵙⴰⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ==
ⴳ ⴹⴰⵕⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵙⴰⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ, ⵉⵟⵟⴼⵏ ⵉⵖⴷⵎⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵣⵓⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵙⴳ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵙⴳⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⴳⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⴰⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱⴷⴷⵏ ⵜ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵯⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵔⴰⴳ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳⵏⵜ ⵜⵅⴼⵡⴰⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⵏⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵥⴰ ⵢⵓⵖⴷⵏ ⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵎ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴳⴳⵯⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵓⵙⴰⵔⴰⴳ. ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵏⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵔⴰⴳⵏ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵉⵇⵚⵔⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵛⴱⵍⵉⵜ.

ⵉⴼⵕⴹⴰⵚ ⴽⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⴽⵓⵜⵓⴱⵉⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵣⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵣⵖ ⵉⵖⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵇⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵥⴽⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴳⵣⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵕⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⴰⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵙⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵉⴼⵍⵡⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵣⵖ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵏⵉⴳⵜ ⵜⵜⴱⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵢⴰⵊⵓⵕ. ⴷ ⵓⵖⵔⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵏⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴱⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵣⵎⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵕⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⴼⴰⵍⴽⴰⵢⵜ. ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵍⵢⴰⵊⵓⵕ ⵃⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵥⴰⵢⵜ ⴼ ⵉⵖⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⵜⴱⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵖⵉⴽⴰⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵇⵙⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴰⵔⴰⴳⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵜⵜⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙ ⵓⵢⴰⵊⵓⵕ.&lt;ref&gt;{{ⴱⴷⵔ ⴰⵡⵉⴱ |title=مراكش |url=https://www.dw.com/ar/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4/t-19453124 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=dw.com |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;center&gt;&lt;/center&gt;

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ]]

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==
{{ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ}}
{{ⴰⵙⵎⵉⵍ|ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ|ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ}}
{{ⴰⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵏⵜⵉⵎ}}
{{ⴰⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ|ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ}}</text>
      <sha1>6fn9nr7pmyhtwx3sup8j6hagdjckw0c</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ</title>
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        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
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      <text bytes="3033" sha1="2olafh99nzxab1qleu9o8dcv27y1z5w" xml:space="preserve">* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵇⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵇⴱⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⴰⵏ (ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵔⵎⵉⵏⴳⵀⴰⵎ|ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵔⵎⵉⵏⴳⵀⴰⵎ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 1370 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ?[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Birmingham Quran manuscript.jpg|frameless|150px|right]]
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴽⵡⵉⴽⵏⵀⵓⴼ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴳ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵎⵎⵓⵜⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 3000 ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵍⵀⵍⵎⵓⵙ ⵓ ⵏⴰⵙⴰⵡ ⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉ, ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ 1574, ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵇⴱⵔⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ [[ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ|ⵓⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ]] ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵡⴰⵏ|ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵡⴰⵏ]] ⴳⵔ 100 ⴰⵔ 400 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⴰⵕ ⵏ [[ⵉⵜⵔⵉ|ⵢⵉⵜⵔⵉ]], ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵓⵜⵔⵉⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴼⵜⴰⵙ/ⵎⵕⵚⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ]] ⴳ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⴳⵔ ⵉⴼⵜⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ|ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ|ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ]]?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵛⵉⴼⵢⵉⵍⴷ ⵓ ⵏⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵇⴱⵔⵏ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ|ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵓⵍ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵙ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⵎⴰⵕⵉ ⴽⵓⵔⵉ]] ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ|ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ]], ⴷⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ|ⵜⴼⵉⵣⵉⴽⵜ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1903 ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ|ⵜⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1911?
{{ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ |[[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ|ⵔⵏⵓ ⵓⵎⵍⵉ]] '''.''' [[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ/ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ|ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ]]}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>177321</id>
      <parentid>177320</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-04T11:48:37Z</timestamp>
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        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
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      <text bytes="3106" sha1="09rp240qtodc8nu4szalj390vquftrt" xml:space="preserve">* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵇⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵇⴱⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⴰⵏ (ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵔⵎⵉⵏⴳⵀⴰⵎ|ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵔⵎⵉⵏⴳⵀⴰⵎ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 1370 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ?[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Birmingham Quran manuscript.jpg|frameless|150px|right]]
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴽⵡⵉⴽⵏⵀⵓⴼ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ [[ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ]], ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ|ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ]] ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴳ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵎⵎⵓⵜⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 3000 ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵍⵀⵍⵎⵓⵙ ⵓ ⵏⴰⵙⴰⵡ [[ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ|ⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉ]], ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ 1574, ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵇⴱⵔⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ [[ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ|ⵓⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ]] ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵡⴰⵏ|ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵡⴰⵏ]] ⴳⵔ 100 ⴰⵔ 400 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⴰⵕ ⵏ [[ⵉⵜⵔⵉ|ⵢⵉⵜⵔⵉ]], ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵓⵜⵔⵉⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴼⵜⴰⵙ/ⵎⵕⵚⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ]] ⴳ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⴳⵔ ⵉⴼⵜⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ|ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ|ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ]]?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵛⵉⴼⵢⵉⵍⴷ ⵓ ⵏⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵇⴱⵔⵏ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ|ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵓⵍ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵙ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⵎⴰⵕⵉ ⴽⵓⵔⵉ]] ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ|ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ]], ⴷⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ|ⵜⴼⵉⵣⵉⴽⵜ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1903 ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ|ⵜⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1911?
{{ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ |[[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ|ⵔⵏⵓ ⵓⵎⵍⵉ]] '''.''' [[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ/ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ|ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ]]}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>177324</id>
      <parentid>177321</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-04T11:57:52Z</timestamp>
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        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
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      <text bytes="3051" sha1="m5jd84o9lgxfwxshfyc0r1rf2r77dz9" xml:space="preserve">*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⵡⵉⵏⵙⵜⵓⵏ ⵜⵛⵔⵜⵛⵉⵍ]] (ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵖⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ|ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ]] ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1953? [[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Churchill V sign HU 55521.jpg|frameless|150px|right]]
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴽⵡⵉⴽⵏⵀⵓⴼ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ [[ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ]], ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ|ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ]] ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴳ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵎⵎⵓⵜⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 3000 ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵍⵀⵍⵎⵓⵙ ⵓ ⵏⴰⵙⴰⵡ [[ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ|ⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉ]], ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ 1574, ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵇⴱⵔⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ [[ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ|ⵓⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ]] ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵡⴰⵏ|ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵡⴰⵏ]] ⴳⵔ 100 ⴰⵔ 400 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⴰⵕ ⵏ [[ⵉⵜⵔⵉ|ⵢⵉⵜⵔⵉ]], ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵓⵜⵔⵉⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴼⵜⴰⵙ/ⵎⵕⵚⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ]] ⴳ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⴳⵔ ⵉⴼⵜⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ|ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ|ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ]]?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵛⵉⴼⵢⵉⵍⴷ ⵓ ⵏⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵇⴱⵔⵏ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ|ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵓⵍ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵙ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⵎⴰⵕⵉ ⴽⵓⵔⵉ]] ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ|ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ]], ⴷⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ|ⵜⴼⵉⵣⵉⴽⵜ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1903 ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ|ⵜⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1911?
{{ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ |[[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ|ⵔⵏⵓ ⵓⵎⵍⵉ]] '''.''' [[ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ/ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ|ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ]]}}</text>
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    <title>ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴳ ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ/ⵜⵉⵎⵃⴹⵉⵜ</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-04T11:45:53Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>/* ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ 5 */</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15478" sha1="nzshhirzvwpkeyhxd0v7i9l3m9ihxem" xml:space="preserve">== ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ 1 ==
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴰⵡⵜ (Vacuun) ⴳ [[ⵉⵖⵣⵡⵔ|ⵢⵉⵖⵣⵡⵔ]] ⵓⵔ ⵜⵓⴳⵉ/ⵜⵅⵡⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵎⴰⴷ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴽⵜⵓⵔ ⵙ &quot;ⵉⴼⴽⴽⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴷⵓⵜⵏ&quot; ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵏⵖⵓⴱⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵣⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵏⵜ (ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴷⴷⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜⴰⵢⵜ|ⵜⵙⵏⴷⴷⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜⴰⵢⵜ]]), ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ &quot;ⴰⵔⴰ&quot; (Néant) ⵢⵓⵎⴰ [[ⵜⴰⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ (ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ)|ⵜⴰⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ]]?[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:NASA-HS201427a-HubbleUltraDeepField2014-20140603.jpg|frameless|150px|right]]
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[5 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ]] ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜⵜ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵜ ⵜⴳⵉ ⵜⵣⵎⴳⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵍⵉⵜ (Blue whale), ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ [[ⴰⴳⵯⵔⵙⵍ|ⵓⴳⵔⵙⵍ]] ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵎⴻⵎⵜ]] ⴳ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵉⴳⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵖⵣⵉⴼ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ 9 ⵉⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥⵏ, ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ 2400 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[8 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ]] ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ; ⴰⵔ ⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 8 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ ⴳ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵜⵉⵎ ⵣⵎⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⴰⴼⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵜⵉⵎ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⴳⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵖⴰⵍ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵔ 3000 ⴰⵔ 5000 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴼⴰⵔⴰⵙ [[ⴰⵣⴰⵜⵉⵎ]] ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⴰⵕ (ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⵙ &quot;ⴱⵉⵜⵔⵉⴽⵓⵔ&quot;), ⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵔⴽⴽⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵣⴰⵜⵉⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵕⵥⵥⵓⵎⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵕⵥⵥⵎ ⵜⴱⴰⴽⵜⵉⵔⵢⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰⵏ ⵙ &quot;ⵊⵢⵓⵙⵎⵉⵏ&quot;, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴰⵢⴰⵏ (Sensory/Sensitive) ⵉ ⵉⵏⵅⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[7 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2023 ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⵕⵥⵎ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ?

== ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ 2 ==
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2017, ⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⴳⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ [[ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⴳⵔⵉ|ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⴳⵔⵉ]] (Homo sapiens) ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ [[ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⵓⴷ|ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⵓⴷ]] (ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ [[ⵢⵓⵙⵓⴼⵉⵢⵢⴰ]] ⴳ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]]), ⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵖⵔ 300 ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ?[[file:Jebel Irhoud 1. Homo Sapiens.jpg|frameless|150px|right]]
* ...ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ [[ⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ]] ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵉⵏⴷⵍⴰⵙ (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ الاندلس)?
* ...ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ [[ⵉⵏⴷⵍⴰⵙ]] ⵉⴳⴰ [[ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ|ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ]] ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴱⵏ ⴱⵍⵇⵉⵏ ⴰⵥⵏⴰⴳ]]?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⴰⵜⵉⵜ [[ⴼⴰⵍⵏⵜⵉⵏⴰ ⵜⵔⵉⵛⴽⵓⴼⴰ]] ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ [[ⴰⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ]]?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵔⵉ ⴽⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ|ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ]], ⵢⴰⵜ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ|ⵜⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1903 ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ|ⵜⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1911?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⴰⴳⵯⴱⴱⴰⵢ ⴰⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏ|ⵉⴳⵯⴱⴱⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏⵏ]] ⵉⴱⵔⵙⴰⴽⴰⵢⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ [[ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ|ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡⵏ]]?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵕⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ]] ⵓⵔ ⵜⴳⵉ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ &quot;ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏⵜ&quot; (ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⴰⵏ) ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴷⵊⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⵙⵉ/ⵉⵎⵎⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ, ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵎ [[ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ]] ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ [[ⵡⴰⵔⵣⴰⵣⴰⵜ]] ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⴱⵓⴳ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵓⵍⴼⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴹⵓⵍⴰⵚ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ Gladiator ⴷ Kingdom of Heaven, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ &quot;ⵜⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢⵜ ⵙ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰⵢ&quot; ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ?

== ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ 3 ==
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⴰⵏ [[ⴰⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏ]] ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ [[ⴰⵏⵟⵓⵏⵢⵓ ⵎⵢⵓⵜⵛⵉ]] (ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⵓⵔ ⴷ [[ⴰⵍⵉⴽⵙⴰⵏⴷⵔ ⴳⵔⴰⵀⴰⵎ]] ⵎⴽⵏⵏⵉ ⵙ ⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ?[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Antonio Meucci.jpg|frameless|150px|right]]
* ...ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 2009, ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 18 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ, ⴰⵏⵕⵡⵉⵊⵉ [[ⵎⴰⴳⵏⵓⵙ ⴽⴰⵔⵍⵙⵏ]] ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵛⵛⵟⵕⵏⵊ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵏ 2800 ⵏ ⵜⵏⵇⵇⵉⴹⵜ ⵙⴳ [[ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓ|ⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓ]]?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵏ [[ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵏ|ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵏ]] ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵓⵍ ⵉ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴳ 225 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵓⵍ ⵖⴼ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵎⵔⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵥⵥⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 243 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⴽⴰⵍ. ⴰⵢⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵎⴽ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ!
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⵢⵉⴼⵢⴰ]] ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ]] ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ [[ⴱⴱⵉⵔⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏⵜ]]?
* ...[[ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ]] ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ [[ⵉⵥⵏⴰⴳⵏ]]?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵀⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵥⵥⵓⵜ ⵏ [[ⵓⵍ|ⵡⵓⵍ]] ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵓⵎⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ &quot;[[ⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜⵢⴰⵏ ⴱⵔⵏⴰⵔⴷ]]&quot; ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⴳ (1967). ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ 18 ⵏ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ, ⵀⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵥⵥⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷ  ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵍⵍⴼⵓⵙⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ [[ⵉⴱⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ|ⵍⵎⵀⴷⵉ ⴱⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ]] ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⴰⵔⵖⵏ]]?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ [[ⵕⵢⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⴷⵔⵉⴷ|ⵔⵢⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⴷⵔⵉⴷ]] ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵍⴼⴰⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ]] ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ [[ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ]]?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ [[ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ]] ⴷ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎ ⴰⴼⵔⴽⵓⴽⴰⵏ (ⴳ ⵜⵊⵕⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⴰⵜ), ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⴽⵓⵜⵜⵓⵢ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⵙⴽⵍ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵥⴰⵢⵏ?

== ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ 4 ==
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⵎⴱⵉⵢⴰⴷ (ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⴰⴷ) ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ?[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Olympic rings with white rims.svg|frameless|150px|right]]
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⴰⵙⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵏⵓⵕ]] ⴳ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⵢⵓⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵙⵜ/ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵍⴰⵖⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⵉⴽⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⵉⴽⴰⵏⵜ]]?
*   ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵔⴳⴳⵓⴱ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⵍ]]&quot; ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⵔⵏⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵔⵉⵡ ⴰⵏⵔⵖⵉ?
*   ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ &quot;[[ⴽⵍⵉⵢⵓⴱⴰⵟⵔⴰ]]&quot; ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ [[ⴰⵢⴼⵓⵏ|ⵡⴰⵢⴼⵓⵏ]] ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵥⴽⴰ ⵏ [[ⵉⵣⴰⵎⵓⴳⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ]]?
*   ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴱⵕⴰⵣⵉⵍ|ⴱⵕⴰⵥⵉⵍ]] ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵙⵏⵉⴳⵉⵍⵏ/ⵜⵜⴳⵏⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[19 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ]] ⴳ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ]]?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[16 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ]] ⴳ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍ]]?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵥⴰⵕⵉⵏ (ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏ) ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵜⴳⴳⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵖⴼ 20% ⵏ [[ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ]], ⵉⵎⴰ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ ⴰⴷⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏ; ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴼⴰⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴰⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵖⴷⴰⵍⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴳⵔ 50% ⴰⵔ 80% ⵙⴳ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⴷⴰ ⵏⵙⵙⵓⵏⴼⵓⵙ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ [[ⴱⵍⵓⵜⵓ]] (ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 16.7 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴽⵎ²) ⵜⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ [[ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ]] (ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 17.1 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴽⵎ²)?
== ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ 5 ==
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵇⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵇⴱⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⴰⵏ (ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵔⵎⵉⵏⴳⵀⴰⵎ|ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵔⵎⵉⵏⴳⵀⴰⵎ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 1370 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ?[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Birmingham Quran manuscript.jpg|frameless|150px|right]]
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ [[ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ|ⵓⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ]] ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵡⴰⵏ|ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵡⴰⵏ]] ⴳⵔ 100 ⴰⵔ 400 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⴰⵕ ⵏ [[ⵉⵜⵔⵉ|ⵢⵉⵜⵔⵉ]], ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵓⵜⵔⵉⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴼⵜⴰⵙ/ⵎⵕⵚⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ]] ⴳ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⴳⵔ ⵉⴼⵜⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ|ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ|ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ]]?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵛⵉⴼⵢⵉⵍⴷ ⵓ ⵏⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵇⴱⵔⵏ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ|ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵓⵍ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵙ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⵎⴰⵕⵉ ⴽⵓⵔⵉ]] ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ|ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ]], ⴷⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ|ⵜⴼⵉⵣⵉⴽⵜ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1903 ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ|ⵜⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1911?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴽⵡⵉⴽⵏⵀⵓⴼ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴳ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵎⵎⵓⵜⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 3000 ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵍⵀⵍⵎⵓⵙ ⵓ ⵏⴰⵙⴰⵡ ⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉ, ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ 1574, ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵇⴱⵔⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ?</text>
      <sha1>nzshhirzvwpkeyhxd0v7i9l3m9ihxem</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>177319</id>
      <parentid>177318</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-04T11:46:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ 5 */</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15478" sha1="940ruc6s5euyvsqgmoawydwktqw3n1n" xml:space="preserve">== ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ 1 ==
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴰⵡⵜ (Vacuun) ⴳ [[ⵉⵖⵣⵡⵔ|ⵢⵉⵖⵣⵡⵔ]] ⵓⵔ ⵜⵓⴳⵉ/ⵜⵅⵡⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵎⴰⴷ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴽⵜⵓⵔ ⵙ &quot;ⵉⴼⴽⴽⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴷⵓⵜⵏ&quot; ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵏⵖⵓⴱⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵣⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵏⵜ (ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴷⴷⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜⴰⵢⵜ|ⵜⵙⵏⴷⴷⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜⴰⵢⵜ]]), ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ &quot;ⴰⵔⴰ&quot; (Néant) ⵢⵓⵎⴰ [[ⵜⴰⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ (ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ)|ⵜⴰⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ]]?[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:NASA-HS201427a-HubbleUltraDeepField2014-20140603.jpg|frameless|150px|right]]
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[5 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ]] ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜⵜ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵜ ⵜⴳⵉ ⵜⵣⵎⴳⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵍⵉⵜ (Blue whale), ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ [[ⴰⴳⵯⵔⵙⵍ|ⵓⴳⵔⵙⵍ]] ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵎⴻⵎⵜ]] ⴳ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵉⴳⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵖⵣⵉⴼ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ 9 ⵉⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥⵏ, ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ 2400 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[8 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ]] ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ; ⴰⵔ ⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 8 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ ⴳ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵜⵉⵎ ⵣⵎⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⴰⴼⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵜⵉⵎ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⴳⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵖⴰⵍ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵔ 3000 ⴰⵔ 5000 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴼⴰⵔⴰⵙ [[ⴰⵣⴰⵜⵉⵎ]] ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⴰⵕ (ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⵙ &quot;ⴱⵉⵜⵔⵉⴽⵓⵔ&quot;), ⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵔⴽⴽⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵣⴰⵜⵉⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵕⵥⵥⵓⵎⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵕⵥⵥⵎ ⵜⴱⴰⴽⵜⵉⵔⵢⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰⵏ ⵙ &quot;ⵊⵢⵓⵙⵎⵉⵏ&quot;, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴰⵢⴰⵏ (Sensory/Sensitive) ⵉ ⵉⵏⵅⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[7 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2023 ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⵕⵥⵎ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ?

== ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ 2 ==
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2017, ⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⴳⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ [[ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⴳⵔⵉ|ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⴳⵔⵉ]] (Homo sapiens) ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ [[ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⵓⴷ|ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⵓⴷ]] (ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ [[ⵢⵓⵙⵓⴼⵉⵢⵢⴰ]] ⴳ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]]), ⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵖⵔ 300 ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ?[[file:Jebel Irhoud 1. Homo Sapiens.jpg|frameless|150px|right]]
* ...ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ [[ⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ]] ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵉⵏⴷⵍⴰⵙ (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ الاندلس)?
* ...ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ [[ⵉⵏⴷⵍⴰⵙ]] ⵉⴳⴰ [[ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ|ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ]] ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴱⵏ ⴱⵍⵇⵉⵏ ⴰⵥⵏⴰⴳ]]?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⴰⵜⵉⵜ [[ⴼⴰⵍⵏⵜⵉⵏⴰ ⵜⵔⵉⵛⴽⵓⴼⴰ]] ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ [[ⴰⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ]]?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵔⵉ ⴽⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ|ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ]], ⵢⴰⵜ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ|ⵜⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1903 ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ|ⵜⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1911?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⴰⴳⵯⴱⴱⴰⵢ ⴰⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏ|ⵉⴳⵯⴱⴱⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏⵏ]] ⵉⴱⵔⵙⴰⴽⴰⵢⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ [[ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ|ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡⵏ]]?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵕⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ]] ⵓⵔ ⵜⴳⵉ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ &quot;ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏⵜ&quot; (ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⴰⵏ) ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴷⵊⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⵙⵉ/ⵉⵎⵎⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ, ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵎ [[ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ]] ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ [[ⵡⴰⵔⵣⴰⵣⴰⵜ]] ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⴱⵓⴳ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵓⵍⴼⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴹⵓⵍⴰⵚ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ Gladiator ⴷ Kingdom of Heaven, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ &quot;ⵜⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢⵜ ⵙ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰⵢ&quot; ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ?

== ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ 3 ==
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⴰⵏ [[ⴰⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏ]] ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ [[ⴰⵏⵟⵓⵏⵢⵓ ⵎⵢⵓⵜⵛⵉ]] (ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⵓⵔ ⴷ [[ⴰⵍⵉⴽⵙⴰⵏⴷⵔ ⴳⵔⴰⵀⴰⵎ]] ⵎⴽⵏⵏⵉ ⵙ ⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ?[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Antonio Meucci.jpg|frameless|150px|right]]
* ...ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 2009, ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 18 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ, ⴰⵏⵕⵡⵉⵊⵉ [[ⵎⴰⴳⵏⵓⵙ ⴽⴰⵔⵍⵙⵏ]] ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵛⵛⵟⵕⵏⵊ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵏ 2800 ⵏ ⵜⵏⵇⵇⵉⴹⵜ ⵙⴳ [[ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓ|ⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓ]]?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵏ [[ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵏ|ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵏ]] ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵓⵍ ⵉ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴳ 225 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵓⵍ ⵖⴼ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵎⵔⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵥⵥⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 243 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⴽⴰⵍ. ⴰⵢⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵎⴽ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ!
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⵢⵉⴼⵢⴰ]] ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ]] ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ [[ⴱⴱⵉⵔⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏⵜ]]?
* ...[[ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ]] ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ [[ⵉⵥⵏⴰⴳⵏ]]?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵀⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵥⵥⵓⵜ ⵏ [[ⵓⵍ|ⵡⵓⵍ]] ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵓⵎⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ &quot;[[ⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜⵢⴰⵏ ⴱⵔⵏⴰⵔⴷ]]&quot; ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⴳ (1967). ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ 18 ⵏ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ, ⵀⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵥⵥⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷ  ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵍⵍⴼⵓⵙⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ [[ⵉⴱⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ|ⵍⵎⵀⴷⵉ ⴱⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ]] ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⴰⵔⵖⵏ]]?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ [[ⵕⵢⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⴷⵔⵉⴷ|ⵔⵢⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⴷⵔⵉⴷ]] ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵍⴼⴰⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ]] ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ [[ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ]]?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ [[ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ]] ⴷ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎ ⴰⴼⵔⴽⵓⴽⴰⵏ (ⴳ ⵜⵊⵕⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⴰⵜ), ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⴽⵓⵜⵜⵓⵢ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⵙⴽⵍ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵥⴰⵢⵏ?

== ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ 4 ==
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⵎⴱⵉⵢⴰⴷ (ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⴰⴷ) ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ?[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Olympic rings with white rims.svg|frameless|150px|right]]
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⴰⵙⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵏⵓⵕ]] ⴳ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⵢⵓⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵙⵜ/ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵍⴰⵖⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⵉⴽⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⵉⴽⴰⵏⵜ]]?
*   ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵔⴳⴳⵓⴱ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⵍ]]&quot; ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⵔⵏⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵔⵉⵡ ⴰⵏⵔⵖⵉ?
*   ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ &quot;[[ⴽⵍⵉⵢⵓⴱⴰⵟⵔⴰ]]&quot; ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ [[ⴰⵢⴼⵓⵏ|ⵡⴰⵢⴼⵓⵏ]] ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵥⴽⴰ ⵏ [[ⵉⵣⴰⵎⵓⴳⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ]]?
*   ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴱⵕⴰⵣⵉⵍ|ⴱⵕⴰⵥⵉⵍ]] ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵙⵏⵉⴳⵉⵍⵏ/ⵜⵜⴳⵏⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[19 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ]] ⴳ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ]]?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[16 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ]] ⴳ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍ]]?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵥⴰⵕⵉⵏ (ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏ) ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵜⴳⴳⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵖⴼ 20% ⵏ [[ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ]], ⵉⵎⴰ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ ⴰⴷⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏ; ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴼⴰⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴰⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵖⴷⴰⵍⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴳⵔ 50% ⴰⵔ 80% ⵙⴳ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⴷⴰ ⵏⵙⵙⵓⵏⴼⵓⵙ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ [[ⴱⵍⵓⵜⵓ]] (ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 16.7 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴽⵎ²) ⵜⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ [[ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ]] (ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 17.1 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴽⵎ²)?
== ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ 5 ==
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵇⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵇⴱⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⴰⵏ (ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵔⵎⵉⵏⴳⵀⴰⵎ|ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵔⵎⵉⵏⴳⵀⴰⵎ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 1370 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ?[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Birmingham Quran manuscript.jpg|frameless|150px|right]]
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴽⵡⵉⴽⵏⵀⵓⴼ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴳ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵎⵎⵓⵜⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 3000 ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵍⵀⵍⵎⵓⵙ ⵓ ⵏⴰⵙⴰⵡ ⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉ, ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ 1574, ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵇⴱⵔⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ [[ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ|ⵓⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ]] ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵡⴰⵏ|ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵡⴰⵏ]] ⴳⵔ 100 ⴰⵔ 400 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⴰⵕ ⵏ [[ⵉⵜⵔⵉ|ⵢⵉⵜⵔⵉ]], ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵓⵜⵔⵉⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴼⵜⴰⵙ/ⵎⵕⵚⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ]] ⴳ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⴳⵔ ⵉⴼⵜⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ|ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ|ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ]]?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵛⵉⴼⵢⵉⵍⴷ ⵓ ⵏⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵇⴱⵔⵏ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ|ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵓⵍ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵙ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⵎⴰⵕⵉ ⴽⵓⵔⵉ]] ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ|ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ]], ⴷⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ|ⵜⴼⵉⵣⵉⴽⵜ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1903 ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ|ⵜⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1911?</text>
      <sha1>940ruc6s5euyvsqgmoawydwktqw3n1n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>177323</id>
      <parentid>177319</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-04T11:57:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
        <id>10568</id>
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      <comment>/* ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ 5 */</comment>
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      <text bytes="15882" sha1="lskd56sszy4gea44ozdpcv7rn9gmlkn" xml:space="preserve">== ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ 1 ==
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴳⴰⵡⵜ (Vacuun) ⴳ [[ⵉⵖⵣⵡⵔ|ⵢⵉⵖⵣⵡⵔ]] ⵓⵔ ⵜⵓⴳⵉ/ⵜⵅⵡⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵎⴰⴷ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴽⵜⵓⵔ ⵙ &quot;ⵉⴼⴽⴽⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴷⵓⵜⵏ&quot; ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵏⵖⵓⴱⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵣⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵉⵏⵜ (ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴷⴷⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜⴰⵢⵜ|ⵜⵙⵏⴷⴷⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⴽⵜⴰⵢⵜ]]), ⴰⵢⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ &quot;ⴰⵔⴰ&quot; (Néant) ⵢⵓⵎⴰ [[ⵜⴰⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ (ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ)|ⵜⴰⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ]]?[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:NASA-HS201427a-HubbleUltraDeepField2014-20140603.jpg|frameless|150px|right]]
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[5 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ]] ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜⵜ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵜ ⵜⴳⵉ ⵜⵣⵎⴳⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵍⵉⵜ (Blue whale), ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ [[ⴰⴳⵯⵔⵙⵍ|ⵓⴳⵔⵙⵍ]] ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵎⵎⴻⵎⵜ]] ⴳ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵉⴳⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵖⵣⵉⴼ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ 9 ⵉⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥⵏ, ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ 2400 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[8 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ]] ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ; ⴰⵔ ⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 8 ⵎⴰⵕⵚ ⴳ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵜⵉⵎ ⵣⵎⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⴰⴼⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵜⵉⵎ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⴳⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵖⴰⵍ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵔ 3000 ⴰⵔ 5000 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴼⴰⵔⴰⵙ [[ⴰⵣⴰⵜⵉⵎ]] ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⴰⵕ (ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⵙ &quot;ⴱⵉⵜⵔⵉⴽⵓⵔ&quot;), ⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵔⴽⴽⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵣⴰⵜⵉⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵕⵥⵥⵓⵎⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵕⵥⵥⵎ ⵜⴱⴰⴽⵜⵉⵔⵢⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵎⴰⵏ ⵙ &quot;ⵊⵢⵓⵙⵎⵉⵏ&quot;, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴰⵢⴰⵏ (Sensory/Sensitive) ⵉ ⵉⵏⵅⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[7 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2023 ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⵕⵥⵎ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ?

== ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ 2 ==
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2017, ⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⴳⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ [[ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⴳⵔⵉ|ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⴳⵔⵉ]] (Homo sapiens) ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ [[ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⵓⴷ|ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⵓⴷ]] (ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ [[ⵢⵓⵙⵓⴼⵉⵢⵢⴰ]] ⴳ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]]), ⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵖⵔ 300 ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ?[[file:Jebel Irhoud 1. Homo Sapiens.jpg|frameless|150px|right]]
* ...ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ [[ⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ]] ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵉⵏⴷⵍⴰⵙ (ⵙ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ الاندلس)?
* ...ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ [[ⵉⵏⴷⵍⴰⵙ]] ⵉⴳⴰ [[ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ|ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ]] ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴱⵏ ⴱⵍⵇⵉⵏ ⴰⵥⵏⴰⴳ]]?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⴰⵜⵉⵜ [[ⴼⴰⵍⵏⵜⵉⵏⴰ ⵜⵔⵉⵛⴽⵓⴼⴰ]] ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ [[ⴰⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ]]?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵔⵉ ⴽⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ|ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ]], ⵢⴰⵜ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ|ⵜⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1903 ⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⴳ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ|ⵜⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1911?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⴰⴳⵯⴱⴱⴰⵢ ⴰⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏ|ⵉⴳⵯⴱⴱⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏⵏ]] ⵉⴱⵔⵙⴰⴽⴰⵢⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ [[ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ|ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡⵏ]]?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵕⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ]] ⵓⵔ ⵜⴳⵉ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ &quot;ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰⵏⵜ&quot; (ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⴰⵏ) ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴷⵊⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⵙⵉ/ⵉⵎⵎⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ, ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵎ [[ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ]] ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ [[ⵡⴰⵔⵣⴰⵣⴰⵜ]] ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⴱⵓⴳ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵓⵍⴼⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴹⵓⵍⴰⵚ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ Gladiator ⴷ Kingdom of Heaven, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ &quot;ⵜⴰⵎⵓⴼⴰⵢⵜ ⵙ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰⵢ&quot; ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ?

== ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ 3 ==
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⴰⵏ [[ⴰⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏ]] ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ [[ⴰⵏⵟⵓⵏⵢⵓ ⵎⵢⵓⵜⵛⵉ]] (ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⵓⵔ ⴷ [[ⴰⵍⵉⴽⵙⴰⵏⴷⵔ ⴳⵔⴰⵀⴰⵎ]] ⵎⴽⵏⵏⵉ ⵙ ⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ?[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Antonio Meucci.jpg|frameless|150px|right]]
* ...ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 2009, ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 18 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ, ⴰⵏⵕⵡⵉⵊⵉ [[ⵎⴰⴳⵏⵓⵙ ⴽⴰⵔⵍⵙⵏ]] ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵛⵛⵟⵕⵏⵊ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵏ 2800 ⵏ ⵜⵏⵇⵇⵉⴹⵜ ⵙⴳ [[ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓ|ⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓ]]?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵏ [[ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵏ|ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵏ]] ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵓⵍ ⵉ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ ⴳ 225 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵓⵍ ⵖⴼ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵎⵔⵉ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵥⵥⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 243 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⴽⴰⵍ. ⴰⵢⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵎⴽ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ!
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⵢⵉⴼⵢⴰ]] ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ [[ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ]] ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ [[ⴱⴱⵉⵔⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏⵜ]]?
* ...[[ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ]] ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ [[ⵉⵥⵏⴰⴳⵏ]]?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵀⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵥⵥⵓⵜ ⵏ [[ⵓⵍ|ⵡⵓⵍ]] ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵓⵎⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ &quot;[[ⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜⵢⴰⵏ ⴱⵔⵏⴰⵔⴷ]]&quot; ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⴳ (1967). ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ 18 ⵏ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ, ⵀⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵥⵥⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷ  ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵍⵍⴼⵓⵙⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ [[ⵉⴱⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ|ⵍⵎⵀⴷⵉ ⴱⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ]] ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⴰⵔⵖⵏ]]?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ [[ⵕⵢⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⴷⵔⵉⴷ|ⵔⵢⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⴷⵔⵉⴷ]] ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵍⴼⴰⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ]] ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ [[ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ]]?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ [[ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ]] ⴷ ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎ ⴰⴼⵔⴽⵓⴽⴰⵏ (ⴳ ⵜⵊⵕⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⴰⵜ), ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⴽⵓⵜⵜⵓⵢ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵙⵎⵎⵙⴽⵍ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵥⴰⵢⵏ?

== ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ 4 ==
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⵎⴱⵉⵢⴰⴷ (ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⴰⴷ) ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ?[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Olympic rings with white rims.svg|frameless|150px|right]]
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⴰⵙⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵏⵓⵕ]] ⴳ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⵢⵓⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵙⵜ/ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵍⴰⵖⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⵉⴽⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⵉⴽⴰⵏⵜ]]?
*   ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵔⴳⴳⵓⴱ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⵍ]]&quot; ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⵔⵏⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵔⵉⵡ ⴰⵏⵔⵖⵉ?
*   ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ &quot;[[ⴽⵍⵉⵢⵓⴱⴰⵟⵔⴰ]]&quot; ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ [[ⴰⵢⴼⵓⵏ|ⵡⴰⵢⴼⵓⵏ]] ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵥⴽⴰ ⵏ [[ⵉⵣⴰⵎⵓⴳⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ]]?
*   ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ [[ⴱⵕⴰⵣⵉⵍ|ⴱⵕⴰⵥⵉⵍ]] ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵙⵏⵉⴳⵉⵍⵏ/ⵜⵜⴳⵏⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[19 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ]] ⴳ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ]]?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[16 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ]] ⴳ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍ]]?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⵥⴰⵕⵉⵏ (ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏ) ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵜⴳⴳⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵖⴼ 20% ⵏ [[ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ]], ⵉⵎⴰ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ ⴰⴷⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏ; ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴼⴰⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴰⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵖⴷⴰⵍⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴳⵔ 50% ⴰⵔ 80% ⵙⴳ ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⴷⴰ ⵏⵙⵙⵓⵏⴼⵓⵙ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ [[ⴱⵍⵓⵜⵓ]] (ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 16.7 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴽⵎ²) ⵜⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ [[ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ]] (ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 17.1 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴽⵎ²)?
== ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴷ 5 ==
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵇⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵇⴱⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⴰⵏ (ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵔⵎⵉⵏⴳⵀⴰⵎ|ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵔⵎⵉⵏⴳⵀⴰⵎ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 1370 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ?[[ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ:Birmingham Quran manuscript.jpg|frameless|150px|right]]
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴽⵡⵉⴽⵏⵀⵓⴼ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ [[ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ]], ⴷ ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ|ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ]] ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⵢⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴳ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵎⵎⵓⵜⵏ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 3000 ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵍⵀⵍⵎⵓⵙ ⵓ ⵏⴰⵙⴰⵡ ⴰⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉ, ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ 1574, ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵇⴱⵔⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ [[ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ|ⵓⵎⴰⵣⵍⵍⴰⵡ]] ⵏ [[ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵡⴰⵏ|ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵡⴰⵏ]] ⴳⵔ 100 ⴰⵔ 400 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⴰⵕ ⵏ [[ⵉⵜⵔⵉ|ⵢⵉⵜⵔⵉ]], ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵓⵜⵔⵉⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵜ?
* ... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⴼⵜⴰⵙ/ⵎⵕⵚⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ [[ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ]] ⴳ [[ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ]] ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⴳⵔ ⵉⴼⵜⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ|ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ]] ⴷ [[ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ|ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ]]?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵛⵉⴼⵢⵉⵍⴷ ⵓ ⵏⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵇⴱⵔⵏ ⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ|ⵜⵛⴰⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ]] ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵓⵍ ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵙ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⵎⴰⵕⵉ ⴽⵓⵔⵉ]] ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ|ⵜⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ]], ⴷⴳ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ|ⵜⴼⵉⵣⵉⴽⵜ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1903 ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ|ⵜⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]] ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1911?
*... ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ [[ⵡⵉⵏⵙⵜⵓⵏ ⵜⵛⵔⵜⵛⵉⵍ]] (ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵖⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ [[ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ|ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵖⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵓⴱⵍ]] ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1953?</text>
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'''[[ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵄⵎⵕⴰⵏⵜ|ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵄⵎⵔⴰⵏⵜ]]''' ⵏⵖ '''[[ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵄⵎⵕⴰⵏⵜ|ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵛⴰⵀⵀⵓ]]''' ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵜ, ⵜⴰⵏⴹⴹⴰⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵖⵏⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1962 ⴷⴳ ''ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏ ⵎⵥⵥⵉⵏ'', ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵖ ⴼ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ [[ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ|ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ]]. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵜⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ [[ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ|ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ]] ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ.

ⵜⴳⴰ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⵓⵎⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵖⵏⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⴱⵉⴷⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵡ ⵉⴳⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉ. ⵉⵜⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵕⴼ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ.

ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵛⴰⵀⵓ, ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⵓⵎⵕⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 1962 ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵙⴰ. ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⴳ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵡ ⴳ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵉⴹ ⵙⴰⵍⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵛⴽⵕⴰ. ⵜⵓⵖⴰ ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵜⵎⵥⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙⵏ, ⵜⴷⴷⵉ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰ? ⵍⵄⵉⴷ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵓⵄⵣⵉⵣ, ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵍⵄⵕⴰⴱⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵛⵉⵛ. ⵓⵔ ⵜ ⵢⴰⵡⵙ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴰⵍⴱⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ, ⵜⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ.

{{ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ |[[ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ:ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ/ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⵙⵎⵉⴷ/3|ⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ]] '''.'''[[ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵄⵎⵕⴰⵏⵜ|ⵖⵔ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ]]}}</text>
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'''ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ]]: Franz Kafka) (10 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ [[1883]] – 3 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ [[1924]]), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵓ [[ⵜⵛⵉⴽ]] ⵉⴳⴰⵏ [[ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ|ⵓⴷⴰⵢ]] ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ [[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⴱⴰⵖⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ]].  ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⵓⴹⴰⴹⵜ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ &quot;ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⵍⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ&quot;. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵍⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵉⵎⵔⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵖⴼ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⴰⵏⵏⵓⵖⵊⴼ, ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴼⴰ, ⴰⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹ ⴷ &quot;[[ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ|ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ&quot;]] (absurdité). ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ]]&quot;ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ]]&quot; ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵖⵔⵎ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵖⵔⵎ]]&quot;. 

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1883 ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ. ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ, ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵡⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵙ, ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ&quot;. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴳⴰⵣⵜ (tyrannique) ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⵅⴼⵜ (égoïste), ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵀⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵉⵙⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵡⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ. ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ &quot;ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵖⵔ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ&quot;, ⴷ ⵎⴽⵏⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵉⵎⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ &quot;ⵢⵓⵍⵉ&quot;, ⵓⵔ ⵜⵔⵡⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵏⵥⵎⵍⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵊⵊⵉⵡⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ. 

== ⴰⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ ==
ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵢⵓⴷⴼ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ-ⴼⵉⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵏⴷ&quot; ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]], ⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1906. ⵉⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ, ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⵜⵜⵉⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵛⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵖⵔ &quot;ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ&quot;, ⵏⵏⵉ  ⴳ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵖⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵎⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. 

== ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ==
ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵍ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵔⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴽⵚⵓⴹ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⵍⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴷ ⵜⵙⴼⵍ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵜⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵚⵚⴰⴹ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⴳⵍ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵉⴷⵏ; ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ &quot;ⴼⵉⵍⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵡⵔ&quot; ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⴷⵖ &quot;ⵊⵓⵍⵢⴰ ⴼⵓⵢⵣⴽ&quot; ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵢⵓⴳⵉⵏ ⵉⵡⵍ ⴰⴷ.

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔ ⴽⴰⵎⵓ]]

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==</text>
      <sha1>da0j4u1hdw2bnfuecywu6jwqg06vnzv</sha1>
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      <comment>/* ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ */</comment>
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      <text bytes="7205" sha1="kwanzfxdofiksxfr0bt4vgirqan3fw4" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷ}}
'''ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ]]: Franz Kafka) (10 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ [[1883]] – 3 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ [[1924]]), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵓ [[ⵜⵛⵉⴽ]] ⵉⴳⴰⵏ [[ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ|ⵓⴷⴰⵢ]] ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ [[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⴱⴰⵖⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ]].  ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⵓⴹⴰⴹⵜ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ &quot;ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⵍⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ&quot;. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵍⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵉⵎⵔⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵖⴼ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⴰⵏⵏⵓⵖⵊⴼ, ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴼⴰ, ⴰⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹ ⴷ &quot;[[ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ|ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ&quot;]] (absurdité). ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ]]&quot;ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ]]&quot; ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵖⵔⵎ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵖⵔⵎ]]&quot;. 

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1883 ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ. ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ, ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵡⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵙ, ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ&quot;. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴳⴰⵣⵜ (tyrannique) ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⵅⴼⵜ (égoïste), ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵀⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵉⵙⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵡⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ. ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ &quot;ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵖⵔ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ&quot;, ⴷ ⵎⴽⵏⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵉⵎⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ &quot;ⵢⵓⵍⵉ&quot;, ⵓⵔ ⵜⵔⵡⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵏⵥⵎⵍⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵊⵊⵉⵡⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ. 

== ⴰⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ ==
ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵢⵓⴷⴼ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ-ⴼⵉⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵏⴷ&quot; ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]], ⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1906. ⵉⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ, ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⵜⵜⵉⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵛⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵖⵔ &quot;ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ&quot;, ⵏⵏⵉ  ⴳ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵖⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵎⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. 

== ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ==
ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵍ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵔⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴽⵚⵓⴹ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⵍⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴷ ⵜⵙⴼⵍ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵜⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵚⵚⴰⴹ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⴳⵍ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵉⴷⵏ; ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ &quot;ⴼⵉⵍⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵡⵔ&quot; ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⴷⵖ &quot;ⵊⵓⵍⵢⴰ ⴼⵓⵢⵣⴽ&quot; ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵢⵓⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵢⴰⵊⵊ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.

== ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵕⵥⵓⵜ ==
ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1917, ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ|ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ]] ⵜⴰⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴼⵓⴼⵏ ⵜⵜ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⴼⴽⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵣⵉⴽ ⴳ 1918. ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴽⴼⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⴰⵙⴼⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼⵏ.

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔ ⴽⴰⵎⵓ]]

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==</text>
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      <text bytes="7498" sha1="sywo0d13xwijd5ewtqbh09tgmnf2nct" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷ}}
'''ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ]]: Franz Kafka) (10 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ [[1883]] – 3 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ [[1924]]), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵓ [[ⵜⵛⵉⴽ]] ⵉⴳⴰⵏ [[ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ|ⵓⴷⴰⵢ]] ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ [[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⴱⴰⵖⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ]].  ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⵓⴹⴰⴹⵜ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ &quot;ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⵍⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ&quot;. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵍⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵉⵎⵔⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵖⴼ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⴰⵏⵏⵓⵖⵊⴼ, ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴼⴰ, ⴰⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹ ⴷ &quot;[[ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ|ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ&quot;]] (absurdité). ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ]]&quot;ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ]]&quot; ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵖⵔⵎ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵖⵔⵎ]]&quot;. 

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1883 ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ. ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ, ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵡⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵙ, ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ&quot;. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴳⴰⵣⵜ (tyrannique) ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⵅⴼⵜ (égoïste), ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵀⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵉⵙⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵡⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ. ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ &quot;ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵖⵔ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ&quot;, ⴷ ⵎⴽⵏⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵉⵎⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ &quot;ⵢⵓⵍⵉ&quot;, ⵓⵔ ⵜⵔⵡⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵏⵥⵎⵍⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵊⵊⵉⵡⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ. 

== ⴰⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ ==
ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵢⵓⴷⴼ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ-ⴼⵉⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵏⴷ&quot; ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]], ⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1906. ⵉⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ, ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⵜⵜⵉⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵛⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵖⵔ &quot;ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ&quot;, ⵏⵏⵉ  ⴳ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵖⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵎⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. 

== ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ==
ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵍ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵔⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴽⵚⵓⴹ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⵍⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴷ ⵜⵙⴼⵍ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵜⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵚⵚⴰⴹ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⴳⵍ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵉⴷⵏ; ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ &quot;ⴼⵉⵍⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵡⵔ&quot; ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⴷⵖ &quot;ⵊⵓⵍⵢⴰ ⴼⵓⵢⵣⴽ&quot; ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵢⵓⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵢⴰⵊⵊ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.

== ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵕⵥⵓⵜ ==
ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1917, ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ|ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ]] ⵜⴰⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴼⵓⴼⵏ ⵜⵜ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⴼⴽⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵣⵉⴽ ⴳ 1918. ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴽⴼⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⴰⵙⴼⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼⵏ. ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 1924, ⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ [[ⴼⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰ|ⴼⵉⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰ]].

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔ ⴽⴰⵎⵓ]]

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==</text>
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      <text bytes="7575" sha1="2qxy272pwd2v5pclw1p8nuofepvtsxg" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷ}}
'''ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ]]: Franz Kafka) (10 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ [[1883]] – 3 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ [[1924]]), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵓ [[ⵜⵛⵉⴽ]] ⵉⴳⴰⵏ [[ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ|ⵓⴷⴰⵢ]] ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ [[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⴱⴰⵖⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ]].  ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⵓⴹⴰⴹⵜ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ &quot;ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⵍⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ&quot;. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵍⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵉⵎⵔⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵖⴼ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⴰⵏⵏⵓⵖⵊⴼ, ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴼⴰ, ⴰⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹ ⴷ &quot;[[ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ|ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ&quot;]] (absurdité). ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ]]&quot;ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ]]&quot; ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵖⵔⵎ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵖⵔⵎ]]&quot;. 

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1883 ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ. ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ, ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵡⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵙ, ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ&quot;. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴳⴰⵣⵜ (tyrannique) ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⵅⴼⵜ (égoïste), ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵀⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵉⵙⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵡⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ. ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ &quot;ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵖⵔ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ&quot;, ⴷ ⵎⴽⵏⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵉⵎⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ &quot;ⵢⵓⵍⵉ&quot;, ⵓⵔ ⵜⵔⵡⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵏⵥⵎⵍⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵊⵊⵉⵡⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ. 

== ⴰⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ ==
ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵢⵓⴷⴼ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ-ⴼⵉⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵏⴷ&quot; ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]], ⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1906. ⵉⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ, ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⵜⵜⵉⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵛⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵖⵔ &quot;ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ&quot;, ⵏⵏⵉ  ⴳ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵖⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵎⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. 

== ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ==
ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵍ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵔⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴽⵚⵓⴹ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⵍⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴷ ⵜⵙⴼⵍ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵜⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵚⵚⴰⴹ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⴳⵍ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵉⴷⵏ; ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ &quot;ⴼⵉⵍⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵡⵔ&quot; ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⴷⵖ &quot;ⵊⵓⵍⵢⴰ ⴼⵓⵢⵣⴽ&quot; ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵢⵓⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵢⴰⵊⵊ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.

== ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵕⵥⵓⵜ ==
ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1917, ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ|ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ]] ⵜⴰⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴼⵓⴼⵏ ⵜⵜ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⴼⴽⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵣⵉⴽ ⴳ 1918. ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴽⴼⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⴰⵙⴼⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼⵏ. ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ [[ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ]] [[1924]], ⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵉⵔⴳⵍ ⴽⵓⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴷⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ [[ⴼⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰ|ⴼⵉⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰ]].

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔ ⴽⴰⵎⵓ]]

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==</text>
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      <text bytes="7939" sha1="amn285jvdaaaso63q9bgsu29eb6xkfv" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷ}}
'''ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ]]: Franz Kafka) (10 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ [[1883]] – 3 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ [[1924]]), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵓ [[ⵜⵛⵉⴽ]] ⵉⴳⴰⵏ [[ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ|ⵓⴷⴰⵢ]] ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ [[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⴱⴰⵖⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ]].  ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⵓⴹⴰⴹⵜ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ &quot;ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⵍⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ&quot;. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵍⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵉⵎⵔⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵖⴼ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⴰⵏⵏⵓⵖⵊⴼ, ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴼⴰ, ⴰⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹ ⴷ &quot;[[ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ|ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ&quot;]] (absurdité). ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ]]&quot;ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ]]&quot; ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵖⵔⵎ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵖⵔⵎ]]&quot;. 

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1883 ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ. ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ, ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵡⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵙ, ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ&quot;. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴳⴰⵣⵜ (tyrannique) ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⵅⴼⵜ (égoïste), ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵀⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵉⵙⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵡⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ. ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ &quot;ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵖⵔ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ&quot;, ⴷ ⵎⴽⵏⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵉⵎⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ &quot;ⵢⵓⵍⵉ&quot;, ⵓⵔ ⵜⵔⵡⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵏⵥⵎⵍⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵊⵊⵉⵡⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ. 

== ⴰⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ ==
ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵢⵓⴷⴼ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ-ⴼⵉⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵏⴷ&quot; ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]], ⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1906. ⵉⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ, ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⵜⵜⵉⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵛⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵖⵔ &quot;ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ&quot;, ⵏⵏⵉ  ⴳ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵖⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵎⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. 

== ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ==
ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵍ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵔⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴽⵚⵓⴹ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⵍⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴷ ⵜⵙⴼⵍ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵜⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵚⵚⴰⴹ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⴳⵍ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵉⴷⵏ; ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ &quot;ⴼⵉⵍⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵡⵔ&quot; ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⴷⵖ &quot;ⵊⵓⵍⵢⴰ ⴼⵓⵢⵣⴽ&quot; ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵢⵓⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵢⴰⵊⵊ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.

== ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵕⵥⵓⵜ ==
ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1917, ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ|ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ]] ⵜⴰⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴼⵓⴼⵏ ⵜⵜ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⴼⴽⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵣⵉⴽ ⴳ 1918. ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴽⴼⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⴰⵙⴼⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼⵏ. ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ [[ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ]] [[1924]], ⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵉⵔⴳⵍ ⴽⵓⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴷⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ [[ⴼⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰ|ⴼⵉⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰ]]. ⴷ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵜⵎⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⴷ ⵍⴰⵥ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵇⵇⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵏⵡⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵇⵏ ⵎⵙⴰⴷⵏⵉⵏ  ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵖⵉⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴽⵎⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵜ.

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔ ⴽⴰⵎⵓ]]

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==</text>
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      <text bytes="7938" sha1="5602lytmzrtwk1d7uenks5ikvcwba97" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷ}}
'''ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ]]: Franz Kafka) (10 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ [[1883]] – 3 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ [[1924]]), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵓ [[ⵜⵛⵉⴽ]] ⵉⴳⴰⵏ [[ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ|ⵓⴷⴰⵢ]] ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ [[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⴱⴰⵖⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ]].  ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⵓⴹⴰⴹⵜ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ &quot;ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⵍⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ&quot;. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵍⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵉⵎⵔⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵖⴼ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⴰⵏⵏⵓⵖⵊⴼ, ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴼⴰ, ⴰⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹ ⴷ &quot;[[ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ|ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ&quot;]] (absurdité). ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ]]&quot;ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ]]&quot; ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵖⵔⵎ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵖⵔⵎ]]&quot;. 

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1883 ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ. ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ, ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵡⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵙ, ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ&quot;. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴳⴰⵣⵜ (tyrannique) ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⵅⴼⵜ (égoïste), ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵀⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵉⵙⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵡⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ. ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ &quot;ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵖⵔ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ&quot;, ⴷ ⵎⴽⵏⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵉⵎⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ &quot;ⵢⵓⵍⵉ&quot;, ⵓⵔ ⵜⵔⵡⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵏⵥⵎⵍⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵊⵊⵉⵡⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ. 

== ⴰⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ ==
ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵢⵓⴷⴼ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ-ⴼⵉⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵏⴷ&quot; ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]], ⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1906. ⵉⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ, ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⵜⵜⵉⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵛⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵖⵔ &quot;ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ&quot;, ⵏⵏⵉ  ⴳ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵖⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵎⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. 

== ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ==
ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵍ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵔⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴽⵚⵓⴹ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⵍⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴷ ⵜⵙⴼⵍ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵜⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵚⵚⴰⴹ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⴳⵍ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵉⴷⵏ; ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ &quot;ⴼⵉⵍⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵡⵔ&quot; ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⴷⵖ &quot;ⵊⵓⵍⵢⴰ ⴼⵓⵢⵣⴽ&quot; ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵢⵓⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵢⴰⵊⵊ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.

== ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵕⵥⵓⵜ ==
ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1917, ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ|ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ]] ⵜⴰⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴼⵓⴼⵏ ⵜⵜ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⴼⴽⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵣⵉⴽ ⴳ 1918. ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴽⴼⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⴰⵙⴼⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼⵏ. ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ [[ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ]] [[1924]], ⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵉⵔⴳⵍ ⴽⵓⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴷⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ [[ⴼⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰ|ⴼⵉⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰ]]. ⴷ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵜⵎⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⴷ ⵍⴰⵥ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵇⵇⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵏⵡⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵇⵏ ⵎⵙⴰⴷⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵖⵉⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴽⵎⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵜ.

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔ ⴽⴰⵎⵓ]]

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==</text>
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      <text bytes="8643" sha1="bv8y6w32omle4mt7lcb9fw8rz9v7ckb" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷ}}
'''ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ]]: Franz Kafka) (10 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ [[1883]] – 3 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ [[1924]]), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵓ [[ⵜⵛⵉⴽ]] ⵉⴳⴰⵏ [[ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ|ⵓⴷⴰⵢ]] ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ [[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⴱⴰⵖⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ]].  ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⵓⴹⴰⴹⵜ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ &quot;ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⵍⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ&quot;. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵍⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵉⵎⵔⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵖⴼ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⴰⵏⵏⵓⵖⵊⴼ, ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴼⴰ, ⴰⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹ ⴷ &quot;[[ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ|ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ&quot;]] (absurdité). ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ]]&quot;ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ]]&quot; ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵖⵔⵎ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵖⵔⵎ]]&quot;. 

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1883 ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ. ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ, ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵡⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵙ, ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ&quot;. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴳⴰⵣⵜ (tyrannique) ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⵅⴼⵜ (égoïste), ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵀⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵉⵙⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵡⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ. ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ &quot;ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵖⵔ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ&quot;, ⴷ ⵎⴽⵏⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵉⵎⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ &quot;ⵢⵓⵍⵉ&quot;, ⵓⵔ ⵜⵔⵡⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵏⵥⵎⵍⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵊⵊⵉⵡⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ. 

== ⴰⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ ==
ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵢⵓⴷⴼ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ-ⴼⵉⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵏⴷ&quot; ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]], ⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1906. ⵉⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ, ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⵜⵜⵉⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵛⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵖⵔ &quot;ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ&quot;, ⵏⵏⵉ  ⴳ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵖⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵎⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. 

== ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ==
ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵍ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵔⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴽⵚⵓⴹ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⵍⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴷ ⵜⵙⴼⵍ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵜⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵚⵚⴰⴹ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⴳⵍ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵉⴷⵏ; ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ &quot;ⴼⵉⵍⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵡⵔ&quot; ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⴷⵖ &quot;ⵊⵓⵍⵢⴰ ⴼⵓⵢⵣⴽ&quot; ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵢⵓⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵢⴰⵊⵊ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.

== ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵕⵥⵓⵜ ==
ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1917, ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ|ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ]] ⵜⴰⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴼⵓⴼⵏ ⵜⵜ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⴼⴽⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵣⵉⴽ ⴳ 1918. ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴽⴼⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⴰⵙⴼⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼⵏ. ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ [[ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ]] [[1924]], ⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵉⵔⴳⵍ ⴽⵓⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴷⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ [[ⴼⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰ|ⴼⵉⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰ]]. ⴷ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵜⵎⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⴷ ⵍⴰⵥ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵇⵇⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵏⵡⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵇⵏ ⵎⵙⴰⴷⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵖⵉⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴽⵎⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵜ. ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰ ⵢⴰⴼⵓⴹ, ⵉⴼⵍ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵉⵕⵥⴰⴳⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⵎⴰⴽⵙ ⴱⵔⵓⴷ]], ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⴻⵜⵜⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵔⵖ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⴷ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴱⵔⵓⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⴽ ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⵓ ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⵜⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵕⵥⵎⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵉ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ.

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔ ⴽⴰⵎⵓ]]

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==</text>
      <sha1>bv8y6w32omle4mt7lcb9fw8rz9v7ckb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>177300</id>
      <parentid>177295</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T16:20:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ</username>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ */</comment>
      <origin>177300</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9180" sha1="p47ooa0s5h9g24kltfjo0dts64f9a41" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷ}}
'''ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ]]: Franz Kafka) (10 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ [[1883]] – 3 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ [[1924]]), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵓ [[ⵜⵛⵉⴽ]] ⵉⴳⴰⵏ [[ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ|ⵓⴷⴰⵢ]] ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ [[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⴱⴰⵖⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ]].  ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⵓⴹⴰⴹⵜ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ &quot;ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⵍⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ&quot;. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵍⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵉⵎⵔⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵖⴼ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⴰⵏⵏⵓⵖⵊⴼ, ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴼⴰ, ⴰⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹ ⴷ &quot;[[ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ|ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ&quot;]] (absurdité). ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ]]&quot;ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ]]&quot; ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵖⵔⵎ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵖⵔⵎ]]&quot;. 

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1883 ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ. ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ, ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵡⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵙ, ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ&quot;. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴳⴰⵣⵜ (tyrannique) ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⵅⴼⵜ (égoïste), ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵀⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵉⵙⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵡⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ. ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ &quot;ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵖⵔ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ&quot;, ⴷ ⵎⴽⵏⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵉⵎⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ &quot;ⵢⵓⵍⵉ&quot;, ⵓⵔ ⵜⵔⵡⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵏⵥⵎⵍⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵊⵊⵉⵡⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ. 

== ⴰⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ ==
ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵢⵓⴷⴼ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ-ⴼⵉⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵏⴷ&quot; ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]], ⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1906. ⵉⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ, ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⵜⵜⵉⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵛⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵖⵔ &quot;ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ&quot;, ⵏⵏⵉ  ⴳ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵖⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵎⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. 

== ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ==
ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵍ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵔⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴽⵚⵓⴹ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⵍⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴷ ⵜⵙⴼⵍ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵜⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵚⵚⴰⴹ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⴳⵍ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵉⴷⵏ; ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ &quot;ⴼⵉⵍⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵡⵔ&quot; ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⴷⵖ &quot;ⵊⵓⵍⵢⴰ ⴼⵓⵢⵣⴽ&quot; ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵢⵓⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵢⴰⵊⵊ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.

== ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵕⵥⵓⵜ ==
ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1917, ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ|ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ]] ⵜⴰⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴼⵓⴼⵏ ⵜⵜ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⴼⴽⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵣⵉⴽ ⴳ 1918. ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴽⴼⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⴰⵙⴼⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼⵏ. ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ [[ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ]] [[1924]], ⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵉⵔⴳⵍ ⴽⵓⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴷⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ [[ⴼⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰ|ⴼⵉⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰ]]. ⴷ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵜⵎⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⴷ ⵍⴰⵥ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵇⵇⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵏⵡⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵇⵏ ⵎⵙⴰⴷⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵖⵉⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴽⵎⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵜ. ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰ ⵢⴰⴼⵓⴹ, ⵉⴼⵍ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵉⵕⵥⴰⴳⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⵎⴰⴽⵙ ⴱⵔⵓⴷ]], ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⴻⵜⵜⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵔⵖ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⴷ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴱⵔⵓⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⴽ ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⵓ ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⵜⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵕⵥⵎⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵉ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ.

== ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏⵉⵏ ==
ⵉⵥⵍⵉ ⵓⵖⴰⵏⵉⴱ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴱⴱⵔⴽⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵉⵔⵓⴽⵔⴰⵜⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴱⴰⵖⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵏⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜⵏ. ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⵙⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ,

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔ ⴽⴰⵎⵓ]]

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==</text>
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    </revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-03T16:32:14Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>/* ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏⵉⵏ */</comment>
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      <text bytes="9347" sha1="jaf3lsdu4yj4mnmjk7mhj464ae4m3as" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷ}}
'''ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ]]: Franz Kafka) (10 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ [[1883]] – 3 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ [[1924]]), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵓ [[ⵜⵛⵉⴽ]] ⵉⴳⴰⵏ [[ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ|ⵓⴷⴰⵢ]] ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ [[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⴱⴰⵖⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ]].  ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⵓⴹⴰⴹⵜ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ &quot;ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⵍⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ&quot;. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵍⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵉⵎⵔⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵖⴼ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⴰⵏⵏⵓⵖⵊⴼ, ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴼⴰ, ⴰⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹ ⴷ &quot;[[ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ|ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ&quot;]] (absurdité). ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ]]&quot;ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ]]&quot; ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵖⵔⵎ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵖⵔⵎ]]&quot;. 

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1883 ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ. ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ, ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵡⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵙ, ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ&quot;. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴳⴰⵣⵜ (tyrannique) ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⵅⴼⵜ (égoïste), ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵀⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵉⵙⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵡⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ. ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ &quot;ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵖⵔ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ&quot;, ⴷ ⵎⴽⵏⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵉⵎⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ &quot;ⵢⵓⵍⵉ&quot;, ⵓⵔ ⵜⵔⵡⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵏⵥⵎⵍⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵊⵊⵉⵡⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ. 

== ⴰⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ ==
ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵢⵓⴷⴼ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ-ⴼⵉⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵏⴷ&quot; ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]], ⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1906. ⵉⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ, ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⵜⵜⵉⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵛⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵖⵔ &quot;ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ&quot;, ⵏⵏⵉ  ⴳ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵖⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵎⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. 

== ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ==
ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵍ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵔⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴽⵚⵓⴹ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⵍⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴷ ⵜⵙⴼⵍ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵜⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵚⵚⴰⴹ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⴳⵍ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵉⴷⵏ; ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ &quot;ⴼⵉⵍⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵡⵔ&quot; ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⴷⵖ &quot;ⵊⵓⵍⵢⴰ ⴼⵓⵢⵣⴽ&quot; ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵢⵓⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵢⴰⵊⵊ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.

== ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵕⵥⵓⵜ ==
ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1917, ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ|ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ]] ⵜⴰⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴼⵓⴼⵏ ⵜⵜ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⴼⴽⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵣⵉⴽ ⴳ 1918. ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴽⴼⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⴰⵙⴼⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼⵏ. ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ [[ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ]] [[1924]], ⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵉⵔⴳⵍ ⴽⵓⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴷⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ [[ⴼⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰ|ⴼⵉⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰ]]. ⴷ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵜⵎⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⴷ ⵍⴰⵥ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵇⵇⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵏⵡⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵇⵏ ⵎⵙⴰⴷⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵖⵉⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴽⵎⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵜ. ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰ ⵢⴰⴼⵓⴹ, ⵉⴼⵍ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵉⵕⵥⴰⴳⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⵎⴰⴽⵙ ⴱⵔⵓⴷ]], ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⴻⵜⵜⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵔⵖ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⴷ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴱⵔⵓⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⴽ ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⵓ ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⵜⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵕⵥⵎⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵉ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ.

== ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏⵉⵏ ==
ⵉⵥⵍⵉ ⵓⵖⴰⵏⵉⴱ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴱⴱⵔⴽⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵉⵔⵓⴽⵔⴰⵜⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴱⴰⵖⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵏⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜⵏ. ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⵙⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ, ⴰⵎ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ &quot;ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ&quot; ⴳ 1915, ⴷ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⵉⵏ ⵏ &quot;ⴰⵙⵎⵎⴹⵕ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⴰⵎⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ ⴰⴼⴰⵔⴰⵏ&quot;, 

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔ ⴽⴰⵎⵓ]]

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==</text>
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      <text bytes="9346" sha1="97o1z6mwql47600ohp3jrw9sz1rmwmm" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷ}}
'''ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ]]: Franz Kafka) (10 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ [[1883]] – 3 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ [[1924]]), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵓ [[ⵜⵛⵉⴽ]] ⵉⴳⴰⵏ [[ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ|ⵓⴷⴰⵢ]] ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ [[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⴱⴰⵖⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ]]. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⵓⴹⴰⴹⵜ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ &quot;ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⵍⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ&quot;. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵍⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵉⵎⵔⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵖⴼ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⴰⵏⵏⵓⵖⵊⴼ, ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴼⴰ, ⴰⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹ ⴷ &quot;[[ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ|ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ&quot;]] (absurdité). ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ]]&quot;ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ]]&quot; ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵖⵔⵎ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵖⵔⵎ]]&quot;. 

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1883 ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ. ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ, ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵡⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵙ, ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ&quot;. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴳⴰⵣⵜ (tyrannique) ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⵅⴼⵜ (égoïste), ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵀⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵉⵙⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵡⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ. ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ &quot;ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵖⵔ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ&quot;, ⴷ ⵎⴽⵏⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵉⵎⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ &quot;ⵢⵓⵍⵉ&quot;, ⵓⵔ ⵜⵔⵡⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵏⵥⵎⵍⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵊⵊⵉⵡⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ. 

== ⴰⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ ==
ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵢⵓⴷⴼ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ-ⴼⵉⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵏⴷ&quot; ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]], ⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1906. ⵉⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ, ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⵜⵜⵉⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵛⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵖⵔ &quot;ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ&quot;, ⵏⵏⵉ  ⴳ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵖⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵎⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. 

== ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ==
ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵍ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵔⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴽⵚⵓⴹ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⵍⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴷ ⵜⵙⴼⵍ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵜⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵚⵚⴰⴹ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⴳⵍ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵉⴷⵏ; ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ &quot;ⴼⵉⵍⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵡⵔ&quot; ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⴷⵖ &quot;ⵊⵓⵍⵢⴰ ⴼⵓⵢⵣⴽ&quot; ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵢⵓⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵢⴰⵊⵊ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.

== ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵕⵥⵓⵜ ==
ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1917, ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ|ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ]] ⵜⴰⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴼⵓⴼⵏ ⵜⵜ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⴼⴽⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵣⵉⴽ ⴳ 1918. ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴽⴼⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⴰⵙⴼⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼⵏ. ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ [[ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ]] [[1924]], ⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵉⵔⴳⵍ ⴽⵓⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴷⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ [[ⴼⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰ|ⴼⵉⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰ]]. ⴷ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵜⵎⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⴷ ⵍⴰⵥ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵇⵇⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵏⵡⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵇⵏ ⵎⵙⴰⴷⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵖⵉⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴽⵎⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵜ. ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰ ⵢⴰⴼⵓⴹ, ⵉⴼⵍ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵉⵕⵥⴰⴳⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⵎⴰⴽⵙ ⴱⵔⵓⴷ]], ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⴻⵜⵜⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵔⵖ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⴷ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴱⵔⵓⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⴽ ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⵓ ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⵜⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵕⵥⵎⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵉ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ.

== ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏⵉⵏ ==
ⵉⵥⵍⵉ ⵓⵖⴰⵏⵉⴱ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴱⴱⵔⴽⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵉⵔⵓⴽⵔⴰⵜⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴱⴰⵖⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵏⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜⵏ. ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⵙⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ, ⴰⵎ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ &quot;ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ&quot; ⴳ 1915, ⴷ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⵉⵏ ⵏ &quot;ⴰⵙⵎⵎⴹⵕ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⴰⵎⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ ⴰⴼⴰⵔⴰⵏ&quot;, 

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔ ⴽⴰⵎⵓ]]

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==</text>
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'''ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ]]: Franz Kafka) (10 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ [[1883]] – 3 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ [[1924]]), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵓ [[ⵜⵛⵉⴽ]] ⵉⴳⴰⵏ [[ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ|ⵓⴷⴰⵢ]] ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ [[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⴱⴰⵖⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ]]. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⵓⴹⴰⴹⵜ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ &quot;ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⵍⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ&quot;. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵍⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵉⵎⵔⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵖⴼ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⴰⵏⵏⵓⵖⵊⴼ, ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴼⴰ, ⴰⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹ ⴷ &quot;[[ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ|ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ&quot;]] (absurdité). ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ]]&quot;ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ]]&quot; ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵖⵔⵎ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵖⵔⵎ]]&quot;. 

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1883 ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ. ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ, ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵡⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵙ, ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ&quot;. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴳⴰⵣⵜ (tyrannique) ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⵅⴼⵜ (égoïste), ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵀⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵉⵙⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵡⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ. ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ &quot;ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵖⵔ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ&quot;, ⴷ ⵎⴽⵏⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵉⵎⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ &quot;ⵢⵓⵍⵉ&quot;, ⵓⵔ ⵜⵔⵡⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵏⵥⵎⵍⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵊⵊⵉⵡⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ. 

== ⴰⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ ==
ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵢⵓⴷⴼ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ-ⴼⵉⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵏⴷ&quot; ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]], ⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1906. ⵉⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ, ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⵜⵜⵉⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵛⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵖⵔ &quot;ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ&quot;, ⵏⵏⵉ  ⴳ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵖⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵎⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. 

== ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ==
ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵍ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵔⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴽⵚⵓⴹ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⵍⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴷ ⵜⵙⴼⵍ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵜⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵚⵚⴰⴹ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⴳⵍ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵉⴷⵏ; ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ &quot;ⴼⵉⵍⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵡⵔ&quot; ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⴷⵖ &quot;ⵊⵓⵍⵢⴰ ⴼⵓⵢⵣⴽ&quot; ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵢⵓⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵢⴰⵊⵊ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.

== ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵕⵥⵓⵜ ==
ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1917, ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ|ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ]] ⵜⴰⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴼⵓⴼⵏ ⵜⵜ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⴼⴽⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵣⵉⴽ ⴳ 1918. ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴽⴼⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⴰⵙⴼⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼⵏ. ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ [[ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ]] [[1924]], ⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵉⵔⴳⵍ ⴽⵓⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴷⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ [[ⴼⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰ|ⴼⵉⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰ]]. ⴷ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵜⵎⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⴷ ⵍⴰⵥ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵇⵇⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵏⵡⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵇⵏ ⵎⵙⴰⴷⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵖⵉⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴽⵎⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵜ. ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰ ⵢⴰⴼⵓⴹ, ⵉⴼⵍ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵉⵕⵥⴰⴳⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⵎⴰⴽⵙ ⴱⵔⵓⴷ]], ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⴻⵜⵜⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵔⵖ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⴷ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴱⵔⵓⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⴽ ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⵓ ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⵜⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵕⵥⵎⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵉ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ.

== ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏⵉⵏ ==
ⵉⵥⵍⵉ ⵓⵖⴰⵏⵉⴱ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴱⴱⵔⴽⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵉⵔⵓⴽⵔⴰⵜⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴱⴰⵖⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵏⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜⵏ. ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⵙⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵓⵔ ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ, ⴰⵎ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ &quot;ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ&quot; ⴳ 1915, ⴷ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⵉⵏ ⵏ &quot;ⴰⵙⵎⵎⴹⵕ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⴰⵎⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ ⴰⴼⴰⵔⴰⵏ&quot;, 

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔ ⴽⴰⵎⵓ]]

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==</text>
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      <comment>/* ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏⵉⵏ */</comment>
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      <text bytes="10096" sha1="6pgphjullzgtyzbumqf8iw2kjvohrl6" xml:space="preserve">{{ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵖⵎⵉⵙⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⵉⴷ}}
'''ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ''' (ⵙ [[ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ|ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ]]: Franz Kafka) (10 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ [[1883]] – 3 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ [[1924]]), ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵓ [[ⵜⵛⵉⴽ]] ⵉⴳⴰⵏ [[ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ|ⵓⴷⴰⵢ]] ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ [[ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⴱⴰⵖⵔⴰⵔⵉⵏ]]. ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⵓⴹⴰⴹⵜ. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ &quot;ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⵍⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ&quot;. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⵉⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵉⵍⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵖⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵉⵎⵔⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵖⴼ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏ, ⴰⵏⵏⵓⵖⵊⴼ, ⵜⴰⵡⴰⴼⴰ, ⴰⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴱⴽⴽⵉⴹ ⴷ &quot;[[ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ|ⵜⵉⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ&quot;]] (absurdité). ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ]]&quot;ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ]]&quot; ⴷ &quot;[[ⴰⵖⵔⵎ (ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ)|ⴰⵖⵔⵎ]]&quot;. 

ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵣ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1883 ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴽⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ. ⵉⵏⴽⵔ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ, ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵡⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵙ, ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ &quot;ⵀⵉⵔⵎⴰⵏ&quot;. ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴳⴰⵣⵜ (tyrannique) ⴷ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⵅⴼⵜ (égoïste), ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵀⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵉⵙⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵡⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ. ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵀⴰⵜ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵎ ⵜⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ &quot;ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵖⵔ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ&quot;, ⴷ ⵎⴽⵏⵏⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵉⵎⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵙ &quot;ⵢⵓⵍⵉ&quot;, ⵓⵔ ⵜⵔⵡⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⵉⵣⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵏⵥⵎⵍⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵊⵊⵉⵡⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ. 

== ⴰⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵣⴰⵣⵓ ⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⴰⵏ ==
ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴱⵔⴰⴳ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵢⵓⴷⴼ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ &quot;ⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ-ⴼⵉⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵏⴷ&quot; ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵖⵔⴰ [[ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ]], ⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1906. ⵉⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ, ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⵜⵜⵉⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⵉⵏⵣⵉ ⴳⴳⵓⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵛⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵖⵔ &quot;ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵍⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ&quot;, ⵏⵏⵉ  ⴳ ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵖⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵎⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. 

== ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵍⵉⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ==
ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵍ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵔⵔⴰⵜ ⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴽⵚⵓⴹ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⵍⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴷ ⵜⵙⴼⵍ ⴰⵀⴰ ⵜⴳⵔⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵚⵚⴰⴹ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⴳⵍ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵉⴷⵏ; ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ &quot;ⴼⵉⵍⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵡⵔ&quot; ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵍ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵍ ⴷⵖ &quot;ⵊⵓⵍⵢⴰ ⴼⵓⵢⵣⴽ&quot; ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵢⵓⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵢⴰⵊⵊ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.

== ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵕⵥⵓⵜ ==
ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1917, ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴷ [[ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ|ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⵉⵏ]] ⵜⴰⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⴼⵓⴼⵏ ⵜⵜ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵔⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵔⴳⵏ ⴳ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⴼⴽⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵣⵉⴽ ⴳ 1918. ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵖⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴽⴼⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵙⴰⵙⴼⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼⵏ. ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ [[ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ]] [[1924]], ⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⴱ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵉⵔⴳⵍ ⴽⵓⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴷⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ [[ⴼⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰ|ⴼⵉⵢⵉⵏⵏⴰ]]. ⴷ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵜⵎⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⴷ ⵍⴰⵥ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵇⵇⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵏⵡⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵇⵏ ⵎⵙⴰⴷⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵖⵉⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴽⵎⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵜ. ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰ ⵢⴰⴼⵓⴹ, ⵉⴼⵍ ⴷ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⵉⵕⵥⴰⴳⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ [[ⵎⴰⴽⵙ ⴱⵔⵓⴷ]], ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⴻⵜⵜⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵔⵖ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⴷ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴱⵔⵓⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⴽ ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⴼⵜ ⴰⴷ, ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⵓ ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⵜⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵕⵥⵎⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵉ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ.

== ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏⵉⵏ ==
ⵉⵥⵍⵉ ⵓⵖⴰⵏⵉⴱ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴱⴱⵔⴽⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵣⵣⵓⵍⵍⴰ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵉⵔⵓⴽⵔⴰⵜⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴱⴰⵖⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵏⵉⵍⵍⵉⵜⵏ. ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⵙⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏⵏ, ⴰⵎ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ &quot;ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ&quot; ⴷⴳ 1915, ⴷ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⵉⵏ ⵏ &quot;ⴰⵙⵎⵎⴹⵕ&quot; ⴷ &quot;ⴰⵎⵙⴳⵏⴰⴼ ⴰⴼⴰⵔⴰⵏ&quot;, ⴷ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ &quot;ⴳ ⵜⵀⵔⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵣⵡⴰⵏ&quot;. ⵉⵎⴰ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵉⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵎⵔⵖⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵏⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ; ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ &quot;ⴰⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⴹ&quot;, &quot;ⴰⵖⵔⵎ&quot;, ⴷ &quot;ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰ&quot; (ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵏⵖⵓⴱⴰⵏ), ⴷ ⵜⵜⵢⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔⵏ ⵇⴰⵃ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⴷⴰⴽⴽⵯⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴰⴽⵙ ⴱⵔⵓⴷ ⵃⵓⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵍⵙⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⵍⵖ ⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵜⵊⵕⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ 20. 

== ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ==

* [[ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔ ⴽⴰⵎⵓ]]

== ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ==</text>
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      <comment>ⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵓⵍⵃⵍⵓ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵙⴳ [[ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ]] ⵖⵔ [[ⵕⵕⴱⴰⴹ]]</comment>
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